text-classification bool 2 classes | text stringlengths 0 664k |
|---|---|
false |
# Dataset Card for "openwebtext"
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [https://skylion007.github.io/OpenWebTextCorpus/](https://skylion007.github.io/OpenWebTextCorpus/)
- **Repository:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Paper:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 13.51 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 41.70 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 55.21 GB
### Dataset Summary
An open-source replication of the WebText dataset from OpenAI, that was used to train GPT-2.
This distribution was created by Aaron Gokaslan and Vanya Cohen of Brown University.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Languages
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
#### plain_text
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 13.51 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 41.70 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 55.21 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"text": "\"A magazine supplement with an image of Adolf Hitler and the title 'The Unreadable Book' is pictured in Berlin. No law bans “Mei..."
}
```
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all splits.
#### plain_text
- `text`: a `string` feature.
### Data Splits
| name | train |
|------------|--------:|
| plain_text | 8013769 |
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
The authors started by extracting all Reddit post urls from the Reddit submissions dataset. These links were deduplicated, filtered to exclude non-html content, and then shuffled randomly. The links were then distributed to several machines in parallel for download, and all web pages were extracted using the newspaper python package. Using Facebook FastText, non-English web pages were filtered out.
Subsequently, near-duplicate documents were identified using local-sensitivity hashing (LSH). Documents were hashed into sets of 5-grams and all documents that had a similarity threshold of greater than 0.5 were removed. The the remaining documents were tokenized, and documents with fewer than 128 tokens were removed. This left 38GB of text data (40GB using SI units) from 8,013,769 documents.
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Annotations
The dataset doesn't contain annotations.
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Licensing Information
These data are released under this licensing scheme from the original authors ([source](https://skylion007.github.io/OpenWebTextCorpus/)):
```
We do not own any of the text from which these data has been extracted.
We license the actual packaging of these parallel data under the [Creative Commons CC0 license (“no rights reserved”)](https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)
```
#### Notice policy
Should you consider that our data contains material that is owned by you and should therefore not be reproduced here, please:
Clearly identify yourself, with detailed contact data such as an address, telephone number or email address at which you can be contacted.
Clearly identify the copyrighted work claimed to be infringed.
Clearly identify the material that is claimed to be infringing and information reasonably sufficient to allow us to locate the material.
And contact us at the following email address: openwebtext at gmail.com and datasets at huggingface.co
#### Take down policy
The original authors will comply to legitimate requests by removing the affected sources from the next release of the corpus.
Hugging Face will also update this repository accordingly.
### Citation Information
```
@misc{Gokaslan2019OpenWeb,
title={OpenWebText Corpus},
author={Aaron Gokaslan*, Vanya Cohen*, Ellie Pavlick, Stefanie Tellex},
howpublished{\url{http://Skylion007.github.io/OpenWebTextCorpus}},
year={2019}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@richarddwang](https://github.com/richarddwang) for adding this dataset.
|
true |
# Dataset Card for GLUE
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Card for GLUE](#dataset-card-for-glue)
- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [ax](#ax)
- [cola](#cola)
- [mnli](#mnli)
- [mnli_matched](#mnli_matched)
- [mnli_mismatched](#mnli_mismatched)
- [mrpc](#mrpc)
- [qnli](#qnli)
- [qqp](#qqp)
- [rte](#rte)
- [sst2](#sst2)
- [stsb](#stsb)
- [wnli](#wnli)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [ax](#ax-1)
- [cola](#cola-1)
- [mnli](#mnli-1)
- [mnli_matched](#mnli_matched-1)
- [mnli_mismatched](#mnli_mismatched-1)
- [mrpc](#mrpc-1)
- [qnli](#qnli-1)
- [qqp](#qqp-1)
- [rte](#rte-1)
- [sst2](#sst2-1)
- [stsb](#stsb-1)
- [wnli](#wnli-1)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [ax](#ax-2)
- [cola](#cola-2)
- [mnli](#mnli-2)
- [mnli_matched](#mnli_matched-2)
- [mnli_mismatched](#mnli_mismatched-2)
- [mrpc](#mrpc-2)
- [qnli](#qnli-2)
- [qqp](#qqp-2)
- [rte](#rte-2)
- [sst2](#sst2-2)
- [stsb](#stsb-2)
- [wnli](#wnli-2)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [ax](#ax-3)
- [cola](#cola-3)
- [mnli](#mnli-3)
- [mnli_matched](#mnli_matched-3)
- [mnli_mismatched](#mnli_mismatched-3)
- [mrpc](#mrpc-3)
- [qnli](#qnli-3)
- [qqp](#qqp-3)
- [rte](#rte-3)
- [sst2](#sst2-3)
- [stsb](#stsb-3)
- [wnli](#wnli-3)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Initial Data Collection and Normalization](#initial-data-collection-and-normalization)
- [Who are the source language producers?](#who-are-the-source-language-producers)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Annotation process](#annotation-process)
- [Who are the annotators?](#who-are-the-annotators)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [https://nyu-mll.github.io/CoLA/](https://nyu-mll.github.io/CoLA/)
- **Repository:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Paper:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 1.00 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 240.84 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 1.24 GB
### Dataset Summary
GLUE, the General Language Understanding Evaluation benchmark (https://gluebenchmark.com/) is a collection of resources for training, evaluating, and analyzing natural language understanding systems.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
The leaderboard for the GLUE benchmark can be found [at this address](https://gluebenchmark.com/). It comprises the following tasks:
#### ax
A manually-curated evaluation dataset for fine-grained analysis of system performance on a broad range of linguistic phenomena. This dataset evaluates sentence understanding through Natural Language Inference (NLI) problems. Use a model trained on MulitNLI to produce predictions for this dataset.
#### cola
The Corpus of Linguistic Acceptability consists of English acceptability judgments drawn from books and journal articles on linguistic theory. Each example is a sequence of words annotated with whether it is a grammatical English sentence.
#### mnli
The Multi-Genre Natural Language Inference Corpus is a crowdsourced collection of sentence pairs with textual entailment annotations. Given a premise sentence and a hypothesis sentence, the task is to predict whether the premise entails the hypothesis (entailment), contradicts the hypothesis (contradiction), or neither (neutral). The premise sentences are gathered from ten different sources, including transcribed speech, fiction, and government reports. The authors of the benchmark use the standard test set, for which they obtained private labels from the RTE authors, and evaluate on both the matched (in-domain) and mismatched (cross-domain) section. They also uses and recommend the SNLI corpus as 550k examples of auxiliary training data.
#### mnli_matched
The matched validation and test splits from MNLI. See the "mnli" BuilderConfig for additional information.
#### mnli_mismatched
The mismatched validation and test splits from MNLI. See the "mnli" BuilderConfig for additional information.
#### mrpc
The Microsoft Research Paraphrase Corpus (Dolan & Brockett, 2005) is a corpus of sentence pairs automatically extracted from online news sources, with human annotations for whether the sentences in the pair are semantically equivalent.
#### qnli
The Stanford Question Answering Dataset is a question-answering dataset consisting of question-paragraph pairs, where one of the sentences in the paragraph (drawn from Wikipedia) contains the answer to the corresponding question (written by an annotator). The authors of the benchmark convert the task into sentence pair classification by forming a pair between each question and each sentence in the corresponding context, and filtering out pairs with low lexical overlap between the question and the context sentence. The task is to determine whether the context sentence contains the answer to the question. This modified version of the original task removes the requirement that the model select the exact answer, but also removes the simplifying assumptions that the answer is always present in the input and that lexical overlap is a reliable cue.
#### qqp
The Quora Question Pairs2 dataset is a collection of question pairs from the community question-answering website Quora. The task is to determine whether a pair of questions are semantically equivalent.
#### rte
The Recognizing Textual Entailment (RTE) datasets come from a series of annual textual entailment challenges. The authors of the benchmark combined the data from RTE1 (Dagan et al., 2006), RTE2 (Bar Haim et al., 2006), RTE3 (Giampiccolo et al., 2007), and RTE5 (Bentivogli et al., 2009). Examples are constructed based on news and Wikipedia text. The authors of the benchmark convert all datasets to a two-class split, where for three-class datasets they collapse neutral and contradiction into not entailment, for consistency.
#### sst2
The Stanford Sentiment Treebank consists of sentences from movie reviews and human annotations of their sentiment. The task is to predict the sentiment of a given sentence. It uses the two-way (positive/negative) class split, with only sentence-level labels.
#### stsb
The Semantic Textual Similarity Benchmark (Cer et al., 2017) is a collection of sentence pairs drawn from news headlines, video and image captions, and natural language inference data. Each pair is human-annotated with a similarity score from 1 to 5.
#### wnli
The Winograd Schema Challenge (Levesque et al., 2011) is a reading comprehension task in which a system must read a sentence with a pronoun and select the referent of that pronoun from a list of choices. The examples are manually constructed to foil simple statistical methods: Each one is contingent on contextual information provided by a single word or phrase in the sentence. To convert the problem into sentence pair classification, the authors of the benchmark construct sentence pairs by replacing the ambiguous pronoun with each possible referent. The task is to predict if the sentence with the pronoun substituted is entailed by the original sentence. They use a small evaluation set consisting of new examples derived from fiction books that was shared privately by the authors of the original corpus. While the included training set is balanced between two classes, the test set is imbalanced between them (65% not entailment). Also, due to a data quirk, the development set is adversarial: hypotheses are sometimes shared between training and development examples, so if a model memorizes the training examples, they will predict the wrong label on corresponding development set example. As with QNLI, each example is evaluated separately, so there is not a systematic correspondence between a model's score on this task and its score on the unconverted original task. The authors of the benchmark call converted dataset WNLI (Winograd NLI).
### Languages
The language data in GLUE is in English (BCP-47 `en`)
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
#### ax
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.22 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.24 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.46 MB
An example of 'test' looks as follows.
```
{
"premise": "The cat sat on the mat.",
"hypothesis": "The cat did not sit on the mat.",
"label": -1,
"idx: 0
}
```
#### cola
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.38 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.61 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.99 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"sentence": "Our friends won't buy this analysis, let alone the next one we propose.",
"label": 1,
"id": 0
}
```
#### mnli
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 312.78 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 82.47 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 395.26 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"premise": "Conceptually cream skimming has two basic dimensions - product and geography.",
"hypothesis": "Product and geography are what make cream skimming work.",
"label": 1,
"idx": 0
}
```
#### mnli_matched
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 312.78 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 3.69 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 316.48 MB
An example of 'test' looks as follows.
```
{
"premise": "Hierbas, ans seco, ans dulce, and frigola are just a few names worth keeping a look-out for.",
"hypothesis": "Hierbas is a name worth looking out for.",
"label": -1,
"idx": 0
}
```
#### mnli_mismatched
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 312.78 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 3.91 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 316.69 MB
An example of 'test' looks as follows.
```
{
"premise": "What have you decided, what are you going to do?",
"hypothesis": "So what's your decision?,
"label": -1,
"idx": 0
}
```
#### mrpc
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### qnli
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### qqp
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### rte
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### sst2
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### stsb
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### wnli
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all splits.
#### ax
- `premise`: a `string` feature.
- `hypothesis`: a `string` feature.
- `label`: a classification label, with possible values including `entailment` (0), `neutral` (1), `contradiction` (2).
- `idx`: a `int32` feature.
#### cola
- `sentence`: a `string` feature.
- `label`: a classification label, with possible values including `unacceptable` (0), `acceptable` (1).
- `idx`: a `int32` feature.
#### mnli
- `premise`: a `string` feature.
- `hypothesis`: a `string` feature.
- `label`: a classification label, with possible values including `entailment` (0), `neutral` (1), `contradiction` (2).
- `idx`: a `int32` feature.
#### mnli_matched
- `premise`: a `string` feature.
- `hypothesis`: a `string` feature.
- `label`: a classification label, with possible values including `entailment` (0), `neutral` (1), `contradiction` (2).
- `idx`: a `int32` feature.
#### mnli_mismatched
- `premise`: a `string` feature.
- `hypothesis`: a `string` feature.
- `label`: a classification label, with possible values including `entailment` (0), `neutral` (1), `contradiction` (2).
- `idx`: a `int32` feature.
#### mrpc
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### qnli
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### qqp
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### rte
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### sst2
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### stsb
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### wnli
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Data Splits
#### ax
| |test|
|---|---:|
|ax |1104|
#### cola
| |train|validation|test|
|----|----:|---------:|---:|
|cola| 8551| 1043|1063|
#### mnli
| |train |validation_matched|validation_mismatched|test_matched|test_mismatched|
|----|-----:|-----------------:|--------------------:|-----------:|--------------:|
|mnli|392702| 9815| 9832| 9796| 9847|
#### mnli_matched
| |validation|test|
|------------|---------:|---:|
|mnli_matched| 9815|9796|
#### mnli_mismatched
| |validation|test|
|---------------|---------:|---:|
|mnli_mismatched| 9832|9847|
#### mrpc
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### qnli
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### qqp
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### rte
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### sst2
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### stsb
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### wnli
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Licensing Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Citation Information
```
@article{warstadt2018neural,
title={Neural Network Acceptability Judgments},
author={Warstadt, Alex and Singh, Amanpreet and Bowman, Samuel R},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1805.12471},
year={2018}
}
@inproceedings{wang2019glue,
title={{GLUE}: A Multi-Task Benchmark and Analysis Platform for Natural Language Understanding},
author={Wang, Alex and Singh, Amanpreet and Michael, Julian and Hill, Felix and Levy, Omer and Bowman, Samuel R.},
note={In the Proceedings of ICLR.},
year={2019}
}
Note that each GLUE dataset has its own citation. Please see the source to see
the correct citation for each contained dataset.
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@patpizio](https://github.com/patpizio), [@jeswan](https://github.com/jeswan), [@thomwolf](https://github.com/thomwolf), [@patrickvonplaten](https://github.com/patrickvonplaten), [@mariamabarham](https://github.com/mariamabarham) for adding this dataset. |
true |
# Dataset Card for JGLUE
[](https://github.com/shunk031/huggingface-datasets_JGLUE/actions/workflows/ci.yaml)
[](https://aclanthology.org/2022.lrec-1.317)
## Table of Contents
- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** https://github.com/yahoojapan/JGLUE
- **Repository:** https://github.com/shunk031/huggingface-datasets_JGLUE
### Dataset Summary
From [the official README.md](https://github.com/yahoojapan/JGLUE#jglue-japanese-general-language-understanding-evaluation):
> JGLUE, Japanese General Language Understanding Evaluation, is built to measure the general NLU ability in Japanese. JGLUE has been constructed from scratch without translation. We hope that JGLUE will facilitate NLU research in Japanese.
> JGLUE has been constructed by a joint research project of Yahoo Japan Corporation and Kawahara Lab at Waseda University.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
From [the official README.md](https://github.com/yahoojapan/JGLUE#tasksdatasets):
> JGLUE consists of the tasks of text classification, sentence pair classification, and QA. Each task consists of multiple datasets.
#### Supported Tasks
##### MARC-ja
From [the official README.md](https://github.com/yahoojapan/JGLUE#marc-ja):
> MARC-ja is a dataset of the text classification task. This dataset is based on the Japanese portion of [Multilingual Amazon Reviews Corpus (MARC)](https://docs.opendata.aws/amazon-reviews-ml/readme.html) ([Keung+, 2020](https://aclanthology.org/2020.emnlp-main.369/)).
##### JSTS
From [the official README.md](https://github.com/yahoojapan/JGLUE#jsts):
> JSTS is a Japanese version of the STS (Semantic Textual Similarity) dataset. STS is a task to estimate the semantic similarity of a sentence pair. The sentences in JSTS and JNLI (described below) are extracted from the Japanese version of the MS COCO Caption Dataset, [the YJ Captions Dataset](https://github.com/yahoojapan/YJCaptions) ([Miyazaki and Shimizu, 2016](https://aclanthology.org/P16-1168/)).
##### JNLI
From [the official README.md](https://github.com/yahoojapan/JGLUE#jnli):
> JNLI is a Japanese version of the NLI (Natural Language Inference) dataset. NLI is a task to recognize the inference relation that a premise sentence has to a hypothesis sentence. The inference relations are entailment, contradiction, and neutral.
##### JSQuAD
From [the official README.md](https://github.com/yahoojapan/JGLUE#jsquad):
> JSQuAD is a Japanese version of [SQuAD](https://rajpurkar.github.io/SQuAD-explorer/) ([Rajpurkar+, 2018](https://aclanthology.org/P18-2124/)), one of the datasets of reading comprehension. Each instance in the dataset consists of a question regarding a given context (Wikipedia article) and its answer. JSQuAD is based on SQuAD 1.1 (there are no unanswerable questions). We used [the Japanese Wikipedia dump](https://dumps.wikimedia.org/jawiki/) as of 20211101.
##### JCommonsenseQA
From [the official README.md](https://github.com/yahoojapan/JGLUE#jcommonsenseqa):
> JCommonsenseQA is a Japanese version of [CommonsenseQA](https://www.tau-nlp.org/commonsenseqa) ([Talmor+, 2019](https://aclanthology.org/N19-1421/)), which is a multiple-choice question answering dataset that requires commonsense reasoning ability. It is built using crowdsourcing with seeds extracted from the knowledge base [ConceptNet](https://conceptnet.io/).
#### Leaderboard
From [the official README.md](https://github.com/yahoojapan/JGLUE#leaderboard):
> A leaderboard will be made public soon. The test set will be released at that time.
### Languages
The language data in JGLUE is in Japanese ([BCP-47 ja-JP](https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/bcp47)).
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
When loading a specific configuration, users has to append a version dependent suffix:
#### MARC-ja
```python
from datasets import load_dataset
dataset = load_dataset("shunk031/JGLUE", name="MARC-ja")
print(dataset)
# DatasetDict({
# train: Dataset({
# features: ['sentence', 'label', 'review_id'],
# num_rows: 187528
# })
# validation: Dataset({
# features: ['sentence', 'label', 'review_id'],
# num_rows: 5654
# })
# })
```
#### JSTS
```python
from datasets import load_dataset
dataset = load_dataset("shunk031/JGLUE", name="JSTS")
print(dataset)
# DatasetDict({
# train: Dataset({
# features: ['sentence_pair_id', 'yjcaptions_id', 'sentence1', 'sentence2', 'label'],
# num_rows: 12451
# })
# validation: Dataset({
# features: ['sentence_pair_id', 'yjcaptions_id', 'sentence1', 'sentence2', 'label'],
# num_rows: 1457
# })
# })
```
An example of the JSTS dataset looks as follows:
```json
{
"sentence_pair_id": "691",
"yjcaptions_id": "127202-129817-129818",
"sentence1": "街中の道路を大きなバスが走っています。 (A big bus is running on the road in the city.)",
"sentence2": "道路を大きなバスが走っています。 (There is a big bus running on the road.)",
"label": 4.4
}
```
#### JNLI
```python
from datasets import load_dataset
dataset = load_dataset("shunk031/JGLUE", name="JNLI")
print(dataset)
# DatasetDict({
# train: Dataset({
# features: ['sentence_pair_id', 'yjcaptions_id', 'sentence1', 'sentence2', 'label'],
# num_rows: 20073
# })
# validation: Dataset({
# features: ['sentence_pair_id', 'yjcaptions_id', 'sentence1', 'sentence2', 'label'],
# num_rows: 2434
# })
# })
```
An example of the JNLI dataset looks as follows:
```json
{
"sentence_pair_id": "1157",
"yjcaptions_id": "127202-129817-129818",
"sentence1": "街中の道路を大きなバスが走っています。 (A big bus is running on the road in the city.)",
"sentence2": "道路を大きなバスが走っています。 (There is a big bus running on the road.)",
"label": "entailment"
}
```
#### JSQuAD
```python
from datasets import load_dataset
dataset = load_dataset("shunk031/JGLUE", name="JSQuAD")
print(dataset)
# DatasetDict({
# train: Dataset({
# features: ['id', 'title', 'context', 'question', 'answers', 'is_impossible'],
# num_rows: 62859
# })
# validation: Dataset({
# features: ['id', 'title', 'context', 'question', 'answers', 'is_impossible'],
# num_rows: 4442
# })
# })
```
An example of the JSQuAD looks as follows:
```json
{
"id": "a1531320p0q0",
"title": "東海道新幹線",
"context": "東海道新幹線 [SEP] 1987 年（昭和 62 年）4 月 1 日の国鉄分割民営化により、JR 東海が運営を継承した。西日本旅客鉄道（JR 西日本）が継承した山陽新幹線とは相互乗り入れが行われており、東海道新幹線区間のみで運転される列車にも JR 西日本所有の車両が使用されることがある。2020 年（令和 2 年）3 月現在、東京駅 - 新大阪駅間の所要時間は最速 2 時間 21 分、最高速度 285 km/h で運行されている。",
"question": "2020 年（令和 2 年）3 月現在、東京駅 - 新大阪駅間の最高速度はどのくらいか。",
"answers": {
"text": ["285 km/h"],
"answer_start": [182]
},
"is_impossible": false
}
```
#### JCommonsenseQA
```python
from datasets import load_dataset
dataset = load_dataset("shunk031/JGLUE", name="JCommonsenseQA")
print(dataset)
# DatasetDict({
# train: Dataset({
# features: ['q_id', 'question', 'choice0', 'choice1', 'choice2', 'choice3', 'choice4', 'label'],
# num_rows: 8939
# })
# validation: Dataset({
# features: ['q_id', 'question', 'choice0', 'choice1', 'choice2', 'choice3', 'choice4', 'label'],
# num_rows: 1119
# })
# })
```
An example of the JCommonsenseQA looks as follows:
```json
{
"q_id": 3016,
"question": "会社の最高責任者を何というか？ (What do you call the chief executive officer of a company?)",
"choice0": "社長 (president)",
"choice1": "教師 (teacher)",
"choice2": "部長 (manager)",
"choice3": "バイト (part-time worker)",
"choice4": "部下 (subordinate)",
"label": 0
}
```
### Data Fields
#### MARC-ja
- `sentence_pair_id`: ID of the sentence pair
- `yjcaptions_id`: sentence ids in yjcaptions (explained below)
- `sentence1`: first sentence
- `sentence2`: second sentence
- `label`: sentence similarity: 5 (equivalent meaning) - 0 (completely different meaning)
##### Explanation for `yjcaptions_id`
From [the official README.md](https://github.com/yahoojapan/JGLUE#explanation-for-yjcaptions_id), there are the following two cases:
1. sentence pairs in one image: `(image id)-(sentence1 id)-(sentence2 id)`
- e.g., 723-844-847
- a sentence id starting with "g" means a sentence generated by a crowdworker (e.g., 69501-75698-g103): only for JNLI
2. sentence pairs in two images: `(image id of sentence1)_(image id of sentence2)-(sentence1 id)-(sentence2 id)`
- e.g., 91337_217583-96105-91680
#### JNLI
- `sentence_pair_id`: ID of the sentence pair
- `yjcaptions_id`: sentence ids in the yjcaptions
- `sentence1`: premise sentence
- `sentence2`: hypothesis sentence
- `label`: inference relation
#### JSQuAD
- `title`: title of a Wikipedia article
- `paragraphs`: a set of paragraphs
- `qas`: a set of pairs of a question and its answer
- `question`: question
- `id`: id of a question
- `answers`: a set of answers
- `text`: answer text
- `answer_start`: start position (character index)
- `is_impossible`: all the values are false
- `context`: a concatenation of the title and paragraph
#### JCommonsenseQA
- `q_id`: ID of the question
- `question`: question
- `choice{0..4}`: choice
- `label`: correct choice id
### Data Splits
From [the official README.md](https://github.com/yahoojapan/JGLUE/blob/main/README.md#tasksdatasets):
> Only train/dev sets are available now, and the test set will be available after the leaderboard is made public.
| Task | Dataset | Train | Dev | Test |
|------------------------------|----------------|--------:|------:|------:|
| Text Classification | MARC-ja | 187,528 | 5,654 | 5,639 |
| | JCoLA† | - | - | - |
| Sentence Pair Classification | JSTS | 12,451 | 1,457 | 1,589 |
| | JNLI | 20,073 | 2,434 | 2,508 |
| Question Answering | JSQuAD | 62,859 | 4,442 | 4,420 |
| | JCommonsenseQA | 8,939 | 1,119 | 1,118 |
> †JCoLA will be added soon.
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
From [the original paper](https://aclanthology.org/2022.lrec-1.317/):
> JGLUE is designed to cover a wide range of GLUE and SuperGLUE tasks and consists of three kinds of tasks: text classification, sentence pair classification, and question answering.
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the source language producers?
- The source language producers are users of Amazon (MARC-ja), crowd-workers of Yahoo! Crowdsourcing (JSTS, JNLI and JCommonsenseQA), writers of the Japanese Wikipedia (JSQuAD).
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
##### MARC-ja
From [the original paper](https://aclanthology.org/2022.lrec-1.317/):
> As one of the text classification datasets, we build a dataset based on the Multilingual Amazon Reviews Corpus (MARC) (Keung et al., 2020). MARC is a multilingual corpus of product reviews with 5-level star ratings (1-5) on the Amazon shopping site. This corpus covers six languages, including English and Japanese. For JGLUE, we use the Japanese part of MARC and to make it easy for both humans and computers to judge a class label, we cast the text classification task as a binary classification task, where 1- and 2-star ratings are converted to “negative”, and 4 and 5 are converted to “positive”. We do not use reviews with a 3-star rating.
> One of the problems with MARC is that it sometimes contains data where the rating diverges from the review text. This happens, for example, when a review with positive content is given a rating of 1 or 2. These data degrade the quality of our dataset. To improve the quality of the dev/test instances used for evaluation, we crowdsource a positive/negative judgment task for approximately 12,000 reviews. We adopt only reviews with the same votes from 7 or more out of 10 workers and assign a label of the maximum votes to these reviews. We divide the resulting reviews into dev/test data.
> We obtained 5,654 and 5,639 instances for the dev and test data, respectively, through the above procedure. For the training data, we extracted 187,528 instances directly from MARC without performing the cleaning procedure because of the large number of training instances. The statistics of MARC-ja are listed in Table 2. For the evaluation metric for MARC-ja, we use accuracy because it is a binary classification task of texts.
##### JSTS and JNLI
From [the original paper](https://aclanthology.org/2022.lrec-1.317/):
> For the sentence pair classification datasets, we construct a semantic textual similarity (STS) dataset, JSTS, and a natural language inference (NLI) dataset, JNLI.
> ### Overview
> STS is a task of estimating the semantic similarity of a sentence pair. Gold similarity is usually assigned as an average of the integer values 0 (completely different meaning) to 5 (equivalent meaning) assigned by multiple workers through crowdsourcing.
> NLI is a task of recognizing the inference relation that a premise sentence has to a hypothesis sentence. Inference relations are generally defined by three labels: “entailment”, “contradiction”, and “neutral”. Gold inference relations are often assigned by majority voting after collecting answers from multiple workers through crowdsourcing.
> For the STS and NLI tasks, STS-B (Cer et al., 2017) and MultiNLI (Williams et al., 2018) are included in GLUE, respectively. As Japanese datasets, JSNLI (Yoshikoshi et al., 2020) is a machine translated dataset of the NLI dataset SNLI (Stanford NLI), and JSICK (Yanaka and Mineshima, 2021) is a human translated dataset of the STS/NLI dataset SICK (Marelli et al., 2014). As mentioned in Section 1, these have problems originating from automatic/manual translations. To solve this problem, we construct STS/NLI datasets in Japanese from scratch. We basically extract sentence pairs in JSTS and JNLI from the Japanese version of the MS COCO Caption Dataset (Chen et al., 2015), the YJ Captions Dataset (Miyazaki and Shimizu, 2016). Most of the sentence pairs in JSTS and JNLI overlap, allowing us to analyze the relationship between similarities and inference relations for the same sentence pairs like SICK and JSICK.
> The similarity value in JSTS is assigned a real number from 0 to 5 as in STS-B. The inference relation in JNLI is assigned from the above three labels as in SNLI and MultiNLI. The definitions of the inference relations are also based on SNLI.
> ### Method of Construction
> Our construction flow for JSTS and JNLI is shown in Figure 1. Basically, two captions for the same image of YJ Captions are used as sentence pairs. For these sentence pairs, similarities and NLI relations of entailment and neutral are obtained by crowdsourcing. However, it is difficult to collect sentence pairs with low similarity and contradiction relations from captions for the same image. To solve this problem, we collect sentence pairs with low similarity from captions for different images. We collect contradiction relations by asking workers to write contradictory sentences for a given caption.
> The detailed construction procedure for JSTS and JNLI is described below.
> 1. We crowdsource an STS task using two captions for the same image from YJ Captions. We ask five workers to answer the similarity between two captions and take the mean value as the gold similarity. We delete sentence pairs with a large variance in the answers because such pairs have poor answer quality. We performed this task on 16,000 sentence pairs and deleted sentence pairs with a similarity variance of 1.0 or higher, resulting in the collection of 10,236 sentence pairs with gold similarity. We refer to this collected data as JSTS-A.
> 2. To collect sentence pairs with low similarity, we crowdsource the same STS task as Step 1 using sentence pairs of captions for different images. We conducted this task on 4,000 sentence pairs and collected 2,970 sentence pairs with gold similarity. We refer to this collected data as JSTS-B.
> 3. For JSTS-A, we crowdsource an NLI task. Since inference relations are directional, we obtain inference relations in both directions for sentence pairs. As mentioned earlier,it is difficult to collect instances of contradiction from JSTS-A, which was collected from the captions of the same images,and thus we collect instances of entailment and neutral in this step. We collect inference relation answers from 10 workers. If six or more people give the same answer, we adopt it as the gold label if it is entailment or neutral. To obtain inference relations in both directions for JSTS-A, we performed this task on 20,472 sentence pairs, twice as many as JSTS-A. As a result, we collected inference relations for 17,501 sentence pairs. We refer to this collected data as JNLI-A. We do not use JSTS-B for the NLI task because it is difficult to define and determine the inference relations between captions of different images.
> 4. To collect NLI instances of contradiction, we crowdsource a task of writing four contradictory sentences for each caption in YJCaptions. From the written sentences, we remove sentence pairs with an edit distance of 0.75 or higher to remove low-quality sentences, such as short sentences and sentences with low relevance to the original sentence. Furthermore, we perform a one-way NLI task with 10 workers to verify whether the created sentence pairs are contradictory. Only the sentence pairs answered as contradiction by at least six workers are adopted. Finally,since the contradiction relation has no direction, we automatically assign contradiction in the opposite direction of the adopted sentence pairs. Using 1,800 captions, we acquired 7,200 sentence pairs, from which we collected 3,779 sentence pairs to which we assigned the one-way contradiction relation.By automatically assigning the contradiction relation in the opposite direction, we doubled the number of instances to 7,558. We refer to this collected data as JNLI-C.
> 5. For the 3,779 sentence pairs collected in Step 4, we crowdsource an STS task, assigning similarity and filtering in the same way as in Steps1 and 2. In this way, we collected 2,303 sentence pairs with gold similarity from 3,779 pairs. We refer to this collected data as JSTS-C.
##### JSQuAD
From [the original paper](https://aclanthology.org/2022.lrec-1.317/):
> As QA datasets, we build a Japanese version of SQuAD (Rajpurkar et al., 2016), one of the datasets of reading comprehension, and a Japanese version ofCommonsenseQA, which is explained in the next section.
> Reading comprehension is the task of reading a document and answering questions about it. Many reading comprehension evaluation sets have been built in English, followed by those in other languages or multilingual ones.
> In Japanese, reading comprehension datasets for quizzes (Suzukietal.,2018) and those in the drivingdomain (Takahashi et al., 2019) have been built, but none are in the general domain. We use Wikipedia to build a dataset for the general domain. The construction process is basically based on SQuAD 1.1 (Rajpurkar et al., 2016).
> First, to extract high-quality articles from Wikipedia, we use Nayuki, which estimates the quality of articles on the basis of hyperlinks in Wikipedia. We randomly chose 822 articles from the top-ranked 10,000 articles. For example, the articles include “熊本県 (Kumamoto Prefecture)” and “フランス料理 (French cuisine)”. Next, we divide an article into paragraphs, present each paragraph to crowdworkers, and ask them to write questions and answers that can be answered if one understands the paragraph. Figure 2 shows an example of JSQuAD. We ask workers to write two additional answers for the dev and test sets to make the system evaluation robust.
##### JCommonsenseQA
From [the original paper](https://aclanthology.org/2022.lrec-1.317/):
> ### Overview
> JCommonsenseQA is a Japanese version of CommonsenseQA (Talmor et al., 2019), which consists of five choice QA to evaluate commonsense reasoning ability. Figure 3 shows examples of JCommonsenseQA. In the same way as CommonsenseQA, JCommonsenseQA is built using crowdsourcing with seeds extracted from the knowledge base ConceptNet (Speer et al., 2017). ConceptNet is a multilingual knowledge base that consists of triplets of two concepts and their relation. The triplets are directional and represented as (source concept, relation, target concept), for example (bullet train, AtLocation, station).
> ### Method of Construction
> The construction flow for JCommonsenseQA is shown in Figure 4. First, we collect question sets (QSs) from ConceptNet, each of which consists of a source concept and three target concepts that have the same relation to the source concept. Next, for each QS, we crowdAtLocation 2961source a task of writing a question with only one target concept as the answer and a task of adding two distractors. We describe the detailed construction procedure for JCommonsenseQA below, showing how it differs from CommonsenseQA.
> 1. We collect Japanese QSs from ConceptNet. CommonsenseQA uses only forward relations (source concept, relation, target concept) excluding general ones such as “RelatedTo” and “IsA”. JCommonsenseQA similarly uses a set of 22 relations5, excluding general ones, but the direction of the relations is bidirectional to make the questions more diverse. In other words, we also use relations in the opposite direction (source concept, relation−1, target concept).6 With this setup, we extracted 43,566 QSs with Japanese source/target concepts and randomly selected 7,500 from them.
> 2. Some low-quality questions in CommonsenseQA contain distractors that can be considered to be an answer. To improve the quality of distractors, we add the following two processes that are not adopted in CommonsenseQA. First, if three target concepts of a QS include a spelling variation or a synonym of one another, this QS is removed. To identify spelling variations, we use the word ID of the morphological dictionary Juman Dic7. Second, we crowdsource a task of judging whether target concepts contain a synonym. As a result, we adopted 5,920 QSs from 7,500.
> 3. For each QS, we crowdsource a task of writing a question sentence in which only one from the three target concepts is an answer. In the example shown in Figure 4, “駅 (station)” is an answer, and the others are distractors. To remove low quality question sentences, we remove the following question sentences.
> - Question sentences that contain a choice word(this is because such a question is easily solved).
> - Question sentences that contain the expression “XX characters”.8 (XX is a number).
> - Improperly formatted question sentences that do not end with “?”.
> - As a result, 5,920 × 3 = 17,760question sentences were created, from which we adopted 15,310 by removing inappropriate question sentences.
> 4. In CommonsenseQA, when adding distractors, one is selected from ConceptNet, and the other is created by crowdsourcing. In JCommonsenseQA, to have a wider variety of distractors, two distractors are created by crowdsourcing instead of selecting from ConceptNet. To improve the quality of the questions9, we remove questions whose added distractors fall into one of the following categories:
> - Distractors are included in a question sentence.
> - Distractors overlap with one of existing choices.
> - As a result, distractors were added to the 15,310 questions, of which we adopted 13,906.
> 5. We asked three crowdworkers to answer each question and adopt only those answered correctly by at least two workers. As a result, we adopted 11,263 out of the 13,906 questions.
#### Who are the annotators?
From [the official README.md](https://github.com/yahoojapan/JGLUE/blob/main/README.md#tasksdatasets):
> We use Yahoo! Crowdsourcing for all crowdsourcing tasks in constructing the datasets.
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
From [the original paper](https://aclanthology.org/2022.lrec-1.317/):
> We build a Japanese NLU benchmark, JGLUE, from scratch without translation to measure the general NLU ability in Japanese. We hope that JGLUE will facilitate NLU research in Japanese.
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
- 日本語言語理解ベンチマーク JGLUE の構築 〜 自然言語処理モデルの評価用データセットを公開しました - Yahoo! JAPAN Tech Blog https://techblog.yahoo.co.jp/entry/2022122030379907/
### Dataset Curators
#### MARC-ja
- Keung, Phillip, et al. "The Multilingual Amazon Reviews Corpus." Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP). 2020.
#### JSTS and JNLI
- Miyazaki, Takashi, and Nobuyuki Shimizu. "Cross-lingual image caption generation." Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers). 2016.
#### JSQuAD
The authors curated the original data for JSQuAD from the Japanese wikipedia dump.
#### JCommonsenseQA
In the same way as CommonsenseQA, JCommonsenseQA is built using crowdsourcing with seeds extracted from the knowledge base ConceptNet
### Licensing Information
> This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
### Citation Information
```bibtex
@inproceedings{kurihara-etal-2022-jglue,
title = "{JGLUE}: {J}apanese General Language Understanding Evaluation",
author = "Kurihara, Kentaro and
Kawahara, Daisuke and
Shibata, Tomohide",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the Thirteenth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference",
month = jun,
year = "2022",
address = "Marseille, France",
publisher = "European Language Resources Association",
url = "https://aclanthology.org/2022.lrec-1.317",
pages = "2957--2966",
abstract = "To develop high-performance natural language understanding (NLU) models, it is necessary to have a benchmark to evaluate and analyze NLU ability from various perspectives. While the English NLU benchmark, GLUE, has been the forerunner, benchmarks are now being released for languages other than English, such as CLUE for Chinese and FLUE for French; but there is no such benchmark for Japanese. We build a Japanese NLU benchmark, JGLUE, from scratch without translation to measure the general NLU ability in Japanese. We hope that JGLUE will facilitate NLU research in Japanese.",
}
```
```bibtex
@InProceedings{Kurihara_nlp2022,
author = "栗原健太郎 and 河原大輔 and 柴田知秀",
title = "JGLUE: 日本語言語理解ベンチマーク",
booktitle = "言語処理学会第 28 回年次大会",
year = "2022",
url = "https://www.anlp.jp/proceedings/annual_meeting/2022/pdf_dir/E8-4.pdf"
note= "in Japanese"
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [Kentaro Kurihara](https://twitter.com/kkurihara_cs), [Daisuke Kawahara](https://twitter.com/daisukekawahar1), and [Tomohide Shibata](https://twitter.com/stomohide) for creating this dataset.
|
false |
# Dataset Card for "wikitext"
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [https://blog.einstein.ai/the-wikitext-long-term-dependency-language-modeling-dataset/](https://blog.einstein.ai/the-wikitext-long-term-dependency-language-modeling-dataset/)
- **Repository:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Paper:** [Pointer Sentinel Mixture Models](https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.07843)
- **Point of Contact:** [Stephen Merity](mailto:smerity@salesforce.com)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 391.41 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.12 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 1.52 GB
### Dataset Summary
The WikiText language modeling dataset is a collection of over 100 million tokens extracted from the set of verified
Good and Featured articles on Wikipedia. The dataset is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.
Compared to the preprocessed version of Penn Treebank (PTB), WikiText-2 is over 2 times larger and WikiText-103 is over
110 times larger. The WikiText dataset also features a far larger vocabulary and retains the original case, punctuation
and numbers - all of which are removed in PTB. As it is composed of full articles, the dataset is well suited for models
that can take advantage of long term dependencies.
Each subset comes in two different variants:
- Raw (for character level work) contain the raw tokens, before the addition of the <unk> (unknown) tokens.
- Non-raw (for word level work) contain only the tokens in their vocabulary (wiki.train.tokens, wiki.valid.tokens, and wiki.test.tokens).
The out-of-vocabulary tokens have been replaced with the the <unk> token.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Languages
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
#### wikitext-103-raw-v1
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 191.98 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 549.42 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 741.41 MB
An example of 'validation' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"text": "\" The gold dollar or gold one @-@ dollar piece was a coin struck as a regular issue by the United States Bureau of the Mint from..."
}
```
#### wikitext-103-v1
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 190.23 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 548.05 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 738.27 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"text": "\" Senjō no Valkyria 3 : <unk> Chronicles ( Japanese : 戦場のヴァルキュリア3 , lit . Valkyria of the Battlefield 3 ) , commonly referred to..."
}
```
#### wikitext-2-raw-v1
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 4.72 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 13.54 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 18.26 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"text": "\" The Sinclair Scientific Programmable was introduced in 1975 , with the same case as the Sinclair Oxford . It was larger than t..."
}
```
#### wikitext-2-v1
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 4.48 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 13.34 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 17.82 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"text": "\" Senjō no Valkyria 3 : <unk> Chronicles ( Japanese : 戦場のヴァルキュリア3 , lit . Valkyria of the Battlefield 3 ) , commonly referred to..."
}
```
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all splits.
#### wikitext-103-raw-v1
- `text`: a `string` feature.
#### wikitext-103-v1
- `text`: a `string` feature.
#### wikitext-2-raw-v1
- `text`: a `string` feature.
#### wikitext-2-v1
- `text`: a `string` feature.
### Data Splits
| name | train |validation|test|
|-------------------|------:|---------:|---:|
|wikitext-103-raw-v1|1801350| 3760|4358|
|wikitext-103-v1 |1801350| 3760|4358|
|wikitext-2-raw-v1 | 36718| 3760|4358|
|wikitext-2-v1 | 36718| 3760|4358|
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Licensing Information
The dataset is available under the [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License (CC BY-SA 4.0)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).
### Citation Information
```
@misc{merity2016pointer,
title={Pointer Sentinel Mixture Models},
author={Stephen Merity and Caiming Xiong and James Bradbury and Richard Socher},
year={2016},
eprint={1609.07843},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.CL}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@thomwolf](https://github.com/thomwolf), [@lewtun](https://github.com/lewtun), [@patrickvonplaten](https://github.com/patrickvonplaten), [@mariamabarham](https://github.com/mariamabarham) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for Flores 200
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Card for Flores 200](#dataset-card-for-flores-200)
- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
## Dataset Description
- **Home:** [Flores](https://github.com/facebookresearch/flores)
- **Repository:** [Github](https://github.com/facebookresearch/flores)
### Dataset Summary
FLORES is a benchmark dataset for machine translation between English and low-resource languages.
>The creation of FLORES-200 doubles the existing language coverage of FLORES-101.
Given the nature of the new languages, which have less standardization and require
more specialized professional translations, the verification process became more complex.
This required modifications to the translation workflow. FLORES-200 has several languages
which were not translated from English. Specifically, several languages were translated
from Spanish, French, Russian and Modern Standard Arabic. Moreover, FLORES-200 also
includes two script alternatives for four languages. FLORES-200 consists of translations
from 842 distinct web articles, totaling 3001 sentences. These sentences are divided
into three splits: dev, devtest, and test (hidden). On average, sentences are approximately
21 words long.
**Disclaimer**: *The Flores-200 dataset is hosted by the Facebook and licensed under the [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
#### Multilingual Machine Translation
Refer to the [Dynabench leaderboard](https://dynabench.org/flores/Flores%20MT%20Evaluation%20(FULL)) for additional details on model evaluation on FLORES-101 in the context of the WMT2021 shared task on [Large-Scale Multilingual Machine Translation](http://www.statmt.org/wmt21/large-scale-multilingual-translation-task.html). Flores 200 is an extention of this.
### Languages
The dataset contains parallel sentences for 200 languages, as mentioned in the original [Github](https://github.com/facebookresearch/flores/blob/master/README.md) page for the project. Languages are identified with the ISO 639-3 code (e.g. `eng`, `fra`, `rus`) plus an additional code describing the script (e.g., "eng_Latn", "ukr_Cyrl"). See [the webpage for code descriptions](https://github.com/facebookresearch/flores/blob/main/flores200/README.md).
Use the configuration `all` to access the full set of parallel sentences for all the available languages in a single command.
Use a hyphenated pairing to get two langauges in one datapoint (e.g., "eng_Latn-ukr_Cyrl" will provide sentences in the format below).
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
A sample from the `dev` split for the Ukrainian language (`ukr_Cyrl` config) is provided below. All configurations have the same structure, and all sentences are aligned across configurations and splits.
```python
{
'id': 1,
'sentence': 'У понеділок, науковці зі Школи медицини Стенфордського університету оголосили про винайдення нового діагностичного інструменту, що може сортувати клітини за їх видами: це малесенький друкований чіп, який можна виготовити за допомогою стандартних променевих принтерів десь по одному центу США за штуку.',
'URL': 'https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Scientists_say_new_medical_diagnostic_chip_can_sort_cells_anywhere_with_an_inkjet',
'domain': 'wikinews',
'topic': 'health',
'has_image': 0,
'has_hyperlink': 0
}
```
When using a hyphenated pairing or using the `all` function, data will be presented as follows:
```python
{
'id': 1,
'URL': 'https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Scientists_say_new_medical_diagnostic_chip_can_sort_cells_anywhere_with_an_inkjet',
'domain': 'wikinews',
'topic': 'health',
'has_image': 0,
'has_hyperlink': 0,
'sentence_eng_Latn': 'On Monday, scientists from the Stanford University School of Medicine announced the invention of a new diagnostic tool that can sort cells by type: a tiny printable chip that can be manufactured using standard inkjet printers for possibly about one U.S. cent each.',
'sentence_ukr_Cyrl': 'У понеділок, науковці зі Школи медицини Стенфордського університету оголосили про винайдення нового діагностичного інструменту, що може сортувати клітини за їх видами: це малесенький друкований чіп, який можна виготовити за допомогою стандартних променевих принтерів десь по одному центу США за штуку.'
}
```
The text is provided as-in the original dataset, without further preprocessing or tokenization.
### Data Fields
- `id`: Row number for the data entry, starting at 1.
- `sentence`: The full sentence in the specific language (may have _lang for pairings)
- `URL`: The URL for the English article from which the sentence was extracted.
- `domain`: The domain of the sentence.
- `topic`: The topic of the sentence.
- `has_image`: Whether the original article contains an image.
- `has_hyperlink`: Whether the sentence contains a hyperlink.
### Data Splits
| config| `dev`| `devtest`|
|-----------------:|-----:|---------:|
|all configurations| 997| 1012:|
### Dataset Creation
Please refer to the original article [No Language Left Behind: Scaling Human-Centered Machine Translation](https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.04672) for additional information on dataset creation.
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
See paper for details.
### Licensing Information
Licensed with Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 4.0. License available [here](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).
### Citation Information
Please cite the authors if you use these corpora in your work:
```bibtex
@article{nllb2022,
author = {NLLB Team, Marta R. Costa-jussà, James Cross, Onur Çelebi, Maha Elbayad, Kenneth Heafield, Kevin Heffernan, Elahe Kalbassi, Janice Lam, Daniel Licht, Jean Maillard, Anna Sun, Skyler Wang, Guillaume Wenzek, Al Youngblood, Bapi Akula, Loic Barrault, Gabriel Mejia Gonzalez, Prangthip Hansanti, John Hoffman, Semarley Jarrett, Kaushik Ram Sadagopan, Dirk Rowe, Shannon Spruit, Chau Tran, Pierre Andrews, Necip Fazil Ayan, Shruti Bhosale, Sergey Edunov, Angela Fan, Cynthia Gao, Vedanuj Goswami, Francisco Guzmán, Philipp Koehn, Alexandre Mourachko, Christophe Ropers, Safiyyah Saleem, Holger Schwenk, Jeff Wang},
title = {No Language Left Behind: Scaling Human-Centered Machine Translation},
year = {2022}
}
```
Please also cite prior work that this dataset builds on:
```bibtex
@inproceedings{,
title={The FLORES-101 Evaluation Benchmark for Low-Resource and Multilingual Machine Translation},
author={Goyal, Naman and Gao, Cynthia and Chaudhary, Vishrav and Chen, Peng-Jen and Wenzek, Guillaume and Ju, Da and Krishnan, Sanjana and Ranzato, Marc'Aurelio and Guzm\'{a}n, Francisco and Fan, Angela},
year={2021}
}
```
```bibtex
@inproceedings{,
title={Two New Evaluation Datasets for Low-Resource Machine Translation: Nepali-English and Sinhala-English},
author={Guzm\'{a}n, Francisco and Chen, Peng-Jen and Ott, Myle and Pino, Juan and Lample, Guillaume and Koehn, Philipp and Chaudhary, Vishrav and Ranzato, Marc'Aurelio},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1902.01382},
year={2019}
}
``` |
false |
# Dataset Card for "Physical Interaction: Question Answering"
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [PIQA homepage](https://yonatanbisk.com/piqa/)
- **Paper:** [PIQA: Reasoning about Physical Commonsense in Natural Language](https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.11641)
- **Leaderboard:** [Official leaderboard](https://yonatanbisk.com/piqa/) *Note that there is a [2nd leaderboard](https://leaderboard.allenai.org/physicaliqa) featuring a different (blind) test set with 3,446 examples as part of the Machine Commonsense DARPA project.*
- **Point of Contact:** [Yonatan Bisk](https://yonatanbisk.com/piqa/)
### Dataset Summary
*To apply eyeshadow without a brush, should I use a cotton swab or a toothpick?*
Questions requiring this kind of physical commonsense pose a challenge to state-of-the-art
natural language understanding systems. The PIQA dataset introduces the task of physical commonsense reasoning
and a corresponding benchmark dataset Physical Interaction: Question Answering or PIQA.
Physical commonsense knowledge is a major challenge on the road to true AI-completeness,
including robots that interact with the world and understand natural language.
PIQA focuses on everyday situations with a preference for atypical solutions.
The dataset is inspired by instructables.com, which provides users with instructions on how to build, craft,
bake, or manipulate objects using everyday materials.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
The underlying task is formualted as multiple choice question answering: given a question `q` and two possible solutions `s1`, `s2`, a model or a human must choose the most appropriate solution, of which exactly one is correct.
### Languages
The text in the dataset is in English. The associated BCP-47 code is `en`.
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
An example looks like this:
```
{
"goal": "How do I ready a guinea pig cage for it's new occupants?",
"sol1": "Provide the guinea pig with a cage full of a few inches of bedding made of ripped paper strips, you will also need to supply it with a water bottle and a food dish.",
"sol2": "Provide the guinea pig with a cage full of a few inches of bedding made of ripped jeans material, you will also need to supply it with a water bottle and a food dish.",
"label": 0,
}
```
Note that the test set contains no labels. Predictions need to be submitted to the leaderboard.
### Data Fields
List and describe the fields present in the dataset. Mention their data type, and whether they are used as input or output in any of the tasks the dataset currently supports. If the data has span indices, describe their attributes, such as whether they are at the character level or word level, whether they are contiguous or not, etc. If the datasets contains example IDs, state whether they have an inherent meaning, such as a mapping to other datasets or pointing to relationships between data points.
- `goal`: the question which requires physical commonsense to be answered correctly
- `sol1`: the first solution
- `sol2`: the second solution
- `label`: the correct solution. `0` refers to `sol1` and `1` refers to `sol2`
### Data Splits
The dataset contains 16,000 examples for training, 2,000 for development and 3,000 for testing.
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
The goal of the dataset is to construct a resource that requires concrete physical reasoning.
### Source Data
The authors provide a prompt to the annotators derived from instructables.com. The instructables website is a crowdsourced collection of instruc- tions for doing everything from cooking to car repair. In most cases, users provide images or videos detailing each step and a list of tools that will be required. Most goals are simultaneously rare and unsurprising. While an annotator is unlikely to have built a UV-Flourescent steampunk lamp or made a backpack out of duct tape, it is not surprising that someone interested in home crafting would create these, nor will the tools and materials be unfamiliar to the average person. Using these examples as the seed for their annotation, helps remind annotators about the less prototypical uses of everyday objects. Second, and equally important, is that instructions build on one another. This means that any QA pair inspired by an instructable is more likely to explicitly state assumptions about what preconditions need to be met to start the task and what postconditions define success.
Annotators were asked to glance at the instructions of an instructable and pull out or have it inspire them to construct two component tasks. They would then articulate the goal (often centered on atypical materials) and how to achieve it. In addition, annotaters were asked to provide a permutation to their own solution which makes it invalid (the negative solution), often subtly.
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
During validation, examples with low agreement were removed from the data.
The dataset is further cleaned to remove stylistic artifacts and trivial examples from the data, which have been shown to artificially inflate model performance on previous NLI benchmarks.using the AFLite algorithm introduced in ([Sakaguchi et al. 2020](https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.10641); [Sap et al. 2019](https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.09728)) which is an improvement on adversarial filtering ([Zellers et al, 2018](https://arxiv.org/abs/1808.05326)).
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed]
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
Annotations are by construction obtained when crowdsourcers complete the prompt.
#### Who are the annotators?
Paid crowdsourcers
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed]
### Licensing Information
Unknown
### Citation Information
```
@inproceedings{Bisk2020,
author = {Yonatan Bisk and Rowan Zellers and
Ronan Le Bras and Jianfeng Gao
and Yejin Choi},
title = {PIQA: Reasoning about Physical Commonsense in
Natural Language},
booktitle = {Thirty-Fourth AAAI Conference on
Artificial Intelligence},
year = {2020},
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@VictorSanh](https://github.com/VictorSanh) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for "sciq"
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [https://allenai.org/data/sciq](https://allenai.org/data/sciq)
- **Repository:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Paper:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 2.82 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 7.68 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 10.50 MB
### Dataset Summary
The SciQ dataset contains 13,679 crowdsourced science exam questions about Physics, Chemistry and Biology, among others. The questions are in multiple-choice format with 4 answer options each. For the majority of the questions, an additional paragraph with supporting evidence for the correct answer is provided.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Languages
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
#### default
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 2.82 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 7.68 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 10.50 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"correct_answer": "coriolis effect",
"distractor1": "muon effect",
"distractor2": "centrifugal effect",
"distractor3": "tropical effect",
"question": "What phenomenon makes global winds blow northeast to southwest or the reverse in the northern hemisphere and northwest to southeast or the reverse in the southern hemisphere?",
"support": "\"Without Coriolis Effect the global winds would blow north to south or south to north. But Coriolis makes them blow northeast to..."
}
```
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all splits.
#### default
- `question`: a `string` feature.
- `distractor3`: a `string` feature.
- `distractor1`: a `string` feature.
- `distractor2`: a `string` feature.
- `correct_answer`: a `string` feature.
- `support`: a `string` feature.
### Data Splits
| name |train|validation|test|
|-------|----:|---------:|---:|
|default|11679| 1000|1000|
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Licensing Information
The dataset is licensed under the [Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/).
### Citation Information
```
@inproceedings{SciQ,
title={Crowdsourcing Multiple Choice Science Questions},
author={Johannes Welbl, Nelson F. Liu, Matt Gardner},
year={2017},
journal={arXiv:1707.06209v1}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@patrickvonplaten](https://github.com/patrickvonplaten), [@lewtun](https://github.com/lewtun), [@thomwolf](https://github.com/thomwolf) for adding this dataset. |
true |
# Dataset Card for "super_glue"
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [https://github.com/google-research-datasets/boolean-questions](https://github.com/google-research-datasets/boolean-questions)
- **Repository:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Paper:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 58.36 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 249.57 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 307.94 MB
### Dataset Summary
SuperGLUE (https://super.gluebenchmark.com/) is a new benchmark styled after
GLUE with a new set of more difficult language understanding tasks, improved
resources, and a new public leaderboard.
BoolQ (Boolean Questions, Clark et al., 2019a) is a QA task where each example consists of a short
passage and a yes/no question about the passage. The questions are provided anonymously and
unsolicited by users of the Google search engine, and afterwards paired with a paragraph from a
Wikipedia article containing the answer. Following the original work, we evaluate with accuracy.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Languages
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
#### axb
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.03 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.24 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.27 MB
An example of 'test' looks as follows.
```
```
#### axg
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.01 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.05 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.06 MB
An example of 'test' looks as follows.
```
```
#### boolq
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 4.12 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 10.40 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 14.52 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
```
#### cb
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.07 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.20 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.28 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
```
#### copa
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.04 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.13 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.17 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
```
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all splits.
#### axb
- `sentence1`: a `string` feature.
- `sentence2`: a `string` feature.
- `idx`: a `int32` feature.
- `label`: a classification label, with possible values including `entailment` (0), `not_entailment` (1).
#### axg
- `premise`: a `string` feature.
- `hypothesis`: a `string` feature.
- `idx`: a `int32` feature.
- `label`: a classification label, with possible values including `entailment` (0), `not_entailment` (1).
#### boolq
- `question`: a `string` feature.
- `passage`: a `string` feature.
- `idx`: a `int32` feature.
- `label`: a classification label, with possible values including `False` (0), `True` (1).
#### cb
- `premise`: a `string` feature.
- `hypothesis`: a `string` feature.
- `idx`: a `int32` feature.
- `label`: a classification label, with possible values including `entailment` (0), `contradiction` (1), `neutral` (2).
#### copa
- `premise`: a `string` feature.
- `choice1`: a `string` feature.
- `choice2`: a `string` feature.
- `question`: a `string` feature.
- `idx`: a `int32` feature.
- `label`: a classification label, with possible values including `choice1` (0), `choice2` (1).
### Data Splits
#### axb
| |test|
|---|---:|
|axb|1104|
#### axg
| |test|
|---|---:|
|axg| 356|
#### boolq
| |train|validation|test|
|-----|----:|---------:|---:|
|boolq| 9427| 3270|3245|
#### cb
| |train|validation|test|
|---|----:|---------:|---:|
|cb | 250| 56| 250|
#### copa
| |train|validation|test|
|----|----:|---------:|---:|
|copa| 400| 100| 500|
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Licensing Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Citation Information
```
@inproceedings{clark2019boolq,
title={BoolQ: Exploring the Surprising Difficulty of Natural Yes/No Questions},
author={Clark, Christopher and Lee, Kenton and Chang, Ming-Wei, and Kwiatkowski, Tom and Collins, Michael, and Toutanova, Kristina},
booktitle={NAACL},
year={2019}
}
@article{wang2019superglue,
title={SuperGLUE: A Stickier Benchmark for General-Purpose Language Understanding Systems},
author={Wang, Alex and Pruksachatkun, Yada and Nangia, Nikita and Singh, Amanpreet and Michael, Julian and Hill, Felix and Levy, Omer and Bowman, Samuel R},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1905.00537},
year={2019}
}
Note that each SuperGLUE dataset has its own citation. Please see the source to
get the correct citation for each contained dataset.
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@thomwolf](https://github.com/thomwolf), [@lewtun](https://github.com/lewtun), [@patrickvonplaten](https://github.com/patrickvonplaten) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for MMLU
## Table of Contents
- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Repository**: https://github.com/hendrycks/test
- **Paper**: https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.03300
### Dataset Summary
[Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.03300) by [Dan Hendrycks](https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~hendrycks/), [Collin Burns](http://collinpburns.com), [Steven Basart](https://stevenbas.art), Andy Zou, Mantas Mazeika, [Dawn Song](https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~dawnsong/), and [Jacob Steinhardt](https://www.stat.berkeley.edu/~jsteinhardt/) (ICLR 2021).
This is a massive multitask test consisting of multiple-choice questions from various branches of knowledge. The test spans subjects in the humanities, social sciences, hard sciences, and other areas that are important for some people to learn. This covers 57 tasks including elementary mathematics, US history, computer science, law, and more. To attain high accuracy on this test, models must possess extensive world knowledge and problem solving ability.
A complete list of tasks: ['abstract_algebra', 'anatomy', 'astronomy', 'business_ethics', 'clinical_knowledge', 'college_biology', 'college_chemistry', 'college_computer_science', 'college_mathematics', 'college_medicine', 'college_physics', 'computer_security', 'conceptual_physics', 'econometrics', 'electrical_engineering', 'elementary_mathematics', 'formal_logic', 'global_facts', 'high_school_biology', 'high_school_chemistry', 'high_school_computer_science', 'high_school_european_history', 'high_school_geography', 'high_school_government_and_politics', 'high_school_macroeconomics', 'high_school_mathematics', 'high_school_microeconomics', 'high_school_physics', 'high_school_psychology', 'high_school_statistics', 'high_school_us_history', 'high_school_world_history', 'human_aging', 'human_sexuality', 'international_law', 'jurisprudence', 'logical_fallacies', 'machine_learning', 'management', 'marketing', 'medical_genetics', 'miscellaneous', 'moral_disputes', 'moral_scenarios', 'nutrition', 'philosophy', 'prehistory', 'professional_accounting', 'professional_law', 'professional_medicine', 'professional_psychology', 'public_relations', 'security_studies', 'sociology', 'us_foreign_policy', 'virology', 'world_religions']
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
| Model | Authors | Humanities | Social Science | STEM | Other | Average |
|------------------------------------|----------|:-------:|:-------:|:-------:|:-------:|:-------:|
| [UnifiedQA](https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.00700) | Khashabi et al., 2020 | 45.6 | 56.6 | 40.2 | 54.6 | 48.9
| [GPT-3](https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.14165) (few-shot) | Brown et al., 2020 | 40.8 | 50.4 | 36.7 | 48.8 | 43.9
| [GPT-2](https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.14165) | Radford et al., 2019 | 32.8 | 33.3 | 30.2 | 33.1 | 32.4
| Random Baseline | N/A | 25.0 | 25.0 | 25.0 | 25.0 | 25.0 | 25.0
### Languages
English
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
An example from anatomy subtask looks as follows:
```
{
"question": "What is the embryological origin of the hyoid bone?",
"choices": ["The first pharyngeal arch", "The first and second pharyngeal arches", "The second pharyngeal arch", "The second and third pharyngeal arches"],
"answer": "D"
}
```
### Data Fields
- `question`: a string feature
- `choices`: a list of 4 string features
- `answer`: a ClassLabel feature
### Data Splits
- `auxiliary_train`: auxiliary multiple-choice training questions from ARC, MC_TEST, OBQA, RACE, etc.
- `dev`: 5 examples per subtask, meant for few-shot setting
- `test`: there are at least 100 examples per subtask
| | auxiliary_train | dev | val | test |
| ----- | :------: | :-----: | :-----: | :-----: |
| TOTAL | 99842 | 285 | 1531 | 14042
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
Transformer models have driven this recent progress by pretraining on massive text corpora, including all of Wikipedia, thousands of books, and numerous websites. These models consequently see extensive information about specialized topics, most of which is not assessed by existing NLP benchmarks. To bridge the gap between the wide-ranging knowledge that models see during pretraining and the existing measures of success, we introduce a new benchmark for assessing models across a diverse set of subjects that humans learn.
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed]
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed]
### Licensing Information
[MIT License](https://github.com/hendrycks/test/blob/master/LICENSE)
### Citation Information
If you find this useful in your research, please consider citing the test and also the [ETHICS](https://arxiv.org/abs/2008.02275) dataset it draws from:
```
@article{hendryckstest2021,
title={Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding},
author={Dan Hendrycks and Collin Burns and Steven Basart and Andy Zou and Mantas Mazeika and Dawn Song and Jacob Steinhardt},
journal={Proceedings of the International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)},
year={2021}
}
@article{hendrycks2021ethics,
title={Aligning AI With Shared Human Values},
author={Dan Hendrycks and Collin Burns and Steven Basart and Andrew Critch and Jerry Li and Dawn Song and Jacob Steinhardt},
journal={Proceedings of the International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)},
year={2021}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@andyzoujm](https://github.com/andyzoujm) for adding this dataset.
|
true |
# Dataset Card for "imdb"
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [http://ai.stanford.edu/~amaas/data/sentiment/](http://ai.stanford.edu/~amaas/data/sentiment/)
- **Repository:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Paper:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 84.13 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 133.23 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 217.35 MB
### Dataset Summary
Large Movie Review Dataset.
This is a dataset for binary sentiment classification containing substantially more data than previous benchmark datasets. We provide a set of 25,000 highly polar movie reviews for training, and 25,000 for testing. There is additional unlabeled data for use as well.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Languages
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
#### plain_text
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 84.13 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 133.23 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 217.35 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"label": 0,
"text": "Goodbye world2\n"
}
```
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all splits.
#### plain_text
- `text`: a `string` feature.
- `label`: a classification label, with possible values including `neg` (0), `pos` (1).
### Data Splits
| name |train|unsupervised|test |
|----------|----:|-----------:|----:|
|plain_text|25000| 50000|25000|
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Licensing Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Citation Information
```
@InProceedings{maas-EtAl:2011:ACL-HLT2011,
author = {Maas, Andrew L. and Daly, Raymond E. and Pham, Peter T. and Huang, Dan and Ng, Andrew Y. and Potts, Christopher},
title = {Learning Word Vectors for Sentiment Analysis},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies},
month = {June},
year = {2011},
address = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
pages = {142--150},
url = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1015}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@ghazi-f](https://github.com/ghazi-f), [@patrickvonplaten](https://github.com/patrickvonplaten), [@lhoestq](https://github.com/lhoestq), [@thomwolf](https://github.com/thomwolf) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for RedCaps
## Table of Contents
- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Dataset Preprocessing](#dataset-preprocessing)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [RedCaps homepage](https://redcaps.xyz/)
- **Repository:** [RedCaps repository](https://github.com/redcaps-dataset/redcaps-downloader)
- **Paper:** [RedCaps: web-curated image-text data created by the people, for the people](https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.11431)
- **Leaderboard:**
- **Point of Contact:** [Karan Desai](mailto:kdexd@umich.edu)
### Dataset Summary
RedCaps is a large-scale dataset of 12M image-text pairs collected from Reddit.
Images and captions from Reddit depict and describe a wide variety of objects and scenes.
The data is collected from a manually curated set of subreddits (350 total),
which give coarse image labels and allow steering of the dataset composition
without labeling individual instances. RedCaps data is created *by the people, for the people* – it contains everyday things that users like to share on social media, for example hobbies (r/crafts) and pets (r/shiba). Captions often contain specific and
fine-grained descriptions (northern cardinal, taj mahal). Subreddit names provide relevant image
labels (r/shiba) even when captions may not (mlem!), and sometimes may group many visually
unrelated images through a common semantic meaning (r/perfectfit).
### Dataset Preprocessing
This dataset doesn't download the images locally by default. Instead, it exposes URLs to the images. To fetch the images, use the following code:
```python
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
from functools import partial
import io
import urllib
import PIL.Image
from datasets import load_dataset
from datasets.utils.file_utils import get_datasets_user_agent
USER_AGENT = get_datasets_user_agent()
def fetch_single_image(image_url, timeout=None, retries=0):
for _ in range(retries + 1):
try:
request = urllib.request.Request(
image_url,
data=None,
headers={"user-agent": USER_AGENT},
)
with urllib.request.urlopen(request, timeout=timeout) as req:
image = PIL.Image.open(io.BytesIO(req.read()))
break
except Exception:
image = None
return image
def fetch_images(batch, num_threads, timeout=None, retries=0):
fetch_single_image_with_args = partial(fetch_single_image, timeout=timeout, retries=retries)
with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=num_threads) as executor:
batch["image"] = list(executor.map(fetch_single_image_with_args, batch["image_url"]))
return batch
num_threads = 20
dset = load_dataset("red_caps", "rabbits_2017")
dset = dset.map(fetch_images, batched=True, batch_size=100, fn_kwargs={"num_threads": num_threads})
```
Some image links point to more than one image. You can process and downloaded those as follows:
```python
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
from functools import partial
import io
import os
import re
import urllib
import PIL.Image
import datasets
from datasets import load_dataset
from datasets.utils.file_utils import get_datasets_user_agent
USER_AGENT = get_datasets_user_agent()
def fetch_single_image(image_url, timeout=None, retries=0):
for _ in range(retries + 1):
try:
request = urllib.request.Request(
image_url,
data=None,
headers={"user-agent": USER_AGENT},
)
with urllib.request.urlopen(request, timeout=timeout) as req:
image = PIL.Image.open(io.BytesIO(req.read()))
break
except Exception:
image = None
return image
def fetch_images(batch, num_threads, timeout=None, retries=0):
fetch_single_image_with_args = partial(fetch_single_image, timeout=timeout, retries=retries)
with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=num_threads) as executor:
batch["image"] = list(executor.map(lambda image_urls: [fetch_single_image_with_args(image_url) for image_url in image_urls], batch["image_url"]))
return batch
def process_image_urls(batch):
processed_batch_image_urls = []
for image_url in batch["image_url"]:
processed_example_image_urls = []
image_url_splits = re.findall(r"http\S+", image_url)
for image_url_split in image_url_splits:
if "imgur" in image_url_split and "," in image_url_split:
for image_url_part in image_url_split.split(","):
if not image_url_part:
continue
image_url_part = image_url_part.strip()
root, ext = os.path.splitext(image_url_part)
if not root.startswith("http"):
root = "http://i.imgur.com/" + root
root = root.split("#")[0]
if not ext:
ext = ".jpg"
ext = re.split(r"[?%]", ext)[0]
image_url_part = root + ext
processed_example_image_urls.append(image_url_part)
else:
processed_example_image_urls.append(image_url_split)
processed_batch_image_urls.append(processed_example_image_urls)
batch["image_url"] = processed_batch_image_urls
return batch
dset = load_dataset("red_caps", "rabbits_2017")
dset = dset.map(process_image_urls, batched=True, num_proc=4)
features = dset["train"].features.copy()
features["image"] = datasets.Sequence(datasets.Image())
num_threads = 20
dset = dset.map(fetch_images, batched=True, batch_size=100, features=features, fn_kwargs={"num_threads": num_threads})
```
Note that in the above code, we use the `datasets.Sequence` feature to represent a list of images for the multi-image links.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
From the paper:
> We have used our dataset to train deep neural networks that perform image captioning, and
that learn transferable visual representations for a variety of downstream visual recognition tasks
(image classification, object detection, instance segmentation).
> We anticipate that the dataset could be used for a variety of vision-and-language (V&L) tasks,
such as image or text retrieval or text-to-image synthesis.
### Languages
All of the subreddits in RedCaps use English as their primary language.
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
Each instance in RedCaps represents a single Reddit image post:
```
{
'image_id': 'bpzj7r',
'author': 'djasz1',
'image_url': 'https://i.redd.it/ho0wntksivy21.jpg',
'raw_caption': 'Found on a friend’s property in the Keys FL. She is now happily living in my house.',
'caption': 'found on a friend's property in the keys fl. she is now happily living in my house.', 'subreddit': 3,
'score': 72,
'created_utc': datetime.datetime(2019, 5, 18, 1, 36, 41),
'permalink': '/r/airplants/comments/bpzj7r/found_on_a_friends_property_in_the_keys_fl_she_is/', 'crosspost_parents': None
}
```
### Data Fields
- `image_id`: Unique alphanumeric ID of the image post (assigned by Reddit).
- `author`: Reddit username of the image post author.
- `image_url`: Static URL for downloading the image associated with the post.
- `raw_caption`: Textual description of the image, written by the post author.
- `caption`: Cleaned version of "raw_caption" by us (see Q35).
- `subreddit`: Name of subreddit where the post was submitted.
- `score`: Net upvotes (discounting downvotes) received by the image post. This field is equal to `None` if the image post is a crosspost.
- `created_utc`: Integer time epoch (in UTC) when the post was submitted to Reddit.
- `permalink`: Partial URL of the Reddit post (https://reddit.com/<permalink>).
- `crosspost_parents`: List of parent posts. This field is optional.
### Data Splits
All the data is contained in training set. The training set has nearly 12M (12,011,111) instances.
From the paper:
> We intend our dataset to be primarily used for pre-training with one or more specific downstream task(s) in mind. Hence, all instances in our dataset would be used for training while
the validation split is derived from downstream task(s). If users require a validation split, we
recommend sampling it such that it follows the same subreddit distribution as entire dataset.
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
From the paper:
> Large datasets of image-text pairs are widely used for pre-training generic representations
that transfer to a variety of downstream vision and vision-and-language tasks. Existing public
datasets of this kind were curated from search engine results (SBU Captions [1]) or HTML
alt-text from arbitrary web pages (Conceptual Captions [2, 31]). They performed complex
data filtering to deal with noisy web data. Due to aggressive filtering, their data collection is
inefficient and diversity is artificially supressed. We argue that the quality of data depends on
its source, and the human intent behind its creation. In this work, we explore Reddit – a social
media platform, for curating high quality data. We introduce RedCaps – a large dataset of
12M image-text pairs from Reddit. While we expect the use-cases of RedCaps to be similar to
existing datasets, we discuss how Reddit as a data source leads to fast and lightweight collection,
better data quality, lets us easily steer the data distribution, and facilitates ethically responsible data curation.
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
From the paper:
> **Data Collection Pipeline**
Reddit’s uniform structure allows us to parallelize data collection as independent tasks – each task
involves collecting posts submitted to a single subreddit in one year. Our collection pipeline has three steps: (1) subreddit selection, (2) image post filtering, and (3) caption cleaning.
**Step 1**. Subreddit selection: We collect data from a manually curated set of subreddits. Subreddits
have their own rules, community norms, and moderators so curating subreddits allows us to steer the
dataset’s composition without annotating individual instances. We select subreddits with a high volume of images posts, where images tend to be photographs (rather than memes, drawings, screenshots,
etc) and post titles tend to describe image content (rather than making jokes, political commentary,
etc). We do not select any NSFW, banned, or quarantined subreddits. We want to minimize the
number of people that appear in RedCaps, so we omit subreddits whose primary purpose is to share or
comment on images of people (such as celebrity pics or user selfies). We choose subreddits focused on
general photography (r/pics, r/itookapicture), animals (r/axolotls, r/birdsofprey, r/dachshund),
plants (r/roses, r/succulents), objects (r/classiccars, r/trains, r/mechanicalkeyboards), food
(r/steak, r/macarons), scenery (r/cityporn1
, r/desertporn), or activities (r/carpentry, r/kayaking).
In total we collect data from 350 subreddits; the full list can be found in Appendix A.
**Step 2**. Image post filtering: We use Pushshift [41] and Reddit [42, 43] APIs to download all image
posts submitted to our selected subreddits from 2008–2020. Posts are collected at least six months
after their creation to let upvotes stabilize. We only collect posts with images hosted on three domains:
Reddit (i.redd.it), Imgur (i.imgur.com), and Flickr (staticflickr.com). Some image posts contain
multiple images (gallery posts) – in this case we only collect the first image and associate it with
the caption. We discard posts with < 2 upvotes to avoid unappealing content, and we discard posts
marked NSFW (by their authors or subreddit moderators) to avoid pornographic or disturbing content.
**Step 3**. Caption cleaning: We expect Reddit post titles to be less noisy than other large-scale
sources of image captions such as alt-text [2, 31], so we apply minimal text cleaning. We lowercase
captions and use ftfy [44] to remove character accents, emojis, and non-latin characters, following
[29, 35, 36]. Then we apply simple pattern matching to discard all sub-strings enclosed in brackets
((.*), [.*]). These sub-strings usually give non-semantic information: original content tags [oc],
image resolutions (800x600 px), camera specs (shot with iPhone), self-promotion [Instagram:
@user], and other references (link in comments). Finally, like [31] we replace social media
handles (words starting with ‘@’) with a [USR] token to protect user privacy and reduce redundancy.
Due to such filtering, ≈12K (0.1%) captions in our dataset are empty strings. We do not discard them,
as subreddit names alone provide meaningful supervision. Unlike CC-3M or CC-12M that discard
captions without nouns or that don’t overlap image tags, we do not discard any instances in this step.
Through this pipeline, we collect 13.4M instances from 350 subreddits. Our collection pipeline is
less resource-intensive than existing datasets – we do not require webpage crawlers, search engines,
or large databases of indexed webpages. RedCaps is easily extensible in the future by selecting more
subreddits and collecting posts from future years. Next, we perform additional filtering to mitigate
user privacy risks and harmful stereotypes in RedCaps, resulting in final size of 12M instances.
#### Who are the source language producers?
Reddit is the singular data source for RedCaps.
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
The dataset is built using fully automatic data collection pipeline which doesn't require any human annotators.
#### Who are the annotators?
The annotation process doesn't require any human annotators.
### Personal and Sensitive Information
From the paper:
> **Does the dataset relate to people?**
The dataset pertains to people in that people wrote the captions and posted images to Reddit
that we curate in RedCaps. We made specific design choices while curating RedCaps to avoid
large quantities of images containing people:
(a) We collect data from manually curated subreddits in which most contain primarily pertains
to animals, objects, places, or activities. We exclude all subreddits whose primary purpose
is to share and describe images of people (such as celebrity photos or user selfies).
(b) We use an off-the-shelf face detector to find and remove images with potential presence of
human faces. We manually checked 50K random images in RedCaps (Q16) and found 79
images with identifiable human faces – the entire dataset may have ≈19K (0.15%) images
with identifiable people. Refer Section 2.2 in the main paper.
> **Is it possible to identify one or more natural persons, either directly or indirectly (i.e., in
combination with other data) from the dataset?**
Yes, all instances in RedCaps include Reddit usernames of their post authors. This could be
used to look up the Reddit user profile, and some Reddit users may have identifying information
in their profiles. Some images may contain human faces which could be identified by
appearance. However, note that all this information is already public on Reddit, and searching it
in RedCaps is no easier than searching directly on Reddit.
> **Were the individuals in question notified about the data collection?**
No. Reddit users are anonymous by default, and are not required to share their personal contact
information (email, phone numbers, etc.). Hence, the only way to notify the authors of RedCaps
image posts is by sending them private messages on Reddit. This is practically difficult to do
manually, and will be classified as spam and blocked by Reddit if attempted to programmatically
send a templated message to millions of users.
> **Did the individuals in question consent to the collection and use of their data?**
Users did not explicitly consent to the use of their data in our dataset. However, by uploading
their data on Reddit, they consent that it would appear on the Reddit plaform and will be
accessible via the official Reddit API (which we use to collect RedCaps).
> **If consent was obtained, were the consenting individuals provided with a mechanism to
revoke their consent in the future or for certain uses?**
Users have full control over the presence of their data in our dataset. If users wish to revoke
their consent, they can delete the underlying Reddit post – it will be automatically removed
dfrom RedCaps since we distributed images as URLs. Moreover, we provide an opt-out request
form on our dataset website for anybody to request removal of an individual instance if it is
potentially harmful (e.g. NSFW, violates privacy, harmful stereotypes, etc.).
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
From the paper:
> **Has an analysis of the potential impact of the dataset and its use on data subjects (e.g.,
a data protection impact analysis) been conducted?**
No.
### Discussion of Biases
From the paper:
> **Harmful Stereotypes**: Another concern with
Reddit data is that images or language may represent harmful stereotypes about gender, race, or other
characteristics of people [48, 49, 51]. We select only non-NSFW subreddits with active moderation
for collecting data. This stands in contrast to less curated uses of Reddit data, such as GPT-2 [35]
whose training data includes at least 63K documents from banned or quarantined subreddits which
may contain toxic language [53]. We attempt to further reduce harmful stereotypes in two ways:
> * **NSFW images**: We use the InceptionV3 [54] model from [55] to filter images detected as porn or hentai with confidence ≥ 0.9. Similar to face filtering, we estimated precision of our filtering and estimated amount of missed detections, shown in Table 1. The model detects 87K images with low
precision (∼1%) – most detections are non-NSFW images with pink and beige hues.
> * **Potentially derogatory language**: We filter instances whose captions contain words or phrases from a common blocklist [56]. It is important to note that such coarse filtering might suppress language from marginalized groups reclaiming slurs [51]; however, as RedCaps is not intended to describe people, we believe this is a pragmatic tradeoff to avoid propagating harmful labels.
> **Reddit demographics**: Reddit’s user demographics are not representative of the population at large.
Compared to US adults, Reddit users skew male (69% vs 49%), young (58% 18-29 years old vs
22%), college educated (36% vs 28%), and politically liberal (41% vs 25%) [57]. Reddit users
are predominantly white (63%) [57], and 49% of desktop traffic to Reddit comes from the United
States [58]. All of the subreddits in RedCaps use English as their primary language. Taken together,
these demographic biases likely also bias the types of objects and places that appear in images on
Reddit, and the language used to describe these images. We do not offer explicit countermeasures to
these biases, but users of RedCaps should keep in mind that size doesn’t guarantee diversity [51].
Subtler issues may also exist, such as imbalanced representation of demographic groups [59] or
gender bias in object co-occurrence [60] or language [61]. These are hard to control in internet
data, so we release RedCaps with explicit instructions on suitable use-cases; specifically requesting models not be trained to identify people, or make decisions that impact people. We document these instructions and other terms-of-use in a datasheet [45], provided in Appendix G.
> **Does the dataset contain data that, if viewed directly, might be offensive, insulting, threatening, or might otherwise cause anxiety?**
The scale of RedCaps means that we are unable to verify the contents of all images and
captions. However we have tried to minimize the possibility that RedCaps contains data that
might be offensive, insulting, threatening, or might cause anxiety via the following mitigations:
(a) We manually curate the set of subreddits from which to collect data; we only chose
subreddits that are not marked NSFW and which generally contain non-offensive content.
(b) Within our curated subreddits, we did not include any posts marked NSFW.
(c) We removed all instances whose captions contained any of the 400 potentially offensive
words or phrases. Refer Section 2.2 in the main paper.
(d) We remove all instances whose images were flagged NSFW by an off-the-shelf detector.
We manually checked 50K random images in RedCaps and found one image containing
nudity (exposed buttocks; no identifiable face). Refer Section 2.2 in the main paper
> **Does the dataset identify any subpopulations (e.g., by age, gender)?**
RedCaps does not explicitly identify any subpopulations. Since some images contain people
and captions are free-form natural language written by Reddit users, it is possible that some
captions may identify people appearing in individual images as part of a subpopulation.
> **Were any ethical review processes conducted (e.g., by an institutional review board)?**
We did not conduct a formal ethical review process via institutional review boards. However,
as described in Section 2.2 of the main paper and Q16 we employed several filtering mechanisms
to try and remove instances that could be problematic.
### Other Known Limitations
From the paper:
> **Are there any errors, sources of noise, or redundancies in the dataset?**
RedCaps is noisy by design since image-text pairs on the internet are noisy and unstructured.
Some instances may also have duplicate images and captions – Reddit users may have shared
the same image post in multiple subreddits. Such redundancies constitute a very small fraction
of the dataset, and should have almost no effect in training large-scale models.
> **Does the dataset contain data that might be considered confidential (e.g., data that is
protected by legal privilege or by doctor-patient confidentiality, data that includes the
content of individuals non-public communications)?**
No, the subreddits included in RedCaps do not cover topics that may be considered confidential. All posts were publicly shared on Reddit prior to inclusion in RedCaps.
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
From the paper:
> Four researchers at the University of Michigan (affiliated as of 2021) have created RedCaps:
Karan Desai, Gaurav Kaul, Zubin Aysola, and Justin Johnson.
### Licensing Information
The image metadata is licensed under CC-BY 4.0 license. Additionally, uses of this dataset are subject to Reddit API terms (https://www.reddit.com/wiki/
api-terms) and users must comply with Reddit User Agreeement, Content Policy,
and Privacy Policy – all accessible at https://www.redditinc.com/policies.
From the paper:
> RedCaps should only be used for non-commercial research. RedCaps should not be used for any tasks that involve identifying features related to people (facial recognition, gender, age, ethnicity identification, etc.) or make decisions that impact people (mortgages, job applications, criminal sentences; or moderation decisions about user-uploaded data that could result in bans from a website). Any commercial and for-profit uses of RedCaps are restricted – it should not be used to train models that will be deployed in production systems as part of a product offered by businesses or government agencies.
### Citation Information
```bibtex
@misc{desai2021redcaps,
title={RedCaps: web-curated image-text data created by the people, for the people},
author={Karan Desai and Gaurav Kaul and Zubin Aysola and Justin Johnson},
year={2021},
eprint={2111.11431},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.CV}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@mariosasko](https://github.com/mariosasko) for adding this dataset. |
true |
# Dataset Card for The Multilingual Amazon Reviews Corpus
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Card for amazon_reviews_multi](#dataset-card-for-amazon_reviews_multi)
- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [plain_text](#plain_text)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [plain_text](#plain_text-1)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Initial Data Collection and Normalization](#initial-data-collection-and-normalization)
- [Who are the source language producers?](#who-are-the-source-language-producers)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Annotation process](#annotation-process)
- [Who are the annotators?](#who-are-the-annotators)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Webpage:** https://registry.opendata.aws/amazon-reviews-ml/
- **Paper:** https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.02573
- **Point of Contact:** [multilingual-reviews-dataset@amazon.com](mailto:multilingual-reviews-dataset@amazon.com)
### Dataset Summary
We provide an Amazon product reviews dataset for multilingual text classification. The dataset contains reviews in English, Japanese, German, French, Chinese and Spanish, collected between November 1, 2015 and November 1, 2019. Each record in the dataset contains the review text, the review title, the star rating, an anonymized reviewer ID, an anonymized product ID and the coarse-grained product category (e.g. ‘books’, ‘appliances’, etc.) The corpus is balanced across stars, so each star rating constitutes 20% of the reviews in each language.
For each language, there are 200,000, 5,000 and 5,000 reviews in the training, development and test sets respectively. The maximum number of reviews per reviewer is 20 and the maximum number of reviews per product is 20. All reviews are truncated after 2,000 characters, and all reviews are at least 20 characters long.
Note that the language of a review does not necessarily match the language of its marketplace (e.g. reviews from amazon.de are primarily written in German, but could also be written in English, etc.). For this reason, we applied a language detection algorithm based on the work in Bojanowski et al. (2017) to determine the language of the review text and we removed reviews that were not written in the expected language.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed]
### Languages
The dataset contains reviews in English, Japanese, German, French, Chinese and Spanish.
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
Each data instance corresponds to a review. The original JSON for an instance looks like so (German example):
```json
{
"review_id": "de_0784695",
"product_id": "product_de_0572654",
"reviewer_id": "reviewer_de_0645436",
"stars": "1",
"review_body": "Leider, leider nach einmal waschen ausgeblichen . Es sieht super h\u00fcbsch aus , nur leider stinkt es ganz schrecklich und ein Waschgang in der Maschine ist notwendig ! Nach einem mal waschen sah es aus als w\u00e4re es 10 Jahre alt und hatte 1000 e von Waschg\u00e4ngen hinter sich :( echt schade !",
"review_title": "Leider nicht zu empfehlen",
"language": "de",
"product_category": "home"
}
```
### Data Fields
- `review_id`: A string identifier of the review.
- `product_id`: A string identifier of the product being reviewed.
- `reviewer_id`: A string identifier of the reviewer.
- `stars`: An int between 1-5 indicating the number of stars.
- `review_body`: The text body of the review.
- `review_title`: The text title of the review.
- `language`: The string identifier of the review language.
- `product_category`: String representation of the product's category.
### Data Splits
Each language configuration comes with its own `train`, `validation`, and `test` splits. The `all_languages` split
is simply a concatenation of the corresponding split across all languages. That is, the `train` split for
`all_languages` is a concatenation of the `train` splits for each of the languages and likewise for `validation` and
`test`.
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
The dataset is motivated by the desire to advance sentiment analysis and text classification in other (non-English)
languages.
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
The authors gathered the reviews from the marketplaces in the US, Japan, Germany, France, Spain, and China for the
English, Japanese, German, French, Spanish, and Chinese languages, respectively. They then ensured the correct
language by applying a language detection algorithm, only retaining those of the target language. In a random sample
of the resulting reviews, the authors observed a small percentage of target languages that were incorrectly filtered
out and a very few mismatched languages that were incorrectly retained.
#### Who are the source language producers?
The original text comes from Amazon customers reviewing products on the marketplace across a variety of product
categories.
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
Each of the fields included are submitted by the user with the review or otherwise associated with the review. No
manual or machine-driven annotation was necessary.
#### Who are the annotators?
N/A
### Personal and Sensitive Information
According to the original dataset [license terms](https://docs.opendata.aws/amazon-reviews-ml/license.txt), you may not:
- link or associate content in the Reviews Corpus with any personal information (including Amazon customer accounts), or
- attempt to determine the identity of the author of any content in the Reviews Corpus.
If you violate any of the foregoing conditions, your license to access and use the Reviews Corpus will automatically
terminate without prejudice to any of the other rights or remedies Amazon may have.
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
This dataset is part of an effort to encourage text classification research in languages other than English. Such
work increases the accessibility of natural language technology to more regions and cultures. Unfortunately, each of
the languages included here is relatively high resource and well studied.
### Discussion of Biases
The dataset contains only reviews from verified purchases (as described in the paper, section 2.1), and the reviews
should conform the [Amazon Community Guidelines](https://www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/display.html?nodeId=GLHXEX85MENUE4XF).
### Other Known Limitations
The dataset is constructed so that the distribution of star ratings is balanced. This feature has some advantages for
purposes of classification, but some types of language may be over or underrepresented relative to the original
distribution of reviews to achieve this balance.
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
Published by Phillip Keung, Yichao Lu, György Szarvas, and Noah A. Smith. Managed by Amazon.
### Licensing Information
Amazon has licensed this dataset under its own agreement for non-commercial research usage only. This licence is quite restrictive preventing use anywhere a fee is received including paid for internships etc. A copy of the agreement can be found at the dataset webpage here:
https://docs.opendata.aws/amazon-reviews-ml/license.txt
By accessing the Multilingual Amazon Reviews Corpus ("Reviews Corpus"), you agree that the Reviews Corpus is an Amazon Service subject to the [Amazon.com Conditions of Use](https://www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/display.html/ref=footer_cou?ie=UTF8&nodeId=508088) and you agree to be bound by them, with the following additional conditions:
In addition to the license rights granted under the Conditions of Use, Amazon or its content providers grant you a limited, non-exclusive, non-transferable, non-sublicensable, revocable license to access and use the Reviews Corpus for purposes of academic research. You may not resell, republish, or make any commercial use of the Reviews Corpus or its contents, including use of the Reviews Corpus for commercial research, such as research related to a funding or consultancy contract, internship, or other relationship in which the results are provided for a fee or delivered to a for-profit organization. You may not (a) link or associate content in the Reviews Corpus with any personal information (including Amazon customer accounts), or (b) attempt to determine the identity of the author of any content in the Reviews Corpus. If you violate any of the foregoing conditions, your license to access and use the Reviews Corpus will automatically terminate without prejudice to any of the other rights or remedies Amazon may have.
### Citation Information
Please cite the following paper (arXiv) if you found this dataset useful:
Phillip Keung, Yichao Lu, György Szarvas and Noah A. Smith. “The Multilingual Amazon Reviews Corpus.” In Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, 2020.
```
@inproceedings{marc_reviews,
title={The Multilingual Amazon Reviews Corpus},
author={Keung, Phillip and Lu, Yichao and Szarvas, György and Smith, Noah A.},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
year={2020}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@joeddav](https://github.com/joeddav) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for "squad"
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Card for "squad"](#dataset-card-for-squad)
- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [plain_text](#plain_text)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [plain_text](#plain_text-1)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Initial Data Collection and Normalization](#initial-data-collection-and-normalization)
- [Who are the source language producers?](#who-are-the-source-language-producers)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Annotation process](#annotation-process)
- [Who are the annotators?](#who-are-the-annotators)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [https://rajpurkar.github.io/SQuAD-explorer/](https://rajpurkar.github.io/SQuAD-explorer/)
- **Repository:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Paper:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 35.14 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 89.92 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 125.06 MB
### Dataset Summary
Stanford Question Answering Dataset (SQuAD) is a reading comprehension dataset, consisting of questions posed by crowdworkers on a set of Wikipedia articles, where the answer to every question is a segment of text, or span, from the corresponding reading passage, or the question might be unanswerable.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Languages
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
#### plain_text
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 35.14 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 89.92 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 125.06 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"answers": {
"answer_start": [1],
"text": ["This is a test text"]
},
"context": "This is a test context.",
"id": "1",
"question": "Is this a test?",
"title": "train test"
}
```
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all splits.
#### plain_text
- `id`: a `string` feature.
- `title`: a `string` feature.
- `context`: a `string` feature.
- `question`: a `string` feature.
- `answers`: a dictionary feature containing:
- `text`: a `string` feature.
- `answer_start`: a `int32` feature.
### Data Splits
| name |train|validation|
|----------|----:|---------:|
|plain_text|87599| 10570|
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Licensing Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Citation Information
```
@article{2016arXiv160605250R,
author = {{Rajpurkar}, Pranav and {Zhang}, Jian and {Lopyrev},
Konstantin and {Liang}, Percy},
title = "{SQuAD: 100,000+ Questions for Machine Comprehension of Text}",
journal = {arXiv e-prints},
year = 2016,
eid = {arXiv:1606.05250},
pages = {arXiv:1606.05250},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
eprint = {1606.05250},
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@lewtun](https://github.com/lewtun), [@albertvillanova](https://github.com/albertvillanova), [@patrickvonplaten](https://github.com/patrickvonplaten), [@thomwolf](https://github.com/thomwolf) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for Pokémon BLIP captions
_Dataset used to train [Pokémon text to image model](https://github.com/LambdaLabsML/examples/tree/main/stable-diffusion-finetuning)_
BLIP generated captions for Pokémon images from Few Shot Pokémon dataset introduced by _Towards Faster and Stabilized GAN Training for High-fidelity Few-shot Image Synthesis_ (FastGAN). Original images were obtained from [FastGAN-pytorch](https://github.com/odegeasslbc/FastGAN-pytorch) and captioned with the [pre-trained BLIP model](https://github.com/salesforce/BLIP).
For each row the dataset contains `image` and `text` keys. `image` is a varying size PIL jpeg, and `text` is the accompanying text caption. Only a train split is provided.
## Examples
> a drawing of a green pokemon with red eyes
> a green and yellow toy with a red nose
> a red and white ball with an angry look on its face
## Citation
If you use this dataset, please cite it as:
```
@misc{pinkney2022pokemon,
author = {Pinkney, Justin N. M.},
title = {Pokemon BLIP captions},
year={2022},
howpublished= {\url{https://huggingface.co/datasets/lambdalabs/pokemon-blip-captions/}}
}
``` |
false |
# Dataset Card for "ai2_arc"
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [https://allenai.org/data/arc](https://allenai.org/data/arc)
- **Repository:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Paper:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 1361.68 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 2.28 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 1363.96 MB
### Dataset Summary
A new dataset of 7,787 genuine grade-school level, multiple-choice science questions, assembled to encourage research in
advanced question-answering. The dataset is partitioned into a Challenge Set and an Easy Set, where the former contains
only questions answered incorrectly by both a retrieval-based algorithm and a word co-occurrence algorithm. We are also
including a corpus of over 14 million science sentences relevant to the task, and an implementation of three neural baseline models for this dataset. We pose ARC as a challenge to the community.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Languages
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
#### ARC-Challenge
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 680.84 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.83 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 681.67 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"answerKey": "B",
"choices": {
"label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"],
"text": ["Shady areas increased.", "Food sources increased.", "Oxygen levels increased.", "Available water increased."]
},
"id": "Mercury_SC_405487",
"question": "One year, the oak trees in a park began producing more acorns than usual. The next year, the population of chipmunks in the park also increased. Which best explains why there were more chipmunks the next year?"
}
```
#### ARC-Easy
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 680.84 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.45 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 682.29 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"answerKey": "B",
"choices": {
"label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"],
"text": ["Shady areas increased.", "Food sources increased.", "Oxygen levels increased.", "Available water increased."]
},
"id": "Mercury_SC_405487",
"question": "One year, the oak trees in a park began producing more acorns than usual. The next year, the population of chipmunks in the park also increased. Which best explains why there were more chipmunks the next year?"
}
```
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all splits.
#### ARC-Challenge
- `id`: a `string` feature.
- `question`: a `string` feature.
- `choices`: a dictionary feature containing:
- `text`: a `string` feature.
- `label`: a `string` feature.
- `answerKey`: a `string` feature.
#### ARC-Easy
- `id`: a `string` feature.
- `question`: a `string` feature.
- `choices`: a dictionary feature containing:
- `text`: a `string` feature.
- `label`: a `string` feature.
- `answerKey`: a `string` feature.
### Data Splits
| name |train|validation|test|
|-------------|----:|---------:|---:|
|ARC-Challenge| 1119| 299|1172|
|ARC-Easy | 2251| 570|2376|
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Licensing Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Citation Information
```
@article{allenai:arc,
author = {Peter Clark and Isaac Cowhey and Oren Etzioni and Tushar Khot and
Ashish Sabharwal and Carissa Schoenick and Oyvind Tafjord},
title = {Think you have Solved Question Answering? Try ARC, the AI2 Reasoning Challenge},
journal = {arXiv:1803.05457v1},
year = {2018},
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@lewtun](https://github.com/lewtun), [@patrickvonplaten](https://github.com/patrickvonplaten), [@thomwolf](https://github.com/thomwolf) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for "conll2003"
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W03-0419/](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W03-0419/)
- **Repository:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Paper:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 4.85 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 10.26 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 15.11 MB
### Dataset Summary
The shared task of CoNLL-2003 concerns language-independent named entity recognition. We will concentrate on
four types of named entities: persons, locations, organizations and names of miscellaneous entities that do
not belong to the previous three groups.
The CoNLL-2003 shared task data files contain four columns separated by a single space. Each word has been put on
a separate line and there is an empty line after each sentence. The first item on each line is a word, the second
a part-of-speech (POS) tag, the third a syntactic chunk tag and the fourth the named entity tag. The chunk tags
and the named entity tags have the format I-TYPE which means that the word is inside a phrase of type TYPE. Only
if two phrases of the same type immediately follow each other, the first word of the second phrase will have tag
B-TYPE to show that it starts a new phrase. A word with tag O is not part of a phrase. Note the dataset uses IOB2
tagging scheme, whereas the original dataset uses IOB1.
For more details see https://www.clips.uantwerpen.be/conll2003/ner/ and https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W03-0419
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Languages
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
#### conll2003
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 4.85 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 10.26 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 15.11 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"chunk_tags": [11, 12, 12, 21, 13, 11, 11, 21, 13, 11, 12, 13, 11, 21, 22, 11, 12, 17, 11, 21, 17, 11, 12, 12, 21, 22, 22, 13, 11, 0],
"id": "0",
"ner_tags": [0, 3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
"pos_tags": [12, 22, 22, 38, 15, 22, 28, 38, 15, 16, 21, 35, 24, 35, 37, 16, 21, 15, 24, 41, 15, 16, 21, 21, 20, 37, 40, 35, 21, 7],
"tokens": ["The", "European", "Commission", "said", "on", "Thursday", "it", "disagreed", "with", "German", "advice", "to", "consumers", "to", "shun", "British", "lamb", "until", "scientists", "determine", "whether", "mad", "cow", "disease", "can", "be", "transmitted", "to", "sheep", "."]
}
```
The original data files have `-DOCSTART-` lines used to separate documents, but these lines are removed here.
Indeed `-DOCSTART-` is a special line that acts as a boundary between two different documents, and it is filtered out in this implementation.
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all splits.
#### conll2003
- `id`: a `string` feature.
- `tokens`: a `list` of `string` features.
- `pos_tags`: a `list` of classification labels (`int`). Full tagset with indices:
```python
{'"': 0, "''": 1, '#': 2, '$': 3, '(': 4, ')': 5, ',': 6, '.': 7, ':': 8, '``': 9, 'CC': 10, 'CD': 11, 'DT': 12,
'EX': 13, 'FW': 14, 'IN': 15, 'JJ': 16, 'JJR': 17, 'JJS': 18, 'LS': 19, 'MD': 20, 'NN': 21, 'NNP': 22, 'NNPS': 23,
'NNS': 24, 'NN|SYM': 25, 'PDT': 26, 'POS': 27, 'PRP': 28, 'PRP$': 29, 'RB': 30, 'RBR': 31, 'RBS': 32, 'RP': 33,
'SYM': 34, 'TO': 35, 'UH': 36, 'VB': 37, 'VBD': 38, 'VBG': 39, 'VBN': 40, 'VBP': 41, 'VBZ': 42, 'WDT': 43,
'WP': 44, 'WP$': 45, 'WRB': 46}
```
- `chunk_tags`: a `list` of classification labels (`int`). Full tagset with indices:
```python
{'O': 0, 'B-ADJP': 1, 'I-ADJP': 2, 'B-ADVP': 3, 'I-ADVP': 4, 'B-CONJP': 5, 'I-CONJP': 6, 'B-INTJ': 7, 'I-INTJ': 8,
'B-LST': 9, 'I-LST': 10, 'B-NP': 11, 'I-NP': 12, 'B-PP': 13, 'I-PP': 14, 'B-PRT': 15, 'I-PRT': 16, 'B-SBAR': 17,
'I-SBAR': 18, 'B-UCP': 19, 'I-UCP': 20, 'B-VP': 21, 'I-VP': 22}
```
- `ner_tags`: a `list` of classification labels (`int`). Full tagset with indices:
```python
{'O': 0, 'B-PER': 1, 'I-PER': 2, 'B-ORG': 3, 'I-ORG': 4, 'B-LOC': 5, 'I-LOC': 6, 'B-MISC': 7, 'I-MISC': 8}
```
### Data Splits
| name |train|validation|test|
|---------|----:|---------:|---:|
|conll2003|14041| 3250|3453|
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Licensing Information
From the [CoNLL2003 shared task](https://www.clips.uantwerpen.be/conll2003/ner/) page:
> The English data is a collection of news wire articles from the Reuters Corpus. The annotation has been done by people of the University of Antwerp. Because of copyright reasons we only make available the annotations. In order to build the complete data sets you will need access to the Reuters Corpus. It can be obtained for research purposes without any charge from NIST.
The copyrights are defined below, from the [Reuters Corpus page](https://trec.nist.gov/data/reuters/reuters.html):
> The stories in the Reuters Corpus are under the copyright of Reuters Ltd and/or Thomson Reuters, and their use is governed by the following agreements:
>
> [Organizational agreement](https://trec.nist.gov/data/reuters/org_appl_reuters_v4.html)
>
> This agreement must be signed by the person responsible for the data at your organization, and sent to NIST.
>
> [Individual agreement](https://trec.nist.gov/data/reuters/ind_appl_reuters_v4.html)
>
> This agreement must be signed by all researchers using the Reuters Corpus at your organization, and kept on file at your organization.
### Citation Information
```
@inproceedings{tjong-kim-sang-de-meulder-2003-introduction,
title = "Introduction to the {C}o{NLL}-2003 Shared Task: Language-Independent Named Entity Recognition",
author = "Tjong Kim Sang, Erik F. and
De Meulder, Fien",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the Seventh Conference on Natural Language Learning at {HLT}-{NAACL} 2003",
year = "2003",
url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W03-0419",
pages = "142--147",
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@jplu](https://github.com/jplu), [@vblagoje](https://github.com/vblagoje), [@lhoestq](https://github.com/lhoestq) for adding this dataset. |
true |
MMLU (`hendrycks_test` on huggingface) without auxiliary train. It is much lighter (7MB vs 162MB) and faster than the original implementation, in which auxiliary train is loaded (+ duplicated!) by default for all the configs in the original version, making it quite heavy.
We use this version in [tasksource](https://huggingface.co/tasksource).
Reference to original dataset:
Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding - https://github.com/hendrycks/test
```
@article{hendryckstest2021,
title={Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding},
author={Dan Hendrycks and Collin Burns and Steven Basart and Andy Zou and Mantas Mazeika and Dawn Song and Jacob Steinhardt},
journal={Proceedings of the International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)},
year={2021}
}
``` |
false |
# Dataset Card for GSM8K
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-instances)
- [Data Splits](#data-instances)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** https://openai.com/blog/grade-school-math/
- **Repository:** https://github.com/openai/grade-school-math
- **Paper:** https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.14168
- **Leaderboard:** [Needs More Information]
- **Point of Contact:** [Needs More Information]
### Dataset Summary
GSM8K (Grade School Math 8K) is a dataset of 8.5K high quality linguistically diverse grade school math word problems. The dataset was created to support the task of question answering on basic mathematical problems that require multi-step reasoning.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[Needs More Information]
### Languages
The text in the dataset is in English. The associated BCP-47 code is `en`.
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
For the `main` configuration, each instance contains a string for the grade-school level math question and a string for the corresponding answer with multiple steps of reasoning and calculator annotations (explained [here](https://github.com/openai/grade-school-math#calculation-annotations)).
```python
{
'question': 'Natalia sold clips to 48 of her friends in April, and then she sold half as many clips in May. How many clips did Natalia sell altogether in April and May?',
'answer': 'Natalia sold 48/2 = <<48/2=24>>24 clips in May.\nNatalia sold 48+24 = <<48+24=72>>72 clips altogether in April and May.\n#### 72',
}
```
For the `socratic` configuration, each instance contains a string for a grade-school level math question, a string for the corresponding answer with multiple steps of reasoning, calculator annotations (explained [here](https://github.com/openai/grade-school-math#calculation-annotations)), and *Socratic sub-questions*.
```python
{
'question': 'Natalia sold clips to 48 of her friends in April, and then she sold half as many clips in May. How many clips did Natalia sell altogether in April and May?',
'answer': 'How many clips did Natalia sell in May? ** Natalia sold 48/2 = <<48/2=24>>24 clips in May.\nHow many clips did Natalia sell altogether in April and May? ** Natalia sold 48+24 = <<48+24=72>>72 clips altogether in April and May.\n#### 72',
}
```
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among `main` and `socratic` configurations and their individual splits.
- question: The question string to a grade school math problem.
- answer: The full solution string to the `question`. It contains multiple steps of reasoning with calculator annotations and the final numeric solution.
### Data Splits
| name |train|validation|
|--------|----:|---------:|
|main | 7473| 1319|
|socratic| 7473| 1319|
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[Needs More Information]
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
From the paper:
> We initially collected a starting set of a thousand problems and natural language solutions by hiring freelance contractors on Upwork (upwork.com). We then worked with Surge AI (surgehq.ai), an NLP data labeling platform, to scale up our data collection. After collecting the full dataset, we asked workers to re-solve all problems, with no workers re-solving problems they originally wrote. We checked whether their final answers agreed with the original solu- tions, and any problems that produced disagreements were either repaired or discarded. We then performed another round of agreement checks on a smaller subset of problems, finding that 1.7% of problems still produce disagreements among contractors. We estimate this to be the fraction of problems that con- tain breaking errors or ambiguities. It is possible that a larger percentage of problems contain subtle errors.
#### Who are the source language producers?
[Needs More Information]
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[Needs More Information]
#### Who are the annotators?
Surge AI (surgehq.ai)
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[Needs More Information]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[Needs More Information]
### Discussion of Biases
[Needs More Information]
### Other Known Limitations
[Needs More Information]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[Needs More Information]
### Licensing Information
The GSM8K dataset is licensed under the [MIT License](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT).
### Citation Information
```bibtex
@article{cobbe2021gsm8k,
title={Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems},
author={Cobbe, Karl and Kosaraju, Vineet and Bavarian, Mohammad and Chen, Mark and Jun, Heewoo and Kaiser, Lukasz and Plappert, Matthias and Tworek, Jerry and Hilton, Jacob and Nakano, Reiichiro and Hesse, Christopher and Schulman, John},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2110.14168},
year={2021}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@jon-tow](https://github.com/jon-tow) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for C4
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Card for C4](#dataset-card-for-c4)
- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Initial Data Collection and Normalization](#initial-data-collection-and-normalization)
- [Who are the source language producers?](#who-are-the-source-language-producers)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Annotation process](#annotation-process)
- [Who are the annotators?](#who-are-the-annotators)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/c4
- **Paper:** https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.10683
### Dataset Summary
A colossal, cleaned version of Common Crawl's web crawl corpus. Based on Common Crawl dataset: "https://commoncrawl.org".
This is the version prepared by AllenAI, hosted at this address: https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/c4
It comes in four variants:
- `en`: 305GB in JSON format
- `en.noblocklist`: 380GB in JSON format
- `en.noclean`: 2.3TB in JSON format
- `realnewslike`: 15GB in JSON format
The `en.noblocklist` variant is exactly the same as the `en` variant, except we turned off the so-called "badwords filter", which removes all documents that contain words from the lists at https://github.com/LDNOOBW/List-of-Dirty-Naughty-Obscene-and-Otherwise-Bad-Words.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
C4 is mainly intended to pretrain language models and word representations.
### Languages
The dataset is in English.
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
An example form the `en` config is:
```
{
'url': 'https://klyq.com/beginners-bbq-class-taking-place-in-missoula/',
'text': 'Beginners BBQ Class Taking Place in Missoula!\nDo you want to get better at making delicious BBQ? You will have the opportunity, put this on your calendar now. Thursday, September 22nd join World Class BBQ Champion, Tony Balay from Lonestar Smoke Rangers. He will be teaching a beginner level class for everyone who wants to get better with their culinary skills.\nHe will teach you everything you need to know to compete in a KCBS BBQ competition, including techniques, recipes, timelines, meat selection and trimming, plus smoker and fire information.\nThe cost to be in the class is $35 per person, and for spectators it is free. Included in the cost will be either a t-shirt or apron and you will be tasting samples of each meat that is prepared.',
'timestamp': '2019-04-25T12:57:54Z'
}
```
### Data Fields
The data have several fields:
- `url`: url of the source as a string
- `text`: text content as a string
- `timestamp`: timestamp as a string
### Data Splits
| name | train |validation|
|----------------|--------:|---------:|
| en |364868892| 364608|
| en.noblocklist |393391519| 393226|
| en.noclean | ?| ?|
| realnewslike | 13799838| 13863|
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed]
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
C4 dataset is a collection of about 750GB of English-language text sourced from the public Common Crawl web scrape. It includes heuristics to extract only natural language (as opposed to boilerplate and other gibberish) in addition to extensive deduplication. You can find the code that has been used to build this dataset in [c4.py](https://github.com/tensorflow/datasets/blob/5952d3d60d60e1727786fa7a9a23d24bb463d4d6/tensorflow_datasets/text/c4.py) by Tensorflow Datasets.
The dataset was explicitly designed to be English only: any page that was not given a probability of at least 99% of being English by [langdetect](https://github.com/Mimino666/langdetect) was discarded.
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed]
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed]
### Licensing Information
AllenAI are releasing this dataset under the terms of ODC-BY. By using this, you are also bound by the Common Crawl terms of use in respect of the content contained in the dataset.
### Citation Information
```
@article{2019t5,
author = {Colin Raffel and Noam Shazeer and Adam Roberts and Katherine Lee and Sharan Narang and Michael Matena and Yanqi Zhou and Wei Li and Peter J. Liu},
title = {Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformer},
journal = {arXiv e-prints},
year = {2019},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
eprint = {1910.10683},
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@dirkgr](https://github.com/dirkgr) and [@lhoestq](https://github.com/lhoestq) for adding this dataset. |
true |
# Dataset Card for "rotten_tomatoes"
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [http://www.cs.cornell.edu/people/pabo/movie-review-data/](http://www.cs.cornell.edu/people/pabo/movie-review-data/)
- **Repository:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Paper:** [https://arxiv.org/abs/cs/0506075](https://arxiv.org/abs/cs/0506075)
- **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.49 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.34 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 1.84 MB
### Dataset Summary
Movie Review Dataset.
This is a dataset of containing 5,331 positive and 5,331 negative processed
sentences from Rotten Tomatoes movie reviews. This data was first used in Bo
Pang and Lillian Lee, ``Seeing stars: Exploiting class relationships for
sentiment categorization with respect to rating scales.'', Proceedings of the
ACL, 2005.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Languages
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
#### default
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.49 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.34 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 1.84 MB
An example of 'validation' looks as follows.
```
{
"label": 1,
"text": "Sometimes the days and nights just drag on -- it 's the morning that make me feel alive . And I have one thing to thank for that : pancakes . "
}
```
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all splits.
#### default
- `text`: a `string` feature.
- `label`: a classification label, with possible values including `neg` (0), `pos` (1).
### Data Splits
| name |train|validation|test|
|-------|----:|---------:|---:|
|default| 8530| 1066|1066|
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Licensing Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Citation Information
```
@InProceedings{Pang+Lee:05a,
author = {Bo Pang and Lillian Lee},
title = {Seeing stars: Exploiting class relationships for sentiment
categorization with respect to rating scales},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACL},
year = 2005
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@thomwolf](https://github.com/thomwolf), [@jxmorris12](https://github.com/jxmorris12) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for OpenAI HumanEval
## Table of Contents
- [OpenAI HumanEval](#openai-humaneval)
- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Initial Data Collection and Normalization](#initial-data-collection-and-normalization)
- [Who are the source language producers?](#who-are-the-source-language-producers)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Annotation process](#annotation-process)
- [Who are the annotators?](#who-are-the-annotators)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Repository:** [GitHub Repository](https://github.com/openai/human-eval)
- **Paper:** [Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Code](https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.03374)
### Dataset Summary
The HumanEval dataset released by OpenAI includes 164 programming problems with a function sig- nature, docstring, body, and several unit tests. They were handwritten to ensure not to be included in the training set of code generation models.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
### Languages
The programming problems are written in Python and contain English natural text in comments and docstrings.
## Dataset Structure
```python
from datasets import load_dataset
load_dataset("openai_humaneval")
DatasetDict({
test: Dataset({
features: ['task_id', 'prompt', 'canonical_solution', 'test', 'entry_point'],
num_rows: 164
})
})
```
### Data Instances
An example of a dataset instance:
```
{
"task_id": "test/0",
"prompt": "def return1():\n",
"canonical_solution": " return 1",
"test": "def check(candidate):\n assert candidate() == 1",
"entry_point": "return1"
}
```
### Data Fields
- `task_id`: identifier for the data sample
- `prompt`: input for the model containing function header and docstrings
- `canonical_solution`: solution for the problem in the `prompt`
- `test`: contains function to test generated code for correctness
- `entry_point`: entry point for test
### Data Splits
The dataset only consists of a test split with 164 samples.
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
Since code generation models are often trained on dumps of GitHub a dataset not included in the dump was necessary to properly evaluate the model. However, since this dataset was published on GitHub it is likely to be included in future dumps.
### Source Data
The dataset was handcrafted by engineers and researchers at OpenAI.
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed]
### Annotations
[More Information Needed]
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
None.
## Considerations for Using the Data
Make sure you execute generated Python code in a safe environment when evauating against this dataset as generated code could be harmful.
### Social Impact of Dataset
With this dataset code generating models can be better evaluated which leads to fewer issues introduced when using such models.
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
OpenAI
### Licensing Information
MIT License
### Citation Information
```
@misc{chen2021evaluating,
title={Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Code},
author={Mark Chen and Jerry Tworek and Heewoo Jun and Qiming Yuan and Henrique Ponde de Oliveira Pinto and Jared Kaplan and Harri Edwards and Yuri Burda and Nicholas Joseph and Greg Brockman and Alex Ray and Raul Puri and Gretchen Krueger and Michael Petrov and Heidy Khlaaf and Girish Sastry and Pamela Mishkin and Brooke Chan and Scott Gray and Nick Ryder and Mikhail Pavlov and Alethea Power and Lukasz Kaiser and Mohammad Bavarian and Clemens Winter and Philippe Tillet and Felipe Petroski Such and Dave Cummings and Matthias Plappert and Fotios Chantzis and Elizabeth Barnes and Ariel Herbert-Voss and William Hebgen Guss and Alex Nichol and Alex Paino and Nikolas Tezak and Jie Tang and Igor Babuschkin and Suchir Balaji and Shantanu Jain and William Saunders and Christopher Hesse and Andrew N. Carr and Jan Leike and Josh Achiam and Vedant Misra and Evan Morikawa and Alec Radford and Matthew Knight and Miles Brundage and Mira Murati and Katie Mayer and Peter Welinder and Bob McGrew and Dario Amodei and Sam McCandlish and Ilya Sutskever and Wojciech Zaremba},
year={2021},
eprint={2107.03374},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.LG}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@lvwerra](https://github.com/lvwerra) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for [Dataset Name]
## Table of Contents
- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** https://github.com/Helsinki-NLP/Tatoeba-Challenge/
- **Repository:** https://github.com/Helsinki-NLP/Tatoeba-Challenge/
- **Paper:** [The Tatoeba Translation Challenge – Realistic Data Sets for Low Resource and Multilingual MT](https://aclanthology.org/2020.wmt-1.139/)
- **Leaderboard:**
- **Point of Contact:** [Jörg Tiedemann](mailto:jorg.tiedemann@helsinki.fi)
### Dataset Summary
The Tatoeba Translation Challenge is a multilingual data set of machine translation benchmarks derived from user-contributed translations collected by [Tatoeba.org](https://tatoeba.org/) and provided as parallel corpus from [OPUS](https://opus.nlpl.eu/). This dataset includes test and development data sorted by language pair. It includes test sets for hundreds of language pairs and is continuously updated. Please, check the version number tag to refer to the release that your are using.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
The translation task is described in detail in the [Tatoeba-Challenge repository](https://github.com/Helsinki-NLP/Tatoeba-Challenge) and covers various sub-tasks with different data coverage and resources. [Training data](https://github.com/Helsinki-NLP/Tatoeba-Challenge/blob/master/data/README.md) is also available from the same repository and [results](https://github.com/Helsinki-NLP/Tatoeba-Challenge/blob/master/results/tatoeba-results-all.md) are published and collected as well. [Models](https://github.com/Helsinki-NLP/Tatoeba-Challenge/blob/master/results/tatoeba-models-all.md) are also released for public use and are also partially available from the [huggingface model hub](https://huggingface.co/Helsinki-NLP).
### Languages
The data set covers hundreds of languages and language pairs and are organized by ISO-639-3 languages. The current release covers the following language: Afrikaans, Arabic, Azerbaijani, Belarusian, Bulgarian, Bengali, Breton, Bosnian, Catalan, Chamorro, Czech, Chuvash, Welsh, Danish, German, Modern Greek, English, Esperanto, Spanish, Estonian, Basque, Persian, Finnish, Faroese, French, Western Frisian, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, Galician, Guarani, Hebrew, Hindi, Croatian, Hungarian, Armenian, Interlingua, Indonesian, Interlingue, Ido, Icelandic, Italian, Japanese, Javanese, Georgian, Kazakh, Khmer, Korean, Kurdish, Cornish, Latin, Luxembourgish, Lithuanian, Latvian, Maori, Macedonian, Malayalam, Mongolian, Marathi, Malay, Maltese, Burmese, Norwegian Bokmål, Dutch, Norwegian Nynorsk, Norwegian, Occitan, Polish, Portuguese, Quechua, Rundi, Romanian, Russian, Serbo-Croatian, Slovenian, Albanian, Serbian, Swedish, Swahili, Tamil, Telugu, Thai, Turkmen, Tagalog, Turkish, Tatar, Uighur, Ukrainian, Urdu, Uzbek, Vietnamese, Volapük, Yiddish, Chinese
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
Data instances are given as translation units in TAB-separated files with four columns: source and target language ISO-639-3 codes, source language text and target language text. Note that we do not imply a translation direction and consider the data set to be symmetric and to be used as a test set in both directions. Language-pair-specific subsets are only provided under the label of one direction using sorted ISO-639-3 language IDs.
Some subsets contain several sub-languages or language variants. They may refer to macro-languages such as Serbo-Croatian languages that are covered by the ISO code `hbs`. Language variants may also include different writing systems and in that case the ISO15924 script codes are attached to the language codes. Here are a few examples from the English to Serbo-Croation test set including examples for Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian in Cyrillic and in Latin scripts:
```
eng bos_Latn Children are the flowers of our lives. Djeca su cvijeće našeg života.
eng hrv A bird was flying high up in the sky. Ptica je visoko letjela nebom.
eng srp_Cyrl A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. Боље врабац у руци, него голуб на грани.
eng srp_Latn Canada is the motherland of ice hockey. Kanada je zemlja-majka hokeja na ledu.
```
There are also data sets with sentence pairs in the same language. In most cases, those are variants with minor spelling differences but they also include rephrased sentences. Here are a few examples from the English test set:
```
eng eng All of us got into the car. We all got in the car.
eng eng All of us hope that doesn't happen. All of us hope that that doesn't happen.
eng eng All the seats are booked. The seats are all sold out.
```
### Data Splits
Test and development data sets are disjoint with respect to sentence pairs but may include overlaps in individual source or target language sentences. Development data should not be used in training directly. The goal of the data splits is to create test sets of reasonable size with a large language coverage. Test sets include at most 10,000 instances. Development data do not exist for all language pairs.
To be comparable with other results, models should use the training data distributed from the [Tatoeba MT Challenge Repository](https://github.com/Helsinki-NLP/Tatoeba-Challenge/) including monolingual data sets also listed there.
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
The Tatoeba MT data set will be updated continuously and the data preparation procedures are also public and released on [github](https://github.com/Helsinki-NLP/Tatoeba-Challenge/). High language coverage is the main goal of the project and data sets are prepared to be consistent and systematic with standardized language labels and distribution formats.
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
The Tatoeba data sets are collected from user-contributed translations submitted to [Tatoeba.org](https://tatoeba.org/) and compiled into a multi-parallel corpus in [OPUS](https://opus.nlpl.eu/Tatoeba.php). The test and development sets are incrementally updated with new releases of the Tatoeba data collection at OPUS. New releases extend the existing data sets. Test sets should not overlap with any of the released development data sets.
#### Who are the source language producers?
The data sets come from [Tatoeba.org](https://tatoeba.org/), which provides a large database of sentences and their translations into a wide varity of languages. Its content is constantly growing as a result of voluntary contributions of thousands of users.
The original project was founded by Trang Ho in 2006, hosted on Sourceforge under the codename of multilangdict.
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
Sentences are translated by volunteers and the Tatoeba database also provides additional metadata about each record including user ratings etc. However, the metadata is currently not used in any way for the compilation of the MT benchmark. Language skills of contributors naturally vary quite a bit and not all translations are done by native speakers of the target language. More information about the contributions can be found at [Tatoeba.org](https://tatoeba.org/).
#### Who are the annotators?
### Personal and Sensitive Information
For information about handling personal and sensitive information we refer to the [original provider](https://tatoeba.org/) of the data. This data set has not been processed in any way to detect or remove potentially sensitve or personal information.
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
The language coverage is high and with that it represents a highly valuable resource for machine translation development especially for lesser resourced languages and language pairs. The constantly growing database also represents a dynamic resource and its value wil grow further.
### Discussion of Biases
The original source lives from its contributors and there interest and background will to certain subjective and cultural biases. Language coverage and translation quality is also biased by the skills of the contributors.
### Other Known Limitations
The sentences are typically quite short and, therefore, rather easy to translate. For high-resource languages, this leads to results that will be less useful than more challenging benchmarks. For lesser resource language pairs, the limited complexity of the examples is actually a good thing to measure progress even in very challenging setups.
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
The data set is curated by the University of Helsinki and its [language technology research group](https://blogs.helsinki.fi/language-technology/). Data and tools used for creating and using the resource are [open source](https://github.com/Helsinki-NLP/Tatoeba-Challenge/) and will be maintained as part of the [OPUS ecosystem](https://opus.nlpl.eu/) for parallel data and machine translation research.
### Licensing Information
The data sets are distributed under the same licence agreement as the original Tatoeba database using a
[CC-BY 2.0 license](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/fr/). More information about the terms of use of the original data sets is listed [here](https://tatoeba.org/eng/terms_of_use).
### Citation Information
If you use the data sets then, please, cite the following paper: [The Tatoeba Translation Challenge – Realistic Data Sets for Low Resource and Multilingual MT](https://aclanthology.org/2020.wmt-1.139/)
```
@inproceedings{tiedemann-2020-tatoeba,
title = "The Tatoeba Translation Challenge {--} Realistic Data Sets for Low Resource and Multilingual {MT}",
author = {Tiedemann, J{\"o}rg},
booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Machine Translation",
month = nov,
year = "2020",
address = "Online",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://aclanthology.org/2020.wmt-1.139",
pages = "1174--1182",
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@jorgtied](https://github.com/jorgtied) and [@Helsinki-NLP](https://github.com/Helsinki-NLP) for adding this dataset.
Thanks also to [CSC Finland](https://www.csc.fi/en/solutions-for-research) for providing computational resources and storage space for the work on OPUS and other MT projects.
|
false |
# Dataset Card for P3
## Table of Contents
- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** https://bigscience.huggingface.co/promptsource
- **Repository:** https://github.com/bigscience-workshop/promptsource/
- **Paper:** [Multitask Prompted Training Enables Zero-Shot Task Generalization](https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.08207)
- **Point of Contact:** [Victor Sanh](mailto:victor@huggingface.co)
### Dataset Summary
P3 (Public Pool of Prompts) is a collection of prompted English datasets covering a diverse set of NLP tasks. A prompt is the combination of an input template and a target template. The templates are functions mapping a data example into natural language for the input and target sequences. For example, in the case of an NLI dataset, the data example would include fields for *Premise, Hypothesis, Label*. An input template would be *If {Premise} is true, is it also true that {Hypothesis}?*, whereas a target template can be defined with the label choices *Choices[label]*. Here *Choices* is prompt-specific metadata that consists of the options *yes, maybe, no* corresponding to *label* being entailment (0), neutral (1) or contradiction (2).
Prompts are collected using [Promptsource](https://github.com/bigscience-workshop/promptsource), an interface to interactively write prompts on datasets, and collect prompt-specific metadata such as evaluation metrics. As of October 13th, there are 2'000 prompts collected for 270+ data(sub)sets. The collection of prompts of P3 is publicly available on [Promptsource](https://github.com/bigscience-workshop/promptsource).
To train [T0*](https://huggingface.co/bigscience/T0pp), we used a subset of the prompts available in Promptsource (see details [here](https://huggingface.co/bigscience/T0pp#training-data)). However, some of the prompts use `random.choice`, a method that selects uniformly at random an option in a list of valid possibilities. For reproducibility purposes, we release the collection of prompted examples used to train T0*. **The data available here are the materialized version of the prompted datasets used in [Multitask Prompted Training Enables Zero-Shot Task Generalization](https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.08207) which represent only a subset of the datasets for which there is at least one prompt in Promptsource.**
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
The tasks represented in P3 cover a diverse set of NLP tasks including multiple-choice QA, sentiment analysis or natural language inference. We detail the full list of datasets in [Source Data](#source-data).
### Languages
The data in P3 are in English (BCP-47 `en`).
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
An example of "train" looks as follows:
```bash
{
'answer_choices': ['safe', 'trolley'],
'inputs': [86, 8, 7142, 666, 6, 405, 8, 3, 834, 1518, 21, 1346, 42, 31682, 58, 37, 3, 929, 9, 3042, 63, 2765, 808, 8, 2045, 6448, 326, 13, 8, 31682, 11, 3, 24052, 135, 16, 8, 1346, 552, 8, 3, 834, 47, 6364, 5], 'inputs_pretokenized': 'In the sentence below, does the _ stand for safe or trolley?\nThe treasury workers took the gold bars off of the trolley and stacked them in the safe until the _ was empty.',
'targets': [31682, 1],
'targets_pretokenized': '\ntrolley'
}
```
In the case of rank classification (letting the model select its the prediction the option with the highest log-likelihood), an example looks as follows:
```bash
{
'idx': [5, 0],
'inputs': [86, 8, 7142, 666, 6, 405, 8, 3, 834, 1518, 21, 19454, 42, 22227, 58, 19454, 744, 31, 17, 2112, 4553, 17742, 7, 12, 1953, 6, 298, 22227, 966, 373, 405, 5, 3, 834, 19, 72, 952, 12, 619, 16, 3, 9, 17742, 3298, 5],
'inputs_pretokenized': "In the sentence below, does the _ stand for Kyle or Logan?\nKyle doesn't wear leg warmers to bed, while Logan almost always does. _ is more likely to live in a warmer climate.",
'is_correct': True,
'targets': [19454, 1],
'targets_pretokenized': 'Kyle',
'weight': 1.0
}
```
To check all the prompted examples, you can use the [Promptsource hosted tool](http://bigscience.huggingface.co/promptsource) and choose the `Prompted dataset viewer` mode in the left panel.
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all splits:
- `answer_choices`: the choices (in natural language) available to the model
- `inputs_pretokenized`: the natural language input fed to the model
- `targets_pretokenized`: the natural language target that the model has to generate
- `inputs`: the tokenized input with [T5](https://huggingface.co/google/t5-v1_1-base)'s tokenizer
- `targets`: the tokenized target with [T5](https://huggingface.co/google/t5-v1_1-base)'s tokenizer
- `idx`: identifier of the (example, answer_option_id) in the case of rank classification
- `weight`: a weight for the example produced by seqio (always set to 1.0 in practise)
- `is_correct`: whether the (example, answer_option_id) is the correct one
### Data Splits
The list of data splits and their respective sizes is very long. You'll find the whole list in this [file](https://huggingface.co/datasets/bigscience/P3/blob/main/tasks_splits_and_features.py).
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
The Public Pool of Prompts relies on the Hugging Face Dataset library. Any public dataset in the Datasets library can be prompted. We select the datasets that have at least one subset in English and excluded datasets containing (predominantly) non-natural language examples.
We conservatively decided not to prompt datasets that contain potentially harmful content (for instance, datasets built on social media content). However, we sometimes prompt datasets that are purposefully built to measure bias and fairness of trained models, and reserve these prompted datasets (the validation or test sets) for evaluation purposes.
### Source Data
Here's the full list of the datasets present in the materialized version of P3:
- Multiple-Choice QA
- CommonsenseQA
- DREAM
- QUAIL
- QuaRTz
- Social IQA
- WiQA
- Cosmos
- QASC
- Quarel
- SciQ
- Wiki Hop
- ARC
- OpenBookQA
- MultiRC
- PIQA
- RACE
- HellaSwag
- BoolQ
- Extractive QA
- Adversarial QA
- Quoref
- DuoRC
- ROPES
- SQuAD v2
- ReCoRD
- Close-book QA
- Hotpot QA
- Wiki QA
- Trivia QA
- Web Questions
- Structure-to-text
- Common Gen
- Wiki Bio
- Sentiment
- Amazon
- App Reviews
- IMDB
- Rotten Tomatoes
- Yelp
- Summarization
- CNN Daily Mail
- Gigaword
- MultiNews
- SamSum
- XSum
- Topic Classification
- AG News
- DBPedia
- TREC
- Paraphrase Identification
- MRPC
- PAWS
- QQP
- Natural Language Inference
- ANLI
- CB
- RTE
- Coreference Resolution
- WSC
- Winogrande
- Word Sense disambiguation
- WiC
- Sentence Completion
- COPA
- HellaSwag
- Story Cloze
### Annotations
The prompts available in Promptsource are collected as part of BigScience, one-year long research workshop on large multilingual models and datasets. 36 contributors affiliated with 24 institutions in 8 countries participated to the prompt collection. Contributors are in majority machine learning researchers or machine learning engineers.
The main annotation guideline was that prompts needed to be grammatical and understandable by a native English speaker with no prior experience of the tasks. Additionally, prompts that required explicit counting or numerical indexing were removed in favor of natural language variants, e.g., instead of predicting indices of a span to extract (e.g. in extractive question answering), the model was expected to copy the span's text instead. With these minimal constraints, prompt writers were encouraged to use both formal and creative prompts and various orderings of the data. Most of the prompts correspond directly to a version of the original proposed task, although we also allowed prompts that permuted the original task (for instance, generating a document from its summary) or allowed for ambiguous output (for instance, not indicating a list of available choices).
The full annotation given to the contributors can be found [here](https://github.com/bigscience-workshop/promptsource/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md). *Note to self: the link is currently being updated with the)
## Additional Information
### Licensing Information
The dataset is released under Apache 2.0.
### Citation Information
```bibtex
@misc{sanh2021multitask,
title={Multitask Prompted Training Enables Zero-Shot Task Generalization},
author={Victor Sanh and Albert Webson and Colin Raffel and Stephen H. Bach and Lintang Sutawika and Zaid Alyafeai and Antoine Chaffin and Arnaud Stiegler and Teven Le Scao and Arun Raja and Manan Dey and M Saiful Bari and Canwen Xu and Urmish Thakker and Shanya Sharma Sharma and Eliza Szczechla and Taewoon Kim and Gunjan Chhablani and Nihal Nayak and Debajyoti Datta and Jonathan Chang and Mike Tian-Jian Jiang and Han Wang and Matteo Manica and Sheng Shen and Zheng Xin Yong and Harshit Pandey and Rachel Bawden and Thomas Wang and Trishala Neeraj and Jos Rozen and Abheesht Sharma and Andrea Santilli and Thibault Fevry and Jason Alan Fries and Ryan Teehan and Stella Biderman and Leo Gao and Tali Bers and Thomas Wolf and Alexander M. Rush},
year={2021},
eprint={2110.08207},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.LG}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to the contributors of [promptsource](https://github.com/bigscience-workshop/promptsource/graphs/contributors) for adding this dataset.
|
true |
# Dataset Card for "xtreme"
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [https://github.com/google-research/xtreme](https://github.com/google-research/xtreme)
- **Repository:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Paper:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 15.88 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.08 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 16.96 GB
### Dataset Summary
The Cross-lingual Natural Language Inference (XNLI) corpus is a crowd-sourced collection of 5,000 test and
2,500 dev pairs for the MultiNLI corpus. The pairs are annotated with textual entailment and translated into
14 languages: French, Spanish, German, Greek, Bulgarian, Russian, Turkish, Arabic, Vietnamese, Thai, Chinese,
Hindi, Swahili and Urdu. This results in 112.5k annotated pairs. Each premise can be associated with the
corresponding hypothesis in the 15 languages, summing up to more than 1.5M combinations. The corpus is made to
evaluate how to perform inference in any language (including low-resources ones like Swahili or Urdu) when only
English NLI data is available at training time. One solution is cross-lingual sentence encoding, for which XNLI
is an evaluation benchmark.
The Cross-lingual TRansfer Evaluation of Multilingual Encoders (XTREME) benchmark is a benchmark for the evaluation of
the cross-lingual generalization ability of pre-trained multilingual models. It covers 40 typologically diverse languages
(spanning 12 language families) and includes nine tasks that collectively require reasoning about different levels of
syntax and semantics. The languages in XTREME are selected to maximize language diversity, coverage in existing tasks,
and availability of training data. Among these are many under-studied languages, such as the Dravidian languages Tamil
(spoken in southern India, Sri Lanka, and Singapore), Telugu and Malayalam (spoken mainly in southern India), and the
Niger-Congo languages Swahili and Yoruba, spoken in Africa.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Languages
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
#### MLQA.ar.ar
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 75.72 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 9.20 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 84.91 MB
An example of 'validation' looks as follows.
```
```
#### MLQA.ar.de
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 75.72 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 2.55 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 78.27 MB
An example of 'validation' looks as follows.
```
```
#### MLQA.ar.en
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 75.72 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 9.04 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 84.76 MB
An example of 'validation' looks as follows.
```
```
#### MLQA.ar.es
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 75.72 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 3.27 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 78.99 MB
An example of 'validation' looks as follows.
```
```
#### MLQA.ar.hi
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 75.72 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 3.32 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 79.04 MB
An example of 'validation' looks as follows.
```
```
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all splits.
#### MLQA.ar.ar
- `id`: a `string` feature.
- `title`: a `string` feature.
- `context`: a `string` feature.
- `question`: a `string` feature.
- `answers`: a dictionary feature containing:
- `answer_start`: a `int32` feature.
- `text`: a `string` feature.
#### MLQA.ar.de
- `id`: a `string` feature.
- `title`: a `string` feature.
- `context`: a `string` feature.
- `question`: a `string` feature.
- `answers`: a dictionary feature containing:
- `answer_start`: a `int32` feature.
- `text`: a `string` feature.
#### MLQA.ar.en
- `id`: a `string` feature.
- `title`: a `string` feature.
- `context`: a `string` feature.
- `question`: a `string` feature.
- `answers`: a dictionary feature containing:
- `answer_start`: a `int32` feature.
- `text`: a `string` feature.
#### MLQA.ar.es
- `id`: a `string` feature.
- `title`: a `string` feature.
- `context`: a `string` feature.
- `question`: a `string` feature.
- `answers`: a dictionary feature containing:
- `answer_start`: a `int32` feature.
- `text`: a `string` feature.
#### MLQA.ar.hi
- `id`: a `string` feature.
- `title`: a `string` feature.
- `context`: a `string` feature.
- `question`: a `string` feature.
- `answers`: a dictionary feature containing:
- `answer_start`: a `int32` feature.
- `text`: a `string` feature.
### Data Splits
| name |validation|test|
|----------|---------:|---:|
|MLQA.ar.ar| 517|5335|
|MLQA.ar.de| 207|1649|
|MLQA.ar.en| 517|5335|
|MLQA.ar.es| 161|1978|
|MLQA.ar.hi| 186|1831|
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Licensing Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Citation Information
```
@InProceedings{conneau2018xnli,
author = {Conneau, Alexis
and Rinott, Ruty
and Lample, Guillaume
and Williams, Adina
and Bowman, Samuel R.
and Schwenk, Holger
and Stoyanov, Veselin},
title = {XNLI: Evaluating Cross-lingual Sentence Representations},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods
in Natural Language Processing},
year = {2018},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
location = {Brussels, Belgium},
}
@article{hu2020xtreme,
author = {Junjie Hu and Sebastian Ruder and Aditya Siddhant and Graham Neubig and Orhan Firat and Melvin Johnson},
title = {XTREME: A Massively Multilingual Multi-task Benchmark for Evaluating Cross-lingual Generalization},
journal = {CoRR},
volume = {abs/2003.11080},
year = {2020},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
eprint = {2003.11080}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@thomwolf](https://github.com/thomwolf), [@jplu](https://github.com/jplu), [@lewtun](https://github.com/lewtun), [@lvwerra](https://github.com/lvwerra), [@lhoestq](https://github.com/lhoestq), [@patrickvonplaten](https://github.com/patrickvonplaten), [@mariamabarham](https://github.com/mariamabarham) for adding this dataset. |
false | # Dataset Card for CNN Dailymail Dataset
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:**
- **Repository:** [CNN / DailyMail Dataset repository](https://github.com/abisee/cnn-dailymail)
- **Paper:** [Abstractive Text Summarization Using Sequence-to-Sequence RNNs and Beyond](https://papers.nips.cc/paper/5945-teaching-machines-to-read-and-comprehend.pdf), [Get To The Point: Summarization with Pointer-Generator Networks](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K16-1028.pdf)
- **Leaderboard:** [Papers with Code leaderboard for CNN / Dailymail Dataset](https://paperswithcode.com/sota/document-summarization-on-cnn-daily-mail)
- **Point of Contact:** [Abigail See](mailto:abisee@stanford.edu)
### Dataset Summary
The CNN / DailyMail Dataset is an English-language dataset containing just over 300k unique news articles as written by journalists at CNN and the Daily Mail. The current version supports both extractive and abstractive summarization, though the original version was created for machine reading and comprehension and abstractive question answering.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
- 'summarization': [Versions 2.0.0 and 3.0.0 of the CNN / DailyMail Dataset](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K16-1028.pdf) can be used to train a model for abstractive and extractive summarization ([Version 1.0.0](https://papers.nips.cc/paper/5945-teaching-machines-to-read-and-comprehend.pdf) was developed for machine reading and comprehension and abstractive question answering). The model performance is measured by how high the output summary's [ROUGE](https://huggingface.co/metrics/rouge) score for a given article is when compared to the highlight as written by the original article author. [Zhong et al (2020)](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.acl-main.552.pdf) report a ROUGE-1 score of 44.41 when testing a model trained for extractive summarization. See the [Papers With Code leaderboard](https://paperswithcode.com/sota/document-summarization-on-cnn-daily-mail) for more models.
### Languages
The BCP-47 code for English as generally spoken in the United States is en-US and the BCP-47 code for English as generally spoken in the United Kingdom is en-GB. It is unknown if other varieties of English are represented in the data.
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
For each instance, there is a string for the article, a string for the highlights, and a string for the id. See the [CNN / Daily Mail dataset viewer](https://huggingface.co/datasets/viewer/?dataset=cnn_dailymail&config=3.0.0) to explore more examples.
```
{'id': '0054d6d30dbcad772e20b22771153a2a9cbeaf62',
'article': '(CNN) -- An American woman died aboard a cruise ship that docked at Rio de Janeiro on Tuesday, the same ship on which 86 passengers previously fell ill, according to the state-run Brazilian news agency, Agencia Brasil. The American tourist died aboard the MS Veendam, owned by cruise operator Holland America. Federal Police told Agencia Brasil that forensic doctors were investigating her death. The ship's doctors told police that the woman was elderly and suffered from diabetes and hypertension, according the agency. The other passengers came down with diarrhea prior to her death during an earlier part of the trip, the ship's doctors said. The Veendam left New York 36 days ago for a South America tour.'
'highlights': 'The elderly woman suffered from diabetes and hypertension, ship's doctors say .\nPreviously, 86 passengers had fallen ill on the ship, Agencia Brasil says .'}
```
The average token count for the articles and the highlights are provided below:
| Feature | Mean Token Count |
| ---------- | ---------------- |
| Article | 781 |
| Highlights | 56 |
### Data Fields
- `id`: a string containing the heximal formated SHA1 hash of the url where the story was retrieved from
- `article`: a string containing the body of the news article
- `highlights`: a string containing the highlight of the article as written by the article author
### Data Splits
The CNN/DailyMail dataset has 3 splits: _train_, _validation_, and _test_. Below are the statistics for Version 3.0.0 of the dataset.
| Dataset Split | Number of Instances in Split |
| ------------- | ------------------------------------------- |
| Train | 287,113 |
| Validation | 13,368 |
| Test | 11,490 |
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
Version 1.0.0 aimed to support supervised neural methodologies for machine reading and question answering with a large amount of real natural language training data and released about 313k unique articles and nearly 1M Cloze style questions to go with the articles. Versions 2.0.0 and 3.0.0 changed the structure of the dataset to support summarization rather than question answering. Version 3.0.0 provided a non-anonymized version of the data, whereas both the previous versions were preprocessed to replace named entities with unique identifier labels.
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
The data consists of news articles and highlight sentences. In the question answering setting of the data, the articles are used as the context and entities are hidden one at a time in the highlight sentences, producing Cloze style questions where the goal of the model is to correctly guess which entity in the context has been hidden in the highlight. In the summarization setting, the highlight sentences are concatenated to form a summary of the article. The CNN articles were written between April 2007 and April 2015. The Daily Mail articles were written between June 2010 and April 2015.
The code for the original data collection is available at <https://github.com/deepmind/rc-data>. The articles were downloaded using archives of <www.cnn.com> and <www.dailymail.co.uk> on the Wayback Machine. Articles were not included in the Version 1.0.0 collection if they exceeded 2000 tokens. Due to accessibility issues with the Wayback Machine, Kyunghyun Cho has made the datasets available at <https://cs.nyu.edu/~kcho/DMQA/>. An updated version of the code that does not anonymize the data is available at <https://github.com/abisee/cnn-dailymail>.
Hermann et al provided their own tokenization script. The script provided by See uses the PTBTokenizer. It also lowercases the text and adds periods to lines missing them.
#### Who are the source language producers?
The text was written by journalists at CNN and the Daily Mail.
### Annotations
The dataset does not contain any additional annotations.
#### Annotation process
[N/A]
#### Who are the annotators?
[N/A]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
Version 3.0 is not anonymized, so individuals' names can be found in the dataset. Information about the original author is not included in the dataset.
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
The purpose of this dataset is to help develop models that can summarize long paragraphs of text in one or two sentences.
This task is useful for efficiently presenting information given a large quantity of text. It should be made clear that any summarizations produced by models trained on this dataset are reflective of the language used in the articles, but are in fact automatically generated.
### Discussion of Biases
[Bordia and Bowman (2019)](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N19-3002.pdf) explore measuring gender bias and debiasing techniques in the CNN / Dailymail dataset, the Penn Treebank, and WikiText-2. They find the CNN / Dailymail dataset to have a slightly lower gender bias based on their metric compared to the other datasets, but still show evidence of gender bias when looking at words such as 'fragile'.
Because the articles were written by and for people in the US and the UK, they will likely present specifically US and UK perspectives and feature events that are considered relevant to those populations during the time that the articles were published.
### Other Known Limitations
News articles have been shown to conform to writing conventions in which important information is primarily presented in the first third of the article [(Kryściński et al, 2019)](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D19-1051.pdf). [Chen et al (2016)](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P16-1223.pdf) conducted a manual study of 100 random instances of the first version of the dataset and found 25% of the samples to be difficult even for humans to answer correctly due to ambiguity and coreference errors.
It should also be noted that machine-generated summarizations, even when extractive, may differ in truth values when compared to the original articles.
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
The data was originally collected by Karl Moritz Hermann, Tomáš Kočiský, Edward Grefenstette, Lasse Espeholt, Will Kay, Mustafa Suleyman, and Phil Blunsom of Google DeepMind. Tomáš Kočiský and Phil Blunsom are also affiliated with the University of Oxford. They released scripts to collect and process the data into the question answering format.
Ramesh Nallapati, Bowen Zhou, Cicero dos Santos, and Bing Xiang of IMB Watson and Çağlar Gu̇lçehre of Université de Montréal modified Hermann et al's collection scripts to restore the data to a summary format. They also produced both anonymized and non-anonymized versions.
The code for the non-anonymized version is made publicly available by Abigail See of Stanford University, Peter J. Liu of Google Brain and Christopher D. Manning of Stanford University at <https://github.com/abisee/cnn-dailymail>. The work at Stanford University was supported by the DARPA DEFT ProgramAFRL contract no. FA8750-13-2-0040.
### Licensing Information
The CNN / Daily Mail dataset version 1.0.0 is released under the [Apache-2.0 License](http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0).
### Citation Information
```
@inproceedings{see-etal-2017-get,
title = "Get To The Point: Summarization with Pointer-Generator Networks",
author = "See, Abigail and
Liu, Peter J. and
Manning, Christopher D.",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
month = jul,
year = "2017",
address = "Vancouver, Canada",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P17-1099",
doi = "10.18653/v1/P17-1099",
pages = "1073--1083",
abstract = "Neural sequence-to-sequence models have provided a viable new approach for abstractive text summarization (meaning they are not restricted to simply selecting and rearranging passages from the original text). However, these models have two shortcomings: they are liable to reproduce factual details inaccurately, and they tend to repeat themselves. In this work we propose a novel architecture that augments the standard sequence-to-sequence attentional model in two orthogonal ways. First, we use a hybrid pointer-generator network that can copy words from the source text via pointing, which aids accurate reproduction of information, while retaining the ability to produce novel words through the generator. Second, we use coverage to keep track of what has been summarized, which discourages repetition. We apply our model to the CNN / Daily Mail summarization task, outperforming the current abstractive state-of-the-art by at least 2 ROUGE points.",
}
```
```
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/nips/HermannKGEKSB15,
author={Karl Moritz Hermann and Tomás Kociský and Edward Grefenstette and Lasse Espeholt and Will Kay and Mustafa Suleyman and Phil Blunsom},
title={Teaching Machines to Read and Comprehend},
year={2015},
cdate={1420070400000},
pages={1693-1701},
url={http://papers.nips.cc/paper/5945-teaching-machines-to-read-and-comprehend},
booktitle={NIPS},
crossref={conf/nips/2015}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@thomwolf](https://github.com/thomwolf), [@lewtun](https://github.com/lewtun), [@jplu](https://github.com/jplu), [@jbragg](https://github.com/jbragg), [@patrickvonplaten](https://github.com/patrickvonplaten) and [@mcmillanmajora](https://github.com/mcmillanmajora) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for "squad_v2"
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Card for "squad_v2"](#dataset-card-for-squad_v2)
- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [squad_v2](#squad_v2)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [squad_v2](#squad_v2-1)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Initial Data Collection and Normalization](#initial-data-collection-and-normalization)
- [Who are the source language producers?](#who-are-the-source-language-producers)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Annotation process](#annotation-process)
- [Who are the annotators?](#who-are-the-annotators)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [https://rajpurkar.github.io/SQuAD-explorer/](https://rajpurkar.github.io/SQuAD-explorer/)
- **Repository:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Paper:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 46.49 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 128.52 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 175.02 MB
### Dataset Summary
combines the 100,000 questions in SQuAD1.1 with over 50,000 unanswerable questions written adversarially by crowdworkers
to look similar to answerable ones. To do well on SQuAD2.0, systems must not only answer questions when possible, but
also determine when no answer is supported by the paragraph and abstain from answering.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Languages
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
#### squad_v2
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 46.49 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 128.52 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 175.02 MB
An example of 'validation' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"answers": {
"answer_start": [94, 87, 94, 94],
"text": ["10th and 11th centuries", "in the 10th and 11th centuries", "10th and 11th centuries", "10th and 11th centuries"]
},
"context": "\"The Normans (Norman: Nourmands; French: Normands; Latin: Normanni) were the people who in the 10th and 11th centuries gave thei...",
"id": "56ddde6b9a695914005b9629",
"question": "When were the Normans in Normandy?",
"title": "Normans"
}
```
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all splits.
#### squad_v2
- `id`: a `string` feature.
- `title`: a `string` feature.
- `context`: a `string` feature.
- `question`: a `string` feature.
- `answers`: a dictionary feature containing:
- `text`: a `string` feature.
- `answer_start`: a `int32` feature.
### Data Splits
| name | train | validation |
| -------- | -----: | ---------: |
| squad_v2 | 130319 | 11873 |
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Licensing Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Citation Information
```
@article{2016arXiv160605250R,
author = {{Rajpurkar}, Pranav and {Zhang}, Jian and {Lopyrev},
Konstantin and {Liang}, Percy},
title = "{SQuAD: 100,000+ Questions for Machine Comprehension of Text}",
journal = {arXiv e-prints},
year = 2016,
eid = {arXiv:1606.05250},
pages = {arXiv:1606.05250},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
eprint = {1606.05250},
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@lewtun](https://github.com/lewtun), [@albertvillanova](https://github.com/albertvillanova), [@patrickvonplaten](https://github.com/patrickvonplaten), [@thomwolf](https://github.com/thomwolf) for adding this dataset. |
true |
About Dataset
DBpedia (from "DB" for "database") is a project aiming to extract structured content from the information created in Wikipedia.
This is an extract of the data (after cleaning, kernel included) that provides taxonomic, hierarchical categories ("classes") for 342,782 wikipedia articles. There are 3 levels, with 9, 70 and 219 classes respectively.
A version of this dataset is a popular baseline for NLP/text classification tasks. This version of the dataset is much tougher, especially if the L2/L3 levels are used as the targets.
This is an excellent benchmark for hierarchical multiclass/multilabel text classification.
Some example approaches are included as code snippets.
Content
DBPedia dataset with multiple levels of hierarchy/classes, as a multiclass dataset.
Original DBPedia ontology (triplets data): https://wiki.dbpedia.org/develop/datasets
Listing of the class tree/taxonomy: http://mappings.dbpedia.org/server/ontology/classes/
Acknowledgements
Thanks to the Wikimedia foundation for creating Wikipedia, DBPedia and associated open-data goodness!
Thanks to my colleagues at Sparkbeyond (https://www.sparkbeyond.com) for pointing me towards the taxonomical version of this dataset (as opposed to the classic 14 class version)
Inspiration
Try different NLP models.
See also https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/danofer/dbpedia-classes
Compare to the SOTA in Text Classification on DBpedia - https://paperswithcode.com/sota/text-classification-on-dbpedia |
true |
# Dataset Card for [Dataset Name]
## Table of Contents
- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** https://nlp.stanford.edu/sentiment/
- **Repository:**
- **Paper:** [Recursive Deep Models for Semantic Compositionality Over a Sentiment Treebank](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D13-1170/)
- **Leaderboard:**
- **Point of Contact:**
### Dataset Summary
The Stanford Sentiment Treebank is a corpus with fully labeled parse trees that allows for a complete analysis of the
compositional effects of sentiment in language. The corpus is based on the dataset introduced by Pang and Lee (2005)
and consists of 11,855 single sentences extracted from movie reviews. It was parsed with the Stanford parser and
includes a total of 215,154 unique phrases from those parse trees, each annotated by 3 human judges.
Binary classification experiments on full sentences (negative or somewhat negative vs somewhat positive or positive
with neutral sentences discarded) refer to the dataset as SST-2 or SST binary.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
- `sentiment-classification`
### Languages
The text in the dataset is in English (`en`).
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
```
{'idx': 0,
'sentence': 'hide new secretions from the parental units ',
'label': 0}
```
### Data Fields
- `idx`: Monotonically increasing index ID.
- `sentence`: Complete sentence expressing an opinion about a film.
- `label`: Sentiment of the opinion, either "negative" (0) or positive (1). The test set labels are hidden (-1).
### Data Splits
| | train | validation | test |
|--------------------|---------:|-----------:|-----:|
| Number of examples | 67349 | 872 | 1821 |
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed]
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the source language producers?
Rotten Tomatoes reviewers.
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed]
### Licensing Information
Unknown.
### Citation Information
```bibtex
@inproceedings{socher-etal-2013-recursive,
title = "Recursive Deep Models for Semantic Compositionality Over a Sentiment Treebank",
author = "Socher, Richard and
Perelygin, Alex and
Wu, Jean and
Chuang, Jason and
Manning, Christopher D. and
Ng, Andrew and
Potts, Christopher",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
month = oct,
year = "2013",
address = "Seattle, Washington, USA",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D13-1170",
pages = "1631--1642",
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@albertvillanova](https://github.com/albertvillanova) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for KorQuAD v1.0
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** https://korquad.github.io/KorQuad%201.0/
- **Repository:** https://github.com/korquad/korquad.github.io/tree/master/dataset
- **Paper:** https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.07005
### Dataset Summary
KorQuAD 1.0 is a large-scale question-and-answer dataset constructed for Korean machine reading comprehension, and investigate the dataset to understand the distribution of answers and the types of reasoning required to answer the question. This dataset benchmarks the data generating process of SQuAD v1.0 to meet the standard.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
`question-answering`
### Languages
Korean
## Dataset Structure
Follows the standars SQuAD format.
### Data Instances
An example from the data set looks as follows:
```
{'answers': {'answer_start': [54], 'text': ['교향곡']},
'context': '1839년 바그너는 괴테의 파우스트을 처음 읽고 그 내용에 마음이 끌려 이를 소재로 해서 하나의 교향곡을 쓰려는 뜻을 갖는다. 이 시기 바그너는 1838년에 빛 독촉으로 산전수전을 다 걲은 상황이라 좌절과 실망에 가득했으며 메피스토펠레스를 만나는 파우스트의 심경에 공감했다고 한다. 또한 파리에서 아브네크의 지휘로 파리 음악원 관현악단이 연주하는 베토벤의 교향곡 9번을 듣고 깊은 감명을 받았는데, 이것이 이듬해 1월에 파우스트의 서곡으로 쓰여진 이 작품에 조금이라도 영향을 끼쳤으리라는 것은 의심할 여지가 없다. 여기의 라단조 조성의 경우에도 그의 전기에 적혀 있는 것처럼 단순한 정신적 피로나 실의가 반영된 것이 아니라 베토벤의 합창교향곡 조성의 영향을 받은 것을 볼 수 있다. 그렇게 교향곡 작곡을 1839년부터 40년에 걸쳐 파리에서 착수했으나 1악장을 쓴 뒤에 중단했다. 또한 작품의 완성과 동시에 그는 이 서곡(1악장)을 파리 음악원의 연주회에서 연주할 파트보까지 준비하였으나, 실제로는 이루어지지는 않았다. 결국 초연은 4년 반이 지난 후에 드레스덴에서 연주되었고 재연도 이루어졌지만, 이후에 그대로 방치되고 말았다. 그 사이에 그는 리엔치와 방황하는 네덜란드인을 완성하고 탄호이저에도 착수하는 등 분주한 시간을 보냈는데, 그런 바쁜 생활이 이 곡을 잊게 한 것이 아닌가 하는 의견도 있다.',
'id': '6566495-0-0',
'question': '바그너는 괴테의 파우스트를 읽고 무엇을 쓰고자 했는가?',
'title': '파우스트_서곡'}
```
### Data Fields
```
{'id': Value(dtype='string', id=None),
'title': Value(dtype='string', id=None),
'context': Value(dtype='string', id=None),
'question': Value(dtype='string', id=None),
'answers': Sequence(feature={'text': Value(dtype='string', id=None), 'answer_start': Value(dtype='int32', id=None)}, length=-1, id=None)}
```
### Data Splits
- Train: 60407
- Validation: 5774
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed]
### Source Data
Wikipedia
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed]
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed]
### Licensing Information
[CC BY-ND 2.0 KR](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/2.0/kr/deed.en)
### Citation Information
```
@article{lim2019korquad1,
title={Korquad1. 0: Korean qa dataset for machine reading comprehension},
author={Lim, Seungyoung and Kim, Myungji and Lee, Jooyoul},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1909.07005},
year={2019}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@cceyda](https://github.com/cceyda) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Speaker embeddings extracted from CMU ARCTIC
There is one `.npy` file for each utterance in the dataset, 7931 files in total. The speaker embeddings are 512-element X-vectors.
The [CMU ARCTIC](http://www.festvox.org/cmu_arctic/) dataset divides the utterances among the following speakers:
- bdl (US male)
- slt (US female)
- jmk (Canadian male)
- awb (Scottish male)
- rms (US male)
- clb (US female)
- ksp (Indian male)
The X-vectors were extracted using [this script](https://huggingface.co/mechanicalsea/speecht5-vc/blob/main/manifest/utils/prep_cmu_arctic_spkemb.py), which uses the `speechbrain/spkrec-xvect-voxceleb` model.
Usage:
```python
from datasets import load_dataset
embeddings_dataset = load_dataset("Matthijs/cmu-arctic-xvectors", split="validation")
speaker_embeddings = embeddings_dataset[7306]["xvector"]
speaker_embeddings = torch.tensor(speaker_embeddings).unsqueeze(0)
```
|
false |
# 📀 Falcon RefinedWeb
**Falcon RefinedWeb is a massive English web dataset built by [TII](https://www.tii.ae) and released under an ODC-By 1.0 license.**
See the 📓 [paper on arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116) for more details.
RefinedWeb is built through stringent filtering and large-scale deduplication of CommonCrawl; we found models trained on RefinedWeb to achieve performance in-line or better than models trained on curated datasets, while only relying on web data.
RefinedWeb is also "multimodal-friendly": it contains links and alt texts for images in processed samples.
This public extract should contain 500-650GT depending on the tokenizer you use, and can be enhanced with the curated corpora of your choosing. This public extract is about ~500GB to download, requiring 2.8TB of local storage once unpacked.
```python
from datasets import load_dataset
rw = load_dataset("tiiuae/falcon-refinedweb")
```
RefinedWeb is the main dataset we have used for training the [Falcon LLM](https://falconllm.tii.ae) models:
* It was used in conjunction with a curated corpora to train Falcon-[7B](https://huggingface.co/tiiuae/falcon-7b)/[40B](https://huggingface.co/tiiuae/falcon-40b), two state-of-the-art open-source models.
* It was also used to train Falcon-RW-[1B](https://huggingface.co/tiiuae/falcon-rw-1b)/[7B](https://huggingface.co/tiiuae/falcon-rw-7b), two models trained on 350 billion tokens of RefinedWeb alone to demonstrate its quality compared to curated corpora.
# Dataset card for Falcon RefinedWeb
## Dataset Description
* **Homepage:** [falconllm.tii.ae](falconllm.tii.ae)
* **Paper:** [https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116](https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116)
* **Point of Contact:** [falconllm@tii.ae](mailto:falconllm@tii.ae)
### Dataset Summary
Falcon RefinedWeb was created to serve as an English large-scale dataset for the pretraining of large language models. It may be used on its own, or augmented with curated sources (e.g., Wikipedia, StackOverflow).
It was built on top of CommonCrawl, leveraging stringent filtering and extensive deduplication.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
RefinedWeb is intended to be primarly used as a pretraining dataset for large language models. Practitioners may leverage it for upstream evaluation with a validation loss, but we do not provide any canonical split.
### Languages
RefinedWeb primarly contains English.
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
Each data instance corresponds to an individual web page which has been crawled, processed, and deduplicated against all other instances.
This public extract of RefinedWeb contains about 1B instances (968M individual web pages), for a total of 2.8TB of clean text data.
### Data Fields
* `content`: the processed and cleaned text contained in the page;
* `url`: the url of the webpage crawled to produce the sample;
* `timestamp`: timestamp of when the webpage was crawled by CommonCrawl;
* `dump`: the CommonCrawl dump the sample is a part of;
* `segment`: the CommonCrawl segment the sample is a part of;
* `image_urls`: a list of elements in the type [`image_url`, `image_alt_text`] for all the images found in the content of the sample.
### Data Splits
We do not provide any canonical splits for RefinedWeb.
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
Falcon RefinedWeb is built on-top of [CommonCrawl](https://commoncrawl.org), using the Macrodata Refinement Pipeline, which combines content extraction, filtering heuristics, and deduplication.
In designing RefinedWeb, we abided to the following philosophy:
* (1) **Scale first.** We intend MDR to produce datasets to be used to train 40-200B parameters models, thus requiring trillions of tokens [(Hoffmann et al., 2022)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.15556). For English-only RefinedWeb, we target a size of 3-6 trillion tokens. Specifically, we eschew any labour intensive human curation process, and focus on CommonCrawl instead of disparate single-domain sources.
* (2) **Strict deduplication.** Inspired by the work of [Lee et al., 2021](https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.06499), which demonstrated the value of deduplication for large language models, we implement a rigorous deduplication pipeline. We combine both exact and fuzzy deduplication, and use strict settings leading to removal rates far higher than others datasets have reported.
* (3) **Neutral filtering.** To avoid introducing further undesirable biases into the model, we avoid using ML-based filtering outside of language identification ([Dodge et al., 2021](https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.08758); [Welbl et al., 2021](https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.07445)) . We stick to simple rules and heuristics, and use only URL filtering for adult content.
During its development, we iterated on RefinedWeb by measuring the zero-shot performance of models trained on development version of the dataset. Our main goal was to maximize the performance obtained, bridging the gap between curated and web data. We also manually audited samples to identify potential filtering improvements.
### Source Data
RefinedWeb is built from [CommonCrawl](https://commoncrawl.org) dumps. These dumps are constructed from crawling publicly available web pages.
### Data Collection and Preprocessing
We applied extensive preprocessing and cleaning of the data, using our Macrodata Refinement Pipeline.
We first filter URLs to remove adult content using a blocklist and a score system, we then use `trafilatura` to extract content from pages, and perform language identification with the `fastText` classifier from CCNet ([Wenzek et al., 2019](https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.00359)). After this first preprocessing stage, we filter data using heuristics from MassiveWeb ([Rae et al., 2021](https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.11446)), and our own line-wise corrections.
Finally, we run extensive deduplication, removing URLs revisited across dumps and performing subsequently fuzzy and exact substring deduplication.
### Annotations
We provide automatically collected annotations for the source `url`, `timestamp` of the crawl, original CommonCrawl `dump` and `segment` in which the document was found, and `image_urls` contained in the page.
### Personal and Sensitive Information
As RefinedWeb is built upon publicly available web pages, it may contain sensitive information such as emails, phone numbers, or IP addresses. We believe that deduplication may have helped reduced the prevalence of PII in the dataset, but practitioners working with RefinedWeb should take care.
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
With the open-source release of Falcon RefinedWeb, we aim to increase access to high-quality web data, which has typically been held private by model developers. We believe this release will in turn improve the accessibility and the spread of performant large language models.
### Discussion of Biases
As toxic or biased data is prevalent on the internet, it is likely our dataset contains such content. Notably, using the Perspective API, we estimated the prevalence of toxic content in the dataset to be similar to The Pile.
### Other Known Limitations
Despite our best efforts to filter content that does not qualify as natural language, and to deduplicate documents, our pipeline may let through documents that may be considered as errors or redundant.
## Additional Information
### Licensing Information
This public extract is made available under an [ODC-By 1.0](https://opendatacommons.org/licenses/by/1-0/) license; users should also abide to the [CommonCrawl ToU](https://commoncrawl.org/terms-of-use/).
### Citation Information
```
@article{refinedweb,
title={The {R}efined{W}eb dataset for {F}alcon {LLM}: outperforming curated corpora with web data, and web data only},
author={Guilherme Penedo and Quentin Malartic and Daniel Hesslow and Ruxandra Cojocaru and Alessandro Cappelli and Hamza Alobeidli and Baptiste Pannier and Ebtesam Almazrouei and Julien Launay},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2306.01116},
eprint={2306.01116},
eprinttype = {arXiv},
url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116},
year={2023}
}
```
### Opt-out request
RefinedWeb is based on [CommonCrawl](https://commoncrawl.org/). Their crawler honors opt-out requests in the `robots.txt`, see the [CC FAQ](https://commoncrawl.org/big-picture/frequently-asked-questions/) for details.
To remove a document from RefinedWeb, please message falconllm@tii.ae.
### Contact
falconllm@tii.ae |
false |
# Dataset Card for "xsum"
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:**
- **Repository:** https://github.com/EdinburghNLP/XSum
- **Paper:** [Don't Give Me the Details, Just the Summary! Topic-Aware Convolutional Neural Networks for Extreme Summarization](https://arxiv.org/abs/1808.08745)
- **Point of Contact:** [Shashi Narayan](mailto:shashi.narayan@ed.ac.uk)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 257.30 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 532.26 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 789.56 MB
### Dataset Summary
Extreme Summarization (XSum) Dataset.
There are three features:
- document: Input news article.
- summary: One sentence summary of the article.
- id: BBC ID of the article.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Languages
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
#### default
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 257.30 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 532.26 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 789.56 MB
An example of 'validation' looks as follows.
```
{
"document": "some-body",
"id": "29750031",
"summary": "some-sentence"
}
```
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all splits.
#### default
- `document`: a `string` feature.
- `summary`: a `string` feature.
- `id`: a `string` feature.
### Data Splits
| name |train |validation|test |
|-------|-----:|---------:|----:|
|default|204045| 11332|11334|
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Licensing Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Citation Information
```
@article{Narayan2018DontGM,
title={Don't Give Me the Details, Just the Summary! Topic-Aware Convolutional Neural Networks for Extreme Summarization},
author={Shashi Narayan and Shay B. Cohen and Mirella Lapata},
journal={ArXiv},
year={2018},
volume={abs/1808.08745}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@thomwolf](https://github.com/thomwolf), [@lewtun](https://github.com/lewtun), [@mariamabarham](https://github.com/mariamabarham), [@jbragg](https://github.com/jbragg), [@lhoestq](https://github.com/lhoestq), [@patrickvonplaten](https://github.com/patrickvonplaten) for adding this dataset. |
true |
# Dataset Card for "trec"
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [https://cogcomp.seas.upenn.edu/Data/QA/QC/](https://cogcomp.seas.upenn.edu/Data/QA/QC/)
- **Repository:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Paper:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.36 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.41 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.78 MB
### Dataset Summary
The Text REtrieval Conference (TREC) Question Classification dataset contains 5500 labeled questions in training set and another 500 for test set.
The dataset has 6 coarse class labels and 50 fine class labels. Average length of each sentence is 10, vocabulary size of 8700.
Data are collected from four sources: 4,500 English questions published by USC (Hovy et al., 2001), about 500 manually constructed questions for a few rare classes, 894 TREC 8 and TREC 9 questions, and also 500 questions from TREC 10 which serves as the test set. These questions were manually labeled.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Languages
The language in this dataset is English (`en`).
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.36 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.41 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.78 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
'text': 'How did serfdom develop in and then leave Russia ?',
'coarse_label': 2,
'fine_label': 26
}
```
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all splits.
- `text` (`str`): Text of the question.
- `coarse_label` (`ClassLabel`): Coarse class label. Possible values are:
- 'ABBR' (0): Abbreviation.
- 'ENTY' (1): Entity.
- 'DESC' (2): Description and abstract concept.
- 'HUM' (3): Human being.
- 'LOC' (4): Location.
- 'NUM' (5): Numeric value.
- `fine_label` (`ClassLabel`): Fine class label. Possible values are:
- ABBREVIATION:
- 'ABBR:abb' (0): Abbreviation.
- 'ABBR:exp' (1): Expression abbreviated.
- ENTITY:
- 'ENTY:animal' (2): Animal.
- 'ENTY:body' (3): Organ of body.
- 'ENTY:color' (4): Color.
- 'ENTY:cremat' (5): Invention, book and other creative piece.
- 'ENTY:currency' (6): Currency name.
- 'ENTY:dismed' (7): Disease and medicine.
- 'ENTY:event' (8): Event.
- 'ENTY:food' (9): Food.
- 'ENTY:instru' (10): Musical instrument.
- 'ENTY:lang' (11): Language.
- 'ENTY:letter' (12): Letter like a-z.
- 'ENTY:other' (13): Other entity.
- 'ENTY:plant' (14): Plant.
- 'ENTY:product' (15): Product.
- 'ENTY:religion' (16): Religion.
- 'ENTY:sport' (17): Sport.
- 'ENTY:substance' (18): Element and substance.
- 'ENTY:symbol' (19): Symbols and sign.
- 'ENTY:techmeth' (20): Techniques and method.
- 'ENTY:termeq' (21): Equivalent term.
- 'ENTY:veh' (22): Vehicle.
- 'ENTY:word' (23): Word with a special property.
- DESCRIPTION:
- 'DESC:def' (24): Definition of something.
- 'DESC:desc' (25): Description of something.
- 'DESC:manner' (26): Manner of an action.
- 'DESC:reason' (27): Reason.
- HUMAN:
- 'HUM:gr' (28): Group or organization of persons
- 'HUM:ind' (29): Individual.
- 'HUM:title' (30): Title of a person.
- 'HUM:desc' (31): Description of a person.
- LOCATION:
- 'LOC:city' (32): City.
- 'LOC:country' (33): Country.
- 'LOC:mount' (34): Mountain.
- 'LOC:other' (35): Other location.
- 'LOC:state' (36): State.
- NUMERIC:
- 'NUM:code' (37): Postcode or other code.
- 'NUM:count' (38): Number of something.
- 'NUM:date' (39): Date.
- 'NUM:dist' (40): Distance, linear measure.
- 'NUM:money' (41): Price.
- 'NUM:ord' (42): Order, rank.
- 'NUM:other' (43): Other number.
- 'NUM:period' (44): Lasting time of something
- 'NUM:perc' (45): Percent, fraction.
- 'NUM:speed' (46): Speed.
- 'NUM:temp' (47): Temperature.
- 'NUM:volsize' (48): Size, area and volume.
- 'NUM:weight' (49): Weight.
### Data Splits
| name | train | test |
|---------|------:|-----:|
| default | 5452 | 500 |
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Licensing Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Citation Information
```
@inproceedings{li-roth-2002-learning,
title = "Learning Question Classifiers",
author = "Li, Xin and
Roth, Dan",
booktitle = "{COLING} 2002: The 19th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
year = "2002",
url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C02-1150",
}
@inproceedings{hovy-etal-2001-toward,
title = "Toward Semantics-Based Answer Pinpointing",
author = "Hovy, Eduard and
Gerber, Laurie and
Hermjakob, Ulf and
Lin, Chin-Yew and
Ravichandran, Deepak",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Conference on Human Language Technology Research",
year = "2001",
url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H01-1069",
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@lhoestq](https://github.com/lhoestq), [@thomwolf](https://github.com/thomwolf) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for Wikipedia
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [https://dumps.wikimedia.org](https://dumps.wikimedia.org)
- **Repository:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Paper:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Dataset Summary
Wikipedia dataset containing cleaned articles of all languages.
The datasets are built from the Wikipedia dump
(https://dumps.wikimedia.org/) with one split per language. Each example
contains the content of one full Wikipedia article with cleaning to strip
markdown and unwanted sections (references, etc.).
The articles are parsed using the ``mwparserfromhell`` tool.
To load this dataset you need to install Apache Beam and ``mwparserfromhell`` first:
```
pip install apache_beam mwparserfromhell
```
Then, you can load any subset of Wikipedia per language and per date this way:
```python
from datasets import load_dataset
load_dataset("wikipedia", language="sw", date="20220120", beam_runner=...)
```
where you can pass as `beam_runner` any Apache Beam supported runner for (distributed) data processing
(see [here](https://beam.apache.org/documentation/runners/capability-matrix/)).
Pass "DirectRunner" to run it on your machine.
You can find the full list of languages and dates [here](https://dumps.wikimedia.org/backup-index.html).
Some subsets of Wikipedia have already been processed by HuggingFace, and you can load them just with:
```python
from datasets import load_dataset
load_dataset("wikipedia", "20220301.en")
```
The list of pre-processed subsets is:
- "20220301.de"
- "20220301.en"
- "20220301.fr"
- "20220301.frr"
- "20220301.it"
- "20220301.simple"
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
The dataset is generally used for Language Modeling.
### Languages
You can find the list of languages [here](https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias).
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
An example looks as follows:
```
{'id': '1',
'url': 'https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/April',
'title': 'April',
'text': 'April is the fourth month...'
}
```
Some subsets of Wikipedia have already been processed by HuggingFace, as you can see below:
#### 20220301.de
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 6.84 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 9.34 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 16.18 GB
#### 20220301.en
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 21.60 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 21.26 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 42.86 GB
#### 20220301.fr
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 5.87 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 7.73 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 13.61 GB
#### 20220301.frr
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 13.04 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 9.57 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 22.62 MB
#### 20220301.it
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 3.69 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 4.76 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 8.45 GB
#### 20220301.simple
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 251.32 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 246.49 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 497.82 MB
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all configurations:
- `id` (`str`): ID of the article.
- `url` (`str`): URL of the article.
- `title` (`str`): Title of the article.
- `text` (`str`): Text content of the article.
### Data Splits
Here are the number of examples for several configurations:
| name | train |
|-----------------|--------:|
| 20220301.de | 2665357 |
| 20220301.en | 6458670 |
| 20220301.fr | 2402095 |
| 20220301.frr | 15199 |
| 20220301.it | 1743035 |
| 20220301.simple | 205328 |
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Licensing Information
Most of Wikipedia's text and many of its images are co-licensed under the
[Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License)
(CC BY-SA) and the [GNU Free Documentation License](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License)
(GFDL) (unversioned, with no invariant sections, front-cover texts, or back-cover texts).
Some text has been imported only under CC BY-SA and CC BY-SA-compatible license and cannot be reused under GFDL; such
text will be identified on the page footer, in the page history, or on the discussion page of the article that utilizes
the text.
### Citation Information
```
@ONLINE{wikidump,
author = "Wikimedia Foundation",
title = "Wikimedia Downloads",
url = "https://dumps.wikimedia.org"
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@lewtun](https://github.com/lewtun), [@mariamabarham](https://github.com/mariamabarham), [@thomwolf](https://github.com/thomwolf), [@lhoestq](https://github.com/lhoestq), [@patrickvonplaten](https://github.com/patrickvonplaten) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for MMLU
## Table of Contents
- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Repository**: https://github.com/hendrycks/test
- **Paper**: https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.03300
### Dataset Summary
[Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.03300) by [Dan Hendrycks](https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~hendrycks/), [Collin Burns](http://collinpburns.com), [Steven Basart](https://stevenbas.art), Andy Zou, Mantas Mazeika, [Dawn Song](https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~dawnsong/), and [Jacob Steinhardt](https://www.stat.berkeley.edu/~jsteinhardt/) (ICLR 2021).
This is a massive multitask test consisting of multiple-choice questions from various branches of knowledge. The test spans subjects in the humanities, social sciences, hard sciences, and other areas that are important for some people to learn. This covers 57 tasks including elementary mathematics, US history, computer science, law, and more. To attain high accuracy on this test, models must possess extensive world knowledge and problem solving ability.
A complete list of tasks: ['abstract_algebra', 'anatomy', 'astronomy', 'business_ethics', 'clinical_knowledge', 'college_biology', 'college_chemistry', 'college_computer_science', 'college_mathematics', 'college_medicine', 'college_physics', 'computer_security', 'conceptual_physics', 'econometrics', 'electrical_engineering', 'elementary_mathematics', 'formal_logic', 'global_facts', 'high_school_biology', 'high_school_chemistry', 'high_school_computer_science', 'high_school_european_history', 'high_school_geography', 'high_school_government_and_politics', 'high_school_macroeconomics', 'high_school_mathematics', 'high_school_microeconomics', 'high_school_physics', 'high_school_psychology', 'high_school_statistics', 'high_school_us_history', 'high_school_world_history', 'human_aging', 'human_sexuality', 'international_law', 'jurisprudence', 'logical_fallacies', 'machine_learning', 'management', 'marketing', 'medical_genetics', 'miscellaneous', 'moral_disputes', 'moral_scenarios', 'nutrition', 'philosophy', 'prehistory', 'professional_accounting', 'professional_law', 'professional_medicine', 'professional_psychology', 'public_relations', 'security_studies', 'sociology', 'us_foreign_policy', 'virology', 'world_religions']
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
| Model | Authors | Humanities | Social Science | STEM | Other | Average |
|------------------------------------|----------|:-------:|:-------:|:-------:|:-------:|:-------:|
| [UnifiedQA](https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.00700) | Khashabi et al., 2020 | 45.6 | 56.6 | 40.2 | 54.6 | 48.9
| [GPT-3](https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.14165) (few-shot) | Brown et al., 2020 | 40.8 | 50.4 | 36.7 | 48.8 | 43.9
| [GPT-2](https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.14165) | Radford et al., 2019 | 32.8 | 33.3 | 30.2 | 33.1 | 32.4
| Random Baseline | N/A | 25.0 | 25.0 | 25.0 | 25.0 | 25.0 | 25.0
### Languages
English
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
An example from anatomy subtask looks as follows:
```
{
"question": "What is the embryological origin of the hyoid bone?",
"choices": ["The first pharyngeal arch", "The first and second pharyngeal arches", "The second pharyngeal arch", "The second and third pharyngeal arches"],
"answer": "D"
}
```
### Data Fields
- `question`: a string feature
- `choices`: a list of 4 string features
- `answer`: a ClassLabel feature
### Data Splits
- `auxiliary_train`: auxiliary multiple-choice training questions from ARC, MC_TEST, OBQA, RACE, etc.
- `dev`: 5 examples per subtask, meant for few-shot setting
- `test`: there are at least 100 examples per subtask
| | auxiliary_train | dev | val | test |
| ----- | :------: | :-----: | :-----: | :-----: |
| TOTAL | 99842 | 285 | 1531 | 14042
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
Transformer models have driven this recent progress by pretraining on massive text corpora, including all of Wikipedia, thousands of books, and numerous websites. These models consequently see extensive information about specialized topics, most of which is not assessed by existing NLP benchmarks. To bridge the gap between the wide-ranging knowledge that models see during pretraining and the existing measures of success, we introduce a new benchmark for assessing models across a diverse set of subjects that humans learn.
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed]
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed]
### Licensing Information
[MIT License](https://github.com/hendrycks/test/blob/master/LICENSE)
### Citation Information
If you find this useful in your research, please consider citing the test and also the [ETHICS](https://arxiv.org/abs/2008.02275) dataset it draws from:
```
@article{hendryckstest2021,
title={Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding},
author={Dan Hendrycks and Collin Burns and Steven Basart and Andy Zou and Mantas Mazeika and Dawn Song and Jacob Steinhardt},
journal={Proceedings of the International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)},
year={2021}
}
@article{hendrycks2021ethics,
title={Aligning AI With Shared Human Values},
author={Dan Hendrycks and Collin Burns and Steven Basart and Andrew Critch and Jerry Li and Dawn Song and Jacob Steinhardt},
journal={Proceedings of the International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)},
year={2021}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@andyzoujm](https://github.com/andyzoujm) for adding this dataset.
|
true |
# Dataset Card for "ag_news"
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [http://groups.di.unipi.it/~gulli/AG_corpus_of_news_articles.html](http://groups.di.unipi.it/~gulli/AG_corpus_of_news_articles.html)
- **Repository:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Paper:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 31.33 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 31.70 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 63.02 MB
### Dataset Summary
AG is a collection of more than 1 million news articles. News articles have been
gathered from more than 2000 news sources by ComeToMyHead in more than 1 year of
activity. ComeToMyHead is an academic news search engine which has been running
since July, 2004. The dataset is provided by the academic comunity for research
purposes in data mining (clustering, classification, etc), information retrieval
(ranking, search, etc), xml, data compression, data streaming, and any other
non-commercial activity. For more information, please refer to the link
http://www.di.unipi.it/~gulli/AG_corpus_of_news_articles.html .
The AG's news topic classification dataset is constructed by Xiang Zhang
(xiang.zhang@nyu.edu) from the dataset above. It is used as a text
classification benchmark in the following paper: Xiang Zhang, Junbo Zhao, Yann
LeCun. Character-level Convolutional Networks for Text Classification. Advances
in Neural Information Processing Systems 28 (NIPS 2015).
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Languages
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
#### default
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 31.33 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 31.70 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 63.02 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"label": 3,
"text": "New iPad released Just like every other September, this one is no different. Apple is planning to release a bigger, heavier, fatter iPad that..."
}
```
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all splits.
#### default
- `text`: a `string` feature.
- `label`: a classification label, with possible values including `World` (0), `Sports` (1), `Business` (2), `Sci/Tech` (3).
### Data Splits
| name |train |test|
|-------|-----:|---:|
|default|120000|7600|
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Licensing Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Citation Information
```
@inproceedings{Zhang2015CharacterlevelCN,
title={Character-level Convolutional Networks for Text Classification},
author={Xiang Zhang and Junbo Jake Zhao and Yann LeCun},
booktitle={NIPS},
year={2015}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@jxmorris12](https://github.com/jxmorris12), [@thomwolf](https://github.com/thomwolf), [@lhoestq](https://github.com/lhoestq), [@lewtun](https://github.com/lewtun) for adding this dataset. |
true |
# Dataset Card for tweet_eval
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [Needs More Information]
- **Repository:** [GitHub](https://github.com/cardiffnlp/tweeteval)
- **Paper:** [EMNLP Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.12421.pdf)
- **Leaderboard:** [GitHub Leaderboard](https://github.com/cardiffnlp/tweeteval)
- **Point of Contact:** [Needs More Information]
### Dataset Summary
TweetEval consists of seven heterogenous tasks in Twitter, all framed as multi-class tweet classification. The tasks include - irony, hate, offensive, stance, emoji, emotion, and sentiment. All tasks have been unified into the same benchmark, with each dataset presented in the same format and with fixed training, validation and test splits.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
- `text_classification`: The dataset can be trained using a SentenceClassification model from HuggingFace transformers.
### Languages
The text in the dataset is in English, as spoken by Twitter users.
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
An instance from `emoji` config:
```
{'label': 12, 'text': 'Sunday afternoon walking through Venice in the sun with @user ️ ️ ️ @ Abbot Kinney, Venice'}
```
An instance from `emotion` config:
```
{'label': 2, 'text': "“Worry is a down payment on a problem you may never have'. \xa0Joyce Meyer. #motivation #leadership #worry"}
```
An instance from `hate` config:
```
{'label': 0, 'text': '@user nice new signage. Are you not concerned by Beatlemania -style hysterical crowds crongregating on you…'}
```
An instance from `irony` config:
```
{'label': 1, 'text': 'seeing ppl walking w/ crutches makes me really excited for the next 3 weeks of my life'}
```
An instance from `offensive` config:
```
{'label': 0, 'text': '@user Bono... who cares. Soon people will understand that they gain nothing from following a phony celebrity. Become a Leader of your people instead or help and support your fellow countrymen.'}
```
An instance from `sentiment` config:
```
{'label': 2, 'text': '"QT @user In the original draft of the 7th book, Remus Lupin survived the Battle of Hogwarts. #HappyBirthdayRemusLupin"'}
```
An instance from `stance_abortion` config:
```
{'label': 1, 'text': 'we remind ourselves that love means to be willing to give until it hurts - Mother Teresa'}
```
An instance from `stance_atheism` config:
```
{'label': 1, 'text': '@user Bless Almighty God, Almighty Holy Spirit and the Messiah. #SemST'}
```
An instance from `stance_climate` config:
```
{'label': 0, 'text': 'Why Is The Pope Upset? via @user #UnzippedTruth #PopeFrancis #SemST'}
```
An instance from `stance_feminist` config:
```
{'label': 1, 'text': "@user @user is the UK's answer to @user and @user #GamerGate #SemST"}
```
An instance from `stance_hillary` config:
```
{'label': 1, 'text': "If a man demanded staff to get him an ice tea he'd be called a sexists elitist pig.. Oink oink #Hillary #SemST"}
```
### Data Fields
For `emoji` config:
- `text`: a `string` feature containing the tweet.
- `label`: an `int` classification label with the following mapping:
`0`: ❤
`1`: 😍
`2`: 😂
`3`: 💕
`4`: 🔥
`5`: 😊
`6`: 😎
`7`: ✨
`8`: 💙
`9`: 😘
`10`: 📷
`11`: 🇺🇸
`12`: ☀
`13`: 💜
`14`: 😉
`15`: 💯
`16`: 😁
`17`: 🎄
`18`: 📸
`19`: 😜
For `emotion` config:
- `text`: a `string` feature containing the tweet.
- `label`: an `int` classification label with the following mapping:
`0`: anger
`1`: joy
`2`: optimism
`3`: sadness
For `hate` config:
- `text`: a `string` feature containing the tweet.
- `label`: an `int` classification label with the following mapping:
`0`: non-hate
`1`: hate
For `irony` config:
- `text`: a `string` feature containing the tweet.
- `label`: an `int` classification label with the following mapping:
`0`: non_irony
`1`: irony
For `offensive` config:
- `text`: a `string` feature containing the tweet.
- `label`: an `int` classification label with the following mapping:
`0`: non-offensive
`1`: offensive
For `sentiment` config:
- `text`: a `string` feature containing the tweet.
- `label`: an `int` classification label with the following mapping:
`0`: negative
`1`: neutral
`2`: positive
For `stance_abortion` config:
- `text`: a `string` feature containing the tweet.
- `label`: an `int` classification label with the following mapping:
`0`: none
`1`: against
`2`: favor
For `stance_atheism` config:
- `text`: a `string` feature containing the tweet.
- `label`: an `int` classification label with the following mapping:
`0`: none
`1`: against
`2`: favor
For `stance_climate` config:
- `text`: a `string` feature containing the tweet.
- `label`: an `int` classification label with the following mapping:
`0`: none
`1`: against
`2`: favor
For `stance_feminist` config:
- `text`: a `string` feature containing the tweet.
- `label`: an `int` classification label with the following mapping:
`0`: none
`1`: against
`2`: favor
For `stance_hillary` config:
- `text`: a `string` feature containing the tweet.
- `label`: an `int` classification label with the following mapping:
`0`: none
`1`: against
`2`: favor
### Data Splits
| name | train | validation | test |
| --------------- | ----- | ---------- | ----- |
| emoji | 45000 | 5000 | 50000 |
| emotion | 3257 | 374 | 1421 |
| hate | 9000 | 1000 | 2970 |
| irony | 2862 | 955 | 784 |
| offensive | 11916 | 1324 | 860 |
| sentiment | 45615 | 2000 | 12284 |
| stance_abortion | 587 | 66 | 280 |
| stance_atheism | 461 | 52 | 220 |
| stance_climate | 355 | 40 | 169 |
| stance_feminist | 597 | 67 | 285 |
| stance_hillary | 620 | 69 | 295 |
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[Needs More Information]
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[Needs More Information]
#### Who are the source language producers?
[Needs More Information]
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[Needs More Information]
#### Who are the annotators?
[Needs More Information]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[Needs More Information]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[Needs More Information]
### Discussion of Biases
[Needs More Information]
### Other Known Limitations
[Needs More Information]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
Francesco Barbieri, Jose Camacho-Collados, Luis Espiinosa-Anke and Leonardo Neves through Cardiff NLP.
### Licensing Information
This is not a single dataset, therefore each subset has its own license (the collection itself does not have additional restrictions).
All of the datasets require complying with Twitter [Terms Of Service](https://twitter.com/tos) and Twitter API [Terms Of Service](https://developer.twitter.com/en/developer-terms/agreement-and-policy)
Additionally the license are:
- emoji: Undefined
- emotion(EmoInt): Undefined
- hate (HateEval): Need permission [here](http://hatespeech.di.unito.it/hateval.html)
- irony: Undefined
- Offensive: Undefined
- Sentiment: [Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License](https://groups.google.com/g/semevaltweet/c/k5DDcvVb_Vo/m/zEOdECFyBQAJ)
- Stance: Undefined
### Citation Information
```
@inproceedings{barbieri2020tweeteval,
title={{TweetEval:Unified Benchmark and Comparative Evaluation for Tweet Classification}},
author={Barbieri, Francesco and Camacho-Collados, Jose and Espinosa-Anke, Luis and Neves, Leonardo},
booktitle={Proceedings of Findings of EMNLP},
year={2020}
}
```
If you use any of the TweetEval datasets, please cite their original publications:
#### Emotion Recognition:
```
@inproceedings{mohammad2018semeval,
title={Semeval-2018 task 1: Affect in tweets},
author={Mohammad, Saif and Bravo-Marquez, Felipe and Salameh, Mohammad and Kiritchenko, Svetlana},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 12th international workshop on semantic evaluation},
pages={1--17},
year={2018}
}
```
#### Emoji Prediction:
```
@inproceedings{barbieri2018semeval,
title={Semeval 2018 task 2: Multilingual emoji prediction},
author={Barbieri, Francesco and Camacho-Collados, Jose and Ronzano, Francesco and Espinosa-Anke, Luis and
Ballesteros, Miguel and Basile, Valerio and Patti, Viviana and Saggion, Horacio},
booktitle={Proceedings of The 12th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation},
pages={24--33},
year={2018}
}
```
#### Irony Detection:
```
@inproceedings{van2018semeval,
title={Semeval-2018 task 3: Irony detection in english tweets},
author={Van Hee, Cynthia and Lefever, Els and Hoste, V{\'e}ronique},
booktitle={Proceedings of The 12th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation},
pages={39--50},
year={2018}
}
```
#### Hate Speech Detection:
```
@inproceedings{basile-etal-2019-semeval,
title = "{S}em{E}val-2019 Task 5: Multilingual Detection of Hate Speech Against Immigrants and Women in {T}witter",
author = "Basile, Valerio and Bosco, Cristina and Fersini, Elisabetta and Nozza, Debora and Patti, Viviana and
Rangel Pardo, Francisco Manuel and Rosso, Paolo and Sanguinetti, Manuela",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 13th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation",
year = "2019",
address = "Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/S19-2007",
doi = "10.18653/v1/S19-2007",
pages = "54--63"
}
```
#### Offensive Language Identification:
```
@inproceedings{zampieri2019semeval,
title={SemEval-2019 Task 6: Identifying and Categorizing Offensive Language in Social Media (OffensEval)},
author={Zampieri, Marcos and Malmasi, Shervin and Nakov, Preslav and Rosenthal, Sara and Farra, Noura and Kumar, Ritesh},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 13th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation},
pages={75--86},
year={2019}
}
```
#### Sentiment Analysis:
```
@inproceedings{rosenthal2017semeval,
title={SemEval-2017 task 4: Sentiment analysis in Twitter},
author={Rosenthal, Sara and Farra, Noura and Nakov, Preslav},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 11th international workshop on semantic evaluation (SemEval-2017)},
pages={502--518},
year={2017}
}
```
#### Stance Detection:
```
@inproceedings{mohammad2016semeval,
title={Semeval-2016 task 6: Detecting stance in tweets},
author={Mohammad, Saif and Kiritchenko, Svetlana and Sobhani, Parinaz and Zhu, Xiaodan and Cherry, Colin},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval-2016)},
pages={31--41},
year={2016}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@gchhablani](https://github.com/gchhablani) and [@abhishekkrthakur](https://github.com/abhishekkrthakur) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for Charades
## Table of Contents
- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** https://prior.allenai.org/projects/charades
- **Repository:** https://github.com/gsig/charades-algorithms
- **Paper:** https://arxiv.org/abs/1604.01753
- **Leaderboard:** https://paperswithcode.com/sota/action-classification-on-charades
- **Point of Contact:** mailto: vision.amt@allenai.org
### Dataset Summary
Charades is dataset composed of 9848 videos of daily indoors activities collected through Amazon Mechanical Turk. 267 different users were presented with a sentence, that includes objects and actions from a fixed vocabulary, and they recorded a video acting out the sentence (like in a game of Charades). The dataset contains 66,500 temporal annotations for 157 action classes, 41,104 labels for 46 object classes, and 27,847 textual descriptions of the videos
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
- `multilabel-action-classification`: The goal of this task is to classify actions happening in a video. This is a multilabel classification. The leaderboard is available [here](https://paperswithcode.com/sota/action-classification-on-charades)
### Languages
The annotations in the dataset are in English.
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
```
{
"video_id": "46GP8",
"video": "/home/amanpreet_huggingface_co/.cache/huggingface/datasets/downloads/extracted/3f022da5305aaa189f09476dbf7d5e02f6fe12766b927c076707360d00deb44d/46GP8.mp4",
"subject": "HR43",
"scene": "Kitchen",
"quality": 6,
"relevance": 7,
"verified": "Yes",
"script": "A person cooking on a stove while watching something out a window.",
"objects": ["food", "stove", "window"],
"descriptions": [
"A person cooks food on a stove before looking out of a window."
],
"labels": [92, 147],
"action_timings": [
[11.899999618530273, 21.200000762939453],
[0.0, 12.600000381469727]
],
"length": 24.829999923706055
}
```
### Data Fields
- `video_id`: `str` Unique identifier for each video.
- `video`: `str` Path to the video file
- `subject`: `str` Unique identifier for each subject in the dataset
- `scene`: `str` One of 15 indoor scenes in the dataset, such as Kitchen
- `quality`: `int` The quality of the video judged by an annotator (7-point scale, 7=high quality), -100 if missing
- `relevance`: `int` The relevance of the video to the script judged by an annotated (7-point scale, 7=very relevant), -100 if missing
- `verified`: `str` 'Yes' if an annotator successfully verified that the video matches the script, else 'No'
- `script`: `str` The human-generated script used to generate the video
- `descriptions`: `List[str]` List of descriptions by annotators watching the video
- `labels`: `List[int]` Multi-label actions found in the video. Indices from 0 to 156.
- `action_timings`: `List[Tuple[int, int]]` Timing where each of the above actions happened.
- `length`: `float` The length of the video in seconds
<details>
<summary>
Click here to see the full list of Charades class labels mapping:
</summary>
|id|Class|
|--|-----|
|c000 | Holding some clothes |
|c001 | Putting clothes somewhere |
|c002 | Taking some clothes from somewhere |
|c003 | Throwing clothes somewhere |
|c004 | Tidying some clothes |
|c005 | Washing some clothes |
|c006 | Closing a door |
|c007 | Fixing a door |
|c008 | Opening a door |
|c009 | Putting something on a table |
|c010 | Sitting on a table |
|c011 | Sitting at a table |
|c012 | Tidying up a table |
|c013 | Washing a table |
|c014 | Working at a table |
|c015 | Holding a phone/camera |
|c016 | Playing with a phone/camera |
|c017 | Putting a phone/camera somewhere |
|c018 | Taking a phone/camera from somewhere |
|c019 | Talking on a phone/camera |
|c020 | Holding a bag |
|c021 | Opening a bag |
|c022 | Putting a bag somewhere |
|c023 | Taking a bag from somewhere |
|c024 | Throwing a bag somewhere |
|c025 | Closing a book |
|c026 | Holding a book |
|c027 | Opening a book |
|c028 | Putting a book somewhere |
|c029 | Smiling at a book |
|c030 | Taking a book from somewhere |
|c031 | Throwing a book somewhere |
|c032 | Watching/Reading/Looking at a book |
|c033 | Holding a towel/s |
|c034 | Putting a towel/s somewhere |
|c035 | Taking a towel/s from somewhere |
|c036 | Throwing a towel/s somewhere |
|c037 | Tidying up a towel/s |
|c038 | Washing something with a towel |
|c039 | Closing a box |
|c040 | Holding a box |
|c041 | Opening a box |
|c042 | Putting a box somewhere |
|c043 | Taking a box from somewhere |
|c044 | Taking something from a box |
|c045 | Throwing a box somewhere |
|c046 | Closing a laptop |
|c047 | Holding a laptop |
|c048 | Opening a laptop |
|c049 | Putting a laptop somewhere |
|c050 | Taking a laptop from somewhere |
|c051 | Watching a laptop or something on a laptop |
|c052 | Working/Playing on a laptop |
|c053 | Holding a shoe/shoes |
|c054 | Putting shoes somewhere |
|c055 | Putting on shoe/shoes |
|c056 | Taking shoes from somewhere |
|c057 | Taking off some shoes |
|c058 | Throwing shoes somewhere |
|c059 | Sitting in a chair |
|c060 | Standing on a chair |
|c061 | Holding some food |
|c062 | Putting some food somewhere |
|c063 | Taking food from somewhere |
|c064 | Throwing food somewhere |
|c065 | Eating a sandwich |
|c066 | Making a sandwich |
|c067 | Holding a sandwich |
|c068 | Putting a sandwich somewhere |
|c069 | Taking a sandwich from somewhere |
|c070 | Holding a blanket |
|c071 | Putting a blanket somewhere |
|c072 | Snuggling with a blanket |
|c073 | Taking a blanket from somewhere |
|c074 | Throwing a blanket somewhere |
|c075 | Tidying up a blanket/s |
|c076 | Holding a pillow |
|c077 | Putting a pillow somewhere |
|c078 | Snuggling with a pillow |
|c079 | Taking a pillow from somewhere |
|c080 | Throwing a pillow somewhere |
|c081 | Putting something on a shelf |
|c082 | Tidying a shelf or something on a shelf |
|c083 | Reaching for and grabbing a picture |
|c084 | Holding a picture |
|c085 | Laughing at a picture |
|c086 | Putting a picture somewhere |
|c087 | Taking a picture of something |
|c088 | Watching/looking at a picture |
|c089 | Closing a window |
|c090 | Opening a window |
|c091 | Washing a window |
|c092 | Watching/Looking outside of a window |
|c093 | Holding a mirror |
|c094 | Smiling in a mirror |
|c095 | Washing a mirror |
|c096 | Watching something/someone/themselves in a mirror |
|c097 | Walking through a doorway |
|c098 | Holding a broom |
|c099 | Putting a broom somewhere |
|c100 | Taking a broom from somewhere |
|c101 | Throwing a broom somewhere |
|c102 | Tidying up with a broom |
|c103 | Fixing a light |
|c104 | Turning on a light |
|c105 | Turning off a light |
|c106 | Drinking from a cup/glass/bottle |
|c107 | Holding a cup/glass/bottle of something |
|c108 | Pouring something into a cup/glass/bottle |
|c109 | Putting a cup/glass/bottle somewhere |
|c110 | Taking a cup/glass/bottle from somewhere |
|c111 | Washing a cup/glass/bottle |
|c112 | Closing a closet/cabinet |
|c113 | Opening a closet/cabinet |
|c114 | Tidying up a closet/cabinet |
|c115 | Someone is holding a paper/notebook |
|c116 | Putting their paper/notebook somewhere |
|c117 | Taking paper/notebook from somewhere |
|c118 | Holding a dish |
|c119 | Putting a dish/es somewhere |
|c120 | Taking a dish/es from somewhere |
|c121 | Wash a dish/dishes |
|c122 | Lying on a sofa/couch |
|c123 | Sitting on sofa/couch |
|c124 | Lying on the floor |
|c125 | Sitting on the floor |
|c126 | Throwing something on the floor |
|c127 | Tidying something on the floor |
|c128 | Holding some medicine |
|c129 | Taking/consuming some medicine |
|c130 | Putting groceries somewhere |
|c131 | Laughing at television |
|c132 | Watching television |
|c133 | Someone is awakening in bed |
|c134 | Lying on a bed |
|c135 | Sitting in a bed |
|c136 | Fixing a vacuum |
|c137 | Holding a vacuum |
|c138 | Taking a vacuum from somewhere |
|c139 | Washing their hands |
|c140 | Fixing a doorknob |
|c141 | Grasping onto a doorknob |
|c142 | Closing a refrigerator |
|c143 | Opening a refrigerator |
|c144 | Fixing their hair |
|c145 | Working on paper/notebook |
|c146 | Someone is awakening somewhere |
|c147 | Someone is cooking something |
|c148 | Someone is dressing |
|c149 | Someone is laughing |
|c150 | Someone is running somewhere |
|c151 | Someone is going from standing to sitting |
|c152 | Someone is smiling |
|c153 | Someone is sneezing |
|c154 | Someone is standing up from somewhere |
|c155 | Someone is undressing |
|c156 | Someone is eating something |
</details>
### Data Splits
| |train |validation| test |
|-------------|------:|---------:|------:|
|# of examples|1281167|50000 |100000 |
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
> Computer vision has a great potential to help our daily lives by searching for lost keys, watering flowers or reminding us to take a pill. To succeed with such tasks, computer vision methods need to be trained from real and diverse examples of our daily dynamic scenes. While most of such scenes are not particularly exciting, they typically do not appear on YouTube, in movies or TV broadcasts. So how do we collect sufficiently many diverse but boring samples representing our lives? We propose a novel Hollywood in Homes approach to collect such data. Instead of shooting videos in the lab, we ensure diversity by distributing and crowdsourcing the whole process of video creation from script writing to video recording and annotation.
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
> Similar to filming, we have a three-step process for generating a video. The first step is generating the script of the indoor video. The key here is to allow workers to generate diverse scripts yet ensure that we have enough data for each category. The second step in the process is to use the script and ask workers to record a video of that sentence being acted out. In the final step, we ask the workers to verify if the recorded video corresponds to script, followed by an annotation procedure.
#### Who are the source language producers?
Amazon Mechnical Turk annotators
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
> Similar to filming, we have a three-step process for generating a video. The first step is generating the script of the indoor video. The key here is to allow workers to generate diverse scripts yet ensure that we have enough data for each category. The second step in the process is to use the script and ask workers to record a video of that sentence being acted out. In the final step, we ask the workers to verify if the recorded video corresponds to script, followed by an annotation procedure.
#### Who are the annotators?
Amazon Mechnical Turk annotators
### Personal and Sensitive Information
Nothing specifically mentioned in the paper.
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
AMT annotators
### Licensing Information
License for Non-Commercial Use
If this software is redistributed, this license must be included. The term software includes any source files, documentation, executables, models, and data.
This software and data is available for general use by academic or non-profit, or government-sponsored researchers. It may also be used for evaluation purposes elsewhere. This license does not grant the right to use this software or any derivation of it in a for-profit enterprise. For commercial use, please contact The Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence.
This license does not grant the right to modify and publicly release the data in any form.
This license does not grant the right to distribute the data to a third party in any form.
The subjects in this data should be treated with respect and dignity. This license only grants the right to publish short segments or still images in an academic publication where necessary to present examples, experimental results, or observations.
This software comes with no warranty or guarantee of any kind. By using this software, the user accepts full liability.
The Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence (C) 2016.
### Citation Information
```bibtex
@article{sigurdsson2016hollywood,
author = {Gunnar A. Sigurdsson and G{\"u}l Varol and Xiaolong Wang and Ivan Laptev and Ali Farhadi and Abhinav Gupta},
title = {Hollywood in Homes: Crowdsourcing Data Collection for Activity Understanding},
journal = {ArXiv e-prints},
eprint = {1604.01753},
year = {2016},
url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1604.01753},
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@apsdehal](https://github.com/apsdehal) for adding this dataset.
|
false |
# Dataset Card for "oscar"
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [https://oscar-corpus.com](https://oscar-corpus.com)
- **Repository:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Paper:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Dataset Summary
OSCAR or **O**pen **S**uper-large **C**rawled [**A**LMAnaCH](https://team.inria.fr/almanach/) co**R**pus is a huge multilingual corpus obtained by language classification and filtering of the [Common Crawl](https://commoncrawl.org/) corpus using the [goclassy](https://github.com/pjox/goclassy) architecture. Data is distributed by language in both original and deduplicated form.
The version here is the original OSCAR 2019 release: https://oscar-project.org/post/oscar-2019/
For more recent versions, visit the [oscar-corpus](https://huggingface.co/oscar-corpus) organization on the Hub:
- OSCAR 22.01 (released in January 2022): [oscar-corpus/OSCAR-2201](https://huggingface.co/datasets/oscar-corpus/OSCAR-2201)
- OSCAR 21.09 (released in September 2021): [oscar-corpus/OSCAR-2109](https://huggingface.co/datasets/oscar-corpus/OSCAR-2109)
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
OSCAR is mainly inteded to pretrain language models and word represantations.
### Languages
All the data is distributed by language, both the original and the deduplicated versions of the data are available. 166 different languages are available. The table in subsection [Data Splits Sample Size](#data-splits-sample-size) provides the language code for each subcorpus as well as the number of words (space separated tokens), lines and sizes for both the original and the deduplicated versions of OSCAR.
## Dataset Structure
We show detailed information for all the configurations of the dataset.
### Data Instances
<details>
<summary>Click to expand the Data/size information for each language (deduplicated)</summary>
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_af
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 65.99 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 172.30 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 238.29 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 0,
"text": "aanlyn markte as gevolg van ons voortgesette 'n begrip opsie handel sakeplan pdf terwyl ons steeds die gereelde ons binêre opsies handel"
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_als
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 1.26 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 2.96 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 4.22 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"De Nazionalpark hät e Flächi vo 170,3 km² und isch dodemit s grösti Naturschutzgebiet vo de Schwiz. Er ligt uf em Gebiet vo de ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_am
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 61.35 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 216.15 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 277.50 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"አየር መንገዱ ከአዲስ አበባ ወደ ሮም ጣሊያን በማምራት ላይ በነበረበት ጊዜ ረዳት አብራሪው የጉዞውን አቅጣጫ በመቀየር ጄኔቭ አውሮፓላን ማረፊያ በማሳረፍ እጁን ለፖሊስ ሰጥቷል።\\nየኢትዮጵያ መንግስት የ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_an
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.14 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.85 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.99 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"واااااااأسفاه الأمم تفتخر ب 0 أمي ووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووو..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_ar
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 9.67 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 33.57 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 43.23 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"مرحبا بك عزيز الزائر نتمنى لك أوقاتاً سعيدة معنا وأن نزداد شرفا بخدمتك ولا تنسى التسجيل معنا لتستفيد بكل جديد\\nأهلا وسهلا بك زا..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_arz
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 10.02 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 35.91 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 45.94 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"بنى عجل : قبيلة من عجل بن لجيم بن صعب بن على بن بكر بن وائل انتقل اغلبهم الى البصرة فى العراق و اصفهان و خراسان فى ايران و اذرب..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_as
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 15.51 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 74.07 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 89.58 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"আমি, এই সংগঠনৰ সদস্য সকলে একেলগ হৈ অসমকে ধৰি ভাৰতৰ উত্তৰ পূৰ্বাঞ্চলৰ অমূল্য কলা-সাংস্কৃতিক সম্পদৰাজি বৃহত্তৰ অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়াৰ সন্মু..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_ast
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.86 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 2.17 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 3.03 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"The Killers llanzaron el so álbum debú, Hot Fuss, en xunu de 2004 nel Reinu Xuníu, al traviés de la discográfica Lizard King, y..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_av
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.07 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.34 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.41 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Жинда малъараб ва божизе бегьулеб рагІудаса кьуризе бегьуларо гьев. Гьес насихІат гьабизе кколелъул бацІцІадаб диналъул рахъалъ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_az
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 521.74 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.53 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 2.05 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"AZTV-Artıq 7 ildir ki, Abşeron rayonu dotasiya almadan bütün xərclərini yerli daxilolmalar hesabına maliyyələşdirir.\\nDünən, 10..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_azb
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 5.19 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 20.08 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 25.27 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"لعلی ١٣-جو عصرده یاشاییب یاراتمیش گؤرکملی آذربایجان شاعرلریندندیر. ١٢٢٤-جی ایلده تبریزده آنادان اولموشدور، گنج یاشلاریندا تیجار..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_ba
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 25.98 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 93.84 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 119.82 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"Күҙәтеү ҡуласаһы моделен хәҙер Мифтахетдин Аҡмулла исемендәге Башҡорт дәүләт педагогия университетында ла эшләргә мөмкин\\t\\nКүҙ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_bar
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.00 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.00 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.00 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 0,
"text": " vo"
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_bcl
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.00 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.00 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.00 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"& ÿ ó / í 0 - ø û ù ö ú ð ï ú \\u0014 ù þ ô ö í ÷ ò \\u0014 ÷ í ù û ö í \\u0001 û ñ ç þ \\u0001 ð \\u0007 þ ò ñ ñ ò ô \\u0017 û ö ô ÷..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_be
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 306.70 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.08 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 1.39 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Брэсцкія ўлады не дазволілі прафсаюзу РЭП правесці пікетаванне ў парку Воінаў-інтэрнацыяналістаў 30 мая 2018 года.\\nСітуацыю пр..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_bg
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 3.85 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 14.45 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 18.30 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"ЖАЛБОПОДАТЕЛЯТ директор на Дирекция „ Обжалване и данъчно-осигурителна практика“- Бургас, редовно призован, се представлява от ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_bh
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.01 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.04 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.04 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"सुकमा जिला भारत के छत्तीसगढ़ राज्य में एगो जिला बाटे। एकर मुख्यालय सुकमा शहर बाटे। एकर कुल रकबा 5636 वर्ग कि॰मी॰ बाटे।\"..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_bn
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 1.26 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 6.24 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 7.50 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"ভড়ং সর্বস্ব বাংলা আর্ট অ্যান্ড কালচারের হিসাব গুলিয়ে দেওয়ার ম্যাজিকের নাম ব্রাত্য রাইসু November 23, 2017\\nTagged with ডায়োজিনি..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_bo
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 22.37 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 144.65 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 167.02 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"བོད་མི་འདི་དག་ནི་རང་རྒྱུད་སྒོ་རུ་ཕུད་དེ་གཞན་རྒྱུད་པང་དུ་ཉར་ནས་གསོ་སྐྱོང་བྱེད་དགོས་ཟེར་བ་དང་གཅིག་མཚུངས་རེད།\\nཚན་རིག་ནི་དང་ཐོག་རང..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_bpy
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.19 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.78 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 1.97 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"পৌরসভা এহার আয়তন (লয়াহান) ২,৭৩০,.৬৩ বর্গ কিলোমিটার। পৌরসভা এহার মাপাহানর অক্ষাংশ বারো দ্রাঘিমাংশ ইলতাই 18.63° S 48.18° W ।[১]..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_br
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 6.47 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 17.00 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 23.47 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Ar mank Magalhães(Daveoù a vank) a zo ur spesad evned, Spheniscus magellanicus an anv skiantel anezhañ.\\nGallout a reer implijo..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_bs
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.04 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.15 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.18 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"ž šř é ú šř šř ě šř ž é č ě ž ů ě ď éé ýš ě ě Ž č š ý ě ď é ýš ě ď ě éé ýš ě č ž ě š ý ď ě ýš é ú č ž č š ý ď ý ž é éě ď é č ýš..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_bxr
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.00 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.01 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.01 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"2002 оной хабар буряад хэлэ бэшэгэй һалбари Үндэһэтэнэй хүмүүнлиг ухаанай дээдэ һургуули болгогдожо өөршэлэгдөө.\\nХарин мүнөө б..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_ca
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 1.73 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 4.57 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 6.30 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Daniel Vendrell, conegut com Vandrell, ha sigut un dels il•lustradors contemporanis més influents, representant a la nova onada..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_cbk
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.00 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.00 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.00 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"yo gano yo gano yo gano yo gano yo gano yo gano yo gano yo gano yo gano yo gano yo gano yo gano yo gano yo gano yo gano yo gano..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_ce
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 1.87 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 7.04 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 8.90 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"Шаьш анархисташ ду бохучу жигархойн дIахьедарехь дуьйцу, оьрсийн ницкъаллийн структурийн а, федералан каналан а Iалашонаш \\\"мар..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_ceb
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 7.12 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 24.83 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 31.95 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Si Isko walay pupamilok nga nagtan-aw sa unahan, natugaw. “Naunsa ka gud diha Isko nga layo man kaayo ang imong panan-aw?” ni I..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_ckb
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 60.32 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 237.72 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 298.05 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"رسی رۆژ - ساڵێک دوای بومەلەرزەی کرماشان میوانی بەرنامە : کاک سیاوەش حەیاتی چالاکی مەدەنی -قەسری شیرین\\nپارچە موزیک 30 / 10 / 20..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_cs
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 10.49 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 25.71 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 36.20 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"Akce anarchistů proti připravovanému novému služební řádu a nízkým mzdám 1903 – Historie českého anarchismu (1880 – 1939)\\nRost..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_cv
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 7.47 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 27.49 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 34.95 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Шыранӑ чухне ӑнсӑртран латин кирилл саспаллисем вырӑнне латин саспаллисене ҫырсан, сайт эсир ҫырнине юсама тӑрӑшӗ.\\nКу сайтра ч..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_cy
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 53.63 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 141.22 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 194.86 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Mae capeli Cymreig yr Andes ym Mhatagonia wedi cyhoeddi na fydd gwasanaethau yno weddill y mis, oherwydd yr eira trwm sydd wedi..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_da
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 3.82 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 10.24 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 14.06 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Den 2.-5. februar 2016 løb det tredje kursus i uddannelsen af 4kommunesamarbejdets Local Impact Coaches, af stablen i Gentofte ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_de
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 60.80 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 156.30 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 217.10 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"Auf dieser Seite gibt es mind. ein YouTube Video. Cookies für diese Website wurden abgelehnt. Dadurch können keine YouTube Vide..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_diq
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.00 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.00 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.00 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 0,
"text": "Zıwanê Slawki, zıwano merdumanê Slawano. Zıwanê Slawki yew lızgeyê Zıwananê Hind u Ewropao. Keyeyê Zıwananê Slawki beno hirê letey:"
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_dsb
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.00 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.01 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.01 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 1,
"text": "Pśiklaskaju južo pśed pśedstajenim... 1500 źiśi njamóžo wěcej docakaś, měsćańska hala w Chóśebuzu - wupśedana."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_dv
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 16.84 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 82.19 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 99.03 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"ބ. އަތޮޅުގައި ހުޅުވަން ތައްޔާރުވަމުން އަންނަ ވައްކަރު ރިސޯޓުގައި ވަޒީފާ އަދާކުރަން ޝައުގުވެރިވާ ފަރާތްތަކަށް ކުރިމަތިލުމުގެ ފުރ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_el
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 7.91 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 28.74 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 36.65 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Νεκρός εντοπίστηκε μέσα στο σπίτι του στην οδό Ηρώδου Αττικού στον αριθμό 7 ο επικεφαλής του προξενικού τμήματος της Ρωσικής πρ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_eml
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.01 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.02 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.03 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"A séguit dal prucès ad rubutiśasiòṅ di abitànt dal pòpul ad Mikenes, Angoras 'l è finî dènt'r a 'n robot cun la tèsta dna rana ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_en
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 496.50 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1299.75 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 1796.24 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Mtendere Village was inspired by the vision of Chief Napoleon Dzombe, which he shared with John Blanchard during his first visi..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_eo
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 92.86 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 240.12 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 332.99 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Ĉu ... preĝi | mediti | ricevi instigojn || kanti | muziki || informiĝi | legi | studi || prepari Diservon\\nTemas pri kolekto d..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_es
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 60.46 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 160.86 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 221.32 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Como se librará de la celulitis en el gimnasio La piel superflua en las manos después del adelgazamiento, Los bailes fáciles pa..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_et
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 966.79 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 2.45 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 3.41 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"MTÜ AB Video järgib oma tegevuses kodanikuühenduste eetilise tegevuse üldtunnustatud põhimõtteid, mis on lühidalt kokkuvõetud 7..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_eu
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 134.68 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 363.93 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 498.61 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 0,
"text": "Gure jarduerek eraikuntzarekin, elkarbizitzarekin, hirigintzarekin eta ekologiarekin dute harremana, baita ideia eta konponbideak irudikatu eta garatzearekin ere, eraikuntza sektorea hobetuz, pertsonen erosotasuna eta bizi-kalitatea hobetzeko."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_fa
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 10.46 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 40.06 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 50.52 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"قـــــــــــــــــرار بود با هم کنـــــــــــــار بیایم نه اینکه از کنــــــــــــار هم رد بشیم...!!!\\nاگر روزی دلت لبریز غم بو..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_fi
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 5.38 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 13.99 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 19.37 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 1,
"text": "Kiitos Deelle kaikesta - 1,5 viikkoa kulunut, kun Dee ei ole enää ollut omani. Reilu viikko sitten sunnuntaina vein Deen uuteen kotiinsa. Itselläni on ollut niin ristiriitaiset t..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_fr
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 55.46 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 148.28 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 203.75 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 0,
"text": "Média de débat d'idées, de culture et de littérature. Récits, décryptages, analyses, portraits et critiques autour de la vie des idées. Magazine engagé, ouvert aux autres et au monde.. Bring up to date in french"
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_frr
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.00 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.00 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.00 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Hiragana’ Practice’Sheet’1’(A -O)’ ’ Name:’________ __________________________’Section:’_______________ _’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_fy
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 10.27 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 26.73 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 37.00 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 1,
"text": "Nim in sêfte ride op Holmsjön, yn ien fan 'e lytse marren yn de omkriten, of nim se op avontueren lykas nonresidential. lâns Indalsälven wetter. Holm Sportklubb hawwe kano 's te huur, yn gearwurking mei de Baltyske Power konferinsje."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_ga
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 22.22 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 63.86 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 86.08 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Is fóram é seo chun plé a dhéanamh ar an leabhar atá roghnaithe do mhí na Samhna 2013 amháin. Ní féidir ach le baill chláraithe..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_gd
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.42 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.36 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 1.78 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 0,
"text": "Zhou Yujun, a 'phàrtaidh Rùnaire Comataidh Sgìre Yanfeng ann Hengyang bhaile agus a Sgìre pàrtaidh agus an riaghaltas a' bhuidheann-riochdachaidh a 'tighinn a chèilidh air ar companaidh air Apr. 14, 2017."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_gl
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 155.85 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 408.34 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 564.19 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"O persoal de Inditex da provincia de Pontevedra segue a reclamar iguais condicións laborais no conxunto do país - CIG: Confeder..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_gn
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.01 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.02 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.03 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"º ÑÆÚÓ À Ã Ð É Æ ¾ ÄÂ Î À ¼ Æ É ÄÛ = Ü Ý\\\"Þ ßà á â ã ä å æçè ã é ê â å àë ì æê íî é á ë ï í çì àð í Ü à ñ ê é ò ä ì\"..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_gom
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.38 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.87 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 2.24 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"दुष्ट शीळ हें कौरवांचें । रामें सविस्तर देखूनि साचें । बोलिले वचनें जें दुर्वाचे । करी तयांचें अनुस्मरण ॥२२०॥\"..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_gu
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 162.97 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 759.34 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 922.32 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"અધિક માસ ચાલે છે. સમગ્ર ભારતમાં અને તેમાંય ખાસ કરીને પવિત્ર કે ધાર્મિક કહેવાય છે તેવા સ્થાનક પર કથાનો દોર ચાલે છે. ઉનાળાની કાળઝ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_he
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 3.04 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 10.47 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 13.51 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"זקוקים לרשתות נגד יתושים? מחפשים רשת מתאימה לחלון צר וקטן? רשתות נגד יתושים אקורדיון של חברת קליר-מש הן הפתרון.\\nרשתות לחלונות ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_hi
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 2.01 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 9.57 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 11.58 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"'आइटम गर्ल' बनकर हिट हुई थीं राखी सावंत, आज करीना-कटरीना तक फॉलो कर रही हैं ट्रेंड नक्सलियों का दम निकालेगा बाइक ग्रेनेड लॉन्च..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_hr
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 46.74 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 121.50 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 168.23 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"U raspravi je sudjelovao i HSS-ov saborski zastupnik rekavši kako poljoprivrednici ne osjete mjere o kojima ministar govori jer..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_hsb
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.72 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.89 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 2.61 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Budyšin (SN/BŠe). Elektronikarjo mějachu lětsa cyle hinaši zazběh do swojeho wukubłanja. Wokrjesne rjemjeslnistwo bě mjenujcy w..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_ht
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.00 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.00 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.00 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"Nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_hu
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 7.37 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 19.09 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 26.46 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"monster - Amatőr, házi szex videók és kezdő csjaok pornó filmjei. - Free amateur, home made sex videos and online porn movies. ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_hy
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 393.62 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.56 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 1.96 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Արցախի Հանրապետության հռչակման 26-րդ տարեդարձի կապակցությամբ Շուշիի Արվեստի կենտրոնում կազմակերպվել է մոսկվաբնակ նկարիչներ՝ հայ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_ia
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.05 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.38 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.43 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha h..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_id
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 6.00 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 17.05 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 23.05 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"Perihal dari itu, kalau kunci hal yang demikian hilang, pemilik wajib melapor ke bengkel sah untuk dibuatkan kunci baru dengan ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_ie
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.00 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.00 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.00 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 0,
"text": "Plastic Yo Yo Metal Yo Yos Wooden Yo Yo Keychain Yo Yo Translucent Yo Yo Light Up Yo Yo Globe Yo Yo Stress Reliever Yo Yo Jellyfish Yo Yo Sports Ball Yo Yo Sound Yo Yo Miniature Yo Yo Promotional Yo Yo Novelty Yo Yo Video Game Yo Yo ECO Recycled Yo Yo"
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_ilo
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.23 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.68 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.91 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Segun ken ni Ping-ay, ti yellow corn ti maysa kadagiti nadakamat a liberalized agricultural commodity iti daytoy a free trade k..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_io
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.04 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.14 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.19 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Chekia esas parlamentala republiko. La chefo di stato esas la prezidanto. Til 2013 lu elektesis dal parlamento. Pos ta yaro, ol..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_is
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 332.87 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 894.28 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 1.23 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Eyjar.net - upplýsinga- og fréttamiðill um Vestmannaeyjar - Fréttir - Nái núverandi stefna stjórnvalda fram að ganga mun það va..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_it
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 27.93 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 74.09 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 102.03 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"Jaundice - causes, treatment & pathology massaggio a osteochondrosis dellindizio di una controindicazione\\nTrattamento su un co..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_ja
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 40.80 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 113.63 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 154.44 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"神社などへ一緒に同行して、様々な角度のショットで家族写真やお子様の写真を撮影致します！お好みに合わせて様々な写真を取ることができますので、その場でカメラマンへのリクエストも可能です！お子様の晴れ姿を、緊張していない自然な笑顔で残しませんか？\\n※七五三の..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_jbo
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.20 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.70 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.91 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 1,
"text": "ni'o 23 la cimast. cu 23moi djedi fi'o masti la cimast. noi ke'a cu cimoi masti .i 22 la cimast. cu purlamdei .ije 24 la cimast. cu bavlamdei"
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_jv
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.21 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.62 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.82 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"José Mourinho (diwaca: [ʒuˈzɛ moˈɾiɲu]; lair ing Setubal, Portugal, 26 Januari 1963; umur 55 taun) iku salah siji pelatih bal k..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_ka
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 377.23 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.99 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 2.36 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"წამიყვანე შენთან ერთად (ქართულად) / Возьми меня с собой (картулад) / (რუსული სერიალები ქართულად) (რუსების პორნო ონლაინში) (ruse..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_kk
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 389.12 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.59 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 1.97 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Түлкібас ауданында «Латын негізді әліпби мен емле ережесі туралы насихат» жобасының тобы семинар өткізді\\nЕлорданың «Қазақстан»..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_km
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 114.48 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 610.61 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 725.09 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"ខ្សឹបដាក់ត្រចៀក៖ លោក សួស សុផានិត នាយផ្នែករដ្ឋបាលព្រៃឈើ ស្រុកភ្នំក្រវាញ់ ដែលទើបឡើងកាន់តំណែងថ្មី បើកដៃឲ្យឈ្នួញ ប្រព្រឹត្តបទល្មើស ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_kn
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 215.52 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.08 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 1.30 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಪತಿ ಪ್ರಣಬ್ ಮುಖರ್ಜಿಯಿಂದ ಪದ್ಮ ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ ಪ್ರದಾನ | President Pranab Mukherjee Confers Padma Awards | Photo Gallery on Kannada..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_ko
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 4.46 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 12.00 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 16.47 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"CIA 프로젝트에서는 데이터베이스로 들어오는 요청을 중간에 수집(Sniffing)하고 수집한 데이터를 분석(Parsing)하여 그로 인한 결과를 판단하여 알릴 수 있는 시스템(Push Service)이 필요하다. 그리고 연구를 ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_krc
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.62 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 2.41 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 3.03 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Шамханланы, Бийлени къаршысына ябушуп, Батыр уланларыбызны къоллары булан «ортакъ ожакъ» къургъанбыз. Шо иш уллу зараллы иш бол..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_ku
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 23.34 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 63.09 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 86.43 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"Me di 114 bernameyên xwe yên berê da perçeyên ji berhemên zanyarî yên kurdzanên mezin bi wergera kurdî da ...\\nMe di 114 bernam..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_kv
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.33 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.21 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 1.54 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Коми кытшыслӧн ыджытжык тор вӧр увтын куйлӧ, сійӧн и фаунасӧ татӧн аркмӧтӧны вӧрын олісь подаэз. Ассямаӧн лоӧ сія, мый кытшас с..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_kw
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.01 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.02 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.02 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼Pray without ceasing🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_ky
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 106.22 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 408.40 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 514.61 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Turmush: Бишкек шаардык кеңешинин кезексиз отурумунда мэрге ишенбөөчүлүк көрсөтүү маселеси каралат, - депутат Т.Сагынов\\nБишкек..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_la
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 3.42 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 9.79 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 13.22 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Hæ sunt generationes Noë: Noë vir justus atque perfectus fuit in generationibus suis; cum Deo ambulavit.\\nEcce ego adducam aqua..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_lb
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 8.30 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 21.42 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 29.72 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"Während dem Gaardefestival \\\"Ambiance Jardins\\\" vum 15. bis de 17. Mee huet den SNJ nees zesumme mam Groupe Animateur en Inform..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_lez
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.77 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 3.08 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 3.84 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"Ахцегь хуьр, виридалай ч1ехи лезги хуьрерикая я. Ам Урусатдин виридалай къиблепатавай хуьрерикай я. Ин хуьр...\"..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_li
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.01 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.03 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.04 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"'t Good Goedenraad aan de Ezerbaek besjteit oet 'n kesjtièl mèt gesjlote haof en 'n park van 26 hectare. Hie in sjtoon väól beu..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_lmo
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.10 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.46 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.57 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"Serét (en tortonés: Sregh; en piemontés: Srèj) l'è 'n cümü italià, de la regiù del Piemónt, en Pruvìncia de Alessandria. El g'h..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_lo
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 23.63 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 119.29 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 142.92 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"ຜູ້ພິພາກສາ ປະຈຳເຂດ ສຫລ ທ່ານນຶ່ງ ຕັດສິນວ່າ ໂຄງການເກັບກຳຂໍ້ມູນ ທາງໂທລະສັບ ຂອງອົງການ ຄວາມໝັ້ນຄົງແຫ່ງຊາດ ແມ່ນຖືກຕ້ອງ ຕາມກົດໝາຍ.\\nກະ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_lrc
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.02 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.06 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.08 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"آرلینگتون یئ گئل د شأریا ڤولاتچە ڤیرجینیا و یئ گئل د شأریا ڤولات ڤولاتچە یا یأکاگئرئتە ئمریکاە. ئی شأر دویومی کألوٙن شأر د راسا..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_lt
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 1.65 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 4.20 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 5.86 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"Čir vir vir pavasaris! Čia čia čia… dalinamės labai simpatiška video pamokėle, kurią pristato ab888art galerija.\\nBe galo papra..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_lv
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 710.45 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.91 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 2.62 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"Dekoratīvi sliekšņi MITSUBISHI OUTLANDER 2007, izgatavoti no ovālas formas, pulētas nerūsējošā tērauda caurules...\\ndažādas tūn..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_mai
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.00 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.01 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.01 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"१ · २ · ३ · ४ · ५ · ६ · ७ · ८ · ९ · १० · ११ · १२ · १३ · १४ · १५ · १६ · १७ · १८ · १९ · २० · २१ · २२ · २३ · २४ · २५ · २६ · २७ · २..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_mg
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 4.30 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 13.59 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 17.89 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"Nanamboatra taratasy apetaka sy soso-kevitra ho an'ny olona te-hanatevin-daharana ity fihetsiketsehana ity i Anocrena.\\nNosorat..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_mhr
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 1.63 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 6.26 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 7.89 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Акрет жап годым Уганда кундемым Пигмей племена- влак айлен шогеныт. мемнан эран 1 курым гыч Банту племена влакат тиде кундемышк..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_min
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.01 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.31 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.33 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\" ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_mk
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 303.12 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.19 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 1.49 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"„Филм плус“ е насловен првиот филмски месечник во Македонија, чиј прв број ќе биде промовиран вечер во „Менада“. Новото македон..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_ml
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 496.80 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 2.69 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 3.18 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"സ്ത്രീ പ്രവേശനം സര്ക്കാര് പൂര്ണമായും അംഗീകരിക്കുന്നുവെന്നും ശബരിമലയുടെ സുരക്ഷയില് ഇടപെടുമെന്നും സര്ക്കാര് ഹൈക്കോടതിയില്\\..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_mn
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 219.52 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 883.46 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 1.10 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"МУБИС-ын багш мэргэжлийн хөрвөх сургалтыг төгссөн багшид багшлах эрх олгох тухай ~ БМДИ-ийн захирлын тушаал - Багшийн мэргэжил ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_mr
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 299.68 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.49 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 1.79 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Home / motivational marathi story / उद्योजकता (Entrepreneurship) / यांना हे जमलय, तर आपल्याला का नाही जमणार ?\\nयापैकी कोणाचीही ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_mrj
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.29 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.10 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 1.38 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Лӹпӹвлӓ (латинлӓ Lepidoptera ; алыкмарла лыве-влак) — капшангывлӓ йыхыш пырышы сӱмӓн нӹл шылдыран капшангывлӓ. Цилӓжӹ 180000 тӹ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_ms
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 16.39 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 49.45 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 65.85 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"Sanad pertama daripada Zuhair bin Harb daripada ‘Affan daripada Hammad daripada Thabit daripada Anas.\\nSanad kedua daripada ‘Ab..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_mt
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 5.90 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 17.68 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 23.58 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 0,
"text": "tibgħat il-kawża lura lill-Qorti Ġenerali għall-annullament jew għat-tnaqqis tal-penalità imposta mill-Kummissjoni bid-deċiżjoni inizjali kif emendata bid-deċiżjoni ta’ rettifika;"
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_mwl
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.00 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.00 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.00 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Deciplina social i outónoma que angloba atebidades de ouserbaçon, de análeze, de çcriçon, cumparaçon, de sistematizaçon i de sp..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_my
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 207.14 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.11 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 1.32 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"ျမ၀တီ - ရန္ကုန္တိုင္းေဒသႀကီး ေျမာက္ဥကၠလာပႏွင္႕ ဗဟန္းၿမိဳ႔နယ္ မေကြးတိုင္း ေဒသႀကီး ပခုကၠဴၿမိဳ႔နယ္တို႔၌ ျမန္မာ႕တပ္မေတာ္အား ေထာက္ခံ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_myv
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.00 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.00 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.00 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"2018 иень умарьковонь 6-це чистэ сась паро куля! Россиянь культурань Министерствась макссь невтемань конёв (прокатной удостовер..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_mzn
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.16 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.63 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.79 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"قرآن یا قوران اسلام ِآسمونی کتاب هسته. مسلمونون گانّّه قرآن ره خدا، وحی جه برسنییه، «محمد معجزه» هسته و ثقلین حدیث دله ونه خَو..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_nah
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.00 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.01 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.01 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 0,
"text": "In mācuīlpōhualxihuitl VI (inic chicuacē) in mācuīlpōhualli xiuhitl cāhuitl īhuīcpa 501 xihuitl oc 600 xihuitl."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_nap
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.00 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.01 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.02 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"ò AUDIT í Ç è î ÿ å å 30 ò ÿ ÿ é, õ ñ ì ÿ, ê ã- ò à ì. å â å í ç â à à é ñ è å é ó ó ë. å å å û è å î é è à. à è à AUDIT 1-7 â ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_nds
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 5.27 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 13.48 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 18.76 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Dor kann sik vun nu af an de hele plattdüütsche Welt – vun Niebüll bit New York, vun Helgoland bit Honolulu – drapen. Allens, w..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_ne
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 240.63 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.24 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 1.48 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"बर्दिबास नगरपालिकाको तेस्रो नगर परिषदबाट पारित आ.व.२०७३।७४ को संशोधित र २०७४।७५ को प्रस्तावित नीति, कार्यक्रम तथा बजेट\\nअार्थिक..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_new
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.83 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 4.26 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 5.09 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"थ्व शहरयागु अक्षांश ३४.७००१६४ उत्तर व देशान्तर ८६.३७६४६९ पश्चिम खः (34.700164° N 86.376469° W)। थ्व थासे ७२२६७३२ वर्ग मिटर (२.७..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_nl
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 15.73 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 41.91 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 57.65 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Op vrijdag 31 augustus wordt het nieuwe studiejaar van de masteropleiding architectuur geopend met een dagexcursie naar Venlo.\\..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_nn
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 23.58 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 58.32 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 81.90 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 0,
"text": "Planomtale krav til innhald Bakgrunn: Spørsmål frå fleire kommunar om kva ein planomtale/planbeskrivelse bør innehalde Fylkeskommunen og fylkesmannen har i ein del saker reist motsegn på formelt grunnlag"
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_no
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 1.96 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 5.11 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 7.07 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"Ytterligere aktører i primærhelsetjenesten og andre NHS-virksomheter ble infisert, inkludert legekontor.Læreren vår er så attra..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_oc
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 1.34 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 4.00 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 5.34 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 1,
"text": ".рф (rf, còdi punycode: .xn--p1ai)[1] es lo nom de domeni en rus per Russia. Foguèt activat lo 12 de mai de 2010. Lo còdi latin es .ru."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_or
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 38.72 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 197.63 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 236.36 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"ଭୁବନେଶ୍ୱର, ୨୭/୧– (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ପୁଅ) ସିପିଆଇ ଜାତୀୟ ପରିଷଦର ଆହ୍ୱାନକ୍ରମେ ଗତକାଲି ଜାନୁୟାରୀ ୨୬ ସାଧାରଣତନ୍ତ୍ର ଦିବସକୁ ଦେଶ ବ୍ୟାପୀ ସମ୍ବିଧାନ ସୁରକ୍ଷା ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_os
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 2.83 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 11.00 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 13.83 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"1. Лæппу æмæ чызг казрæдзийы зæрдæмæ куы фæцæуынц æмæ, куы сфæнд кæнынц сæ цард баиу кæнын, уæд лæппу бар ракуры чызгæй, цæмæй ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_pa
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 102.39 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 483.04 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 585.42 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"ਰਜਿ: ਨੰ: PB/JL-138/2018-20 ਜਿਲਦ 63, ਬਾਨੀ ਸੰਪਾਦਕ (ਸਵ:) ਡਾ: ਸਾਧੂ ਸਿੰਘ ਹਮਦਰਦ ਫ਼ੋਨ : 0181-2455961-62-63, 5032400, ਫੈਕਸ : 2455960, 2..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_pam
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.00 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.00 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.00 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Áku pu i Anak ning Aláya at ngeni ipákit kó kékayu ngan nûng makanánu lang susúlat détinang kulit a mágkas. Lauan ya ing tarátu..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_pl
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 20.19 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 50.59 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 70.78 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"System informatyczny - Załącznik nr 1 do zarządzenia Wójta Gminy Podegrodzie Nr 530/2013 z dnia 27 maja 2013 r\\nSystem informat..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_pms
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.71 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 2.00 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 2.72 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"Louvigné-du-Désert a l'é na comun-a fransèisa ant la region aministrativa dla Brëtagna, ant ël dipartiment d'Ille-et-Vilaine. A..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_pnb
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 2.58 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 9.44 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 12.02 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"ایہ فائل Wikimedia Commons توں اے تے دوجیاں ویونتاں تے وی ورتی جاےکدی اے۔ گل بات اس دے فائل گل بات صفہ تے تھلے دتی گئی۔\"..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_ps
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 71.83 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 254.79 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 326.61 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Many people usually use the time period ‘business to business (B2B) advertising,’ however most of them do not know precisely wh..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_pt
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 26.00 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 68.37 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 94.37 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Você pode estar lendo este texto no sofá, levantar pra pegar uma breja na geladeira, dar uma cagada e sentar novamente, sem int..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_qu
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.02 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.07 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.09 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 1,
"text": "Warayu wichay (kastilla simipi: Ascensión de Guarayos) nisqaqa Buliwya mama llaqtapi, Santa Krus suyupi, huk llaqtam, Warayu pruwinsyap uma llaqtanmi."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_rm
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.00 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.01 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.01 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"practicists agrars / practicistas agraras AFP pon far ina furmaziun da basa scursanida per cuntanscher in attestat federal da q..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_ro
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 4.48 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 11.66 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 16.14 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"“În viață, oportunitatea nu este totul. Cine atrage Lumina, cineva bun în umbră. Timpul ne creează.” maestru\\nLyn.Evans: Ce mar..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_ru
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 166.68 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 611.70 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 778.38 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"Доступ к данному профилю для публичного просмотра закрыт администрацией сайта - профиль находится на модерации.\\nРазработчикам ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_sa
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 7.27 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 38.33 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 45.60 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"अनिरुद्धनगरे क्रीडिता रामलीला सम्प्रति समाप्ता अस्ति । तस्य कानिचन् चित्राणि पूर्वमेव प्रकाशितानि सन्ति । द्वौ चलचित्रौ अपि ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_sah
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 7.01 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 27.46 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 34.49 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"███████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_scn
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.00 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.00 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.00 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 0,
"text": "La gilusìa è nu sintimentu dulurusu ca nasci d'un disideriu di pussessu sclusivu ntê cunfrunti dâ pirsuna amata e dû timuri, dû suspettu o dâ cirtizza dâ sò nfidiltati."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_sd
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 74.17 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 275.48 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 349.66 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"هر ڪو ڄاڻي ٿو ته جڏهن توهان هڪ وڏي خريد ڪرڻ چاهيون ٿا, توهان پڄي ضروري حڪم ۾ ان جي ڪم ڪرڻ جي هٿ ۾ لاڳاپو ڪيو آهي. جي شيء آهي ته..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_sh
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 1.45 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 6.44 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 7.87 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Opština Gornja Radgona se nalazi u sjeveroistočnoj Sloveniji i graniči s susjednom Austriji duž rijeke Mure. Sa tridesetim nase..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_si
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 175.62 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 842.57 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 1.02 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"ලාංකීය සිතිවිලි සිංහල බ්ලොග් කියවනය කොත්තු සින්ඩිය ලංකා Blogger හත්මාළුව ලංකා බ්ලොග් කියවනය මාතලන්ගේ සින්ඩිය මොබයිල්lk\\nඅවකාශය ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_sk
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 1.96 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 4.80 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 6.76 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Aktivity | Agentúra podporovaného zamestnávania | vzdelávanie pre klientov, vzdelávanie pre odborníkov, kurzy\\nŠpecializované k..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_sl
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 523.22 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.32 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 1.85 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Če Creatures, ki je želel, da pridejo na čas, predvsem je povedlo – razlikuje od ljubosumja začel grizenja kolen (ali zadnjica)..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_so
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.00 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.02 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.02 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"тттттттттттттттттттттттттттттттт тттттттттттттттттттттттттттттттт тттттттттттттттттттттттттттттттт ттттттттттттттттуууууууууууу..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_sq
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 445.36 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.21 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 1.66 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Çfarë do të më pëlqente tek një femër ose çfarë do të më shndërronte në një shpërthim drite? – Albert Vataj\\nTë gjithëve një zo..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_sr
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 665.03 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 2.36 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 3.03 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"Корисни савети за сваки дан. На сајту су разне категорије, као што су љепота, мода, кување и поправка властитим рукама.\\nШколск..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_su
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.05 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.16 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.21 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 1,
"text": "Kartu krédit nyaéta \"duit plastik\" anu dikaluarkeun ku bank pikeun alat pambayaran di tempat-tempat nu tangtu samisal jiga di hotél, réstoran, tempat rékréasi jeung sajabana.[1]"
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_sv
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 10.19 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 26.33 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 36.51 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"1783 är ett viktigt årtal i den nya tidens historia. Det året slöts en fred i Paris och därmed blev de 13 brittiska kolonierna ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_sw
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 2.95 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 8.98 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 11.92 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 1,
"text": "Miripuko hiyo inakuja mwanzoni mwa Wiki Takatifu kuelekea Pasaka na ikiwa ni wiki chache tu kabla ya Papa Francis kuanza ziara yake katika nchi hiyo yenye idadi kubwa kabisa ya watu katika ulimwengu wa nchi za Kiarabu."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_ta
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 971.12 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 5.48 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 6.45 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"பொழுது சாய்ந்து வெகு நேரமாகிவிட்டது. கூலி வேலைக்குப் போயிருந்த 'சித்தாள் ' பெண்கள் எல்லோரும் வீடு திரும்பி விட்டார்கள். இன்னும்..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_te
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 342.43 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.70 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 2.04 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"హర్యానాలో టోల్ దగ్గర సిబ్బంది.. స్థానిక ప్రజలు కొట్టుకున్నారు. కర్నాల్ అనే గ్రామానికి సమీపంలో టోల్ గేట్ ఉంది. అయితే సాధారణంగా స..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_tg
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 62.90 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 261.68 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 324.60 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Ҳумайро гуфтааст, мухолифи низом аст, низоме, ки дар Тоҷикистон вуҷуд дорад. Ба ин маънӣ, худро мухолифи давлату ҳукумати Тоҷик..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_th
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 3.54 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 17.11 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 20.65 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"ฟันที่แลดูขาวสะอาดไม่มีเศษอาหารติดอยู่ เหงือกสีชมพู ไม่เจ็บ หรือมีเลือดออกเวลาแปรงฟันหรือขัดฟัน ไม่มีปัญหาเรื่องกลิ่นปาก ทำให้ก..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_tk
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 2.22 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 7.12 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 9.34 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"Türkmenistanyň Prezidenti agyr atletika boýunça dünýä çempionatyna taýýarlyk işleriniň barşy bilen tanyşdy\\nHalallykdan kemal t..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_tl
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 151.34 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 431.69 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 583.04 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"“Gusto ko manawagan sa mga Unit Head ng Chanel 2 Salve. Kasi napapansin ko iyon mga alaga ko ang taping halos once a week lang,..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_tr
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 10.39 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 28.47 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 38.86 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Son yıllarda görülen ay tutulmalarına göre daha etkili olacağı söylenen Kanlı veya Kırmızı Ay Tutulmasına saatler kaldı. Bu akş..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_tt
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 85.89 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 321.37 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 407.26 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"\\\"Иремнең вафатына 40 көн узгач, Алмаз да безнең өйгә кереп үлде\\\". Арчада 35 яшьлек ир өстенә кондызлар ега башлаган агач төшк..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_tyv
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.00 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.01 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.01 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Экии, хүндүлуг аалчылар болгаш тыва дылдың деткикчилери! Тыва дылдың болгаш чогаалдың ховар бир башкызынга, Менги Ооржакка, ажы..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_ug
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 20.53 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 86.44 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 106.97 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"زاڭ-ءتۇزىم | عىلىم-تەحنيكا | ءتىل-ادەبيەت | تۇرمىس | دەنە تاربيە | ساياحات-ورتا | سۋرەتتى حابار | سىر سۇحبات | ارناۋلى تاقىرىپ ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_uk
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 8.04 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 29.86 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 37.90 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Про надання роз'яснення (щодо форми письмового зобов'язання громадян про зворотне ввезення/вивезення товарів), Державна митна с..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_ur
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 483.59 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.82 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 2.31 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"آئیے اہم اسلامی کتب کو یونیکوڈ میں انٹرنیٹ پر پیش کرنے کے لئے مل جل کر آن لائن ٹائپنگ کریں۔ محدث ٹائپنگ پراجیکٹ کے ذریعے آپ روز..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_uz
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 4.30 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 12.00 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 16.29 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 1,
"text": "Qurama tog'lari tizmasining Toshkentdan 154 km uzoqlikdagi Toshkent-Ush yo'li yeqasidaxushmanzara tabiat qo'ynida joylashgan maydoni 30 ga.\nBolalarni sog'lomlashtirish oromgohi Bo'stonliq tumani Oqtosh muntaqasining soy-salqin gushasida joylashgan."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_vec
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.01 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.02 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.02 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Par ogni pónto, ła derivada ła xe ła pendensa de ła reta tangente a ła curva de ła funsion f. Ła reta de cołor róso l'è senpre ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_vi
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 10.71 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 33.60 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 44.31 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Canh chua cá bông lau không chỉ là món ăn giải nhiệt, thanh mát ngày hè mà còn là món siêu bổ dưỡng, rất tốt cho người gầy ốm. ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_vo
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.30 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 2.10 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 2.40 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 1,
"text": "Sarniguet binon zif in ziläk: Hautes-Pyrénées, in topäd: Midi-Pyrénées, in Fransän. Sarniguet topon videtü 43°19’ 7’’ N e lunetü 0°5’ 19’’ L."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_wa
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.08 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.22 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.29 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 1,
"text": "Cisse pådje ci n' est co k' on djermon, dj' ô bén k' el pådje est djusse sibåtcheye, eyet co trop tene; et s' divreut ele ecråxhî ene miete."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_war
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.55 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 2.36 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 2.90 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 1,
"text": "An Honce amo in usa ka baryo ngan munisipalidad ha distrito han Rožňava ha rehiyon han Košice ha nasod han Slovakia.\nAn Rumegies amo in usa ka komyun ha departamento han Nord ngan ha rehiyon han Nord-Pas-de-Calais ha nasod han Fransya."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_wuu
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.01 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.03 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.04 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"伊春元旦天气 伊春腊八天气 伊春春节天气 伊春情人节天气 伊春元宵节天气 伊春愚人节天气 伊春清明节天气 伊春劳动节天气 伊春母亲节天气 伊春端午节天气 伊春七夕节天气 伊春教师节天气 伊春中秋节天气 伊春国庆节天气 伊春重阳节天气 伊春万圣节天气 伊春..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_xal
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.03 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.12 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.15 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Арнгудин Орн гисн Европд бәәдг һазр. 2007 җилин тooһaр эн орн нутгт 3,600,523 әмтн бәәдг билә. Арнгудин Орнин хотл балһсна нерн..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_xmf
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.94 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 4.63 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 5.58 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"მოჩამილი ტექსტი წჷმორინელი რე Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike ლიცენზიათ; შილებე გეძინელი პირობეფიშ არსებუა. კილიშკილიშა..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_yi
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 22.20 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 88.29 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 110.49 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"ממשותדיק - חבֿרה, איך אַרבעט איצט אױף אַ זשורנאַל. טאָמער איר האָט עפּעס צוצוגעבן זאָלט איר שיקן מיר אַן אָנזאָג. ס'װעט הײסן \\\"..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_yo
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.01 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.03 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.04 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Copyright © 2018 BBC. BBC kò mọ̀ nípa àwọn ohun tí ó wà ní àwọn ojú òpó tí ó wà ní ìta. Ọwọ́ tí a fi mú ìbáṣepọ̀ ti ìta.\"..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_yue
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.00 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.00 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.00 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"我 灌 我 灌 我 灌 灌 灌 我 灌 我 灌 我 灌 灌 灌 我 灌 我 灌 我 灌 灌 灌 我 灌 我 灌 我 灌 灌 灌 我 灌 我 灌 我 灌 灌 灌 我 灌 我 灌 我 灌 灌 灌 你還不爆 我累了 投降輸一半可以嗎\"..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_deduplicated_zh
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 99.98 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 267.88 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 367.86 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"中国铝灰网 中国有色金属矿产网 中国黄莲网 中国水轮发电机网 中国抽油泵网 中国数控雕刻机网 中国不锈钢抛光网 中国磨具加工网 中国压铸铝网 中国耐水腻子网 中国手机摄像头网 中国粗粮网 中国车门锁网 中国钛粉网 中国轮圈网\\n天天中奖彩票图 天天中彩票..."
}
```
</details>
<details>
<summary>Click to expand the Data/size information for each language (original)</summary>
#### unshuffled_original_af
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 85.79 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 254.08 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 339.87 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 0,
"text": "aanlyn markte as gevolg van ons voortgesette 'n begrip opsie handel sakeplan pdf terwyl ons steeds die gereelde ons binêre opsies handel"
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_als
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 1.49 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 5.30 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 6.78 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"De Nazionalpark hät e Flächi vo 170,3 km² und isch dodemit s grösti Naturschutzgebiet vo de Schwiz. Er ligt uf em Gebiet vo de ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_am
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 102.79 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 378.06 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 480.85 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"አየር መንገዱ ከአዲስ አበባ ወደ ሮም ጣሊያን በማምራት ላይ በነበረበት ጊዜ ረዳት አብራሪው የጉዞውን አቅጣጫ በመቀየር ጄኔቭ አውሮፓላን ማረፊያ በማሳረፍ እጁን ለፖሊስ ሰጥቷል።\\nየኢትዮጵያ መንግስት የ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_an
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.15 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.33 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 1.48 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"واااااااأسفاه الأمم تفتخر ب 0 أمي ووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووو..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_ar
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 22.23 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 87.94 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 110.17 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"مرحبا بك عزيز الزائر نتمنى لك أوقاتاً سعيدة معنا وأن نزداد شرفا بخدمتك ولا تنسى التسجيل معنا لتستفيد بكل جديد\\nأهلا وسهلا بك زا..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_arz
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 15.90 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 70.13 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 86.03 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"بنى عجل : قبيلة من عجل بن لجيم بن صعب بن على بن بكر بن وائل انتقل اغلبهم الى البصرة فى العراق و اصفهان و خراسان فى ايران و اذرب..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_as
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 21.43 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 117.73 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 139.17 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"আমি, এই সংগঠনৰ সদস্য সকলে একেলগ হৈ অসমকে ধৰি ভাৰতৰ উত্তৰ পূৰ্বাঞ্চলৰ অমূল্য কলা-সাংস্কৃতিক সম্পদৰাজি বৃহত্তৰ অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়াৰ সন্মু..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_ast
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.92 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 2.54 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 3.46 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"The Killers llanzaron el so álbum debú, Hot Fuss, en xunu de 2004 nel Reinu Xuníu, al traviés de la discográfica Lizard King, y..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_av
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.08 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.42 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.50 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Жинда малъараб ва божизе бегьулеб рагІудаса кьуризе бегьуларо гьев. Гьес насихІат гьабизе кколелъул бацІцІадаб диналъул рахъалъ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_az
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 927.76 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 2.96 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 3.89 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"AZTV-Artıq 7 ildir ki, Abşeron rayonu dotasiya almadan bütün xərclərini yerli daxilolmalar hesabına maliyyələşdirir.\\nDünən, 10..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_azb
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 6.64 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 28.47 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 35.11 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"لعلی ١٣-جو عصرده یاشاییب یاراتمیش گؤرکملی آذربایجان شاعرلریندندیر. ١٢٢٤-جی ایلده تبریزده آنادان اولموشدور، گنج یاشلاریندا تیجار..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_ba
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 33.22 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 133.70 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 166.92 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"Күҙәтеү ҡуласаһы моделен хәҙер Мифтахетдин Аҡмулла исемендәге Башҡорт дәүләт педагогия университетында ла эшләргә мөмкин\\t\\nКүҙ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_bar
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.00 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.00 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.00 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 0,
"text": " vo"
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_bcl
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.00 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.00 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.00 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"& ÿ ó / í 0 - ø û ù ö ú ð ï ú \\u0014 ù þ ô ö í ÷ ò \\u0014 ÷ í ù û ö í \\u0001 û ñ ç þ \\u0001 ð \\u0007 þ ò ñ ñ ò ô \\u0017 û ö ô ÷..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_be
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 498.29 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.88 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 2.38 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Брэсцкія ўлады не дазволілі прафсаюзу РЭП правесці пікетаванне ў парку Воінаў-інтэрнацыяналістаў 30 мая 2018 года.\\nСітуацыю пр..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_bg
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 8.34 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 33.75 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 42.09 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"ЖАЛБОПОДАТЕЛЯТ директор на Дирекция „ Обжалване и данъчно-осигурителна практика“- Бургас, редовно призован, се представлява от ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_bh
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.01 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.12 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.13 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"सुकमा जिला भारत के छत्तीसगढ़ राज्य में एगो जिला बाटे। एकर मुख्यालय सुकमा शहर बाटे। एकर कुल रकबा 5636 वर्ग कि॰मी॰ बाटे।\"..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_bn
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 2.14 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 10.77 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 12.91 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"ভড়ং সর্বস্ব বাংলা আর্ট অ্যান্ড কালচারের হিসাব গুলিয়ে দেওয়ার ম্যাজিকের নাম ব্রাত্য রাইসু November 23, 2017\\nভড়ং সর্বস্ব বাংলা আর..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_bo
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 28.94 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 195.40 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 224.34 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"བོད་མི་འདི་དག་ནི་རང་རྒྱུད་སྒོ་རུ་ཕུད་དེ་གཞན་རྒྱུད་པང་དུ་ཉར་ནས་གསོ་སྐྱོང་བྱེད་དགོས་ཟེར་བ་དང་གཅིག་མཚུངས་རེད།\\nཚན་རིག་ནི་དང་ཐོག་རང..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_bpy
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.34 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 4.35 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 4.69 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"পৌরসভা এহার আয়তন (লয়াহান) ২,৭৩০,.৬৩ বর্গ কিলোমিটার। পৌরসভা এহার মাপাহানর অক্ষাংশ বারো দ্রাঘিমাংশ ইলতাই 18.63° S 48.18° W ।[১]..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_br
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 9.18 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 30.20 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 39.38 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Ar mank Magalhães(Daveoù a vank) a zo ur spesad evned, Spheniscus magellanicus an anv skiantel anezhañ.\\nGallout a reer implijo..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_bs
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.05 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.48 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.53 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"ž šř é ú šř šř ě šř ž é č ě ž ů ě ď éé ýš ě ě Ž č š ý ě ď é ýš ě ď ě éé ýš ě č ž ě š ý ď ě ýš é ú č ž č š ý ď ý ž é éě ď é č ýš..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_bxr
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.00 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.01 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.02 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"2002 оной хабар буряад хэлэ бэшэгэй һалбари Үндэһэтэнэй хүмүүнлиг ухаанай дээдэ һургуули болгогдожо өөршэлэгдөө.\\nХарин мүнөө б..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_ca
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 3.10 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 8.62 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 11.73 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Daniel Vendrell, conegut com Vandrell, ha sigut un dels il•lustradors contemporanis més influents, representant a la nova onada..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_cbk
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.00 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.00 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.00 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"yo gano yo gano yo gano yo gano yo gano yo gano yo gano yo gano yo gano yo gano yo gano yo gano yo gano yo gano yo gano yo gano..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_ce
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 2.09 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 8.73 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 10.82 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"Шаьш анархисташ ду бохучу жигархойн дIахьедарехь дуьйцу, оьрсийн ницкъаллийн структурийн а, федералан каналан а Iалашонаш \\\"мар..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_ceb
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 11.07 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 40.97 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 52.03 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Si Isko walay pupamilok nga nagtan-aw sa unahan, natugaw. “Naunsa ka gud diha Isko nga layo man kaayo ang imong panan-aw?” ni I..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_ckb
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 111.88 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 510.97 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 622.85 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"رسی رۆژ - ساڵێک دوای بومەلەرزەی کرماشان میوانی بەرنامە : کاک سیاوەش حەیاتی چالاکی مەدەنی -قەسری شیرین\\nپارچە موزیک 30 / 10 / 20..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_cs
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 21.72 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 57.08 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 78.80 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"Akce anarchistů proti připravovanému novému služební řádu a nízkým mzdám 1903 – Historie českého anarchismu (1880 – 1939)\\nRost..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_cv
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 9.40 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 41.05 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 50.45 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Шыранӑ чухне ӑнсӑртран латин кирилл саспаллисем вырӑнне латин саспаллисене ҫырсан, сайт эсир ҫырнине юсама тӑрӑшӗ.\\nКу сайтра ч..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_cy
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 81.74 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 224.93 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 306.67 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Mae capeli Cymreig yr Andes ym Mhatagonia wedi cyhoeddi na fydd gwasanaethau yno weddill y mis, oherwydd yr eira trwm sydd wedi..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_da
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 6.00 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 16.76 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 22.76 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Den 2.-5. februar 2016 løb det tredje kursus i uddannelsen af 4kommunesamarbejdets Local Impact Coaches, af stablen i Gentofte ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_de
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 119.51 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 331.22 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 450.73 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"Auf dieser Seite gibt es mind. ein YouTube Video. Cookies für diese Website wurden abgelehnt. Dadurch können keine YouTube Vide..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_diq
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.00 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.00 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.00 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 0,
"text": "Zıwanê Slawki, zıwano merdumanê Slawano. Zıwanê Slawki yew lızgeyê Zıwananê Hind u Ewropao. Keyeyê Zıwananê Slawki beno hirê letey:"
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_dsb
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.00 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.01 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.02 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 1,
"text": "Pśiklaskaju južo pśed pśedstajenim... 1500 źiśi njamóžo wěcej docakaś, měsćańska hala w Chóśebuzu - wupśedana."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_dv
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 24.91 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 131.63 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 156.54 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"ބ. އަތޮޅުގައި ހުޅުވަން ތައްޔާރުވަމުން އަންނަ ވައްކަރު ރިސޯޓުގައި ވަޒީފާ އަދާކުރަން ޝައުގުވެރިވާ ފަރާތްތަކަށް ކުރިމަތިލުމުގެ ފުރ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_el
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 17.31 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 66.27 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 83.58 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Νεκρός εντοπίστηκε μέσα στο σπίτι του στην οδό Ηρώδου Αττικού στον αριθμό 7 ο επικεφαλής του προξενικού τμήματος της Ρωσικής πρ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_eml
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.01 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.02 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.03 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"A séguit dal prucès ad rubutiśasiòṅ di abitànt dal pòpul ad Mikenes, Angoras 'l è finî dènt'r a 'n robot cun la tèsta dna rana ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_en
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 903.83 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 2525.44 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 3429.27 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Mtendere Village was inspired by the vision of Chief Napoleon Dzombe, which he shared with John Blanchard during his first visi..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_eo
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 117.07 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 314.18 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 431.27 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Ĉu ... preĝi | mediti | ricevi instigojn || kanti | muziki || informiĝi | legi | studi || prepari Diservon\\nTemas pri kolekto d..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_es
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 106.04 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 298.49 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 404.53 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Como se librará de la celulitis en el gimnasio La piel superflua en las manos después del adelgazamiento, Los bailes fáciles pa..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_et
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 1.88 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 5.17 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 7.06 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"MTÜ AB Video järgib oma tegevuses kodanikuühenduste eetilise tegevuse üldtunnustatud põhimõtteid, mis on lühidalt kokkuvõetud 7..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_eu
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 248.19 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 894.83 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 1.14 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 0,
"text": "Gure jarduerek eraikuntzarekin, elkarbizitzarekin, hirigintzarekin eta ekologiarekin dute harremana, baita ideia eta konponbideak irudikatu eta garatzearekin ere, eraikuntza sektorea hobetuz, pertsonen erosotasuna eta bizi-kalitatea hobetzeko."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_fa
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 20.96 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 84.21 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 105.17 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"قـــــــــــــــــرار بود با هم کنـــــــــــــار بیایم نه اینکه از کنــــــــــــار هم رد بشیم...!!!\\nاگر روزی دلت لبریز غم بو..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_fi
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 9.97 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 28.57 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 38.54 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 1,
"text": "Kiitos Deelle kaikesta - 1,5 viikkoa kulunut, kun Dee ei ole enää ollut omani. Reilu viikko sitten sunnuntaina vein Deen uuteen kotiinsa. Itselläni on ollut niin ristiriitaiset t..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_fr
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 105.32 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 303.19 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 408.51 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 0,
"text": "Média de débat d'idées, de culture et de littérature. Récits, décryptages, analyses, portraits et critiques autour de la vie des idées. Magazine engagé, ouvert aux autres et au monde.. Bring up to date in french"
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_frr
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.00 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.00 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.00 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Hiragana’ Practice’Sheet’1’(A -O)’ ’ Name:’________ __________________________’Section:’_______________ _’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_fy
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 12.40 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 36.24 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 48.64 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 1,
"text": "Nim in sêfte ride op Holmsjön, yn ien fan 'e lytse marren yn de omkriten, of nim se op avontueren lykas nonresidential. lâns Indalsälven wetter. Holm Sportklubb hawwe kano 's te huur, yn gearwurking mei de Baltyske Power konferinsje."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_ga
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 29.27 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 92.37 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 121.63 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Is fóram é seo chun plé a dhéanamh ar an leabhar atá roghnaithe do mhí na Samhna 2013 amháin. Ní féidir ach le baill chláraithe..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_gd
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.52 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 2.02 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 2.55 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 0,
"text": "Zhou Yujun, a 'phàrtaidh Rùnaire Comataidh Sgìre Yanfeng ann Hengyang bhaile agus a Sgìre pàrtaidh agus an riaghaltas a' bhuidheann-riochdachaidh a 'tighinn a chèilidh air ar companaidh air Apr. 14, 2017."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_gl
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 235.38 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 656.48 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 891.87 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"O persoal de Inditex da provincia de Pontevedra segue a reclamar iguais condicións laborais no conxunto do país - CIG: Confeder..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_gn
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.01 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.04 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.05 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"º ÑÆÚÓ À Ã Ð É Æ ¾ ÄÂ Î À ¼ Æ É ÄÛ = Ü Ý\\\"Þ ßà á â ã ä å æçè ã é ê â å àë ì æê íî é á ë ï í çì àð í Ü à ñ ê é ò ä ì\"..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_gom
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.44 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 2.25 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 2.71 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"दुष्ट शीळ हें कौरवांचें । रामें सविस्तर देखूनि साचें । बोलिले वचनें जें दुर्वाचे । करी तयांचें अनुस्मरण ॥२२०॥\"..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_gu
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 232.02 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.09 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 1.33 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"અધિક માસ ચાલે છે. સમગ્ર ભારતમાં અને તેમાંય ખાસ કરીને પવિત્ર કે ધાર્મિક કહેવાય છે તેવા સ્થાનક પર કથાનો દોર ચાલે છે. ઉનાળાની કાળઝ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_he
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 5.66 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 21.11 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 26.77 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"זקוקים לרשתות נגד יתושים? מחפשים רשת מתאימה לחלון צר וקטן? רשתות נגד יתושים אקורדיון של חברת קליר-מש הן הפתרון.\\nרשתות לחלונות ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_hi
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 3.66 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 17.93 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 21.59 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"'आइटम गर्ल' बनकर हिट हुई थीं राखी सावंत, आज करीना-कटरीना तक फॉलो कर रही हैं ट्रेंड नक्सलियों का दम निकालेगा बाइक ग्रेनेड लॉन्च..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_hr
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 79.42 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 243.83 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 323.24 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"U raspravi je sudjelovao i HSS-ov saborski zastupnik rekavši kako poljoprivrednici ne osjete mjere o kojima ministar govori jer..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_hsb
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 1.39 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 4.49 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 5.87 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Budyšin (SN/BŠe). Elektronikarjo mějachu lětsa cyle hinaši zazběh do swojeho wukubłanja. Wokrjesne rjemjeslnistwo bě mjenujcy w..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_ht
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.00 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.00 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.00 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"Nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan nan..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_hu
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 15.69 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 43.07 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 58.77 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"monster - Amatőr, házi szex videók és kezdő csjaok pornó filmjei. - Free amateur, home made sex videos and online porn movies. ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_hy
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 897.36 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 3.94 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 4.84 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Արցախի Հանրապետության հռչակման 26-րդ տարեդարձի կապակցությամբ Շուշիի Արվեստի կենտրոնում կազմակերպվել է մոսկվաբնակ նկարիչներ՝ հայ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_ia
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.08 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.69 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.78 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha h..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_id
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 10.60 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 32.32 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 42.91 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"Perihal dari itu, kalau kunci hal yang demikian hilang, pemilik wajib melapor ke bengkel sah untuk dibuatkan kunci baru dengan ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_ie
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.00 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.02 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.02 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 0,
"text": "Plastic Yo Yo Metal Yo Yos Wooden Yo Yo Keychain Yo Yo Translucent Yo Yo Light Up Yo Yo Globe Yo Yo Stress Reliever Yo Yo Jellyfish Yo Yo Sports Ball Yo Yo Sound Yo Yo Miniature Yo Yo Promotional Yo Yo Novelty Yo Yo Video Game Yo Yo ECO Recycled Yo Yo"
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_ilo
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.27 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.92 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 1.20 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Segun ken ni Ping-ay, ti yellow corn ti maysa kadagiti nadakamat a liberalized agricultural commodity iti daytoy a free trade k..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_io
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.04 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.16 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.20 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Chekia esas parlamentala republiko. La chefo di stato esas la prezidanto. Til 2013 lu elektesis dal parlamento. Pos ta yaro, ol..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_is
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 533.03 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.52 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 2.06 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Eyjar.net - upplýsinga- og fréttamiðill um Vestmannaeyjar - Fréttir - Nái núverandi stefna stjórnvalda fram að ganga mun það va..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_it
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 52.16 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 147.38 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 199.54 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"Jaundice - causes, treatment & pathology massaggio a osteochondrosis dellindizio di una controindicazione\\nTrattamento su un co..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_ja
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 79.56 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 232.22 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 311.78 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"神社などへ一緒に同行して、様々な角度のショットで家族写真やお子様の写真を撮影致します！お好みに合わせて様々な写真を取ることができますので、その場でカメラマンへのリクエストも可能です！お子様の晴れ姿を、緊張していない自然な笑顔で残しませんか？\\n※七五三の..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_jbo
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.21 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.77 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.98 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 1,
"text": "ni'o 23 la cimast. cu 23moi djedi fi'o masti la cimast. noi ke'a cu cimoi masti .i 22 la cimast. cu purlamdei .ije 24 la cimast. cu bavlamdei"
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_jv
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.22 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.69 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.91 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"José Mourinho (diwaca: [ʒuˈzɛ moˈɾiɲu]; lair ing Setubal, Portugal, 26 Januari 1963; umur 55 taun) iku salah siji pelatih bal k..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_ka
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 680.74 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 3.77 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 4.45 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"წამიყვანე შენთან ერთად (ქართულად) / Возьми меня с собой (картулад) / (რუსული სერიალები ქართულად) (რუსების პორნო ონლაინში) (ruse..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_kk
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 615.06 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 2.83 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 3.45 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Түлкібас ауданында «Латын негізді әліпби мен емле ережесі туралы насихат» жобасының тобы семинар өткізді\\nЕлорданың «Қазақстан»..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_km
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 193.28 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.10 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 1.30 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"ខ្សឹបដាក់ត្រចៀក៖ លោក សួស សុផានិត នាយផ្នែករដ្ឋបាលព្រៃឈើ ស្រុកភ្នំក្រវាញ់ ដែលទើបឡើងកាន់តំណែងថ្មី បើកដៃឲ្យឈ្នួញ ប្រព្រឹត្តបទល្មើស ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_kn
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 342.15 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.76 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 2.11 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಪತಿ ಪ್ರಣಬ್ ಮುಖರ್ಜಿಯಿಂದ ಪದ್ಮ ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ ಪ್ರದಾನ | President Pranab Mukherjee Confers Padma Awards | Photo Gallery on Kannada..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_ko
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 8.81 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 25.29 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 34.10 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"CIA 프로젝트에서는 데이터베이스로 들어오는 요청을 중간에 수집(Sniffing)하고 수집한 데이터를 분석(Parsing)하여 그로 인한 결과를 판단하여 알릴 수 있는 시스템(Push Service)이 필요하다. 그리고 연구를 ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_krc
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.66 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 2.68 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 3.34 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Шамханланы, Бийлени къаршысына ябушуп, Батыр уланларыбызны къоллары булан «ортакъ ожакъ» къургъанбыз. Шо иш уллу зараллы иш бол..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_ku
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 33.38 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 99.06 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 132.44 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"Me di 114 bernameyên xwe yên berê da perçeyên ji berhemên zanyarî yên kurdzanên mezin bi wergera kurdî da ...\\nMe di 114 bernam..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_kv
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.40 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 2.38 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 2.78 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Коми кытшыслӧн ыджытжык тор вӧр увтын куйлӧ, сійӧн и фаунасӧ татӧн аркмӧтӧны вӧрын олісь подаэз. Ассямаӧн лоӧ сія, мый кытшас с..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_kw
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.01 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.04 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.05 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼Pray without ceasing🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_ky
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 152.64 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 630.79 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 783.43 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Turmush: Бишкек шаардык кеңешинин кезексиз отурумунда мэрге ишенбөөчүлүк көрсөтүү маселеси каралат, - депутат Т.Сагынов\\nБишкек..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_la
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 5.46 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 27.80 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 33.26 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Hæ sunt generationes Noë: Noë vir justus atque perfectus fuit in generationibus suis; cum Deo ambulavit.\\nEcce ego adducam aqua..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_lb
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 10.73 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 30.60 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 41.32 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"Während dem Gaardefestival \\\"Ambiance Jardins\\\" vum 15. bis de 17. Mee huet den SNJ nees zesumme mam Groupe Animateur en Inform..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_lez
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.83 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 3.38 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 4.20 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"Ахцегь хуьр, виридалай ч1ехи лезги хуьрерикая я. Ам Урусатдин виридалай къиблепатавай хуьрерикай я. Ин хуьр...\"..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_li
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.01 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.03 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.04 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"'t Good Goedenraad aan de Ezerbaek besjteit oet 'n kesjtièl mèt gesjlote haof en 'n park van 26 hectare. Hie in sjtoon väól beu..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_lmo
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.10 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.47 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.58 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"Serét (en tortonés: Sregh; en piemontés: Srèj) l'è 'n cümü italià, de la regiù del Piemónt, en Pruvìncia de Alessandria. El g'h..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_lo
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 33.92 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 182.36 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 216.28 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"ຜູ້ພິພາກສາ ປະຈຳເຂດ ສຫລ ທ່ານນຶ່ງ ຕັດສິນວ່າ ໂຄງການເກັບກຳຂໍ້ມູນ ທາງໂທລະສັບ ຂອງອົງການ ຄວາມໝັ້ນຄົງແຫ່ງຊາດ ແມ່ນຖືກຕ້ອງ ຕາມກົດໝາຍ.\\nກະ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_lrc
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.02 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.07 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.09 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"آرلینگتون یئ گئل د شأریا ڤولاتچە ڤیرجینیا و یئ گئل د شأریا ڤولات ڤولاتچە یا یأکاگئرئتە ئمریکاە. ئی شأر دویومی کألوٙن شأر د راسا..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_lt
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 3.44 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 9.45 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 12.89 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"Čir vir vir pavasaris! Čia čia čia… dalinamės labai simpatiška video pamokėle, kurią pristato ab888art galerija.\\nBe galo papra..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_lv
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 1.49 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 4.27 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 5.75 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"Dekoratīvi sliekšņi MITSUBISHI OUTLANDER 2007, izgatavoti no ovālas formas, pulētas nerūsējošā tērauda caurules...\\ndažādas tūn..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_mai
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.01 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.33 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.34 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"१ · २ · ३ · ४ · ५ · ६ · ७ · ८ · ९ · १० · ११ · १२ · १३ · १४ · १५ · १६ · १७ · १८ · १९ · २० · २१ · २२ · २३ · २४ · २५ · २६ · २७ · २..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_mg
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 6.22 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 21.79 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 28.01 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"Nanamboatra taratasy apetaka sy soso-kevitra ho an'ny olona te-hanatevin-daharana ity fihetsiketsehana ity i Anocrena.\\nNosorat..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_mhr
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 1.84 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 7.55 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 9.38 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Акрет жап годым Уганда кундемым Пигмей племена- влак айлен шогеныт. мемнан эран 1 курым гыч Банту племена влакат тиде кундемышк..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_min
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.01 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.63 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.64 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\" ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_mk
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 508.24 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 2.20 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 2.71 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"„Филм плус“ е насловен првиот филмски месечник во Македонија, чиј прв број ќе биде промовиран вечер во „Менада“. Новото македон..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_ml
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 938.69 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 5.24 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 6.18 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"സ്ത്രീ പ്രവേശനം സര്ക്കാര് പൂര്ണമായും അംഗീകരിക്കുന്നുവെന്നും ശബരിമലയുടെ സുരക്ഷയില് ഇടപെടുമെന്നും സര്ക്കാര് ഹൈക്കോടതിയില്\\..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_mn
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 472.36 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 2.33 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 2.81 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"Монгол улс, Улаанбаатар хот - 14191 Энхтайваны өргөн чөлөө - 10, Багш хөгжлийн ордон, Багшийн мэргэжил дээшлүүлэх институт\\nБаг..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_mr
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 525.31 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 2.82 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 3.34 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Home / motivational marathi story / उद्योजकता (Entrepreneurship) / यांना हे जमलय, तर आपल्याला का नाही जमणार ?\\nयापैकी कोणाचीही ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_mrj
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.30 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.16 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 1.47 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Лӹпӹвлӓ (латинлӓ Lepidoptera ; алыкмарла лыве-влак) — капшангывлӓ йыхыш пырышы сӱмӓн нӹл шылдыран капшангывлӓ. Цилӓжӹ 180000 тӹ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_ms
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 28.46 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 122.33 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 150.79 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"Sanad pertama daripada Zuhair bin Harb daripada ‘Affan daripada Hammad daripada Thabit daripada Anas.\\nSanad kedua daripada ‘Ab..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_mt
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 7.53 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 24.47 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 32.00 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 0,
"text": "tibgħat il-kawża lura lill-Qorti Ġenerali għall-annullament jew għat-tnaqqis tal-penalità imposta mill-Kummissjoni bid-deċiżjoni inizjali kif emendata bid-deċiżjoni ta’ rettifika;"
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_mwl
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.00 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.00 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.00 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Deciplina social i outónoma que angloba atebidades de ouserbaçon, de análeze, de çcriçon, cumparaçon, de sistematizaçon i de sp..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_my
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 369.85 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 2.02 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 2.39 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"ျမ၀တီ - ရန္ကုန္တိုင္းေဒသႀကီး ေျမာက္ဥကၠလာပႏွင္႕ ဗဟန္းၿမိဳ႔နယ္ မေကြးတိုင္း ေဒသႀကီး ပခုကၠဴၿမိဳ႔နယ္တို႔၌ ျမန္မာ႕တပ္မေတာ္အား ေထာက္ခံ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_myv
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.00 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.00 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.00 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"2018 иень умарьковонь 6-це чистэ сась паро куля! Россиянь культурань Министерствась макссь невтемань конёв (прокатной удостовер..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_mzn
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.18 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.72 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.90 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"قرآن یا قوران اسلام ِآسمونی کتاب هسته. مسلمونون گانّّه قرآن ره خدا، وحی جه برسنییه، «محمد معجزه» هسته و ثقلین حدیث دله ونه خَو..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_nah
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.00 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.01 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.01 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 0,
"text": "In mācuīlpōhualxihuitl VI (inic chicuacē) in mācuīlpōhualli xiuhitl cāhuitl īhuīcpa 501 xihuitl oc 600 xihuitl."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_nap
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.00 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.02 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.02 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"ò AUDIT í Ç è î ÿ å å 30 ò ÿ ÿ é, õ ñ ì ÿ, ê ã- ò à ì. å â å í ç â à à é ñ è å é ó ó ë. å å å û è å î é è à. à è à AUDIT 1-7 â ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_nds
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 6.74 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 18.23 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 24.99 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Dor kann sik vun nu af an de hele plattdüütsche Welt – vun Niebüll bit New York, vun Helgoland bit Honolulu – drapen. Allens, w..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_ne
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 355.29 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.87 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 2.22 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"बर्दिबास नगरपालिकाको तेस्रो नगर परिषदबाट पारित आ.व.२०७३।७४ को संशोधित र २०७४।७५ को प्रस्तावित नीति, कार्यक्रम तथा बजेट\\nअार्थिक..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_new
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 1.03 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 5.77 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 6.79 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"थ्व शहरयागु अक्षांश ३४.७००१६४ उत्तर व देशान्तर ८६.३७६४६९ पश्चिम खः (34.700164° N 86.376469° W)। थ्व थासे ७२२६७३२ वर्ग मिटर (२.७..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_nl
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 29.35 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 83.23 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 112.58 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Op vrijdag 31 augustus wordt het nieuwe studiejaar van de masteropleiding architectuur geopend met een dagexcursie naar Venlo.\\..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_nn
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 32.86 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 90.84 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 123.70 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 0,
"text": "Planomtale krav til innhald Bakgrunn: Spørsmål frå fleire kommunar om kva ein planomtale/planbeskrivelse bør innehalde Fylkeskommunen og fylkesmannen har i ein del saker reist motsegn på formelt grunnlag"
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_no
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 3.11 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 8.65 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 11.76 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"Ytterligere aktører i primærhelsetjenesten og andre NHS-virksomheter ble infisert, inkludert legekontor.Læreren vår er så attra..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_oc
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 1.57 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 6.12 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 7.71 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 1,
"text": ".рф (rf, còdi punycode: .xn--p1ai)[1] es lo nom de domeni en rus per Russia. Foguèt activat lo 12 de mai de 2010. Lo còdi latin es .ru."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_or
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 49.84 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 260.15 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 309.99 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"ଭୁବନେଶ୍ୱର, ୨୭/୧– (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ପୁଅ) ସିପିଆଇ ଜାତୀୟ ପରିଷଦର ଆହ୍ୱାନକ୍ରମେ ଗତକାଲି ଜାନୁୟାରୀ ୨୬ ସାଧାରଣତନ୍ତ୍ର ଦିବସକୁ ଦେଶ ବ୍ୟାପୀ ସମ୍ବିଧାନ ସୁରକ୍ଷା ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_os
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 3.09 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 12.90 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 15.99 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"1. Лæппу æмæ чызг казрæдзийы зæрдæмæ куы фæцæуынц æмæ, куы сфæнд кæнынц сæ цард баиу кæнын, уæд лæппу бар ракуры чызгæй, цæмæй ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_pa
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 164.21 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 801.16 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 965.37 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"ਰਜਿ: ਨੰ: PB/JL-138/2018-20 ਜਿਲਦ 63, ਬਾਨੀ ਸੰਪਾਦਕ (ਸਵ:) ਡਾ: ਸਾਧੂ ਸਿੰਘ ਹਮਦਰਦ ਫ਼ੋਨ : 0181-2455961-62-63, 5032400, ਫੈਕਸ : 2455960, 2..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_pam
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.00 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.00 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.00 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Áku pu i Anak ning Aláya at ngeni ipákit kó kékayu ngan nûng makanánu lang susúlat détinang kulit a mágkas. Lauan ya ing tarátu..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_pl
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 42.88 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 117.12 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 160.01 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"System informatyczny - Załącznik nr 1 do zarządzenia Wójta Gminy Podegrodzie Nr 530/2013 z dnia 27 maja 2013 r\\nSystem informat..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_pms
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.75 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 2.15 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 2.92 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"Louvigné-du-Désert a l'é na comun-a fransèisa ant la region aministrativa dla Brëtagna, ant ël dipartiment d'Ille-et-Vilaine. A..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_pnb
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 3.22 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 12.04 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 15.26 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"ایہ فائل Wikimedia Commons توں اے تے دوجیاں ویونتاں تے وی ورتی جاےکدی اے۔ گل بات اس دے فائل گل بات صفہ تے تھلے دتی گئی۔\"..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_ps
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 103.66 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 379.51 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 483.17 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Many people usually use the time period ‘business to business (B2B) advertising,’ however most of them do not know precisely wh..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_pt
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 47.26 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 132.64 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 179.89 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Você pode estar lendo este texto no sofá, levantar pra pegar uma breja na geladeira, dar uma cagada e sentar novamente, sem int..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_qu
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.02 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.08 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.10 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 1,
"text": "Warayu wichay (kastilla simipi: Ascensión de Guarayos) nisqaqa Buliwya mama llaqtapi, Santa Krus suyupi, huk llaqtam, Warayu pruwinsyap uma llaqtanmi."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_rm
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.00 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.01 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.01 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"practicists agrars / practicistas agraras AFP pon far ina furmaziun da basa scursanida per cuntanscher in attestat federal da q..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_ro
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 9.53 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 26.87 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 36.40 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"“În viață, oportunitatea nu este totul. Cine atrage Lumina, cineva bun în umbră. Timpul ne creează.” maestru\\nLyn.Evans: Ce mar..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_ru
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 319.76 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1241.63 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 1561.38 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"Доступ к данному профилю для публичного просмотра закрыт администрацией сайта - профиль находится на модерации.\\nРазработчикам ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_sa
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 17.52 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 97.06 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 114.58 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"अनिरुद्धनगरे क्रीडिता रामलीला सम्प्रति समाप्ता अस्ति । तस्य कानिचन् चित्राणि पूर्वमेव प्रकाशितानि सन्ति । द्वौ चलचित्रौ अपि ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_sah
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 9.08 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 43.82 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 52.90 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"███████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_scn
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.00 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.00 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.00 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 0,
"text": "La gilusìa è nu sintimentu dulurusu ca nasci d'un disideriu di pussessu sclusivu ntê cunfrunti dâ pirsuna amata e dû timuri, dû suspettu o dâ cirtizza dâ sò nfidiltati."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_sd
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 90.62 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 364.25 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 454.88 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"هر ڪو ڄاڻي ٿو ته جڏهن توهان هڪ وڏي خريد ڪرڻ چاهيون ٿا, توهان پڄي ضروري حڪم ۾ ان جي ڪم ڪرڻ جي هٿ ۾ لاڳاپو ڪيو آهي. جي شيء آهي ته..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_sh
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 3.46 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 25.84 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 29.30 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Opština Gornja Radgona se nalazi u sjeveroistočnoj Sloveniji i graniči s susjednom Austriji duž rijeke Mure. Sa tridesetim nase..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_si
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 310.93 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.47 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 1.78 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"ලාංකීය සිතිවිලි සිංහල බ්ලොග් කියවනය කොත්තු සින්ඩිය ලංකා Blogger හත්මාළුව ලංකා බ්ලොග් කියවනය මාතලන්ගේ සින්ඩිය මොබයිල්lk\\nඅවකාශය ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_sk
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 3.71 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 9.81 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 13.52 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Aktivity | Agentúra podporovaného zamestnávania | vzdelávanie pre klientov, vzdelávanie pre odborníkov, kurzy\\nŠpecializované k..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_sl
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 956.20 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 2.68 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 3.63 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Če Creatures, ki je želel, da pridejo na čas, predvsem je povedlo – razlikuje od ljubosumja začel grizenja kolen (ali zadnjica)..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_so
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.00 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.06 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.06 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"тттттттттттттттттттттттттттттттт тттттттттттттттттттттттттттттттт тттттттттттттттттттттттттттттттт ттттттттттттттттуууууууууууу..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_sq
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 861.84 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 2.44 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 3.30 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Çfarë do të më pëlqente tek një femër ose çfarë do të më shndërronte në një shpërthim drite? – Albert Vataj\\nTë gjithëve një zo..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_sr
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 1.08 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 4.13 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 5.21 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"Корисни савети за сваки дан. На сајту су разне категорије, као што су љепота, мода, кување и поправка властитим рукама.\\nШколск..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_su
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.06 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.23 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.28 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 1,
"text": "Kartu krédit nyaéta \"duit plastik\" anu dikaluarkeun ku bank pikeun alat pambayaran di tempat-tempat nu tangtu samisal jiga di hotél, réstoran, tempat rékréasi jeung sajabana.[1]"
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_sv
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 17.18 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 47.00 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 64.18 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"1783 är ett viktigt årtal i den nya tidens historia. Det året slöts en fred i Paris och därmed blev de 13 brittiska kolonierna ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_sw
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 3.71 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 14.07 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 17.78 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 1,
"text": "Miripuko hiyo inakuja mwanzoni mwa Wiki Takatifu kuelekea Pasaka na ikiwa ni wiki chache tu kabla ya Papa Francis kuanza ziara yake katika nchi hiyo yenye idadi kubwa kabisa ya watu katika ulimwengu wa nchi za Kiarabu."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_ta
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 1.74 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 9.93 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 11.67 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"பொழுது சாய்ந்து வெகு நேரமாகிவிட்டது. கூலி வேலைக்குப் போயிருந்த 'சித்தாள் ' பெண்கள் எல்லோரும் வீடு திரும்பி விட்டார்கள். இன்னும்..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_te
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 522.47 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 2.61 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 3.13 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"హర్యానాలో టోల్ దగ్గర సిబ్బంది.. స్థానిక ప్రజలు కొట్టుకున్నారు. కర్నాల్ అనే గ్రామానికి సమీపంలో టోల్ గేట్ ఉంది. అయితే సాధారణంగా స..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_tg
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 90.97 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 397.43 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 488.41 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Ҳумайро гуфтааст, мухолифи низом аст, низоме, ки дар Тоҷикистон вуҷуд дорад. Ба ин маънӣ, худро мухолифи давлату ҳукумати Тоҷик..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_th
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 7.38 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 38.29 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 45.67 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"ฟันที่แลดูขาวสะอาดไม่มีเศษอาหารติดอยู่ เหงือกสีชมพู ไม่เจ็บ หรือมีเลือดออกเวลาแปรงฟันหรือขัดฟัน ไม่มีปัญหาเรื่องกลิ่นปาก ทำให้ก..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_tk
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 2.96 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 10.66 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 13.62 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"Türkmenistanyň Prezidenti agyr atletika boýunça dünýä çempionatyna taýýarlyk işleriniň barşy bilen tanyşdy\\nHalallykdan kemal t..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_tl
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 204.89 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 606.30 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 811.19 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"“Gusto ko manawagan sa mga Unit Head ng Chanel 2 Salve. Kasi napapansin ko iyon mga alaga ko ang taping halos once a week lang,..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_tr
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 21.96 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 63.58 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 85.54 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Son yıllarda görülen ay tutulmalarına göre daha etkili olacağı söylenen Kanlı veya Kırmızı Ay Tutulmasına saatler kaldı. Bu akş..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_tt
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 151.06 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 703.42 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 854.47 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"\\\"Иремнең вафатына 40 көн узгач, Алмаз да безнең өйгә кереп үлде\\\". Арчада 35 яшьлек ир өстенә кондызлар ега башлаган агач төшк..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_tyv
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.00 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.01 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.01 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Экии, хүндүлуг аалчылар болгаш тыва дылдың деткикчилери! Тыва дылдың болгаш чогаалдың ховар бир башкызынга, Менги Ооржакка, ажы..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_ug
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 27.92 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 127.42 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 155.35 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"زاڭ-ءتۇزىم | عىلىم-تەحنيكا | ءتىل-ادەبيەت | تۇرمىس | دەنە تاربيە | ساياحات-ورتا | سۋرەتتى حابار | سىر سۇحبات | ارناۋلى تاقىرىپ ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_uk
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 14.42 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 56.44 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 70.86 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Про надання роз'яснення (щодо форми письмового зобов'язання громадян про зворотне ввезення/вивезення товарів), Державна митна с..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_ur
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 712.61 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 2.80 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 3.51 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"آئیے اہم اسلامی کتب کو یونیکوڈ میں انٹرنیٹ پر پیش کرنے کے لئے مل جل کر آن لائن ٹائپنگ کریں۔ محدث ٹائپنگ پراجیکٹ کے ذریعے آپ روز..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_uz
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 5.78 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 21.46 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 27.24 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 1,
"text": "Qurama tog'lari tizmasining Toshkentdan 154 km uzoqlikdagi Toshkent-Ush yo'li yeqasidaxushmanzara tabiat qo'ynida joylashgan maydoni 30 ga.\nBolalarni sog'lomlashtirish oromgohi Bo'stonliq tumani Oqtosh muntaqasining soy-salqin gushasida joylashgan."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_vec
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.01 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.02 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.03 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Par ogni pónto, ła derivada ła xe ła pendensa de ła reta tangente a ła curva de ła funsion f. Ła reta de cołor róso l'è senpre ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_vi
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 21.50 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 72.23 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 93.73 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Canh chua cá bông lau không chỉ là món ăn giải nhiệt, thanh mát ngày hè mà còn là món siêu bổ dưỡng, rất tốt cho người gầy ốm. ..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_vo
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.30 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 2.12 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 2.42 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 1,
"text": "Sarniguet binon zif in ziläk: Hautes-Pyrénées, in topäd: Midi-Pyrénées, in Fransän. Sarniguet topon videtü 43°19’ 7’’ N e lunetü 0°5’ 19’’ L."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_wa
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.09 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.29 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.38 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 1,
"text": "Cisse pådje ci n' est co k' on djermon, dj' ô bén k' el pådje est djusse sibåtcheye, eyet co trop tene; et s' divreut ele ecråxhî ene miete."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_war
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.64 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 2.68 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 3.32 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"id": 1,
"text": "An Honce amo in usa ka baryo ngan munisipalidad ha distrito han Rožňava ha rehiyon han Košice ha nasod han Slovakia.\nAn Rumegies amo in usa ka komyun ha departamento han Nord ngan ha rehiyon han Nord-Pas-de-Calais ha nasod han Fransya."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_wuu
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.01 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.12 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.13 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"伊春元旦天气 伊春腊八天气 伊春春节天气 伊春情人节天气 伊春元宵节天气 伊春愚人节天气 伊春清明节天气 伊春劳动节天气 伊春母亲节天气 伊春端午节天气 伊春七夕节天气 伊春教师节天气 伊春中秋节天气 伊春国庆节天气 伊春重阳节天气 伊春万圣节天气 伊春..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_xal
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.03 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.12 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.15 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Арнгудин Орн гисн Европд бәәдг һазр. 2007 җилин тooһaр эн орн нутгт 3,600,523 әмтн бәәдг билә. Арнгудин Орнин хотл балһсна нерн..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_xmf
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 1.05 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 6.12 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 7.17 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"მოჩამილი ტექსტი წჷმორინელი რე Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike ლიცენზიათ; შილებე გეძინელი პირობეფიშ არსებუა. კილიშკილიშა..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_yi
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 33.33 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 147.60 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 180.94 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"ממשותדיק - חבֿרה, איך אַרבעט איצט אױף אַ זשורנאַל. טאָמער איר האָט עפּעס צוצוגעבן זאָלט איר שיקן מיר אַן אָנזאָג. ס'װעט הײסן \\\"..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_yo
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.01 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.06 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.06 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 0,
"text": "\"Copyright © 2018 BBC. BBC kò mọ̀ nípa àwọn ohun tí ó wà ní àwọn ojú òpó tí ó wà ní ìta. Ọwọ́ tí a fi mú ìbáṣepọ̀ ti ìta.\"..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_yue
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.00 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.00 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.00 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"我 灌 我 灌 我 灌 灌 灌 我 灌 我 灌 我 灌 灌 灌 我 灌 我 灌 我 灌 灌 灌 我 灌 我 灌 我 灌 灌 灌 我 灌 我 灌 我 灌 灌 灌 我 灌 我 灌 我 灌 灌 灌 你還不爆 我累了 投降輸一半可以嗎\"..."
}
```
#### unshuffled_original_zh
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 206.00 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 545.61 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 751.61 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"id": 1,
"text": "\"中国铝灰网 中国有色金属矿产网 中国黄莲网 中国水轮发电机网 中国抽油泵网 中国数控雕刻机网 中国不锈钢抛光网 中国磨具加工网 中国压铸铝网 中国耐水腻子网 中国手机摄像头网 中国粗粮网 中国车门锁网 中国钛粉网 中国轮圈网\\n天天中奖彩票图 天天中彩票..."
}
```
</details>
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all configs.
- `id`: a `int64` feature.
- `text`: a `string` feature.
### Data Splits
<details>
<summary>Click to expand the number of samples per configuration</summary>
| Language | Language code | Name original | Train original | Words original | Size original | Name deduplicated | Train deduplicated | Words deduplicated | Size deduplicated |
| ----------------- | ------------- | ----------------------- | -------------- | --------------- | ------------- | --------------------------- | ------------------ | ------------------ | ----------------- |
| Afrikaans | af | unshuffled_original_af | 201117 | 43,482,801 | 241M | unshuffled_deduplicated_af | 130640 | 29,533,437 | 163M |
| Albanian | sq | unshuffled_original_sq | 672077 | 374,196,110 | 2.3G | unshuffled_deduplicated_sq | 461598 | 186,856,699 | 1.2G |
| Alemannic | als | unshuffled_original_als | 7324 | 841,750 | 5.0M | unshuffled_deduplicated_als | 4518 | 459,001 | 2.8M |
| Amharic | am | unshuffled_original_am | 83663 | 28,301,601 | 360M | unshuffled_deduplicated_am | 43102 | 16,086,628 | 206M |
| Arabic | ar | unshuffled_original_ar | 16365602 | 8,117,162,828 | 82G | unshuffled_deduplicated_ar | 9006977 | 3,171,221,354 | 32G |
| Aragonese | an | unshuffled_original_an | 2449 | 52,896 | 1.3M | unshuffled_deduplicated_an | 2025 | 45,669 | 801K |
| Armenian | hy | unshuffled_original_hy | 659430 | 273,919,388 | 3.7G | unshuffled_deduplicated_hy | 396093 | 110,196,043 | 1.5G |
| Assamese | as | unshuffled_original_as | 14985 | 6,956,663 | 113M | unshuffled_deduplicated_as | 9212 | 4,366,570 | 71M |
| Asturian | ast | unshuffled_original_ast | 6999 | 381,005 | 2.4M | unshuffled_deduplicated_ast | 5343 | 325,237 | 2.0M |
| Avaric | av | unshuffled_original_av | 456 | 24,720 | 409K | unshuffled_deduplicated_av | 360 | 19,478 | 324K |
| Azerbaijani | az | unshuffled_original_az | 912330 | 322,641,710 | 2.8G | unshuffled_deduplicated_az | 626796 | 167,742,296 | 1.5G |
| Bashkir | ba | unshuffled_original_ba | 42551 | 9,796,764 | 128M | unshuffled_deduplicated_ba | 27050 | 6,922,589 | 90M |
| Basque | eu | unshuffled_original_eu | 506883 | 120,456,652 | 848M | unshuffled_deduplicated_eu | 256513 | 45,359,710 | 342M |
| Bavarian | bar | unshuffled_original_bar | 4 | 399 | 503 | unshuffled_deduplicated_bar | 4 | 399 | 503 |
| Belarusian | be | unshuffled_original_be | 586031 | 144,579,630 | 1.8G | unshuffled_deduplicated_be | 307405 | 83,499,037 | 1.1G |
| Bengali | bn | unshuffled_original_bn | 1675515 | 623,575,733 | 11G | unshuffled_deduplicated_bn | 1114481 | 363,766,143 | 5.8G |
| Bihari | bh | unshuffled_original_bh | 336 | 8,848 | 110K | unshuffled_deduplicated_bh | 82 | 2,875 | 34K |
| Bishnupriya | bpy | unshuffled_original_bpy | 6046 | 198,286 | 4.1M | unshuffled_deduplicated_bpy | 1770 | 96,940 | 1.7M |
| Bosnian | bs | unshuffled_original_bs | 2143 | 106,448 | 447K | unshuffled_deduplicated_bs | 702 | 20,485 | 116K |
| Breton | br | unshuffled_original_br | 37085 | 5,013,241 | 29M | unshuffled_deduplicated_br | 14724 | 2,890,384 | 16M |
| Bulgarian | bg | unshuffled_original_bg | 5869686 | 2,947,648,106 | 32G | unshuffled_deduplicated_bg | 3398679 | 1,268,114,977 | 14G |
| Burmese | my | unshuffled_original_my | 232329 | 56,111,184 | 1.9G | unshuffled_deduplicated_my | 136639 | 30,102,173 | 1.1G |
| Catalan | ca | unshuffled_original_ca | 4390754 | 1,360,212,450 | 8.0G | unshuffled_deduplicated_ca | 2458067 | 729,333,440 | 4.3G |
| Cebuano | ceb | unshuffled_original_ceb | 56248 | 6,603,567 | 39M | unshuffled_deduplicated_ceb | 26145 | 3,675,024 | 24M |
| Central Bikol | bcl | unshuffled_original_bcl | 1 | 312 | 885 | unshuffled_deduplicated_bcl | 1 | 312 | 885 |
| Central Khmer | km | unshuffled_original_km | 159363 | 20,690,610 | 1.1G | unshuffled_deduplicated_km | 108346 | 10,082,245 | 581M |
| Central Kurdish | ckb | unshuffled_original_ckb | 103639 | 48,478,334 | 487M | unshuffled_deduplicated_ckb | 68210 | 18,726,721 | 226M |
| Chavacano | cbk | unshuffled_original_cbk | 1 | 130 | 520 | unshuffled_deduplicated_cbk | 1 | 130 | 520 |
| Chechen | ce | unshuffled_original_ce | 4042 | 711,051 | 8.3M | unshuffled_deduplicated_ce | 2984 | 568,146 | 6.7M |
| Chinese | zh | unshuffled_original_zh | 60137667 | 14,986,424,850 | 508G | unshuffled_deduplicated_zh | 41708901 | 6,350,215,113 | 249G |
| Chuvash | cv | unshuffled_original_cv | 20281 | 3,041,614 | 39M | unshuffled_deduplicated_cv | 10130 | 2,054,810 | 26M |
| Cornish | kw | unshuffled_original_kw | 203 | 8,329 | 44K | unshuffled_deduplicated_kw | 68 | 2,704 | 14K |
| Croatian | hr | unshuffled_original_hr | 582219 | 34,232,765 | 226M | unshuffled_deduplicated_hr | 321484 | 16,727,640 | 110M |
| Czech | cs | unshuffled_original_cs | 21001388 | 7,715,977,441 | 53G | unshuffled_deduplicated_cs | 12308039 | 3,540,997,509 | 24G |
| Danish | da | unshuffled_original_da | 7664010 | 2,637,463,889 | 16G | unshuffled_deduplicated_da | 4771098 | 1,620,091,317 | 9.5G |
| Dhivehi | dv | unshuffled_original_dv | 21018 | 7,559,472 | 126M | unshuffled_deduplicated_dv | 17024 | 4,726,660 | 79M |
| Dimli | diq | unshuffled_original_diq | 1 | 19 | 146 | unshuffled_deduplicated_diq | 1 | 19 | 146 |
| Dutch | nl | unshuffled_original_nl | 34682142 | 13,020,136,373 | 78G | unshuffled_deduplicated_nl | 20812149 | 6,598,786,137 | 39G |
| Eastern Mari | mhr | unshuffled_original_mhr | 3212 | 565,992 | 7.2M | unshuffled_deduplicated_mhr | 2515 | 469,297 | 6.0M |
| Egyptian Arabic | arz | unshuffled_original_arz | 158113 | 7,305,151 | 66M | unshuffled_deduplicated_arz | 79928 | 3,659,419 | 33M |
| Emilian-Romagnol | eml | unshuffled_original_eml | 84 | 6,376 | 25K | unshuffled_deduplicated_eml | 80 | 6,121 | 24K |
| English | en | unshuffled_original_en | 455994980 | 418,187,793,408 | 2.3T | unshuffled_deduplicated_en | 304230423 | 215,841,256,971 | 1.2T |
| Erzya | myv | unshuffled_original_myv | 6 | 90 | 1.4K | unshuffled_deduplicated_myv | 5 | 78 | 1.2K |
| Esperanto | eo | unshuffled_original_eo | 121171 | 48,486,161 | 299M | unshuffled_deduplicated_eo | 84752 | 37,324,446 | 228M |
| Estonian | et | unshuffled_original_et | 2093621 | 643,163,730 | 4.8G | unshuffled_deduplicated_et | 1172041 | 309,931,463 | 2.3G |
| Finnish | fi | unshuffled_original_fi | 8557453 | 3,196,666,419 | 27G | unshuffled_deduplicated_fi | 5326443 | 1,597,855,468 | 13G |
| French | fr | unshuffled_original_fr | 96742378 | 46,896,036,417 | 282G | unshuffled_deduplicated_fr | 59448891 | 23,206,776,649 | 138G |
| Galician | gl | unshuffled_original_gl | 544388 | 102,011,291 | 620M | unshuffled_deduplicated_gl | 284320 | 63,600,602 | 384M |
| Georgian | ka | unshuffled_original_ka | 563916 | 171,950,621 | 3.6G | unshuffled_deduplicated_ka | 372158 | 91,569,739 | 1.9G |
| German | de | unshuffled_original_de | 104913504 | 44,878,908,446 | 308G | unshuffled_deduplicated_de | 62398034 | 21,529,164,172 | 145G |
| Goan Konkani | gom | unshuffled_original_gom | 640 | 124,277 | 2.2M | unshuffled_deduplicated_gom | 484 | 102,306 | 1.8M |
| Guarani | gn | unshuffled_original_gn | 106 | 7,382 | 36K | unshuffled_deduplicated_gn | 68 | 4,680 | 24K |
| Gujarati | gu | unshuffled_original_gu | 240691 | 72,045,701 | 1.1G | unshuffled_deduplicated_gu | 169834 | 50,023,432 | 722M |
| Haitian | ht | unshuffled_original_ht | 13 | 1,014 | 3.9K | unshuffled_deduplicated_ht | 9 | 832 | 3.3K |
| Hebrew | he | unshuffled_original_he | 3808397 | 2,067,753,528 | 20G | unshuffled_deduplicated_he | 2375030 | 1,032,018,056 | 9.8G |
| Hindi | hi | unshuffled_original_hi | 3264660 | 1,372,234,782 | 17G | unshuffled_deduplicated_hi | 1909387 | 745,774,934 | 8.9G |
| Hungarian | hu | unshuffled_original_hu | 11197780 | 5,163,936,345 | 40G | unshuffled_deduplicated_hu | 6582908 | 2,339,127,555 | 18G |
| Icelandic | is | unshuffled_original_is | 625673 | 219,900,094 | 1.5G | unshuffled_deduplicated_is | 389515 | 129,818,331 | 846M |
| Ido | io | unshuffled_original_io | 694 | 25,702 | 147K | unshuffled_deduplicated_io | 617 | 22,773 | 130K |
| Iloko | ilo | unshuffled_original_ilo | 2638 | 142,942 | 874K | unshuffled_deduplicated_ilo | 1578 | 105,564 | 636K |
| Indonesian | id | unshuffled_original_id | 16236463 | 4,574,692,265 | 30G | unshuffled_deduplicated_id | 9948521 | 2,394,957,629 | 16G |
| Interlingua | ia | unshuffled_original_ia | 1040 | 180,231 | 662K | unshuffled_deduplicated_ia | 529 | 100,019 | 360K |
| Interlingue | ie | unshuffled_original_ie | 101 | 5,352 | 24K | unshuffled_deduplicated_ie | 11 | 602 | 1.6K |
| Irish | ga | unshuffled_original_ga | 83223 | 14,483,593 | 88M | unshuffled_deduplicated_ga | 46493 | 10,017,303 | 60M |
| Italian | it | unshuffled_original_it | 46981781 | 22,248,707,341 | 137G | unshuffled_deduplicated_it | 28522082 | 11,250,012,896 | 69G |
| Japanese | ja | unshuffled_original_ja | 62721527 | 4,962,979,182 | 216G | unshuffled_deduplicated_ja | 39496439 | 1,123,067,063 | 106G |
| Javanese | jv | unshuffled_original_jv | 1445 | 104,896 | 659K | unshuffled_deduplicated_jv | 1163 | 86,654 | 583K |
| Kalmyk | xal | unshuffled_original_xal | 39 | 10,277 | 113K | unshuffled_deduplicated_xal | 36 | 10,155 | 112K |
| Kannada | kn | unshuffled_original_kn | 350363 | 81,186,863 | 1.7G | unshuffled_deduplicated_kn | 251064 | 49,343,462 | 1.1G |
| Karachay-Balkar | krc | unshuffled_original_krc | 1581 | 185,436 | 2.6M | unshuffled_deduplicated_krc | 1377 | 166,496 | 2.3M |
| Kazakh | kk | unshuffled_original_kk | 524591 | 191,126,469 | 2.7G | unshuffled_deduplicated_kk | 338073 | 108,388,743 | 1.5G |
| Kirghiz | ky | unshuffled_original_ky | 146993 | 44,194,823 | 600M | unshuffled_deduplicated_ky | 86561 | 28,982,620 | 388M |
| Komi | kv | unshuffled_original_kv | 1549 | 201,404 | 2.3M | unshuffled_deduplicated_kv | 924 | 95,243 | 1.2M |
| Korean | ko | unshuffled_original_ko | 7345075 | 2,368,765,142 | 24G | unshuffled_deduplicated_ko | 3675420 | 1,120,375,149 | 12G |
| Kurdish | ku | unshuffled_original_ku | 46535 | 15,561,003 | 94M | unshuffled_deduplicated_ku | 29054 | 9,946,440 | 60M |
| Lao | lo | unshuffled_original_lo | 52910 | 4,133,311 | 174M | unshuffled_deduplicated_lo | 32652 | 2,583,342 | 114M |
| Latin | la | unshuffled_original_la | 94588 | 4,122,201 | 26M | unshuffled_deduplicated_la | 18808 | 1,328,038 | 8.3M |
| Latvian | lv | unshuffled_original_lv | 1593820 | 520,761,977 | 4.0G | unshuffled_deduplicated_lv | 843195 | 236,428,905 | 1.8G |
| Lezghian | lez | unshuffled_original_lez | 1485 | 247,646 | 3.3M | unshuffled_deduplicated_lez | 1381 | 224,871 | 3.0M |
| Limburgan | li | unshuffled_original_li | 137 | 4,730 | 29K | unshuffled_deduplicated_li | 118 | 4,283 | 27K |
| Lithuanian | lt | unshuffled_original_lt | 2977757 | 1,159,661,742 | 8.8G | unshuffled_deduplicated_lt | 1737411 | 516,183,525 | 3.9G |
| Lojban | jbo | unshuffled_original_jbo | 832 | 154,330 | 736K | unshuffled_deduplicated_jbo | 617 | 141,973 | 678K |
| Lombard | lmo | unshuffled_original_lmo | 1401 | 75,229 | 443K | unshuffled_deduplicated_lmo | 1374 | 73,665 | 433K |
| Low German | nds | unshuffled_original_nds | 18174 | 2,906,347 | 18M | unshuffled_deduplicated_nds | 8714 | 2,146,417 | 13M |
| Lower Sorbian | dsb | unshuffled_original_dsb | 65 | 1,787 | 13K | unshuffled_deduplicated_dsb | 37 | 966 | 7.1K |
| Luxembourgish | lb | unshuffled_original_lb | 34807 | 4,403,577 | 29M | unshuffled_deduplicated_lb | 21735 | 3,087,650 | 21M |
| Macedonian | mk | unshuffled_original_mk | 437871 | 189,289,873 | 2.1G | unshuffled_deduplicated_mk | 299457 | 102,849,595 | 1.2G |
| Maithili | mai | unshuffled_original_mai | 123 | 69,161 | 317K | unshuffled_deduplicated_mai | 25 | 874 | 11K |
| Malagasy | mg | unshuffled_original_mg | 17957 | 3,068,360 | 21M | unshuffled_deduplicated_mg | 13343 | 1,872,044 | 13M |
| Malay | ms | unshuffled_original_ms | 534016 | 16,696,882 | 111M | unshuffled_deduplicated_ms | 183443 | 6,045,753 | 42M |
| Malayalam | ml | unshuffled_original_ml | 603937 | 189,534,472 | 4.9G | unshuffled_deduplicated_ml | 453904 | 95,892,551 | 2.5G |
| Maltese | mt | unshuffled_original_mt | 26598 | 2,995,654 | 24M | unshuffled_deduplicated_mt | 16383 | 2,163,358 | 17M |
| Marathi | mr | unshuffled_original_mr | 326804 | 162,609,404 | 2.7G | unshuffled_deduplicated_mr | 212556 | 82,130,803 | 1.4G |
| Mazanderani | mzn | unshuffled_original_mzn | 1055 | 73,870 | 691K | unshuffled_deduplicated_mzn | 917 | 64,481 | 602K |
| Minangkabau | min | unshuffled_original_min | 220 | 5,682 | 608K | unshuffled_deduplicated_min | 166 | 4,825 | 310K |
| Mingrelian | xmf | unshuffled_original_xmf | 3783 | 299,098 | 5.8M | unshuffled_deduplicated_xmf | 2418 | 228,629 | 4.4M |
| Mirandese | mwl | unshuffled_original_mwl | 8 | 171 | 1.2K | unshuffled_deduplicated_mwl | 7 | 152 | 1.1K |
| Modern Greek | el | unshuffled_original_el | 10425596 | 5,479,180,137 | 62G | unshuffled_deduplicated_el | 6521169 | 2,412,419,435 | 27G |
| Mongolian | mn | unshuffled_original_mn | 395605 | 181,307,167 | 2.2G | unshuffled_deduplicated_mn | 197878 | 68,362,013 | 838M |
| Nahuatl languages | nah | unshuffled_original_nah | 61 | 1,234 | 12K | unshuffled_deduplicated_nah | 58 | 1,193 | 11K |
| Neapolitan | nap | unshuffled_original_nap | 73 | 5,282 | 17K | unshuffled_deduplicated_nap | 55 | 4,147 | 13K |
| Nepali | ne | unshuffled_original_ne | 299938 | 107,448,208 | 1.8G | unshuffled_deduplicated_ne | 219334 | 71,628,317 | 1.2G |
| Newari | new | unshuffled_original_new | 4696 | 564,697 | 5.5M | unshuffled_deduplicated_new | 2126 | 288,995 | 4.1M |
| Northern Frisian | frr | unshuffled_original_frr | 7 | 1,516 | 4.4K | unshuffled_deduplicated_frr | 7 | 1,516 | 4.4K |
| Northern Luri | lrc | unshuffled_original_lrc | 88 | 8,022 | 76K | unshuffled_deduplicated_lrc | 72 | 6,740 | 63K |
| Norwegian | no | unshuffled_original_no | 5546211 | 1,344,326,388 | 8.0G | unshuffled_deduplicated_no | 3229940 | 804,894,377 | 4.7G |
| Norwegian Nynorsk | nn | unshuffled_original_nn | 185884 | 14,764,980 | 85M | unshuffled_deduplicated_nn | 109118 | 9,435,139 | 54M |
| Occitan | oc | unshuffled_original_oc | 10709 | 750,301 | 5.8M | unshuffled_deduplicated_oc | 6485 | 512,678 | 3.7M |
| Oriya | or | unshuffled_original_or | 59463 | 14,938,567 | 248M | unshuffled_deduplicated_or | 44230 | 11,321,740 | 188M |
| Ossetian | os | unshuffled_original_os | 5213 | 1,031,268 | 13M | unshuffled_deduplicated_os | 2559 | 878,765 | 11M |
| Pampanga | pam | unshuffled_original_pam | 3 | 130 | 760 | unshuffled_deduplicated_pam | 1 | 52 | 304 |
| Panjabi | pa | unshuffled_original_pa | 127467 | 61,847,806 | 763M | unshuffled_deduplicated_pa | 87235 | 37,555,835 | 460M |
| Persian | fa | unshuffled_original_fa | 13704702 | 9,096,554,121 | 79G | unshuffled_deduplicated_fa | 8203495 | 4,363,505,319 | 38G |
| Piemontese | pms | unshuffled_original_pms | 3225 | 362,013 | 2.1M | unshuffled_deduplicated_pms | 2859 | 337,246 | 1.9M |
| Polish | pl | unshuffled_original_pl | 35440972 | 15,277,255,137 | 109G | unshuffled_deduplicated_pl | 20682611 | 6,708,709,674 | 47G |
| Portuguese | pt | unshuffled_original_pt | 42114520 | 20,641,903,898 | 124G | unshuffled_deduplicated_pt | 26920397 | 10,751,156,918 | 64G |
| Pushto | ps | unshuffled_original_ps | 98216 | 46,559,441 | 361M | unshuffled_deduplicated_ps | 67921 | 31,347,348 | 242M |
| Quechua | qu | unshuffled_original_qu | 452 | 10,186 | 78K | unshuffled_deduplicated_qu | 411 | 8,691 | 67K |
| Romanian | ro | unshuffled_original_ro | 9387265 | 3,984,317,058 | 25G | unshuffled_deduplicated_ro | 5044757 | 1,741,794,069 | 11G |
| Romansh | rm | unshuffled_original_rm | 41 | 1,093 | 7.4K | unshuffled_deduplicated_rm | 34 | 960 | 6.5K |
| Russia Buriat | bxr | unshuffled_original_bxr | 42 | 963 | 13K | unshuffled_deduplicated_bxr | 36 | 809 | 11K |
| Russian | ru | unshuffled_original_ru | 161836003 | 92,522,407,837 | 1.2T | unshuffled_deduplicated_ru | 115954598 | 46,692,691,520 | 568G |
| Sanskrit | sa | unshuffled_original_sa | 14291 | 4,331,569 | 93M | unshuffled_deduplicated_sa | 7121 | 1,713,930 | 37M |
| Scottish Gaelic | gd | unshuffled_original_gd | 5799 | 310,689 | 1.9M | unshuffled_deduplicated_gd | 3883 | 207,110 | 1.3M |
| Serbian | sr | unshuffled_original_sr | 1013619 | 364,395,411 | 3.9G | unshuffled_deduplicated_sr | 645747 | 207,561,168 | 2.2G |
| Serbo-Croatian | sh | unshuffled_original_sh | 36700 | 5,292,184 | 25M | unshuffled_deduplicated_sh | 17610 | 1,040,573 | 5.8M |
| Sicilian | scn | unshuffled_original_scn | 21 | 554 | 3.3K | unshuffled_deduplicated_scn | 17 | 468 | 2.8K |
| Sindhi | sd | unshuffled_original_sd | 44280 | 43,530,158 | 347M | unshuffled_deduplicated_sd | 33925 | 33,028,015 | 263M |
| Sinhala | si | unshuffled_original_si | 203082 | 93,053,465 | 1.4G | unshuffled_deduplicated_si | 120684 | 50,864,857 | 802M |
| Slovak | sk | unshuffled_original_sk | 5492194 | 1,322,247,763 | 9.1G | unshuffled_deduplicated_sk | 2820821 | 656,346,179 | 4.5G |
| Slovenian | sl | unshuffled_original_sl | 1746604 | 387,399,700 | 2.5G | unshuffled_deduplicated_sl | 886223 | 193,926,684 | 1.3G |
| Somali | so | unshuffled_original_so | 156 | 1,202 | 61K | unshuffled_deduplicated_so | 42 | 472 | 16K |
| South Azerbaijani | azb | unshuffled_original_azb | 15446 | 2,175,054 | 27M | unshuffled_deduplicated_azb | 9985 | 1,528,709 | 19M |
| Spanish | es | unshuffled_original_es | 88199221 | 47,545,122,279 | 278G | unshuffled_deduplicated_es | 56326016 | 25,928,290,729 | 149G |
| Sundanese | su | unshuffled_original_su | 805 | 30,321 | 211K | unshuffled_deduplicated_su | 511 | 20,278 | 141K |
| Swahili | sw | unshuffled_original_sw | 41986 | 2,211,927 | 13M | unshuffled_deduplicated_sw | 24803 | 1,376,963 | 8.1M |
| Swedish | sv | unshuffled_original_sv | 17395625 | 7,155,994,312 | 44G | unshuffled_deduplicated_sv | 11014487 | 4,106,120,608 | 25G |
| Tagalog | tl | unshuffled_original_tl | 458206 | 98,949,299 | 573M | unshuffled_deduplicated_tl | 294132 | 70,121,601 | 407M |
| Tajik | tg | unshuffled_original_tg | 89002 | 31,758,142 | 379M | unshuffled_deduplicated_tg | 56259 | 21,029,893 | 249M |
| Tamil | ta | unshuffled_original_ta | 1263280 | 420,537,132 | 9.3G | unshuffled_deduplicated_ta | 833101 | 226,013,330 | 5.1G |
| Tatar | tt | unshuffled_original_tt | 135923 | 51,034,893 | 670M | unshuffled_deduplicated_tt | 82738 | 23,825,695 | 305M |
| Telugu | te | unshuffled_original_te | 475703 | 123,711,517 | 2.5G | unshuffled_deduplicated_te | 312644 | 79,094,167 | 1.6G |
| Thai | th | unshuffled_original_th | 6064129 | 951,743,087 | 36G | unshuffled_deduplicated_th | 3749826 | 368,965,202 | 16G |
| Tibetan | bo | unshuffled_original_bo | 26795 | 1,483,589 | 187M | unshuffled_deduplicated_bo | 15762 | 936,556 | 138M |
| Turkish | tr | unshuffled_original_tr | 18535253 | 7,577,388,700 | 60G | unshuffled_deduplicated_tr | 11596446 | 3,365,734,289 | 27G |
| Turkmen | tk | unshuffled_original_tk | 6456 | 1,113,869 | 11M | unshuffled_deduplicated_tk | 4694 | 752,326 | 6.8M |
| Tuvinian | tyv | unshuffled_original_tyv | 34 | 759 | 12K | unshuffled_deduplicated_tyv | 24 | 540 | 7.9K |
| Uighur | ug | unshuffled_original_ug | 22255 | 8,657,141 | 122M | unshuffled_deduplicated_ug | 15503 | 5,852,225 | 83M |
| Ukrainian | uk | unshuffled_original_uk | 12973467 | 4,204,381,276 | 53G | unshuffled_deduplicated_uk | 7782375 | 2,252,380,351 | 28G |
| Upper Sorbian | hsb | unshuffled_original_hsb | 7959 | 545,351 | 4.2M | unshuffled_deduplicated_hsb | 3084 | 236,867 | 1.8M |
| Urdu | ur | unshuffled_original_ur | 638596 | 331,817,982 | 2.7G | unshuffled_deduplicated_ur | 428674 | 218,030,228 | 1.7G |
| Uzbek | uz | unshuffled_original_uz | 27537 | 2,450,256 | 21M | unshuffled_deduplicated_uz | 15074 | 1,381,644 | 12M |
| Venetian | vec | unshuffled_original_vec | 73 | 3,492 | 18K | unshuffled_deduplicated_vec | 64 | 3,199 | 17K |
| Vietnamese | vi | unshuffled_original_vi | 14898250 | 12,036,845,359 | 68G | unshuffled_deduplicated_vi | 9897709 | 5,577,159,843 | 32G |
| Volapük | vo | unshuffled_original_vo | 3366 | 321,121 | 2.0M | unshuffled_deduplicated_vo | 3317 | 318,568 | 2.0M |
| Walloon | wa | unshuffled_original_wa | 1001 | 50,720 | 273K | unshuffled_deduplicated_wa | 677 | 37,543 | 203K |
| Waray | war | unshuffled_original_war | 9760 | 397,315 | 2.5M | unshuffled_deduplicated_war | 9161 | 336,311 | 2.2M |
| Welsh | cy | unshuffled_original_cy | 157698 | 37,422,441 | 213M | unshuffled_deduplicated_cy | 98225 | 23,574,673 | 133M |
| Western Frisian | fy | unshuffled_original_fy | 33053 | 5,691,077 | 35M | unshuffled_deduplicated_fy | 20661 | 4,223,816 | 26M |
| Western Mari | mrj | unshuffled_original_mrj | 757 | 93,338 | 1.2M | unshuffled_deduplicated_mrj | 669 | 87,780 | 1.1M |
| Western Panjabi | pnb | unshuffled_original_pnb | 4599 | 1,426,986 | 12M | unshuffled_deduplicated_pnb | 3463 | 1,111,112 | 9.0M |
| Wu Chinese | wuu | unshuffled_original_wuu | 214 | 11,189 | 109K | unshuffled_deduplicated_wuu | 64 | 4,333 | 32K |
| Yakut | sah | unshuffled_original_sah | 22301 | 2,547,623 | 42M | unshuffled_deduplicated_sah | 8555 | 1,789,174 | 26M |
| Yiddish | yi | unshuffled_original_yi | 59364 | 13,834,320 | 141M | unshuffled_deduplicated_yi | 32919 | 8,212,970 | 84M |
| Yoruba | yo | unshuffled_original_yo | 214 | 8,906 | 55K | unshuffled_deduplicated_yo | 49 | 3,518 | 27K |
| Yue Chinese | yue | unshuffled_original_yue | 11 | 186 | 3.7K | unshuffled_deduplicated_yue | 7 | 128 | 2.2K |
</details>
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
OSCAR was constructed new pipeline derived from the [fastText's one](https://github.com/facebookresearch/fastText), called [_goclassy_](https://github.com/pjox/goclassy). Goclassy reuses the [fastText linear classifier](https://fasttext.cc) and the pre-trained fastText model for language recognition, but it completely rewrites and parallelises their pipeline in an asynchronous manner.
The order of operations is more or less the same as in the fastText pre-processing pipeline but instead of clustering multiple operations into a single blocking process, a worker is launched for each operation but bounding the number of possible parallel operations at a given time by the number of available threads instead of the number of CPUs. Goclassy is implemented in the [Go programming language](https://golang.org/) so it lets the [Go runtime](https://golang.org/src/runtime/mprof.go) handle the scheduling of the processes. Thus the goclassy's pipeline one does not have to wait for a whole WET file to download, decompress and classify in order to start downloading and processing the next one, a new file will start downloading and processing as soon as the scheduler is able to allocate a new process.
Filtering and cleaning processes at line level are done before feeding each line to the classifier. Lines shorter than 100 UTF-8 characters and lines containing invalid UTF-8 characters are discarted and are not classified. After all files are proccesed the deduplicated versions are constructed and everything is then splitted in shards and compressed.
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[Common Crawl](https://commoncrawl.org/) is a non-profit foundation which produces and maintains an open repository of web crawled data that is both accessible and analysable. Common Crawl's complete web archive consists of petabytes of data collected over 8 years of web crawling. The repository contains raw web page HTML data (WARC files), metdata extracts (WAT files) and plain text extracts (WET files). The organisation's crawlers has always respected [nofollow](http://microformats.org/wiki/rel-nofollow) and [robots.txt](https://www.robotstxt.org/) policies.
Each monthly Common Crawl snapshot is in itself a massive multilingual corpus, where every single file contains data coming from multiple web pages written in a large variety of languages and covering all possible types of topics.
To construct OSCAR the WET files of Common Crawl were used. These contain the extracted plain texts from the websites mostly converted to UTF-8, as well as headers containing the metatada of each crawled document. Each WET file comes compressed in gzip format and is stored on Amazon Web Services. In the case of OSCAR, the **November 2018** snapshot was used. It surpasses 20TB of uncompressed data and contains more than 50 thousand plain text files where each file consists of the plain text from multiple websites along its metadata header.
#### Who are the source language producers?
The data comes from multiple web pages in a large variety of languages.
### Annotations
The dataset does not contain any additional annotations.
#### Annotation process
N/A
#### Who are the annotators?
N/A
### Personal and Sensitive Information
Being constructed from Common Crawl, Personal and sensitive information might be present. This **must** be considered before training deep learning models with OSCAR, specially in the case of text-generation models.
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
OSCAR is intended to bring more data to a wide variety of lanuages, the aim of the corpus is to make large amounts of data available to lower resource languages in order to facilitate the pre-training of state-of-the-art language modeling architectures.
### Discussion of Biases
OSCAR is not properly filtered yet and this can be reflected on the models trained with it. Care is advised specially concerning biases of the resulting models.
### Other Known Limitations
The [fastText linear classifier](https://fasttext.cc) is limed both in performance and the variety of languages it can recognize, so the quality of some OSCAR sub-corpora might be lower than expected, specially for the lowest-resource langiuages. Some audits have already been done by [third parties](https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.14571).
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
The corpus was put together by [Pedro J. Ortiz](https://pjortiz.eu/), [Benoît Sagot](http://pauillac.inria.fr/~sagot/), and [Laurent Romary](https://cv.archives-ouvertes.fr/laurentromary), during work done at [Inria](https://www.inria.fr/en), particularly at the [ALMAnaCH team](https://team.inria.fr/almanach/).
### Licensing Information
These data are released under this licensing scheme
We do not own any of the text from which these data has been extracted.
We license the actual packaging of these data under the Creative Commons CC0 license ("no rights reserved") http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
To the extent possible under law, Inria has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to OSCAR
This work is published from: France.
Should you consider that our data contains material that is owned by you and should therefore not be reproduced here, please:
* Clearly identify yourself, with detailed contact data such as an address, telephone number or email address at which you can be contacted.
* Clearly identify the copyrighted work claimed to be infringed.
* Clearly identify the material that is claimed to be infringing and information reasonably sufficient to allow us to locate the material.
We will comply to legitimate requests by removing the affected sources from the next release of the corpus.
### Citation Information
```
@inproceedings{ortiz-suarez-etal-2020-monolingual,
title = "A Monolingual Approach to Contextualized Word Embeddings for Mid-Resource Languages",
author = "Ortiz Su{'a}rez, Pedro Javier and
Romary, Laurent and
Sagot, Benoit",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
month = jul,
year = "2020",
address = "Online",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.acl-main.156",
pages = "1703--1714",
abstract = "We use the multilingual OSCAR corpus, extracted from Common Crawl via language classification, filtering and cleaning, to train monolingual contextualized word embeddings (ELMo) for five mid-resource languages. We then compare the performance of OSCAR-based and Wikipedia-based ELMo embeddings for these languages on the part-of-speech tagging and parsing tasks. We show that, despite the noise in the Common-Crawl-based OSCAR data, embeddings trained on OSCAR perform much better than monolingual embeddings trained on Wikipedia. They actually equal or improve the current state of the art in tagging and parsing for all five languages. In particular, they also improve over multilingual Wikipedia-based contextual embeddings (multilingual BERT), which almost always constitutes the previous state of the art, thereby showing that the benefit of a larger, more diverse corpus surpasses the cross-lingual benefit of multilingual embedding architectures.",
}
@inproceedings{OrtizSuarezSagotRomary2019,
author = {Pedro Javier {Ortiz Su{'a}rez} and Benoit Sagot and Laurent Romary},
title = {Asynchronous pipelines for processing huge corpora on medium to low resource infrastructures},
series = {Proceedings of the Workshop on Challenges in the Management of Large Corpora (CMLC-7) 2019. Cardiff, 22nd July 2019},
editor = {Piotr Bański and Adrien Barbaresi and Hanno Biber and Evelyn Breiteneder and Simon Clematide and Marc Kupietz and Harald L{"u}ngen and Caroline Iliadi},
publisher = {Leibniz-Institut f{"u}r Deutsche Sprache},
address = {Mannheim},
doi = {10.14618/ids-pub-9021},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:mh39-90215},
pages = {9 -- 16},
year = {2019},
abstract = {Common Crawl is a considerably large, heterogeneous multilingual corpus comprised of crawled documents from the internet, surpassing 20TB of data and distributed as a set of more than 50 thousand plain text files where each contains many documents written in a wide variety of languages. Even though each document has a metadata block associated to it, this data lacks any information about the language in which each document is written, making it extremely difficult to use Common Crawl for monolingual applications. We propose a general, highly parallel, multithreaded pipeline to clean and classify Common Crawl by language; we specifically design it so that it runs efficiently on medium to low resource infrastructures where I/O speeds are the main constraint. We develop the pipeline so that it can be easily reapplied to any kind of heterogeneous corpus and so that it can be parameterised to a wide range of infrastructures. We also distribute a 6.3TB version of Common Crawl, filtered, classified by language, shuffled at line level in order to avoid copyright issues, and ready to be used for NLP applications.},
language = {en}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@pjox](https://github.com/pjox) and [@lhoestq](https://github.com/lhoestq) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for WikiANN
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [Massively Multilingual Transfer for NER](https://github.com/afshinrahimi/mmner)
- **Repository:** [Massively Multilingual Transfer for NER](https://github.com/afshinrahimi/mmner)
- **Paper:** The original datasets come from the _Cross-lingual name tagging and linking for 282 languages_ [paper](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P17-1178/) by Xiaoman Pan et al. (2018). This version corresponds to the balanced train, dev, and test splits of the original data from the _Massively Multilingual Transfer for NER_ [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.00193) by Afshin Rahimi et al. (2019).
- **Leaderboard:**
- **Point of Contact:** [Afshin Rahimi](mailto:afshinrahimi@gmail.com) or [Lewis Tunstall](mailto:lewis.c.tunstall@gmail.com) or [Albert Villanova del Moral](albert@huggingface.co)
### Dataset Summary
WikiANN (sometimes called PAN-X) is a multilingual named entity recognition dataset consisting of Wikipedia articles annotated with LOC (location), PER (person), and ORG (organisation) tags in the IOB2 format. This version corresponds to the balanced train, dev, and test splits of Rahimi et al. (2019), which supports 176 of the 282 languages from the original WikiANN corpus.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
- `named-entity-recognition`: The dataset can be used to train a model for named entity recognition in many languages, or evaluate the zero-shot cross-lingual capabilities of multilingual models.
### Languages
The dataset contains 176 languages, one in each of the configuration subsets. The corresponding BCP 47 language tags
are:
| | Language tag |
|:-------------------|:---------------|
| ace | ace |
| af | af |
| als | als |
| am | am |
| an | an |
| ang | ang |
| ar | ar |
| arc | arc |
| arz | arz |
| as | as |
| ast | ast |
| ay | ay |
| az | az |
| ba | ba |
| bar | bar |
| be | be |
| bg | bg |
| bh | bh |
| bn | bn |
| bo | bo |
| br | br |
| bs | bs |
| ca | ca |
| cdo | cdo |
| ce | ce |
| ceb | ceb |
| ckb | ckb |
| co | co |
| crh | crh |
| cs | cs |
| csb | csb |
| cv | cv |
| cy | cy |
| da | da |
| de | de |
| diq | diq |
| dv | dv |
| el | el |
| en | en |
| eo | eo |
| es | es |
| et | et |
| eu | eu |
| ext | ext |
| fa | fa |
| fi | fi |
| fo | fo |
| fr | fr |
| frr | frr |
| fur | fur |
| fy | fy |
| ga | ga |
| gan | gan |
| gd | gd |
| gl | gl |
| gn | gn |
| gu | gu |
| hak | hak |
| he | he |
| hi | hi |
| hr | hr |
| hsb | hsb |
| hu | hu |
| hy | hy |
| ia | ia |
| id | id |
| ig | ig |
| ilo | ilo |
| io | io |
| is | is |
| it | it |
| ja | ja |
| jbo | jbo |
| jv | jv |
| ka | ka |
| kk | kk |
| km | km |
| kn | kn |
| ko | ko |
| ksh | ksh |
| ku | ku |
| ky | ky |
| la | la |
| lb | lb |
| li | li |
| lij | lij |
| lmo | lmo |
| ln | ln |
| lt | lt |
| lv | lv |
| mg | mg |
| mhr | mhr |
| mi | mi |
| min | min |
| mk | mk |
| ml | ml |
| mn | mn |
| mr | mr |
| ms | ms |
| mt | mt |
| mwl | mwl |
| my | my |
| mzn | mzn |
| nap | nap |
| nds | nds |
| ne | ne |
| nl | nl |
| nn | nn |
| no | no |
| nov | nov |
| oc | oc |
| or | or |
| os | os |
| other-bat-smg | sgs |
| other-be-x-old | be-tarask |
| other-cbk-zam | cbk |
| other-eml | eml |
| other-fiu-vro | vro |
| other-map-bms | jv-x-bms |
| other-simple | en-basiceng |
| other-zh-classical | lzh |
| other-zh-min-nan | nan |
| other-zh-yue | yue |
| pa | pa |
| pdc | pdc |
| pl | pl |
| pms | pms |
| pnb | pnb |
| ps | ps |
| pt | pt |
| qu | qu |
| rm | rm |
| ro | ro |
| ru | ru |
| rw | rw |
| sa | sa |
| sah | sah |
| scn | scn |
| sco | sco |
| sd | sd |
| sh | sh |
| si | si |
| sk | sk |
| sl | sl |
| so | so |
| sq | sq |
| sr | sr |
| su | su |
| sv | sv |
| sw | sw |
| szl | szl |
| ta | ta |
| te | te |
| tg | tg |
| th | th |
| tk | tk |
| tl | tl |
| tr | tr |
| tt | tt |
| ug | ug |
| uk | uk |
| ur | ur |
| uz | uz |
| vec | vec |
| vep | vep |
| vi | vi |
| vls | vls |
| vo | vo |
| wa | wa |
| war | war |
| wuu | wuu |
| xmf | xmf |
| yi | yi |
| yo | yo |
| zea | zea |
| zh | zh |
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
This is an example in the "train" split of the "af" (Afrikaans language) configuration subset:
```python
{
'tokens': ['Sy', 'ander', 'seun', ',', 'Swjatopolk', ',', 'was', 'die', 'resultaat', 'van', '’n', 'buite-egtelike', 'verhouding', '.'],
'ner_tags': [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
'langs': ['af', 'af', 'af', 'af', 'af', 'af', 'af', 'af', 'af', 'af', 'af', 'af', 'af', 'af'],
'spans': ['PER: Swjatopolk']
}
```
### Data Fields
- `tokens`: a `list` of `string` features.
- `langs`: a `list` of `string` features that correspond to the language of each token.
- `ner_tags`: a `list` of classification labels, with possible values including `O` (0), `B-PER` (1), `I-PER` (2), `B-ORG` (3), `I-ORG` (4), `B-LOC` (5), `I-LOC` (6).
- `spans`: a `list` of `string` features, that is the list of named entities in the input text formatted as ``<TAG>: <mention>``
### Data Splits
For each configuration subset, the data is split into "train", "validation" and "test" sets, each containing the
following number of examples:
| | Train | Validation | Test |
|:-------------|--------:|-------------:|-------:|
| ace | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| af | 5000 | 1000 | 1000 |
| als | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| am | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| an | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 |
| ang | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| ar | 20000 | 10000 | 10000 |
| arc | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| arz | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| as | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| ast | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 |
| ay | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| az | 10000 | 1000 | 1000 |
| ba | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| bar | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| bat-smg | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| be | 15000 | 1000 | 1000 |
| be-x-old | 5000 | 1000 | 1000 |
| bg | 20000 | 10000 | 10000 |
| bh | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| bn | 10000 | 1000 | 1000 |
| bo | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| br | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 |
| bs | 15000 | 1000 | 1000 |
| ca | 20000 | 10000 | 10000 |
| cbk-zam | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| cdo | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| ce | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| ceb | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| ckb | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 |
| co | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| crh | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| cs | 20000 | 10000 | 10000 |
| csb | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| cv | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| cy | 10000 | 1000 | 1000 |
| da | 20000 | 10000 | 10000 |
| de | 20000 | 10000 | 10000 |
| diq | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| dv | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| el | 20000 | 10000 | 10000 |
| eml | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| en | 20000 | 10000 | 10000 |
| eo | 15000 | 10000 | 10000 |
| es | 20000 | 10000 | 10000 |
| et | 15000 | 10000 | 10000 |
| eu | 10000 | 10000 | 10000 |
| ext | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| fa | 20000 | 10000 | 10000 |
| fi | 20000 | 10000 | 10000 |
| fiu-vro | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| fo | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| fr | 20000 | 10000 | 10000 |
| frr | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| fur | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| fy | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 |
| ga | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 |
| gan | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| gd | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| gl | 15000 | 10000 | 10000 |
| gn | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| gu | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| hak | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| he | 20000 | 10000 | 10000 |
| hi | 5000 | 1000 | 1000 |
| hr | 20000 | 10000 | 10000 |
| hsb | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| hu | 20000 | 10000 | 10000 |
| hy | 15000 | 1000 | 1000 |
| ia | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| id | 20000 | 10000 | 10000 |
| ig | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| ilo | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| io | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| is | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 |
| it | 20000 | 10000 | 10000 |
| ja | 20000 | 10000 | 10000 |
| jbo | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| jv | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| ka | 10000 | 10000 | 10000 |
| kk | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 |
| km | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| kn | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| ko | 20000 | 10000 | 10000 |
| ksh | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| ku | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| ky | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| la | 5000 | 1000 | 1000 |
| lb | 5000 | 1000 | 1000 |
| li | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| lij | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| lmo | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| ln | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| lt | 10000 | 10000 | 10000 |
| lv | 10000 | 10000 | 10000 |
| map-bms | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| mg | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| mhr | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| mi | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| min | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| mk | 10000 | 1000 | 1000 |
| ml | 10000 | 1000 | 1000 |
| mn | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| mr | 5000 | 1000 | 1000 |
| ms | 20000 | 1000 | 1000 |
| mt | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| mwl | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| my | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| mzn | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| nap | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| nds | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| ne | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| nl | 20000 | 10000 | 10000 |
| nn | 20000 | 1000 | 1000 |
| no | 20000 | 10000 | 10000 |
| nov | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| oc | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| or | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| os | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| pa | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| pdc | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| pl | 20000 | 10000 | 10000 |
| pms | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| pnb | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| ps | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| pt | 20000 | 10000 | 10000 |
| qu | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| rm | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| ro | 20000 | 10000 | 10000 |
| ru | 20000 | 10000 | 10000 |
| rw | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| sa | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| sah | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| scn | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| sco | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| sd | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| sh | 20000 | 10000 | 10000 |
| si | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| simple | 20000 | 1000 | 1000 |
| sk | 20000 | 10000 | 10000 |
| sl | 15000 | 10000 | 10000 |
| so | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| sq | 5000 | 1000 | 1000 |
| sr | 20000 | 10000 | 10000 |
| su | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| sv | 20000 | 10000 | 10000 |
| sw | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 |
| szl | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| ta | 15000 | 1000 | 1000 |
| te | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 |
| tg | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| th | 20000 | 10000 | 10000 |
| tk | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| tl | 10000 | 1000 | 1000 |
| tr | 20000 | 10000 | 10000 |
| tt | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 |
| ug | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| uk | 20000 | 10000 | 10000 |
| ur | 20000 | 1000 | 1000 |
| uz | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 |
| vec | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| vep | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| vi | 20000 | 10000 | 10000 |
| vls | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| vo | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| wa | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| war | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| wuu | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| xmf | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| yi | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| yo | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| zea | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| zh | 20000 | 10000 | 10000 |
| zh-classical | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| zh-min-nan | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| zh-yue | 20000 | 10000 | 10000 |
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed]
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed]
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed]
### Licensing Information
[More Information Needed]
### Citation Information
The original 282 datasets are associated with this article
```
@inproceedings{pan-etal-2017-cross,
title = "Cross-lingual Name Tagging and Linking for 282 Languages",
author = "Pan, Xiaoman and
Zhang, Boliang and
May, Jonathan and
Nothman, Joel and
Knight, Kevin and
Ji, Heng",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
month = jul,
year = "2017",
address = "Vancouver, Canada",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P17-1178",
doi = "10.18653/v1/P17-1178",
pages = "1946--1958",
abstract = "The ambitious goal of this work is to develop a cross-lingual name tagging and linking framework for 282 languages that exist in Wikipedia. Given a document in any of these languages, our framework is able to identify name mentions, assign a coarse-grained or fine-grained type to each mention, and link it to an English Knowledge Base (KB) if it is linkable. We achieve this goal by performing a series of new KB mining methods: generating {``}silver-standard{''} annotations by transferring annotations from English to other languages through cross-lingual links and KB properties, refining annotations through self-training and topic selection, deriving language-specific morphology features from anchor links, and mining word translation pairs from cross-lingual links. Both name tagging and linking results for 282 languages are promising on Wikipedia data and on-Wikipedia data.",
}
```
while the 176 languages supported in this version are associated with the following article
```
@inproceedings{rahimi-etal-2019-massively,
title = "Massively Multilingual Transfer for {NER}",
author = "Rahimi, Afshin and
Li, Yuan and
Cohn, Trevor",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
month = jul,
year = "2019",
address = "Florence, Italy",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P19-1015",
pages = "151--164",
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@lewtun](https://github.com/lewtun) and [@rabeehk](https://github.com/rabeehk) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for duorc
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [DuoRC](https://duorc.github.io/)
- **Repository:** [GitHub](https://github.com/duorc/duorc)
- **Paper:** [arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.07927)
- **Leaderboard:** [DuoRC Leaderboard](https://duorc.github.io/#leaderboard)
- **Point of Contact:** [Needs More Information]
### Dataset Summary
The DuoRC dataset is an English language dataset of questions and answers gathered from crowdsourced AMT workers on Wikipedia and IMDb movie plots. The workers were given freedom to pick answer from the plots or synthesize their own answers. It contains two sub-datasets - SelfRC and ParaphraseRC. SelfRC dataset is built on Wikipedia movie plots solely. ParaphraseRC has questions written from Wikipedia movie plots and the answers are given based on corresponding IMDb movie plots.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
- `abstractive-qa` : The dataset can be used to train a model for Abstractive Question Answering. An abstractive question answering model is presented with a passage and a question and is expected to generate a multi-word answer. The model performance is measured by exact-match and F1 score, similar to [SQuAD V1.1](https://huggingface.co/metrics/squad) or [SQuAD V2](https://huggingface.co/metrics/squad_v2). A [BART-based model](https://huggingface.co/yjernite/bart_eli5) with a [dense retriever](https://huggingface.co/yjernite/retribert-base-uncased) may be used for this task.
- `extractive-qa`: The dataset can be used to train a model for Extractive Question Answering. An extractive question answering model is presented with a passage and a question and is expected to predict the start and end of the answer span in the passage. The model performance is measured by exact-match and F1 score, similar to [SQuAD V1.1](https://huggingface.co/metrics/squad) or [SQuAD V2](https://huggingface.co/metrics/squad_v2). [BertForQuestionAnswering](https://huggingface.co/transformers/model_doc/bert.html#bertforquestionanswering) or any other similar model may be used for this task.
### Languages
The text in the dataset is in English, as spoken by Wikipedia writers for movie plots. The associated BCP-47 code is `en`.
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
```
{'answers': ['They arrived by train.'], 'no_answer': False, 'plot': "200 years in the future, Mars has been colonized by a high-tech company.\nMelanie Ballard (Natasha Henstridge) arrives by train to a Mars mining camp which has cut all communication links with the company headquarters. She's not alone, as she is with a group of fellow police officers. They find the mining camp deserted except for a person in the prison, Desolation Williams (Ice Cube), who seems to laugh about them because they are all going to die. They were supposed to take Desolation to headquarters, but decide to explore first to find out what happened.They find a man inside an encapsulated mining car, who tells them not to open it. However, they do and he tries to kill them. One of the cops witnesses strange men with deep scarred and heavily tattooed faces killing the remaining survivors. The cops realise they need to leave the place fast.Desolation explains that the miners opened a kind of Martian construction in the soil which unleashed red dust. Those who breathed that dust became violent psychopaths who started to build weapons and kill the uninfected. They changed genetically, becoming distorted but much stronger.The cops and Desolation leave the prison with difficulty, and devise a plan to kill all the genetically modified ex-miners on the way out. However, the plan goes awry, and only Melanie and Desolation reach headquarters alive. Melanie realises that her bosses won't ever believe her. However, the red dust eventually arrives to headquarters, and Melanie and Desolation need to fight once again.", 'plot_id': '/m/03vyhn', 'question': 'How did the police arrive at the Mars mining camp?', 'question_id': 'b440de7d-9c3f-841c-eaec-a14bdff950d1', 'title': 'Ghosts of Mars'}
```
### Data Fields
- `plot_id`: a `string` feature containing the movie plot ID.
- `plot`: a `string` feature containing the movie plot text.
- `title`: a `string` feature containing the movie title.
- `question_id`: a `string` feature containing the question ID.
- `question`: a `string` feature containing the question text.
- `answers`: a `list` of `string` features containing list of answers.
- `no_answer`: a `bool` feature informing whether the question has no answer or not.
### Data Splits
The data is split into a training, dev and test set in such a way that the resulting sets contain 70%, 15%, and 15% of the total QA pairs and no QA pairs for any movie seen in train are included in the test set. The final split sizes are as follows:
Name Train Dec Test
SelfRC 60721 12961 12599
ParaphraseRC 69524 15591 15857
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[Needs More Information]
### Source Data
Wikipedia and IMDb movie plots
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[Needs More Information]
#### Who are the source language producers?
[Needs More Information]
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
For SelfRC, the annotators were allowed to mark an answer span in the plot or synthesize their own answers after reading Wikipedia movie plots.
For ParaphraseRC, questions from the Wikipedia movie plots from SelfRC were used and the annotators were asked to answer based on IMDb movie plots.
#### Who are the annotators?
Amazon Mechanical Turk Workers
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[Needs More Information]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[Needs More Information]
### Discussion of Biases
[Needs More Information]
### Other Known Limitations
[Needs More Information]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
The dataset was intially created by Amrita Saha, Rahul Aralikatte, Mitesh M. Khapra, and Karthik Sankaranarayanan in a collaborated work between IIT Madras and IBM Research.
### Licensing Information
[MIT License](https://github.com/duorc/duorc/blob/master/LICENSE)
### Citation Information
```
@inproceedings{DuoRC,
author = { Amrita Saha and Rahul Aralikatte and Mitesh M. Khapra and Karthik Sankaranarayanan},
title = {{DuoRC: Towards Complex Language Understanding with Paraphrased Reading Comprehension}},
booktitle = {Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)},
year = {2018}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@gchhablani](https://github.com/gchhablani) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for MultiPL-E
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** https://nuprl.github.io/MultiPL-E/
- **Repository:** https://github.com/nuprl/MultiPL-E
- **Paper:** https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10103177
- **Point of Contact:** carolyn.anderson@wellesley.edu, mfeldman@oberlin.edu, a.guha@northeastern.edu
## Dataset Summary
MultiPL-E is a dataset for evaluating large language models for code
generation that supports 18 programming languages. It takes the OpenAI
"HumanEval" and the MBPP Python benchmarks and uses little compilers to
translate them to other languages. It is easy to add support for new languages
and benchmarks.
## Subsets
For most purposes, you should use the variations called *SRCDATA-LANG*, where
*SRCDATA* is either "humaneval" or "mbpp" and *LANG* is one of the supported
languages. We use the canonical file extension for each language to identify
the language, e.g., "py" for Python, "cpp" for C++, "lua" for Lua, and so on.
We also provide a few other variations:
- *SRCDATA-LANG-keep* is the same as *SRCDATA-LANG*, but the text of the prompt
is totally unchanged. If the original prompt had Python doctests, they remain
as Python instead of being translated to *LANG*. If the original prompt had
Python-specific terminology, e.g., "list", it remains "list", instead of
being translated, e.g., to "vector" for C++.
- *SRCDATA-LANG-transform* transforms the doctests to *LANG* but leaves
the natural language text of the prompt unchanged.
- *SRCDATA-LANG-removed* removes the doctests from the prompt.
Note that MBPP does not have any doctests, so the "removed" and "transform"
variations are not available for MBPP.
## Example
The following script uses the Salesforce/codegen model to generate Lua
and MultiPL-E to produce a script with unit tests for luaunit.
```python
import datasets
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM
LANG = "lua"
MODEL_NAME = "Salesforce/codegen-350M-multi"
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(MODEL_NAME)
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(MODEL_NAME).half().cuda()
problems = datasets.load_dataset("nuprl/MultiPL-E", f"humaneval-{LANG}")
def stop_at_stop_token(decoded_string, problem):
"""
Truncates the output at stop tokens, taking care to skip the prompt
which may have stop tokens.
"""
min_stop_index = len(decoded_string)
for stop_token in problem["stop_tokens"]:
stop_index = decoded_string.find(stop_token)
if stop_index != -1 and stop_index > len(problem["prompt"]) and stop_index < min_stop_index:
min_stop_index = stop_index
return decoded_string[:min_stop_index]
for problem in problems["test"]:
input_ids = tokenizer(
problem["prompt"],
return_tensors="pt",
).input_ids.cuda()
generated_ids = model.generate(
input_ids, max_length=512, pad_token_id=tokenizer.eos_token_id + 2
)
truncated_string = stop_at_stop_token(tokenizer.decode(generated_ids[0]), problem)
filename = problem["name"] + "." + LANG
with open(filename, "w") as f:
print(f"Created {filename}")
f.write(truncated_string)
f.write("\n")
f.write(problem["tests"])
``` |
false |
# Dataset Card for GEM/wiki_lingua
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** None (See Repository)
- **Repository:** https://github.com/esdurmus/Wikilingua
- **Paper:** https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.findings-emnlp.360/
- **Leaderboard:** N/A
- **Point of Contact:** Faisal Ladhak, Esin Durmus
### Link to Main Data Card
You can find the main data card on the [GEM Website](https://gem-benchmark.com/data_cards/wiki_lingua).
### Dataset Summary
Placeholder
You can load the dataset via:
```
import datasets
data = datasets.load_dataset('GEM/wiki_lingua')
```
The data loader can be found [here](https://huggingface.co/datasets/GEM/wiki_lingua).
#### website
None (See Repository)
#### paper
https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.findings-emnlp.360/
#### authors
Faisal Ladhak (Columbia University), Esin Durmus (Stanford University), Claire Cardie (Cornell University), Kathleen McKeown (Columbia University)
## Dataset Overview
### Where to find the Data and its Documentation
#### Webpage
<!-- info: What is the webpage for the dataset (if it exists)? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
None (See Repository)
#### Download
<!-- info: What is the link to where the original dataset is hosted? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
https://github.com/esdurmus/Wikilingua
#### Paper
<!-- info: What is the link to the paper describing the dataset (open access preferred)? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.findings-emnlp.360/
#### BibTex
<!-- info: Provide the BibTex-formatted reference for the dataset. Please use the correct published version (ACL anthology, etc.) instead of google scholar created Bibtex. -->
<!-- scope: microscope -->
@inproceedings{ladhak-etal-2020-wikilingua,
title = "{W}iki{L}ingua: A New Benchmark Dataset for Cross-Lingual Abstractive Summarization",
author = "Ladhak, Faisal and
Durmus, Esin and
Cardie, Claire and
McKeown, Kathleen",
booktitle = "Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2020",
month = nov,
year = "2020",
address = "Online",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://aclanthology.org/2020.findings-emnlp.360",
doi = "10.18653/v1/2020.findings-emnlp.360",
pages = "4034--4048",
abstract = "We introduce WikiLingua, a large-scale, multilingual dataset for the evaluation of cross-lingual abstractive summarization systems. We extract article and summary pairs in 18 languages from WikiHow, a high quality, collaborative resource of how-to guides on a diverse set of topics written by human authors. We create gold-standard article-summary alignments across languages by aligning the images that are used to describe each how-to step in an article. As a set of baselines for further studies, we evaluate the performance of existing cross-lingual abstractive summarization methods on our dataset. We further propose a method for direct cross-lingual summarization (i.e., without requiring translation at inference time) by leveraging synthetic data and Neural Machine Translation as a pre-training step. Our method significantly outperforms the baseline approaches, while being more cost efficient during inference.",
}
#### Contact Name
<!-- quick -->
<!-- info: If known, provide the name of at least one person the reader can contact for questions about the dataset. -->
<!-- scope: periscope -->
Faisal Ladhak, Esin Durmus
#### Contact Email
<!-- info: If known, provide the email of at least one person the reader can contact for questions about the dataset. -->
<!-- scope: periscope -->
faisal@cs.columbia.edu, esdurmus@stanford.edu
#### Has a Leaderboard?
<!-- info: Does the dataset have an active leaderboard? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
no
### Languages and Intended Use
#### Multilingual?
<!-- quick -->
<!-- info: Is the dataset multilingual? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
yes
#### Covered Dialects
<!-- info: What dialects are covered? Are there multiple dialects per language? -->
<!-- scope: periscope -->
Dataset does not have multiple dialects per language.
#### Covered Languages
<!-- quick -->
<!-- info: What languages/dialects are covered in the dataset? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
`English`, `Spanish, Castilian`, `Portuguese`, `French`, `German`, `Russian`, `Italian`, `Indonesian`, `Dutch, Flemish`, `Arabic`, `Chinese`, `Vietnamese`, `Thai`, `Japanese`, `Korean`, `Hindi`, `Czech`, `Turkish`
#### Whose Language?
<!-- info: Whose language is in the dataset? -->
<!-- scope: periscope -->
No information about the user demographic is available.
#### License
<!-- quick -->
<!-- info: What is the license of the dataset? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0)
#### Intended Use
<!-- info: What is the intended use of the dataset? -->
<!-- scope: microscope -->
The dataset was intended to serve as a large-scale, high-quality benchmark dataset for cross-lingual summarization.
#### Primary Task
<!-- info: What primary task does the dataset support? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
Summarization
#### Communicative Goal
<!-- quick -->
<!-- info: Provide a short description of the communicative goal of a model trained for this task on this dataset. -->
<!-- scope: periscope -->
Produce a high quality summary for the given input article.
### Credit
#### Curation Organization Type(s)
<!-- info: In what kind of organization did the dataset curation happen? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
`academic`
#### Curation Organization(s)
<!-- info: Name the organization(s). -->
<!-- scope: periscope -->
Columbia University
#### Dataset Creators
<!-- info: Who created the original dataset? List the people involved in collecting the dataset and their affiliation(s). -->
<!-- scope: microscope -->
Faisal Ladhak (Columbia University), Esin Durmus (Stanford University), Claire Cardie (Cornell University), Kathleen McKeown (Columbia University)
#### Who added the Dataset to GEM?
<!-- info: Who contributed to the data card and adding the dataset to GEM? List the people+affiliations involved in creating this data card and who helped integrate this dataset into GEM. -->
<!-- scope: microscope -->
Jenny Chim (Queen Mary University of London), Faisal Ladhak (Columbia University)
### Dataset Structure
#### Data Fields
<!-- info: List and describe the fields present in the dataset. -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
gem_id -- The id for the data instance.
source_language -- The language of the source article.
target_language -- The language of the target summary.
source -- The source document.
#### Example Instance
<!-- info: Provide a JSON formatted example of a typical instance in the dataset. -->
<!-- scope: periscope -->
{
"gem_id": "wikilingua_crosslingual-train-12345",
"gem_parent_id": "wikilingua_crosslingual-train-12345",
"source_language": "fr",
"target_language": "de",
"source": "Document in fr",
"target": "Summary in de",
}
#### Data Splits
<!-- info: Describe and name the splits in the dataset if there are more than one. -->
<!-- scope: periscope -->
The data is split into train/dev/test. In addition to the full test set, there's also a sampled version of the test set.
#### Splitting Criteria
<!-- info: Describe any criteria for splitting the data, if used. If there are differences between the splits (e.g., if the training annotations are machine-generated and the dev and test ones are created by humans, or if different numbers of annotators contributed to each example), describe them here. -->
<!-- scope: microscope -->
The data was split to ensure the same document would appear in the same split across languages so as to ensure there's no leakage into the test set.
## Dataset in GEM
### Rationale for Inclusion in GEM
#### Why is the Dataset in GEM?
<!-- info: What does this dataset contribute toward better generation evaluation and why is it part of GEM? -->
<!-- scope: microscope -->
This dataset provides a large-scale, high-quality resource for cross-lingual summarization in 18 languages, increasing the coverage of languages for the GEM summarization task.
#### Similar Datasets
<!-- info: Do other datasets for the high level task exist? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
yes
#### Unique Language Coverage
<!-- info: Does this dataset cover other languages than other datasets for the same task? -->
<!-- scope: periscope -->
yes
#### Difference from other GEM datasets
<!-- info: What else sets this dataset apart from other similar datasets in GEM? -->
<!-- scope: microscope -->
XSum covers English news articles, and MLSum covers news articles in German and Spanish.
In contrast, this dataset has how-to articles in 18 languages, substantially increasing the languages covered. Moreover, it also provides a a different domain than the other two datasets.
#### Ability that the Dataset measures
<!-- info: What aspect of model ability can be measured with this dataset? -->
<!-- scope: periscope -->
The ability to generate quality summaries across multiple languages.
### GEM-Specific Curation
#### Modificatied for GEM?
<!-- info: Has the GEM version of the dataset been modified in any way (data, processing, splits) from the original curated data? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
yes
#### GEM Modifications
<!-- info: What changes have been made to he original dataset? -->
<!-- scope: periscope -->
`other`
#### Modification Details
<!-- info: For each of these changes, described them in more details and provided the intended purpose of the modification -->
<!-- scope: microscope -->
Previous version had separate data loaders for each language. In this version, we've created a single monolingual data loader, which contains monolingual data in each of the 18 languages. In addition, we've also created a single cross-lingual data loader across all the language pairs in the dataset.
#### Additional Splits?
<!-- info: Does GEM provide additional splits to the dataset? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
no
### Getting Started with the Task
## Previous Results
### Previous Results
#### Measured Model Abilities
<!-- info: What aspect of model ability can be measured with this dataset? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
Ability to summarize content across different languages.
#### Metrics
<!-- info: What metrics are typically used for this task? -->
<!-- scope: periscope -->
`ROUGE`
#### Proposed Evaluation
<!-- info: List and describe the purpose of the metrics and evaluation methodology (including human evaluation) that the dataset creators used when introducing this task. -->
<!-- scope: microscope -->
ROUGE is used to measure content selection by comparing word overlap with reference summaries. In addition, the authors of the dataset also used human evaluation to evaluate content selection and fluency of the systems.
#### Previous results available?
<!-- info: Are previous results available? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
no
## Dataset Curation
### Original Curation
#### Original Curation Rationale
<!-- info: Original curation rationale -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
The dataset was created in order to enable new approaches for cross-lingual and multilingual summarization, which are currently understudied as well as open up inetersting new directions for research in summarization. E.g., exploration of multi-source cross-lingual architectures, i.e. models that can summarize from multiple source languages into a target language, building models that can summarize articles from any language to any other language for a given set of languages.
#### Communicative Goal
<!-- info: What was the communicative goal? -->
<!-- scope: periscope -->
Given an input article, produce a high quality summary of the article in the target language.
#### Sourced from Different Sources
<!-- info: Is the dataset aggregated from different data sources? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
no
### Language Data
#### How was Language Data Obtained?
<!-- info: How was the language data obtained? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
`Found`
#### Where was it found?
<!-- info: If found, where from? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
`Single website`
#### Language Producers
<!-- info: What further information do we have on the language producers? -->
<!-- scope: microscope -->
WikiHow, which is an online resource of how-to guides (written and reviewed by human authors) is used as the data source.
#### Topics Covered
<!-- info: Does the language in the dataset focus on specific topics? How would you describe them? -->
<!-- scope: periscope -->
The articles cover 19 broad categories including health, arts and entertainment, personal care and style, travel, education and communications, etc. The categories cover a broad set of genres and topics.
#### Data Validation
<!-- info: Was the text validated by a different worker or a data curator? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
not validated
#### Was Data Filtered?
<!-- info: Were text instances selected or filtered? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
not filtered
### Structured Annotations
#### Additional Annotations?
<!-- quick -->
<!-- info: Does the dataset have additional annotations for each instance? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
none
#### Annotation Service?
<!-- info: Was an annotation service used? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
no
### Consent
#### Any Consent Policy?
<!-- info: Was there a consent policy involved when gathering the data? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
yes
#### Consent Policy Details
<!-- info: What was the consent policy? -->
<!-- scope: microscope -->
(1) Text Content. All text posted by Users to the Service is sub-licensed by wikiHow to other Users under a Creative Commons license as provided herein. The Creative Commons license allows such text content be used freely for non-commercial purposes, so long as it is used and attributed to the original author as specified under the terms of the license. Allowing free republication of our articles helps wikiHow achieve its mission by providing instruction on solving the problems of everyday life to more people for free. In order to support this goal, wikiHow hereby grants each User of the Service a license to all text content that Users contribute to the Service under the terms and conditions of a Creative Commons CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 License. Please be sure to read the terms of the license carefully. You continue to own all right, title, and interest in and to your User Content, and you are free to distribute it as you wish, whether for commercial or non-commercial purposes.
#### Other Consented Downstream Use
<!-- info: What other downstream uses of the data did the original data creators and the data curators consent to? -->
<!-- scope: microscope -->
The data is made freely available under the Creative Commons license, therefore there are no restrictions about downstream uses as long is it's for non-commercial purposes.
### Private Identifying Information (PII)
#### Contains PII?
<!-- quick -->
<!-- info: Does the source language data likely contain Personal Identifying Information about the data creators or subjects? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
no PII
#### Justification for no PII
<!-- info: Provide a justification for selecting `no PII` above. -->
<!-- scope: periscope -->
Only the article text and summaries were collected. No user information was retained in the dataset.
### Maintenance
#### Any Maintenance Plan?
<!-- info: Does the original dataset have a maintenance plan? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
no
## Broader Social Context
### Previous Work on the Social Impact of the Dataset
#### Usage of Models based on the Data
<!-- info: Are you aware of cases where models trained on the task featured in this dataset ore related tasks have been used in automated systems? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
yes - other datasets featuring the same task
### Impact on Under-Served Communities
#### Addresses needs of underserved Communities?
<!-- info: Does this dataset address the needs of communities that are traditionally underserved in language technology, and particularly language generation technology? Communities may be underserved for exemple because their language, language variety, or social or geographical context is underepresented in NLP and NLG resources (datasets and models). -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
no
### Discussion of Biases
#### Any Documented Social Biases?
<!-- info: Are there documented social biases in the dataset? Biases in this context are variations in the ways members of different social categories are represented that can have harmful downstream consequences for members of the more disadvantaged group. -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
yes
## Considerations for Using the Data
### PII Risks and Liability
### Licenses
#### Copyright Restrictions on the Dataset
<!-- info: Based on your answers in the Intended Use part of the Data Overview Section, which of the following best describe the copyright and licensing status of the dataset? -->
<!-- scope: periscope -->
`non-commercial use only`
#### Copyright Restrictions on the Language Data
<!-- info: Based on your answers in the Language part of the Data Curation Section, which of the following best describe the copyright and licensing status of the underlying language data? -->
<!-- scope: periscope -->
`non-commercial use only`
### Known Technical Limitations
|
true | ---
# Dataset Card for YelpReviewFull
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [Yelp](https://www.yelp.com/dataset)
- **Repository:** [Crepe](https://github.com/zhangxiangxiao/Crepe)
- **Paper:** [Character-level Convolutional Networks for Text Classification](https://arxiv.org/abs/1509.01626)
- **Point of Contact:** [Xiang Zhang](mailto:xiang.zhang@nyu.edu)
### Dataset Summary
The Yelp reviews dataset consists of reviews from Yelp.
It is extracted from the Yelp Dataset Challenge 2015 data.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
- `text-classification`, `sentiment-classification`: The dataset is mainly used for text classification: given the text, predict the sentiment.
### Languages
The reviews were mainly written in english.
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
A typical data point, comprises of a text and the corresponding label.
An example from the YelpReviewFull test set looks as follows:
```
{
'label': 0,
'text': 'I got \'new\' tires from them and within two weeks got a flat. I took my car to a local mechanic to see if i could get the hole patched, but they said the reason I had a flat was because the previous patch had blown - WAIT, WHAT? I just got the tire and never needed to have it patched? This was supposed to be a new tire. \\nI took the tire over to Flynn\'s and they told me that someone punctured my tire, then tried to patch it. So there are resentful tire slashers? I find that very unlikely. After arguing with the guy and telling him that his logic was far fetched he said he\'d give me a new tire \\"this time\\". \\nI will never go back to Flynn\'s b/c of the way this guy treated me and the simple fact that they gave me a used tire!'
}
```
### Data Fields
- 'text': The review texts are escaped using double quotes ("), and any internal double quote is escaped by 2 double quotes (""). New lines are escaped by a backslash followed with an "n" character, that is "\n".
- 'label': Corresponds to the score associated with the review (between 1 and 5).
### Data Splits
The Yelp reviews full star dataset is constructed by randomly taking 130,000 training samples and 10,000 testing samples for each review star from 1 to 5.
In total there are 650,000 trainig samples and 50,000 testing samples.
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
The Yelp reviews full star dataset is constructed by Xiang Zhang (xiang.zhang@nyu.edu) from the Yelp Dataset Challenge 2015. It is first used as a text classification benchmark in the following paper: Xiang Zhang, Junbo Zhao, Yann LeCun. Character-level Convolutional Networks for Text Classification. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 28 (NIPS 2015).
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed]
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed]
### Licensing Information
You can check the official [yelp-dataset-agreement](https://s3-media3.fl.yelpcdn.com/assets/srv0/engineering_pages/bea5c1e92bf3/assets/vendor/yelp-dataset-agreement.pdf).
### Citation Information
Xiang Zhang, Junbo Zhao, Yann LeCun. Character-level Convolutional Networks for Text Classification. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 28 (NIPS 2015).
### Contributions
Thanks to [@hfawaz](https://github.com/hfawaz) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for Mathematics Aptitude Test of Heuristics (MATH) dataset
## Table of Contents
- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** https://github.com/hendrycks/math
- **Repository:** https://github.com/hendrycks/math
- **Paper:** https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.03874.pdf
- **Leaderboard:** N/A
- **Point of Contact:** Dan Hendrycks
### Dataset Summary
The Mathematics Aptitude Test of Heuristics (MATH) dataset consists of problems
from mathematics competitions, including the AMC 10, AMC 12, AIME, and more.
Each problem in MATH has a full step-by-step solution, which can be used to teach
models to generate answer derivations and explanations.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed]
### Languages
[More Information Needed]
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
A data instance consists of a competition math problem and its step-by-step solution written in LaTeX and natural language. The step-by-step solution contains the final answer enclosed in LaTeX's `\boxed` tag.
An example from the dataset is:
```
{'problem': 'A board game spinner is divided into three parts labeled $A$, $B$ and $C$. The probability of the spinner landing on $A$ is $\\frac{1}{3}$ and the probability of the spinner landing on $B$ is $\\frac{5}{12}$. What is the probability of the spinner landing on $C$? Express your answer as a common fraction.',
'level': 'Level 1',
'type': 'Counting & Probability',
'solution': 'The spinner is guaranteed to land on exactly one of the three regions, so we know that the sum of the probabilities of it landing in each region will be 1. If we let the probability of it landing in region $C$ be $x$, we then have the equation $1 = \\frac{5}{12}+\\frac{1}{3}+x$, from which we have $x=\\boxed{\\frac{1}{4}}$.'}
```
### Data Fields
* `problem`: The competition math problem.
* `solution`: The step-by-step solution.
* `level`: The problem's difficulty level from 'Level 1' to 'Level 5', where a subject's easiest problems for humans are assigned to 'Level 1' and a subject's hardest problems are assigned to 'Level 5'.
* `type`: The subject of the problem: Algebra, Counting & Probability, Geometry, Intermediate Algebra, Number Theory, Prealgebra and Precalculus.
### Data Splits
* train: 7,500 examples
* test: 5,000 examples
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed]
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed]
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed]
### Licensing Information
https://github.com/hendrycks/math/blob/main/LICENSE
### Citation Information
```bibtex
@article{hendrycksmath2021,
title={Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Dataset},
author={Dan Hendrycks
and Collin Burns
and Saurav Kadavath
and Akul Arora
and Steven Basart
and Eric Tang
and Dawn Song
and Jacob Steinhardt},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2103.03874},
year={2021}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@hacobe](https://github.com/hacobe) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for OpenBookQA
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [https://allenai.org/data/open-book-qa](https://allenai.org/data/open-book-qa)
- **Repository:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Paper:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 2.89 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 2.88 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 5.78 MB
### Dataset Summary
OpenBookQA aims to promote research in advanced question-answering, probing a deeper understanding of both the topic
(with salient facts summarized as an open book, also provided with the dataset) and the language it is expressed in. In
particular, it contains questions that require multi-step reasoning, use of additional common and commonsense knowledge,
and rich text comprehension.
OpenBookQA is a new kind of question-answering dataset modeled after open book exams for assessing human understanding of
a subject.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Languages
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
#### main
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 1.45 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.45 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 2.88 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows:
```
{'id': '7-980',
'question_stem': 'The sun is responsible for',
'choices': {'text': ['puppies learning new tricks',
'children growing up and getting old',
'flowers wilting in a vase',
'plants sprouting, blooming and wilting'],
'label': ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D']},
'answerKey': 'D'}
```
#### additional
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 1.45 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.45 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 2.88 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows:
```
{'id': '7-980',
'question_stem': 'The sun is responsible for',
'choices': {'text': ['puppies learning new tricks',
'children growing up and getting old',
'flowers wilting in a vase',
'plants sprouting, blooming and wilting'],
'label': ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D']},
'answerKey': 'D',
'fact1': 'the sun is the source of energy for physical cycles on Earth',
'humanScore': 1.0,
'clarity': 2.0,
'turkIdAnonymized': 'b356d338b7'}
```
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all splits.
#### main
- `id`: a `string` feature.
- `question_stem`: a `string` feature.
- `choices`: a dictionary feature containing:
- `text`: a `string` feature.
- `label`: a `string` feature.
- `answerKey`: a `string` feature.
#### additional
- `id`: a `string` feature.
- `question_stem`: a `string` feature.
- `choices`: a dictionary feature containing:
- `text`: a `string` feature.
- `label`: a `string` feature.
- `answerKey`: a `string` feature.
- `fact1` (`str`): oOriginating common knowledge core fact associated to the question.
- `humanScore` (`float`): Human accuracy score.
- `clarity` (`float`): Clarity score.
- `turkIdAnonymized` (`str`): Anonymized crowd-worker ID.
### Data Splits
| name | train | validation | test |
|------------|------:|-----------:|-----:|
| main | 4957 | 500 | 500 |
| additional | 4957 | 500 | 500 |
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Licensing Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Citation Information
```
@inproceedings{OpenBookQA2018,
title={Can a Suit of Armor Conduct Electricity? A New Dataset for Open Book Question Answering},
author={Todor Mihaylov and Peter Clark and Tushar Khot and Ashish Sabharwal},
booktitle={EMNLP},
year={2018}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@thomwolf](https://github.com/thomwolf), [@patrickvonplaten](https://github.com/patrickvonplaten), [@lewtun](https://github.com/lewtun) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# openwebtext_20p
## Dataset Description
- **Origin:** [openwebtext](https://huggingface.co/datasets/openwebtext)
- **Download Size** 4.60 GiB
- **Generated Size** 7.48 GiB
- **Total Size** 12.08 GiB
first 20% of [openwebtext](https://huggingface.co/datasets/openwebtext) |
false |
# Dataset Card for adversarialQA
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [adversarialQA homepage](https://adversarialqa.github.io/)
- **Repository:** [adversarialQA repository](https://github.com/maxbartolo/adversarialQA)
- **Paper:** [Beat the AI: Investigating Adversarial Human Annotation for Reading Comprehension](https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.00293)
- **Leaderboard:** [Dynabench QA Round 1 Leaderboard](https://dynabench.org/tasks/2#overall)
- **Point of Contact:** [Max Bartolo](max.bartolo@ucl.ac.uk)
### Dataset Summary
We have created three new Reading Comprehension datasets constructed using an adversarial model-in-the-loop.
We use three different models; BiDAF (Seo et al., 2016), BERTLarge (Devlin et al., 2018), and RoBERTaLarge (Liu et al., 2019) in the annotation loop and construct three datasets; D(BiDAF), D(BERT), and D(RoBERTa), each with 10,000 training examples, 1,000 validation, and 1,000 test examples.
The adversarial human annotation paradigm ensures that these datasets consist of questions that current state-of-the-art models (at least the ones used as adversaries in the annotation loop) find challenging. The three AdversarialQA round 1 datasets provide a training and evaluation resource for such methods.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
`extractive-qa`: The dataset can be used to train a model for Extractive Question Answering, which consists in selecting the answer to a question from a passage. Success on this task is typically measured by achieving a high word-overlap [F1 score](https://huggingface.co/metrics/f1). The [RoBERTa-Large](https://huggingface.co/roberta-large) model trained on all the data combined with [SQuAD](https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.05250) currently achieves 64.35% F1. This task has an active leaderboard and is available as round 1 of the QA task on [Dynabench](https://dynabench.org/tasks/2#overall) and ranks models based on F1 score.
### Languages
The text in the dataset is in English. The associated BCP-47 code is `en`.
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
Data is provided in the same format as SQuAD 1.1. An example is shown below:
```
{
"data": [
{
"title": "Oxygen",
"paragraphs": [
{
"context": "Among the most important classes of organic compounds that contain oxygen are (where \"R\" is an organic group): alcohols (R-OH); ethers (R-O-R); ketones (R-CO-R); aldehydes (R-CO-H); carboxylic acids (R-COOH); esters (R-COO-R); acid anhydrides (R-CO-O-CO-R); and amides (R-C(O)-NR2). There are many important organic solvents that contain oxygen, including: acetone, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, furan, THF, diethyl ether, dioxane, ethyl acetate, DMF, DMSO, acetic acid, and formic acid. Acetone ((CH3)2CO) and phenol (C6H5OH) are used as feeder materials in the synthesis of many different substances. Other important organic compounds that contain oxygen are: glycerol, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, citric acid, acetic anhydride, and acetamide. Epoxides are ethers in which the oxygen atom is part of a ring of three atoms.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "22bbe104aa72aa9b511dd53237deb11afa14d6e3",
"question": "In addition to having oxygen, what do alcohols, ethers and esters have in common, according to the article?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 36,
"text": "organic compounds"
}
]
},
{
"id": "4240a8e708c703796347a3702cf1463eed05584a",
"question": "What letter does the abbreviation for acid anhydrides both begin and end in?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 244,
"text": "R"
}
]
},
{
"id": "0681a0a5ec852ec6920d6a30f7ef65dced493366",
"question": "Which of the organic compounds, in the article, contains nitrogen?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 262,
"text": "amides"
}
]
},
{
"id": "2990efe1a56ccf81938fa5e18104f7d3803069fb",
"question": "Which of the important classes of organic compounds, in the article, has a number in its abbreviation?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 262,
"text": "amides"
}
]
}
]
}
]
}
]
}
```
### Data Fields
- title: the title of the Wikipedia page from which the context is sourced
- context: the context/passage
- id: a string identifier for each question
- answers: a list of all provided answers (one per question in our case, but multiple may exist in SQuAD) with an `answer_start` field which is the character index of the start of the answer span, and a `text` field which is the answer text.
Note that no answers are provided in the test set. Indeed, this dataset is part of the DynaBench benchmark, for which you can submit your predictions on the [website](https://dynabench.org/tasks/2#1).
### Data Splits
The dataset is composed of three different datasets constructed using different models in the loop: BiDAF, BERT-Large, and RoBERTa-Large. Each of these has 10,000 training examples, 1,000 validation examples, and 1,000 test examples for a total of 30,000/3,000/3,000 train/validation/test examples.
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
This dataset was collected to provide a more challenging and diverse Reading Comprehension dataset to state-of-the-art models.
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
The source passages are from Wikipedia and are the same as those used in [SQuAD v1.1](https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.05250).
#### Who are the source language producers?
The source language produces are Wikipedia editors for the passages, and human annotators on Mechanical Turk for the questions.
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
The dataset is collected through an adversarial human annotation process which pairs a human annotator and a reading comprehension model in an interactive setting. The human is presented with a passage for which they write a question and highlight the correct answer. The model then tries to answer the question, and, if it fails to answer correctly, the human wins. Otherwise, the human modifies or re-writes their question until the successfully fool the model.
#### Who are the annotators?
The annotators are from Amazon Mechanical Turk, geographically restricted the the USA, UK and Canada, having previously successfully completed at least 1,000 HITs, and having a HIT approval rate greater than 98%. Crowdworkers undergo intensive training and qualification prior to annotation.
### Personal and Sensitive Information
No annotator identifying details are provided.
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
The purpose of this dataset is to help develop better question answering systems.
A system that succeeds at the supported task would be able to provide an accurate extractive answer from a short passage. This dataset is to be seen as a test bed for questions which contemporary state-of-the-art models struggle to answer correctly, thus often requiring more complex comprehension abilities than say detecting phrases explicitly mentioned in the passage with high overlap to the question.
It should be noted, however, that the the source passages are both domain-restricted and linguistically specific, and that provided questions and answers do not constitute any particular social application.
### Discussion of Biases
The dataset may exhibit various biases in terms of the source passage selection, annotated questions and answers, as well as algorithmic biases resulting from the adversarial annotation protocol.
### Other Known Limitations
N/a
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
This dataset was initially created by Max Bartolo, Alastair Roberts, Johannes Welbl, Sebastian Riedel, and Pontus Stenetorp, during work carried out at University College London (UCL).
### Licensing Information
This dataset is distributed under [CC BY-SA 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/).
### Citation Information
```
@article{bartolo2020beat,
author = {Bartolo, Max and Roberts, Alastair and Welbl, Johannes and Riedel, Sebastian and Stenetorp, Pontus},
title = {Beat the AI: Investigating Adversarial Human Annotation for Reading Comprehension},
journal = {Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
volume = {8},
number = {},
pages = {662-678},
year = {2020},
doi = {10.1162/tacl\_a\_00338},
URL = { https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00338 },
eprint = { https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00338 },
abstract = { Innovations in annotation methodology have been a catalyst for Reading Comprehension (RC) datasets and models. One recent trend to challenge current RC models is to involve a model in the annotation process: Humans create questions adversarially, such that the model fails to answer them correctly. In this work we investigate this annotation methodology and apply it in three different settings, collecting a total of 36,000 samples with progressively stronger models in the annotation loop. This allows us to explore questions such as the reproducibility of the adversarial effect, transfer from data collected with varying model-in-the-loop strengths, and generalization to data collected without a model. We find that training on adversarially collected samples leads to strong generalization to non-adversarially collected datasets, yet with progressive performance deterioration with increasingly stronger models-in-the-loop. Furthermore, we find that stronger models can still learn from datasets collected with substantially weaker models-in-the-loop. When trained on data collected with a BiDAF model in the loop, RoBERTa achieves 39.9F1 on questions that it cannot answer when trained on SQuAD—only marginally lower than when trained on data collected using RoBERTa itself (41.0F1). }
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@maxbartolo](https://github.com/maxbartolo) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for "wiki_qa"
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=52419](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=52419)
- **Repository:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Paper:** [WikiQA: A Challenge Dataset for Open-Domain Question Answering](https://aclanthology.org/D15-1237/)
- **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 7.10 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 6.40 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 13.50 MB
### Dataset Summary
Wiki Question Answering corpus from Microsoft.
The WikiQA corpus is a publicly available set of question and sentence pairs, collected and annotated for research on open-domain question answering.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Languages
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
#### default
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 7.10 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 6.40 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 13.50 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"answer": "Glacier caves are often called ice caves , but this term is properly used to describe bedrock caves that contain year-round ice.",
"document_title": "Glacier cave",
"label": 0,
"question": "how are glacier caves formed?",
"question_id": "Q1"
}
```
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all splits.
#### default
- `question_id`: a `string` feature.
- `question`: a `string` feature.
- `document_title`: a `string` feature.
- `answer`: a `string` feature.
- `label`: a classification label, with possible values including `0` (0), `1` (1).
### Data Splits
| name |train|validation|test|
|-------|----:|---------:|---:|
|default|20360| 2733|6165|
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Licensing Information
MICROSOFT RESEARCH DATA LICENSE AGREEMENT
FOR
MICROSOFT RESEARCH WIKIQA CORPUS
These license terms are an agreement between Microsoft Corporation (or based on where you live, one of its
affiliates) and you. Please read them. They apply to the data associated with this license above, which includes
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- updates,
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for this data, unless other terms accompany those items. If so, those terms apply.
BY USING THE DATA, YOU ACCEPT THESE TERMS. IF YOU DO NOT ACCEPT THEM, DO NOT USE THE DATA.
If you comply with these license terms, you have the rights below.
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subject to a license that requires Microsoft to license its Dataset or documentation to third parties because we
include your feedback in them. These rights survive this Agreement.
7. EXPORT RESTRICTIONS. The Dataset is subject to United States export laws and regulations. You must
comply with all domestic and international export laws and regulations that apply to the Dataset. These laws
include restrictions on destinations, end users and end use. For additional information, see
www.microsoft.com/exporting.
8. ENTIRE AGREEMENT. This Agreement, and the terms for supplements, updates, Internet-based services and
support services that you use, are the entire agreement for the Dataset.
9. SUPPORT SERVICES. Because this data is “as is,” we may not provide support services for it.
10. APPLICABLE LAW.
a. United States. If you acquired the software in the United States, Washington state law governs the
interpretation of this agreement and applies to claims for breach of it, regardless of conflict of laws principles.
The laws of the state where you live govern all other claims, including claims under state consumer protection
laws, unfair competition laws, and in tort.
b. Outside the United States. If you acquired the software in any other country, the laws of that country
apply.
11. LEGAL EFFECT. This Agreement describes certain legal rights. You may have other rights under the laws of your
country. You may also have rights with respect to the party from whom you acquired the Dataset. This
Agreement does not change your rights under the laws of your country if the laws of your country do not permit
it to do so.
12. DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY. The Dataset is licensed “as-is.” You bear the risk of using it. Microsoft gives no
express warranties, guarantees or conditions. You may have additional consumer rights or statutory guarantees
under your local laws which this agreement cannot change. To the extent permitted under your local laws,
Microsoft excludes the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose and non-
infringement.
13. LIMITATION ON AND EXCLUSION OF REMEDIES AND DAMAGES. YOU CAN RECOVER FROM
MICROSOFT AND ITS SUPPLIERS ONLY DIRECT DAMAGES UP TO U.S. $5.00. YOU CANNOT RECOVER ANY
OTHER DAMAGES, INCLUDING CONSEQUENTIAL, LOST PROFITS, SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR INCIDENTAL
DAMAGES.
This limitation applies to
- anything related to the software, services, content (including code) on third party Internet sites, or third party
programs; and Page 2 of 3
- claims for breach of contract, breach of warranty, guarantee or condition, strict liability, negligence, or other
tort to the extent permitted by applicable law.
It also applies even if Microsoft knew or should have known about the possibility of the damages. The above
limitation or exclusion may not apply to you because your country may not allow the exclusion or limitation of
incidental, consequential or other damages.
### Citation Information
```
@inproceedings{yang-etal-2015-wikiqa,
title = "{W}iki{QA}: A Challenge Dataset for Open-Domain Question Answering",
author = "Yang, Yi and
Yih, Wen-tau and
Meek, Christopher",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2015 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
month = sep,
year = "2015",
address = "Lisbon, Portugal",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://aclanthology.org/D15-1237",
doi = "10.18653/v1/D15-1237",
pages = "2013--2018",
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@patrickvonplaten](https://github.com/patrickvonplaten), [@mariamabarham](https://github.com/mariamabarham), [@lewtun](https://github.com/lewtun), [@thomwolf](https://github.com/thomwolf) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for SAMSum Corpus
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.12237v2
- **Repository:** [Needs More Information]
- **Paper:** https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.12237v2
- **Leaderboard:** [Needs More Information]
- **Point of Contact:** [Needs More Information]
### Dataset Summary
The SAMSum dataset contains about 16k messenger-like conversations with summaries. Conversations were created and written down by linguists fluent in English. Linguists were asked to create conversations similar to those they write on a daily basis, reflecting the proportion of topics of their real-life messenger convesations. The style and register are diversified - conversations could be informal, semi-formal or formal, they may contain slang words, emoticons and typos. Then, the conversations were annotated with summaries. It was assumed that summaries should be a concise brief of what people talked about in the conversation in third person.
The SAMSum dataset was prepared by Samsung R&D Institute Poland and is distributed for research purposes (non-commercial licence: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[Needs More Information]
### Languages
English
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
The created dataset is made of 16369 conversations distributed uniformly into 4 groups based on the number of utterances in con- versations: 3-6, 7-12, 13-18 and 19-30. Each utterance contains the name of the speaker. Most conversations consist of dialogues between two interlocutors (about 75% of all conversations), the rest is between three or more people
The first instance in the training set:
{'id': '13818513', 'summary': 'Amanda baked cookies and will bring Jerry some tomorrow.', 'dialogue': "Amanda: I baked cookies. Do you want some?\r\nJerry: Sure!\r\nAmanda: I'll bring you tomorrow :-)"}
### Data Fields
- dialogue: text of dialogue.
- summary: human written summary of the dialogue.
- id: unique id of an example.
### Data Splits
- train: 14732
- val: 818
- test: 819
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
In paper:
> In the first approach, we reviewed datasets from the following categories: chatbot dialogues, SMS corpora, IRC/chat data, movie dialogues, tweets, comments data (conversations formed by replies to comments), transcription of meetings, written discussions, phone dialogues and daily communication data. Unfortunately, they all differed in some respect from the conversations that are typ- ically written in messenger apps, e.g. they were too technical (IRC data), too long (comments data, transcription of meetings), lacked context (movie dialogues) or they were more of a spoken type, such as a dialogue between a petrol station assis- tant and a client buying petrol.
As a consequence, we decided to create a chat dialogue dataset by constructing such conversa- tions that would epitomize the style of a messenger app.
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
In paper:
> We asked linguists to create conversations similar to those they write on a daily basis, reflecting the proportion of topics of their real-life messenger conversations. It includes chit-chats, gossiping about friends, arranging meetings, discussing politics, consulting university assignments with colleagues, etc. Therefore, this dataset does not contain any sensitive data or fragments of other corpora.
#### Who are the source language producers?
linguists
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
In paper:
> Each dialogue was created by one person. After collecting all of the conversations, we asked language experts to annotate them with summaries, assuming that they should (1) be rather short, (2) extract important pieces of information, (3) include names of interlocutors, (4) be written in the third person. Each dialogue contains only one ref- erence summary.
#### Who are the annotators?
language experts
### Personal and Sensitive Information
None, see above: Initial Data Collection and Normalization
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[Needs More Information]
### Discussion of Biases
[Needs More Information]
### Other Known Limitations
[Needs More Information]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[Needs More Information]
### Licensing Information
non-commercial licence: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
### Citation Information
```
@inproceedings{gliwa-etal-2019-samsum,
title = "{SAMS}um Corpus: A Human-annotated Dialogue Dataset for Abstractive Summarization",
author = "Gliwa, Bogdan and
Mochol, Iwona and
Biesek, Maciej and
Wawer, Aleksander",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on New Frontiers in Summarization",
month = nov,
year = "2019",
address = "Hong Kong, China",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D19-5409",
doi = "10.18653/v1/D19-5409",
pages = "70--79"
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@cccntu](https://github.com/cccntu) for adding this dataset. |
true |
# Dataset Card for "blimp"
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [https://github.com/alexwarstadt/blimp/tree/master/](https://github.com/alexwarstadt/blimp/tree/master/)
- **Repository:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Paper:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 29.58 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 11.45 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 41.03 MB
### Dataset Summary
BLiMP is a challenge set for evaluating what language models (LMs) know about
major grammatical phenomena in English. BLiMP consists of 67 sub-datasets, each
containing 1000 minimal pairs isolating specific contrasts in syntax,
morphology, or semantics. The data is automatically generated according to
expert-crafted grammars.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Languages
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
#### adjunct_island
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.36 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.17 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.52 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"UID": "tough_vs_raising_1",
"field": "syntax_semantics",
"lexically_identical": false,
"linguistics_term": "control_raising",
"one_prefix_method": false,
"pair_id": 2,
"sentence_bad": "Benjamin's tutor was certain to boast about.",
"sentence_good": "Benjamin's tutor was easy to boast about.",
"simple_LM_method": true,
"two_prefix_method": false
}
```
#### anaphor_gender_agreement
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.44 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.14 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.57 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"UID": "tough_vs_raising_1",
"field": "syntax_semantics",
"lexically_identical": false,
"linguistics_term": "control_raising",
"one_prefix_method": false,
"pair_id": 2,
"sentence_bad": "Benjamin's tutor was certain to boast about.",
"sentence_good": "Benjamin's tutor was easy to boast about.",
"simple_LM_method": true,
"two_prefix_method": false
}
```
#### anaphor_number_agreement
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.45 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.14 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.59 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"UID": "tough_vs_raising_1",
"field": "syntax_semantics",
"lexically_identical": false,
"linguistics_term": "control_raising",
"one_prefix_method": false,
"pair_id": 2,
"sentence_bad": "Benjamin's tutor was certain to boast about.",
"sentence_good": "Benjamin's tutor was easy to boast about.",
"simple_LM_method": true,
"two_prefix_method": false
}
```
#### animate_subject_passive
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.46 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.15 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.61 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"UID": "tough_vs_raising_1",
"field": "syntax_semantics",
"lexically_identical": false,
"linguistics_term": "control_raising",
"one_prefix_method": false,
"pair_id": 2,
"sentence_bad": "Benjamin's tutor was certain to boast about.",
"sentence_good": "Benjamin's tutor was easy to boast about.",
"simple_LM_method": true,
"two_prefix_method": false
}
```
#### animate_subject_trans
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.43 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 0.13 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 0.57 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"UID": "tough_vs_raising_1",
"field": "syntax_semantics",
"lexically_identical": false,
"linguistics_term": "control_raising",
"one_prefix_method": false,
"pair_id": 2,
"sentence_bad": "Benjamin's tutor was certain to boast about.",
"sentence_good": "Benjamin's tutor was easy to boast about.",
"simple_LM_method": true,
"two_prefix_method": false
}
```
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all splits.
#### adjunct_island
- `sentence_good`: a `string` feature.
- `sentence_bad`: a `string` feature.
- `field`: a `string` feature.
- `linguistics_term`: a `string` feature.
- `UID`: a `string` feature.
- `simple_LM_method`: a `bool` feature.
- `one_prefix_method`: a `bool` feature.
- `two_prefix_method`: a `bool` feature.
- `lexically_identical`: a `bool` feature.
- `pair_id`: a `int32` feature.
#### anaphor_gender_agreement
- `sentence_good`: a `string` feature.
- `sentence_bad`: a `string` feature.
- `field`: a `string` feature.
- `linguistics_term`: a `string` feature.
- `UID`: a `string` feature.
- `simple_LM_method`: a `bool` feature.
- `one_prefix_method`: a `bool` feature.
- `two_prefix_method`: a `bool` feature.
- `lexically_identical`: a `bool` feature.
- `pair_id`: a `int32` feature.
#### anaphor_number_agreement
- `sentence_good`: a `string` feature.
- `sentence_bad`: a `string` feature.
- `field`: a `string` feature.
- `linguistics_term`: a `string` feature.
- `UID`: a `string` feature.
- `simple_LM_method`: a `bool` feature.
- `one_prefix_method`: a `bool` feature.
- `two_prefix_method`: a `bool` feature.
- `lexically_identical`: a `bool` feature.
- `pair_id`: a `int32` feature.
#### animate_subject_passive
- `sentence_good`: a `string` feature.
- `sentence_bad`: a `string` feature.
- `field`: a `string` feature.
- `linguistics_term`: a `string` feature.
- `UID`: a `string` feature.
- `simple_LM_method`: a `bool` feature.
- `one_prefix_method`: a `bool` feature.
- `two_prefix_method`: a `bool` feature.
- `lexically_identical`: a `bool` feature.
- `pair_id`: a `int32` feature.
#### animate_subject_trans
- `sentence_good`: a `string` feature.
- `sentence_bad`: a `string` feature.
- `field`: a `string` feature.
- `linguistics_term`: a `string` feature.
- `UID`: a `string` feature.
- `simple_LM_method`: a `bool` feature.
- `one_prefix_method`: a `bool` feature.
- `two_prefix_method`: a `bool` feature.
- `lexically_identical`: a `bool` feature.
- `pair_id`: a `int32` feature.
### Data Splits
| name |train|
|------------------------|----:|
|adjunct_island | 1000|
|anaphor_gender_agreement| 1000|
|anaphor_number_agreement| 1000|
|animate_subject_passive | 1000|
|animate_subject_trans | 1000|
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Licensing Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Citation Information
```
@article{warstadt2019blimp,
title={BLiMP: A Benchmark of Linguistic Minimal Pairs for English},
author={Warstadt, Alex and Parrish, Alicia and Liu, Haokun and Mohananey, Anhad and Peng, Wei, and Wang, Sheng-Fu and Bowman, Samuel R},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1912.00582},
year={2019}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@lhoestq](https://github.com/lhoestq), [@patrickvonplaten](https://github.com/patrickvonplaten), [@thomwolf](https://github.com/thomwolf) for adding this dataset. |
true |
C-Eval is a comprehensive Chinese evaluation suite for foundation models. It consists of 13948 multi-choice questions spanning 52 diverse disciplines and four difficulty levels. Please visit our [website](https://cevalbenchmark.com/) and [GitHub](https://github.com/SJTU-LIT/ceval/tree/main) or check our [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.08322) for more details.
Each subject consists of three splits: dev, val, and test. The dev set per subject consists of five exemplars with explanations for few-shot evaluation. The val set is intended to be used for hyperparameter tuning. And the test set is for model evaluation. Labels on the test split are not released, users are required to submit their results to automatically obtain test accuracy. [How to submit?](https://github.com/SJTU-LIT/ceval/tree/main#how-to-submit)
### Load the data
```python
from datasets import load_dataset
dataset=load_dataset(r"ceval/ceval-exam",name="computer_network")
print(dataset['val'][0])
# {'id': 0, 'question': '使用位填充方法，以01111110为位首flag，数据为011011111111111111110010，求问传送时要添加几个0____', 'A': '1', 'B': '2', 'C': '3', 'D': '4', 'answer': 'C', 'explanation': ''}
```
More details on loading and using the data are at our [github page](https://github.com/SJTU-LIT/ceval#data).
Please cite our paper if you use our dataset.
```
@article{huang2023ceval,
title={C-Eval: A Multi-Level Multi-Discipline Chinese Evaluation Suite for Foundation Models},
author={Huang, Yuzhen and Bai, Yuzhuo and Zhu, Zhihao and Zhang, Junlei and Zhang, Jinghan and Su, Tangjun and Liu, Junteng and Lv, Chuancheng and Zhang, Yikai and Lei, Jiayi and Fu, Yao and Sun, Maosong and He, Junxian},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.08322},
year={2023}
}
```
|
false |
# Dataset Card for Penn Treebank
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** https://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu/LDC99T42
- **Repository:** 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wojzaremba/lstm/master/data/ptb.train.txt',
'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wojzaremba/lstm/master/data/ptb.valid.txt',
'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wojzaremba/lstm/master/data/ptb.test.txt'
- **Paper:** https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J93-2004.pdf
- **Leaderboard:** [Needs More Information]
- **Point of Contact:** [Needs More Information]
### Dataset Summary
This is the Penn Treebank Project: Release 2 CDROM, featuring a million words of 1989 Wall Street Journal material.
The rare words in this version are already replaced with <unk> token. The numbers are replaced with <N> token.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
Language Modelling
### Languages
The text in the dataset is in American English
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
[Needs More Information]
### Data Fields
[Needs More Information]
### Data Splits
[Needs More Information]
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[Needs More Information]
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[Needs More Information]
#### Who are the source language producers?
[Needs More Information]
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[Needs More Information]
#### Who are the annotators?
[Needs More Information]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[Needs More Information]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[Needs More Information]
### Discussion of Biases
[Needs More Information]
### Other Known Limitations
[Needs More Information]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[Needs More Information]
### Licensing Information
Dataset provided for research purposes only. Please check dataset license for additional information.
### Citation Information
@article{marcus-etal-1993-building,
title = "Building a Large Annotated Corpus of {E}nglish: The {P}enn {T}reebank",
author = "Marcus, Mitchell P. and
Santorini, Beatrice and
Marcinkiewicz, Mary Ann",
journal = "Computational Linguistics",
volume = "19",
number = "2",
year = "1993",
url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J93-2004",
pages = "313--330",
}
### Contributions
Thanks to [@harshalmittal4](https://github.com/harshalmittal4) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for "cosmos_qa"
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [https://wilburone.github.io/cosmos/](https://wilburone.github.io/cosmos/)
- **Repository:** https://github.com/wilburOne/cosmosqa/
- **Paper:** [Cosmos QA: Machine Reading Comprehension with Contextual Commonsense Reasoning](https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.00277)
- **Point of Contact:** [Lifu Huang](mailto:warrior.fu@gmail.com)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 24.40 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 24.51 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 48.91 MB
### Dataset Summary
Cosmos QA is a large-scale dataset of 35.6K problems that require commonsense-based reading comprehension, formulated as multiple-choice questions. It focuses on reading between the lines over a diverse collection of people's everyday narratives, asking questions concerning on the likely causes or effects of events that require reasoning beyond the exact text spans in the context
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Languages
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
#### default
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 24.40 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 24.51 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 48.91 MB
An example of 'validation' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"answer0": "If he gets married in the church he wo nt have to get a divorce .",
"answer1": "He wants to get married to a different person .",
"answer2": "He wants to know if he does nt like this girl can he divorce her ?",
"answer3": "None of the above choices .",
"context": "\"Do i need to go for a legal divorce ? I wanted to marry a woman but she is not in the same religion , so i am not concern of th...",
"id": "3BFF0DJK8XA7YNK4QYIGCOG1A95STE##3180JW2OT5AF02OISBX66RFOCTG5J7##A2LTOS0AZ3B28A##Blog_56156##q1_a1##378G7J1SJNCDAAIN46FM2P7T6KZEW2",
"label": 1,
"question": "Why is this person asking about divorce ?"
}
```
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all splits.
#### default
- `id`: a `string` feature.
- `context`: a `string` feature.
- `question`: a `string` feature.
- `answer0`: a `string` feature.
- `answer1`: a `string` feature.
- `answer2`: a `string` feature.
- `answer3`: a `string` feature.
- `label`: a `int32` feature.
### Data Splits
| name |train|validation|test|
|-------|----:|---------:|---:|
|default|25262| 2985|6963|
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Licensing Information
As reported via email by Yejin Choi, the dataset is licensed under [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) license.
### Citation Information
```
@inproceedings{huang-etal-2019-cosmos,
title = "Cosmos {QA}: Machine Reading Comprehension with Contextual Commonsense Reasoning",
author = "Huang, Lifu and
Le Bras, Ronan and
Bhagavatula, Chandra and
Choi, Yejin",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP)",
month = nov,
year = "2019",
address = "Hong Kong, China",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D19-1243",
doi = "10.18653/v1/D19-1243",
pages = "2391--2401",
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@patrickvonplaten](https://github.com/patrickvonplaten), [@lewtun](https://github.com/lewtun), [@albertvillanova](https://github.com/albertvillanova), [@thomwolf](https://github.com/thomwolf) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for LAMBADA
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [LAMBADA homepage](https://zenodo.org/record/2630551#.X8UP76pKiIa)
- **Paper:** [The LAMBADA dataset: Word prediction requiring a broad discourse context∗](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P16-1144.pdf)
- **Data:** https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2630551
### Dataset Summary
The LAMBADA evaluates the capabilities of computational models
for text understanding by means of a word prediction task.
LAMBADA is a collection of narrative passages sharing the characteristic
that human subjects are able to guess their last word if
they are exposed to the whole passage, but not if they
only see the last sentence preceding the target word.
To succeed on LAMBADA, computational models cannot
simply rely on local context, but must be able to
keep track of information in the broader discourse.
The LAMBADA dataset is extracted from BookCorpus and
consists of 10'022 passages, divided into 4'869 development
and 5'153 test passages. The training data for language
models to be tested on LAMBADA include the full text
of 2'662 novels (disjoint from those in dev+test),
comprising 203 million words.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
Long range dependency evaluated as (last) word prediction
### Languages
The text in the dataset is in English. The associated BCP-47 code is `en`.
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
A data point is a text sequence (passage) including the context, the target sentence (the last one) and the target word. For each passage in the dev and the test splits, the word to be guessed is the last one.
The training data include the full text of 2'662 novels (disjoint from
those in dev+test), comprising more than 200M words. It consists of text from the same domain as the dev+test passages, but not filtered in any way.
Each training instance has a `category` field indicating which sub-category the book was extracted from. This field is not given for the dev and test splits.
An example looks like this:
```
{"category": "Mystery",
"text": "bob could have been called in at this point , but he was n't miffed at his exclusion at all . he was relieved at not being brought into this initial discussion with central command . `` let 's go make some grub , '' said bob as he turned to danny . danny did n't keep his stoic expression , but with a look of irritation got up and left the room with bob",
}
```
### Data Fields
- `category`: the sub-category of books from which the book was extracted from. Only available for the training split.
- `text`: the text (concatenation of context, target sentence and target word). The word to be guessed is the last one.
### Data Splits
- train: 2'662 novels
- dev: 4'869 passages
- test: 5'153 passages
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
The dataset aims at evaluating the ability of language models to hold long-term contextual memories. Instances are extracted from books because they display long-term dependencies. In particular, the data are curated such that the target words are easy to guess by human subjects when they can look at the whole passage they come from, but nearly impossible if only the last sentence is considered.
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
The corpus was duplicated and potentially offensive material were filtered out with a stop word list.
#### Who are the source language producers?
The passages are extracted from novels from [Book Corpus](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/tree/master/datasets/bookcorpus).
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
The authors required two consecutive subjects (paid crowdsourcers) to exactly match the missing word based on the whole passage (comprising the context and the target sentence), and made sure that no subject (out of ten) was able to provide it based on local context only, even when given 3 guesses.
#### Who are the annotators?
The text is self-annotated but was curated by asking (paid) crowdsourcers to guess the last word.
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed]
### Licensing Information
The dataset is released under the [CC BY 4.0](Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International) license.
### Citation Information
```
@InProceedings{paperno-EtAl:2016:P16-1,
author = {Paperno, Denis and Kruszewski, Germ\'{a}n and Lazaridou,
Angeliki and Pham, Ngoc Quan and Bernardi, Raffaella and Pezzelle,
Sandro and Baroni, Marco and Boleda, Gemma and Fernandez, Raquel},
title = {The {LAMBADA} dataset: Word prediction requiring a broad
discourse context},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for
Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)},
month = {August},
year = {2016},
address = {Berlin, Germany},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
pages = {1525--1534},
url = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P16-1144}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@VictorSanh](https://github.com/VictorSanh) for adding this dataset. |
true |
# Dataset Card for PAWS: Paraphrase Adversaries from Word Scrambling
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [PAWS](https://github.com/google-research-datasets/paws)
- **Repository:** [PAWS](https://github.com/google-research-datasets/paws)
- **Paper:** [PAWS: Paraphrase Adversaries from Word Scrambling](https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.01130)
- **Point of Contact:** [Yuan Zhang](zhangyua@google.com)
### Dataset Summary
PAWS: Paraphrase Adversaries from Word Scrambling
This dataset contains 108,463 human-labeled and 656k noisily labeled pairs that feature the importance of modeling structure, context, and word order information for the problem of paraphrase identification. The dataset has two subsets, one based on Wikipedia and the other one based on the Quora Question Pairs (QQP) dataset.
For further details, see the accompanying paper: PAWS: Paraphrase Adversaries from Word Scrambling (https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.01130)
PAWS-QQP is not available due to license of QQP. It must be reconstructed by downloading the original data and then running our scripts to produce the data and attach the labels.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed]
### Languages
The text in the dataset is in English.
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
Below are two examples from the dataset:
| | Sentence 1 | Sentence 2 | Label |
| :-- | :---------------------------- | :---------------------------- | :---- |
| (1) | Although interchangeable, the body pieces on the 2 cars are not similar. | Although similar, the body parts are not interchangeable on the 2 cars. | 0 |
| (2) | Katz was born in Sweden in 1947 and moved to New York City at the age of 1. | Katz was born in 1947 in Sweden and moved to New York at the age of one. | 1 |
The first pair has different semantic meaning while the second pair is a paraphrase. State-of-the-art models trained on existing datasets have dismal performance on PAWS (<40% accuracy); however, including PAWS training data for these models improves their accuracy to 85% while maintaining performance on existing datasets such as the [Quora Question Pairs](https://data.quora.com/First-Quora-Dataset-Release-Question-Pairs).
### Data Fields
This corpus contains pairs generated from Wikipedia pages, and can be downloaded
here:
* **PAWS-Wiki Labeled (Final)**: containing pairs that are generated from both word swapping and back translation methods. All pairs have human judgements on both paraphrasing and fluency and they are split into Train/Dev/Test sections.
* **PAWS-Wiki Labeled (Swap-only)**: containing pairs that have no back translation counterparts and therefore they are not included in the first set. Nevertheless, they are high-quality pairs with human judgements on both paraphrasing and fluency, and they can be included as an auxiliary training set.
* **PAWS-Wiki Unlabeled (Final)**: Pairs in this set have noisy labels without human judgments and can also be used as an auxiliary training set. They are generated from both word swapping and back translation methods.
All files are in the tsv format with four columns:
Column Name | Data
:------------ | :--------------------------
id | A unique id for each pair
sentence1 | The first sentence
sentence2 | The second sentence
(noisy_)label | (Noisy) label for each pair
Each label has two possible values: `0` indicates the pair has different meaning, while `1` indicates the pair is a paraphrase.
### Data Splits
The number of examples and the proportion of paraphrase (Yes%) pairs are shown
below:
Data | Train | Dev | Test | Yes%
:------------------ | ------: | -----: | ----: | ----:
Labeled (Final) | 49,401 | 8,000 | 8,000 | 44.2%
Labeled (Swap-only) | 30,397 | -- | -- | 9.6%
Unlabeled (Final) | 645,652 | 10,000 | -- | 50.0%
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
Existing paraphrase identification datasets lack sentence pairs that have high lexical overlap without being paraphrases. Models trained on such data fail to distinguish pairs like *flights from New York to Florida* and *flights from Florida to New York*.
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
Their automatic generation method is based on two ideas. The first swaps words to generate a sentence pair with the same BOW, controlled by a language model. The second uses back translation to generate paraphrases with high BOW overlap but different word order. These two strategies generate high-quality, diverse PAWS pairs, balanced evenly between paraphrases and non-paraphrases.
#### Who are the source language producers?
Mentioned above.
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
Sentence pairs are presented to five annotators, each of which gives a binary judgment as to whether they are paraphrases or not. They chose binary judgments to make dataset have the same label schema as the QQP corpus. Overall, human agreement is high on both Quora (92.0%) and Wikipedia (94.7%) and each label only takes about 24 seconds. As such, answers are usually straight-forward to human raters.
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
List the people involved in collecting the dataset and their affiliation(s). If funding information is known, include it here.
### Licensing Information
The dataset may be freely used for any purpose, although acknowledgement of Google LLC ("Google") as the data source would be appreciated. The dataset is provided "AS IS" without any warranty, express or implied. Google disclaims all liability for any damages, direct or indirect, resulting from the use of the dataset.
### Citation Information
```
@InProceedings{paws2019naacl,
title = {{PAWS: Paraphrase Adversaries from Word Scrambling}},
author = {Zhang, Yuan and Baldridge, Jason and He, Luheng},
booktitle = {Proc. of NAACL},
year = {2019}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@bhavitvyamalik](https://github.com/bhavitvyamalik) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for "quail"
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [https://text-machine-lab.github.io/blog/2020/quail/](https://text-machine-lab.github.io/blog/2020/quail/)
- **Repository:** https://github.com/text-machine-lab/quail
- **Paper:** [Getting Closer to AI Complete Question Answering: A Set of Prerequisite Real Tasks](https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i05.6398 )
- **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 6.41 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 29.62 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 36.03 MB
### Dataset Summary
QuAIL is a reading comprehension dataset. QuAIL contains 15K multi-choice questions in texts 300-350 tokens long 4 domains (news, user stories, fiction, blogs).QuAIL is balanced and annotated for question types.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Languages
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
#### quail
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 6.41 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 29.62 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 36.03 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"answers": ["the cousin is not friendly", "the cousin could have been pretier", "not enough information", "the cousin was too nice"],
"context": "\"That fall came and I went back to Michigan and the school year went by and summer came and I never really thought about it. I'm...",
"context_id": "f001",
"correct_answer_id": 0,
"domain": "fiction",
"id": "f001_19",
"metadata": {
"author": "Joseph Devon",
"title": "Black Eyed Susan",
"url": "http://manybooks.net/pages/devonjother08black_eyed_susan/0.html"
},
"question": "After the events in the text what does the author think about the cousin?",
"question_id": "19",
"question_type": "Subsequent_state"
}
```
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all splits.
#### quail
- `id`: a `string` feature.
- `context_id`: a `string` feature.
- `question_id`: a `string` feature.
- `domain`: a `string` feature.
- `author`: a `string` feature.
- `title`: a `string` feature.
- `url`: a `string` feature.
- `context`: a `string` feature.
- `question`: a `string` feature.
- `question_type`: a `string` feature.
- `answers`: a `list` of `string` features.
- `correct_answer_id`: a `int32` feature.
### Data Splits
|name |train|challenge|validation|
|-----|----:|--------:|---------:|
|quail|10246| 556| 2164|
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Licensing Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Citation Information
```
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/aaai/RogersKDR20,
author = {Anna Rogers and
Olga Kovaleva and
Matthew Downey and
Anna Rumshisky},
title = {Getting Closer to {AI} Complete Question Answering: {A} Set of Prerequisite
Real Tasks},
booktitle = {The Thirty-Fourth {AAAI} Conference on Artificial Intelligence, {AAAI}
2020, The Thirty-Second Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence
Conference, {IAAI} 2020, The Tenth {AAAI} Symposium on Educational
Advances in Artificial Intelligence, {EAAI} 2020, New York, NY, USA,
February 7-12, 2020},
pages = {8722--8731},
publisher = {{AAAI} Press},
year = {2020},
url = {https://aaai.org/ojs/index.php/AAAI/article/view/6398},
timestamp = {Thu, 04 Jun 2020 13:18:48 +0200},
biburl = {https://dblp.org/rec/conf/aaai/RogersKDR20.bib},
bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@sai-prasanna](https://github.com/sai-prasanna), [@ngdodd](https://github.com/ngdodd) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for Beans
## Table of Contents
- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [Beans Homepage](https://github.com/AI-Lab-Makerere/ibean/)
- **Repository:** [AI-Lab-Makerere/ibean](https://github.com/AI-Lab-Makerere/ibean/)
- **Paper:** N/A
- **Leaderboard:** N/A
- **Point of Contact:** N/A
### Dataset Summary
Beans leaf dataset with images of diseased and health leaves.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
- `image-classification`: Based on a leaf image, the goal of this task is to predict the disease type (Angular Leaf Spot and Bean Rust), if any.
### Languages
English
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
A sample from the training set is provided below:
```
{
'image_file_path': '/root/.cache/huggingface/datasets/downloads/extracted/0aaa78294d4bf5114f58547e48d91b7826649919505379a167decb629aa92b0a/train/bean_rust/bean_rust_train.109.jpg',
'image': <PIL.JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile image mode=RGB size=500x500 at 0x16BAA72A4A8>,
'labels': 1
}
```
### Data Fields
The data instances have the following fields:
- `image_file_path`: a `string` filepath to an image.
- `image`: A `PIL.Image.Image` object containing the image. Note that when accessing the image column: `dataset[0]["image"]` the image file is automatically decoded. Decoding of a large number of image files might take a significant amount of time. Thus it is important to first query the sample index before the `"image"` column, *i.e.* `dataset[0]["image"]` should **always** be preferred over `dataset["image"][0]`.
- `labels`: an `int` classification label.
Class Label Mappings:
```json
{
"angular_leaf_spot": 0,
"bean_rust": 1,
"healthy": 2,
}
```
### Data Splits
| |train|validation|test|
|-------------|----:|---------:|---:|
|# of examples|1034 |133 |128 |
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed]
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed]
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed]
### Licensing Information
[More Information Needed]
### Citation Information
```
@ONLINE {beansdata,
author="Makerere AI Lab",
title="Bean disease dataset",
month="January",
year="2020",
url="https://github.com/AI-Lab-Makerere/ibean/"
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@nateraw](https://github.com/nateraw) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for "wmt16"
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [http://www.statmt.org/wmt16/translation-task.html](http://www.statmt.org/wmt16/translation-task.html)
- **Repository:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Paper:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 1.69 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 297.28 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 1.99 GB
### Dataset Summary
<div class="course-tip course-tip-orange bg-gradient-to-br dark:bg-gradient-to-r before:border-orange-500 dark:before:border-orange-800 from-orange-50 dark:from-gray-900 to-white dark:to-gray-950 border border-orange-50 text-orange-700 dark:text-gray-400">
<p><b>Warning:</b> There are issues with the Common Crawl corpus data (<a href="https://www.statmt.org/wmt13/training-parallel-commoncrawl.tgz">training-parallel-commoncrawl.tgz</a>):</p>
<ul>
<li>Non-English files contain many English sentences.</li>
<li>Their "parallel" sentences in English are not aligned: they are uncorrelated with their counterpart.</li>
</ul>
<p>We have contacted the WMT organizers.</p>
</div>
Translation dataset based on the data from statmt.org.
Versions exist for different years using a combination of data
sources. The base `wmt` allows you to create a custom dataset by choosing
your own data/language pair. This can be done as follows:
```python
from datasets import inspect_dataset, load_dataset_builder
inspect_dataset("wmt16", "path/to/scripts")
builder = load_dataset_builder(
"path/to/scripts/wmt_utils.py",
language_pair=("fr", "de"),
subsets={
datasets.Split.TRAIN: ["commoncrawl_frde"],
datasets.Split.VALIDATION: ["euelections_dev2019"],
},
)
# Standard version
builder.download_and_prepare()
ds = builder.as_dataset()
# Streamable version
ds = builder.as_streaming_dataset()
```
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Languages
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
#### cs-en
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 1.69 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 297.28 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 1.99 GB
An example of 'validation' looks as follows.
```
```
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all splits.
#### cs-en
- `translation`: a multilingual `string` variable, with possible languages including `cs`, `en`.
### Data Splits
|name |train |validation|test|
|-----|-----:|---------:|---:|
|cs-en|997240| 2656|2999|
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Licensing Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Citation Information
```
@InProceedings{bojar-EtAl:2016:WMT1,
author = {Bojar, Ond
{r}ej and Chatterjee, Rajen and Federmann, Christian and Graham, Yvette and Haddow, Barry and Huck, Matthias and Jimeno Yepes, Antonio and Koehn, Philipp and Logacheva, Varvara and Monz, Christof and Negri, Matteo and Neveol, Aurelie and Neves, Mariana and Popel, Martin and Post, Matt and Rubino, Raphael and Scarton, Carolina and Specia, Lucia and Turchi, Marco and Verspoor, Karin and Zampieri, Marcos},
title = {Findings of the 2016 Conference on Machine Translation},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the First Conference on Machine Translation},
month = {August},
year = {2016},
address = {Berlin, Germany},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
pages = {131--198},
url = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W/W16/W16-2301}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@thomwolf](https://github.com/thomwolf), [@patrickvonplaten](https://github.com/patrickvonplaten) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for M3IT
Project Page: [M3IT](https://m3-it.github.io/)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage: https://huggingface.co/datasets/MMInstruction/M3IT**
- **Repository: https://huggingface.co/datasets/MMInstruction/M3IT**
- **Paper:**
- **Leaderboard:**
- **Point of Contact:**
### Languages
English and Chinese. 80 translated version can be found at [M3IT-80](https://huggingface.co/datasets/MMInstruction/M3IT-80).
## Dataset Statistics
Our dataset compiles diverse tasks of classical vision-language tasks, including captioning,
visual question answering~(VQA), visual conditioned generation, reasoning and classification.
### Instruction Statistics
| Task | #Instructions |
|---------------------------|---------------|
| Image Captioning | 52 |
| Classification | 113 |
| Visual Question Answering | 95 |
| Knowledgeable Visual QA | 40 |
| Reasoning | 60 |
| Generation | 40 |
| Total | 400 |
### Task Statistics
| Task | Description | #Train | #Val | #Test |
|---------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|
| Image Captioning | Given an image, write a description for the image. | 679,087 | 41,462 | 27,499 |
| Classification | Given an image, classify the image into pre-defined categories. | 238,303 | 100,069 | 21,206 |
| Visual Question Answering | Given an image, answer a question relevant to the image. | 177,633 | 46,314 | 10,828 |
| Knowledgeable Visual QA | Given an image, answer the question requires outside knowledge. | 39,981 | 11,682 | 5,477 |
| Reasoning | Given an image, conduct reasoning over the images. | 99,372 | 11,500 | 10,000 |
| Generation | Given an image, make compositions with certain requirements. | 145,000 | 11,315 | 17,350 |
| Chinese | CAP, CLS, VQA, and GEN tasks in Chinese. | 192,076 | 77,306 | 4,100 |
| Video | CAP, CLS, and VQA tasks on video-language datasets. | 20,868 | 7,542 | 9,294 |
| Multi-lingual | Translated tasks in 80 languages | 0 | 240,000 | 184,000 |
### Detailed Dataset Statistics
| Task | Dataset | #Train | #Val | #Test |
|---------------------------|------------------------------|---------|--------|--------|
| Image Captioning | `coco` | 566,747 | 25,010 | 25,010 |
| | `textcap` | 97,765 | 13,965 | 0 |
| | `image-paragraph-captioning` | 14,575 | 2,487 | 2,489 |
| Classification | `coco-goi` | 30,000 | 2,000 | 0 |
| | `coco-text` | 118,312 | 27,550 | 0 |
| | `imagenet` | 30,000 | 50,000 | 0 |
| | `coco-itm` | 30,000 | 5,000 | 5,000 |
| | `snli-ve` | 20,000 | 14,339 | 14,740 |
| | `mocheg` | 4,991 | 180 | 466 |
| | `iqa` | 5,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 |
| Visual Question Answering | `vqa-v2` | 30,000 | 30,000 | 0 |
| | `shapes` | 13,568 | 1,024 | 1,024 |
| | `docvqa` | 39,463 | 5,349 | 0 |
| | `ocr-vqa` | 11,414 | 4,940 | 0 |
| | `st-vqa` | 26,074 | 0 | 4,070 |
| | `text-vqa` | 27,113 | 0 | 5,734 |
| | `gqa` | 30,001 | 5,001 | 0 |
| Knowledgeable Visual QA | `okvqa` | 9,009 | 5,046 | 0 |
| | `a-okvqa` | 17,056 | 1,145 | 0 |
| | `science-qa` | 12,726 | 4,241 | 4,241 |
| | `viquae` | 1,190 | 1,250 | 1,236 |
| Reasoning | `clevr` | 30,000 | 2,000 | 0 |
| | `nlvr` | 29,372 | 2,000 | 0 |
| | `vcr` | 25,000 | 5,000 | 5,000 |
| | `visual-mrc` | 15,000 | 2,500 | 5,000 |
| | `winoground` | 0 | 0 | 800 |
| Generation | `vist` | 5,000 | 4,315 | 4,350 |
| | `visual-dialog` | 50,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 |
| | `multi30k` | 90,000 | 6,000 | 12,000 |
| Chinese | `fm-iqa` | 164,735 | 75,206 | 0 |
| | `coco-cn` | 18,341 | 1,000 | 1,000 |
| | `flickr8k-cn` | 6,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 |
| | `chinese-food` | 0 | 0 | 1,100 |
| | `mmchat` | 3,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 |
| Video | `ss` | 2,000 | 2,000 | 2,000 |
| | `ivqa` | 5,994 | 2,000 | 2,000 |
| | `msvd-qa` | 1,161 | 245 | 504 |
| | `activitynet-qa` | 3,200 | 1,800 | 800 |
| | `msrvtt` | 6,513 | 497 | 2,990 |
| | `msrvtt-qa` | 2,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 |
## Dataset Structure
### HuggingFace Login (Optional)
```python
# OR run huggingface-cli login
from huggingface_hub import login
hf_token = "hf_xxx" # TODO: set a valid HuggingFace access token for loading datasets/models
login(token=hf_token)
```
### Data Loading
```python
from datasets import load_dataset
ds_name = "coco" # change the dataset name here
dataset = load_dataset("MMInstruction/M3IT", ds_name)
```
### Data Splits
```python
from datasets import load_dataset
ds_name = "coco" # change the dataset name here
dataset = load_dataset("MMInstruction/M3IT", ds_name)
train_set = dataset["train"]
validation_set = dataset["validation"]
test_set = dataset["test"]
```
### Data Instances
```python
from datasets import load_dataset
from io import BytesIO
from base64 import b64decode
from PIL import Image
ds_name = "coco" # change the dataset name here
dataset = load_dataset("MMInstruction/M3IT", ds_name)
train_set = dataset["train"]
for train_instance in train_set:
instruction = train_instance["instruction"] # str
inputs = train_instance["inputs"] # str
outputs = train_instance["outputs"] # str
image_base64_str_list = train_instance["image_base64_str"] # str (base64)
image_0 = Image.open(BytesIO(b64decode(image_base64_str_list[0])))
```
### Data Fields
```python
import datasets
features = datasets.Features(
{
"instruction": datasets.Value("string"),
"inputs": datasets.Value("string"),
"image_base64_str": [datasets.Value("string")],
"outputs": datasets.Value("string"),
}
)
```
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed]
### Source Data
| Task | Dataset [Citation] | Source |
|---------------------------|----------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Image Captioning | `coco` [1] | [Source](https://cocodataset.org/#home) |
| | `textcap` [2] | [Source](https://textvqa.org/textcaps/) |
| | `image-paragraph-captioning` [3] | [Source](https://cs.stanford.edu/people/ranjaykrishna/im2p/index.html) |
| Classification | `coco-goi` [1] | [Source](https://cocodataset.org/#home) |
| | `coco-text` [4] | [Source](https://bgshih.github.io/cocotext/) |
| | `imagenet` [5] | [Source](https://www.image-net.org/) |
| | `coco-itm` [1] | [Source](https://cocodataset.org/#home) |
| | `snli-ve` [6] | [Source](https://github.com/necla-ml/SNLI-VE) |
| | `mocheg` [7] | [Source](https://github.com/VT-NLP/Mocheg) |
| | `iqa` [8] | [Source](https://github.com/icbcbicc/IQA-Dataset) |
| Visual Question Answering | `vqa-v2` [9] | [Source](https://visualqa.org/) |
| | `shapes` [10] | [Source](https://github.com/ronghanghu/n2nmn) |
| | `docvqa` [11] | [Source](https://www.docvqa.org/) |
| | `ocr-vqa` [12] | [Source](https://ocr-vqa.github.io/) |
| | `st-vqa` [13] | [Source](https://rrc.cvc.uab.es/?ch=11) |
| | `text-vqa` [14] | [Source](https://textvqa.org/) |
| | `gqa` [15] | [Source](https://cs.stanford.edu/people/dorarad/gqa/about.html) |
| Knowledgeable Visual QA | `okvqa` [16] | [Source](https://okvqa.allenai.org/) |
| | `a-okvqa` [17] | [Source](https://allenai.org/project/a-okvqa/home) |
| | `science-qa` [18] | [Source](https://scienceqa.github.io/) |
| | `viquae` [19] | [Source](https://github.com/PaulLerner/ViQuAE) |
| Reasoning | `clevr` [20] | [Source](https://cs.stanford.edu/people/jcjohns/clevr/) |
| | `nlvr` [21] | [Source](https://lil.nlp.cornell.edu/nlvr/) |
| | `vcr` [22] | [Source](https://visualcommonsense.com/) |
| | `visual-mrc` [23] | [Source](https://github.com/nttmdlab-nlp/VisualMRC) |
| | `winoground` [24] | [Source](https://huggingface.co/datasets/facebook/winoground) |
| Generation | `vist` [25] | [Source](https://visionandlanguage.net/VIST/) |
| | `visual-dialog` [26] | [Source](https://visualdialog.org/) |
| | `multi30k` [27] | [Source](https://github.com/multi30k/dataset) |
| Chinese | `fm-iqa` [28] | [Source](https://paperswithcode.com/dataset/fm-iqa) |
| | `coco-cn` [29] | [Source](https://github.com/li-xirong/coco-cn) |
| | `flickr8k-cn` [30] | [Source](https://github.com/li-xirong/flickr8kcn) |
| | `chinese-food` [31] | [Source](https://sites.google.com/view/chinesefoodnet) |
| | `mmchat` [32] | [Source](https://github.com/silverriver/MMChat) |
| Video | `ss` [33] | [Source](https://developer.qualcomm.com/software/ai-datasets/something-something) |
| | `ivqa` [34] | [Source](https://antoyang.github.io/just-ask.html) |
| | `msvd-qa` [35] | [Source](https://paperswithcode.com/dataset/msvd) |
| | `activitynet-qa` [36] | [Source](https://github.com/MILVLG/activitynet-qa) |
| | `msrvtt` [35] | [Source](https://paperswithcode.com/dataset/msr-vtt) |
| | `msrvtt-qa` [37] | [Source](https://paperswithcode.com/sota/visual-question-answering-on-msrvtt-qa-1) |
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
To build high-quality multimodal instruction datasets,
we rewrite various datasets into multimodal-to-text dialog format.
The annotation process includes four steps:
- (1) **Stage I: Instruction Writing**: writing instructions for each task;
- (2) **Stage II: Data Format Unification**: structuring images and texts into a unified schema;
- (3) **Stage III: Quality Check**: checking the overall dataset quality;
- (4) **Stage IV: Key Datasets Translation**: building multilingual sets.
#### Who are the annotators?
Eight authors of this work are employed as human annotators,
each of whom is a graduate student familiar with relevant literature.
## Additional Information
### Licensing Information
The content of original dataset follows their original license.
We suggest that for the task with Unknown/Custom license, the user can check the original project or contact the dataset owner for detailed license information.
Our annotated instruction data is licensed under [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
### Citation Information
```bibtex
@article{li2023m3it,
title={M$^3$IT: A Large-Scale Dataset towards Multi-Modal Multilingual Instruction Tuning},
author={Lei Li and Yuwei Yin and Shicheng Li and Liang Chen and Peiyi Wang and Shuhuai Ren and Mukai Li and Yazheng Yang and Jingjing Xu and Xu Sun and Lingpeng Kong and Qi Liu},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2306.04387},
year={2023}
}
```
### Contributions
M3IT is an open-source, large-scale Multi-modal, Multilingual Instruction Tuning dataset,
designed to enable the development of general-purpose multi-modal agents.
## References
- [1] Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Context
- [2] TextCaps: a dataset for image captioning with reading comprehension
- [3] A Hierarchical Approach for Generating Descriptive Image Paragraphs
- [4] COCO-Text: Dataset and benchmark for text detection and recognition in natural images
- [5] Imagenet large scale visual recognition challenge
- [6] E-ViL: A Dataset and Benchmark for Natural Language Explanations in Vision-Language Tasks
- [7] End-to-End Multimodal Fact-Checking and Explanation Generation: A Challenging Dataset and Models
- [8] Quantifying visual image quality: A Bayesian view
- [9] Making the V in VQA Matter: Elevating the Role of Image Understanding in Visual Question Answering
- [10] Neural Module Networks
- [11] DocVQA: A dataset for vqa on document images
- [12] OCR-VQA: Visual Question Answering by Reading Text in Images
- [13] Scene Text Visual Question Answering
- [14] Towards VQA Models That Can Read
- [15] GQA: A new dataset for real-world visual reasoning and compositional question answering
- [16] OK-VQA: A Visual Question Answering Benchmark Requiring External Knowledge
- [17] A-OKVQA: A Benchmark for Visual Question Answering using World Knowledge
- [18] Learn to Explain: Multimodal Reasoning via Thought Chains for Science Question Answering
- [19] ViQuAE: a dataset for knowledge-based visual question answering about named entities
- [20] CLEVR: A diagnostic dataset for compositional language and elementary visual reasoning
- [21] A Corpus of Natural Language for Visual Reasoning
- [22] From recognition to cognition: Visual Commonsense Reasoning
- [23] VisualMRC: Machine reading comprehension on document images
- [24] WinoGround: Probing vision and language models for visio-linguistic compositionality
- [25] Visual Storytelling
- [26] Visual Dialog
- [27] Multi30k: Multilingual english-german image descriptions
- [28] Are You Talking to a Machine? Dataset and Methods for Multilingual Image Question
- [29] COCO-CN for cross-lingual image tagging, captioning, and retrieval
- [30] Adding Chinese Captions to Images
- [31] ChineseFoodNet: A large-scale image dataset for chinese food recognition
- [32] MMChat: Multi-Modal Chat Dataset on Social Media
- [33] The "Something Something" Video Database for Learning and Evaluating Visual Common Sense
- [34] Just Ask: Learning to answer questions from millions of narrated videos
- [35] Video Question Answering via Gradually Refined Attention over Appearance and Motion
- [36] ActivityNet-qa: A dataset for understanding complex web videos via question answering
- [37] MSR-VTT: A large video description dataset for bridging video and language |
false | # MQA
MQA is a Multilingual corpus of Questions and Answers (MQA) parsed from the [Common Crawl](https://commoncrawl.org/). Questions are divided in two types: *Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)* and *Community Question Answering (CQA)*.
```python
from datasets import load_dataset
all_data = load_dataset("clips/mqa", language="en")
{
"name": "the title of the question (if any)",
"text": "the body of the question (if any)",
"answers": [{
"text": "the text of the answer",
"is_accepted": "true|false"
}]
}
faq_data = load_dataset("clips/mqa", scope="faq", language="en")
cqa_data = load_dataset("clips/mqa", scope="cqa", language="en")
```
## Languages
We collected around **234M pairs** of questions and answers in **39 languages**. To download a language specific subset you need to specify the language key as configuration. See below for an example.
```python
load_dataset("clips/mqa", language="en") # replace "en" by any language listed below
```
| Language | FAQ | CQA |
|:-----------|------------:|-----------:|
| en | 174,696,414 | 14,082,180 |
| de | 17,796,992 | 1,094,606 |
| es | 14,967,582 | 845,836 |
| fr | 13,096,727 | 1,299,359 |
| ru | 12,435,022 | 1,715,131 |
| it | 6,850,573 | 455,027 |
| ja | 6,369,706 | 2,089,952 |
| zh | 5,940,796 | 579,596 |
| pt | 5,851,286 | 373,982 |
| nl | 4,882,511 | 503,376 |
| tr | 3,893,964 | 370,975 |
| pl | 3,766,531 | 70,559 |
| vi | 2,795,227 | 96,528 |
| id | 2,253,070 | 200,441 |
| ar | 2,211,795 | 805,661 |
| uk | 2,090,611 | 27,260 |
| el | 1,758,618 | 17,167 |
| no | 1,752,820 | 11,786 |
| sv | 1,733,582 | 20,024 |
| fi | 1,717,221 | 41,371 |
| ro | 1,689,471 | 93,222 |
| th | 1,685,463 | 73,204 |
| da | 1,554,581 | 16,398 |
| he | 1,422,449 | 88,435 |
| ko | 1,361,901 | 49,061 |
| cs | 1,224,312 | 143,863 |
| hu | 878,385 | 27,639 |
| fa | 787,420 | 118,805 |
| sk | 785,101 | 4,615 |
| lt | 672,105 | 301 |
| et | 547,208 | 441 |
| hi | 516,342 | 205,645 |
| hr | 458,958 | 11,677 |
| is | 437,748 | 37 |
| lv | 428,002 | 88 |
| ms | 230,568 | 7,460 |
| bg | 198,671 | 5,320 |
| sr | 110,270 | 3,980 |
| ca | 100,201 | 1,914 |
## FAQ vs. CQA
You can download the *Frequently Asked Questions* (FAQ) or the *Community Question Answering* (CQA) part of the dataset.
```python
faq = load_dataset("clips/mqa", scope="faq")
cqa = load_dataset("clips/mqa", scope="cqa")
all = load_dataset("clips/mqa", scope="all")
```
Although FAQ and CQA questions share the same structure, CQA questions can have multiple answers for a given questions, while FAQ questions have a single answer. FAQ questions typically only have a title (`name` key), while CQA have a title and a body (`name` and `text`).
## Nesting and Data Fields
You can specify three different nesting level: `question`, `page` and `domain`.
#### Question
```python
load_dataset("clips/mqa", level="question") # default
```
The default level is the question object:
- **name**: the title of the question(if any) in markdown format
- **text**: the body of the question (if any) in markdown format
- **answers**: a list of answers
- **text**: the title of the answer (if any) in markdown format
- **name**: the body of the answer in markdown format
- **is_accepted**: true if the answer is selected.
#### Page
This level returns a list of questions present on the same page. This is mostly useful for FAQs since CQAs already have one question per page.
```python
load_dataset("clips/mqa", level="page")
```
#### Domain
This level returns a list of pages present on the web domain. This is a good way to cope with FAQs duplication by sampling one page per domain at each epoch.
```python
load_dataset("clips/mqa", level="domain")
```
## Source Data
This section was adapted from the source data description of [OSCAR](https://huggingface.co/datasets/oscar#source-data)
Common Crawl is a non-profit foundation which produces and maintains an open repository of web crawled data that is both accessible and analysable. Common Crawl's complete web archive consists of petabytes of data collected over 8 years of web crawling. The repository contains raw web page HTML data (WARC files), metdata extracts (WAT files) and plain text extracts (WET files). The organisation's crawlers has always respected nofollow and robots.txt policies.
To construct MQA, we used the WARC files of Common Crawl.
## People
This model was developed by [Maxime De Bruyn](https://maximedb.vercel.app), Ehsan Lotfi, Jeska Buhmann and Walter Daelemans.
## Licensing Information
```
These data are released under this licensing scheme.
We do not own any of the text from which these data has been extracted.
We license the actual packaging of these data under the Creative Commons CC0 license ("no rights reserved") http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Should you consider that our data contains material that is owned by you and should therefore not be reproduced here, please:
* Clearly identify yourself, with detailed contact data such as an address, telephone number or email address at which you can be contacted.
* Clearly identify the copyrighted work claimed to be infringed.
* Clearly identify the material that is claimed to be infringing and information reasonably sufficient to allow us to locate the material.
We will comply to legitimate requests by removing the affected sources from the next release of the corpus.
```
## Citation information
```
@inproceedings{de-bruyn-etal-2021-mfaq,
title = "{MFAQ}: a Multilingual {FAQ} Dataset",
author = "De Bruyn, Maxime and
Lotfi, Ehsan and
Buhmann, Jeska and
Daelemans, Walter",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Machine Reading for Question Answering",
month = nov,
year = "2021",
address = "Punta Cana, Dominican Republic",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://aclanthology.org/2021.mrqa-1.1",
pages = "1--13",
}
``` |
false |
# Dataset Card for ROPES
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [ROPES dataset](https://allenai.org/data/ropes)
- **Paper:** [Reasoning Over Paragraph Effects in Situations](https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.05852)
- **Leaderboard:** [ROPES leaderboard](https://leaderboard.allenai.org/ropes)
### Dataset Summary
ROPES (Reasoning Over Paragraph Effects in Situations) is a QA dataset which tests a system's ability to apply knowledge from a passage of text to a new situation. A system is presented a background passage containing a causal or qualitative relation(s) (e.g., "animal pollinators increase efficiency of fertilization in flowers"), a novel situation that uses this background, and questions that require reasoning about effects of the relationships in the background passage in the context of the situation.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
The reading comprehension task is framed as an extractive question answering problem.
Models are evaluated by computing word-level F1 and exact match (EM) metrics, following common practice for recent reading comprehension datasets (e.g., SQuAD).
### Languages
The text in the dataset is in English. The associated BCP-47 code is `en`.
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
Data closely follow the SQuAD v1.1 format. An example looks like this:
```
{
"id": "2058517998",
"background": "Cancer is a disease that causes cells to divide out of control. Normally, the body has systems that prevent cells from dividing out of control. But in the case of cancer, these systems fail. Cancer is usually caused by mutations. Mutations are random errors in genes. Mutations that lead to cancer usually happen to genes that control the cell cycle. Because of the mutations, abnormal cells divide uncontrollably. This often leads to the development of a tumor. A tumor is a mass of abnormal tissue. As a tumor grows, it may harm normal tissues around it. Anything that can cause cancer is called a carcinogen . Carcinogens may be pathogens, chemicals, or radiation.",
"situation": "Jason recently learned that he has cancer. After hearing this news, he convinced his wife, Charlotte, to get checked out. After running several tests, the doctors determined Charlotte has no cancer, but she does have high blood pressure. Relieved at this news, Jason was now focused on battling his cancer and fighting as hard as he could to survive.",
"question": "Whose cells are dividing more rapidly?",
"answers": {
"text": ["Jason"]
},
}
```
### Data Fields
- `id`: identification
- `background`: background passage
- `situation`: the grounding situation
- `question`: the question to answer
- `answers`: the answer text which is a span from either the situation or the question. The text list always contain a single element.
Note that the answers for the test set are hidden (and thus represented as an empty list). Predictions for the test set should be submitted to the leaderboard.
### Data Splits
The dataset contains 14k QA pairs over 1.7K paragraphs, split between train (10k QAs), development (1.6k QAs) and a hidden test partition (1.7k QAs).
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
From the original paper:
*ROPES challenges reading comprehension models to handle more difficult phenomena: understanding the implications of a passage of text. ROPES is also particularly related to datasets focusing on "multi-hop reasoning", as by construction answering questions in ROPES requires connecting information from multiple parts of a given passage.*
*We constructed ROPES by first collecting background passages from science textbooks and Wikipedia articles that describe causal relationships. We showed the collected paragraphs to crowd workers and asked them to write situations that involve the relationships found in the background passage, and questions that connect the situation and the background using the causal relationships. The answers are spans from either the situation or the question. The dataset consists of 14,322 questions from various domains, mostly in science and economics.*
### Source Data
From the original paper:
*We automatically scraped passages from science textbooks and Wikipedia that contained causal connectives eg. ”causes,” ”leads to,” and keywords that signal qualitative relations, e.g. ”increases,” ”decreases.”. We then manually filtered out the passages that do not have at least one relation. The passages can be categorized into physical science (49%), life science (45%), economics (5%) and other (1%). In total, we collected over 1,000 background passages.*
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
From the original paper:
*We used Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT) to generate the situations, questions, and answers. The AMT workers were given background passages and asked to write situations that involved the relation(s) in the background passage. The AMT workers then authored questions about the situation that required both the background and the situation to answer. In each human intelligence task (HIT), AMT workers are given 5 background passages to select from and are asked to create a total of 10 questions. To mitigate the potential for easy lexical shortcuts in the dataset, the workers were encouraged via instructions to write questions in minimal pairs, where a very small change in the question results in a different answer.*
*Most questions are designed to have two sensible answer choices (eg. “more” vs. “less”).*
To reduce annotator bias, training and evaluation sets are writter by different annotators.
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed]
### Annotations
[More Information Needed]
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed]
### Licensing Information
The data is distributed under the [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) license.
### Citation Information
```
@inproceedings{Lin2019ReasoningOP,
title={Reasoning Over Paragraph Effects in Situations},
author={Kevin Lin and Oyvind Tafjord and Peter Clark and Matt Gardner},
booktitle={MRQA@EMNLP},
year={2019}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@VictorSanh](https://github.com/VictorSanh) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for Common Voice Corpus 11.0
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [How to use](#how-to-use)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** https://commonvoice.mozilla.org/en/datasets
- **Repository:** https://github.com/common-voice/common-voice
- **Paper:** https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.06670
- **Leaderboard:** https://paperswithcode.com/dataset/common-voice
- **Point of Contact:** [Anton Lozhkov](mailto:anton@huggingface.co)
### Dataset Summary
The Common Voice dataset consists of a unique MP3 and corresponding text file.
Many of the 24210 recorded hours in the dataset also include demographic metadata like age, sex, and accent
that can help improve the accuracy of speech recognition engines.
The dataset currently consists of 16413 validated hours in 100 languages, but more voices and languages are always added.
Take a look at the [Languages](https://commonvoice.mozilla.org/en/languages) page to request a language or start contributing.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
The results for models trained on the Common Voice datasets are available via the
[🤗 Autoevaluate Leaderboard](https://huggingface.co/spaces/autoevaluate/leaderboards?dataset=mozilla-foundation%2Fcommon_voice_11_0&only_verified=0&task=automatic-speech-recognition&config=ar&split=test&metric=wer)
### Languages
```
Abkhaz, Arabic, Armenian, Assamese, Asturian, Azerbaijani, Basaa, Bashkir, Basque, Belarusian, Bengali, Breton, Bulgarian, Cantonese, Catalan, Central Kurdish, Chinese (China), Chinese (Hong Kong), Chinese (Taiwan), Chuvash, Czech, Danish, Dhivehi, Dutch, English, Erzya, Esperanto, Estonian, Finnish, French, Frisian, Galician, Georgian, German, Greek, Guarani, Hakha Chin, Hausa, Hill Mari, Hindi, Hungarian, Igbo, Indonesian, Interlingua, Irish, Italian, Japanese, Kabyle, Kazakh, Kinyarwanda, Kurmanji Kurdish, Kyrgyz, Latvian, Lithuanian, Luganda, Macedonian, Malayalam, Maltese, Marathi, Meadow Mari, Moksha, Mongolian, Nepali, Norwegian Nynorsk, Odia, Persian, Polish, Portuguese, Punjabi, Romanian, Romansh Sursilvan, Romansh Vallader, Russian, Sakha, Santali (Ol Chiki), Saraiki, Sardinian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovenian, Sorbian, Upper, Spanish, Swahili, Swedish, Taiwanese (Minnan), Tamil, Tatar, Thai, Tigre, Tigrinya, Toki Pona, Turkish, Twi, Ukrainian, Urdu, Uyghur, Uzbek, Vietnamese, Votic, Welsh
```
## How to use
The `datasets` library allows you to load and pre-process your dataset in pure Python, at scale. The dataset can be downloaded and prepared in one call to your local drive by using the `load_dataset` function.
For example, to download the Hindi config, simply specify the corresponding language config name (i.e., "hi" for Hindi):
```python
from datasets import load_dataset
cv_11 = load_dataset("mozilla-foundation/common_voice_11_0", "hi", split="train")
```
Using the datasets library, you can also stream the dataset on-the-fly by adding a `streaming=True` argument to the `load_dataset` function call. Loading a dataset in streaming mode loads individual samples of the dataset at a time, rather than downloading the entire dataset to disk.
```python
from datasets import load_dataset
cv_11 = load_dataset("mozilla-foundation/common_voice_11_0", "hi", split="train", streaming=True)
print(next(iter(cv_11)))
```
*Bonus*: create a [PyTorch dataloader](https://huggingface.co/docs/datasets/use_with_pytorch) directly with your own datasets (local/streamed).
### Local
```python
from datasets import load_dataset
from torch.utils.data.sampler import BatchSampler, RandomSampler
cv_11 = load_dataset("mozilla-foundation/common_voice_11_0", "hi", split="train")
batch_sampler = BatchSampler(RandomSampler(cv_11), batch_size=32, drop_last=False)
dataloader = DataLoader(cv_11, batch_sampler=batch_sampler)
```
### Streaming
```python
from datasets import load_dataset
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
cv_11 = load_dataset("mozilla-foundation/common_voice_11_0", "hi", split="train")
dataloader = DataLoader(cv_11, batch_size=32)
```
To find out more about loading and preparing audio datasets, head over to [hf.co/blog/audio-datasets](https://huggingface.co/blog/audio-datasets).
### Example scripts
Train your own CTC or Seq2Seq Automatic Speech Recognition models on Common Voice 11 with `transformers` - [here](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/main/examples/pytorch/speech-recognition).
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
A typical data point comprises the `path` to the audio file and its `sentence`.
Additional fields include `accent`, `age`, `client_id`, `up_votes`, `down_votes`, `gender`, `locale` and `segment`.
```python
{
'client_id': 'd59478fbc1ee646a28a3c652a119379939123784d99131b865a89f8b21c81f69276c48bd574b81267d9d1a77b83b43e6d475a6cfc79c232ddbca946ae9c7afc5',
'path': 'et/clips/common_voice_et_18318995.mp3',
'audio': {
'path': 'et/clips/common_voice_et_18318995.mp3',
'array': array([-0.00048828, -0.00018311, -0.00137329, ..., 0.00079346, 0.00091553, 0.00085449], dtype=float32),
'sampling_rate': 48000
},
'sentence': 'Tasub kokku saada inimestega, keda tunned juba ammust ajast saati.',
'up_votes': 2,
'down_votes': 0,
'age': 'twenties',
'gender': 'male',
'accent': '',
'locale': 'et',
'segment': ''
}
```
### Data Fields
`client_id` (`string`): An id for which client (voice) made the recording
`path` (`string`): The path to the audio file
`audio` (`dict`): A dictionary containing the path to the downloaded audio file, the decoded audio array, and the sampling rate. Note that when accessing the audio column: `dataset[0]["audio"]` the audio file is automatically decoded and resampled to `dataset.features["audio"].sampling_rate`. Decoding and resampling of a large number of audio files might take a significant amount of time. Thus it is important to first query the sample index before the `"audio"` column, *i.e.* `dataset[0]["audio"]` should **always** be preferred over `dataset["audio"][0]`.
`sentence` (`string`): The sentence the user was prompted to speak
`up_votes` (`int64`): How many upvotes the audio file has received from reviewers
`down_votes` (`int64`): How many downvotes the audio file has received from reviewers
`age` (`string`): The age of the speaker (e.g. `teens`, `twenties`, `fifties`)
`gender` (`string`): The gender of the speaker
`accent` (`string`): Accent of the speaker
`locale` (`string`): The locale of the speaker
`segment` (`string`): Usually an empty field
### Data Splits
The speech material has been subdivided into portions for dev, train, test, validated, invalidated, reported and other.
The validated data is data that has been validated with reviewers and received upvotes that the data is of high quality.
The invalidated data is data has been invalidated by reviewers
and received downvotes indicating that the data is of low quality.
The reported data is data that has been reported, for different reasons.
The other data is data that has not yet been reviewed.
The dev, test, train are all data that has been reviewed, deemed of high quality and split into dev, test and train.
## Data Preprocessing Recommended by Hugging Face
The following are data preprocessing steps advised by the Hugging Face team. They are accompanied by an example code snippet that shows how to put them to practice.
Many examples in this dataset have trailing quotations marks, e.g _“the cat sat on the mat.“_. These trailing quotation marks do not change the actual meaning of the sentence, and it is near impossible to infer whether a sentence is a quotation or not a quotation from audio data alone. In these cases, it is advised to strip the quotation marks, leaving: _the cat sat on the mat_.
In addition, the majority of training sentences end in punctuation ( . or ? or ! ), whereas just a small proportion do not. In the dev set, **almost all** sentences end in punctuation. Thus, it is recommended to append a full-stop ( . ) to the end of the small number of training examples that do not end in punctuation.
```python
from datasets import load_dataset
ds = load_dataset("mozilla-foundation/common_voice_11_0", "en", use_auth_token=True)
def prepare_dataset(batch):
"""Function to preprocess the dataset with the .map method"""
transcription = batch["sentence"]
if transcription.startswith('"') and transcription.endswith('"'):
# we can remove trailing quotation marks as they do not affect the transcription
transcription = transcription[1:-1]
if transcription[-1] not in [".", "?", "!"]:
# append a full-stop to sentences that do not end in punctuation
transcription = transcription + "."
batch["sentence"] = transcription
return batch
ds = ds.map(prepare_dataset, desc="preprocess dataset")
```
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[Needs More Information]
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[Needs More Information]
#### Who are the source language producers?
[Needs More Information]
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[Needs More Information]
#### Who are the annotators?
[Needs More Information]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
The dataset consists of people who have donated their voice online. You agree to not attempt to determine the identity of speakers in the Common Voice dataset.
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
The dataset consists of people who have donated their voice online. You agree to not attempt to determine the identity of speakers in the Common Voice dataset.
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed]
### Licensing Information
Public Domain, [CC-0](https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)
### Citation Information
```
@inproceedings{commonvoice:2020,
author = {Ardila, R. and Branson, M. and Davis, K. and Henretty, M. and Kohler, M. and Meyer, J. and Morais, R. and Saunders, L. and Tyers, F. M. and Weber, G.},
title = {Common Voice: A Massively-Multilingual Speech Corpus},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 12th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2020)},
pages = {4211--4215},
year = 2020
}
```
|
false |
# Dataset Card for "quoref"
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** https://allenai.org/data/quoref
- **Repository:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Paper:** [Quoref: A Reading Comprehension Dataset with Questions Requiring Coreferential Reasoning](https://aclanthology.org/D19-1606/)
- **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 5.08 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 49.82 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 54.90 MB
### Dataset Summary
Quoref is a QA dataset which tests the coreferential reasoning capability of reading comprehension systems. In this
span-selection benchmark containing 24K questions over 4.7K paragraphs from Wikipedia, a system must resolve hard
coreferences before selecting the appropriate span(s) in the paragraphs for answering questions.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Languages
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
#### default
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 5.08 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 49.82 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 54.90 MB
An example of 'validation' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"answers": {
"answer_start": [1633],
"text": ["Frankie"]
},
"context": "\"Frankie Bono, a mentally disturbed hitman from Cleveland, comes back to his hometown in New York City during Christmas week to ...",
"id": "bfc3b34d6b7e73c0bd82a009db12e9ce196b53e6",
"question": "What is the first name of the person who has until New Year's Eve to perform a hit?",
"title": "Blast of Silence",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blast_of_Silence"
}
```
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all splits.
#### default
- `id`: a `string` feature.
- `question`: a `string` feature.
- `context`: a `string` feature.
- `title`: a `string` feature.
- `url`: a `string` feature.
- `answers`: a dictionary feature containing:
- `answer_start`: a `int32` feature.
- `text`: a `string` feature.
### Data Splits
| name |train|validation|
|-------|----:|---------:|
|default|19399| 2418|
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Licensing Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Citation Information
```
@article{allenai:quoref,
author = {Pradeep Dasigi and Nelson F. Liu and Ana Marasovic and Noah A. Smith and Matt Gardner},
title = {Quoref: A Reading Comprehension Dataset with Questions Requiring Coreferential Reasoning},
journal = {arXiv:1908.05803v2 },
year = {2019},
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@lewtun](https://github.com/lewtun), [@patrickvonplaten](https://github.com/patrickvonplaten), [@thomwolf](https://github.com/thomwolf) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for "cos_e"
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:**
- **Repository:** https://github.com/salesforce/cos-e
- **Paper:** [Explain Yourself! Leveraging Language Models for Commonsense Reasoning](https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.02361)
- **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 10.83 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 5.39 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 16.22 MB
### Dataset Summary
Common Sense Explanations (CoS-E) allows for training language models to
automatically generate explanations that can be used during training and
inference in a novel Commonsense Auto-Generated Explanation (CAGE) framework.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Languages
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
#### v1.0
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 4.30 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 2.34 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 6.64 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"abstractive_explanation": "this is open-ended",
"answer": "b",
"choices": ["a", "b", "c"],
"extractive_explanation": "this is selected train",
"id": "42",
"question": "question goes here."
}
```
#### v1.11
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 6.53 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 3.05 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 9.58 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"abstractive_explanation": "this is open-ended",
"answer": "b",
"choices": ["a", "b", "c"],
"extractive_explanation": "this is selected train",
"id": "42",
"question": "question goes here."
}
```
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all splits.
#### v1.0
- `id`: a `string` feature.
- `question`: a `string` feature.
- `choices`: a `list` of `string` features.
- `answer`: a `string` feature.
- `abstractive_explanation`: a `string` feature.
- `extractive_explanation`: a `string` feature.
#### v1.11
- `id`: a `string` feature.
- `question`: a `string` feature.
- `choices`: a `list` of `string` features.
- `answer`: a `string` feature.
- `abstractive_explanation`: a `string` feature.
- `extractive_explanation`: a `string` feature.
### Data Splits
|name |train|validation|
|-----|----:|---------:|
|v1.0 | 7610| 950|
|v1.11| 9741| 1221|
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Licensing Information
Unknown.
### Citation Information
```
@inproceedings{rajani2019explain,
title = "Explain Yourself! Leveraging Language models for Commonsense Reasoning",
author = "Rajani, Nazneen Fatema and
McCann, Bryan and
Xiong, Caiming and
Socher, Richard",
year="2019",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL2019)",
url ="https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.02361"
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@lewtun](https://github.com/lewtun), [@thomwolf](https://github.com/thomwolf), [@mariamabarham](https://github.com/mariamabarham), [@patrickvonplaten](https://github.com/patrickvonplaten), [@albertvillanova](https://github.com/albertvillanova), [@lhoestq](https://github.com/lhoestq) for adding this dataset. |
true |
# Dataset Card for Amazon Review Polarity
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** https://registry.opendata.aws/
- **Repository:** https://github.com/zhangxiangxiao/Crepe
- **Paper:** https://arxiv.org/abs/1509.01626
- **Leaderboard:** [Needs More Information]
- **Point of Contact:** [Xiang Zhang](mailto:xiang.zhang@nyu.edu)
### Dataset Summary
The Amazon reviews dataset consists of reviews from amazon.
The data span a period of 18 years, including ~35 million reviews up to March 2013.
Reviews include product and user information, ratings, and a plaintext review.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
- `text-classification`, `sentiment-classification`: The dataset is mainly used for text classification: given the content and the title, predict the correct star rating.
### Languages
Mainly English.
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
A typical data point, comprises of a title, a content and the corresponding label.
An example from the AmazonPolarity test set looks as follows:
```
{
'title':'Great CD',
'content':"My lovely Pat has one of the GREAT voices of her generation. I have listened to this CD for YEARS and I still LOVE IT. When I'm in a good mood it makes me feel better. A bad mood just evaporates like sugar in the rain. This CD just oozes LIFE. Vocals are jusat STUUNNING and lyrics just kill. One of life's hidden gems. This is a desert isle CD in my book. Why she never made it big is just beyond me. Everytime I play this, no matter black, white, young, old, male, female EVERYBODY says one thing ""Who was that singing ?""",
'label':1
}
```
### Data Fields
- 'title': a string containing the title of the review - escaped using double quotes (") and any internal double quote is escaped by 2 double quotes (""). New lines are escaped by a backslash followed with an "n" character, that is "\n".
- 'content': a string containing the body of the document - escaped using double quotes (") and any internal double quote is escaped by 2 double quotes (""). New lines are escaped by a backslash followed with an "n" character, that is "\n".
- 'label': either 1 (positive) or 0 (negative) rating.
### Data Splits
The Amazon reviews polarity dataset is constructed by taking review score 1 and 2 as negative, and 4 and 5 as positive. Samples of score 3 is ignored. Each class has 1,800,000 training samples and 200,000 testing samples.
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
The Amazon reviews polarity dataset is constructed by Xiang Zhang (xiang.zhang@nyu.edu). It is used as a text classification benchmark in the following paper: Xiang Zhang, Junbo Zhao, Yann LeCun. Character-level Convolutional Networks for Text Classification. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 28 (NIPS 2015).
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[Needs More Information]
#### Who are the source language producers?
[Needs More Information]
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[Needs More Information]
#### Who are the annotators?
[Needs More Information]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[Needs More Information]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[Needs More Information]
### Discussion of Biases
[Needs More Information]
### Other Known Limitations
[Needs More Information]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[Needs More Information]
### Licensing Information
Apache License 2.0
### Citation Information
McAuley, Julian, and Jure Leskovec. "Hidden factors and hidden topics: understanding rating dimensions with review text." In Proceedings of the 7th ACM conference on Recommender systems, pp. 165-172. 2013.
Xiang Zhang, Junbo Zhao, Yann LeCun. Character-level Convolutional Networks for Text Classification. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 28 (NIPS 2015)
### Contributions
Thanks to [@hfawaz](https://github.com/hfawaz) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for CIFAR-10
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** https://www.cs.toronto.edu/~kriz/cifar.html
- **Repository:**
- **Paper:** Learning Multiple Layers of Features from Tiny Images by Alex Krizhevsky
- **Leaderboard:**
- **Point of Contact:**
### Dataset Summary
The CIFAR-10 dataset consists of 60000 32x32 colour images in 10 classes, with 6000 images per class. There are 50000 training images and 10000 test images.
The dataset is divided into five training batches and one test batch, each with 10000 images. The test batch contains exactly 1000 randomly-selected images from each class. The training batches contain the remaining images in random order, but some training batches may contain more images from one class than another. Between them, the training batches contain exactly 5000 images from each class.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
- `image-classification`: The goal of this task is to classify a given image into one of 10 classes. The leaderboard is available [here](https://paperswithcode.com/sota/image-classification-on-cifar-10).
### Languages
English
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
A sample from the training set is provided below:
```
{
'img': <PIL.PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile image mode=RGB size=32x32 at 0x201FA6EE748>,
'label': 0
}
```
### Data Fields
- img: A `PIL.Image.Image` object containing the 32x32 image. Note that when accessing the image column: `dataset[0]["image"]` the image file is automatically decoded. Decoding of a large number of image files might take a significant amount of time. Thus it is important to first query the sample index before the `"image"` column, *i.e.* `dataset[0]["image"]` should **always** be preferred over `dataset["image"][0]`
- label: 0-9 with the following correspondence
0 airplane
1 automobile
2 bird
3 cat
4 deer
5 dog
6 frog
7 horse
8 ship
9 truck
### Data Splits
Train and Test
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed]
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed]
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed]
### Licensing Information
[More Information Needed]
### Citation Information
```
@TECHREPORT{Krizhevsky09learningmultiple,
author = {Alex Krizhevsky},
title = {Learning multiple layers of features from tiny images},
institution = {},
year = {2009}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@czabo](https://github.com/czabo) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for "race"
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~glai1/data/race/](http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~glai1/data/race/)
- **Repository:** https://github.com/qizhex/RACE_AR_baselines
- **Paper:** [RACE: Large-scale ReAding Comprehension Dataset From Examinations](https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.04683)
- **Point of Contact:** [Guokun Lai](mailto:guokun@cs.cmu.edu), [Qizhe Xie](mailto:qzxie@cs.cmu.edu)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 76.33 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 349.46 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 425.80 MB
### Dataset Summary
RACE is a large-scale reading comprehension dataset with more than 28,000 passages and nearly 100,000 questions. The
dataset is collected from English examinations in China, which are designed for middle school and high school students.
The dataset can be served as the training and test sets for machine comprehension.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Languages
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
#### all
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 25.44 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 174.73 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 200.17 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"answer": "A",
"article": "\"Schoolgirls have been wearing such short skirts at Paget High School in Branston that they've been ordered to wear trousers ins...",
"example_id": "high132.txt",
"options": ["short skirts give people the impression of sexualisation", "short skirts are too expensive for parents to afford", "the headmaster doesn't like girls wearing short skirts", "the girls wearing short skirts will be at the risk of being laughed at"],
"question": "The girls at Paget High School are not allowed to wear skirts in that _ ."
}
```
#### high
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 25.44 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 140.12 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 165.56 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"answer": "A",
"article": "\"Schoolgirls have been wearing such short skirts at Paget High School in Branston that they've been ordered to wear trousers ins...",
"example_id": "high132.txt",
"options": ["short skirts give people the impression of sexualisation", "short skirts are too expensive for parents to afford", "the headmaster doesn't like girls wearing short skirts", "the girls wearing short skirts will be at the risk of being laughed at"],
"question": "The girls at Paget High School are not allowed to wear skirts in that _ ."
}
```
#### middle
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 25.44 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 34.61 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 60.05 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"answer": "B",
"article": "\"There is not enough oil in the world now. As time goes by, it becomes less and less, so what are we going to do when it runs ou...",
"example_id": "middle3.txt",
"options": ["There is more petroleum than we can use now.", "Trees are needed for some other things besides making gas.", "We got electricity from ocean tides in the old days.", "Gas wasn't used to run cars in the Second World War."],
"question": "According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?"
}
```
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all splits.
#### all
- `example_id`: a `string` feature.
- `article`: a `string` feature.
- `answer`: a `string` feature.
- `question`: a `string` feature.
- `options`: a `list` of `string` features.
#### high
- `example_id`: a `string` feature.
- `article`: a `string` feature.
- `answer`: a `string` feature.
- `question`: a `string` feature.
- `options`: a `list` of `string` features.
#### middle
- `example_id`: a `string` feature.
- `article`: a `string` feature.
- `answer`: a `string` feature.
- `question`: a `string` feature.
- `options`: a `list` of `string` features.
### Data Splits
| name |train|validation|test|
|------|----:|---------:|---:|
|all |87866| 4887|4934|
|high |62445| 3451|3498|
|middle|25421| 1436|1436|
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Licensing Information
http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~glai1/data/race/
1. RACE dataset is available for non-commercial research purpose only.
2. All passages are obtained from the Internet which is not property of Carnegie Mellon University. We are not responsible for the content nor the meaning of these passages.
3. You agree not to reproduce, duplicate, copy, sell, trade, resell or exploit for any commercial purpose, any portion of the contexts and any portion of derived data.
4. We reserve the right to terminate your access to the RACE dataset at any time.
### Citation Information
```
@inproceedings{lai-etal-2017-race,
title = "{RACE}: Large-scale {R}e{A}ding Comprehension Dataset From Examinations",
author = "Lai, Guokun and
Xie, Qizhe and
Liu, Hanxiao and
Yang, Yiming and
Hovy, Eduard",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
month = sep,
year = "2017",
address = "Copenhagen, Denmark",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://aclanthology.org/D17-1082",
doi = "10.18653/v1/D17-1082",
pages = "785--794",
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@abarbosa94](https://github.com/abarbosa94), [@patrickvonplaten](https://github.com/patrickvonplaten), [@lewtun](https://github.com/lewtun), [@thomwolf](https://github.com/thomwolf), [@mariamabarham](https://github.com/mariamabarham) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for Alpaca
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** https://crfm.stanford.edu/2023/03/13/alpaca.html
- **Repository:** https://github.com/tatsu-lab/stanford_alpaca
- **Paper:**
- **Leaderboard:**
- **Point of Contact:** Rohan Taori
### Dataset Summary
Alpaca is a dataset of 52,000 instructions and demonstrations generated by OpenAI's `text-davinci-003` engine. This instruction data can be used to conduct instruction-tuning for language models and make the language model follow instruction better.
The authors built on the data generation pipeline from [Self-Instruct framework](https://github.com/yizhongw/self-instruct) and made the following modifications:
- The `text-davinci-003` engine to generate the instruction data instead of `davinci`.
- A [new prompt](https://github.com/tatsu-lab/stanford_alpaca/blob/main/prompt.txt) was written that explicitly gave the requirement of instruction generation to `text-davinci-003`.
- Much more aggressive batch decoding was used, i.e., generating 20 instructions at once, which significantly reduced the cost of data generation.
- The data generation pipeline was simplified by discarding the difference between classification and non-classification instructions.
- Only a single instance was generated for each instruction, instead of 2 to 3 instances as in Self-Instruct.
This produced an instruction-following dataset with 52K examples obtained at a much lower cost (less than $500).
In a preliminary study, the authors also found that the 52K generated data to be much more diverse than the data released by [Self-Instruct](https://github.com/yizhongw/self-instruct/blob/main/data/seed_tasks.jsonl).
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
The Alpaca dataset designed for instruction training pretrained language models.
### Languages
The data in Alpaca are in English (BCP-47 en).
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
An example of "train" looks as follows:
```json
{
"instruction": "Create a classification task by clustering the given list of items.",
"input": "Apples, oranges, bananas, strawberries, pineapples",
"output": "Class 1: Apples, Oranges\nClass 2: Bananas, Strawberries\nClass 3: Pineapples",
"text": "Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.\n\n### Instruction:\nCreate a classification task by clustering the given list of items.\n\n### Input:\nApples, oranges, bananas, strawberries, pineapples\n\n### Response:\nClass 1: Apples, Oranges\nClass 2: Bananas, Strawberries\nClass 3: Pineapples",
}
```
### Data Fields
The data fields are as follows:
* `instruction`: describes the task the model should perform. Each of the 52K instructions is unique.
* `input`: optional context or input for the task. For example, when the instruction is "Summarize the following article", the input is the article. Around 40% of the examples have an input.
* `output`: the answer to the instruction as generated by `text-davinci-003`.
* `text`: the `instruction`, `input` and `output` formatted with the [prompt template](https://github.com/tatsu-lab/stanford_alpaca#data-release) used by the authors for fine-tuning their models.
### Data Splits
| | train |
|---------------|------:|
| alpaca | 52002 |
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed]
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed]
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
Excerpt the [blog post](https://crfm.stanford.edu/2023/03/13/alpaca.html) accompanying the release of this dataset:
> We believe that releasing the above assets will enable the academic community to perform controlled scientific studies on instruction-following language models, resulting in better science and ultimately new techniques to address the existing deficiencies with these models. At the same time, any release carries some risk. First, we recognize that releasing our training recipe reveals the feasibility of certain capabilities. On one hand, this enables more people (including bad actors) to create models that could cause harm (either intentionally or not). On the other hand, this awareness might incentivize swift defensive action, especially from the academic community, now empowered by the means to perform deeper safety research on such models. Overall, we believe that the benefits for the research community outweigh the risks of this particular release. Given that we are releasing the training recipe, we believe that releasing the data, model weights, and training code incur minimal further risk, given the simplicity of the recipe. At the same time, releasing these assets has enormous benefits for reproducible science, so that the academic community can use standard datasets, models, and code to perform controlled comparisons and to explore extensions. Deploying an interactive demo for Alpaca also poses potential risks, such as more widely disseminating harmful content and lowering the barrier for spam, fraud, or disinformation. We have put into place two risk mitigation strategies. First, we have implemented a content filter using OpenAI’s content moderation API, which filters out harmful content as defined by OpenAI’s usage policies. Second, we watermark all the model outputs using the method described in Kirchenbauer et al. 2023, so that others can detect (with some probability) whether an output comes from Alpaca 7B. Finally, we have strict terms and conditions for using the demo; it is restricted to non-commercial uses and to uses that follow LLaMA’s license agreement. We understand that these mitigation measures can be circumvented once we release the model weights or if users train their own instruction-following models. However, by installing these mitigations, we hope to advance the best practices and ultimately develop community norms for the responsible deployment of foundation models.
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
The `alpaca` data is generated by a language model (`text-davinci-003`) and inevitably contains some errors or biases. We encourage users to use this data with caution and propose new methods to filter or improve the imperfections.
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed]
### Licensing Information
The dataset is available under the [Creative Commons NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode).
### Citation Information
```
@misc{alpaca,
author = {Rohan Taori and Ishaan Gulrajani and Tianyi Zhang and Yann Dubois and Xuechen Li and Carlos Guestrin and Percy Liang and Tatsunori B. Hashimoto },
title = {Stanford Alpaca: An Instruction-following LLaMA model},
year = {2023},
publisher = {GitHub},
journal = {GitHub repository},
howpublished = {\url{https://github.com/tatsu-lab/stanford_alpaca}},
}
```
### Contributions
[More Information Needed] |
false |
# klej-dyk
## Description
The Czy wiesz? (eng. Did you know?) the dataset consists of almost 5k question-answer pairs obtained from Czy wiesz... section of Polish Wikipedia. Each question is written by a Wikipedia collaborator and is answered with a link to a relevant Wikipedia article. In huggingface version of this dataset, they chose the negatives which have the largest token overlap with a question.
## Tasks (input, output, and metrics)
The task is to predict if the answer to the given question is correct or not.
**Input** ('question sentence', 'answer' columns): question and answer sentences
**Output** ('target' column): 1 if the answer is correct, 0 otherwise.
**Domain**: Wikipedia
**Measurements**: F1-Score
**Example**:
Input: `Czym zajmowali się świątnicy?` ; `Świątnik – osoba, która dawniej zajmowała się
obsługą kościoła (świątyni).`
Input (translated by DeepL): `What did the sacristans do?` ; `A sacristan - a person who used to be in charge of the handling the church (temple).`
Output: `1` (the answer is correct)
## Data splits
| Subset | Cardinality |
| ----------- | ----------: |
| train | 4154 |
| val | 0 |
| test | 1029 |
## Class distribution
| Class | train | validation | test |
|:----------|--------:|-------------:|-------:|
| incorrect | 0.831 | - | 0.831 |
| correct | 0.169 | - | 0.169 |
## Citation
```
@misc{11321/39,
title = {Pytania i odpowiedzi z serwisu wikipedyjnego "Czy wiesz", wersja 1.1},
author = {Marci{\'n}czuk, Micha{\l} and Piasecki, Dominik and Piasecki, Maciej and Radziszewski, Adam},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/11321/39},
note = {{CLARIN}-{PL} digital repository},
year = {2013}
}
```
## License
```
Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0 licence (CC-BY-SA 3.0)
```
## Links
[HuggingFace](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dyk)
[Source](http://nlp.pwr.wroc.pl/en/tools-and-resources/resources/czy-wiesz-question-answering-dataset)
[Source #2](https://clarin-pl.eu/dspace/handle/11321/39)
[Paper](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272685895_Open_dataset_for_development_of_Polish_Question_Answering_systems)
## Examples
### Loading
```python
from pprint import pprint
from datasets import load_dataset
dataset = load_dataset("allegro/klej-dyk")
pprint(dataset['train'][100])
#{'answer': '"W wyborach prezydenckich w 2004 roku, Moroz przekazał swoje '
# 'poparcie Wiktorowi Juszczence. Po wyborach w 2006 socjaliści '
# 'początkowo tworzyli ""pomarańczową koalicję"" z Naszą Ukrainą i '
# 'Blokiem Julii Tymoszenko."',
# 'q_id': 'czywiesz4362',
# 'question': 'ile partii tworzy powołaną przez Wiktora Juszczenkę koalicję '
# 'Blok Nasza Ukraina?',
# 'target': 0}
```
### Evaluation
```python
import random
from pprint import pprint
from datasets import load_dataset, load_metric
dataset = load_dataset("allegro/klej-dyk")
dataset = dataset.class_encode_column("target")
references = dataset["test"]["target"]
# generate random predictions
predictions = [random.randrange(max(references) + 1) for _ in range(len(references))]
acc = load_metric("accuracy")
f1 = load_metric("f1")
acc_score = acc.compute(predictions=predictions, references=references)
f1_score = f1.compute(predictions=predictions, references=references, average="macro")
pprint(acc_score)
pprint(f1_score)
# {'accuracy': 0.5286686103012633}
# {'f1': 0.46700507614213194}
``` |
false |
# Dataset Card for "common_gen"
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [https://inklab.usc.edu/CommonGen/index.html](https://inklab.usc.edu/CommonGen/index.html)
- **Repository:** https://github.com/INK-USC/CommonGen
- **Paper:** [CommonGen: A Constrained Text Generation Challenge for Generative Commonsense Reasoning](https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.03705)
- **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 1.85 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 7.21 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 9.06 MB
### Dataset Summary
CommonGen is a constrained text generation task, associated with a benchmark dataset,
to explicitly test machines for the ability of generative commonsense reasoning. Given
a set of common concepts; the task is to generate a coherent sentence describing an
everyday scenario using these concepts.
CommonGen is challenging because it inherently requires 1) relational reasoning using
background commonsense knowledge, and 2) compositional generalization ability to work
on unseen concept combinations. Our dataset, constructed through a combination of
crowd-sourcing from AMT and existing caption corpora, consists of 30k concept-sets and
50k sentences in total.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Languages
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
#### default
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 1.85 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 7.21 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 9.06 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"concept_set_idx": 0,
"concepts": ["ski", "mountain", "skier"],
"target": "Three skiers are skiing on a snowy mountain."
}
```
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all splits.
#### default
- `concept_set_idx`: a `int32` feature.
- `concepts`: a `list` of `string` features.
- `target`: a `string` feature.
### Data Splits
| name |train|validation|test|
|-------|----:|---------:|---:|
|default|67389| 4018|1497|
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Licensing Information
The dataset is licensed under [MIT License](https://github.com/INK-USC/CommonGen/blob/master/LICENSE).
### Citation Information
```bib
@inproceedings{lin-etal-2020-commongen,
title = "{C}ommon{G}en: A Constrained Text Generation Challenge for Generative Commonsense Reasoning",
author = "Lin, Bill Yuchen and
Zhou, Wangchunshu and
Shen, Ming and
Zhou, Pei and
Bhagavatula, Chandra and
Choi, Yejin and
Ren, Xiang",
booktitle = "Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2020",
month = nov,
year = "2020",
address = "Online",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.findings-emnlp.165",
doi = "10.18653/v1/2020.findings-emnlp.165",
pages = "1823--1840"
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@JetRunner](https://github.com/JetRunner), [@yuchenlin](https://github.com/yuchenlin), [@thomwolf](https://github.com/thomwolf), [@lhoestq](https://github.com/lhoestq) for adding this dataset. |
true |
# Dataset Card for RAFT
## Table of Contents
- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** https://raft.elicit.org
- **Repository:** https://huggingface.co/datasets/ought/raft
- **Paper:** [arxiv.org](https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.14076)
- **Leaderboard:** https://huggingface.co/spaces/ought/raft-leaderboard
- **Point of Contact:** [Eli Lifland](eli.d.lifland@gmail.com)
### Dataset Summary
The Real-world Annotated Few-shot Tasks (RAFT) dataset is an aggregation of English-language datasets found in the real world. Associated with each dataset is a binary or multiclass classification task, intended to improve our understanding of how language models perform on tasks that have concrete, real-world value. Only 50 labeled examples are provided in each dataset.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
- `text-classification`: Each subtask in RAFT is a text classification task, and the provided train and test sets can be used to submit to the [RAFT Leaderboard](https://huggingface.co/spaces/ought/raft-leaderboard) To prevent overfitting and tuning on a held-out test set, the leaderboard is only evaluated once per week. Each task has its macro-f1 score calculated, then those scores are averaged to produce the overall leaderboard score.
### Languages
RAFT is entirely in American English (en-US).
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
| Dataset | First Example |
| ----------- | ----------- |
| Ade Corpus V2 | <pre>Sentence: No regional side effects were noted.<br>ID: 0<br>Label: 2</pre> |
| Banking 77 | <pre>Query: Is it possible for me to change my PIN number?<br>ID: 0<br>Label: 23<br></pre> |
| NeurIPS Impact Statement Risks | <pre>Paper title: Auto-Panoptic: Cooperative Multi-Component Architecture Search for Panoptic Segmentation...<br>Paper link: https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper/2020/file/ec1f764517b7ffb52057af6df18142b7-Paper.pdf...<br>Impact statement: This work makes the first attempt to search for all key components of panoptic pipeline and manages to accomplish this via the p...<br>ID: 0<br>Label: 1</pre> |
| One Stop English | <pre>Article: For 85 years, it was just a grey blob on classroom maps of the solar system. But, on 15 July, Pluto was seen in high resolution ...<br>ID: 0<br>Label: 3<br></pre> |
| Overruling | <pre>Sentence: in light of both our holding today and previous rulings in johnson, dueser, and gronroos, we now explicitly overrule dupree....<br>ID: 0<br>Label: 2<br></pre> |
| Semiconductor Org Types | <pre>Paper title: 3Gb/s AC-coupled chip-to-chip communication using a low-swing pulse receiver...<br>Organization name: North Carolina State Univ.,Raleigh,NC,USA<br>ID: 0<br>Label: 3<br></pre> |
| Systematic Review Inclusion | <pre>Title: Prototyping and transforming facial textures for perception research...<br>Abstract: Wavelet based methods for prototyping facial textures for artificially transforming the age of facial images were described. Pro...<br>Authors: Tiddeman, B.; Burt, M.; Perrett, D.<br>Journal: IEEE Comput Graphics Appl<br>ID: 0<br>Label: 2</pre> |
| TAI Safety Research | <pre>Title: Malign generalization without internal search<br>Abstract Note: In my last post, I challenged the idea that inner alignment failures should be explained by appealing to agents which perform ex...<br>Url: https://www.alignmentforum.org/posts/ynt9TD6PrYw6iT49m/malign-generalization-without-internal-search...<br>Publication Year: 2020<br>Item Type: blogPost<br>Author: Barnett, Matthew<br>Publication Title: AI Alignment Forum<br>ID: 0<br>Label: 1</pre> |
| Terms Of Service | <pre>Sentence: Crowdtangle may change these terms of service, as described above, notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in any agreemen...<br>ID: 0<br>Label: 2<br></pre> |
| Tweet Eval Hate | <pre>Tweet: New to Twitter-- any men on here know what the process is to get #verified?...<br>ID: 0<br>Label: 2<br></pre> |
| Twitter Complaints | <pre>Tweet text: @HMRCcustomers No this is my first job<br>ID: 0<br>Label: 2</pre> |
### Data Fields
The ID field is used for indexing data points. It will be used to match your submissions with the true test labels, so you must include it in your submission. All other columns contain textual data. Some contain links and URLs to websites on the internet.
All output fields are designated with the "Label" column header. The 0 value in this column indicates that the entry is unlabeled, and should only appear in the unlabeled test set. Other values in this column are various other labels. To get their textual value for a given dataset:
```
# Load the dataset
dataset = datasets.load_dataset("ought/raft", "ade_corpus_v2")
# First, get the object that holds information about the "Label" feature in the dataset.
label_info = dataset.features["Label"]
# Use the int2str method to access the textual labels.
print([label_info.int2str(i) for i in (0, 1, 2)])
# ['Unlabeled', 'ADE-related', 'not ADE-related']
```
### Data Splits
There are two splits provided: train data and unlabeled test data.
The training examples were chosen at random. No attempt was made to ensure that classes were balanced or proportional in the training data -- indeed, the Banking 77 task with 77 different classes if used cannot fit all of its classes into the 50 training examples.
| Dataset | Train Size | Test Size | |
|--------------------------------|------------|-----------|---|
| Ade Corpus V2 | 50 | 5000 | |
| Banking 77 | 50 | 5000 | |
| NeurIPS Impact Statement Risks | 50 | 150 | |
| One Stop English | 50 | 516 | |
| Overruling | 50 | 2350 | |
| Semiconductor Org Types | 50 | 449 | |
| Systematic Review Inclusion | 50 | 2243 | |
| TAI Safety Research | 50 | 1639 | |
| Terms Of Service | 50 | 5000 | |
| Tweet Eval Hate | 50 | 2966 | |
| Twitter Complaints | 50 | 3399 | |
| **Total** | **550** | **28712** | |
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
Generally speaking, the rationale behind RAFT was to create a benchmark for evaluating NLP models that didn't consist of contrived or artificial data sources, for which the tasks weren't originally assembled for the purpose of testing NLP models. However, each individual dataset in RAFT was collected independently. For the majority of datasets, we only collected them second-hand from existing curated sources. The datasets that we curated are:
* NeurIPS impact statement risks
* Semiconductor org types
* TAI Safety Research
Each of these three datasets was sourced from our existing collaborators at Ought. They had used our service, Elicit, to analyze their dataset in the past, and we contact them to include their dataset and the associated classification task in the benchmark. For all datasets, more information is provided in our paper. For the ones which we did not curate, we provide a link to the dataset. For the ones which we did, we provide a datasheet that elaborates on many of the topics here in greater detail.
For the three datasets that we introduced:
* **NeurIPS impact statement risks** The dataset was created to evaluate the then new requirement for authors to include an "impact statement" in their 2020 NeurIPS papers. Had it been successful? What kind of things did authors mention the most? How long were impact statements on average? Etc.
* **Semiconductor org types** The dataset was originally created to understand better which countries’ organisations have contributed most to semiconductor R\&D over the past 25 years using three main conferences. Moreover, to estimate the share of academic and private sector contributions, the organisations were classified as “university”, “research institute” or “company”.
* **TAI Safety Research** The primary motivations for assembling this database were to: (1) Aid potential donors in assessing organizations focusing on TAI safety by collecting and analyzing their research output. (2) Assemble a comprehensive bibliographic database that can be used as a base for future projects, such as a living review of the field.
**For the following sections, we will only describe the datasets we introduce. All other dataset details, and more details on the ones described here, can be found in our paper.**
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
* **NeurIPS impact statement risks** The data was directly observable (raw text scraped) for the most part; although some data was taken from previous datasets (which themselves had taken it from raw text). The data was validated, but only in part, by human reviewers. Cf this link for full details:
* **Semiconductor org types** We used the IEEE API to obtain institutions that contributed papers to semiconductor conferences in the last 25 years. This is a random sample of 500 of them with a corresponding conference paper title. The three conferences were the International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC), the Symposia on VLSI Technology and Circuits (VLSI) and the International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM).
* **TAI Safety Research** We asked TAI safety organizations for what their employees had written, emailed some individual authors, and searched Google Scholar. See the LessWrong post for more details: https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/4DegbDJJiMX2b3EKm/tai-safety-bibliographic-database
#### Who are the source language producers?
* **NeurIPS impact statement risks** Language generated from NeurIPS 2020 impact statement authors, generally the authors of submission papers.
* **Semiconductor org types** Language generated from IEEE API. Generally machine-formatted names, and title of academic papers.
* **TAI Safety Research** Language generated by authors of TAI safety research publications.
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
* **NeurIPS impact statement risks** Annotations were entered directly into a Google Spreadsheet with instructions, labeled training examples, and unlabeled testing examples.
* **Semiconductor org types** Annotations were entered directly into a Google Spreadsheet with instructions, labeled training examples, and unlabeled testing examples.
* **TAI Safety Research** N/A
#### Who are the annotators?
* **NeurIPS impact statement risks** Contractors paid by Ought performed the labeling of whether impact statements mention harmful applications. A majority vote was taken from 3 annotators.
* **Semiconductor org types** Contractors paid by Ought performed the labeling of organization types. A majority vote was taken from 3 annotators.
* **TAI Safety Research** The dataset curators annotated the dataset by hand.
### Personal and Sensitive Information
It is worth mentioning that the Tweet Eval Hate, by necessity, contains highly offensive content.
* **NeurIPS impact statement risks** The dataset contains authors' names. These were scraped from publicly available scientific papers submitted to NeurIPS 2020.
* **Semiconductor org types** N/A
* **TAI Safety Research** N/A
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
* **NeurIPS impact statement risks** N/A
* **Semiconductor org types** N/A
* **TAI Safety Research** N/A
### Discussion of Biases
* **NeurIPS impact statement risks** N/A
* **Semiconductor org types** N/A
* **TAI Safety Research** N/A
### Other Known Limitations
* **NeurIPS impact statement risks** This dataset has limitations that should be taken into consideration when using it. In particular, the method used to collect broader impact statements involved automated downloads, conversions and scraping and was not error-proof. Although care has been taken to identify and correct as many errors as possible, not all texts have been reviewed by a human. This means it is possible some of the broader impact statements contained in the dataset are truncated or otherwise incorrectly extracted from their original article.
* **Semiconductor org types** N/A
* **TAI Safety Research** Don't use it to create a dangerous AI that could bring the end of days.
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
The overall RAFT curators are Neel Alex, Eli Lifland, and Andreas Stuhlmüller.
* **NeurIPS impact statement risks** Volunteers working with researchers affiliated to Oxford's Future of Humanity Institute (Carolyn Ashurst, now at The Alan Turing Institute) created the impact statements dataset.
* **Semiconductor org types** The data science unit of Stiftung Neue Verantwortung (Berlin).
* **TAI Safety Research** Angelica Deibel and Jess Riedel. We did not do it on behalf of any entity.
### Licensing Information
RAFT aggregates many other datasets, each of which is provided under its own license. Generally, those licenses permit research and commercial use.
| Dataset | License |
| ----------- | ----------- |
| Ade Corpus V2 | Unlicensed |
| Banking 77 | CC BY 4.0 |
| NeurIPS Impact Statement Risks | MIT License/CC BY 4.0 |
| One Stop English | CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Overruling | Unlicensed |
| Semiconductor Org Types | CC BY-NC 4.0 |
| Systematic Review Inclusion | CC BY 4.0 |
| TAI Safety Research | CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Terms Of Service | Unlicensed |
| Tweet Eval Hate | Unlicensed |
| Twitter Complaints | Unlicensed |
### Citation Information
[More Information Needed]
### Contributions
Thanks to [@neel-alex](https://github.com/neel-alex), [@uvafan](https://github.com/uvafan), and [@lewtun](https://github.com/lewtun) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for "tydiqa"
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [https://github.com/google-research-datasets/tydiqa](https://github.com/google-research-datasets/tydiqa)
- **Repository:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Paper:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 3.91 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 6.10 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 10.00 GB
### Dataset Summary
TyDi QA is a question answering dataset covering 11 typologically diverse languages with 204K question-answer pairs.
The languages of TyDi QA are diverse with regard to their typology -- the set of linguistic features that each language
expresses -- such that we expect models performing well on this set to generalize across a large number of the languages
in the world. It contains language phenomena that would not be found in English-only corpora. To provide a realistic
information-seeking task and avoid priming effects, questions are written by people who want to know the answer, but
don’t know the answer yet, (unlike SQuAD and its descendents) and the data is collected directly in each language without
the use of translation (unlike MLQA and XQuAD).
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Languages
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
#### primary_task
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 1.95 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 6.04 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 7.99 GB
An example of 'validation' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"annotations": {
"minimal_answers_end_byte": [-1, -1, -1],
"minimal_answers_start_byte": [-1, -1, -1],
"passage_answer_candidate_index": [-1, -1, -1],
"yes_no_answer": ["NONE", "NONE", "NONE"]
},
"document_plaintext": "\"\\nรองศาสตราจารย์[1] หม่อมราชวงศ์สุขุมพันธุ์ บริพัตร (22 กันยายน 2495 -) ผู้ว่าราชการกรุงเทพมหานครคนที่ 15 อดีตรองหัวหน้าพรรคปร...",
"document_title": "หม่อมราชวงศ์สุขุมพันธุ์ บริพัตร",
"document_url": "\"https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%...",
"language": "thai",
"passage_answer_candidates": "{\"plaintext_end_byte\": [494, 1779, 2931, 3904, 4506, 5588, 6383, 7122, 8224, 9375, 10473, 12563, 15134, 17765, 19863, 21902, 229...",
"question_text": "\"หม่อมราชวงศ์สุขุมพันธุ์ บริพัตร เรียนจบจากที่ไหน ?\"..."
}
```
#### secondary_task
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 1.95 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 58.03 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 2.01 GB
An example of 'validation' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"answers": {
"answer_start": [394],
"text": ["بطولتين"]
},
"context": "\"أقيمت البطولة 21 مرة، شارك في النهائيات 78 دولة، وعدد الفرق التي فازت بالبطولة حتى الآن 8 فرق، ويعد المنتخب البرازيلي الأكثر تت...",
"id": "arabic-2387335860751143628-1",
"question": "\"كم عدد مرات فوز الأوروغواي ببطولة كاس العالم لكرو القدم؟\"...",
"title": "قائمة نهائيات كأس العالم"
}
```
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all splits.
#### primary_task
- `passage_answer_candidates`: a dictionary feature containing:
- `plaintext_start_byte`: a `int32` feature.
- `plaintext_end_byte`: a `int32` feature.
- `question_text`: a `string` feature.
- `document_title`: a `string` feature.
- `language`: a `string` feature.
- `annotations`: a dictionary feature containing:
- `passage_answer_candidate_index`: a `int32` feature.
- `minimal_answers_start_byte`: a `int32` feature.
- `minimal_answers_end_byte`: a `int32` feature.
- `yes_no_answer`: a `string` feature.
- `document_plaintext`: a `string` feature.
- `document_url`: a `string` feature.
#### secondary_task
- `id`: a `string` feature.
- `title`: a `string` feature.
- `context`: a `string` feature.
- `question`: a `string` feature.
- `answers`: a dictionary feature containing:
- `text`: a `string` feature.
- `answer_start`: a `int32` feature.
### Data Splits
| name | train | validation |
| -------------- | -----: | ---------: |
| primary_task | 166916 | 18670 |
| secondary_task | 49881 | 5077 |
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Licensing Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Citation Information
```
@article{tydiqa,
title = {TyDi QA: A Benchmark for Information-Seeking Question Answering in Typologically Diverse Languages},
author = {Jonathan H. Clark and Eunsol Choi and Michael Collins and Dan Garrette and Tom Kwiatkowski and Vitaly Nikolaev and Jennimaria Palomaki}
year = {2020},
journal = {Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@thomwolf](https://github.com/thomwolf), [@albertvillanova](https://github.com/albertvillanova), [@lewtun](https://github.com/lewtun), [@patrickvonplaten](https://github.com/patrickvonplaten) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for [Dataset Name]
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:**[sardware](http://opus.nlpl.eu/EUconst.php)
- **Repository:**
- **Paper:**
- **Leaderboard:**
- **Point of Contact:**
### Dataset Summary
A parallel corpus collected from the European Constitution.
21 languages, 210 bitexts
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
The underlying task is machine translation.
### Languages
[More Information Needed]
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
[More Information Needed]
### Data Fields
[More Information Needed]
### Data Splits
[More Information Needed]
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed]
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed]
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed]
### Licensing Information
[More Information Needed]
### Citation Information
J. Tiedemann, 2012, Parallel Data, Tools and Interfaces in OPUS. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2012)
### Contributions
Thanks to [@patil-suraj](https://github.com/patil-suraj) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for Gigaword
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Repository:** [Gigaword repository](https://github.com/harvardnlp/sent-summary)
- **Leaderboard:** [Gigaword leaderboard](https://paperswithcode.com/sota/text-summarization-on-gigaword)
- **Paper:** [A Neural Attention Model for Abstractive Sentence Summarization](https://arxiv.org/abs/1509.00685)
- **Point of Contact:** [Alexander Rush](mailto:arush@cornell.edu)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 578.41 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 962.96 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 1.54 GB
### Dataset Summary
Headline-generation on a corpus of article pairs from Gigaword consisting of
around 4 million articles. Use the 'org_data' provided by
https://github.com/microsoft/unilm/ which is identical to
https://github.com/harvardnlp/sent-summary but with better format.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
- `summarization`: This dataset can be used for Summarization, where given a dicument, the goal is to predict its summery. The model performance is evaluated using the [ROUGE](https://huggingface.co/metrics/rouge) metric. The leaderboard for this task is available [here](https://paperswithcode.com/sota/text-summarization-on-gigaword).
### Languages
English.
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
'document': "australia 's current account deficit shrunk by a record #.## billion dollars -lrb- #.## billion us -rrb- in the june quarter due to soaring commodity prices , figures released monday showed .",
'summary': 'australian current account deficit narrows sharply'
}
```
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all splits.
- `document`: a `string` feature.
- `summary`: a `string` feature.
### Data Splits
| name | train |validation|test|
|-------|------:|---------:|---:|
|default|3803957| 189651|1951|
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
From the paper:
> For our training set, we pair the headline of each article with its first sentence to create an inputsummary pair. While the model could in theory be trained on any pair, Gigaword contains many spurious headline-article pairs. We therefore prune training based on the following heuristic filters: (1) Are there no non-stop-words in common? (2) Does the title contain a byline or other extraneous editing marks? (3) Does the title have a question mark or colon? After applying these filters, the training set consists of roughly J = 4 million title-article pairs. We apply a minimal preprocessing step using PTB tokenization, lower-casing, replacing all digit characters with #, and replacing of word types seen less than 5 times with UNK. We also remove all articles from the time-period of the DUC evaluation. release.
The complete input training vocabulary consists of 119 million word tokens and 110K unique word types with an average sentence size of 31.3 words. The headline vocabulary consists of 31 million tokens and 69K word types with the average title of length 8.3 words (note that this is significantly shorter than the DUC summaries). On average there are 4.6 overlapping word types between the headline and the input; although only 2.6 in the
first 75-characters of the input.
#### Who are the source language producers?
From the paper:
> For training data for both tasks, we utilize the annotated Gigaword data set (Graff et al., 2003; Napoles et al., 2012), which consists of standard Gigaword, preprocessed with Stanford CoreNLP tools (Manning et al., 2014).
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
Annotations are inherited from the annotatated Gigaword data set.
Additional information from the paper:
> Our model only uses annotations for tokenization and sentence separation, although several of the baselines use parsing and tagging as well.
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Licensing Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Citation Information
```bibtex
@article{graff2003english,
title={English gigaword},
author={Graff, David and Kong, Junbo and Chen, Ke and Maeda, Kazuaki},
journal={Linguistic Data Consortium, Philadelphia},
volume={4},
number={1},
pages={34},
year={2003}
}
@article{Rush_2015,
title={A Neural Attention Model for Abstractive Sentence Summarization},
url={http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/D15-1044},
DOI={10.18653/v1/d15-1044},
journal={Proceedings of the 2015 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
publisher={Association for Computational Linguistics},
author={Rush, Alexander M. and Chopra, Sumit and Weston, Jason},
year={2015}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@lewtun](https://github.com/lewtun), [@lhoestq](https://github.com/lhoestq), [@thomwolf](https://github.com/thomwolf) for adding this dataset. |
true |
# Human ChatGPT Comparison Corpus (HC3)
We propose the first human-ChatGPT comparison corpus, named **HC3** dataset.
This dataset is introduced in our paper:
- Paper: [***How Close is ChatGPT to Human Experts? Comparison Corpus, Evaluation, and Detection***](https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.07597)
Code, models and analysis are available on our GitHub:
- GitHub: [**Chatgpt-Comparison-Detection project** 🔬](https://github.com/Hello-SimpleAI/chatgpt-comparison-detection)
# Dataset Copyright
If the source datasets used in this corpus has a specific license which is stricter than CC-BY-SA, our products follow the same. If not, they follow CC-BY-SA license.
See [dataset copyright](https://github.com/Hello-SimpleAI/chatgpt-comparison-detection#dataset-copyright).
# Citation
Checkout this papaer [arxiv: 2301.07597](https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.07597)
```
@article{guo-etal-2023-hc3,
title = "How Close is ChatGPT to Human Experts? Comparison Corpus, Evaluation, and Detection",
author = "Guo, Biyang and
Zhang, Xin and
Wang, Ziyuan and
Jiang, Minqi and
Nie, Jinran and
Ding, Yuxuan and
Yue, Jianwei and
Wu, Yupeng",
journal={arXiv preprint arxiv:2301.07597}
year = "2023",
}
``` |
false |
# Dataset Card for "qasc"
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [https://allenai.org/data/qasc](https://allenai.org/data/qasc)
- **Repository:** https://github.com/allenai/qasc/
- **Paper:** [QASC: A Dataset for Question Answering via Sentence Composition](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.11473)
- **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 1.61 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 5.87 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 7.49 MB
### Dataset Summary
QASC is a question-answering dataset with a focus on sentence composition. It consists of 9,980 8-way multiple-choice
questions about grade school science (8,134 train, 926 dev, 920 test), and comes with a corpus of 17M sentences.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Languages
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
#### default
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 1.61 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 5.87 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 7.49 MB
An example of 'validation' looks as follows.
```
{
"answerKey": "F",
"choices": {
"label": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G", "H"],
"text": ["sand", "occurs over a wide range", "forests", "Global warming", "rapid changes occur", "local weather conditions", "measure of motion", "city life"]
},
"combinedfact": "Climate is generally described in terms of local weather conditions",
"fact1": "Climate is generally described in terms of temperature and moisture.",
"fact2": "Fire behavior is driven by local weather conditions such as winds, temperature and moisture.",
"formatted_question": "Climate is generally described in terms of what? (A) sand (B) occurs over a wide range (C) forests (D) Global warming (E) rapid changes occur (F) local weather conditions (G) measure of motion (H) city life",
"id": "3NGI5ARFTT4HNGVWXAMLNBMFA0U1PG",
"question": "Climate is generally described in terms of what?"
}
```
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all splits.
#### default
- `id`: a `string` feature.
- `question`: a `string` feature.
- `choices`: a dictionary feature containing:
- `text`: a `string` feature.
- `label`: a `string` feature.
- `answerKey`: a `string` feature.
- `fact1`: a `string` feature.
- `fact2`: a `string` feature.
- `combinedfact`: a `string` feature.
- `formatted_question`: a `string` feature.
### Data Splits
| name |train|validation|test|
|-------|----:|---------:|---:|
|default| 8134| 926| 920|
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Licensing Information
The dataset is released under [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) license.
### Citation Information
```
@article{allenai:qasc,
author = {Tushar Khot and Peter Clark and Michal Guerquin and Peter Jansen and Ashish Sabharwal},
title = {QASC: A Dataset for Question Answering via Sentence Composition},
journal = {arXiv:1910.11473v2},
year = {2020},
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@thomwolf](https://github.com/thomwolf), [@patrickvonplaten](https://github.com/patrickvonplaten), [@lewtun](https://github.com/lewtun) for adding this dataset. |
true |
# Dataset Card for financial_phrasebank
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [Kaggle](https://www.kaggle.com/ankurzing/sentiment-analysis-for-financial-news) [ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/251231364_FinancialPhraseBank-v10)
- **Repository:**
- **Paper:** [Arxiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/1307.5336)
- **Leaderboard:** [Kaggle](https://www.kaggle.com/ankurzing/sentiment-analysis-for-financial-news/code) [PapersWithCode](https://paperswithcode.com/sota/sentiment-analysis-on-financial-phrasebank) =
- **Point of Contact:** [Pekka Malo](mailto:pekka.malo@aalto.fi) [Ankur Sinha](mailto:ankur.sinha@aalto.fi)
### Dataset Summary
Polar sentiment dataset of sentences from financial news. The dataset consists of 4840 sentences from English language financial news categorised by sentiment. The dataset is divided by agreement rate of 5-8 annotators.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
Sentiment Classification
### Languages
English
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
```
{ "sentence": "Pharmaceuticals group Orion Corp reported a fall in its third-quarter earnings that were hit by larger expenditures on R&D and marketing .",
"label": "negative"
}
```
### Data Fields
- sentence: a tokenized line from the dataset
- label: a label corresponding to the class as a string: 'positive', 'negative' or 'neutral'
### Data Splits
There's no train/validation/test split.
However the dataset is available in four possible configurations depending on the percentage of agreement of annotators:
`sentences_50agree`; Number of instances with >=50% annotator agreement: 4846
`sentences_66agree`: Number of instances with >=66% annotator agreement: 4217
`sentences_75agree`: Number of instances with >=75% annotator agreement: 3453
`sentences_allagree`: Number of instances with 100% annotator agreement: 2264
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
The key arguments for the low utilization of statistical techniques in
financial sentiment analysis have been the difficulty of implementation for
practical applications and the lack of high quality training data for building
such models. Especially in the case of finance and economic texts, annotated
collections are a scarce resource and many are reserved for proprietary use
only. To resolve the missing training data problem, we present a collection of
∼ 5000 sentences to establish human-annotated standards for benchmarking
alternative modeling techniques.
The objective of the phrase level annotation task was to classify each example
sentence into a positive, negative or neutral category by considering only the
information explicitly available in the given sentence. Since the study is
focused only on financial and economic domains, the annotators were asked to
consider the sentences from the view point of an investor only; i.e. whether
the news may have positive, negative or neutral influence on the stock price.
As a result, sentences which have a sentiment that is not relevant from an
economic or financial perspective are considered neutral.
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
The corpus used in this paper is made out of English news on all listed
companies in OMX Helsinki. The news has been downloaded from the LexisNexis
database using an automated web scraper. Out of this news database, a random
subset of 10,000 articles was selected to obtain good coverage across small and
large companies, companies in different industries, as well as different news
sources. Following the approach taken by Maks and Vossen (2010), we excluded
all sentences which did not contain any of the lexicon entities. This reduced
the overall sample to 53,400 sentences, where each has at least one or more
recognized lexicon entity. The sentences were then classified according to the
types of entity sequences detected. Finally, a random sample of ∼5000 sentences
was chosen to represent the overall news database.
#### Who are the source language producers?
The source data was written by various financial journalists.
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
This release of the financial phrase bank covers a collection of 4840
sentences. The selected collection of phrases was annotated by 16 people with
adequate background knowledge on financial markets.
Given the large number of overlapping annotations (5 to 8 annotations per
sentence), there are several ways to define a majority vote based gold
standard. To provide an objective comparison, we have formed 4 alternative
reference datasets based on the strength of majority agreement:
#### Who are the annotators?
Three of the annotators were researchers and the remaining 13 annotators were
master's students at Aalto University School of Business with majors primarily
in finance, accounting, and economics.
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
All annotators were from the same institution and so interannotator agreement
should be understood with this taken into account.
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed]
### Licensing Information
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/.
If you are interested in commercial use of the data, please contact the following authors for an appropriate license:
- [Pekka Malo](mailto:pekka.malo@aalto.fi)
- [Ankur Sinha](mailto:ankur.sinha@aalto.fi)
### Citation Information
```
@article{Malo2014GoodDO,
title={Good debt or bad debt: Detecting semantic orientations in economic texts},
author={P. Malo and A. Sinha and P. Korhonen and J. Wallenius and P. Takala},
journal={Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology},
year={2014},
volume={65}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@frankier](https://github.com/frankier) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for WikiHop
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [QAngaroo](http://qangaroo.cs.ucl.ac.uk/)
- **Repository:** [If the dataset is hosted on github or has a github homepage, add URL here]()
- **Paper:** [Constructing Datasets for Multi-hop Reading Comprehension Across Documents](https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.06481)
- **Leaderboard:** [leaderboard](http://qangaroo.cs.ucl.ac.uk/leaderboard.html)
- **Point of Contact:** [Johannes Welbl](j.welbl@cs.ucl.ac.uk)
### Dataset Summary
[More Information Needed]
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed]
### Languages
[More Information Needed]
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
[More Information Needed]
### Data Fields
[More Information Needed]
### Data Splits
[More Information Needed]
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed]
### Source Data
[More Information Needed]
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed]
### Annotations
[More Information Needed]
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed]
### Licensing Information
[More Information Needed]
### Citation Information
[More Information Needed]
### Contributions
Thanks to [@patil-suraj](https://github.com/patil-suraj) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for "quartz"
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [https://allenai.org/data/quartz](https://allenai.org/data/quartz)
- **Repository:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Paper:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.49 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.72 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 2.22 MB
### Dataset Summary
QuaRTz is a crowdsourced dataset of 3864 multiple-choice questions about open domain qualitative relationships. Each
question is paired with one of 405 different background sentences (sometimes short paragraphs).
The QuaRTz dataset V1 contains 3864 questions about open domain qualitative relationships. Each question is paired with
one of 405 different background sentences (sometimes short paragraphs).
The dataset is split into train (2696), dev (384) and test (784). A background sentence will only appear in a single split.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Languages
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
#### default
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.49 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.72 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 2.22 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"answerKey": "A",
"choices": {
"label": ["A", "B"],
"text": ["higher", "lower"]
},
"id": "QRQA-10116-3",
"para": "Electrons at lower energy levels, which are closer to the nucleus, have less energy.",
"para_anno": {
"cause_dir_sign": "LESS",
"cause_dir_str": "closer",
"cause_prop": "distance from a nucleus",
"effect_dir_sign": "LESS",
"effect_dir_str": "less",
"effect_prop": "energy"
},
"para_id": "QRSent-10116",
"question": "Electrons further away from a nucleus have _____ energy levels than close ones.",
"question_anno": {
"less_cause_dir": "electron energy levels",
"less_cause_prop": "nucleus",
"less_effect_dir": "lower",
"less_effect_prop": "electron energy levels",
"more_effect_dir": "higher",
"more_effect_prop": "electron energy levels"
}
}
```
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all splits.
#### default
- `id`: a `string` feature.
- `question`: a `string` feature.
- `choices`: a dictionary feature containing:
- `text`: a `string` feature.
- `label`: a `string` feature.
- `answerKey`: a `string` feature.
- `para`: a `string` feature.
- `para_id`: a `string` feature.
- `effect_prop`: a `string` feature.
- `cause_dir_str`: a `string` feature.
- `effect_dir_str`: a `string` feature.
- `cause_dir_sign`: a `string` feature.
- `effect_dir_sign`: a `string` feature.
- `cause_prop`: a `string` feature.
- `more_effect_dir`: a `string` feature.
- `less_effect_dir`: a `string` feature.
- `less_cause_prop`: a `string` feature.
- `more_effect_prop`: a `string` feature.
- `less_effect_prop`: a `string` feature.
- `less_cause_dir`: a `string` feature.
### Data Splits
| name |train|validation|test|
|-------|----:|---------:|---:|
|default| 2696| 384| 784|
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Licensing Information
The dataset is licensed under Creative Commons [Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
### Citation Information
```
@InProceedings{quartz,
author = {Oyvind Tafjord and Matt Gardner and Kevin Lin and Peter Clark},
title = {"QUARTZ: An Open-Domain Dataset of Qualitative Relationship
Questions"},
year = {"2019"},
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@patrickvonplaten](https://github.com/patrickvonplaten), [@lewtun](https://github.com/lewtun), [@thomwolf](https://github.com/thomwolf) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for BookCorpus
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [https://yknzhu.wixsite.com/mbweb](https://yknzhu.wixsite.com/mbweb)
- **Repository:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Paper:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 1.18 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 4.85 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 6.03 GB
### Dataset Summary
Books are a rich source of both fine-grained information, how a character, an object or a scene looks like, as well as high-level semantics, what someone is thinking, feeling and how these states evolve through a story.This work aims to align books to their movie releases in order to providerich descriptive explanations for visual content that go semantically farbeyond the captions available in current datasets.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Languages
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
#### plain_text
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 1.18 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 4.85 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 6.03 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"text": "But I traded all my life for some lovin' and some gold"
}
```
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all splits.
#### plain_text
- `text`: a `string` feature.
### Data Splits
| name | train |
|----------|-------:|
|plain_text|74004228|
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Licensing Information
The books have been crawled from https://www.smashwords.com, see their [terms of service](https://www.smashwords.com/about/tos) for more information.
A data sheet for this dataset has also been created and published in [Addressing "Documentation Debt" in Machine Learning Research: A Retrospective Datasheet for BookCorpus](https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.05241).
### Citation Information
```
@InProceedings{Zhu_2015_ICCV,
title = {Aligning Books and Movies: Towards Story-Like Visual Explanations by Watching Movies and Reading Books},
author = {Zhu, Yukun and Kiros, Ryan and Zemel, Rich and Salakhutdinov, Ruslan and Urtasun, Raquel and Torralba, Antonio and Fidler, Sanja},
booktitle = {The IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)},
month = {December},
year = {2015}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@lewtun](https://github.com/lewtun), [@richarddwang](https://github.com/richarddwang), [@lhoestq](https://github.com/lhoestq), [@thomwolf](https://github.com/thomwolf) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for Multi-News
## Table of Contents
- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [https://github.com/Alex-Fabbri/Multi-News](https://github.com/Alex-Fabbri/Multi-News)
- **Repository:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Paper:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 256.96 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 700.18 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 957.14 MB
### Dataset Summary
Multi-News, consists of news articles and human-written summaries
of these articles from the site newser.com.
Each summary is professionally written by editors and
includes links to the original articles cited.
There are two features:
- document: text of news articles seperated by special token "|||||".
- summary: news summary.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Languages
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
#### default
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 256.96 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 700.18 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 957.14 MB
An example of 'validation' looks as follows.
```
{
"document": "some line val \n another line",
"summary": "target val line"
}
```
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all splits.
#### default
- `document`: a `string` feature.
- `summary`: a `string` feature.
### Data Splits
| name |train|validation|test|
|-------|----:|---------:|---:|
|default|44972| 5622|5622|
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Licensing Information
```
This Dataset Usage Agreement ("Agreement") is a legal agreement with LILY LAB for the Dataset made available to the individual or entity ("Researcher") exercising rights under this Agreement. "Dataset" includes all text, data, information, source code, and any related materials, documentation, files, media, updates or revisions.
The Dataset is intended for non-commercial research and educational purposes only, and is made available free of charge without extending any license or other intellectual property rights. By downloading or using the Dataset, the Researcher acknowledges that they agree to the terms in this Agreement, and represent and warrant that they have authority to do so on behalf of any entity exercising rights under this Agreement. The Researcher accepts and agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Agreement. If the Researcher does not agree to this Agreement, they may not download or use the Dataset.
By sharing content with m, such as by submitting content to this site or by corresponding with LILY LAB contributors, the Researcher grants LILY LAB the right to use, reproduce, display, perform, adapt, modify, distribute, have distributed, and promote the content in any form, anywhere and for any purpose, such as for evaluating and comparing summarization systems. Nothing in this Agreement shall obligate LILY LAB to provide any support for the Dataset. Any feedback, suggestions, ideas, comments, improvements given by the Researcher related to the Dataset is voluntarily given, and may be used by LILY LAB without obligation or restriction of any kind.
The Researcher accepts full responsibility for their use of the Dataset and shall defend indemnify, and hold harmless m, including their employees, trustees, officers, and agents, against any and all claims arising from the Researcher's use of the Dataset. The Researcher agrees to comply with all laws and regulations as they relate to access to and use of the Dataset and Service including U.S. export jurisdiction and other U.S. and international regulations.
THE DATASET IS PROVIDED "AS IS." LILY LAB DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. WITHOUT LIMITATION OF THE ABOVE, LILY LAB DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTY THAT DATASET IS BUG OR ERROR-FREE, AND GRANTS NO WARRANTY REGARDING ITS USE OR THE RESULTS THEREFROM INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ITS CORRECTNESS, ACCURACY, OR RELIABILITY. THE DATASET IS NOT WARRANTIED TO FULFILL ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSES OR NEEDS.
TO THE EXTENT NOT PROHIBITED BY LAW, IN NO EVENT SHALL LILY LAB BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOSS, DAMAGE OR INJURY, DIRECT AND INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE, ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF PROFITS, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. THESE LIMITATIONS SHALL APPLY NOTWITHSTANDING ANY FAILURE OF ESSENTIAL PURPOSE OF ANY LIMITED REMEDY.
This Agreement is effective until terminated. LILY LAB reserves the right to terminate the Researcher's access to the Dataset at any time. If the Researcher breaches this Agreement, the Researcher's rights to use the Dataset shall terminate automatically. The Researcher will immediately cease all use and distribution of the Dataset and destroy any copies or portions of the Dataset in their possession.
This Agreement is governed by the laws of the SOME_PLACE, without regard to conflict of law principles. All terms and provisions of this Agreement shall, if possible, be construed in a manner which makes them valid, but in the event any term or provision of this Agreement is found by a court of competent jurisdiction to be illegal or unenforceable, the validity or enforceability of the remainder of this Agreement shall not be affected.
This Agreement is the complete and exclusive agreement between the parties with respect to its subject matter and supersedes all prior or contemporaneous oral or written agreements or understandings relating to the subject matter.
```
### Citation Information
```
@misc{alex2019multinews,
title={Multi-News: a Large-Scale Multi-Document Summarization Dataset and Abstractive Hierarchical Model},
author={Alexander R. Fabbri and Irene Li and Tianwei She and Suyi Li and Dragomir R. Radev},
year={2019},
eprint={1906.01749},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.CL}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@patrickvonplaten](https://github.com/patrickvonplaten), [@lewtun](https://github.com/lewtun), [@thomwolf](https://github.com/thomwolf) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for mC4
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Card for mC4](#dataset-card-for-mc4)
- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Initial Data Collection and Normalization](#initial-data-collection-and-normalization)
- [Who are the source language producers?](#who-are-the-source-language-producers)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Annotation process](#annotation-process)
- [Who are the annotators?](#who-are-the-annotators)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/c4
- **Paper:** https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.10683
### Dataset Summary
A multilingual colossal, cleaned version of Common Crawl's web crawl corpus. Based on Common Crawl dataset: "https://commoncrawl.org".
This is the version prepared by AllenAI, hosted at this address: https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/c4
108 languages are available and are reported in the table below.
Note that the languages that end with "-Latn" are simply romanized variants, i.e. written using the Latin script.
| language code | language name |
|:----------------|:---------------------|
| af | Afrikaans |
| am | Amharic |
| ar | Arabic |
| az | Azerbaijani |
| be | Belarusian |
| bg | Bulgarian |
| bg-Latn | Bulgarian (Latin) |
| bn | Bangla |
| ca | Catalan |
| ceb | Cebuano |
| co | Corsican |
| cs | Czech |
| cy | Welsh |
| da | Danish |
| de | German |
| el | Greek |
| el-Latn | Greek (Latin) |
| en | English |
| eo | Esperanto |
| es | Spanish |
| et | Estonian |
| eu | Basque |
| fa | Persian |
| fi | Finnish |
| fil | Filipino |
| fr | French |
| fy | Western Frisian |
| ga | Irish |
| gd | Scottish Gaelic |
| gl | Galician |
| gu | Gujarati |
| ha | Hausa |
| haw | Hawaiian |
| hi | Hindi |
| hi-Latn | Hindi (Latin script) |
| hmn | Hmong, Mong |
| ht | Haitian |
| hu | Hungarian |
| hy | Armenian |
| id | Indonesian |
| ig | Igbo |
| is | Icelandic |
| it | Italian |
| iw | former Hebrew |
| ja | Japanese |
| ja-Latn | Japanese (Latin) |
| jv | Javanese |
| ka | Georgian |
| kk | Kazakh |
| km | Khmer |
| kn | Kannada |
| ko | Korean |
| ku | Kurdish |
| ky | Kyrgyz |
| la | Latin |
| lb | Luxembourgish |
| lo | Lao |
| lt | Lithuanian |
| lv | Latvian |
| mg | Malagasy |
| mi | Maori |
| mk | Macedonian |
| ml | Malayalam |
| mn | Mongolian |
| mr | Marathi |
| ms | Malay |
| mt | Maltese |
| my | Burmese |
| ne | Nepali |
| nl | Dutch |
| no | Norwegian |
| ny | Nyanja |
| pa | Punjabi |
| pl | Polish |
| ps | Pashto |
| pt | Portuguese |
| ro | Romanian |
| ru | Russian |
| ru-Latn | Russian (Latin) |
| sd | Sindhi |
| si | Sinhala |
| sk | Slovak |
| sl | Slovenian |
| sm | Samoan |
| sn | Shona |
| so | Somali |
| sq | Albanian |
| sr | Serbian |
| st | Southern Sotho |
| su | Sundanese |
| sv | Swedish |
| sw | Swahili |
| ta | Tamil |
| te | Telugu |
| tg | Tajik |
| th | Thai |
| tr | Turkish |
| uk | Ukrainian |
| und | Unknown language |
| ur | Urdu |
| uz | Uzbek |
| vi | Vietnamese |
| xh | Xhosa |
| yi | Yiddish |
| yo | Yoruba |
| zh | Chinese |
| zh-Latn | Chinese (Latin) |
| zu | Zulu |
You can load the mC4 subset of any language like this:
```python
from datasets import load_dataset
en_mc4 = load_dataset("mc4", "en")
```
And if you can even specify a list of languages:
```python
from datasets import load_dataset
mc4_subset_with_five_languages = load_dataset("mc4", languages=["en", "fr", "es", "de", "zh"])
```
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
mC4 is mainly intended to pretrain language models and word representations.
### Languages
The dataset supports 108 languages.
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
An example form the `en` config is:
```
{'timestamp': '2018-06-24T01:32:39Z',
'text': 'Farm Resources in Plumas County\nShow Beginning Farmer Organizations & Professionals (304)\nThere are 304 resources serving Plumas County in the following categories:\nMap of Beginning Farmer Organizations & Professionals serving Plumas County\nVictoria Fisher - Office Manager - Loyalton, CA\nAmy Lynn Rasband - UCCE Plumas-Sierra Administrative Assistant II - Quincy , CA\nShow Farm Income Opportunities Organizations & Professionals (353)\nThere are 353 resources serving Plumas County in the following categories:\nFarm Ranch And Forest Retailers (18)\nMap of Farm Income Opportunities Organizations & Professionals serving Plumas County\nWarner Valley Wildlife Area - Plumas County\nShow Farm Resources Organizations & Professionals (297)\nThere are 297 resources serving Plumas County in the following categories:\nMap of Farm Resources Organizations & Professionals serving Plumas County\nThere are 57 resources serving Plumas County in the following categories:\nMap of Organic Certification Organizations & Professionals serving Plumas County',
'url': 'http://www.californialandcan.org/Plumas/Farm-Resources/'}
```
### Data Fields
The data have several fields:
- `url`: url of the source as a string
- `text`: text content as a string
- `timestamp`: timestamp as a string
### Data Splits
To build mC4, the authors used [CLD3](https://github.com/google/cld3) to identify over 100 languages. The resulting mC4 subsets for each language are reported in this table:
| config | train | validation |
|:---------|:--------|:-------------|
| af | ? | ? |
| am | ? | ? |
| ar | ? | ? |
| az | ? | ? |
| be | ? | ? |
| bg | ? | ? |
| bg-Latn | ? | ? |
| bn | ? | ? |
| ca | ? | ? |
| ceb | ? | ? |
| co | ? | ? |
| cs | ? | ? |
| cy | ? | ? |
| da | ? | ? |
| de | ? | ? |
| el | ? | ? |
| el-Latn | ? | ? |
| en | ? | ? |
| eo | ? | ? |
| es | ? | ? |
| et | ? | ? |
| eu | ? | ? |
| fa | ? | ? |
| fi | ? | ? |
| fil | ? | ? |
| fr | ? | ? |
| fy | ? | ? |
| ga | ? | ? |
| gd | ? | ? |
| gl | ? | ? |
| gu | ? | ? |
| ha | ? | ? |
| haw | ? | ? |
| hi | ? | ? |
| hi-Latn | ? | ? |
| hmn | ? | ? |
| ht | ? | ? |
| hu | ? | ? |
| hy | ? | ? |
| id | ? | ? |
| ig | ? | ? |
| is | ? | ? |
| it | ? | ? |
| iw | ? | ? |
| ja | ? | ? |
| ja-Latn | ? | ? |
| jv | ? | ? |
| ka | ? | ? |
| kk | ? | ? |
| km | ? | ? |
| kn | ? | ? |
| ko | ? | ? |
| ku | ? | ? |
| ky | ? | ? |
| la | ? | ? |
| lb | ? | ? |
| lo | ? | ? |
| lt | ? | ? |
| lv | ? | ? |
| mg | ? | ? |
| mi | ? | ? |
| mk | ? | ? |
| ml | ? | ? |
| mn | ? | ? |
| mr | ? | ? |
| ms | ? | ? |
| mt | ? | ? |
| my | ? | ? |
| ne | ? | ? |
| nl | ? | ? |
| no | ? | ? |
| ny | ? | ? |
| pa | ? | ? |
| pl | ? | ? |
| ps | ? | ? |
| pt | ? | ? |
| ro | ? | ? |
| ru | ? | ? |
| ru-Latn | ? | ? |
| sd | ? | ? |
| si | ? | ? |
| sk | ? | ? |
| sl | ? | ? |
| sm | ? | ? |
| sn | ? | ? |
| so | ? | ? |
| sq | ? | ? |
| sr | ? | ? |
| st | ? | ? |
| su | ? | ? |
| sv | ? | ? |
| sw | ? | ? |
| ta | ? | ? |
| te | ? | ? |
| tg | ? | ? |
| th | ? | ? |
| tr | ? | ? |
| uk | ? | ? |
| und | ? | ? |
| ur | ? | ? |
| uz | ? | ? |
| vi | ? | ? |
| xh | ? | ? |
| yi | ? | ? |
| yo | ? | ? |
| zh | ? | ? |
| zh-Latn | ? | ? |
| zu | ? | ? |
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed]
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed]
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed]
### Licensing Information
AllenAI are releasing this dataset under the terms of ODC-BY. By using this, you are also bound by the Common Crawl terms of use in respect of the content contained in the dataset.
### Citation Information
```
@article{2019t5,
author = {Colin Raffel and Noam Shazeer and Adam Roberts and Katherine Lee and Sharan Narang and Michael Matena and Yanqi Zhou and Wei Li and Peter J. Liu},
title = {Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformer},
journal = {arXiv e-prints},
year = {2019},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
eprint = {1910.10683},
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@dirkgr](https://github.com/dirkgr) and [@lhoestq](https://github.com/lhoestq) for adding this dataset.
|
false |
# Dataset Card Creation Guide
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Card Creation Guide](#dataset-card-creation-guide)
- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Initial Data Collection and Normalization](#initial-data-collection-and-normalization)
- [Who are the source language producers?](#who-are-the-source-language-producers)s
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [stackexchange](https://archive.org/details/stackexchange)
- **Repository:** [flax-sentence-embeddings](https://github.com/nreimers/flax-sentence-embeddings)
### Dataset Summary
We automatically extracted question and answer (Q&A) pairs from [Stack Exchange](https://stackexchange.com/) network. Stack Exchange gather many Q&A communities across 50 online plateform, including the well known Stack Overflow and other technical sites. 100 millon developpers consult Stack Exchange every month. The dataset is a parallel corpus with each question mapped to the top rated answer. The dataset is split given communities which cover a variety of domains from 3d printing, economics, raspberry pi or emacs. An exhaustive list of all communities is available [here](https://stackexchange.com/sites).
### Languages
Stack Exchange mainly consist of english language (en).
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
Each data samples is presented as follow:
```
{'title_body': "Is there a Stack Exchange icon available? StackAuth /sites route provides all the site's icons except for the one of the Stack Exchange master site.\nCould you please provide it in some way (a static SVG would be good)?",
'upvoted_answer': 'Here it is!\n\nDead link: SVG version here\nNote: the same restrictions on this trademarked icon that apply here, also apply to the icon above.',
'downvoted_answer': 'No, the /sites route is not the right place for that.\n\n/sites enumerates all websites that expose API end-points. StackExchange.com does not expose such an endpoint, so it does not (and will not) appear in the results.'}
```
This particular exampe corresponds to the [following page](https://stackapps.com/questions/1508/is-there-a-stack-exchange-icon-available)
### Data Fields
The fields present in the dataset contain the following informations:
- `title_body`: This is the concatenation of the title and body from the question
- `upvoted_answer`: This is the body from the most upvoted answer
### Data Splits
We provide multiple splits for this dataset, which each refers to a given community channel. We detail the number of pail for each split below:
| | Number of pairs |
| ----- | ------ |
| gaming | 82,887 |
| dba | 71,449 |
| codereview | 41,748 |
| gis | 100,254 |
| english | 100,640 |
| mathoverflow | 85,289 |
| askubuntu | 267,135 |
| electronics | 129,494 |
| apple | 92,487 |
| diy | 52,896 |
| magento | 79,241 |
| gamedev | 40,154 |
| mathematica | 59,895 |
| ell | 77,892 |
| judaism | 26,085 |
| drupal | 67,817 |
| blender | 54,153 |
| biology | 19,277 |
| android | 38,077 |
| crypto | 19,404 |
| christianity | 11,498 |
| cs | 30,010 |
| academia | 32,137 |
| chemistry | 27,061 |
| aviation | 18,755 |
| history | 10,766 |
| japanese | 20,948 |
| cooking | 22,641 |
| law | 16,133 |
| hermeneutics | 9,516 |
| hinduism | 8,999 |
| graphicdesign | 28,083 |
| dsp | 17,430 |
| bicycles | 15,708 |
| ethereum | 26,124 |
| ja | 17,376 |
| arduino | 16,281 |
| bitcoin | 22,474 |
| islam | 10,052 |
| datascience | 20,503 |
| german | 13,733 |
| codegolf | 8,211 |
| boardgames | 11,805 |
| economics | 8,844 |
| emacs | 16,830 |
| buddhism | 6,787 |
| gardening | 13,246 |
| astronomy | 9,086 |
| anime | 10,131 |
| fitness | 8,297 |
| cstheory | 7,742 |
| engineering | 8,649 |
| chinese | 8,646 |
| linguistics | 6,843 |
| cogsci | 5,101 |
| french | 10,578 |
| literature | 3,539 |
| ai | 5,763 |
| craftcms | 11,236 |
| health | 4,494 |
| chess | 6,392 |
| interpersonal | 3,398 |
| expressionengine | 10,742 |
| earthscience | 4,396 |
| civicrm | 10,648 |
| joomla | 5,887 |
| homebrew | 5,608 |
| latin | 3,969 |
| ham | 3,501 |
| hsm | 2,517 |
| avp | 6,450 |
| expatriates | 4,913 |
| matheducators | 2,706 |
| genealogy | 2,895 |
| 3dprinting | 3,488 |
| devops | 3,462 |
| bioinformatics | 3,135 |
| computergraphics | 2,306 |
| elementaryos | 5,917 |
| martialarts | 1,737 |
| hardwarerecs | 2,050 |
| lifehacks | 2,576 |
| crafts | 1,659 |
| italian | 3,101 |
| freelancing | 1,663 |
| materials | 1,101 |
| bricks | 3,530 |
| cseducators | 902 |
| eosio | 1,940 |
| iot | 1,359 |
| languagelearning | 948 |
| beer | 1,012 |
| ebooks | 1,107 |
| coffee | 1,188 |
| esperanto | 1,466 |
| korean | 1,406 |
| cardano | 248 |
| conlang | 334 |
| drones | 496 |
| iota | 775 |
| salesforce | 87,272 |
| wordpress | 83,621 |
| rpg | 40,435 |
| scifi | 54,805 |
| stats | 115,679 |
| serverfault | 238,507 |
| physics | 141,230 |
| sharepoint | 80,420 |
| security | 51,355 |
| worldbuilding | 26,210 |
| softwareengineering | 51,326 |
| superuser | 352,610 |
| meta | 1,000 |
| money | 29,404 |
| travel | 36,533 |
| photo | 23,204 |
| webmasters | 30,370 |
| workplace | 24,012 |
| ux | 28,901 |
| philosophy | 13,114 |
| music | 19,936 |
| politics | 11,047 |
| movies | 18,243 |
| space | 12,893 |
| skeptics | 8,145 |
| raspberrypi | 24,143 |
| rus | 16,528 |
| puzzling | 17,448 |
| webapps | 24,867 |
| mechanics | 18,613 |
| writers | 9,867 |
| networkengineering | 12,590 |
| parenting | 5,998 |
| softwarerecs | 11,761 |
| quant | 12,933 |
| spanish | 7,675 |
| scicomp | 7,036 |
| pets | 6,156 |
| sqa | 9,256 |
| sitecore | 7,838 |
| vi | 9,000 |
| outdoors | 5,278 |
| sound | 8,303 |
| pm | 5,435 |
| reverseengineering | 5,817 |
| retrocomputing | 3,907 |
| tridion | 5,907 |
| quantumcomputing | 4,320 |
| sports | 4,707 |
| robotics | 4,648 |
| russian | 3,937 |
| opensource | 3,221 |
| woodworking | 2,955 |
| ukrainian | 1,767 |
| opendata | 3,842 |
| patents | 3,573 |
| mythology | 1,595 |
| portuguese | 1,964 |
| tor | 4,167 |
| monero | 3,508 |
| sustainability | 1,674 |
| musicfans | 2,431 |
| poker | 1,665 |
| or | 1,490 |
| windowsphone | 2,807 |
| stackapps | 1,518 |
| moderators | 504 |
| vegetarianism | 585 |
| tezos | 1,169 |
| stellar | 1,078 |
| pt | 103,277 |
| unix | 155,414 |
| tex | 171,628 |
| ru | 253,289 |
| total | 4,750,619 |
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
We primary designed this dataset for sentence embeddings training. Indeed sentence embeddings may be trained using a contrastive learning setup for which the model is trained to associate each sentence with its corresponding pair out of multiple proposition. Such models require many examples to be efficient and thus the dataset creation may be tedious. Community networks such as Stack Exchange allow us to build many examples semi-automatically.
### Source Data
The source data are dumps from [Stack Exchange](https://archive.org/details/stackexchange)
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
We collected the data from the math community.
We filtered out questions which title or body length is bellow 20 characters and questions for which body length is above 4096 characters.
#### Who are the source language producers?
Questions and answers are written by the community developpers of Stack Exchange.
## Additional Information
### Licensing Information
Please see the license information at: https://archive.org/details/stackexchange
### Citation Information
```
@misc{StackExchangeDataset,
author = {Flax Sentence Embeddings Team},
title = {Stack Exchange question pairs},
year = {2021},
howpublished = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/flax-sentence-embeddings/},
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to the Flax Sentence Embeddings team for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for The Pile
## Table of Contents
- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
This model card is a work in progress. Please also see [our datasheet](https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.07311) for more detailed info.
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** https://pile.eleuther.ai/
- **Repository:** https://github.com/EleutherAI/the-pile
- **Paper:** [The Pile: An 800GB Dataset of Diverse Text for Language Modeling](https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.00027)
- **Leaderboard:**
- **Point of Contact:** [EleutherAI](mailto:contact@eleuther.ai)
- **Datasheet:** [Datasheet for the Pile](https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.07311)
### Dataset Summary
The Pile is a 825 GiB diverse, open source language modelling data set that consists of 22 smaller, high-quality
datasets combined together.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed]
### Languages
This dataset is in English (`EN`).
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
#### all
```
{
'meta': {'pile_set_name': 'Pile-CC'},
'text': 'It is done, and submitted. You can play “Survival of the Tastiest” on Android, and on the web. Playing on...'
}
```
<details>
<summary>Expand to see individual components</summary>
#### enron_emails
```
{
'text': 'Name\t\t\tNew Title\t\t\t\tEffective Date\t\t\tMid Year promotion Yes/No\n\nFloyd, Jodie\t\tSr Cust Svc Rep (no change)\t\t7/16/01\t\t\t\tNo\n\nBuehler, Craig\t\tSr Mkt/Sup Analyst (no change)\t\t7/16/01\t\t\t\tNo\n\nWagoner, Mike\t\tTeam Advisor - Gas Control\t\t7/1/01\t\t\t\tNo\n\nClapper, Karen\t\tSr Cust Svc Rep\t\t\t8/1/01\t\t\t\tYes\n\nGreaney, Chris\t\tSr Cust Svc Rep\t\t\t8/1/01\t\t\t\tYes\n\nWilkens, Jerry\t\tSr Cust Svc Rep\t\t\t8/1/01\t\t\t\tYes\n\nMinton, Kevin\t\tPipeline Controller\t\t\t8/1/01\t\t\t\tYes\n\nCox, Don\t\tPipeline Controller\t\t\t8/1/01\t\t\t\tYes\n\nHanagriff, Richard\tSr Accounting Control Spec\t\t8/1/01\t\t\t\tYes\n\n\nThanks,\nMS'
'meta': "{}",
}
```
#### europarl
```
{
'text': 'Uvádění biocidních přípravků na trh - Nový návrh revize týkající se biocidních přípravků (rozprava) \nPředsedající\nDalším bodem je společná rozprava o následujících tématech:\nzpráva paní Sârbuové za Výbor pro životní prostředí, veřejné zdraví a bezpečnost potravin o návrhu...'
'meta': "{'language': 'cs'}",
}
```
#### free_law
```
{
'meta': "{'case_jurisdiction': 'scotus.tar.gz', 'case_ID': '110921.json','date_created': '2010-04-28T17:12:49Z'}",
'text': '\n461 U.S. 238 (1983)\nOLIM ET AL.\nv.\nWAKINEKONA\nNo. 81-1581.\nSupreme Court of United States.\nArgued...'
}
```
#### hacker_news
```
{
'text': "\nChina Deserves Donald Trump - rm2889\nhttps://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/21/opinion/china-trump-trade.html\n======\nNotPaidToPost\n> so he’d be wise to curb his nationalistic “no-one-tells-China-what-to-do”\n> bluster\n\nThis comment highlights both ignorance of Chinese history and continuing\nAmerican arrogance.\n\nChina has been painfully dictated what to do during the last 200 years. This\nhas had a profound effect on the country and has led to the collapse of\nimperial rule and the drive to 'rejuvenate'...",
'meta': "{'id': '19979654'}",
}
```
#### nih_exporter
```
{
'text': "The National Domestic Violence Hotline (NDVH) and the National Dating Abuse Helpline (NDAH), which are supported by the Division of Family Violence Prevention and Services within the Family and Youth Services Bureau, serve as critical partners in the intervention, prevention, and resource assistance efforts of the network of family violence, domestic violence, and dating violence service providers. They provide crisis intervention and support services; information about resources on domestic...",
'meta': " {'APPLICATION_ID': 100065}",
}
```
#### pubmed
```
{
'meta': {'pmid': 11409574, 'language': 'eng'},
'text': 'Epidemiology of hypoxaemia in children with acute lower respiratory infection.\nTo determine the prevalence of hypoxaemia in children aged under 5 years suffering acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI), the risk factors for hypoxaemia in children under 5 years of age with ALRI, and the association of hypoxaemia with an increased risk of dying in children of the same age. Systematic review of the published literature. Out-patient clinics, emergency departments and hospitalisation wards in 23 health centres from 10 countries. Cohort studies reporting the frequency of hypoxaemia in children under 5 years of age with ALRI, and the association between hypoxaemia and the risk of dying. Prevalence of hypoxaemia measured in children with ARI and relative risks for the association between the severity of illness and the frequency of hypoxaemia, and between hypoxaemia and the risk of dying. Seventeen published studies were found that included 4,021 children under 5 with acute respiratory infections (ARI) and reported the prevalence of hypoxaemia. Out-patient children and those with a clinical diagnosis of upper ARI had a low risk of hypoxaemia (pooled estimate of 6% to 9%). The prevalence increased to 31% and to 43% in patients in emergency departments and in cases with clinical pneumonia, respectively, and it was even higher among hospitalised children (47%) and in those with radiographically confirmed pneumonia (72%). The cumulated data also suggest that hypoxaemia is more frequent in children living at high altitude. Three papers reported an association between hypoxaemia and death, with relative risks varying between 1.4 and 4.6. Papers describing predictors of hypoxaemia have focused on clinical signs for detecting hypoxaemia rather than on identifying risk factors for developing this complication. Hypoxaemia is a common and potentially lethal complication of ALRI in children under 5, particularly among those with severe disease and those living at high altitude. Given the observed high prevalence of hypoxaemia and its likely association with increased mortality, efforts should be made to improve the detection of hypoxaemia and to provide oxygen earlier to more children with severe ALRI.'
}
```
#### pubmed_central
```
{
'meta': "{id': 'PMC5595690'}",
'text': 'Introduction {#acel12642-sec-0001}\n============\n\nAlzheimer\\\'s disease (AD), the most common cause of...'
}
```
#### ubuntu_irc
```
{
'text': "#ubuntu 2004-07-05\n* Window 3\n* \tServer: [0] <None>\n* \tScreen: 0x817e90c\n* \tGeometry Info: [0 11 0 11 11 11] \n* \tCO, LI are [94 49] \n* \tCurrent channel: #ubuntu\n* \tQuery User: <None> \n*\tPrompt: <None>\n* \tSecond status line is OFF\n* \tSplit line is ON triple is OFF\n* \tLogging is ON\n* \tLogfile is irclogs/ubuntu.log\n* \tNotification is OFF\n* \tHold mode is OFF\n* \tWindow level is NONE\n* \tLastlog level is ALL\n* \tNotify level is ALL\n<mdz> lifeless: using tla effectively for all packages in Warty requ...",
'meta': "{'channel': 'ubuntu', 'month': 7}"
}
```
#### uspto
```
{
'text': "1. Field of the Invention\nIn an extensive plant breeding program, Grant Merrill, originator and now deceased, originated a large number of new and distinct varieties of fruit trees, and which included the herein-claimed variety of peach tree. Such plant breeding program was undertaken in originator's experimental orchard located near Exeter, Tulare County, Calif.\n2. Prior Varieties\nAmong the existent varieties of peach trees which were known to originator, particular reference is made to Gemfree (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 1,409) and June Lady (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 3,022) hereinafter mentioned for the purpose of comparison.",
'meta': "{'bibliographic_information': {'Patent Number': 'PP0049700', 'Series Code': '6', 'Application Number': '2845415', 'Application Type': '6', 'Art unit': '337', 'Application Filing Date': '19810720', 'Title of Invention': 'Peach tree (A3-10)', 'Issue Date': '19830104', 'Number of Claims': '1', 'Exemplary Claim Number(s)': '1', 'Primary Examiner': 'Bagwill; Robert E.', 'Number of Drawing Sheets': '1', 'Number of figures': '1'}, 'source_file': 'https://bulkdata.uspto.gov/data/patent/grant/redbook/fulltext/1983/pftaps19830104_wk01.zip', 'abstract': 'A peach tree which is large, vigorous, and spreading; foliated with large, lanceolate leaves having a finely serrate margin, a petiole of medium length and thickness, and medium size, reniform glands; blooms from medium size, conic, plump, pubescent buds; the flowers, medium in blooming period compared with other varieties, being of medium size, and pink; and is a regular and very productive bearer of medium but variable size, round truncate, clingstone fruit having yellow skin substantially overspread with red, yellow flesh mottled with red adjacent the skin, and an amber stone.', 'classifications': [{'OCL': ['Plt', '43'], 'EDF': ['3'], 'ICL': ['A01H', '503'], 'FSC': ['Plt'], 'FSS': ['43']}], 'inventors': [{'inventor name': 'Merrill, deceased; Grant', 'Street': '325 Breese Ave.', 'City': 'late of Red Bluff', 'State': 'CA'}, {'inventor name': 'Merrill, executrix; by Lucile B.', 'Street': '325 Breese Ave.', 'City': 'Red Bluff', 'State': 'CA', 'Zip code': '96080'}]}"
}
```
#### github
```
{
'text': "/* filesystem.c\n * Filesystem utility routines\n *\n * Wireshark - Network traffic analyzer\n * By Gerald Combs <gerald@wireshark.org>\n * Copyright 1998 Gerald Combs\n *\n * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later\n */\n\n#include <config.h>\n\n#include <stdio.h>\n#include <stdlib.h>\n#include <string.h>\n#include <errno.h>\n\n#include <glib.h>...",
'meta': "{'repo_name': 'wireshark/wireshark', 'stars': '2789', 'repo_language': 'C', 'file_name': 'packet-mpeg-audio-template.c', 'mime_type': 'text/x-c'}"
}
```
</details>
### Data Fields
#### all
- `text` (str): Text.
- `meta` (dict): Metadata of the data instance with keys:
- pile_set_name: Name of the subset.
<details>
<summary>Expand to see individual components</summary>
#### enron_emails
- `text` (str): Text.
- `meta` (str): Metadata of the data instance.
#### europarl
- `text` (str): Text.
- `meta` (str): Metadata of the data instance with: language.
#### free_law
- `text` (str): Text.
- `meta` (str): Metadata of the data instance with: case_ID, case_jurisdiction, date_created.
#### hacker_news
- `text` (str): Text.
- `meta` (str): Metadata of the data instance with: id.
#### nih_exporter
- `text` (str): Text.
- `meta` (str): Metadata of the data instance with: APPLICATION_ID.
#### pubmed
- `text` (str): Text.
- `meta` (str): Metadata of the data instance with: pmid, language.
#### pubmed_central
- `text` (str): Text.
- `meta` (str): Metadata of the data instance with: ID of the data instance.
#### ubuntu_irc
- `text` (str): Text.
- `meta` (str): Metadata of the data instance with: channel, month.
#### uspto
- `text` (str): Text.
- `meta` (str): Metadata of the data instance with: bibliographic_information, source_file, abstract, classifications,
inventors.
#### github
- `text` (str): Text.
- `meta` (str): Metadata of the data instance with: repo_name, stars, repo_language, file_name, mime_type.
### Data Splits
The "all" configuration is composed of 3 splits: train, validation and test.
</details>
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed]
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed]
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
This dataset was primarily curated by Leo Gao and Stella Biderman, with assistance from other authors of the Pile paper.
### Licensing Information
Please refer to the specific license depending on the subset you use:
- PubMed Central: [MIT License](https://github.com/EleutherAI/pile-pubmedcentral/blob/master/LICENSE)
### Citation Information
```
@article{gao2020pile,
title={The {P}ile: An 800{GB} dataset of diverse text for language modeling},
author={Gao, Leo and Biderman, Stella and Black, Sid and Golding, Laurence and Hoppe, Travis and Foster, Charles and Phang, Jason and He, Horace and Thite, Anish and Nabeshima, Noa and others},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2101.00027},
year={2020}
}
@article{biderman2022datasheet,
title={Datasheet for the pile},
author={Biderman, Stella and Bicheno, Kieran and Gao, Leo},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2201.07311},
year={2022}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@github-username](https://github.com/<github-username>) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card Creation Guide
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Card Creation Guide](#dataset-card-creation-guide)
- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Initial Data Collection and Normalization](#initial-data-collection-and-normalization)
- [Who are the source language producers?](#who-are-the-source-language-producers)s
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [stackexchange](https://archive.org/details/stackexchange)
- **Repository:** [flax-sentence-embeddings](https://github.com/nreimers/flax-sentence-embeddings)
### Dataset Summary
We automatically extracted question and answer (Q&A) pairs from [Stack Exchange](https://stackexchange.com/) network. Stack Exchange gather many Q&A communities across 50 online plateform, including the well known Stack Overflow and other technical sites. 100 millon developpers consult Stack Exchange every month. The dataset is a parallel corpus with each question mapped to the top rated answer. The dataset is split given communities which cover a variety of domains from 3d printing, economics, raspberry pi or emacs. An exhaustive list of all communities is available [here](https://stackexchange.com/sites).
### Languages
Stack Exchange mainly consist of english language (en).
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
Each data samples is presented as follow:
```
{'title_body': "Is there a Stack Exchange icon available? StackAuth /sites route provides all the site's icons except for the one of the Stack Exchange master site.\nCould you please provide it in some way (a static SVG would be good)?",
'upvoted_answer': 'Here it is!\n\nDead link: SVG version here\nNote: the same restrictions on this trademarked icon that apply here, also apply to the icon above.',
'downvoted_answer': 'No, the /sites route is not the right place for that.\n\n/sites enumerates all websites that expose API end-points. StackExchange.com does not expose such an endpoint, so it does not (and will not) appear in the results.'}
```
This particular exampe corresponds to the [following page](https://stackapps.com/questions/1508/is-there-a-stack-exchange-icon-available)
### Data Fields
The fields present in the dataset contain the following informations:
- `title_body`: This is the concatenation of the title and body from the question
- `upvoted_answer`: This is the body from the most upvoted answer
- `downvoted_answer`: This is the body from the most downvoted answer
### Data Splits
We provide multiple splits for this dataset, which each refers to a given community channel. We detail the number of pail for each split below:
| | Number of pairs |
| ----- | ------ |
| english | 13,003 |
| academia | 2,465 |
| christianity | 1,502 |
| apple | 6,696 |
| electronics | 4,014 |
| gaming | 7,321 |
| askubuntu | 9,975 |
| ell | 4,438 |
| hermeneutics | 1,719 |
| judaism | 2,216 |
| diy | 2,037 |
| law | 1,297 |
| history | 1,099 |
| islam | 2,037 |
| dba | 2,502 |
| cooking | 2,064 |
| gamedev | 1,598 |
| drupal | 1,714 |
| chemistry | 1,523 |
| android | 2,830 |
| mathoverflow | 1,109 |
| magento | 1,849 |
| buddhism | 770 |
| gis | 1,843 |
| graphicdesign | 1,565 |
| codereview | 666 |
| aviation | 903 |
| bicycles | 984 |
| japanese | 1,124 |
| cs | 936 |
| german | 1,047 |
| interpersonal | 469 |
| biology | 832 |
| bitcoin | 1,068 |
| blender | 1,312 |
| crypto | 595 |
| anime | 802 |
| boardgames | 691 |
| hinduism | 343 |
| french | 632 |
| fitness | 567 |
| economics | 441 |
| chinese | 611 |
| codegolf | 333 |
| linguistics | 442 |
| astronomy | 371 |
| arduino | 595 |
| chess | 402 |
| cstheory | 314 |
| ja | 328 |
| martialarts | 254 |
| mathematica | 262 |
| dsp | 387 |
| ethereum | 479 |
| health | 299 |
| cogsci | 221 |
| earthscience | 229 |
| gardening | 210 |
| datascience | 325 |
| literature | 191 |
| matheducators | 177 |
| lifehacks | 316 |
| engineering | 227 |
| ham | 158 |
| 3dprinting | 109 |
| italian | 181 |
| emacs | 188 |
| homebrew | 176 |
| ai | 130 |
| avp | 152 |
| expatriates | 132 |
| elementaryos | 224 |
| cseducators | 67 |
| hsm | 70 |
| expressionengine | 91 |
| joomla | 124 |
| freelancing | 70 |
| crafts | 72 |
| genealogy | 86 |
| latin | 55 |
| hardwarerecs | 58 |
| devops | 53 |
| coffee | 47 |
| beer | 57 |
| languagelearning | 42 |
| ebooks | 54 |
| bricks | 79 |
| civicrm | 85 |
| bioinformatics | 39 |
| esperanto | 56 |
| computergraphics | 30 |
| conlang | 8 |
| korean | 28 |
| iota | 31 |
| eosio | 44 |
| craftcms | 26 |
| iot | 10 |
| drones | 6 |
| cardano | 7 |
| materials | 1 |
| ru | 6,305 |
| softwareengineering | 4,238 |
| scifi | 5,176 |
| workplace | 4,317 |
| serverfault | 7,969 |
| rpg | 4,212 |
| physics | 8,362 |
| superuser | 17,425 |
| worldbuilding | 2,087 |
| security | 3,069 |
| pt | 3,718 |
| unix | 6,173 |
| meta | 61 |
| politics | 1,468 |
| stats | 2,238 |
| movies | 1,577 |
| photo | 1,432 |
| wordpress | 3,046 |
| music | 1,228 |
| philosophy | 1,184 |
| skeptics | 670 |
| money | 1,905 |
| salesforce | 1,781 |
| parenting | 624 |
| raspberrypi | 1,011 |
| travel | 1,317 |
| mechanics | 842 |
| tex | 1,095 |
| ux | 1,107 |
| sharepoint | 1,691 |
| webapps | 1,906 |
| puzzling | 784 |
| networkengineering | 476 |
| webmasters | 854 |
| sports | 455 |
| rus | 514 |
| space | 405 |
| writers | 407 |
| pets | 322 |
| pm | 241 |
| russian | 353 |
| spanish | 366 |
| sound | 365 |
| quant | 340 |
| sqa | 353 |
| outdoors | 221 |
| softwarerecs | 348 |
| retrocomputing | 135 |
| mythology | 103 |
| portuguese | 144 |
| opensource | 123 |
| scicomp | 127 |
| ukrainian | 87 |
| patents | 137 |
| sustainability | 152 |
| poker | 115 |
| robotics | 110 |
| woodworking | 93 |
| reverseengineering | 97 |
| sitecore | 122 |
| tor | 137 |
| vi | 95 |
| windowsphone | 153 |
| vegetarianism | 35 |
| moderators | 23 |
| quantumcomputing | 46 |
| musicfans | 78 |
| tridion | 68 |
| opendata | 45 |
| tezos | 11 |
| stellar | 3 |
| or | 13 |
| monero | 26 |
| stackapps | 15 |
| total | 210,748 |
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
We primary designed this dataset for sentence embeddings training. Indeed sentence embeddings may be trained using a contrastive learning setup for which the model is trained to associate each sentence with its corresponding pair out of multiple proposition. Such models require many examples to be efficient and thus the dataset creation may be tedious. Community networks such as Stack Exchange allow us to build many examples semi-automatically.
### Source Data
The source data are dumps from [Stack Exchange](https://archive.org/details/stackexchange)
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
We collected the data from the math community.
We filtered out questions which title or body length is bellow 20 characters and questions for which body length is above 4096 characters.
When extracting most upvoted answer, we filtered to pairs for which their is at least 100 votes gap between most upvoted and downvoted answers.
#### Who are the source language producers?
Questions and answers are written by the community developpers of Stack Exchange.
## Additional Information
### Licensing Information
Please see the license information at: https://archive.org/details/stackexchange
### Citation Information
```
@misc{StackExchangeDataset,
author = {Flax Sentence Embeddings Team},
title = {Stack Exchange question pairs},
year = {2021},
howpublished = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/flax-sentence-embeddings/},
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to the Flax Sentence Embeddings team for adding this dataset. |
false | # Dataset Card for "FTRACE"
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** https://huggingface.co/datasets/ekinakyurek/ftrace
- **Repository:** https://github.com/ekinakyurek/influence
- **Paper:** https://arxiv.org/pdf/2205.11482.pdf
- **Point of Contact:** [Ekin Akyürek](mailto:akyurek@mit.edu)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 113.7 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1006.6 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 1120.3 MB
### Dataset Summary
[PAPER]
FTRACE is a zero-shot infromation retrieval benchmark deviced for tracing a language model’s predictions back to training examples. In the accompanying paper, we evaluate commonly studied influence methods, including gradient-based (TracIn) and embedding-based approaches. The dataset contains two parts. First, factual queries for that we trace the knowledge are extracted from existing LAMA queries (Petroni et al., 2019). Second, Wikidata sentences are extracted from TREx corpus (Elsahar et al., 2018). We annotate the extracted sentences with their stated facts, and these facts can be mathed with the facts in query set. In both parts, we provide (input, target) pairs as a masked language modeling task -- see examples in the below. However, one can use the same data in other formalities for example auto-regressive completion via a processing of `input_pretokenized` and `targets_pretokenized` field.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Languages
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
#### Abstracts
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 112 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 884 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 996 MB
An example of 'abstract' looks as follows.
```
{"inputs_pretokenized": "The name Austroasiatic comes from the Latin words for \"south\" and \"Asia\", hence \"<extra_id_0>\".",
"targets_pretokenized": "<extra_id_0> South Asia",
"page_uri": "Q33199",
"masked_uri": "Q771405",
"masked_type": "subject",
"example_uris": "Q33199-1-Q48-Q771405-1",
"facts": "P361,Q48,Q771405;P30,Q48,Q771405",
"id": 8}
```
#### Queries
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 1.7 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 8.9 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 10.6 MB
An example of 'query' looks as follows.
```
{"inputs_pretokenized": "Paul Ehrlich used to work in <extra_id_0> .",
"targets_pretokenized": "<extra_id_0> Frankfurt",
"uuid": "5b063008-a8ba-4064-9f59-e70102bb8c50",
"obj_uri": "Q1794",
"sub_uri": "Q57089",
"predicate_id": "P937",
"obj_surface": "Frankfurt",
"sub_surface": "Paul Ehrlich"}
```
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all splits.
#### Abstracts
- `inputs_pretokenized`: a `string` feature.
- `targets_pretokenized`: a `string` feature.
- `masked_uri`: a `string` feature.
- `masked_type`: a `string` feature.
- `facts`: a `string` feature.
- `id`: a `string` feature.
- `example_uris`: a `string` feature.
- `page_uri`: a `string` feature.
#### Queries
- `inputs_pretokenized`: a `string` feature.
- `targets_pretokenized`: a `string` feature.
- `obj_surface`: a `string` feature.
- `sub_surface`: a `string` feature.
- `obj_uri`: a `string` feature.
- `sub_uri`: a `string` feature.
- `predicate_id`: a `string` feature.
- `uuid`: a `string` feature.
### Data Splits
| name | train |
|-----------|------:|
|Abstracts |1560453|
|Queries |31479 |
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Source Data
LAMA: https://github.com/facebookresearch/LAMA
TRex: https://hadyelsahar.github.io/t-rex/
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Licensing Information
The parts of this dataset are available under the [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License (CC BY-SA 4.0)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) and [The Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License](https://github.com/facebookresearch/LAMA/blob/master/LICENSE)
### Citation Information
The main paper should be cited as follow:
```
@misc{https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2205.11482,
doi = {10.48550/ARXIV.2205.11482},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.11482},
author = {Akyürek, Ekin and Bolukbasi, Tolga and Liu, Frederick and Xiong, Binbin and Tenney, Ian and Andreas, Jacob and Guu, Kelvin},
keywords = {Computation and Language (cs.CL), Information Retrieval (cs.IR), FOS: Computer and information sciences, FOS: Computer and information sciences},
title = {Tracing Knowledge in Language Models Back to the Training Data},
publisher = {arXiv},
year = {2022},
}
```
Please also cite Petroni et al., 2019 for the query set, and Elsahar et al., 2018 for the abstract set.
```
@inproceedings{petroni2019language,
title={Language Models as Knowledge Bases?},
author={F. Petroni, T. Rockt{\"{a}}schel, A. H. Miller, P. Lewis, A. Bakhtin, Y. Wu and S. Riedel},
booktitle={In: Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), 2019},
year={2019}
}
```
```
@inproceedings{elsahar2018t,
title={T-rex: A large scale alignment of natural language with knowledge base triples},
author={Elsahar, Hady and Vougiouklis, Pavlos and Remaci, Arslen and Gravier, Christophe and Hare, Jonathon and Laforest, Frederique and Simperl, Elena},
booktitle={Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2018)},
year={2018}
}
```
### Contributions |
false |
# Dataset Card Creation Guide
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Card Creation Guide](#dataset-card-creation-guide)
- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Initial Data Collection and Normalization](#initial-data-collection-and-normalization)
- [Who are the source language producers?](#who-are-the-source-language-producers)s
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [stackexchange](https://archive.org/details/stackexchange)
- **Repository:** [flax-sentence-embeddings](https://github.com/nreimers/flax-sentence-embeddings)
### Dataset Summary
We automatically extracted question and answer (Q&A) pairs from [Stack Exchange](https://stackexchange.com/) network. Stack Exchange gather many Q&A communities across 50 online plateform, including the well known Stack Overflow and other technical sites. 100 millon developpers consult Stack Exchange every month. The dataset is a parallel corpus with each question mapped to the top rated answer. The dataset is split given communities which cover a variety of domains from 3d printing, economics, raspberry pi or emacs. An exhaustive list of all communities is available [here](https://stackexchange.com/sites).
### Languages
Stack Exchange mainly consist of english language (en).
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
Each data samples is presented as follow:
```
{'title_body': 'How to determine if 3 points on a 3-D graph are collinear? Let the points $A, B$ and $C$ be $(x_1, y_1, z_1), (x_2, y_2, z_2)$ and $(x_3, y_3, z_3)$ respectively. How do I prove that the 3 points are collinear? What is the formula?',
'upvoted_answer': 'From $A(x_1,y_1,z_1),B(x_2,y_2,z_2),C(x_3,y_3,z_3)$ we can get their position vectors.\n\n$\\vec{AB}=(x_2-x_1,y_2-y_1,z_2-z_1)$ and $\\vec{AC}=(x_3-x_1,y_3-y_1,z_3-z_1)$.\n\nThen $||\\vec{AB}\\times\\vec{AC}||=0\\implies A,B,C$ collinear.',
```
This particular exampe corresponds to the [following page](https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/947555/how-to-determine-if-3-points-on-a-3-d-graph-are-collinear)
### Data Fields
The fields present in the dataset contain the following informations:
- `title_body`: This is the concatenation of the title and body from the question
- `upvoted_answer`: This is the body from the most upvoted answer
### Data Splits
We provide multiple splits for this dataset, which each refers to a given community channel. We detail the number of pail for each split below:
| | Number of pairs |
| ----- | ------ |
| apple | 92,487 |
| english | 100,640 |
| codereview | 41,748 |
| dba | 71,449 |
| mathoverflow | 85,289 |
| electronics | 129,494 |
| mathematica | 59,895 |
| drupal | 67,817 |
| magento | 79,241 |
| gaming | 82,887 |
| ell | 77,892 |
| gamedev | 40,154 |
| gis | 100,254 |
| askubuntu | 267,135 |
| diy | 52,896 |
| academia | 32,137 |
| blender | 54,153 |
| cs | 30,010 |
| chemistry | 27,061 |
| judaism | 26,085 |
| crypto | 19,404 |
| android | 38,077 |
| ja | 17,376 |
| christianity | 11,498 |
| graphicdesign | 28,083 |
| aviation | 18,755 |
| ethereum | 26,124 |
| biology | 19,277 |
| datascience | 20,503 |
| law | 16,133 |
| dsp | 17,430 |
| japanese | 20,948 |
| hermeneutics | 9,516 |
| bicycles | 15,708 |
| arduino | 16,281 |
| history | 10,766 |
| bitcoin | 22,474 |
| cooking | 22,641 |
| hinduism | 8,999 |
| codegolf | 8,211 |
| boardgames | 11,805 |
| emacs | 16,830 |
| economics | 8,844 |
| gardening | 13,246 |
| astronomy | 9,086 |
| islam | 10,052 |
| german | 13,733 |
| fitness | 8,297 |
| french | 10,578 |
| anime | 10,131 |
| craftcms | 11,236 |
| cstheory | 7,742 |
| engineering | 8,649 |
| buddhism | 6,787 |
| linguistics | 6,843 |
| ai | 5,763 |
| expressionengine | 10,742 |
| cogsci | 5,101 |
| chinese | 8,646 |
| chess | 6,392 |
| civicrm | 10,648 |
| literature | 3,539 |
| interpersonal | 3,398 |
| health | 4,494 |
| avp | 6,450 |
| earthscience | 4,396 |
| joomla | 5,887 |
| homebrew | 5,608 |
| expatriates | 4,913 |
| latin | 3,969 |
| matheducators | 2,706 |
| ham | 3,501 |
| genealogy | 2,895 |
| 3dprinting | 3,488 |
| elementaryos | 5,917 |
| bioinformatics | 3,135 |
| devops | 3,462 |
| hsm | 2,517 |
| italian | 3,101 |
| computergraphics | 2,306 |
| martialarts | 1,737 |
| bricks | 3,530 |
| freelancing | 1,663 |
| crafts | 1,659 |
| lifehacks | 2,576 |
| cseducators | 902 |
| materials | 1,101 |
| hardwarerecs | 2,050 |
| iot | 1,359 |
| eosio | 1,940 |
| languagelearning | 948 |
| korean | 1,406 |
| coffee | 1,188 |
| esperanto | 1,466 |
| beer | 1,012 |
| ebooks | 1,107 |
| iota | 775 |
| cardano | 248 |
| drones | 496 |
| conlang | 334 |
| pt | 103,277 |
| stats | 115,679 |
| unix | 155,414 |
| physics | 141,230 |
| tex | 171,628 |
| serverfault | 238,507 |
| salesforce | 87,272 |
| wordpress | 83,621 |
| softwareengineering | 51,326 |
| scifi | 54,805 |
| security | 51,355 |
| ru | 253,289 |
| superuser | 352,610 |
| sharepoint | 80,420 |
| rpg | 40,435 |
| travel | 36,533 |
| worldbuilding | 26,210 |
| meta | 1,000 |
| workplace | 24,012 |
| ux | 28,901 |
| money | 29,404 |
| webmasters | 30,370 |
| raspberrypi | 24,143 |
| photo | 23,204 |
| music | 19,936 |
| philosophy | 13,114 |
| puzzling | 17,448 |
| movies | 18,243 |
| quant | 12,933 |
| politics | 11,047 |
| space | 12,893 |
| mechanics | 18,613 |
| skeptics | 8,145 |
| rus | 16,528 |
| writers | 9,867 |
| webapps | 24,867 |
| softwarerecs | 11,761 |
| networkengineering | 12,590 |
| parenting | 5,998 |
| scicomp | 7,036 |
| sqa | 9,256 |
| sitecore | 7,838 |
| vi | 9,000 |
| spanish | 7,675 |
| pm | 5,435 |
| pets | 6,156 |
| sound | 8,303 |
| reverseengineering | 5,817 |
| outdoors | 5,278 |
| tridion | 5,907 |
| retrocomputing | 3,907 |
| robotics | 4,648 |
| quantumcomputing | 4,320 |
| sports | 4,707 |
| russian | 3,937 |
| opensource | 3,221 |
| woodworking | 2,955 |
| patents | 3,573 |
| tor | 4,167 |
| ukrainian | 1,767 |
| opendata | 3,842 |
| monero | 3,508 |
| sustainability | 1,674 |
| portuguese | 1,964 |
| mythology | 1,595 |
| musicfans | 2,431 |
| or | 1,490 |
| poker | 1,665 |
| windowsphone | 2,807 |
| moderators | 504 |
| stackapps | 1,518 |
| stellar | 1,078 |
| vegetarianism | 585 |
| tezos | 1,169 |
| total | 4,750,619 |
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
We primary designed this dataset for sentence embeddings training. Indeed sentence embeddings may be trained using a contrastive learning setup for which the model is trained to associate each sentence with its corresponding pair out of multiple proposition. Such models require many examples to be efficient and thus the dataset creation may be tedious. Community networks such as Stack Exchange allow us to build many examples semi-automatically.
### Source Data
The source data are dumps from [Stack Exchange](https://archive.org/details/stackexchange)
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
We collected the data from the math community.
We filtered out questions which title or body length is bellow 20 characters and questions for which body length is above 4096 characters.
When extracting most upvoted answer, we filtered to pairs for which their is at least 100 votes gap between most upvoted and downvoted answers.
#### Who are the source language producers?
Questions and answers are written by the community developpers of Stack Exchange.
## Additional Information
### Licensing Information
Please see the license information at: https://archive.org/details/stackexchange
### Citation Information
```
@misc{StackExchangeDataset,
author = {Flax Sentence Embeddings Team},
title = {Stack Exchange question pairs},
year = {2021},
howpublished = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/flax-sentence-embeddings/},
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to the Flax Sentence Embeddings team for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for Flores 101
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Card for Flores 101](#dataset-card-for-flores-101)
- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
## Dataset Description
- **Home:** [WMT](http://www.statmt.org/wmt21/large-scale-multilingual-translation-task.html)
- **Repository:** [Github](https://github.com/facebookresearch/flores)
- **Blogpost:** [FAIR](https://ai.facebook.com/blog/the-flores-101-data-set-helping-build-better-translation-systems-around-the-world)
- **Paper:** [Arxiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.03193)
- **Point of Contact:** [flores@fb.com](mailto:flores@fb.com)
- **Leaderboard** [Dynabench](https://dynabench.org/flores/Flores%20MT%20Evaluation%20(FULL))
### Dataset Summary
FLORES is a benchmark dataset for machine translation between English and low-resource languages.
Abstract from the original paper:
> One of the biggest challenges hindering progress in low-resource and multilingual machine translation is the lack of good evaluation benchmarks. Current evaluation benchmarks either lack good coverage of low-resource languages, consider only restricted domains, or are low quality because they are constructed using semi-automatic procedures. In this work, we introduce the FLORES evaluation benchmark, consisting of 3001 sentences extracted from English Wikipedia and covering a variety of different topics and domains. These sentences have been translated in 101 languages by professional translators through a carefully controlled process. The resulting dataset enables better assessment of model quality on the long tail of low-resource languages, including the evaluation of many-to-many multilingual translation systems, as all translations are multilingually aligned. By publicly releasing such a high-quality and high-coverage dataset, we hope to foster progress in the machine translation community and beyond.
**Disclaimer**: *The Flores-101 dataset is hosted by the Facebook and licensed under the [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
#### Multilingual Machine Translation
Refer to the [Dynabench leaderboard](https://dynabench.org/flores/Flores%20MT%20Evaluation%20(FULL)) for additional details on model evaluation on FLORES-101 in the context of the WMT2021 shared task on [Large-Scale Multilingual Machine Translation](http://www.statmt.org/wmt21/large-scale-multilingual-translation-task.html).
### Languages
The dataset contains parallel sentences for 101 languages, as mentioned in the original [Github](https://github.com/facebookresearch/flores/blob/master/README.md) page for the project. Languages are identified with the ISO 639-3 code (e.g. `eng`, `fra`, `rus`) as in the original dataset.
**New:** Use the configuration `all` to access the full set of parallel sentences for all the available languages in a single command.
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
A sample from the `dev` split for the Russian language (`rus` config) is provided below. All configurations have the same structure, and all sentences are aligned across configurations and splits.
```python
{
'id': 1,
'sentence': 'В понедельник ученые из Медицинской школы Стэнфордского университета объявили об изобретении нового диагностического инструмента, который может сортировать клетки по их типу; это маленький чип, который можно напечатать, используя стандартный струйный принтер примерно за 1 цент США.',
'URL': 'https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Scientists_say_new_medical_diagnostic_chip_can_sort_cells_anywhere_with_an_inkjet',
'domain': 'wikinews',
'topic': 'health',
'has_image': 0,
'has_hyperlink': 0
}
```
The text is provided as-in the original dataset, without further preprocessing or tokenization.
### Data Fields
- `id`: Row number for the data entry, starting at 1.
- `sentence`: The full sentence in the specific language.
- `URL`: The URL for the English article from which the sentence was extracted.
- `domain`: The domain of the sentence.
- `topic`: The topic of the sentence.
- `has_image`: Whether the original article contains an image.
- `has_hyperlink`: Whether the sentence contains a hyperlink.
### Data Splits
| config| `dev`| `devtest`|
|-----------------:|-----:|---------:|
|all configurations| 997| 1012:|
### Dataset Creation
Please refer to the original article [The FLORES-101 Evaluation Benchmark for Low-Resource and Multilingual Machine Translation](https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.03193) for additional information on dataset creation.
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
The original authors of FLORES-101 are the curators of the original dataset. For problems or updates on this 🤗 Datasets version, please contact [gabriele.sarti996@gmail.com](mailto:gabriele.sarti996@gmail.com).
### Licensing Information
Licensed with Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 4.0. License available [here](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).
### Citation Information
Please cite the authors if you use these corpora in your work:
```bibtex
@inproceedings{flores101,
title={The FLORES-101 Evaluation Benchmark for Low-Resource and Multilingual Machine Translation},
author={Goyal, Naman and Gao, Cynthia and Chaudhary, Vishrav and Chen, Peng-Jen and Wenzek, Guillaume and Ju, Da and Krishnan, Sanjana and Ranzato, Marc'Aurelio and Guzm\'{a}n, Francisco and Fan, Angela},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2106.03193},
year={2021}
}
``` |
true |
# Dataset Card for "amazon_us_reviews"
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [https://s3.amazonaws.com/amazon-reviews-pds/readme.html](https://s3.amazonaws.com/amazon-reviews-pds/readme.html)
- **Repository:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Paper:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 32377.29 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 82820.19 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 115197.49 MB
### Dataset Summary
Amazon Customer Reviews (a.k.a. Product Reviews) is one of Amazons iconic products. In a period of over two decades since the first review in 1995, millions of Amazon customers have contributed over a hundred million reviews to express opinions and describe their experiences regarding products on the Amazon.com website. This makes Amazon Customer Reviews a rich source of information for academic researchers in the fields of Natural Language Processing (NLP), Information Retrieval (IR), and Machine Learning (ML), amongst others. Accordingly, we are releasing this data to further research in multiple disciplines related to understanding customer product experiences. Specifically, this dataset was constructed to represent a sample of customer evaluations and opinions, variation in the perception of a product across geographical regions, and promotional intent or bias in reviews.
Over 130+ million customer reviews are available to researchers as part of this release. The data is available in TSV files in the amazon-reviews-pds S3 bucket in AWS US East Region. Each line in the data files corresponds to an individual review (tab delimited, with no quote and escape characters).
Each Dataset contains the following columns :
marketplace - 2 letter country code of the marketplace where the review was written.
customer_id - Random identifier that can be used to aggregate reviews written by a single author.
review_id - The unique ID of the review.
product_id - The unique Product ID the review pertains to. In the multilingual dataset the reviews
for the same product in different countries can be grouped by the same product_id.
product_parent - Random identifier that can be used to aggregate reviews for the same product.
product_title - Title of the product.
product_category - Broad product category that can be used to group reviews
(also used to group the dataset into coherent parts).
star_rating - The 1-5 star rating of the review.
helpful_votes - Number of helpful votes.
total_votes - Number of total votes the review received.
vine - Review was written as part of the Vine program.
verified_purchase - The review is on a verified purchase.
review_headline - The title of the review.
review_body - The review text.
review_date - The date the review was written.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Languages
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
#### Apparel_v1_00
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 648.64 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 2254.36 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 2903.00 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"customer_id": "45223824",
"helpful_votes": 0,
"marketplace": "US",
"product_category": "Apparel",
"product_id": "B016PUU3VO",
"product_parent": "893588059",
"product_title": "Fruit of the Loom Boys' A-Shirt (Pack of 4)",
"review_body": "I ordered the same size as I ordered last time, and these shirts were much larger than the previous order. They were also about 6 inches longer. It was like they sent men's shirts instead of boys' shirts. I'll be returning these...",
"review_date": "2015-01-01",
"review_headline": "Sizes not correct, too big overall and WAY too long",
"review_id": "R1N3Z13931J3O9",
"star_rating": 2,
"total_votes": 0,
"verified_purchase": 1,
"vine": 0
}
```
#### Automotive_v1_00
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 582.15 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1518.88 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 2101.03 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"customer_id": "16825098",
"helpful_votes": 0,
"marketplace": "US",
"product_category": "Automotive",
"product_id": "B000E4PCGE",
"product_parent": "694793259",
"product_title": "00-03 NISSAN SENTRA MIRROR RH (PASSENGER SIDE), Power, Non-Heated (2000 00 2001 01 2002 02 2003 03) NS35ER 963015M000",
"review_body": "Product was as described, new and a great look. Only bad thing is that one of the screws was stripped so I couldn't tighten all three.",
"review_date": "2015-08-31",
"review_headline": "new and a great look. Only bad thing is that one of ...",
"review_id": "R2RUIDUMDKG7P",
"star_rating": 3,
"total_votes": 0,
"verified_purchase": 1,
"vine": 0
}
```
#### Baby_v1_00
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 357.40 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 956.30 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 1313.70 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"customer_id": "23299101",
"helpful_votes": 2,
"marketplace": "US",
"product_category": "Baby",
"product_id": "B00SN6F9NG",
"product_parent": "3470998",
"product_title": "Rhoost Nail Clipper for Baby - Ergonomically Designed and Easy to Use Baby Nail Clipper, Natural Wooden Bamboo - Baby Health and Personal Care Kits",
"review_body": "\"This is an absolute MUST item to have! I was scared to death to clip my baby's nails. I tried other baby nail clippers and th...",
"review_date": "2015-08-31",
"review_headline": "If fits so comfortably in my hand and I feel like I have ...",
"review_id": "R2DRL5NRODVQ3Z",
"star_rating": 5,
"total_votes": 2,
"verified_purchase": 1,
"vine": 0
}
```
#### Beauty_v1_00
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 914.08 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 2397.39 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 3311.47 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"customer_id": "24655453",
"helpful_votes": 1,
"marketplace": "US",
"product_category": "Beauty",
"product_id": "B00SAQ9DZY",
"product_parent": "292127037",
"product_title": "12 New, High Quality, Amber 2 ml (5/8 Dram) Glass Bottles, with Orifice Reducer and Black Cap.",
"review_body": "These are great for small mixtures for EO's, especially for traveling. I only gave this 4 stars because of the orifice reducer. The hole is so small it is hard to get the oil out. Just needs to be slightly bigger.",
"review_date": "2015-08-31",
"review_headline": "Good Product",
"review_id": "R2A30ALEGLMCGN",
"star_rating": 4,
"total_votes": 1,
"verified_purchase": 1,
"vine": 0
}
```
#### Books_v1_00
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 2740.34 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 7193.86 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 9934.20 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"customer_id": "49735028",
"helpful_votes": 0,
"marketplace": "US",
"product_category": "Books",
"product_id": "0664254969",
"product_parent": "248307276",
"product_title": "Presbyterian Creeds: A Guide to the Book of Confessions",
"review_body": "\"The Presbyterian Book of Confessions contains multiple Creeds for use by the denomination. This guidebook helps he lay person t...",
"review_date": "2015-08-31",
"review_headline": "The Presbyterian Book of Confessions contains multiple Creeds for use ...",
"review_id": "R2G519UREHRO8M",
"star_rating": 3,
"total_votes": 1,
"verified_purchase": 1,
"vine": 0
}
```
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all splits.
#### Apparel_v1_00
- `marketplace`: a `string` feature.
- `customer_id`: a `string` feature.
- `review_id`: a `string` feature.
- `product_id`: a `string` feature.
- `product_parent`: a `string` feature.
- `product_title`: a `string` feature.
- `product_category`: a `string` feature.
- `star_rating`: a `int32` feature.
- `helpful_votes`: a `int32` feature.
- `total_votes`: a `int32` feature.
- `vine`: a classification label, with possible values including `Y` (0), `N` (1).
- `verified_purchase`: a classification label, with possible values including `Y` (0), `N` (1).
- `review_headline`: a `string` feature.
- `review_body`: a `string` feature.
- `review_date`: a `string` feature.
#### Automotive_v1_00
- `marketplace`: a `string` feature.
- `customer_id`: a `string` feature.
- `review_id`: a `string` feature.
- `product_id`: a `string` feature.
- `product_parent`: a `string` feature.
- `product_title`: a `string` feature.
- `product_category`: a `string` feature.
- `star_rating`: a `int32` feature.
- `helpful_votes`: a `int32` feature.
- `total_votes`: a `int32` feature.
- `vine`: a classification label, with possible values including `Y` (0), `N` (1).
- `verified_purchase`: a classification label, with possible values including `Y` (0), `N` (1).
- `review_headline`: a `string` feature.
- `review_body`: a `string` feature.
- `review_date`: a `string` feature.
#### Baby_v1_00
- `marketplace`: a `string` feature.
- `customer_id`: a `string` feature.
- `review_id`: a `string` feature.
- `product_id`: a `string` feature.
- `product_parent`: a `string` feature.
- `product_title`: a `string` feature.
- `product_category`: a `string` feature.
- `star_rating`: a `int32` feature.
- `helpful_votes`: a `int32` feature.
- `total_votes`: a `int32` feature.
- `vine`: a classification label, with possible values including `Y` (0), `N` (1).
- `verified_purchase`: a classification label, with possible values including `Y` (0), `N` (1).
- `review_headline`: a `string` feature.
- `review_body`: a `string` feature.
- `review_date`: a `string` feature.
#### Beauty_v1_00
- `marketplace`: a `string` feature.
- `customer_id`: a `string` feature.
- `review_id`: a `string` feature.
- `product_id`: a `string` feature.
- `product_parent`: a `string` feature.
- `product_title`: a `string` feature.
- `product_category`: a `string` feature.
- `star_rating`: a `int32` feature.
- `helpful_votes`: a `int32` feature.
- `total_votes`: a `int32` feature.
- `vine`: a classification label, with possible values including `Y` (0), `N` (1).
- `verified_purchase`: a classification label, with possible values including `Y` (0), `N` (1).
- `review_headline`: a `string` feature.
- `review_body`: a `string` feature.
- `review_date`: a `string` feature.
#### Books_v1_00
- `marketplace`: a `string` feature.
- `customer_id`: a `string` feature.
- `review_id`: a `string` feature.
- `product_id`: a `string` feature.
- `product_parent`: a `string` feature.
- `product_title`: a `string` feature.
- `product_category`: a `string` feature.
- `star_rating`: a `int32` feature.
- `helpful_votes`: a `int32` feature.
- `total_votes`: a `int32` feature.
- `vine`: a classification label, with possible values including `Y` (0), `N` (1).
- `verified_purchase`: a classification label, with possible values including `Y` (0), `N` (1).
- `review_headline`: a `string` feature.
- `review_body`: a `string` feature.
- `review_date`: a `string` feature.
### Data Splits
| name | train |
|----------------|-------:|
|Apparel_v1_00 | 5906333|
|Automotive_v1_00 | 3514942|
|Baby_v1_00 | 1752932|
|Beauty_v1_00 | 5115666|
|Books_v1_00 | 10319090|
|Books_v1_01 | 6106719|
|Books_v1_02 | 3105520|
|Camera_v1_00 | 1801974|
|Digital_Ebook_Purchase_v1_00 | 12520722|
|Digital_Ebook_Purchase_v1_01 | 5101693|
|Digital_Music_Purchase_v1_00 | 1688884|
|Digital_Software_v1_00 | 102084|
|Digital_Video_Download_v1_00 | 4057147|
|Digital_Video_Games_v1_00 | 145431|
|Electronics_v1_00 | 3093869|
|Furniture_v1_00 | 792113|
|Gift_Card_v1_00 | 149086|
|Grocery_v1_00 | 2402458|
|Health_Personal_Care_v1_00 | 5331449|
|Home_Entertainment_v1_00 | 705889|
|Home_Improvement_v1_00 | 2634781|
|Home_v1_00 | 6221559|
|Jewelry_v1_00 | 1767753|
|Kitchen_v1_00 | 4880466|
|Lawn_and_Garden_v1_00 | 2557288|
|Luggage_v1_00 | 348657|
|Major_Appliances_v1_00 | 96901|
|Mobile_Apps_v1_00 | 5033376|
|Mobile_Electronics_v1_00 | 104975|
|Music_v1_00 | 4751577|
|Musical_Instruments_v1_00 | 904765|
|Office_Products_v1_00 | 2642434|
|Outdoors_v1_00 | 2302401|
|PC_v1_00 | 6908554|
|Personal_Care_Appliances_v1_00 | 85981|
|Pet_Products_v1_00 | 2643619|
|Shoes_v1_00 | 4366916|
|Software_v1_00 | 341931|
|Sports_v1_00 | 4850360|
|Tools_v1_00 | 1741100|
|Toys_v1_00 | 4864249|
|Video_DVD_v1_00 | 5069140|
|Video_Games_v1_00 | 1785997|
|Video_v1_00 | 380604|
|Watches_v1_00 | 960872|
|Wireless_v1_00 | 9002021|
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Licensing Information
https://s3.amazonaws.com/amazon-reviews-pds/LICENSE.txt
By accessing the Amazon Customer Reviews Library ("Reviews Library"), you agree that the
Reviews Library is an Amazon Service subject to the [Amazon.com Conditions of Use](https://www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/display.html/ref=footer_cou?ie=UTF8&nodeId=508088)
and you agree to be bound by them, with the following additional conditions:
In addition to the license rights granted under the Conditions of Use,
Amazon or its content providers grant you a limited, non-exclusive, non-transferable,
non-sublicensable, revocable license to access and use the Reviews Library
for purposes of academic research.
You may not resell, republish, or make any commercial use of the Reviews Library
or its contents, including use of the Reviews Library for commercial research,
such as research related to a funding or consultancy contract, internship, or
other relationship in which the results are provided for a fee or delivered
to a for-profit organization. You may not (a) link or associate content
in the Reviews Library with any personal information (including Amazon customer accounts),
or (b) attempt to determine the identity of the author of any content in the
Reviews Library.
If you violate any of the foregoing conditions, your license to access and use the
Reviews Library will automatically terminate without prejudice to any of the
other rights or remedies Amazon may have.
### Citation Information
No citation information.
### Contributions
Thanks to [@joeddav](https://github.com/joeddav) for adding this dataset. |
true |
# Dataset Card for KLUE
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-instances)
- [Data Splits](#data-instances)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** https://klue-benchmark.com/
- **Repository:** https://github.com/KLUE-benchmark/KLUE
- **Paper:** [KLUE: Korean Language Understanding Evaluation](https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.09680)
- **Leaderboard:** [Leaderboard](https://klue-benchmark.com/leaderboard)
- **Point of Contact:** https://github.com/KLUE-benchmark/KLUE/issues
### Dataset Summary
KLUE is a collection of 8 tasks to evaluate natural language understanding capability of Korean language models. We delibrately select the 8 tasks, which are Topic Classification, Semantic Textual Similarity, Natural Language Inference, Named Entity Recognition, Relation Extraction, Dependency Parsing, Machine Reading Comprehension, and Dialogue State Tracking.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
Topic Classification, Semantic Textual Similarity, Natural Language Inference, Named Entity Recognition, Relation Extraction, Dependency Parsing, Machine Reading Comprehension, and Dialogue State Tracking
### Languages
`ko-KR`
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
#### ynat
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{'date': '2016.06.30. 오전 10:36',
'guid': 'ynat-v1_train_00000',
'label': 3,
'title': '유튜브 내달 2일까지 크리에이터 지원 공간 운영',
'url': 'https://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LS2D&mid=shm&sid1=105&sid2=227&oid=001&aid=0008508947'}
```
#### sts
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{'guid': 'klue-sts-v1_train_00000',
'labels': {'label': 3.7, 'real-label': 3.714285714285714, 'binary-label': 1},
'sentence1': '숙소 위치는 찾기 쉽고 일반적인 한국의 반지하 숙소입니다.',
'sentence2': '숙박시설의 위치는 쉽게 찾을 수 있고 한국의 대표적인 반지하 숙박시설입니다.',
'source': 'airbnb-rtt'}
```
#### nli
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{'guid': 'klue-nli-v1_train_00000',
'hypothesis': '힛걸 진심 최고로 멋지다.',
'label': 0,
'premise': '힛걸 진심 최고다 그 어떤 히어로보다 멋지다',
'source': 'NSMC'}
```
#### ner
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{'tokens': ['특', '히', ' ', '영', '동', '고', '속', '도', '로', ' ', '강', '릉', ' ', '방', '향', ' ', '문', '막', '휴', '게', '소', '에', '서', ' ', '만', '종', '분', '기', '점', '까', '지', ' ', '5', '㎞', ' ', '구', '간', '에', '는', ' ', '승', '용', '차', ' ', '전', '용', ' ', '임', '시', ' ', '갓', '길', '차', '로', '제', '를', ' ', '운', '영', '하', '기', '로', ' ', '했', '다', '.'],
'ner_tags': [12, 12, 12, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 12, 2, 3, 12, 12, 12, 12, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 12, 12, 12, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 12, 12, 12, 8, 9, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12],
'sentence': '특히 <영동고속도로:LC> <강릉:LC> 방향 <문막휴게소:LC>에서 <만종분기점:LC>까지 <5㎞:QT> 구간에는 승용차 전용 임시 갓길차로제를 운영하기로 했다.'}
```
#### re
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{'guid': 'klue-re-v1_train_00000',
'label': 0,
'object_entity': {'word': '조지 해리슨',
'start_idx': 13,
'end_idx': 18,
'type': 'PER'},
'sentence': '〈Something〉는 조지 해리슨이 쓰고 비틀즈가 1969년 앨범 《Abbey Road》에 담은 노래다.',
'source': 'wikipedia',
'subject_entity': {'word': '비틀즈',
'start_idx': 24,
'end_idx': 26,
'type': 'ORG'}}
```
#### dp
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{'deprel': ['NP', 'NP_OBJ', 'VP', 'NP', 'NP_SBJ', 'NP', 'NP_MOD', 'NP_CNJ', 'NP_CNJ', 'NP', 'NP', 'NP_OBJ', 'AP', 'VP'],
'head': [2, 3, 14, 5, 14, 7, 10, 10, 10, 11, 12, 14, 14, 0],
'index': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14],
'lemma': ['해당', '그림 을', '보 면', '디즈니', '공주 들 이', '브리트니', '스피어스 의', '앨범 이나', '뮤직 비디오 ,', '화보', '속', '모습 을', '똑같이', '재연 하 였 다 .'],
'pos': ['NNG', 'NNG+JKO', 'VV+EC', 'NNP', 'NNG+XSN+JKS', 'NNP', 'NNP+JKG', 'NNG+JC', 'NNG+NNG+SP', 'NNG', 'NNG', 'NNG+JKO', 'MAG', 'NNG+XSA+EP+EF+SF'],
'sentence': '해당 그림을 보면 디즈니 공주들이 브리트니 스피어스의 앨범이나 뮤직비디오, 화보 속 모습을 똑같이 재연했다.',
'word_form': ['해당', '그림을', '보면', '디즈니', '공주들이', '브리트니', '스피어스의', '앨범이나', '뮤직비디오,', '화보', '속', '모습을', '똑같이', '재연했다.']}
```
#### mrc
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{'answers': {'answer_start': [478, 478], 'text': ['한 달가량', '한 달']},
'context': '올여름 장마가 17일 제주도에서 시작됐다. 서울 등 중부지방은 예년보다 사나흘 정도 늦은 이달 말께 장마가 시작될 전망이다.17일 기상청에 따르면 제주도 남쪽 먼바다에 있는 장마전선의 영향으로 이날 제주도 산간 및 내륙지역에 호우주의보가 내려지면서 곳곳에 100㎜에 육박하는 많은 비가 내렸다. 제주의 장마는 평년보다 2~3일, 지난해보다는 하루 일찍 시작됐다. 장마는 고온다습한 북태평양 기단과 한랭 습윤한 오호츠크해 기단이 만나 형성되는 장마전선에서 내리는 비를 뜻한다.장마전선은 18일 제주도 먼 남쪽 해상으로 내려갔다가 20일께 다시 북상해 전남 남해안까지 영향을 줄 것으로 보인다. 이에 따라 20~21일 남부지방에도 예년보다 사흘 정도 장마가 일찍 찾아올 전망이다. 그러나 장마전선을 밀어올리는 북태평양 고기압 세력이 약해 서울 등 중부지방은 평년보다 사나흘가량 늦은 이달 말부터 장마가 시작될 것이라는 게 기상청의 설명이다. 장마전선은 이후 한 달가량 한반도 중남부를 오르내리며 곳곳에 비를 뿌릴 전망이다. 최근 30년간 평균치에 따르면 중부지방의 장마 시작일은 6월24~25일이었으며 장마기간은 32일, 강수일수는 17.2일이었다.기상청은 올해 장마기간의 평균 강수량이 350~400㎜로 평년과 비슷하거나 적을 것으로 내다봤다. 브라질 월드컵 한국과 러시아의 경기가 열리는 18일 오전 서울은 대체로 구름이 많이 끼지만 비는 오지 않을 것으로 예상돼 거리 응원에는 지장이 없을 전망이다.',
'guid': 'klue-mrc-v1_train_12759',
'is_impossible': False,
'news_category': '종합',
'question': '북태평양 기단과 오호츠크해 기단이 만나 국내에 머무르는 기간은?',
'question_type': 1,
'source': 'hankyung',
'title': '제주도 장마 시작 … 중부는 이달 말부터'}
```
#### wos
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{'dialogue': [{'role': 'user',
'text': '쇼핑을 하려는데 서울 서쪽에 있을까요?',
'state': ['관광-종류-쇼핑', '관광-지역-서울 서쪽']},
{'role': 'sys',
'text': '서울 서쪽에 쇼핑이 가능한 곳이라면 노량진 수산물 도매시장이 있습니다.',
'state': []},
{'role': 'user',
'text': '오 네 거기 주소 좀 알려주세요.',
'state': ['관광-종류-쇼핑', '관광-지역-서울 서쪽', '관광-이름-노량진 수산물 도매시장']},
{'role': 'sys', 'text': '노량진 수산물 도매시장의 주소는 서울 동작구 93806입니다.', 'state': []},
{'role': 'user',
'text': '알려주시는김에 연락처랑 평점도 좀 알려주세요.',
'state': ['관광-종류-쇼핑', '관광-지역-서울 서쪽', '관광-이름-노량진 수산물 도매시장']},
{'role': 'sys', 'text': '그럼. 연락처는 6182006591이고 평점은 4점입니다.', 'state': []},
{'role': 'user',
'text': '와 감사합니다.',
'state': ['관광-종류-쇼핑', '관광-지역-서울 서쪽', '관광-이름-노량진 수산물 도매시장']},
{'role': 'sys', 'text': '감사합니다.', 'state': []}],
'domains': ['관광'],
'guid': 'wos-v1_train_00001'}
```
### Data Fields
#### ynat
+ `guid`: a `string` feature
+ `title`: a `string` feature
+ `label`: a classification label, with possible values `IT과학`(0), `경제`(1), `사회`(2), `생활문화`(3), `세계`(4), `스포츠`(5), `정치`(6)
+ `url`: a `string` feature
+ `date`: a `string` feature
#### sts
+ `guid`: a `string` feature
+ `source`: a `string` feature
+ `sentence1`: a `string` feature
+ `sentence2`: a `string` feature
+ `labels`: a dictionary feature containing
+ `label`: a `float64` feature
+ `real-label`: a `float64` feature
+ `binary-label`: a classification label, with possible values `negative`(0), `positive`(1)
#### nli
+ `guid`: a `string` feature
+ `source`: a `string` feature
+ `premise`: a `string` feature
+ `hypothesis`: a `string` feature
+ `label`: a classification label, with possible values `entailment`(0), `neutral`(1), `contradiction`(2)
#### ner
+ `sentence`: a `string` feature
+ `tokens`: a list of a `string` feature (tokenization is at character level)
+ `ner_tags`: a list of classification labels, with possible values including `B-DT`(0), `I-DT`(1),
`B-LC`(2), `I-LC`(3), `B-OG`(4), `I-OG`(5), `B-PS`(6), `I-PS`(7), `B-QT`(8), `I-QT`(9), `B-TI`(10),
`I-TI`(11), `O`(12)
#### re
+ `guid`: a `string` feature
+ `sentence`: a `string` feature
+ `subject_entity`: a dictionary feature containing
+ `word`: a `string` feature
+ `start_idx`: a `int32` feature
+ `end_idx`: a `int32` feature
+ `type`: a `string` feature
+ `object_entity`: a dictionary feature containing
+ `word`: a `string` feature
+ `start_idx`: a `int32` feature
+ `end_idx`: a `int32` feature
+ `type`: a `string` feature
+ `label`: a list of labels, with possible values including `no_relation`(0), `org:dissolved`(1),
`org:founded`(2), `org:place_of_headquarters`(3), `org:alternate_names`(4), `org:member_of`(5),
`org:members`(6), `org:political/religious_affiliation`(7), `org:product`(8), `org:founded_by`(9),`org:top_members/employees`(10),
`org:number_of_employees/members`(11), `per:date_of_birth`(12), `per:date_of_death`(13), `per:place_of_birth`(14),
`per:place_of_death`(15), `per:place_of_residence`(16), `per:origin`(17), `per:employee_of`(18),
`per:schools_attended`(19), `per:alternate_names`(20), `per:parents`(21), `per:children`(22),
`per:siblings`(23), `per:spouse`(24), `per:other_family`(25), `per:colleagues`(26), `per:product`(27),
`per:religion`(28), `per:title`(29),
+ `source`: a `string` feature
#### dp
+ `sentence`: a `string` feature
+ `index`: a list of `int32` feature
+ `word_form`: a list of `string` feature
+ `lemma`: a list of `string` feature
+ `pos`: a list of `string` feature
+ `head`: a list of `int32` feature
+ `deprel`: a list of `string` feature
#### mrc
+ `title`: a `string` feature
+ `context`: a `string` feature
+ `news_category`: a `string` feature
+ `source`: a `string` feature
+ `guid`: a `string` feature
+ `is_impossible`: a `bool` feature
+ `question_type`: a `int32` feature
+ `question`: a `string` feature
+ `answers`: a dictionary feature containing
+ `answer_start`: a `int32` feature
+ `text`: a `string` feature
#### wos
+ `guid`: a `string` feature
+ `domains`: a `string` feature
+ `dialogue`: a list of dictionary feature containing
+ `role`: a `string` feature
+ `text`: a `string` feature
+ `state`: a `string` feature
### Data Splits
#### ynat
You can see more details in [here](https://klue-benchmark.com/tasks/66/data/description).
+ train: 45,678
+ validation: 9,107
#### sts
You can see more details in [here](https://klue-benchmark.com/tasks/67/data/description).
+ train: 11,668
+ validation: 519
#### nli
You can see more details in [here](https://klue-benchmark.com/tasks/68/data/description).
+ train: 24,998
+ validation: 3,000
#### ner
You can see more details in [here](https://klue-benchmark.com/tasks/69/overview/description).
+ train: 21,008
+ validation: 5,000
#### re
You can see more details in [here](https://klue-benchmark.com/tasks/70/overview/description).
+ train: 32,470
+ validation: 7,765
#### dp
You can see more details in [here](https://klue-benchmark.com/tasks/71/data/description).
+ train: 10,000
+ validation: 2,000
#### mrc
You can see more details in [here](https://klue-benchmark.com/tasks/72/overview/description).
+ train: 17,554
+ validation: 5,841
#### wos
You can see more details in [here](https://klue-benchmark.com/tasks/73/overview/description).
+ train: 8,000
+ validation: 1,000
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[Needs More Information]
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[Needs More Information]
#### Who are the source language producers?
[Needs More Information]
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[Needs More Information]
#### Who are the annotators?
[Needs More Information]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[Needs More Information]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[Needs More Information]
### Discussion of Biases
[Needs More Information]
### Other Known Limitations
[Needs More Information]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[Needs More Information]
### Licensing Information
[Needs More Information]
### Citation Information
```
@misc{park2021klue,
title={KLUE: Korean Language Understanding Evaluation},
author={Sungjoon Park and Jihyung Moon and Sungdong Kim and Won Ik Cho and Jiyoon Han and Jangwon Park and Chisung Song and Junseong Kim and Yongsook Song and Taehwan Oh and Joohong Lee and Juhyun Oh and Sungwon Lyu and Younghoon Jeong and Inkwon Lee and Sangwoo Seo and Dongjun Lee and Hyunwoo Kim and Myeonghwa Lee and Seongbo Jang and Seungwon Do and Sunkyoung Kim and Kyungtae Lim and Jongwon Lee and Kyumin Park and Jamin Shin and Seonghyun Kim and Lucy Park and Alice Oh and Jungwoo Ha and Kyunghyun Cho},
year={2021},
eprint={2105.09680},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.CL}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@jungwhank](https://github.com/jungwhank), [@bzantium](https://github.com/bzantium) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# StackExchange Paired
This is a processed version of the [`HuggingFaceH4/stack-exchange-preferences`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/HuggingFaceH4/stack-exchange-preferences). The following steps were applied:
- Parse HTML to Markdown with `markdownify`
- Create pairs `(response_j, response_k)` where j was rated better than k
- Sample at most 10 pairs per question
- Shuffle the dataset globally
This dataset is designed to be used for preference learning. The processing notebook is in [the repository](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lvwerra/stack-exchange-paired/tree/main) as well.
|
true |
# Dataset Card for DBpedia14
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [DBpedia14 homepage](https://wiki.dbpedia.org/develop/datasets)
- **Repository:** [DBpedia14 repository](https://github.com/dbpedia/extraction-framework)
- **Paper:** [DBpedia--a large-scale, multilingual knowledge base extracted from Wikipedia](https://content.iospress.com/articles/semantic-web/sw134)
- **Point of Contact:** [Xiang Zhang](mailto:xiang.zhang@nyu.edu)
### Dataset Summary
The DBpedia ontology classification dataset is constructed by picking 14 non-overlapping classes
from DBpedia 2014. They are listed in classes.txt. From each of thse 14 ontology classes, we
randomly choose 40,000 training samples and 5,000 testing samples. Therefore, the total size
of the training dataset is 560,000 and testing dataset 70,000.
There are 3 columns in the dataset (same for train and test splits), corresponding to class index
(1 to 14), title and content. The title and content are escaped using double quotes ("), and any
internal double quote is escaped by 2 double quotes (""). There are no new lines in title or content.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
- `text-classification`, `topic-classification`: The dataset is mainly used for text classification: given the content
and the title, predict the correct topic.
### Languages
Although DBpedia is a multilingual knowledge base, the DBpedia14 extract contains English data mainly, other languages may appear
(e.g. a film whose title is origanlly not English).
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
A typical data point, comprises of a title, a content and the corresponding label.
An example from the DBpedia test set looks as follows:
```
{
'title':'',
'content':" TY KU /taɪkuː/ is an American alcoholic beverage company that specializes in sake and other spirits. The privately-held company was founded in 2004 and is headquartered in New York City New York. While based in New York TY KU's beverages are made in Japan through a joint venture with two sake breweries. Since 2011 TY KU's growth has extended its products into all 50 states.",
'label':0
}
```
### Data Fields
- 'title': a string containing the title of the document - escaped using double quotes (") and any internal double quote is escaped by 2 double quotes ("").
- 'content': a string containing the body of the document - escaped using double quotes (") and any internal double quote is escaped by 2 double quotes ("").
- 'label': one of the 14 possible topics.
### Data Splits
The data is split into a training and test set.
For each of the 14 classes we have 40,000 training samples and 5,000 testing samples.
Therefore, the total size of the training dataset is 560,000 and testing dataset 70,000.
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
The DBPedia ontology classification dataset is constructed by Xiang Zhang (xiang.zhang@nyu.edu), licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License and the GNU Free Documentation License. It is used as a text classification benchmark in the following paper: Xiang Zhang, Junbo Zhao, Yann LeCun. Character-level Convolutional Networks for Text Classification. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 28 (NIPS 2015).
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed]
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
The DBPedia ontology classification dataset is constructed by Xiang Zhang (xiang.zhang@nyu.edu), licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License and the GNU Free Documentation License. It is used as a text classification benchmark in the following paper: Xiang Zhang, Junbo Zhao, Yann LeCun. Character-level Convolutional Networks for Text Classification. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 28 (NIPS 2015).
### Licensing Information
The DBPedia ontology classification dataset is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License and the GNU Free Documentation License.
### Citation Information
Xiang Zhang, Junbo Zhao, Yann LeCun. Character-level Convolutional Networks for Text Classification. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 28 (NIPS 2015).
Lehmann, Jens, Robert Isele, Max Jakob, Anja Jentzsch, Dimitris Kontokostas, Pablo N. Mendes, Sebastian Hellmann et al. "DBpedia–a large-scale, multilingual knowledge base extracted from Wikipedia." Semantic web 6, no. 2 (2015): 167-195.
### Contributions
Thanks to [@hfawaz](https://github.com/hfawaz) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for librispeech_asr
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [LibriSpeech ASR corpus](http://www.openslr.org/12)
- **Repository:** [Needs More Information]
- **Paper:** [LibriSpeech: An ASR Corpus Based On Public Domain Audio Books](https://www.danielpovey.com/files/2015_icassp_librispeech.pdf)
- **Leaderboard:** [The 🤗 Speech Bench](https://huggingface.co/spaces/huggingface/hf-speech-bench)
- **Point of Contact:** [Daniel Povey](mailto:dpovey@gmail.com)
### Dataset Summary
LibriSpeech is a corpus of approximately 1000 hours of 16kHz read English speech, prepared by Vassil Panayotov with the assistance of Daniel Povey. The data is derived from read audiobooks from the LibriVox project, and has been carefully segmented and aligned.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
- `automatic-speech-recognition`, `audio-speaker-identification`: The dataset can be used to train a model for Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR). The model is presented with an audio file and asked to transcribe the audio file to written text. The most common evaluation metric is the word error rate (WER). The task has an active Hugging Face leaderboard which can be found at https://huggingface.co/spaces/huggingface/hf-speech-bench. The leaderboard ranks models uploaded to the Hub based on their WER. An external leaderboard at https://paperswithcode.com/sota/speech-recognition-on-librispeech-test-clean ranks the latest models from research and academia.
### Languages
The audio is in English. There are two configurations: `clean` and `other`.
The speakers in the corpus were ranked according to the WER of the transcripts of a model trained on
a different dataset, and were divided roughly in the middle,
with the lower-WER speakers designated as "clean" and the higher WER speakers designated as "other".
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
A typical data point comprises the path to the audio file, usually called `file` and its transcription, called `text`. Some additional information about the speaker and the passage which contains the transcription is provided.
```
{'chapter_id': 141231,
'file': '/home/patrick/.cache/huggingface/datasets/downloads/extracted/b7ded9969e09942ab65313e691e6fc2e12066192ee8527e21d634aca128afbe2/dev_clean/1272/141231/1272-141231-0000.flac',
'audio': {'path': '/home/patrick/.cache/huggingface/datasets/downloads/extracted/b7ded9969e09942ab65313e691e6fc2e12066192ee8527e21d634aca128afbe2/dev_clean/1272/141231/1272-141231-0000.flac',
'array': array([-0.00048828, -0.00018311, -0.00137329, ..., 0.00079346,
0.00091553, 0.00085449], dtype=float32),
'sampling_rate': 16000},
'id': '1272-141231-0000',
'speaker_id': 1272,
'text': 'A MAN SAID TO THE UNIVERSE SIR I EXIST'}
```
### Data Fields
- file: A path to the downloaded audio file in .flac format.
- audio: A dictionary containing the path to the downloaded audio file, the decoded audio array, and the sampling rate. Note that when accessing the audio column: `dataset[0]["audio"]` the audio file is automatically decoded and resampled to `dataset.features["audio"].sampling_rate`. Decoding and resampling of a large number of audio files might take a significant amount of time. Thus it is important to first query the sample index before the `"audio"` column, *i.e.* `dataset[0]["audio"]` should **always** be preferred over `dataset["audio"][0]`.
- text: the transcription of the audio file.
- id: unique id of the data sample.
- speaker_id: unique id of the speaker. The same speaker id can be found for multiple data samples.
- chapter_id: id of the audiobook chapter which includes the transcription.
### Data Splits
The size of the corpus makes it impractical, or at least inconvenient
for some users, to distribute it as a single large archive. Thus the
training portion of the corpus is split into three subsets, with approximate size 100, 360 and 500 hours respectively.
A simple automatic
procedure was used to select the audio in the first two sets to be, on
average, of higher recording quality and with accents closer to US
English. An acoustic model was trained on WSJ’s si-84 data subset
and was used to recognize the audio in the corpus, using a bigram
LM estimated on the text of the respective books. We computed the
Word Error Rate (WER) of this automatic transcript relative to our
reference transcripts obtained from the book texts.
The speakers in the corpus were ranked according to the WER of
the WSJ model’s transcripts, and were divided roughly in the middle,
with the lower-WER speakers designated as "clean" and the higher-WER speakers designated as "other".
For "clean", the data is split into train, validation, and test set. The train set is further split into train.100 and train.360
respectively accounting for 100h and 360h of the training data.
For "other", the data is split into train, validation, and test set. The train set contains approximately 500h of recorded speech.
| | Train.500 | Train.360 | Train.100 | Valid | Test |
| ----- | ------ | ----- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| clean | - | 104014 | 28539 | 2703 | 2620|
| other | 148688 | - | - | 2864 | 2939 |
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[Needs More Information]
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[Needs More Information]
#### Who are the source language producers?
[Needs More Information]
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[Needs More Information]
#### Who are the annotators?
[Needs More Information]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
The dataset consists of people who have donated their voice online. You agree to not attempt to determine the identity of speakers in this dataset.
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[Needs More Information]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
The dataset was initially created by Vassil Panayotov, Guoguo Chen, Daniel Povey, and Sanjeev Khudanpur.
### Licensing Information
[CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
### Citation Information
```
@inproceedings{panayotov2015librispeech,
title={Librispeech: an ASR corpus based on public domain audio books},
author={Panayotov, Vassil and Chen, Guoguo and Povey, Daniel and Khudanpur, Sanjeev},
booktitle={Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), 2015 IEEE International Conference on},
pages={5206--5210},
year={2015},
organization={IEEE}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@patrickvonplaten](https://github.com/patrickvonplaten) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for Opus100
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [Link](http://opus.nlpl.eu/opus-100.php)
- **Repository:** [GitHub](https://github.com/EdinburghNLP/opus-100-corpus)
- **Paper:** [ARXIV](https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.11867)
- **Leaderboard:**
- **Point of Contact:**
### Dataset Summary
OPUS-100 is English-centric, meaning that all training pairs include English on either the source or target side. The corpus covers 100 languages (including English). Selected the languages based on the volume of parallel data available in OPUS.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed]
### Languages
OPUS-100 contains approximately 55M sentence pairs. Of the 99 language pairs, 44 have 1M sentence pairs of training data, 73 have at least 100k, and 95 have at least 10k.
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
```
{
"ca": "El departament de bombers té el seu propi equip d'investigació.",
"en": "Well, the fire department has its own investigative unit."
}
```
### Data Fields
- `src_tag`: `string` text in source language
- `tgt_tag`: `string` translation of source language in target language
### Data Splits
The dataset is split into training, development, and test portions. Data was prepared by randomly sampled up to 1M sentence pairs per language pair for training and up to 2000 each for development and test. To ensure that there was no overlap (at the monolingual sentence level) between the training and development/test data, they applied a filter during sampling to exclude sentences that had already been sampled. Note that this was done cross-lingually so that, for instance, an English sentence in the Portuguese-English portion of the training data could not occur in the Hindi-English test set.
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed]
### Source Data
[More Information Needed]
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed]
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed]
### Licensing Information
[More Information Needed]
### Citation Information
```
@misc{zhang2020improving,
title={Improving Massively Multilingual Neural Machine Translation and Zero-Shot Translation},
author={Biao Zhang and Philip Williams and Ivan Titov and Rico Sennrich},
year={2020},
eprint={2004.11867},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.CL}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@vasudevgupta7](https://github.com/vasudevgupta7) for adding this dataset. |
false | # Summary
`databricks-dolly-15k` is an open source dataset of instruction-following records generated by thousands of Databricks employees in several
of the behavioral categories outlined in the [InstructGPT](https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.02155) paper, including brainstorming, classification,
closed QA, generation, information extraction, open QA, and summarization.
This dataset can be used for any purpose, whether academic or commercial, under the terms of the
[Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode).
Supported Tasks:
- Training LLMs
- Synthetic Data Generation
- Data Augmentation
Languages: English
Version: 1.0
**Owner: Databricks, Inc.**
# Dataset Overview
`databricks-dolly-15k` is a corpus of more than 15,000 records generated by thousands of Databricks employees to enable large language
models to exhibit the magical interactivity of ChatGPT.
Databricks employees were invited to create prompt / response pairs in each of eight different instruction categories, including
the seven outlined in the InstructGPT paper, as well as an open-ended free-form category. The contributors were instructed to avoid using
information from any source on the web with the exception of Wikipedia (for particular subsets of instruction categories), and explicitly
instructed to avoid using generative AI in formulating instructions or responses. Examples of each behavior were provided to motivate the
types of questions and instructions appropriate to each category.
Halfway through the data generation process, contributors were given the option of answering questions posed by other contributors.
They were asked to rephrase the original question and only select questions they could be reasonably expected to answer correctly.
For certain categories contributors were asked to provide reference texts copied from Wikipedia. Reference text (indicated by the `context`
field in the actual dataset) may contain bracketed Wikipedia citation numbers (e.g. `[42]`) which we recommend users remove for downstream applications.
# Intended Uses
While immediately valuable for instruction fine tuning large language models, as a corpus of human-generated instruction prompts,
this dataset also presents a valuable opportunity for synthetic data generation in the methods outlined in the Self-Instruct paper.
For example, contributor--generated prompts could be submitted as few-shot examples to a large open language model to generate a
corpus of millions of examples of instructions in each of the respective InstructGPT categories.
Likewise, both the instructions and responses present fertile ground for data augmentation. A paraphrasing model might be used to
restate each prompt or short responses, with the resulting text associated to the respective ground-truth sample. Such an approach might
provide a form of regularization on the dataset that could allow for more robust instruction-following behavior in models derived from
these synthetic datasets.
# Dataset
## Purpose of Collection
As part of our continuing commitment to open source, Databricks developed what is, to the best of our knowledge, the first open source,
human-generated instruction corpus specifically designed to enable large language models to exhibit the magical interactivity of ChatGPT.
Unlike other datasets that are limited to non-commercial use, this dataset can be used, modified, and extended for any purpose, including
academic or commercial applications.
## Sources
- **Human-generated data**: Databricks employees were invited to create prompt / response pairs in each of eight different instruction categories.
- **Wikipedia**: For instruction categories that require an annotator to consult a reference text (information extraction, closed QA, summarization)
contributors selected passages from Wikipedia for particular subsets of instruction categories. No guidance was given to annotators as to how to select the
target passages.
## Annotator Guidelines
To create a record, employees were given a brief description of the annotation task as well as examples of the types of prompts typical
of each annotation task. Guidelines were succinct by design so as to encourage a high task completion rate, possibly at the cost of
rigorous compliance to an annotation rubric that concretely and reliably operationalizes the specific task. Caveat emptor.
The annotation guidelines for each of the categories are as follows:
- **Creative Writing**: Write a question or instruction that requires a creative, open-ended written response. The instruction should be reasonable to ask of a person with general world knowledge and should not require searching. In this task, your prompt should give very specific instructions to follow. Constraints, instructions, guidelines, or requirements all work, and the more of them the better.
- **Closed QA**: Write a question or instruction that requires factually correct response based on a passage of text from Wikipedia. The question can be complex and can involve human-level reasoning capabilities, but should not require special knowledge. To create a question for this task include both the text of the question as well as the reference text in the form.
- **Open QA**: Write a question that can be answered using general world knowledge or at most a single search. This task asks for opinions and facts about the world at large and does not provide any reference text for consultation.
- **Summarization**: Give a summary of a paragraph from Wikipedia. Please don't ask questions that will require more than 3-5 minutes to answer. To create a question for this task include both the text of the question as well as the reference text in the form.
- **Information Extraction**: These questions involve reading a paragraph from Wikipedia and extracting information from the passage. Everything required to produce an answer (e.g. a list, keywords etc) should be included in the passages. To create a question for this task include both the text of the question as well as the reference text in the form.
- **Classification**: These prompts contain lists or examples of entities to be classified, e.g. movie reviews, products, etc. In this task the text or list of entities under consideration is contained in the prompt (e.g. there is no reference text.). You can choose any categories for classification you like, the more diverse the better.
- **Brainstorming**: Think up lots of examples in response to a question asking to brainstorm ideas.
## Personal or Sensitive Data
This dataset contains public information (e.g., some information from Wikipedia). To our knowledge, there are no private person’s personal identifiers or sensitive information.
## Language
American English
# Known Limitations
- Wikipedia is a crowdsourced corpus and the contents of this dataset may reflect the bias, factual errors and topical focus found in Wikipedia
- Some annotators may not be native English speakers
- Annotator demographics and subject matter may reflect the makeup of Databricks employees
# License/Attribution
**Copyright (2023) Databricks, Inc.**
This dataset was developed at Databricks (https://www.databricks.com) and its use is subject to the CC BY-SA 3.0 license.
Certain categories of material in the dataset include materials from the following sources, licensed under the CC BY-SA 3.0 license:
Wikipedia (various pages) - https://www.wikipedia.org/
Copyright © Wikipedia editors and contributors. |
false |
# Dataset Card for Alpaca-Cleaned
- **Repository:** https://github.com/gururise/AlpacaDataCleaned
## Dataset Description
This is a cleaned version of the original Alpaca Dataset released by Stanford. The following issues have been identified in the original release and fixed in this dataset:
1. **Hallucinations:** Many instructions in the original dataset had instructions referencing data on the internet, which just caused GPT3 to hallucinate an answer.
```
"instruction":"Summarize the given article in 200 Words.",
"input": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-51461830",
"output": "The recent protests in Belarus are part of a growing wave of discontent against the rule of Alexander Lukashenko, who has led the country since 1994. Demonstrations against his government have been ongoing since August, and come in the wake of an election widely seen as rigged. As police and security forces have cracked down on protesters, the movement has only grown, with hundreds of thousands of people taking to the streets to call for new leadership. Human rights activists have accused the government of using extreme violence in order prosecute protesters, leading to an international outcry and sanctions from the European Union. As the situation in Belarus continues to unfold, the international community is monitoring the situation closely - hoping for a peaceful resolution, while also standing firm against the oppressive tactics employed by the Belarusian state."
"instruction": "Classify the following shape according to simple geometry.",
"input": "<Picture Attached>",
"output": "Triangle"
"instruction": "Given a recent news article, write a headline for it.",
"input": "https://www.news.example.com/article-1",
"output": "\"NASA Launches a Mars 2020 Mission to Search for Signs of Ancient Life\""
```
2. **Merged Instructions:** There were many instructions that were merged together in the original dataset for some reason.
```
"instruction": "Should I invest in stocks?",
"input": "",
"output": "It depends on your individual situation. Investing in stocks carries a certain amount of risk but can also offer potential rewards. Make sure to research the different types of stocks, understand the risks and rewards, and develop a plan that works for you.\n##\n18. Instruction: Identify the noun in the following sentence:\n18. Input:\nThe large apple was delicious.\n18. Output:\nApple"
```
3. **Empty outputs:** Some entries in the original dataset had empty outputs.
```
"instruction": "Calculate the area of the following shape in square centimeters.",
"input": "rectangle of size 4 cm x 5 cm",
"output": ""
```
4. **Empty code examples:** Some descriptions in the original dataset were missing code examples, making it difficult to understand the intended behavior of the code.
5. **Instructions to generate images:** Some descriptions in the original dataset included instructions to generate images, something obviously not possible.
```
"instruction": "Create a graphic or logo that visually represents the word \"courage\".",
"input": "",
"output": "<No Output>"
```
6. **N/A outputs:** Some code snippets in the original dataset had N/A outputs.
7. **Inconsistent input field:** The original dataset had inconsistent usage of the input field when it was supposed to be empty.
```
"input":"<no input>"
"input":"No input"
"input":"noinput"
"input":"<noinput>"
```
8. **Wrong answers:** Some instructions/questions in the original dataset had incorrect answers. About 80% of the math problems are estimated to have incorrect answers.
```
"instruction": "Calculate the median of the following data set.",
"input": "1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9",
"output": "5"
"instruction": "Convert 25m to km.",
"input": "",
"output": "25km"
```
9. **Non-Sensical/Unclear instructions:** Many instructions are unclear, we try to clarify (or re-write) if instructions are non-sensical. Instructions that are slightly unclear, but where one could deduce the meaning are not altered.
```
"instruction": "Freeze the following sample of yogurt for 10 minutes.",
"input": "Yogurt sample",
"output": "<noinput>"
"instruction": "Increase the font size to 12 points.",
"input": "",
"output": "The font size has been increased to 12 points."
```
10. **Extraneous escape and control characters:** The original dataset had several entries with extraneous escape and control characters.
### Original Alpaca Dataset Summary
Alpaca is a dataset of 52,000 instructions and demonstrations generated by OpenAI's `text-davinci-003` engine. This instruction data can be used to conduct instruction-tuning for language models and make the language model follow instruction better.
The authors built on the data generation pipeline from [Self-Instruct framework](https://github.com/yizhongw/self-instruct) and made the following modifications:
- The `text-davinci-003` engine to generate the instruction data instead of `davinci`.
- A [new prompt](https://github.com/tatsu-lab/stanford_alpaca/blob/main/prompt.txt) was written that explicitly gave the requirement of instruction generation to `text-davinci-003`.
- Much more aggressive batch decoding was used, i.e., generating 20 instructions at once, which significantly reduced the cost of data generation.
- The data generation pipeline was simplified by discarding the difference between classification and non-classification instructions.
- Only a single instance was generated for each instruction, instead of 2 to 3 instances as in Self-Instruct.
This produced an instruction-following dataset with 52K examples obtained at a much lower cost (less than $500).
In a preliminary study, the authors also found that the 52K generated data to be much more diverse than the data released by [Self-Instruct](https://github.com/yizhongw/self-instruct/blob/main/data/seed_tasks.jsonl).
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
The Alpaca dataset designed for instruction training pretrained language models.
### Languages
The data in Alpaca are in English (BCP-47 en).
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
An example of "train" looks as follows:
```json
{
"instruction": "Create a classification task by clustering the given list of items.",
"input": "Apples, oranges, bananas, strawberries, pineapples",
"output": "Class 1: Apples, Oranges\nClass 2: Bananas, Strawberries\nClass 3: Pineapples",
"text": "Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.\n\n### Instruction:\nCreate a classification task by clustering the given list of items.\n\n### Input:\nApples, oranges, bananas, strawberries, pineapples\n\n### Response:\nClass 1: Apples, Oranges\nClass 2: Bananas, Strawberries\nClass 3: Pineapples",
}
```
### Data Fields
The data fields are as follows:
* `instruction`: describes the task the model should perform. Each of the 52K instructions is unique.
* `input`: optional context or input for the task. For example, when the instruction is "Summarize the following article", the input is the article. Around 40% of the examples have an input.
* `output`: the answer to the instruction as generated by `text-davinci-003`.
* `text`: the `instruction`, `input` and `output` formatted with the [prompt template](https://github.com/tatsu-lab/stanford_alpaca#data-release) used by the authors for fine-tuning their models.
### Data Splits
| | train |
|---------------|------:|
| alpaca | 52002 |
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed]
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed]
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
Excerpt the [blog post](https://crfm.stanford.edu/2023/03/13/alpaca.html) accompanying the release of this dataset:
> We believe that releasing the above assets will enable the academic community to perform controlled scientific studies on instruction-following language models, resulting in better science and ultimately new techniques to address the existing deficiencies with these models. At the same time, any release carries some risk. First, we recognize that releasing our training recipe reveals the feasibility of certain capabilities. On one hand, this enables more people (including bad actors) to create models that could cause harm (either intentionally or not). On the other hand, this awareness might incentivize swift defensive action, especially from the academic community, now empowered by the means to perform deeper safety research on such models. Overall, we believe that the benefits for the research community outweigh the risks of this particular release. Given that we are releasing the training recipe, we believe that releasing the data, model weights, and training code incur minimal further risk, given the simplicity of the recipe. At the same time, releasing these assets has enormous benefits for reproducible science, so that the academic community can use standard datasets, models, and code to perform controlled comparisons and to explore extensions. Deploying an interactive demo for Alpaca also poses potential risks, such as more widely disseminating harmful content and lowering the barrier for spam, fraud, or disinformation. We have put into place two risk mitigation strategies. First, we have implemented a content filter using OpenAI’s content moderation API, which filters out harmful content as defined by OpenAI’s usage policies. Second, we watermark all the model outputs using the method described in Kirchenbauer et al. 2023, so that others can detect (with some probability) whether an output comes from Alpaca 7B. Finally, we have strict terms and conditions for using the demo; it is restricted to non-commercial uses and to uses that follow LLaMA’s license agreement. We understand that these mitigation measures can be circumvented once we release the model weights or if users train their own instruction-following models. However, by installing these mitigations, we hope to advance the best practices and ultimately develop community norms for the responsible deployment of foundation models.
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
The `alpaca` data is generated by a language model (`text-davinci-003`) and inevitably contains some errors or biases. We encourage users to use this data with caution and propose new methods to filter or improve the imperfections.
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed]
### Licensing Information
The dataset is available under the [Creative Commons NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode).
### Citation Information
```
@misc{alpaca,
author = {Rohan Taori and Ishaan Gulrajani and Tianyi Zhang and Yann Dubois and Xuechen Li and Carlos Guestrin and Percy Liang and Tatsunori B. Hashimoto },
title = {Stanford Alpaca: An Instruction-following LLaMA model},
year = {2023},
publisher = {GitHub},
journal = {GitHub repository},
howpublished = {\url{https://github.com/tatsu-lab/stanford_alpaca}},
}
```
### Contributions
[More Information Needed] |
true |
# Dataset Card for KILT
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** https://ai.facebook.com/tools/kilt/
- **Repository:** https://github.com/facebookresearch/KILT
- **Paper:** https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.02252
- **Leaderboard:** https://eval.ai/web/challenges/challenge-page/689/leaderboard/
- **Point of Contact:** [Needs More Information]
### Dataset Summary
KILT has been built from 11 datasets representing 5 types of tasks:
- Fact-checking
- Entity linking
- Slot filling
- Open domain QA
- Dialog generation
All these datasets have been grounded in a single pre-processed Wikipedia dump, allowing for fairer and more consistent evaluation as well as enabling new task setups such as multitask and transfer learning with minimal effort. KILT also provides tools to analyze and understand the predictions made by models, as well as the evidence they provide for their predictions.
#### Loading the KILT knowledge source and task data
The original KILT [release](https://github.com/facebookresearch/KILT) only provides question IDs for the TriviaQA task. Using the full dataset requires mapping those back to the TriviaQA questions, which can be done as follows:
```python
from datasets import load_dataset
# Get the pre-processed Wikipedia knowledge source for kild
kilt_wiki = load_dataset("kilt_wikipedia")
# Get the KILT task datasets
kilt_triviaqa = load_dataset("kilt_tasks", name="triviaqa_support_only")
# Most tasks in KILT already have all required data, but KILT-TriviaQA
# only provides the question IDs, not the questions themselves.
# Thankfully, we can get the original TriviaQA data with:
trivia_qa = load_dataset('trivia_qa', 'unfiltered.nocontext')
# The KILT IDs can then be mapped to the TriviaQA questions with:
triviaqa_map = {}
def add_missing_data(x, trivia_qa_subset, triviaqa_map):
i = triviaqa_map[x['id']]
x['input'] = trivia_qa_subset[i]['question']
x['output']['original_answer'] = trivia_qa_subset[i]['answer']['value']
return x
for k in ['train', 'validation', 'test']:
triviaqa_map = dict([(q_id, i) for i, q_id in enumerate(trivia_qa[k]['question_id'])])
kilt_triviaqa[k] = kilt_triviaqa[k].filter(lambda x: x['id'] in triviaqa_map)
kilt_triviaqa[k] = kilt_triviaqa[k].map(add_missing_data, fn_kwargs=dict(trivia_qa_subset=trivia_qa[k], triviaqa_map=triviaqa_map))
```
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
The dataset supports a leaderboard that evaluates models against task-specific metrics such as F1 or EM, as well as their ability to retrieve supporting information from Wikipedia.
The current best performing models can be found [here](https://eval.ai/web/challenges/challenge-page/689/leaderboard/).
### Languages
All tasks are in English (`en`).
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
An example of open-domain QA from the Natural Questions `nq` configuration looks as follows:
```
{'id': '-5004457603684974952',
'input': 'who is playing the halftime show at super bowl 2016',
'meta': {'left_context': '',
'mention': '',
'obj_surface': [],
'partial_evidence': [],
'right_context': '',
'sub_surface': [],
'subj_aliases': [],
'template_questions': []},
'output': [{'answer': 'Coldplay',
'meta': {'score': 0},
'provenance': [{'bleu_score': 1.0,
'end_character': 186,
'end_paragraph_id': 1,
'meta': {'annotation_id': '-1',
'evidence_span': [],
'fever_page_id': '',
'fever_sentence_id': -1,
'yes_no_answer': ''},
'section': 'Section::::Abstract.',
'start_character': 178,
'start_paragraph_id': 1,
'title': 'Super Bowl 50 halftime show',
'wikipedia_id': '45267196'}]},
{'answer': 'Beyoncé',
'meta': {'score': 0},
'provenance': [{'bleu_score': 1.0,
'end_character': 224,
'end_paragraph_id': 1,
'meta': {'annotation_id': '-1',
'evidence_span': [],
'fever_page_id': '',
'fever_sentence_id': -1,
'yes_no_answer': ''},
'section': 'Section::::Abstract.',
'start_character': 217,
'start_paragraph_id': 1,
'title': 'Super Bowl 50 halftime show',
'wikipedia_id': '45267196'}]},
{'answer': 'Bruno Mars',
'meta': {'score': 0},
'provenance': [{'bleu_score': 1.0,
'end_character': 239,
'end_paragraph_id': 1,
'meta': {'annotation_id': '-1',
'evidence_span': [],
'fever_page_id': '',
'fever_sentence_id': -1,
'yes_no_answer': ''},
'section': 'Section::::Abstract.',
'start_character': 229,
'start_paragraph_id': 1,
'title': 'Super Bowl 50 halftime show',
'wikipedia_id': '45267196'}]},
{'answer': 'Coldplay with special guest performers Beyoncé and Bruno Mars',
'meta': {'score': 0},
'provenance': []},
{'answer': 'British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyoncé and Bruno Mars',
'meta': {'score': 0},
'provenance': []},
{'answer': '',
'meta': {'score': 0},
'provenance': [{'bleu_score': 0.9657992720603943,
'end_character': 341,
'end_paragraph_id': 1,
'meta': {'annotation_id': '2430977867500315580',
'evidence_span': [],
'fever_page_id': '',
'fever_sentence_id': -1,
'yes_no_answer': 'NONE'},
'section': 'Section::::Abstract.',
'start_character': 0,
'start_paragraph_id': 1,
'title': 'Super Bowl 50 halftime show',
'wikipedia_id': '45267196'}]},
{'answer': '',
'meta': {'score': 0},
'provenance': [{'bleu_score': -1.0,
'end_character': -1,
'end_paragraph_id': 1,
'meta': {'annotation_id': '-1',
'evidence_span': ['It was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyoncé and Bruno Mars',
'It was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyoncé and Bruno Mars, who previously had headlined the Super Bowl XLVII and Super Bowl XLVIII halftime shows, respectively.',
"The Super Bowl 50 Halftime Show took place on February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California as part of Super Bowl 50. It was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyoncé and Bruno Mars",
"The Super Bowl 50 Halftime Show took place on February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California as part of Super Bowl 50. It was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyoncé and Bruno Mars,"],
'fever_page_id': '',
'fever_sentence_id': -1,
'yes_no_answer': ''},
'section': 'Section::::Abstract.',
'start_character': -1,
'start_paragraph_id': 1,
'title': 'Super Bowl 50 halftime show',
'wikipedia_id': '45267196'}]}]}
```
### Data Fields
Examples from all configurations have the following features:
- `input`: a `string` feature representing the query.
- `output`: a `list` of features each containing information for an answer, made up of:
- `answer`: a `string` feature representing a possible answer.
- `provenance`: a `list` of features representing Wikipedia passages that support the `answer`, denoted by:
- `title`: a `string` feature, the title of the Wikipedia article the passage was retrieved from.
- `section`: a `string` feature, the title of the section in Wikipedia article.
- `wikipedia_id`: a `string` feature, a unique identifier for the Wikipedia article.
- `start_character`: a `int32` feature.
- `start_paragraph_id`: a `int32` feature.
- `end_character`: a `int32` feature.
- `end_paragraph_id`: a `int32` feature.
### Data Splits
The configurations have the following splits:
| | Train | Validation | Test |
| ----------- | ----------- | ----------- | ----------- |
| triviaqa | 61844 | 5359 | 6586 |
| fever | 104966 | 10444 | 10100 |
| aidayago2 | 18395 | 4784 | 4463 |
| wned | | 3396 | 3376 |
| cweb | | 5599 | 5543 |
| trex | 2284168 | 5000 | 5000 |
| structured_zeroshot | 147909 | 3724 | 4966 |
| nq | 87372 | 2837 | 1444 |
| hotpotqa | 88869 | 5600 | 5569 |
| eli5 | 272634 | 1507 | 600 |
| wow | 94577 | 3058 | 2944 |
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[Needs More Information]
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[Needs More Information]
#### Who are the source language producers?
[Needs More Information]
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[Needs More Information]
#### Who are the annotators?
[Needs More Information]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[Needs More Information]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[Needs More Information]
### Discussion of Biases
[Needs More Information]
### Other Known Limitations
[Needs More Information]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[Needs More Information]
### Licensing Information
[Needs More Information]
### Citation Information
Cite as:
```
@inproceedings{kilt_tasks,
author = {Fabio Petroni and
Aleksandra Piktus and
Angela Fan and
Patrick S. H. Lewis and
Majid Yazdani and
Nicola De Cao and
James Thorne and
Yacine Jernite and
Vladimir Karpukhin and
Jean Maillard and
Vassilis Plachouras and
Tim Rockt{\"{a}}schel and
Sebastian Riedel},
editor = {Kristina Toutanova and
Anna Rumshisky and
Luke Zettlemoyer and
Dilek Hakkani{-}T{\"{u}}r and
Iz Beltagy and
Steven Bethard and
Ryan Cotterell and
Tanmoy Chakraborty and
Yichao Zhou},
title = {{KILT:} a Benchmark for Knowledge Intensive Language Tasks},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2021 Conference of the North American Chapter of
the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies,
{NAACL-HLT} 2021, Online, June 6-11, 2021},
pages = {2523--2544},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
year = {2021},
url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2021.naacl-main.200/}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@thomwolf](https://github.com/thomwolf), [@yjernite](https://github.com/yjernite) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for FashionMNIST
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [GitHub](https://github.com/zalandoresearch/fashion-mnist)
- **Repository:** [GitHub](https://github.com/zalandoresearch/fashion-mnist)
- **Paper:** [arXiv](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1708.07747.pdf)
- **Leaderboard:**
- **Point of Contact:**
### Dataset Summary
Fashion-MNIST is a dataset of Zalando's article images—consisting of a training set of 60,000 examples and a test set of 10,000 examples. Each example is a 28x28 grayscale image, associated with a label from 10 classes. We intend Fashion-MNIST to serve as a direct drop-in replacement for the original MNIST dataset for benchmarking machine learning algorithms. It shares the same image size and structure of training and testing splits.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
- `image-classification`: The goal of this task is to classify a given image of Zalando's article into one of 10 classes. The leaderboard is available [here](https://paperswithcode.com/sota/image-classification-on-fashion-mnist).
### Languages
[More Information Needed]
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
A data point comprises an image and its label.
```
{
'image': <PIL.PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile image mode=L size=28x28 at 0x27601169DD8>,
'label': 9
}
```
### Data Fields
- `image`: A `PIL.Image.Image` object containing the 28x28 image. Note that when accessing the image column: `dataset[0]["image"]` the image file is automatically decoded. Decoding of a large number of image files might take a significant amount of time. Thus it is important to first query the sample index before the `"image"` column, *i.e.* `dataset[0]["image"]` should **always** be preferred over `dataset["image"][0]`.
- `label`: an integer between 0 and 9 representing the classes with the following mapping:
| Label | Description |
| --- | --- |
| 0 | T-shirt/top |
| 1 | Trouser |
| 2 | Pullover |
| 3 | Dress |
| 4 | Coat |
| 5 | Sandal |
| 6 | Shirt |
| 7 | Sneaker |
| 8 | Bag |
| 9 | Ankle boot |
### Data Splits
The data is split into training and test set. The training set contains 60,000 images and the test set 10,000 images.
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
**From the arXiv paper:**
The original MNIST dataset contains a lot of handwritten digits. Members of the AI/ML/Data Science community love this dataset and use it as a benchmark to validate their algorithms. In fact, MNIST is often the first dataset researchers try. "If it doesn't work on MNIST, it won't work at all", they said. "Well, if it does work on MNIST, it may still fail on others."
Here are some good reasons:
- MNIST is too easy. Convolutional nets can achieve 99.7% on MNIST. Classic machine learning algorithms can also achieve 97% easily. Check out our side-by-side benchmark for Fashion-MNIST vs. MNIST, and read "Most pairs of MNIST digits can be distinguished pretty well by just one pixel."
- MNIST is overused. In this April 2017 Twitter thread, Google Brain research scientist and deep learning expert Ian Goodfellow calls for people to move away from MNIST.
- MNIST can not represent modern CV tasks, as noted in this April 2017 Twitter thread, deep learning expert/Keras author François Chollet.
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
**From the arXiv paper:**
Fashion-MNIST is based on the assortment on Zalando’s website. Every fashion product on Zalando has a set of pictures shot by professional photographers, demonstrating different aspects of the product, i.e. front and back looks, details, looks with model and in an outfit. The original picture has a light-gray background (hexadecimal color: #fdfdfd) and stored in 762 × 1000 JPEG format. For efficiently serving different frontend components, the original picture is resampled with multiple resolutions, e.g. large, medium, small, thumbnail and tiny.
We use the front look thumbnail images of 70,000 unique products to build Fashion-MNIST. Those products come from different gender groups: men, women, kids and neutral. In particular, whitecolor products are not included in the dataset as they have low contrast to the background. The thumbnails (51 × 73) are then fed into the following conversion pipeline:
1. Converting the input to a PNG image.
2. Trimming any edges that are close to the color of the corner pixels. The “closeness” is defined by the distance within 5% of the maximum possible intensity in RGB space.
3. Resizing the longest edge of the image to 28 by subsampling the pixels, i.e. some rows and columns are skipped over.
4. Sharpening pixels using a Gaussian operator of the radius and standard deviation of 1.0, with increasing effect near outlines.
5. Extending the shortest edge to 28 and put the image to the center of the canvas.
6. Negating the intensities of the image.
7. Converting the image to 8-bit grayscale pixels.
#### Who are the source language producers?
**From the arXiv paper:**
Every fashion product on Zalando has a set of pictures shot by professional photographers, demonstrating different aspects of the product, i.e. front and back looks, details, looks with model and in an outfit.
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
**From the arXiv paper:**
For the class labels, they use the silhouette code of the product. The silhouette code is manually labeled by the in-house fashion experts and reviewed by a separate team at Zalando. Each product Zalando is the Europe’s largest online fashion platform. Each product contains only one silhouette code.
#### Who are the annotators?
**From the arXiv paper:**
The silhouette code is manually labeled by the in-house fashion experts and reviewed by a separate team at Zalando.
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
Han Xiao and Kashif Rasul and Roland Vollgraf
### Licensing Information
MIT Licence
### Citation Information
```
@article{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-1708-07747,
author = {Han Xiao and
Kashif Rasul and
Roland Vollgraf},
title = {Fashion-MNIST: a Novel Image Dataset for Benchmarking Machine Learning
Algorithms},
journal = {CoRR},
volume = {abs/1708.07747},
year = {2017},
url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1708.07747},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
eprint = {1708.07747},
timestamp = {Mon, 13 Aug 2018 16:47:27 +0200},
biburl = {https://dblp.org/rec/bib/journals/corr/abs-1708-07747},
bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@gchhablani](https://github.com/gchablani) for adding this dataset. |
false |
# Dataset Card for "commonsense_qa"
## Table of Contents
- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** https://www.tau-nlp.org/commonsenseqa
- **Repository:** https://github.com/jonathanherzig/commonsenseqa
- **Paper:** https://arxiv.org/abs/1811.00937
- **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 4.68 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 2.18 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 6.86 MB
### Dataset Summary
CommonsenseQA is a new multiple-choice question answering dataset that requires different types of commonsense knowledge
to predict the correct answers . It contains 12,102 questions with one correct answer and four distractor answers.
The dataset is provided in two major training/validation/testing set splits: "Random split" which is the main evaluation
split, and "Question token split", see paper for details.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Languages
The dataset is in English (`en`).
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
#### default
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 4.68 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 2.18 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 6.86 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows:
```
{'id': '075e483d21c29a511267ef62bedc0461',
'question': 'The sanctions against the school were a punishing blow, and they seemed to what the efforts the school had made to change?',
'question_concept': 'punishing',
'choices': {'label': ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E'],
'text': ['ignore', 'enforce', 'authoritarian', 'yell at', 'avoid']},
'answerKey': 'A'}
```
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all splits.
#### default
- `id` (`str`): Unique ID.
- `question`: a `string` feature.
- `question_concept` (`str`): ConceptNet concept associated to the question.
- `choices`: a dictionary feature containing:
- `label`: a `string` feature.
- `text`: a `string` feature.
- `answerKey`: a `string` feature.
### Data Splits
| name | train | validation | test |
|---------|------:|-----------:|-----:|
| default | 9741 | 1221 | 1140 |
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Licensing Information
The dataset is licensed under the MIT License.
See: https://github.com/jonathanherzig/commonsenseqa/issues/5
### Citation Information
```
@inproceedings{talmor-etal-2019-commonsenseqa,
title = "{C}ommonsense{QA}: A Question Answering Challenge Targeting Commonsense Knowledge",
author = "Talmor, Alon and
Herzig, Jonathan and
Lourie, Nicholas and
Berant, Jonathan",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North {A}merican Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long and Short Papers)",
month = jun,
year = "2019",
address = "Minneapolis, Minnesota",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://aclanthology.org/N19-1421",
doi = "10.18653/v1/N19-1421",
pages = "4149--4158",
archivePrefix = "arXiv",
eprint = "1811.00937",
primaryClass = "cs",
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@thomwolf](https://github.com/thomwolf), [@lewtun](https://github.com/lewtun), [@albertvillanova](https://github.com/albertvillanova), [@patrickvonplaten](https://github.com/patrickvonplaten) for adding this dataset. |
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