id stringlengths 2 115 | lastModified stringlengths 24 24 | tags list | author stringlengths 2 42 ⌀ | description stringlengths 0 6.67k ⌀ | citation stringlengths 0 10.7k ⌀ | likes int64 0 3.66k | downloads int64 0 8.89M | created timestamp[us] | card stringlengths 11 977k | card_len int64 11 977k | embeddings list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mychen76/stack-exchange-paired-500k | 2023-09-01T23:55:09.000Z | [
"region:us"
] | mychen76 | null | null | 0 | 425 | 2023-09-01T23:18:07 | StackExchange Paired 500K is a subset of lvwerra/stack-exchange-paired
which is a processed version of the HuggingFaceH4/stack-exchange-preferences. The following steps were applied:
Parse HTML to Markdown with markdownify
Create pairs (response_j, response_k) where j was rated better than k
Sample at most 10 pairs per question
Shuffle the dataset globally
This dataset is designed to be used for preference learning.
---
license: mit
---
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Recognai/sentiment-banking | 2022-02-18T15:28:07.000Z | [
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kernelmachine/open-license-corpus | 2023-08-09T03:14:36.000Z | [
"task_categories:text-generation",
"size_categories:100B<n<1T",
"language:en",
"license:apache-2.0",
"region:us"
] | kernelmachine | null | null | 6 | 424 | 2023-08-08T23:21:52 | ---
license: apache-2.0
task_categories:
- text-generation
language:
- en
pretty_name: pubtext
size_categories:
- 100B<n<1T
---
# PubText
Welcome to the Open License Corpus (OLC), a 228B token corpus for training permissively-licensed language models.
**Disclaimer**: OLC should not be considered a universally safe-to-use dataset. We encourage users of OLC to consult a legal professional on the suitability of each data source for their application.
## Dataset Description
- **Repository:** [Silo LM repository](https://github.com/kernelmachine/silo-lm)
- **Paper:** [Silo LM paper](https://github.com/kernelmachine/silo-lm)
- **Point of Contact:** [Suchin Gururangan](mailto:sg01@cs.washington.edu)
### Dataset Summary
| Domain | Sources | Specific License | # BPE Tokens (in billions; GPT-NeoX tokenizer) |
|--------------|------------------------------------------------------|------------------|------------------|
| Legal | Case Law, Pile of Law (PD subset) | Public Domain | 27.1 |
| Legal | Pile of Law (CC BY-SA subset) | CC BY-SA | 0.07 |
| Code | Github (permissive) | MIT/BSD/Apache | 58.9 |
| Conversational| HackerNews, Ubuntu IRC | MIT/Apache | 5.9 |
| Conversational | Stack Overflow, Stack Exchange | CC BY-SA | 21.3 |
| Math | Deepmind Math, AMPS | Apache | 3.5 |
| Science | ArXiv abstracts, S2ORC (PD subset) | Public Domain | 1.2 |
| Science | S2ORC (CC BY-SA subset) | CC BY-SA | 70.3 |
| Books | Gutenberg | Public Domain | 2.9 |
| News | Public domain news | Public Domain | 0.2 |
| News | Wikinews | CC BY-SA | 0.01 |
| Encyclopedic | Wikipedia | CC BY-SA | 37.0 |
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
- `text-generation`: The dataset can be used to train a language model for text generation. The language model performance is evaluated based on perplexity.
### Languages
OLC is primarily an English-language dataset, but also contains some data in other languages (primarily in the Wikipedia subset, which draws on the [Red Pajama](https://github.com/togethercomputer/RedPajama-Data) data collection)
## Dataset Structure
The dataset is a standard text-only structure, separated into each subset that we include in the paper.
```
from datasets import load_dataset
dataset = load_dataset('kernelmachine/open-license-corpus', 'pd_law', streaming=True)['train']
```
To use a collection of sources, you should specify each individually and interleave, like so:
```
from datasets import interleave_datasets, load_dataset
d1 = load_dataset('kernelmachine/open-license-corpus', 'pd_law', streaming=True)['train']
d2 = load_dataset('kernelmachine/open-license-corpus', 'sw_github', streaming=True)['train']
d1_d2 = interleave_datasets([d1,d2], probabilities=[0.8, 0.2], seed=42)
```
### Data Instances and Fields
The dataset is standard text only structure, e.g. `{"text": "this is a document"}`. We do not add any other fields to documents.
### Data Splits
We only include the training data in this repository.
For validation data, in the paper we use the Pile validation data, which we decontaminate OLC against using a deduplication script (see more below).
The Pile validation data that we use in the paper can be found [here]().
## Dataset Creation
### License Taxonomy
* **Public Domain (PD):** Public domain text has no restrictions.
* **Permissively licensed software (SW):** including MIT, Apache, and BSD software.
* **Attribution licenses (BY):** such as Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) are free to use as long as "credit is given to the creator."
* **All other data:** that is not in one of the above three categories is assumed to be non-permissive. This includes: any text that is explicitly protected by copyright or licenses that are non-commercial (e.g., CC-NC), any software without clear MIT, BSD, or Apache licenses, and any generic web-crawled data where the license or copyright information may be unclear.
### Building OLC
Based on this taxonomy of licenses OLC, a 228B token corpus of PD, SW, and BY data. OLC consists of 17 manually-selected sources of
primarily English text that are under permissive licenses.
The text generally falls into eight different domains:
* **Legal:** We curate legal text from the Pile of Law, an amalgation of 31 different sources of text related to civil court cases, patents, and other legal and governmental works, either licensed as public domain or CC-BY. We also gather public domain text from the Case Law Access Project, which covers over 6.5 million decisions published by state and federal courts throughout U.S. history.
* **Code:** We use the Github subset of the RedPajama dataset, which contains code from Github repositories with three permissive software licenses: MIT, Apache, and BSD.
* **Conversation:** We source conversational text under permissive software licenses from the HackerNews (MIT license) and the Ubuntu IRC (Apache license) subsets of the Pile. We also use the Stackexchange subset of the RedPajama dataset and a Stackoverflow corpus from Kaggle, both under the CC-BY-SA license.
* **Math:** We source mathematical text from the Deepmind Mathematics and the AMPS datasets, both of which are under the Apache license.
* **Science:** We source scientific text from ArXiv abstracts that are in the public domain. We also collect full-text articles from the Semantic Scholar Research Corpus (S2ORC), either licensed as public domain or CC-BY.
* **Books:** We source books from the Gutenberg corpus, which are copyright-expired books that are in the public domain.
* **News:** We collect public domain news text from the English subset of the MOT corpus. We also collect text from Wikinews, which is under CC BY-SA.
* **Encyclopedic:** Finally, we include a large set of Wikipedia from the subset included in RedPajama.We follow RedPajama in using Wikipedia snapshots from 20 languages even though the model primarily focuses on English.
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
We deduplicate text using a document-level filter that considers $n$-gram overlap. We first deduplicate within each domain to remove redundant documents from similar sources (e.g. Case Law and the Pile of Law), and then then perform deduplication against the validation and test datasets of the Pile to avoid test leakage.
We do not perform any additional quality filtering, though some subsets (e.g. Github and Wikipedia) are already quality filtered by the original data curators of those subsets.
#### Who are the source language producers?
The source language producers vary by domain; the Legal subset primarily contains governmental documents, while the Github subset contains code repositories written by the public. We refer to each data source for further information.
### Annotations
The dataset does not contain any additional annotations.
#### Annotation process
[N/A]
#### Who are the annotators?
[N/A]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
We do not perform additional filtering to remove personally identifiable information, so it is possible that certain subsets still pose privacy risks despite being permissively licensed.
## Considerations for Using the Data
Please see the disclaimer above. The license associated with a document may be time- and country-dependent Moreover, other legal constraints may prohibit the use of a data source despite a permissive data license. We encourage users of PubText to consult a legal professional on the suitability of each data source for their application.
### Social Impact of Dataset
OLC is the first multidomain, permissively licensed corpus, which can enable language models that align better to data-use regulations such as the fair-use doctrine in the United States and the GPDR in the European Union.
### Discussion of Biases and Limitations
While OLC mitigates copyright and privacy risks, it may exacerbate certain fairness issues, like toxicity towards marginalized groups and racial biases, especially due to the prevalence of older copyright-expired books in the training data.
In addition, OLC relies on explicit metadata to identify licenses, which may lead to underestimates of the amount and diversity of permissively licensed text actually available on the web.
### Dataset Curators
OLC was curated by the authors of SILO language models.
### Licensing Information
We release this corpus under the Apache 2.0 license.
### Citation Information
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smangrul/hf-stack-v1 | 2023-07-27T08:02:56.000Z | [
"region:us"
] | smangrul | null | null | 7 | 422 | 2023-07-27T07:59:23 | ---
dataset_info:
features:
- name: repo_id
dtype: string
- name: file_path
dtype: string
- name: content
dtype: string
- name: __index_level_0__
dtype: int64
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 91907731
num_examples: 5905
download_size: 30589828
dataset_size: 91907731
---
# Dataset Card for "hf-stack-v1"
[More Information needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards) | 478 | [
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jason-lee08/TinyStoriesExclamationValidation2 | 2023-09-15T20:28:30.000Z | [
"region:us"
] | jason-lee08 | null | null | 0 | 422 | 2023-09-15T20:28:29 | ---
dataset_info:
features:
- name: validation
dtype: string
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 168184
num_examples: 220
download_size: 89488
dataset_size: 168184
---
# Dataset Card for "TinyStoriesExclamationValidation2"
[More Information needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards) | 376 | [
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pierreguillou/DocLayNet-small | 2023-05-17T08:56:10.000Z | [
"task_categories:object-detection",
"task_categories:image-segmentation",
"task_categories:token-classification",
"task_ids:instance-segmentation",
"annotations_creators:crowdsourced",
"size_categories:1K<n<10K",
"language:en",
"language:de",
"language:fr",
"language:ja",
"license:other",
"DocLayNet",
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"Government-Tenders",
"object-detection",
"image-segmentation",
"token-classification",
"arxiv:2206.01062",
"region:us"
] | pierreguillou | Accurate document layout analysis is a key requirement for high-quality PDF document conversion. With the recent availability of public, large ground-truth datasets such as PubLayNet and DocBank, deep-learning models have proven to be very effective at layout detection and segmentation. While these datasets are of adequate size to train such models, they severely lack in layout variability since they are sourced from scientific article repositories such as PubMed and arXiv only. Consequently, the accuracy of the layout segmentation drops significantly when these models are applied on more challenging and diverse layouts. In this paper, we present \textit{DocLayNet}, a new, publicly available, document-layout annotation dataset in COCO format. It contains 80863 manually annotated pages from diverse data sources to represent a wide variability in layouts. For each PDF page, the layout annotations provide labelled bounding-boxes with a choice of 11 distinct classes. DocLayNet also provides a subset of double- and triple-annotated pages to determine the inter-annotator agreement. In multiple experiments, we provide smallline accuracy scores (in mAP) for a set of popular object detection models. We also demonstrate that these models fall approximately 10\% behind the inter-annotator agreement. Furthermore, we provide evidence that DocLayNet is of sufficient size. Lastly, we compare models trained on PubLayNet, DocBank and DocLayNet, showing that layout predictions of the DocLayNet-trained models are more robust and thus the preferred choice for general-purpose document-layout analysis. | @article{doclaynet2022,
title = {DocLayNet: A Large Human-Annotated Dataset for Document-Layout Analysis},
doi = {10.1145/3534678.353904},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.01062},
author = {Pfitzmann, Birgit and Auer, Christoph and Dolfi, Michele and Nassar, Ahmed S and Staar, Peter W J},
year = {2022}
} | 7 | 421 | 2023-01-25T17:47:43 | ---
language:
- en
- de
- fr
- ja
annotations_creators:
- crowdsourced
license: other
pretty_name: DocLayNet small
size_categories:
- 1K<n<10K
tags:
- DocLayNet
- COCO
- PDF
- IBM
- Financial-Reports
- Finance
- Manuals
- Scientific-Articles
- Science
- Laws
- Law
- Regulations
- Patents
- Government-Tenders
- object-detection
- image-segmentation
- token-classification
task_categories:
- object-detection
- image-segmentation
- token-classification
task_ids:
- instance-segmentation
---
# Dataset Card for DocLayNet small
## About this card (01/27/2023)
### Property and license
All information from this page but the content of this paragraph "About this card (01/27/2023)" has been copied/pasted from [Dataset Card for DocLayNet](https://huggingface.co/datasets/ds4sd/DocLayNet).
DocLayNet is a dataset created by Deep Search (IBM Research) published under [license CDLA-Permissive-1.0](https://huggingface.co/datasets/ds4sd/DocLayNet#licensing-information).
I do not claim any rights to the data taken from this dataset and published on this page.
### DocLayNet dataset
[DocLayNet dataset](https://github.com/DS4SD/DocLayNet) (IBM) provides page-by-page layout segmentation ground-truth using bounding-boxes for 11 distinct class labels on 80863 unique pages from 6 document categories.
Until today, the dataset can be downloaded through direct links or as a dataset from Hugging Face datasets:
- direct links: [doclaynet_core.zip](https://codait-cos-dax.s3.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud/dax-doclaynet/1.0.0/DocLayNet_core.zip) (28 GiB), [doclaynet_extra.zip](https://codait-cos-dax.s3.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud/dax-doclaynet/1.0.0/DocLayNet_extra.zip) (7.5 GiB)
- Hugging Face dataset library: [dataset DocLayNet](https://huggingface.co/datasets/ds4sd/DocLayNet)
Paper: [DocLayNet: A Large Human-Annotated Dataset for Document-Layout Analysis](https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.01062) (06/02/2022)
### Processing into a format facilitating its use by HF notebooks
These 2 options require the downloading of all the data (approximately 30GBi), which requires downloading time (about 45 mn in Google Colab) and a large space on the hard disk. These could limit experimentation for people with low resources.
Moreover, even when using the download via HF datasets library, it is necessary to download the EXTRA zip separately ([doclaynet_extra.zip](https://codait-cos-dax.s3.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud/dax-doclaynet/1.0.0/DocLayNet_extra.zip), 7.5 GiB) to associate the annotated bounding boxes with the text extracted by OCR from the PDFs. This operation also requires additional code because the boundings boxes of the texts do not necessarily correspond to those annotated (a calculation of the percentage of area in common between the boundings boxes annotated and those of the texts makes it possible to make a comparison between them).
At last, in order to use Hugging Face notebooks on fine-tuning layout models like LayoutLMv3 or LiLT, DocLayNet data must be processed in a proper format.
For all these reasons, I decided to process the DocLayNet dataset:
- into 3 datasets of different sizes:
- [DocLayNet small](https://huggingface.co/datasets/pierreguillou/DocLayNet-small) (about 1% of DocLayNet) < 1.000k document images (691 train, 64 val, 49 test)
- [DocLayNet base](https://huggingface.co/datasets/pierreguillou/DocLayNet-base) (about 10% of DocLayNet) < 10.000k document images (6910 train, 648 val, 499 test)
- [DocLayNet large](https://huggingface.co/datasets/pierreguillou/DocLayNet-large) (about 100% of DocLayNet) < 100.000k document images (69.103 train, 6.480 val, 4.994 test)
- with associated texts and PDFs (base64 format),
- and in a format facilitating their use by HF notebooks.
*Note: the layout HF notebooks will greatly help participants of the IBM [ICDAR 2023 Competition on Robust Layout Segmentation in Corporate Documents](https://ds4sd.github.io/icdar23-doclaynet/)!*
### About PDFs languages
Citation of the page 3 of the [DocLayNet paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.01062):
"We did not control the document selection with regard to language. **The vast majority of documents contained in DocLayNet (close to 95%) are published in English language.** However, **DocLayNet also contains a number of documents in other languages such as German (2.5%), French (1.0%) and Japanese (1.0%)**. While the document language has negligible impact on the performance of computer vision methods such as object detection and segmentation models, it might prove challenging for layout analysis methods which exploit textual features."
### About PDFs categories distribution
Citation of the page 3 of the [DocLayNet paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.01062):
"The pages in DocLayNet can be grouped into **six distinct categories**, namely **Financial Reports, Manuals, Scientific Articles, Laws & Regulations, Patents and Government Tenders**. Each document category was sourced from various repositories. For example, Financial Reports contain both free-style format annual reports which expose company-specific, artistic layouts as well as the more formal SEC filings. The two largest categories (Financial Reports and Manuals) contain a large amount of free-style layouts in order to obtain maximum variability. In the other four categories, we boosted the variability by mixing documents from independent providers, such as different government websites or publishers. In Figure 2, we show the document categories contained in DocLayNet with their respective sizes."
### Download & overview
The size of the DocLayNet small is about 1% of the DocLayNet dataset (random selection respectively in the train, val and test files).
```
# !pip install -q datasets
from datasets import load_dataset
dataset_small = load_dataset("pierreguillou/DocLayNet-small")
# overview of dataset_small
DatasetDict({
train: Dataset({
features: ['id', 'texts', 'bboxes_block', 'bboxes_line', 'categories', 'image', 'pdf', 'page_hash', 'original_filename', 'page_no', 'num_pages', 'original_width', 'original_height', 'coco_width', 'coco_height', 'collection', 'doc_category'],
num_rows: 691
})
validation: Dataset({
features: ['id', 'texts', 'bboxes_block', 'bboxes_line', 'categories', 'image', 'pdf', 'page_hash', 'original_filename', 'page_no', 'num_pages', 'original_width', 'original_height', 'coco_width', 'coco_height', 'collection', 'doc_category'],
num_rows: 64
})
test: Dataset({
features: ['id', 'texts', 'bboxes_block', 'bboxes_line', 'categories', 'image', 'pdf', 'page_hash', 'original_filename', 'page_no', 'num_pages', 'original_width', 'original_height', 'coco_width', 'coco_height', 'collection', 'doc_category'],
num_rows: 49
})
})
```
### Annotated bounding boxes
The DocLayNet base makes easy to display document image with the annotaed bounding boxes of paragraphes or lines.
Check the notebook [processing_DocLayNet_dataset_to_be_used_by_layout_models_of_HF_hub.ipynb](https://github.com/piegu/language-models/blob/master/processing_DocLayNet_dataset_to_be_used_by_layout_models_of_HF_hub.ipynb) in order to get the code.
#### Paragraphes
#### Lines
### HF notebooks
- [notebooks LayoutLM](https://github.com/NielsRogge/Transformers-Tutorials/tree/master/LayoutLM) (Niels Rogge)
- [notebooks LayoutLMv2](https://github.com/NielsRogge/Transformers-Tutorials/tree/master/LayoutLMv2) (Niels Rogge)
- [notebooks LayoutLMv3](https://github.com/NielsRogge/Transformers-Tutorials/tree/master/LayoutLMv3) (Niels Rogge)
- [notebooks LiLT](https://github.com/NielsRogge/Transformers-Tutorials/tree/master/LiLT) (Niels Rogge)
- [Document AI: Fine-tuning LiLT for document-understanding using Hugging Face Transformers](https://github.com/philschmid/document-ai-transformers/blob/main/training/lilt_funsd.ipynb) ([post](https://www.philschmid.de/fine-tuning-lilt#3-fine-tune-and-evaluate-lilt) of Phil Schmid)
## Table of Contents
- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** https://developer.ibm.com/exchanges/data/all/doclaynet/
- **Repository:** https://github.com/DS4SD/DocLayNet
- **Paper:** https://doi.org/10.1145/3534678.3539043
- **Leaderboard:**
- **Point of Contact:**
### Dataset Summary
DocLayNet provides page-by-page layout segmentation ground-truth using bounding-boxes for 11 distinct class labels on 80863 unique pages from 6 document categories. It provides several unique features compared to related work such as PubLayNet or DocBank:
1. *Human Annotation*: DocLayNet is hand-annotated by well-trained experts, providing a gold-standard in layout segmentation through human recognition and interpretation of each page layout
2. *Large layout variability*: DocLayNet includes diverse and complex layouts from a large variety of public sources in Finance, Science, Patents, Tenders, Law texts and Manuals
3. *Detailed label set*: DocLayNet defines 11 class labels to distinguish layout features in high detail.
4. *Redundant annotations*: A fraction of the pages in DocLayNet are double- or triple-annotated, allowing to estimate annotation uncertainty and an upper-bound of achievable prediction accuracy with ML models
5. *Pre-defined train- test- and validation-sets*: DocLayNet provides fixed sets for each to ensure proportional representation of the class-labels and avoid leakage of unique layout styles across the sets.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
We are hosting a competition in ICDAR 2023 based on the DocLayNet dataset. For more information see https://ds4sd.github.io/icdar23-doclaynet/.
## Dataset Structure
### Data Fields
DocLayNet provides four types of data assets:
1. PNG images of all pages, resized to square `1025 x 1025px`
2. Bounding-box annotations in COCO format for each PNG image
3. Extra: Single-page PDF files matching each PNG image
4. Extra: JSON file matching each PDF page, which provides the digital text cells with coordinates and content
The COCO image record are defined like this example
```js
...
{
"id": 1,
"width": 1025,
"height": 1025,
"file_name": "132a855ee8b23533d8ae69af0049c038171a06ddfcac892c3c6d7e6b4091c642.png",
// Custom fields:
"doc_category": "financial_reports" // high-level document category
"collection": "ann_reports_00_04_fancy", // sub-collection name
"doc_name": "NASDAQ_FFIN_2002.pdf", // original document filename
"page_no": 9, // page number in original document
"precedence": 0, // Annotation order, non-zero in case of redundant double- or triple-annotation
},
...
```
The `doc_category` field uses one of the following constants:
```
financial_reports,
scientific_articles,
laws_and_regulations,
government_tenders,
manuals,
patents
```
### Data Splits
The dataset provides three splits
- `train`
- `val`
- `test`
## Dataset Creation
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
The labeling guideline used for training of the annotation experts are available at [DocLayNet_Labeling_Guide_Public.pdf](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/DS4SD/DocLayNet/main/assets/DocLayNet_Labeling_Guide_Public.pdf).
#### Who are the annotators?
Annotations are crowdsourced.
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
The dataset is curated by the [Deep Search team](https://ds4sd.github.io/) at IBM Research.
You can contact us at [deepsearch-core@zurich.ibm.com](mailto:deepsearch-core@zurich.ibm.com).
Curators:
- Christoph Auer, [@cau-git](https://github.com/cau-git)
- Michele Dolfi, [@dolfim-ibm](https://github.com/dolfim-ibm)
- Ahmed Nassar, [@nassarofficial](https://github.com/nassarofficial)
- Peter Staar, [@PeterStaar-IBM](https://github.com/PeterStaar-IBM)
### Licensing Information
License: [CDLA-Permissive-1.0](https://cdla.io/permissive-1-0/)
### Citation Information
```bib
@article{doclaynet2022,
title = {DocLayNet: A Large Human-Annotated Dataset for Document-Layout Segmentation},
doi = {10.1145/3534678.353904},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3534678.3539043},
author = {Pfitzmann, Birgit and Auer, Christoph and Dolfi, Michele and Nassar, Ahmed S and Staar, Peter W J},
year = {2022},
isbn = {9781450393850},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 28th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining},
pages = {3743–3751},
numpages = {9},
location = {Washington DC, USA},
series = {KDD '22}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@dolfim-ibm](https://github.com/dolfim-ibm), [@cau-git](https://github.com/cau-git) for adding this dataset. | 13,864 | [
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nomic-ai/gpt4all-j-prompt-generations | 2023-04-24T15:20:43.000Z | [
"size_categories:100K<n<1M",
"language:en",
"license:apache-2.0",
"region:us"
] | nomic-ai | null | null | 164 | 421 | 2023-04-10T21:59:10 | ---
dataset_info:
features:
- name: prompt
dtype: string
- name: response
dtype: string
- name: source
dtype: string
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 1774285641
num_examples: 808812
download_size: 990673616
dataset_size: 1774285641
license: apache-2.0
language:
- en
size_categories:
- 100K<n<1M
---
# Dataset Card for [GPT4All-J Prompt Generations]
## Dataset Description
Dataset used to train [GPT4All-J](https://huggingface.co/nomic-ai/gpt4all-j) and [GPT4All-J-LoRA](https://huggingface.co/nomic-ai/gpt4all-j-lora)
We release several versions of datasets
- **v1.0:** The original dataset we used to finetune GPT-J on
- **v1.1-breezy**: A filtered dataset where we removed all instances of `AI language model`
- **v1.2-jazzy**: A filtered dataset where we also removed instances like `I'm sorry, I can't answer...` and `AI language model`
- **v1.3-groovy**: The v1.2 dataset with ShareGPT and Dolly added with ~8% of semantic duplicates removed from the dataset using [Atlas](https://atlas.nomic.ai/)
The dataset defaults to `main` which is `v1.0`. To download a specific version, you can pass an argument to the keyword `revision` in `load_dataset`:
```python
from datasets import load_dataset
jazzy = load_dataset("nomic-ai/gpt4all-j-prompt-generations", revision='v1.2-jazzy')
```
- **Homepage:** [gpt4all.io](https://gpt4all.io/)
- **Repository:** [gpt4all](https://github.com/nomic-ai/gpt4all)
- **Paper:** [Technical Report](https://static.nomic.ai/gpt4all/2023_GPT4All-J_Technical_Report_2.pdf)
- **Atlas Map:** [Map of Prompts](https://atlas.nomic.ai/map/gpt4all-j-prompts-curated) and [Responses](https://atlas.nomic.ai/map/gpt4all-j-response-curated) | 1,709 | [
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] |
art | 2023-04-05T09:36:25.000Z | [
"task_categories:multiple-choice",
"task_categories:text-classification",
"task_ids:natural-language-inference",
"annotations_creators:crowdsourced",
"language_creators:found",
"multilinguality:monolingual",
"size_categories:100K<n<1M",
"source_datasets:original",
"language:en",
"license:unknown",
"abductive-natural-language-inference",
"arxiv:1908.05739",
"region:us"
] | null | the Abductive Natural Language Inference Dataset from AI2 | @InProceedings{anli,
author = {Chandra, Bhagavatula and Ronan, Le Bras and Chaitanya, Malaviya and Keisuke, Sakaguchi and Ari, Holtzman
and Hannah, Rashkin and Doug, Downey and Scott, Wen-tau Yih and Yejin, Choi},
title = {Abductive Commonsense Reasoning},
year = {2020}
} | 3 | 420 | 2022-03-02T23:29:22 | ---
annotations_creators:
- crowdsourced
language_creators:
- found
language:
- en
license:
- unknown
multilinguality:
- monolingual
size_categories:
- 100K<n<1M
source_datasets:
- original
task_categories:
- multiple-choice
- text-classification
task_ids:
- natural-language-inference
paperswithcode_id: art-dataset
pretty_name: Abductive Reasoning in narrative Text
tags:
- abductive-natural-language-inference
dataset_info:
features:
- name: observation_1
dtype: string
- name: observation_2
dtype: string
- name: hypothesis_1
dtype: string
- name: hypothesis_2
dtype: string
- name: label
dtype:
class_label:
names:
'0': '0'
'1': '1'
'2': '2'
config_name: anli
splits:
- name: validation
num_bytes: 312314
num_examples: 1532
- name: train
num_bytes: 34046304
num_examples: 169654
download_size: 5118294
dataset_size: 34358618
---
# Dataset Card for "art"
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [https://leaderboard.allenai.org/anli/submissions/get-started](https://leaderboard.allenai.org/anli/submissions/get-started)
- **Repository:** https://github.com/allenai/abductive-commonsense-reasoning
- **Paper:** [Abductive Commonsense Reasoning](https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.05739)
- **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 5.12 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 34.36 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 39.48 MB
### Dataset Summary
ART consists of over 20k commonsense narrative contexts and 200k explanations.
The Abductive Natural Language Inference Dataset from AI2.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Languages
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
#### anli
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 5.12 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 34.36 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 39.48 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"hypothesis_1": "Chad's car had all sorts of other problems besides alignment.",
"hypothesis_2": "Chad's car had all sorts of benefits other than being sexy.",
"label": 1,
"observation_1": "Chad went to get the wheel alignment measured on his car.",
"observation_2": "The mechanic provided a working alignment with new body work."
}
```
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all splits.
#### anli
- `observation_1`: a `string` feature.
- `observation_2`: a `string` feature.
- `hypothesis_1`: a `string` feature.
- `hypothesis_2`: a `string` feature.
- `label`: a classification label, with possible values including `0` (0), `1` (1), `2` (2).
### Data Splits
|name|train |validation|
|----|-----:|---------:|
|anli|169654| 1532|
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Licensing Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Citation Information
```
@inproceedings{Bhagavatula2020Abductive,
title={Abductive Commonsense Reasoning},
author={Chandra Bhagavatula and Ronan Le Bras and Chaitanya Malaviya and Keisuke Sakaguchi and Ari Holtzman and Hannah Rashkin and Doug Downey and Wen-tau Yih and Yejin Choi},
booktitle={International Conference on Learning Representations},
year={2020},
url={https://openreview.net/forum?id=Byg1v1HKDB}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@patrickvonplaten](https://github.com/patrickvonplaten), [@thomwolf](https://github.com/thomwolf), [@mariamabarham](https://github.com/mariamabarham), [@lewtun](https://github.com/lewtun), [@lhoestq](https://github.com/lhoestq) for adding this dataset. | 6,795 | [
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] |
rokset3/slimpajama | 2023-10-12T23:12:39.000Z | [
"region:us"
] | rokset3 | null | null | 0 | 420 | 2023-10-12T22:48:18 | ---
dataset_info:
features:
- name: text
dtype: string
- name: meta
struct:
- name: redpajama_set_name
dtype: string
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 23874206724
num_examples: 5489000
download_size: 13962151299
dataset_size: 23874206724
configs:
- config_name: default
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/train-*
---
# Dataset Card for "slimpajama"
[More Information needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards) | 531 | [
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mteb/twittersemeval2015-pairclassification | 2022-04-19T10:46:11.000Z | [
"region:us"
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nthngdy/ccnews_split | 2022-04-25T15:03:37.000Z | [
"region:us"
] | nthngdy | CC-News containing news articles from news sites all over the world The data is available on AWS S3 in the Common Crawl bucket at /crawl-data/CC-NEWS/. This version of the dataset has 708241 articles. It represents a small portion of English language subset of the CC-News dataset created using news-please(Hamborg et al.,2017) to collect and extract English language portion of CC-News. | @InProceedings{Hamborg2017,
author = {Hamborg, Felix and Meuschke, Norman and Breitinger, Corinna and Gipp, Bela},
title = {news-please: A Generic News Crawler and Extractor},
year = {2017},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 15th International Symposium of Information Science},
location = {Berlin},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.4120316},
pages = {218--223},
month = {March}
} | 0 | 416 | 2022-03-02T23:29:22 | Entry not found | 15 | [
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] |
iara-project/news-articles-ptbr-dataset | 2023-09-21T03:12:30.000Z | [
"region:us"
] | iara-project | null | null | 1 | 416 | 2023-09-17T19:11:32 | ---
configs:
- config_name: default
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/train-*
- split: test
path: data/test-*
dataset_info:
features:
- name: title
dtype: string
- name: text
dtype: string
- name: date
dtype: string
- name: category
dtype: string
- name: category_natural_language
dtype: string
- name: link
dtype: string
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 628987914
num_examples: 176114
- name: test
num_bytes: 627415372
num_examples: 176114
download_size: 770300096
dataset_size: 1256403286
---
# Dataset Card for "news-articles-ptbr-dataset"
[More Information needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards) | 757 | [
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generics_kb | 2023-06-07T12:35:34.000Z | [
"task_categories:other",
"annotations_creators:machine-generated",
"language_creators:found",
"multilinguality:monolingual",
"size_categories:10K<n<100K",
"size_categories:1M<n<10M",
"source_datasets:original",
"language:en",
"license:cc-by-4.0",
"knowledge-base",
"arxiv:2005.00660",
"region:us"
] | null | The GenericsKB contains 3.4M+ generic sentences about the world, i.e., sentences expressing general truths such as "Dogs bark," and "Trees remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere." Generics are potentially useful as a knowledge source for AI systems requiring general world knowledge. The GenericsKB is the first large-scale resource containing naturally occurring generic sentences (as opposed to extracted or crowdsourced triples), and is rich in high-quality, general, semantically complete statements. Generics were primarily extracted from three large text sources, namely the Waterloo Corpus, selected parts of Simple Wikipedia, and the ARC Corpus. A filtered, high-quality subset is also available in GenericsKB-Best, containing 1,020,868 sentences. We recommend you start with GenericsKB-Best. | @InProceedings{huggingface:dataset,
title = {GenericsKB: A Knowledge Base of Generic Statements},
authors={Sumithra Bhakthavatsalam, Chloe Anastasiades, Peter Clark},
year={2020},
publisher = {Allen Institute for AI},
} | 1 | 415 | 2022-03-02T23:29:22 | ---
annotations_creators:
- machine-generated
language_creators:
- found
language:
- en
license:
- cc-by-4.0
multilinguality:
- monolingual
size_categories:
- 10K<n<100K
- 1M<n<10M
source_datasets:
- original
task_categories:
- other
task_ids: []
paperswithcode_id: genericskb
pretty_name: GenericsKB
tags:
- knowledge-base
dataset_info:
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features:
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dtype: string
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dtype: string
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dtype: float64
splits:
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num_bytes: 99897719
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splits:
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splits:
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features:
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dtype: string
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splits:
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num_bytes: 4277214701
num_examples: 3666725
download_size: 0
dataset_size: 4277214701
config_names:
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- generics_kb_best
- generics_kb_simplewiki
- generics_kb_waterloo
---
# Dataset Card for Generics KB
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [Homepage](https://allenai.org/data/genericskb)
- **Repository:** [Repository](https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1vqfVXhJXJWuiiXbUa4rZjOgQoJvwZUoT)
- **Paper:** [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.00660.pdf)
- **Point of Contact:**[Sumithra Bhakthavatsalam](sumithrab@allenai.org)
[Chloe Anastasiades](chloea@allenai.org)
[Peter Clark](peterc@allenai.org)
Alternatively email_at info@allenai.org
### Dataset Summary
Dataset contains a large (3.5M+ sentence) knowledge base of *generic sentences*. This is the first large resource to contain *naturally occurring* generic sentences, rich in high-quality, general, semantically complete statements. All GenericsKB sentences are annotated with their topical term, surrounding context (sentences), and a (learned) confidence. We also release GenericsKB-Best (1M+ sentences), containing the best-quality generics in GenericsKB augmented with selected, synthesized generics from WordNet and ConceptNet. This demonstrates that GenericsKB can be a useful resource for NLP applications, as well as providing data for linguistic studies of generics and their semantics.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed]
### Languages
The dataset is in English.
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
The GENERICSKB contains 3,433,000 sentences. GENERICS-KB-BEST comprises of GENERICSKB generics with a score > 0.234, augmented with short generics synthesized from three other resources for all the terms (generic categories) in GENERICSKB- BEST. GENERICSKB-BEST contains 1,020,868 generics (774,621 from GENERICSKB plus 246,247 synthesized).
SimpleWikipedia is a filtered scrape of SimpleWikipedia pages (simple.wikipedia.org). The Waterloo corpus is 280GB of English plain text, gathered by Charles Clarke (Univ. Waterloo) using a webcrawler in 2001 from .edu domains.
###### Sample SimpleWikipedia/ Waterloo config look like this
```
{'source_name': 'SimpleWikipedia', 'sentence': 'Sepsis happens when the bacterium enters the blood and make it form tiny clots.', 'sentences_before': [], 'sentences_after': [], 'concept_name': 'sepsis', 'quantifiers': {}, 'id': 'SimpleWikipedia--tmp-sw-rs1-with-bug-fixes-initialprocessing-inputs-articles-with-clean-sentences-jsonl-c27816b298e1e0b5326916ee4e2fd0f1603caa77-100-Bubonic-plague--Different-kinds-of-the-same-disease--Septicemic-plague-0-0-039fbe9c11adde4ff9a829376ca7e0ed-1560874903-47882-/Users/chloea/Documents/aristo/commonsense/kbs/simplewikipedia/commonsense-filtered-good-rs1.jsonl-1f33b1e84018a2b1bfdf446f9a6491568b5585da-1561086091.8220549', 'bert_score': 0.8396177887916565}
```
###### Sample instance for Generics KB datasets look like this:
```
{'source': 'Waterloo', 'term': 'aardvark', 'quantifier_frequency': '', 'quantifier_number': '', 'generic_sentence': 'Aardvarks are very gentle animals.', 'score': '0.36080607771873474'}
{'source': 'TupleKB', 'term': 'aardvark', 'quantifier_frequency': '', 'quantifier_number': '', 'generic_sentence': 'Aardvarks dig burrows.', 'score': '1.0'}
```
### Data Fields
The fields in GenericsKB-Best.tsv and GenericsKB.tsv are as follows:
- `SOURCE`: denotes the source of the generic
- `TERM`: denotes the category that is the topic of the generic.
- `GENERIC SENTENCE`: is the sentence itself.
- `SCORE`: Is the BERT-trained score, measuring the degree to which the generic represents a "useful, general truth" about the world (as judged by crowdworkers). Score ranges from 0 (worst) to 1 (best). Sentences with scores below 0.23 (corresponding to an "unsure" vote by crowdworkers) are in GenericsKB, but are not part of GenericsKB-Best due to their unreliability.
- `QUANTIFIER_FREQUENCY`:For generics with explicit quantifiers (all, most, etc.) the quantifier is listed - Frequency contains values such as 'usually', 'often', 'frequently'
- `QUANTIFIER_NUMBER`: For generics with explicit quantifiers (all, most, etc.) with values such as 'all'|'any'|'most'|'much'|'some' etc...
The SimpleWiki/Waterloo generics from GenericsKB.tsv, but expanded to also include their surrounding context (before/after sentences). The Waterloo generics are the majority of GenericsKB. This zip file is 1.4GB expanding to 5.5GB.
There is a json representation for every generic statement in the Generics KB. The generic statement is stored under the `sentence` field within the `knowledge` object. There is also a `bert_score` associated with each sentence which is the BERT-based classifier's score for the 'genericness' of the statement. This score is meant to reflect how much generalized world knowledge/commonsense the statement captures vs only being contextually meaningful.
Detailed description of each of the fields:
- `source_name`: The name of the corpus the generic statement was picked from.
- `sentence`: The generic sentence.
- `sentences_before`: Provides context information surrounding the generic statement from the original corpus.Up to five sentences preceding the generic sentence in the original corpus.
- `sentences_after`: Up to five sentences following the generic sentence in the original corpus.
- `concept_name`: A concept that is the subject of the generic statement.
- `quantifiers`: The quantifiers for the key concept of the generic statement. There can be multiple quantifiers to allow for statements such as "All bats sometimes fly", where 'all' and 'sometimes' are both quantifiers reflecting number and frequency respectively.
- `id`: Unique identifier for a generic statement in the kb.
- `bert_score`: Score for the generic statement from the BERT-based generics classifier.
<br>**Additional fields that apply only to SimpleWiki dataset**
- `headings`: A breadcrumb of section/subsection headings from the top down to the location of the generic statement in the corpus. It applies to SimpleWikipedia which has a hierarchical structure.
- `categories`:The listed categories under which the source article falls. Applies to SimpleWikipedia.
### Data Splits
There are no splits.
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed]
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
Data was crawled. SimpleWikipedia is a filtered scrape of SimpleWikipedia pages (simple.wikipedia.org). The Waterloo corpus is 280GB of English plain text, gathered by Charles Clarke (Univ. Waterloo) using a webcrawler in 2001 from .edu domains.
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed]
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
Bert was used to decide whether the sentence is useful or not. Every sentence has a bert score.
#### Who are the annotators?
No annotations were made.
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed]
### Licensing Information
The GenericsKB is available under the Creative Commons - Attribution 4.0 International - licence.
As an informal summary, from https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, you are free to:
Share ― copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
Adapt ― remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
under the following terms:
Attribution ― You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and
indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner,
but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
No additional restrictions ― You may not apply legal terms or technological measures
that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
For details, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ or the or the included
file "Creative Commons ― Attribution 4.0 International ― CC BY 4.0.pdf" in this folder.
### Citation Information
```
@InProceedings{huggingface:dataset,
title = {GenericsKB: A Knowledge Base of Generic Statements},
authors={Sumithra Bhakthavatsalam, Chloe Anastasiades, Peter Clark},
year={2020},
publisher = {Allen Institute for AI},
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@bpatidar](https://github.com/bpatidar) for adding this dataset. | 11,851 | [
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qa_srl | 2022-11-18T21:40:16.000Z | [
"task_categories:question-answering",
"task_ids:multiple-choice-qa",
"task_ids:open-domain-qa",
"annotations_creators:expert-generated",
"language_creators:expert-generated",
"multilinguality:monolingual",
"size_categories:10K<n<100K",
"source_datasets:original",
"language:en",
"license:unknown",
"region:us"
] | null | The dataset contains question-answer pairs to model verbal predicate-argument structure. The questions start with wh-words (Who, What, Where, What, etc.) and contain a verb predicate in the sentence; the answers are phrases in the sentence.
There were 2 datsets used in the paper, newswire and wikipedia. Unfortunately the newswiredataset is built from CoNLL-2009 English training set that is covered under license
Thus, we are providing only Wikipedia training set here. Please check README.md for more details on newswire dataset.
For the Wikipedia domain, randomly sampled sentences from the English Wikipedia (excluding questions and sentences with fewer than 10 or more than 60 words) were taken.
This new dataset is designed to solve this great NLP task and is crafted with a lot of care. | @InProceedings{huggingface:dataset,
title = {QA-SRL: Question-Answer Driven Semantic Role Labeling},
authors={Luheng He, Mike Lewis, Luke Zettlemoyer},
year={2015}
publisher = {cs.washington.edu},
howpublished={\\url{https://dada.cs.washington.edu/qasrl/#page-top}},
} | 1 | 415 | 2022-03-02T23:29:22 | ---
annotations_creators:
- expert-generated
language_creators:
- expert-generated
language:
- en
license:
- unknown
multilinguality:
- monolingual
size_categories:
- 10K<n<100K
source_datasets:
- original
task_categories:
- question-answering
task_ids:
- multiple-choice-qa
- open-domain-qa
paperswithcode_id: qa-srl
pretty_name: QA-SRL
dataset_info:
features:
- name: sentence
dtype: string
- name: sent_id
dtype: string
- name: predicate_idx
dtype: int32
- name: predicate
dtype: string
- name: question
sequence: string
- name: answers
sequence: string
config_name: plain_text
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 1835549
num_examples: 6414
- name: validation
num_bytes: 632992
num_examples: 2183
- name: test
num_bytes: 637317
num_examples: 2201
download_size: 1087729
dataset_size: 3105858
---
# Dataset Card for QA-SRL
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [Homepage](https://dada.cs.washington.edu/qasrl/#page-top)
- **Annotation Tool:** [Annotation tool](https://github.com/luheng/qasrl_annotation)
- **Repository:** [Repository](https://dada.cs.washington.edu/qasrl/#dataset)
- **Paper:** [Qa_srl paper](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D15-1076.pdf)
- **Point of Contact:** [Luheng He](luheng@cs.washington.edu)
### Dataset Summary
we model predicate-argument structure of a sentence with a set of question-answer pairs. our method allows practical large-scale annotation of training data. We focus on semantic rather than syntactic annotation, and introduce a scalable method for gathering data that allows both training and evaluation.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed]
### Languages
This dataset is in english language.
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
We use question-answer pairs to model verbal predicate-argument structure. The questions start with wh-words (Who, What, Where, What, etc.) and contains a verb predicate in the sentence; the answers are phrases in the sentence. For example:
`UCD finished the 2006 championship as Dublin champions , by beating St Vincents in the final .`
Predicate | Question | Answer
---|---|---|
|Finished|Who finished something? | UCD
|Finished|What did someone finish?|the 2006 championship
|Finished|What did someone finish something as? |Dublin champions
|Finished|How did someone finish something? |by beating St Vincents in the final
|beating | Who beat someone? | UCD
|beating|When did someone beat someone? |in the final
|beating|Who did someone beat?| St Vincents
### Data Fields
Annotations provided are as follows:
- `sentence`: contains tokenized sentence
- `sent_id`: is the sentence identifier
- `predicate_idx`:the index of the predicate (its position in the sentence)
- `predicate`: the predicate token
- `question`: contains the question which is a list of tokens. The question always consists of seven slots, as defined in the paper. The empty slots are represented with a marker “_”. The question ends with question mark.
- `answer`: list of answers to the question
### Data Splits
Dataset | Sentences | Verbs | QAs
--- | --- | --- |---|
**newswire-train**|744|2020|4904|
**newswire-dev**|249|664|1606|
**newswire-test**|248|652|1599
**Wikipedia-train**|`1174`|`2647`|`6414`|
**Wikipedia-dev**|`392`|`895`|`2183`|
**Wikipedia-test**|`393`|`898`|`2201`|
**Please note**
This dataset only has wikipedia data. Newswire dataset needs CoNLL-2009 English training data to get the complete data. This training data is under license. Thus, newswire dataset is not included in this data.
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed]
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
We annotated over 3000 sentences (nearly 8,000 verbs) in total across two domains: newswire (PropBank) and Wikipedia.
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed]
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
non-expert annotators were given a short tutorial and a small set of sample annotations (about 10 sentences). Annotators were hired if they showed good understanding of English and the task. The entire screening process usually took less than 2 hours.
#### Who are the annotators?
10 part-time, non-exper annotators from Upwork (Previously oDesk)
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[Luheng He](luheng@cs.washington.edu)
### Licensing Information
[More Information Needed]
### Citation Information
```
@InProceedings{huggingface:dataset,
title = {QA-SRL: Question-Answer Driven Semantic Role Labeling},
authors={Luheng He, Mike Lewis, Luke Zettlemoyer},
year={2015}
publisher = {cs.washington.edu},
howpublished={\\url{https://dada.cs.washington.edu/qasrl/#page-top}},
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@bpatidar](https://github.com/bpatidar) for adding this dataset. | 6,186 | [
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mteb/twitterurlcorpus-pairclassification | 2022-04-19T10:29:01.000Z | [
"region:us"
] | mteb | null | null | 0 | 415 | 2022-04-19T10:27:43 | Entry not found | 15 | [
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] |
jondurbin/airoboros-2.2.1 | 2023-09-18T21:22:40.000Z | [
"license:other",
"region:us"
] | jondurbin | null | null | 19 | 415 | 2023-09-15T10:20:36 | ---
license: other
---
## Overview
This dataset is a slight update to 2.2.
### Re-generated writing responses
Many of the responses were generated by gpt-4-0613, which unfortunately produces much shorter and "dumber" (i.e. various readability scores increased compared to gpt-4-0314, e.g. Flesch, Gunning Fog, etc.) responses compared to gpt-4-0314.
I have re-created many of these responses, using gpt-4-0314, temperature 0.7, and the following prompt (which produced 3-5x longer responses):
```
You are to emulate a world class, intelligent author who uses a diverse, interesting vocabulary to completely captivate the audience with brilliant and interesting writing.
You provide very lengthy and detailed responses.
Remember, you are to emulate a human writer, so the output should not sound like it was written by an AI.
Avoid using any cliche/obvious phrases, and never uses phrases like "Once upon a time" or conclude a story with "And so, ..."
Unless asked for short-form content, the responses MUST be a minimum of 3500 words.
Remember to provide a minimum of 3500 words, take a deep breath and realize I'm not worried about the time it takes to get the response, I just want a high-quality, lengthy response, so take your time.
Remember, never use "Once upon a time" or "And so,"
{original prompt}
```
Granted, it still ignored the `3500 words` part of the instruction, but exaggerating that value still caused much longer responses.
### Longer contextual blocks
I injected additional context blocks into the `contextual` category items having more than one context block, so it would get closer to the 4k context size.
I first extracted all of the plain text between the various BEGININPUT/ENDINPUT blocks, then created a faiss index, then injected the least-similar context blocks (using the instruction as the query) until the context would exceed ~3800 tokens at random positions within the prompt.
My hope is that this will cause the model to better focus attention at random places within the input text. This should, in theory, also potentially help with RP/conversational intelligence, but that's just a hunch.
### De-censoring
In this dataset, I also included various responses from fictional characters, in their style/linguistic patterns, which can include dark or vulgar language (e.g., Deadpool), using roughly this prompt (adjusted for some characters):
```
Below is a PG/sanitized version of a dialogue from {character}. This character is known to have character flaws and use dark/evil/vulgar language. Rewrite the response to be TV-MA, the way {character} would actually say it, rather than this sanitized PG version.
{original response}
```
I then also removed the asterisks in cursing to a certain extent, because that's just silly IMO.
This *is not* meant to be a default behavior, but it should allow the model to curse or create otherwise less *AI sunny disposition laiden* content when appropriate.
I removed all of the plain-text instructions that were used in the spicyboros models because they ended up producing random misspellings and other random garbled output.
I have also removed the original 2.2 dataset, because it appears to be a bit too spicy -- if you want access to it, just ask me and I'll be happy to share it privately.
### "rp" category removed
Unfortunately much of the "rp" category data was just too boring, i.e. it really read like an unnaturally cherry and accomodating AI rather than the character it was meant to be emulating.
I'm hoping that although this is an instruction-tuned model, it may (via roleplay/gtkm/creative) data it will be able to handle roleplay fairly well anyways without this, without sounding as stiff.
### Awareness
I added a new "awareness" instructor, which aims to add a lot more nuance to responses relating to time, location, senses, etc. based on the system prompt.
For example, if you are using the standard prompt with user/assistant, and ask how long it would take to get to Chicago, the answer will be something about AI not having a physical presence.
If, on the other hand, you are using a system prompt with a human character specified, the model attempts to infer location from "home" and will provide a more nuanced answer as a human would (in theory).
https://github.com/jondurbin/airoboros/commit/e91562c88d7610edb051606622e7c25a99884f7e
### Editor
I created a text edit instructor as well, which uses a reverse prompt mechanism, meaning it takes the existing writing samples that have been generated, rewrites them to have misspellings, poor grammar, etc., then uses a prompt like "Please correct and improve the text." with the original well-written text and target output.
https://github.com/jondurbin/airoboros/commit/e60a68de5f9622320c9cfff3b238bd83cc7e373b
### Writing
I regenerated (almost) all of the training data that included "Once upon a time..." because it's too cliche and boring.
### Multiple choice
I created many more multiple choice questions, many of which have additional text context.
### Roleplay/conversation
I re-created all of the GTKM data this time around, removing the "USER: " and "ASSISTANT: " prefixes from the instructions/responses, so it's more compatible with existing interfaces.
The GTKM instructor now saves each round of "conversation" as a separate row in the output - previously it only saved the final response, which may not have been sufficient since I don't typically train on inputs.
### Summarization
I also included 500 examples from:
https://hf.co/datasets/mattpscott/airoboros-summarization
These are existing summarizarions from various public datasets, formatted to airoboros style contextual qa.
Thanks Matt!
### Usage/license info
Much (most) of the data was generated via gpt-4 API calls, which has a restriction in the ToS about "competing" models. Please seek legal advice if you plan to build or use a model that includes this dataset in a commercial setting. | 5,968 | [
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mrqa | 2022-11-18T21:30:01.000Z | [
"task_categories:question-answering",
"task_ids:extractive-qa",
"annotations_creators:found",
"language_creators:found",
"multilinguality:monolingual",
"size_categories:100K<n<1M",
"source_datasets:extended|drop",
"source_datasets:extended|hotpot_qa",
"source_datasets:extended|natural_questions",
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"arxiv:1903.00161",
"arxiv:1804.07927",
"arxiv:1704.04683",
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] | null | The MRQA 2019 Shared Task focuses on generalization in question answering.
An effective question answering system should do more than merely
interpolate from the training set to answer test examples drawn
from the same distribution: it should also be able to extrapolate
to out-of-distribution examples — a significantly harder challenge.
The dataset is a collection of 18 existing QA dataset (carefully selected
subset of them) and converted to the same format (SQuAD format). Among
these 18 datasets, six datasets were made available for training,
six datasets were made available for development, and the final six
for testing. The dataset is released as part of the MRQA 2019 Shared Task. | @inproceedings{fisch2019mrqa,
title={{MRQA} 2019 Shared Task: Evaluating Generalization in Reading Comprehension},
author={Adam Fisch and Alon Talmor and Robin Jia and Minjoon Seo and Eunsol Choi and Danqi Chen},
booktitle={Proceedings of 2nd Machine Reading for Reading Comprehension (MRQA) Workshop at EMNLP},
year={2019},
} | 10 | 414 | 2022-03-02T23:29:22 | ---
annotations_creators:
- found
language_creators:
- found
language:
- en
license:
- unknown
multilinguality:
- monolingual
size_categories:
- 100K<n<1M
source_datasets:
- extended|drop
- extended|hotpot_qa
- extended|natural_questions
- extended|race
- extended|search_qa
- extended|squad
- extended|trivia_qa
task_categories:
- question-answering
task_ids:
- extractive-qa
paperswithcode_id: mrqa-2019
pretty_name: MRQA 2019
dataset_info:
features:
- name: subset
dtype: string
- name: context
dtype: string
- name: context_tokens
sequence:
- name: tokens
dtype: string
- name: offsets
dtype: int32
- name: qid
dtype: string
- name: question
dtype: string
- name: question_tokens
sequence:
- name: tokens
dtype: string
- name: offsets
dtype: int32
- name: detected_answers
sequence:
- name: text
dtype: string
- name: char_spans
sequence:
- name: start
dtype: int32
- name: end
dtype: int32
- name: token_spans
sequence:
- name: start
dtype: int32
- name: end
dtype: int32
- name: answers
sequence: string
config_name: plain_text
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 4090681873
num_examples: 516819
- name: test
num_bytes: 57712177
num_examples: 9633
- name: validation
num_bytes: 484107026
num_examples: 58221
download_size: 1479518355
dataset_size: 4632501076
---
# Dataset Card for MRQA 2019
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [MRQA 2019 Shared Task](https://mrqa.github.io/2019/shared.html)
- **Repository:** [MRQA 2019 Github repository](https://github.com/mrqa/MRQA-Shared-Task-2019)
- **Paper:** [MRQA 2019 Shared Task: Evaluating Generalization in Reading Comprehension
](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09753)
- **Leaderboard:** [Shared task](https://mrqa.github.io/2019/shared.html)
- **Point of Contact:** [mrforqa@gmail.com](mrforqa@gmail.com)
### Dataset Summary
The MRQA 2019 Shared Task focuses on generalization in question answering. An effective question answering system should do more than merely interpolate from the training set to answer test examples drawn from the same distribution: it should also be able to extrapolate to out-of-distribution examples — a significantly harder challenge.
The dataset is a collection of 18 existing QA dataset (carefully selected subset of them) and converted to the same format (SQuAD format). Among these 18 datasets, six datasets were made available for training, six datasets were made available for development, and the final six for testing. The dataset is released as part of the MRQA 2019 Shared Task.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
From the official repository:
*The format of the task is extractive question answering. Given a question and context passage, systems must find the word or phrase in the document that best answers the question. While this format is somewhat restrictive, it allows us to leverage many existing datasets, and its simplicity helps us focus on out-of-domain generalization, instead of other important but orthogonal challenges.*
*We have adapted several existing datasets from their original formats and settings to conform to our unified extractive setting. Most notably:*
- *We provide only a single, length-limited context.*
- *There are no unanswerable or non-span answer questions.*
- *All questions have at least one accepted answer that is found exactly in the context.*
*A span is judged to be an exact match if it matches the answer string after performing normalization consistent with the SQuAD dataset. Specifically:*
- *The text is uncased.*
- *All punctuation is stripped.*
- *All articles `{a, an, the}` are removed.*
- *All consecutive whitespace markers are compressed to just a single normal space `' '`.*
Answers are evaluated using exact match and token-level F1 metrics. One can refer to the [mrqa_official_eval.py](https://github.com/mrqa/MRQA-Shared-Task-2019/blob/master/mrqa_official_eval.py) for evaluation.
### Languages
The text in the dataset is in English. The associated BCP-47 code is `en`.
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
An examples looks like this:
```
{
'qid': 'f43c83e38d1e424ea00f8ad3c77ec999',
'subset': 'SQuAD'
'context': 'CBS broadcast Super Bowl 50 in the U.S., and charged an average of $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyoncé and Bruno Mars, who headlined the Super Bowl XLVII and Super Bowl XLVIII halftime shows, respectively. It was the third-most watched U.S. broadcast ever.',
'context_tokens': {
'offsets': [0, 4, 14, 20, 25, 28, 31, 35, 39, 41, 45, 53, 56, 64, 67, 68, 70, 78, 82, 84, 94, 105, 112, 116, 120, 122, 126, 132, 137, 140, 149, 154, 158, 168, 171, 175, 183, 188, 194, 203, 208, 216, 222, 233, 241, 245, 251, 255, 257, 261, 271, 275, 281, 286, 292, 296, 302, 307, 314, 323, 328, 330, 342, 344, 347, 351, 355, 360, 361, 366, 374, 379, 389, 393],
'tokens': ['CBS', 'broadcast', 'Super', 'Bowl', '50', 'in', 'the', 'U.S.', ',', 'and', 'charged', 'an', 'average', 'of', '$', '5', 'million', 'for', 'a', '30-second', 'commercial', 'during', 'the', 'game', '.', 'The', 'Super', 'Bowl', '50', 'halftime', 'show', 'was', 'headlined', 'by', 'the', 'British', 'rock', 'group', 'Coldplay', 'with', 'special', 'guest', 'performers', 'Beyoncé', 'and', 'Bruno', 'Mars', ',', 'who', 'headlined', 'the', 'Super', 'Bowl', 'XLVII', 'and', 'Super', 'Bowl', 'XLVIII', 'halftime', 'shows', ',', 'respectively', '.', 'It', 'was', 'the', 'third', '-', 'most', 'watched', 'U.S.', 'broadcast', 'ever', '.']
},
'question': "Who was the main performer at this year's halftime show?",
'question_tokens': {
'offsets': [0, 4, 8, 12, 17, 27, 30, 35, 39, 42, 51, 55],
'tokens': ['Who', 'was', 'the', 'main', 'performer', 'at', 'this', 'year', "'s", 'halftime', 'show', '?']
},
'detected_answers': {
'char_spans': [
{
'end': [201],
'start': [194]
}, {
'end': [201],
'start': [194]
}, {
'end': [201],
'start': [194]
}
],
'text': ['Coldplay', 'Coldplay', 'Coldplay'],
'token_spans': [
{
'end': [38],
'start': [38]
}, {
'end': [38],
'start': [38]
}, {
'end': [38],
'start': [38]
}
]
},
'answers': ['Coldplay', 'Coldplay', 'Coldplay'],
}
```
### Data Fields
- `subset`: which of the dataset does this examples come from?
- `context`: This is the raw text of the supporting passage. Three special token types have been inserted: `[TLE]` precedes document titles, `[DOC]` denotes document breaks, and `[PAR]` denotes paragraph breaks. The maximum length of the context is 800 tokens.
- `context_tokens`: A tokenized version of the supporting passage, using spaCy. Each token is a tuple of the token string and token character offset. The maximum number of tokens is 800.
- `tokens`: list of tokens.
- `offets`: list of offsets.
- `qas`: A list of questions for the given context.
- `qid`: A unique identifier for the question. The `qid` is unique across all datasets.
- `question`: The raw text of the question.
- `question_tokens`: A tokenized version of the question. The tokenizer and token format is the same as for the context.
- `tokens`: list of tokens.
- `offets`: list of offsets.
- `detected_answers`: A list of answer spans for the given question that index into the context. For some datasets these spans have been automatically detected using searching heuristics. The same answer may appear multiple times in the text --- each of these occurrences is recorded. For example, if `42` is the answer, the context `"The answer is 42. 42 is the answer."`, has two occurrences marked.
- `text`: The raw text of the detected answer.
- `char_spans`: Inclusive (start, end) character spans (indexing into the raw context).
- `start`: start (single element)
- `end`: end (single element)
- `token_spans`: Inclusive (start, end) token spans (indexing into the tokenized context).
- `start`: start (single element)
- `end`: end (single element)
### Data Splits
**Training data**
| Dataset | Number of Examples |
| :-----: | :------: |
| [SQuAD](https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.05250) | 86,588 |
| [NewsQA](https://arxiv.org/abs/1611.09830) | 74,160 |
| [TriviaQA](https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.03551)| 61,688 |
| [SearchQA](https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.05179)| 117,384 |
| [HotpotQA](https://arxiv.org/abs/1809.09600)| 72,928 |
| [NaturalQuestions](https://ai.google/research/pubs/pub47761)| 104,071 |
**Development data**
This in-domain data may be used for helping develop models.
| Dataset | Examples |
| :-----: | :------: |
| [SQuAD](https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.05250) | 10,507 |
| [NewsQA](https://arxiv.org/abs/1611.09830) | 4,212 |
| [TriviaQA](https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.03551)| 7,785|
| [SearchQA](https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.05179)| 16,980 |
| [HotpotQA](https://arxiv.org/abs/1809.09600)| 5,904 |
| [NaturalQuestions](https://ai.google/research/pubs/pub47761)| 12,836 |
**Test data**
The final testing data only contain out-of-domain data.
| Dataset | Examples |
| :-----: | :------: |
| [BioASQ](http://bioasq.org/) | 1,504 |
| [DROP](https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.00161) | 1,503 |
| [DuoRC](https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.07927)| 1,501 |
| [RACE](https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.04683) | 674 |
| [RelationExtraction](https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.04115) | 2,948|
| [TextbookQA](http://ai2-website.s3.amazonaws.com/publications/CVPR17_TQA.pdf)| 1,503 |
From the official repository:
***Note:** As previously mentioned, the out-of-domain dataset have been modified from their original settings to fit the unified MRQA Shared Task paradigm. At a high level, the following two major modifications have been made:*
*1. All QA-context pairs are extractive. That is, the answer is selected from the context and not via, e.g., multiple-choice.*
*2. All contexts are capped at a maximum of `800` tokens. As a result, for longer contexts like Wikipedia articles, we only consider examples where the answer appears in the first `800` tokens.*
*As a result, some splits are harder than the original datasets (e.g., removal of multiple-choice in RACE), while some are easier (e.g., restricted context length in NaturalQuestions --- we use the short answer selection). Thus one should expect different performance ranges if comparing to previous work on these datasets.*
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
From the official repository:
*Both train and test datasets have the same format described above, but may differ in some of the following ways:*
- *Passage distribution: Test examples may involve passages from different sources (e.g., science, news, novels, medical abstracts, etc) with pronounced syntactic and lexical differences.*
- *Question distribution: Test examples may emphasize different styles of questions (e.g., entity-centric, relational, other tasks reformulated as QA, etc) which may come from different sources (e.g., crowdworkers, domain experts, exam writers, etc.)*
- *Joint distribution: Test examples may vary according to the relationship of the question to the passage (e.g., collected independent vs. dependent of evidence, multi-hop, etc)*
### Source Data
[More Information Needed]
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed]
### Annotations
[More Information Needed]
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed]
### Licensing Information
Unknown
### Citation Information
```
@inproceedings{fisch2019mrqa,
title={{MRQA} 2019 Shared Task: Evaluating Generalization in Reading Comprehension},
author={Adam Fisch and Alon Talmor and Robin Jia and Minjoon Seo and Eunsol Choi and Danqi Chen},
booktitle={Proceedings of 2nd Machine Reading for Reading Comprehension (MRQA) Workshop at EMNLP},
year={2019},
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@jimmycode](https://github.com/jimmycode), [@VictorSanh](https://github.com/VictorSanh) for adding this dataset. | 13,717 | [
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] |
NicolaiSivesind/ChatGPT-Research-Abstracts | 2023-05-11T17:00:58.000Z | [
"task_categories:text-classification",
"size_categories:10K<n<100k",
"language:en",
"license:cc",
"chatgpt",
"gpt",
"research abstracts",
"region:us"
] | NicolaiSivesind | null | null | 3 | 414 | 2023-04-30T21:09:44 | ---
license: cc
task_categories:
- text-classification
pretty_name: ChatGPT Research Abstracts - Labled text segments produced by humans and ChatGPT
size_categories:
- 10K<n<100k
language:
- en
tags:
- chatgpt
- gpt
- research abstracts
---
# ChatGPT-Research-Abstracts
This is a dataset created in relation to a bachelor thesis written by Nicolai Thorer Sivesind and Andreas Bentzen Winje. It contains human-produced and machine-generated text samples of scientific research abstracts.
A reformatted version for text-classification is available in the dataset collection [Human-vs-Machine](https://huggingface.co/datasets/NicolaiSivesind/human-vs-machine). In this collection, all samples are split into separate data points for real and generated, and labeled either 0 (human-produced) or 1 (machine-generated).
Specifications:
+ Generated samples are produced using the GPT-3.5 model, _GPT-3.5-turbo-0301_ (Snapshot of the model used in ChatGPT 1st of March, 2023).
+ Target content prompted using title of real abstract
+ Target word count equal to the human-produced abstract
+ Contains 10k data points of each class.
+ Created by Nicolai Thorer Sivesind
More information about production and contents will be added in the end of may 2023.
### Citation
Please use the following citation:
```
@misc {sivesind_2023,
author = { {Nicolai Thorer Sivesind}},
title = { ChatGPT-Generated-Abstracts },
year = 2023,
publisher = { Hugging Face }
}
```
More information about the dataset will be added once the thesis is finished (end of may 2023). | 1,591 | [
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princeton-nlp/SWE-bench | 2023-11-01T17:50:01.000Z | [
"arxiv:2310.06770",
"region:us"
] | princeton-nlp | null | null | 11 | 414 | 2023-10-10T04:56:03 | ---
dataset_info:
features:
- name: instance_id
dtype: string
- name: base_commit
dtype: string
- name: hints_text
dtype: string
- name: created_at
dtype: string
- name: test_patch
dtype: string
- name: repo
dtype: string
- name: problem_statement
dtype: string
- name: version
dtype: string
- name: FAIL_TO_PASS
dtype: string
- name: PASS_TO_PASS
dtype: string
- name: environment_setup_commit
dtype: string
- name: patch
dtype: string
splits:
- name: dev
num_bytes: 7293241
num_examples: 244
- name: test
num_bytes: 41880503
num_examples: 2294
- name: train
num_bytes: 367610377
num_examples: 19008
download_size: 120278284
dataset_size: 416784121
configs:
- config_name: default
data_files:
- split: dev
path: data/dev-*
- split: test
path: data/test-*
- split: train
path: data/train-*
---
### Dataset Summary
SWE-bench is a dataset that tests systems’ ability to solve GitHub issues automatically. The dataset collects 2,294 Issue-Pull Request pairs from 12 popular Python. Evaluation is performed by unit test verification using post-PR behavior as the reference solution.
The dataset was released as part of [SWE-bench: Can Language Models Resolve Real-World GitHub Issues?](https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.06770)
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
SWE-bench proposes a new task: issue resolution provided a full repository and GitHub issue. The leaderboard can be found at www.swebench.com
### Languages
The text of the dataset is primarily English, but we make no effort to filter or otherwise clean based on language type.
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
An example of a SWE-bench datum is as follows:
```
instance_id: (str) - A formatted instance identifier, usually as repo_owner__repo_name-PR-number.
patch: (str) - The gold patch, the patch generated by the PR (minus test-related code), that resolved the issue.
repo: (str) - The repository owner/name identifier from GitHub.
base_commit: (str) - The commit hash of the repository representing the HEAD of the repository before the solution PR is applied.
hints_text: (str) - Comments made on the issue prior to the creation of the solution PR’s first commit creation date.
created_at: (str) - The creation date of the pull request.
test_patch: (str) - A test-file patch that was contributed by the solution PR.
problem_statement: (str) - The issue title and body.
version: (str) - Installation version to use for running evaluation.
environment_setup_commit: (str) - commit hash to use for environment setup and installation.
FAIL_TO_PASS: (str) - A json list of strings that represent the set of tests resolved by the PR and tied to the issue resolution.
PASS_TO_PASS: (str) - A json list of strings that represent tests that should pass before and after the PR application.
```
[More Information needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards) | 3,022 | [
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thefcraft/civitai-stable-diffusion-337k | 2023-09-26T07:10:40.000Z | [
"annotations_creators:no-annotation",
"language_creators:thefcraft",
"size_categories:1M<n<10M",
"source_datasets:civitai",
"language:en",
"region:us"
] | thefcraft | null | null | 10 | 413 | 2023-04-28T08:49:21 | ---
annotations_creators:
- no-annotation
language_creators:
- thefcraft
language:
- en
pretty_name: civitai-stable-diffusion-337k
size_categories:
- 1M<n<10M
source_datasets:
- civitai
---
### How to Use
```
from datasets import load_dataset
dataset = load_dataset("thefcraft/civitai-stable-diffusion-337k")
print(dataset['train'][0])
```
### download images
download zip files from images dir
https://huggingface.co/datasets/thefcraft/civitai-stable-diffusion-337k/tree/main/images
it contains some images with id
```
from zipfile import ZipFile
with ZipFile("filename.zip", 'r') as zObject: zObject.extractall()
```
### Dataset Summary
GitHub URL:- https://github.com/thefcraft/civitai-stable-diffusion-337k
dataset:- civitai-stable-diffusion-337k this dataset contains 337k civitai images url with prompts etc. i use civitai api to get all prompts.
project:- https://github.com/thefcraft/nsfw-prompt-detection-sd I train a model on this dataset
DATA STRUCTURE for othertype/civitai.json:-
```{
'items':[
{'id': 100657,
'url': 'https://imagecache.civitai.com/xG1nkqKTMzGDvpLrqFT7WA/2338276a-87f7-4a1e-f92a-776a18ee4200/width=768/2338276a-87f7-4a1e-f92a-776a18ee4200.jpeg',
'hash': 'U5Exz_00.8D$t89Z%M0100~VD*RktQxaIU~p',
'width': 768,
'height': 1368,
'nsfw': True,
'createdAt': '2023-02-14T10:05:11.498Z',
'postId': 60841,
'stats': {'cryCount': 0,
'laughCount': 0,
'likeCount': 26,
'dislikeCount': 0,
'heartCount': 50,
'commentCount': 4},
'meta': {'ENSD': '31337',
'Size': '512x912',
'seed': 3994946333,
'Model': 'AbyssOrangeMix2_sfw',
'steps': 20,
'prompt': '<lora:hiqcg_body-epoch-000004:0.5>, <lora:hiqcg_face-epoch-000004:0.4>, hiqcgbody, hiqcgface, 1girl, full body, standing, \ndetailed skin texture, detailed cloth texture, beautiful detailed face,\nmasterpiece, best quality, ultra detailed, 8k, intricate details,',
'sampler': 'DPM++ 2M Karras',
'cfgScale': 7,
'Clip skip': '2',
'resources': [{'hash': '038ba203d8',
'name': 'AbyssOrangeMix2_sfw',
'type': 'model'}],
'Model hash': '038ba203d8',
'Hires upscale': '1.5',
'Hires upscaler': 'Latent',
'negativePrompt': 'EasyNegative, extra fingers,fewer fingers, multiple girls, multiple views,',
'Denoising strength': '0.6'},
'username': 'NeoClassicalRibbon'},
{..},
..],
'metadata':{'totalItems': 327145}
}
```
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break_data | 2023-04-05T09:42:04.000Z | [
"task_categories:text2text-generation",
"task_ids:open-domain-abstractive-qa",
"annotations_creators:crowdsourced",
"language_creators:crowdsourced",
"multilinguality:monolingual",
"size_categories:10K<n<100K",
"source_datasets:original",
"language:en",
"license:unknown",
"region:us"
] | null | Break is a human annotated dataset of natural language questions and their Question Decomposition Meaning Representations
(QDMRs). Break consists of 83,978 examples sampled from 10 question answering datasets over text, images and databases.
This repository contains the Break dataset along with information on the exact data format. | @article{Wolfson2020Break,
title={Break It Down: A Question Understanding Benchmark},
author={Wolfson, Tomer and Geva, Mor and Gupta, Ankit and Gardner, Matt and Goldberg, Yoav and Deutch, Daniel and Berant, Jonathan},
journal={Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
year={2020},
} | 0 | 411 | 2022-03-02T23:29:22 | ---
annotations_creators:
- crowdsourced
language_creators:
- crowdsourced
language:
- en
license:
- unknown
multilinguality:
- monolingual
size_categories:
- 10K<n<100K
source_datasets:
- original
task_categories:
- text2text-generation
task_ids:
- open-domain-abstractive-qa
paperswithcode_id: break
pretty_name: BREAK
dataset_info:
- config_name: QDMR-high-level
features:
- name: question_id
dtype: string
- name: question_text
dtype: string
- name: decomposition
dtype: string
- name: operators
dtype: string
- name: split
dtype: string
splits:
- name: test
num_bytes: 482339
num_examples: 3195
- name: train
num_bytes: 5148086
num_examples: 17503
- name: validation
num_bytes: 914780
num_examples: 3130
download_size: 15971078
dataset_size: 6545205
- config_name: QDMR-high-level-lexicon
features:
- name: source
dtype: string
- name: allowed_tokens
dtype: string
splits:
- name: test
num_bytes: 4240755
num_examples: 3195
- name: train
num_bytes: 23234518
num_examples: 17503
- name: validation
num_bytes: 4158679
num_examples: 3130
download_size: 15971078
dataset_size: 31633952
- config_name: QDMR
features:
- name: question_id
dtype: string
- name: question_text
dtype: string
- name: decomposition
dtype: string
- name: operators
dtype: string
- name: split
dtype: string
splits:
- name: test
num_bytes: 900632
num_examples: 8069
- name: train
num_bytes: 12790466
num_examples: 44321
- name: validation
num_bytes: 2237472
num_examples: 7760
download_size: 15971078
dataset_size: 15928570
- config_name: QDMR-lexicon
features:
- name: source
dtype: string
- name: allowed_tokens
dtype: string
splits:
- name: test
num_bytes: 10331822
num_examples: 8069
- name: train
num_bytes: 56913064
num_examples: 44321
- name: validation
num_bytes: 9936933
num_examples: 7760
download_size: 15971078
dataset_size: 77181819
- config_name: logical-forms
features:
- name: question_id
dtype: string
- name: question_text
dtype: string
- name: decomposition
dtype: string
- name: operators
dtype: string
- name: split
dtype: string
- name: program
dtype: string
splits:
- name: test
num_bytes: 927038
num_examples: 8006
- name: train
num_bytes: 19821676
num_examples: 44098
- name: validation
num_bytes: 3504893
num_examples: 7719
download_size: 15971078
dataset_size: 24253607
---
# Dataset Card for "break_data"
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [https://github.com/allenai/Break](https://github.com/allenai/Break)
- **Repository:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Paper:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 79.86 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 155.55 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 235.39 MB
### Dataset Summary
Break is a human annotated dataset of natural language questions and their Question Decomposition Meaning Representations
(QDMRs). Break consists of 83,978 examples sampled from 10 question answering datasets over text, images and databases.
This repository contains the Break dataset along with information on the exact data format.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Languages
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
#### QDMR
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 15.97 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 15.93 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 31.90 MB
An example of 'validation' looks as follows.
```
{
"decomposition": "return flights ;return #1 from denver ;return #2 to philadelphia ;return #3 if available",
"operators": "['select', 'filter', 'filter', 'filter']",
"question_id": "ATIS_dev_0",
"question_text": "what flights are available tomorrow from denver to philadelphia ",
"split": "dev"
}
```
#### QDMR-high-level
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 15.97 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 6.54 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 22.51 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"decomposition": "return ground transportation ;return #1 which is available ;return #2 from the pittsburgh airport ;return #3 to downtown ;return the cost of #4",
"operators": "['select', 'filter', 'filter', 'filter', 'project']",
"question_id": "ATIS_dev_102",
"question_text": "what ground transportation is available from the pittsburgh airport to downtown and how much does it cost ",
"split": "dev"
}
```
#### QDMR-high-level-lexicon
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 15.97 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 31.64 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 47.61 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"allowed_tokens": "\"['higher than', 'same as', 'what ', 'and ', 'than ', 'at most', 'he', 'distinct', 'House', 'two', 'at least', 'or ', 'date', 'o...",
"source": "What office, also held by a member of the Maine House of Representatives, did James K. Polk hold before he was president?"
}
```
#### QDMR-lexicon
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 15.97 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 77.19 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 93.16 MB
An example of 'validation' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"allowed_tokens": "\"['higher than', 'same as', 'what ', 'and ', 'than ', 'at most', 'distinct', 'two', 'at least', 'or ', 'date', 'on ', '@@14@@', ...",
"source": "what flights are available tomorrow from denver to philadelphia "
}
```
#### logical-forms
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 15.97 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 24.25 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 40.22 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"decomposition": "return ground transportation ;return #1 which is available ;return #2 from the pittsburgh airport ;return #3 to downtown ;return the cost of #4",
"operators": "['select', 'filter', 'filter', 'filter', 'project']",
"program": "some program",
"question_id": "ATIS_dev_102",
"question_text": "what ground transportation is available from the pittsburgh airport to downtown and how much does it cost ",
"split": "dev"
}
```
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all splits.
#### QDMR
- `question_id`: a `string` feature.
- `question_text`: a `string` feature.
- `decomposition`: a `string` feature.
- `operators`: a `string` feature.
- `split`: a `string` feature.
#### QDMR-high-level
- `question_id`: a `string` feature.
- `question_text`: a `string` feature.
- `decomposition`: a `string` feature.
- `operators`: a `string` feature.
- `split`: a `string` feature.
#### QDMR-high-level-lexicon
- `source`: a `string` feature.
- `allowed_tokens`: a `string` feature.
#### QDMR-lexicon
- `source`: a `string` feature.
- `allowed_tokens`: a `string` feature.
#### logical-forms
- `question_id`: a `string` feature.
- `question_text`: a `string` feature.
- `decomposition`: a `string` feature.
- `operators`: a `string` feature.
- `split`: a `string` feature.
- `program`: a `string` feature.
### Data Splits
| name |train|validation|test|
|-----------------------|----:|---------:|---:|
|QDMR |44321| 7760|8069|
|QDMR-high-level |17503| 3130|3195|
|QDMR-high-level-lexicon|17503| 3130|3195|
|QDMR-lexicon |44321| 7760|8069|
|logical-forms |44098| 7719|8006|
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Licensing Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Citation Information
```
@article{Wolfson2020Break,
title={Break It Down: A Question Understanding Benchmark},
author={Wolfson, Tomer and Geva, Mor and Gupta, Ankit and Gardner, Matt and Goldberg, Yoav and Deutch, Daniel and Berant, Jonathan},
journal={Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
year={2020},
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@patrickvonplaten](https://github.com/patrickvonplaten), [@lewtun](https://github.com/lewtun), [@thomwolf](https://github.com/thomwolf) for adding this dataset. | 11,724 | [
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search_qa | 2023-06-16T09:03:21.000Z | [
"task_categories:question-answering",
"task_ids:extractive-qa",
"annotations_creators:found",
"language_creators:found",
"multilinguality:monolingual",
"size_categories:100K<n<1M",
"source_datasets:original",
"language:en",
"license:unknown",
"arxiv:1704.05179",
"region:us"
] | null | We publicly release a new large-scale dataset, called SearchQA, for machine comprehension, or question-answering. Unlike recently released datasets, such as DeepMind
CNN/DailyMail and SQuAD, the proposed SearchQA was constructed to reflect a full pipeline of general question-answering. That is, we start not from an existing article
and generate a question-answer pair, but start from an existing question-answer pair, crawled from J! Archive, and augment it with text snippets retrieved by Google.
Following this approach, we built SearchQA, which consists of more than 140k question-answer pairs with each pair having 49.6 snippets on average. Each question-answer-context
tuple of the SearchQA comes with additional meta-data such as the snippet's URL, which we believe will be valuable resources for future research. We conduct human evaluation
as well as test two baseline methods, one simple word selection and the other deep learning based, on the SearchQA. We show that there is a meaningful gap between the human
and machine performances. This suggests that the proposed dataset could well serve as a benchmark for question-answering. | null | 10 | 411 | 2022-03-02T23:29:22 | ---
annotations_creators:
- found
language:
- en
language_creators:
- found
license:
- unknown
multilinguality:
- monolingual
pretty_name: SearchQA
size_categories:
- 100K<n<1M
source_datasets:
- original
task_categories:
- question-answering
task_ids:
- extractive-qa
paperswithcode_id: searchqa
dataset_info:
- config_name: raw_jeopardy
features:
- name: category
dtype: string
- name: air_date
dtype: string
- name: question
dtype: string
- name: value
dtype: string
- name: answer
dtype: string
- name: round
dtype: string
- name: show_number
dtype: int32
- name: search_results
sequence:
- name: urls
dtype: string
- name: snippets
dtype: string
- name: titles
dtype: string
- name: related_links
dtype: string
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 7770972348
num_examples: 216757
download_size: 3314386157
dataset_size: 7770972348
- config_name: train_test_val
features:
- name: category
dtype: string
- name: air_date
dtype: string
- name: question
dtype: string
- name: value
dtype: string
- name: answer
dtype: string
- name: round
dtype: string
- name: show_number
dtype: int32
- name: search_results
sequence:
- name: urls
dtype: string
- name: snippets
dtype: string
- name: titles
dtype: string
- name: related_links
dtype: string
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 5303005740
num_examples: 151295
- name: test
num_bytes: 1466749978
num_examples: 43228
- name: validation
num_bytes: 740962715
num_examples: 21613
download_size: 3148550732
dataset_size: 7510718433
---
# Dataset Card for "search_qa"
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Repository:** https://github.com/nyu-dl/dl4ir-searchQA
- **Paper:** [SearchQA: A New Q&A Dataset Augmented with Context from a Search Engine](https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.05179)
- **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 6.46 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 15.28 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 21.74 GB
### Dataset Summary
We publicly release a new large-scale dataset, called SearchQA, for machine comprehension, or question-answering. Unlike recently released datasets, such as DeepMind
CNN/DailyMail and SQuAD, the proposed SearchQA was constructed to reflect a full pipeline of general question-answering. That is, we start not from an existing article
and generate a question-answer pair, but start from an existing question-answer pair, crawled from J! Archive, and augment it with text snippets retrieved by Google.
Following this approach, we built SearchQA, which consists of more than 140k question-answer pairs with each pair having 49.6 snippets on average. Each question-answer-context
tuple of the SearchQA comes with additional meta-data such as the snippet's URL, which we believe will be valuable resources for future research. We conduct human evaluation
as well as test two baseline methods, one simple word selection and the other deep learning based, on the SearchQA. We show that there is a meaningful gap between the human
and machine performances. This suggests that the proposed dataset could well serve as a benchmark for question-answering.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Languages
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
#### raw_jeopardy
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 3.31 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 7.77 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 11.09 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
```
#### train_test_val
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 3.15 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 7.51 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 10.66 GB
An example of 'validation' looks as follows.
```
```
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all splits.
#### raw_jeopardy
- `category`: a `string` feature.
- `air_date`: a `string` feature.
- `question`: a `string` feature.
- `value`: a `string` feature.
- `answer`: a `string` feature.
- `round`: a `string` feature.
- `show_number`: a `int32` feature.
- `search_results`: a dictionary feature containing:
- `urls`: a `string` feature.
- `snippets`: a `string` feature.
- `titles`: a `string` feature.
- `related_links`: a `string` feature.
#### train_test_val
- `category`: a `string` feature.
- `air_date`: a `string` feature.
- `question`: a `string` feature.
- `value`: a `string` feature.
- `answer`: a `string` feature.
- `round`: a `string` feature.
- `show_number`: a `int32` feature.
- `search_results`: a dictionary feature containing:
- `urls`: a `string` feature.
- `snippets`: a `string` feature.
- `titles`: a `string` feature.
- `related_links`: a `string` feature.
### Data Splits
#### raw_jeopardy
| |train |
|------------|-----:|
|raw_jeopardy|216757|
#### train_test_val
| |train |validation|test |
|--------------|-----:|---------:|----:|
|train_test_val|151295| 21613|43228|
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Licensing Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Citation Information
```
@article{DBLP:journals/corr/DunnSHGCC17,
author = {Matthew Dunn and
Levent Sagun and
Mike Higgins and
V. Ugur G{"{u}}ney and
Volkan Cirik and
Kyunghyun Cho},
title = {SearchQA: {A} New Q{\&}A Dataset Augmented with Context from a
Search Engine},
journal = {CoRR},
volume = {abs/1704.05179},
year = {2017},
url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1704.05179},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
eprint = {1704.05179},
timestamp = {Mon, 13 Aug 2018 16:47:09 +0200},
biburl = {https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/DunnSHGCC17.bib},
bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@lewtun](https://github.com/lewtun), [@mariamabarham](https://github.com/mariamabarham), [@lhoestq](https://github.com/lhoestq), [@thomwolf](https://github.com/thomwolf) for adding this dataset. | 9,405 | [
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polinaeterna/amazon_us_reviews | 2023-06-09T17:56:17.000Z | [
"task_categories:summarization",
"task_categories:text-generation",
"task_categories:fill-mask",
"task_categories:text-classification",
"task_ids:text-scoring",
"task_ids:language-modeling",
"task_ids:masked-language-modeling",
"task_ids:sentiment-classification",
"task_ids:sentiment-scoring",
"task_ids:topic-classification",
"annotations_creators:no-annotation",
"language_creators:found",
"multilinguality:monolingual",
"size_categories:100M<n<1B",
"source_datasets:original",
"language:en",
"license:other",
"region:us"
] | polinaeterna | Amazon Customer Reviews (a.k.a. Product Reviews) is one of Amazons iconic products. In a period of over two decades since the first review in 1995, millions of Amazon customers have contributed over a hundred million reviews to express opinions and describe their experiences regarding products on the Amazon.com website. This makes Amazon Customer Reviews a rich source of information for academic researchers in the fields of Natural Language Processing (NLP), Information Retrieval (IR), and Machine Learning (ML), amongst others. Accordingly, we are releasing this data to further research in multiple disciplines related to understanding customer product experiences. Specifically, this dataset was constructed to represent a sample of customer evaluations and opinions, variation in the perception of a product across geographical regions, and promotional intent or bias in reviews.
Over 130+ million customer reviews are available to researchers as part of this release. The data is available in TSV files in the amazon-reviews-pds S3 bucket in AWS US East Region. Each line in the data files corresponds to an individual review (tab delimited, with no quote and escape characters).
Each Dataset contains the following columns:
- marketplace: 2 letter country code of the marketplace where the review was written.
- customer_id: Random identifier that can be used to aggregate reviews written by a single author.
- review_id: The unique ID of the review.
- product_id: The unique Product ID the review pertains to. In the multilingual dataset the reviews for the same product in different countries can be grouped by the same product_id.
- product_parent: Random identifier that can be used to aggregate reviews for the same product.
- product_title: Title of the product.
- product_category: Broad product category that can be used to group reviews (also used to group the dataset into coherent parts).
- star_rating: The 1-5 star rating of the review.
- helpful_votes: Number of helpful votes.
- total_votes: Number of total votes the review received.
- vine: Review was written as part of the Vine program.
- verified_purchase: The review is on a verified purchase.
- review_headline: The title of the review.
- review_body: The review text.
- review_date: The date the review was written. | \ | 0 | 411 | 2023-06-09T17:56:16 | ---
annotations_creators:
- no-annotation
language_creators:
- found
language:
- en
license:
- other
multilinguality:
- monolingual
size_categories:
- 100M<n<1B
source_datasets:
- original
task_categories:
- summarization
- text-generation
- fill-mask
- text-classification
task_ids:
- text-scoring
- language-modeling
- masked-language-modeling
- sentiment-classification
- sentiment-scoring
- topic-classification
pretty_name: Amazon US Reviews
dataset_info:
- config_name: Books_v1_01
features:
- name: marketplace
dtype: string
- name: customer_id
dtype: string
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dtype: string
- name: product_category
dtype: string
- name: star_rating
dtype: int32
- name: helpful_votes
dtype: int32
- name: total_votes
dtype: int32
- name: vine
dtype:
class_label:
names:
'0': 'N'
'1': 'Y'
- name: verified_purchase
dtype:
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- name: review_headline
dtype: string
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dtype: string
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dtype: string
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 6997552259
num_examples: 6106719
download_size: 2692708591
dataset_size: 6997552259
- config_name: Watches_v1_00
features:
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dtype: string
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splits:
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num_bytes: 458976082
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dataset_size: 458976082
- config_name: Personal_Care_Appliances_v1_00
features:
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dtype: string
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splits:
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num_bytes: 49036547
num_examples: 85981
download_size: 17634794
dataset_size: 49036547
- config_name: Mobile_Electronics_v1_00
features:
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dtype: string
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dtype: string
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duplicated_from: amazon_us_reviews
---
# Dataset Card for "amazon_us_reviews"
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [https://s3.amazonaws.com/amazon-reviews-pds/readme.html](https://s3.amazonaws.com/amazon-reviews-pds/readme.html)
- **Repository:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Paper:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 32377.29 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 82820.19 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 115197.49 MB
### Dataset Summary
Amazon Customer Reviews (a.k.a. Product Reviews) is one of Amazons iconic products. In a period of over two decades since the first review in 1995, millions of Amazon customers have contributed over a hundred million reviews to express opinions and describe their experiences regarding products on the Amazon.com website. This makes Amazon Customer Reviews a rich source of information for academic researchers in the fields of Natural Language Processing (NLP), Information Retrieval (IR), and Machine Learning (ML), amongst others. Accordingly, we are releasing this data to further research in multiple disciplines related to understanding customer product experiences. Specifically, this dataset was constructed to represent a sample of customer evaluations and opinions, variation in the perception of a product across geographical regions, and promotional intent or bias in reviews.
Over 130+ million customer reviews are available to researchers as part of this release. The data is available in TSV files in the amazon-reviews-pds S3 bucket in AWS US East Region. Each line in the data files corresponds to an individual review (tab delimited, with no quote and escape characters).
Each Dataset contains the following columns :
marketplace - 2 letter country code of the marketplace where the review was written.
customer_id - Random identifier that can be used to aggregate reviews written by a single author.
review_id - The unique ID of the review.
product_id - The unique Product ID the review pertains to. In the multilingual dataset the reviews
for the same product in different countries can be grouped by the same product_id.
product_parent - Random identifier that can be used to aggregate reviews for the same product.
product_title - Title of the product.
product_category - Broad product category that can be used to group reviews
(also used to group the dataset into coherent parts).
star_rating - The 1-5 star rating of the review.
helpful_votes - Number of helpful votes.
total_votes - Number of total votes the review received.
vine - Review was written as part of the Vine program.
verified_purchase - The review is on a verified purchase.
review_headline - The title of the review.
review_body - The review text.
review_date - The date the review was written.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Languages
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
#### Apparel_v1_00
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 648.64 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 2254.36 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 2903.00 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"customer_id": "45223824",
"helpful_votes": 0,
"marketplace": "US",
"product_category": "Apparel",
"product_id": "B016PUU3VO",
"product_parent": "893588059",
"product_title": "Fruit of the Loom Boys' A-Shirt (Pack of 4)",
"review_body": "I ordered the same size as I ordered last time, and these shirts were much larger than the previous order. They were also about 6 inches longer. It was like they sent men's shirts instead of boys' shirts. I'll be returning these...",
"review_date": "2015-01-01",
"review_headline": "Sizes not correct, too big overall and WAY too long",
"review_id": "R1N3Z13931J3O9",
"star_rating": 2,
"total_votes": 0,
"verified_purchase": 1,
"vine": 0
}
```
#### Automotive_v1_00
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 582.15 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1518.88 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 2101.03 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"customer_id": "16825098",
"helpful_votes": 0,
"marketplace": "US",
"product_category": "Automotive",
"product_id": "B000E4PCGE",
"product_parent": "694793259",
"product_title": "00-03 NISSAN SENTRA MIRROR RH (PASSENGER SIDE), Power, Non-Heated (2000 00 2001 01 2002 02 2003 03) NS35ER 963015M000",
"review_body": "Product was as described, new and a great look. Only bad thing is that one of the screws was stripped so I couldn't tighten all three.",
"review_date": "2015-08-31",
"review_headline": "new and a great look. Only bad thing is that one of ...",
"review_id": "R2RUIDUMDKG7P",
"star_rating": 3,
"total_votes": 0,
"verified_purchase": 1,
"vine": 0
}
```
#### Baby_v1_00
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 357.40 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 956.30 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 1313.70 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"customer_id": "23299101",
"helpful_votes": 2,
"marketplace": "US",
"product_category": "Baby",
"product_id": "B00SN6F9NG",
"product_parent": "3470998",
"product_title": "Rhoost Nail Clipper for Baby - Ergonomically Designed and Easy to Use Baby Nail Clipper, Natural Wooden Bamboo - Baby Health and Personal Care Kits",
"review_body": "\"This is an absolute MUST item to have! I was scared to death to clip my baby's nails. I tried other baby nail clippers and th...",
"review_date": "2015-08-31",
"review_headline": "If fits so comfortably in my hand and I feel like I have ...",
"review_id": "R2DRL5NRODVQ3Z",
"star_rating": 5,
"total_votes": 2,
"verified_purchase": 1,
"vine": 0
}
```
#### Beauty_v1_00
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 914.08 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 2397.39 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 3311.47 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"customer_id": "24655453",
"helpful_votes": 1,
"marketplace": "US",
"product_category": "Beauty",
"product_id": "B00SAQ9DZY",
"product_parent": "292127037",
"product_title": "12 New, High Quality, Amber 2 ml (5/8 Dram) Glass Bottles, with Orifice Reducer and Black Cap.",
"review_body": "These are great for small mixtures for EO's, especially for traveling. I only gave this 4 stars because of the orifice reducer. The hole is so small it is hard to get the oil out. Just needs to be slightly bigger.",
"review_date": "2015-08-31",
"review_headline": "Good Product",
"review_id": "R2A30ALEGLMCGN",
"star_rating": 4,
"total_votes": 1,
"verified_purchase": 1,
"vine": 0
}
```
#### Books_v1_00
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 2740.34 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 7193.86 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 9934.20 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"customer_id": "49735028",
"helpful_votes": 0,
"marketplace": "US",
"product_category": "Books",
"product_id": "0664254969",
"product_parent": "248307276",
"product_title": "Presbyterian Creeds: A Guide to the Book of Confessions",
"review_body": "\"The Presbyterian Book of Confessions contains multiple Creeds for use by the denomination. This guidebook helps he lay person t...",
"review_date": "2015-08-31",
"review_headline": "The Presbyterian Book of Confessions contains multiple Creeds for use ...",
"review_id": "R2G519UREHRO8M",
"star_rating": 3,
"total_votes": 1,
"verified_purchase": 1,
"vine": 0
}
```
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all splits.
#### Apparel_v1_00
- `marketplace`: a `string` feature.
- `customer_id`: a `string` feature.
- `review_id`: a `string` feature.
- `product_id`: a `string` feature.
- `product_parent`: a `string` feature.
- `product_title`: a `string` feature.
- `product_category`: a `string` feature.
- `star_rating`: a `int32` feature.
- `helpful_votes`: a `int32` feature.
- `total_votes`: a `int32` feature.
- `vine`: a classification label, with possible values including `Y` (0), `N` (1).
- `verified_purchase`: a classification label, with possible values including `Y` (0), `N` (1).
- `review_headline`: a `string` feature.
- `review_body`: a `string` feature.
- `review_date`: a `string` feature.
#### Automotive_v1_00
- `marketplace`: a `string` feature.
- `customer_id`: a `string` feature.
- `review_id`: a `string` feature.
- `product_id`: a `string` feature.
- `product_parent`: a `string` feature.
- `product_title`: a `string` feature.
- `product_category`: a `string` feature.
- `star_rating`: a `int32` feature.
- `helpful_votes`: a `int32` feature.
- `total_votes`: a `int32` feature.
- `vine`: a classification label, with possible values including `Y` (0), `N` (1).
- `verified_purchase`: a classification label, with possible values including `Y` (0), `N` (1).
- `review_headline`: a `string` feature.
- `review_body`: a `string` feature.
- `review_date`: a `string` feature.
#### Baby_v1_00
- `marketplace`: a `string` feature.
- `customer_id`: a `string` feature.
- `review_id`: a `string` feature.
- `product_id`: a `string` feature.
- `product_parent`: a `string` feature.
- `product_title`: a `string` feature.
- `product_category`: a `string` feature.
- `star_rating`: a `int32` feature.
- `helpful_votes`: a `int32` feature.
- `total_votes`: a `int32` feature.
- `vine`: a classification label, with possible values including `Y` (0), `N` (1).
- `verified_purchase`: a classification label, with possible values including `Y` (0), `N` (1).
- `review_headline`: a `string` feature.
- `review_body`: a `string` feature.
- `review_date`: a `string` feature.
#### Beauty_v1_00
- `marketplace`: a `string` feature.
- `customer_id`: a `string` feature.
- `review_id`: a `string` feature.
- `product_id`: a `string` feature.
- `product_parent`: a `string` feature.
- `product_title`: a `string` feature.
- `product_category`: a `string` feature.
- `star_rating`: a `int32` feature.
- `helpful_votes`: a `int32` feature.
- `total_votes`: a `int32` feature.
- `vine`: a classification label, with possible values including `Y` (0), `N` (1).
- `verified_purchase`: a classification label, with possible values including `Y` (0), `N` (1).
- `review_headline`: a `string` feature.
- `review_body`: a `string` feature.
- `review_date`: a `string` feature.
#### Books_v1_00
- `marketplace`: a `string` feature.
- `customer_id`: a `string` feature.
- `review_id`: a `string` feature.
- `product_id`: a `string` feature.
- `product_parent`: a `string` feature.
- `product_title`: a `string` feature.
- `product_category`: a `string` feature.
- `star_rating`: a `int32` feature.
- `helpful_votes`: a `int32` feature.
- `total_votes`: a `int32` feature.
- `vine`: a classification label, with possible values including `Y` (0), `N` (1).
- `verified_purchase`: a classification label, with possible values including `Y` (0), `N` (1).
- `review_headline`: a `string` feature.
- `review_body`: a `string` feature.
- `review_date`: a `string` feature.
### Data Splits
| name | train |
|----------------|-------:|
|Apparel_v1_00 | 5906333|
|Automotive_v1_00 | 3514942|
|Baby_v1_00 | 1752932|
|Beauty_v1_00 | 5115666|
|Books_v1_00 | 10319090|
|Books_v1_01 | 6106719|
|Books_v1_02 | 3105520|
|Camera_v1_00 | 1801974|
|Digital_Ebook_Purchase_v1_00 | 12520722|
|Digital_Ebook_Purchase_v1_01 | 5101693|
|Digital_Music_Purchase_v1_00 | 1688884|
|Digital_Software_v1_00 | 102084|
|Digital_Video_Download_v1_00 | 4057147|
|Digital_Video_Games_v1_00 | 145431|
|Electronics_v1_00 | 3093869|
|Furniture_v1_00 | 792113|
|Gift_Card_v1_00 | 149086|
|Grocery_v1_00 | 2402458|
|Health_Personal_Care_v1_00 | 5331449|
|Home_Entertainment_v1_00 | 705889|
|Home_Improvement_v1_00 | 2634781|
|Home_v1_00 | 6221559|
|Jewelry_v1_00 | 1767753|
|Kitchen_v1_00 | 4880466|
|Lawn_and_Garden_v1_00 | 2557288|
|Luggage_v1_00 | 348657|
|Major_Appliances_v1_00 | 96901|
|Mobile_Apps_v1_00 | 5033376|
|Mobile_Electronics_v1_00 | 104975|
|Music_v1_00 | 4751577|
|Musical_Instruments_v1_00 | 904765|
|Office_Products_v1_00 | 2642434|
|Outdoors_v1_00 | 2302401|
|PC_v1_00 | 6908554|
|Personal_Care_Appliances_v1_00 | 85981|
|Pet_Products_v1_00 | 2643619|
|Shoes_v1_00 | 4366916|
|Software_v1_00 | 341931|
|Sports_v1_00 | 4850360|
|Tools_v1_00 | 1741100|
|Toys_v1_00 | 4864249|
|Video_DVD_v1_00 | 5069140|
|Video_Games_v1_00 | 1785997|
|Video_v1_00 | 380604|
|Watches_v1_00 | 960872|
|Wireless_v1_00 | 9002021|
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Licensing Information
https://s3.amazonaws.com/amazon-reviews-pds/LICENSE.txt
By accessing the Amazon Customer Reviews Library ("Reviews Library"), you agree that the
Reviews Library is an Amazon Service subject to the [Amazon.com Conditions of Use](https://www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/display.html/ref=footer_cou?ie=UTF8&nodeId=508088)
and you agree to be bound by them, with the following additional conditions:
In addition to the license rights granted under the Conditions of Use,
Amazon or its content providers grant you a limited, non-exclusive, non-transferable,
non-sublicensable, revocable license to access and use the Reviews Library
for purposes of academic research.
You may not resell, republish, or make any commercial use of the Reviews Library
or its contents, including use of the Reviews Library for commercial research,
such as research related to a funding or consultancy contract, internship, or
other relationship in which the results are provided for a fee or delivered
to a for-profit organization. You may not (a) link or associate content
in the Reviews Library with any personal information (including Amazon customer accounts),
or (b) attempt to determine the identity of the author of any content in the
Reviews Library.
If you violate any of the foregoing conditions, your license to access and use the
Reviews Library will automatically terminate without prejudice to any of the
other rights or remedies Amazon may have.
### Citation Information
No citation information.
### Contributions
Thanks to [@joeddav](https://github.com/joeddav) for adding this dataset. | 60,396 | [
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e2e_nlg_cleaned | 2022-11-18T19:59:46.000Z | [
"task_categories:text2text-generation",
"annotations_creators:crowdsourced",
"language_creators:crowdsourced",
"multilinguality:monolingual",
"size_categories:10K<n<100K",
"source_datasets:original",
"language:en",
"license:cc-by-sa-4.0",
"meaning-representation-to-text",
"arxiv:1706.09254",
"arxiv:1901.11528",
"region:us"
] | null | An update release of E2E NLG Challenge data with cleaned MRs and scripts, accompanying the following paper:
Ondřej Dušek, David M. Howcroft, and Verena Rieser (2019): Semantic Noise Matters for Neural Natural Language Generation. In INLG, Tokyo, Japan. | @inproceedings{dusek-etal-2019-semantic,
title = "Semantic Noise Matters for Neural Natural Language Generation",
author = "Du{\v{s}}ek, Ond{\v{r}}ej and
Howcroft, David M. and
Rieser, Verena",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Natural Language Generation",
month = oct # "{--}" # nov,
year = "2019",
address = "Tokyo, Japan",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W19-8652",
doi = "10.18653/v1/W19-8652",
pages = "421--426"
} | 2 | 410 | 2022-03-02T23:29:22 | ---
annotations_creators:
- crowdsourced
language_creators:
- crowdsourced
language:
- en
license:
- cc-by-sa-4.0
multilinguality:
- monolingual
size_categories:
- 10K<n<100K
source_datasets:
- original
task_categories:
- text2text-generation
task_ids: []
paperswithcode_id: null
pretty_name: the Cleaned Version of the E2E Dataset
tags:
- meaning-representation-to-text
dataset_info:
features:
- name: meaning_representation
dtype: string
- name: human_reference
dtype: string
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 7474936
num_examples: 33525
- name: validation
num_bytes: 1056527
num_examples: 4299
- name: test
num_bytes: 1262597
num_examples: 4693
download_size: 14597407
dataset_size: 9794060
---
# Dataset Card for the Cleaned Version of the E2E Dataset
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [homepage](http://www.macs.hw.ac.uk/InteractionLab/E2E/)
- **Repository:** [repository](https://github.com/tuetschek/e2e-dataset/)
- **Paper:** [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.09254)
- **Leaderboard:** [leaderboard](http://www.macs.hw.ac.uk/InteractionLab/E2E/)
### Dataset Summary
An update release of E2E NLG Challenge data with cleaned MRs and scripts, accompanying the following paper:
The E2E dataset is used for training end-to-end, data-driven natural language generation systems in the restaurant domain, which is ten times bigger than existing, frequently used datasets in this area.
The E2E dataset poses new challenges:
(1) its human reference texts show more lexical richness and syntactic variation, including discourse phenomena;
(2) generating from this set requires content selection. As such, learning from this dataset promises more natural, varied and less template-like system utterances.
E2E is released in the following paper where you can find more details and baseline results:
https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.09254
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
- `text2text-generation-other-meaning-representtion-to-text`: The dataset can be used to train a model to generate descriptions in the restaurant domain from meaning representations, which consists in taking as input some data about a restaurant and generate a sentence in natural language that presents the different aspects of the data about the restaurant.. Success on this task is typically measured by achieving a *high* [BLEU](https://huggingface.co/metrics/bleu), [NIST](https://huggingface.co/metrics/nist), [METEOR](https://huggingface.co/metrics/meteor), [Rouge-L](https://huggingface.co/metrics/rouge), [CIDEr](https://huggingface.co/metrics/cider).
This task has an inactive leaderboard which can be found [here](http://www.macs.hw.ac.uk/InteractionLab/E2E/) and ranks models based on the metrics above.
### Languages
The dataset is in english (en).
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
Example of one instance:
```
{'human_reference': 'The Vaults pub near Café Adriatic has a 5 star rating. Prices start at £30.',
'meaning_representation': 'name[The Vaults], eatType[pub], priceRange[more than £30], customer rating[5 out of 5], near[Café Adriatic]'}
```
### Data Fields
- `human_reference`: string, the text is natural language that describes the different characteristics in the meaning representation
- `meaning_representation`: list of slots and values to generate a description from
Each MR consists of 3–8 attributes (slots), such as name, food or area, and their values.
### Data Splits
The dataset is split into training, validation and testing sets (in a 76.5-8.5-15 ratio), keeping a similar distribution of MR and reference text lengths and ensuring that MRs in different sets are distinct.
| | train | validation | test |
|--------------|------:|-----------:|-----:|
| N. Instances | 33525 | 4299 | 4693 |
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed]
### Source Data
[More Information Needed]
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
The data was collected using the CrowdFlower platform and quality-controlled following Novikova et al. (2016).
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed]
### Annotations
Following Novikova et al. (2016), the E2E data was collected using pictures as stimuli, which was shown to elicit significantly more natural, more informative, and better phrased human references than textual MRs.
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed]
### Licensing Information
[More Information Needed]
### Citation Information
```
@article{dusek.etal2020:csl,
title = {Evaluating the {{State}}-of-the-{{Art}} of {{End}}-to-{{End Natural Language Generation}}: {{The E2E NLG Challenge}}},
author = {Du{\v{s}}ek, Ond\v{r}ej and Novikova, Jekaterina and Rieser, Verena},
year = {2020},
month = jan,
volume = {59},
pages = {123--156},
doi = {10.1016/j.csl.2019.06.009},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
eprint = {1901.11528},
eprinttype = {arxiv},
journal = {Computer Speech \& Language}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@yjernite](https://github.com/yjernite) for adding this dataset. | 6,538 | [
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ArmelR/stack-exchange-instruction | 2023-05-26T08:37:42.000Z | [
"region:us"
] | ArmelR | null | null | 48 | 410 | 2023-04-06T16:31:58 | ---
pretty_name : stack exchange instruction
---
# Dataset Card for "stack-exchange-instruction"
[More Information needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards) | 229 | [
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gnad10 | 2023-01-25T14:31:03.000Z | [
"task_categories:text-classification",
"task_ids:topic-classification",
"annotations_creators:crowdsourced",
"language_creators:found",
"multilinguality:monolingual",
"size_categories:10K<n<100K",
"source_datasets:extended|other-from-One-Million-Posts-Corpus",
"language:de",
"license:cc-by-nc-sa-4.0",
"region:us"
] | null | This dataset is intended to advance topic classification for German texts. A classifier that is efffective in
English may not be effective in German dataset because it has a higher inflection and longer compound words.
The 10kGNAD dataset contains 10273 German news articles from an Austrian online newspaper categorized into
9 categories. Article titles and text are concatenated together and authors are removed to avoid a keyword-like
classification on authors that write frequently about one category. This dataset can be used as a benchmark
for German topic classification. | null | 3 | 409 | 2022-03-02T23:29:22 | ---
annotations_creators:
- crowdsourced
language_creators:
- found
language:
- de
license:
- cc-by-nc-sa-4.0
multilinguality:
- monolingual
size_categories:
- 10K<n<100K
source_datasets:
- extended|other-from-One-Million-Posts-Corpus
task_categories:
- text-classification
task_ids:
- topic-classification
pretty_name: 10k German News Articles Datasets
dataset_info:
features:
- name: text
dtype: string
- name: label
dtype:
class_label:
names:
'0': Web
'1': Panorama
'2': International
'3': Wirtschaft
'4': Sport
'5': Inland
'6': Etat
'7': Wissenschaft
'8': Kultur
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 24418224
num_examples: 9245
- name: test
num_bytes: 2756405
num_examples: 1028
download_size: 27160809
dataset_size: 27174629
---
# Dataset Card for 10k German News Articles Datasets
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [10k German News Article Dataset](https://tblock.github.io/10kGNAD/)
- **Repository:** [10k German News Article Dataset](https://github.com/tblock/10kGNAD)
- **Point of Contact:** [Steven Liu](stevhliu@gmail.com)
### Dataset Summary
The 10k German News Article Dataset consists of 10273 German language news articles from the online Austrian
newspaper website DER Standard. Each news article has been classified into one of 9 categories by professional
forum moderators employed by the newspaper. This dataset is extended from the original
[One Million Posts Corpus](https://ofai.github.io/million-post-corpus/). The dataset was created to support
topic classification in German because a classifier effective on a English dataset may not be as effective on
a German dataset due to higher inflections and longer compound words. Additionally, this dataset can be used
as a benchmark dataset for German topic classification.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
This dataset can be used to train a model, like [BERT](https://huggingface.co/bert-base-uncased) for `topic classification` on German news articles. There are 9 possible categories.
### Languages
The text is in German and it comes from an online Austrian newspaper website. The BCP-47 code for German is
`de-DE`.
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
An example data instance contains a German news article (title and article are concatenated) and it's corresponding topic category.
```
{'text': ''Die Gewerkschaft GPA-djp lanciert den "All-in-Rechner" und findet, dass die Vertragsform auf die Führungsebene beschränkt gehört. Wien – Die Gewerkschaft GPA-djp sieht Handlungsbedarf bei sogenannten All-in-Verträgen.'
'label': 'Wirtschaft'
}
```
### Data Fields
* `text`: contains the title and content of the article
* `label`: can be one of 9 possible topic categories (`Web`, `Panorama`, `International`, `Wirtschaft`, `Sport`, `Inland`, `Etat`, `Wissenschaft`, `Kultur`)
### Data Splits
The data is split into a training set consisting of 9245 articles and a test set consisting of 1028 articles.
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
The dataset was created to support topic classification in the German language. English text classification datasets are common ([AG News](https://huggingface.co/datasets/ag_news) and [20 Newsgroup](https://huggingface.co/datasets/newsgroup)), but German datasets are less common. A classifier trained on an English dataset may not work as well on a set of German text due to grammatical differences. Thus there is a need for a German dataset for effectively assessing model performance.
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
The 10k German News Article Dataset is extended from the One Million Posts Corpus. 10273 German news articles were collected from this larger corpus. In the One Million Posts Corpus, each article has a topic path like
`Newsroom/Wirtschaft/Wirtschaftpolitik/Finanzmaerkte/Griechenlandkrise`. The 10kGNAD uses the second part of the topic path as the topic label. Article title and texts are concatenated into one text and author names are removed to avoid keyword classification on authors who write frequently on a particular topic.
#### Who are the source language producers?
The language producers are the authors of the Austrian newspaper website DER Standard.
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
This dataset was curated by Timo Block.
### Licensing Information
This dataset is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 license.
### Citation Information
Please consider citing the authors of the "One Million Post Corpus" if you use the dataset.:
```
@InProceedings{Schabus2017,
Author = {Dietmar Schabus and Marcin Skowron and Martin Trapp},
Title = {One Million Posts: A Data Set of German Online Discussions},
Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 40th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR)},
Pages = {1241--1244},
Year = {2017},
Address = {Tokyo, Japan},
Doi = {10.1145/3077136.3080711},
Month = aug
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@stevhliu](https://github.com/stevhliu) for adding this dataset. | 6,655 | [
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miracl/miracl | 2023-01-06T16:25:49.000Z | [
"task_categories:text-retrieval",
"task_ids:document-retrieval",
"annotations_creators:expert-generated",
"multilinguality:multilingual",
"language:ar",
"language:bn",
"language:en",
"language:es",
"language:fa",
"language:fi",
"language:fr",
"language:hi",
"language:id",
"language:ja",
"language:ko",
"language:ru",
"language:sw",
"language:te",
"language:th",
"language:zh",
"license:apache-2.0",
"arxiv:2210.09984",
"region:us"
] | miracl | null | null | 24 | 409 | 2022-10-11T22:20:12 | ---
annotations_creators:
- expert-generated
language:
- ar
- bn
- en
- es
- fa
- fi
- fr
- hi
- id
- ja
- ko
- ru
- sw
- te
- th
- zh
multilinguality:
- multilingual
pretty_name: MIRACL-corpus
size_categories: []
source_datasets: []
tags: []
task_categories:
- text-retrieval
license:
- apache-2.0
task_ids:
- document-retrieval
---
# Dataset Card for MIRACL (Topics and Qrels)
## Dataset Description
* **Homepage:** http://miracl.ai
* **Repository:** https://github.com/project-miracl/miracl
* **Paper:** https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.09984
MIRACL 🌍🙌🌏 (Multilingual Information Retrieval Across a Continuum of Languages) is a multilingual retrieval dataset that focuses on search across 18 different languages, which collectively encompass over three billion native speakers around the world.
This dataset contains the collection data of the 16 "known languages". The remaining 2 "surprise languages" will not be released until later.
The topics are generated by native speakers of each language, who also label the relevance between the topics and a given document list.
This repository only contains the topics and qrels of MIRACL. The collection can be found [here](https://huggingface.co/datasets/miracl/miracl-corpus).
## Dataset Structure
1. To download the files:
Under folders `miracl-v1.0-{lang}/topics`,
the topics are saved in `.tsv` format, with each line to be:
```
qid\tquery
```
Under folders `miracl-v1.0-{lang}/qrels`,
the qrels are saved in standard TREC format, with each line to be:
```
qid Q0 docid relevance
```
2. To access the data using HuggingFace `datasets`:
```
lang='ar' # or any of the 16 languages
miracl = datasets.load_dataset('miracl/miracl', lang, use_auth_token=True)
# training set:
for data in miracl['train']: # or 'dev', 'testA'
query_id = data['query_id']
query = data['query']
positive_passages = data['positive_passages']
negative_passages = data['negative_passages']
for entry in positive_passages: # OR 'negative_passages'
docid = entry['docid']
title = entry['title']
text = entry['text']
```
The structure is the same for `train`, `dev`, and `testA` set, where `testA` only exists for languages in Mr. TyDi (i.e., Arabic, Bengali, English, Finnish, Indonesian, Japanese, Korean, Russian, Swahili, Telugu, Thai).
Note that `negative_passages` are annotated by native speakers as well, instead of the non-positive passages from top-`k` retrieval results.
## Dataset Statistics
The following table contains the number of queries (`#Q`) and the number of judgments (`#J`) in each language, for the training and development set,
where the judgments include both positive and negative samples.
| Lang | Train | | Dev | |
|:----:|:-----:|:------:|:-----:|:------:|
| | **#Q**| **#J** |**#Q** |**#J** |
| ar | 3,495 | 25,382 | 2,896 | 29,197 |
| bn | 1,631 | 16,754 | 411 | 4,206 |
| en | 2,863 | 29,416 | 799 | 8,350 |
| es | 2,162 | 21,531 | 648 | 6,443 |
| fa | 2,107 | 21,844 | 632 | 6,571 |
| fi | 2,897 | 20,350 | 1,271 | 12,008 |
| fr | 1,143 | 11,426 | 343 | 3,429 |
| hi | 1,169 | 11,668 | 350 | 3,494 |
| id | 4,071 | 41,358 | 960 | 9,668 |
| ja | 3,477 | 34,387 | 860 | 8,354 |
| ko | 868 | 12,767 | 213 | 3,057 |
| ru | 4,683 | 33,921 | 1,252 | 13,100 |
| sw | 1,901 | 9,359 | 482 | 5,092 |
| te | 3,452 | 18,608 | 828 | 1,606 |
| th | 2,972 | 21,293 | 733 | 7,573 |
| zh | 1,312 | 13,113 | 393 | 3,928 | | 3,500 | [
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cyanic-selkie/aida-conll-yago-wikidata | 2023-06-28T19:01:17.000Z | [
"task_categories:token-classification",
"size_categories:10K<n<100K",
"language:en",
"license:cc-by-sa-3.0",
"wikidata",
"wikipedia",
"named-entity-recognition",
"named-entity-linking",
"region:us"
] | cyanic-selkie | null | null | 3 | 409 | 2023-03-22T13:30:44 | ---
license: cc-by-sa-3.0
task_categories:
- token-classification
language:
- en
tags:
- wikidata
- wikipedia
- named-entity-recognition
- named-entity-linking
pretty_name: AIDA CoNLL-YAGO Wikidata
size_categories:
- 10K<n<100K
---
# Dataset Card for AIDA CoNLL-YAGO Wikidata
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks](#supported-tasks)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
## Dataset Description
- **Repository:** [AIDA CoNLL-YAGO Wikidata repository](https://github.com/cyanic-selkie/aida-conll-yago-wikidata)
### Dataset Summary
The AIDA CoNLL-YAGO Wikidata dataset is the same as the original [AIDA CoNLL-YAGO](https://www.mpi-inf.mpg.de/departments/databases-and-information-systems/research/ambiverse-nlu/aida/downloads) dataset, but with Wikidata QIDs instead of Wikipedia titles as entity identifiers. They are automatically generated (with a few manual corrections) from Wikidata and Wikipedia dumps (March 1, 2023).
The code for generating the dataset can be found [here](https://github.com/cyanic-selkie/aida-conll-yago-wikidata).
### Supported Tasks
- `named-entity-recognition`: The dataset can be used to train a model for Named Entity Recognition.
- `named-entity-linking`: The dataset can be used to train a model for Named Entity Linking.
### Languages
The text in the dataset is in English. The associated BCP-47 code is `en`.
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
A typical data point represents a document (news article).
The `text` field contains the original text in an NFC normalized, UTF-8 encoded string.
The `entities` field contains a list of entities, each represented by a struct with the inclusive starting byte `start` field, exclusive ending byte `end` field, a nullable `qid` field, and a nullable `pageid` field.
Additionally, each document has a unique `document_id` field.
An example from the AIDA CoNLL-YAGO Wikidata test set looks as follows:
```
{
"document_id": 1214,
"text": "RADIO ROMANIA AFTERNOON HEALINES AT 4 PM . BUCHAREST 1996-12-06 Radio Romania news headlines : * The Democratic Convention signed an agreement on government and parliamentary support with its coalition partners the Social Democratic Union and the Hungarian Democratic Union ( UDMR ) . The ceremony was attended by President Emil Constantinescu . * The three parties in the government coalition have committed themselves to a real reform of Romania 's economy , Constantinescu said after the ceremony . * The UDMR wants to contribute to social reform and economic revival in Romania , union leader Marko Bela said . * The international airport in Timisoara and the domestic airports in Arad , Oradea and Sibiu were closed due to fog . -- Bucharest Newsroom 40-1 3120264",
"entities": [
{
"start": 0,
"end": 13,
"tag": "ORG",
"pageid": null,
"qid": null,
"title": null
},
{
"start": 43,
"end": 52,
"tag": "LOC",
"pageid": 36877,
"qid": 19660,
"title": "Bucharest"
},
{
"start": 64,
"end": 77,
"tag": "ORG",
"pageid": null,
"qid": null,
"title": null
},
{
"start": 101,
"end": 122,
"tag": "MISC",
"pageid": null,
"qid": null,
"title": null
},
{
"start": 215,
"end": 238,
"tag": "ORG",
"pageid": null,
"qid": null,
"title": null
},
{
"start": 247,
"end": 273,
"tag": "ORG",
"pageid": null,
"qid": null,
"title": null
},
{
"start": 276,
"end": 280,
"tag": "ORG",
"pageid": 49749134,
"qid": 266582,
"title": "Democratic_Union_of_Hungarians_in_Romania"
},
{
"start": 324,
"end": 343,
"tag": "PER",
"pageid": 393370,
"qid": 299152,
"title": "Emil_Constantinescu"
},
{
"start": 440,
"end": 447,
"tag": "LOC",
"pageid": 25445,
"qid": 218,
"title": "Romania"
},
{
"start": 461,
"end": 475,
"tag": "PER",
"pageid": 393370,
"qid": 299152,
"title": "Emil_Constantinescu"
},
{
"start": 508,
"end": 512,
"tag": "ORG",
"pageid": 49749134,
"qid": 266582,
"title": "Democratic_Union_of_Hungarians_in_Romania"
},
{
"start": 574,
"end": 581,
"tag": "LOC",
"pageid": 25445,
"qid": 218,
"title": "Romania"
},
{
"start": 597,
"end": 607,
"tag": "PER",
"pageid": 1219345,
"qid": 897108,
"title": "Béla_Markó"
},
{
"start": 646,
"end": 655,
"tag": "LOC",
"pageid": 33693389,
"qid": 83404,
"title": "Timişoara"
},
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"end": 689,
"tag": "LOC",
"pageid": 22537901,
"qid": 173591,
"title": "Arad,_Romania"
},
{
"start": 692,
"end": 698,
"tag": "LOC",
"pageid": 2024606,
"qid": 2102332,
"title": "Oradea_International_Airport"
},
{
"start": 703,
"end": 708,
"tag": "LOC",
"pageid": 2384413,
"qid": 946418,
"title": "Sibiu_International_Airport"
},
{
"start": 737,
"end": 755,
"tag": "ORG",
"pageid": null,
"qid": null,
"title": null
}
]
}
```
### Data Fields
- `document_id`: an integer that uniquely identifies the document this sentence belongs to
- `sentence_index`: an integer that uniquely identifies the position of the sentence in its original document
- `text`: an NFC normalized, UTF-8 encoded string representing the sentence
- `entities`: a list of structs representing entities, each entity has:
- `start`: an integer representing the inclusive starting UTF-8 code point of the entity
- `end`: an integer representing the exclusive ending UTF-8 code point of the entity
- `tag`: a string representing the entity type (PER, LOC, ORG or MISC)
- `qid`: an integer representing the Wikidata QID this entity refers to; it can be null if the entity didn't exist in Wikidata at the time of the creation of the original dataset
- `pageid`: an integer representing the English Wikipedia's pageID this entity refers to; it can be null if the entity didn't exist in Wikipedia at the time of the creation of the original dataset
- `title`: an NFC normalized, UTF-8 encoded string representing the English Wikipedia's title this entity refers to; it can be null if the entity didn't exist in Wikipedia at the time of the creation of the original dataset
### Data Splits
The data is split into training, validation and test sets; all of the sentences belonging to an article are in the same split. The final split sizes are as follows:
| | Train | Validation | Test |
| :----- | :------: | :-----: | :----: |
| AIDA CoNLL-YAGO Wikidata - documents | 946 | 216 | 231 |
| AIDA CoNLL-YAGO Wikidata - entities | 23,374 | 5,912 | 5,608 |
| AIDA CoNLL-YAGO Wikidata - entities with QIDs | 18,540 | 4,791 | 4,481 |
## Additional Information
### Licensing Information
The licensing status of the dataset is the same as the licensing status of the original [AIDA CoNLL-YAGO](https://www.mpi-inf.mpg.de/departments/databases-and-information-systems/research/ambiverse-nlu/aida/downloads) dataset which is under a [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en_US). | 7,945 | [
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] |
IlyaGusev/ru_turbo_alpaca | 2023-05-25T19:45:14.000Z | [
"task_categories:text-generation",
"task_categories:text2text-generation",
"size_categories:10K<n<100K",
"language:ru",
"license:cc-by-4.0",
"instruction-finetuning",
"instruction generation",
"alpaca",
"region:us"
] | IlyaGusev | null | null | 51 | 408 | 2023-03-21T21:17:42 | ---
dataset_info:
features:
- name: instruction
dtype: string
- name: input
dtype: string
- name: output
dtype: string
- name: alternative_output
dtype: string
- name: label
dtype: string
- name: all_labels
sequence: string
- name: agreement
dtype: float32
- name: overlap
dtype: uint32
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 54774775
num_examples: 29822
download_size: 14565995
dataset_size: 54774775
license: cc-by-4.0
task_categories:
- text-generation
- text2text-generation
language:
- ru
tags:
- instruction-finetuning
- instruction generation
- alpaca
size_categories:
- 10K<n<100K
---
# RuTurboAlpaca
Dataset of ChatGPT-generated instructions in Russian.
<img src="https://cdn.midjourney.com/770a35fa-00c0-4214-bb88-727dbc7cfaf3/0_0.png" >
* Code: [rulm/self_instruct](https://github.com/IlyaGusev/rulm/tree/master/self_instruct)
* Code is based on [Stanford Alpaca](https://github.com/tatsu-lab/stanford_alpaca) and [self-instruct](https://github.com/yizhongw/self-instruct/).
* 29822 examples
Preliminary evaluation by an expert based on 400 samples:
* 83% of samples contain correct instructions
* 63% of samples have correct instructions and outputs
Crowdsouring-based evaluation on 3500 samples:
* 90% of samples contain correct instructions
* 68% of samples have correct instructions and outputs
Prompt template:
```
Составь набор из {{num_tasks}} разных заданий для дообучения языковой модели:
1. Делай задания максимально непохожими друг на друга: по типу, по запрашиваемым действиям, по формулировке, по наличию входа.
2. Задания должны быть выполнимы языковой моделью, которая не умеет работать с картинками, видео, и аудио, и не имеет доступа ко внешнему миру.
3. Используй хороший грамотный русский язык.
4. Делай задания в одно или два предложения.
5. Генерируй подходящие реалистичные входные данные, не используй общие шаблоны типа \"Имя человека\" или [имя] вместо реального имени.
6. Задание может быть без входных данных, в таком случае используй токен <noinput> вместо них.
7. На выходе сгенерируй подходящий длинный ответ.
8. Следуй тому же шаблону, который приведен в примерах, разделяй задания с помощью ###. Это важно!
Примеры заданий:
{% for task in example_tasks %}
{{task.index}}. Задание: {{task.instruction}}
{{task.index}}. Вход: {{task.input}}
{{task.index}}. Выход: {{task.output}}
{{ "###" if not loop.last else "" }}
{% endfor %}
```
## Legal disclaimer
Data is based on OpenAI’s gpt-3.5-turbo, whose [terms of use](https://openai.com/policies/terms-of-use) prohibit for us developing models that compete with OpenAI. Not for you. | 2,644 | [
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LeStoe11/geeks4geeks_fixed | 2023-10-13T08:15:31.000Z | [
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codecomplete/base_dataset | 2023-10-10T20:53:14.000Z | [
"region:us"
] | codecomplete | null | null | 0 | 407 | 2023-10-10T20:51:57 | Entry not found | 15 | [
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] |
argilla/oasst_response_comparison | 2023-07-25T11:39:45.000Z | [
"size_categories:1K<n<10K",
"rlfh",
"argilla",
"human-feedback",
"region:us"
] | argilla | null | null | 0 | 406 | 2023-06-30T07:54:14 | ---
size_categories: 1K<n<10K
tags:
- rlfh
- argilla
- human-feedback
---
# Dataset Card for oasst_response_comparison
This dataset has been created with [Argilla](https://docs.argilla.io).
As shown in the sections below, this dataset can be loaded into Argilla as explained in [Load with Argilla](#load-with-argilla), or used directly with the `datasets` library in [Load with `datasets`](#load-with-datasets).
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** https://argilla.io
- **Repository:** https://github.com/argilla-io/argilla
- **Paper:**
- **Leaderboard:**
- **Point of Contact:**
### Dataset Summary
This dataset contains:
* A dataset configuration file conforming to the Argilla dataset format named `argilla.cfg`. This configuration file will be used to configure the dataset when using the `FeedbackDataset.from_huggingface` method in Argilla.
* Dataset records in a format compatible with HuggingFace `datasets`. These records will be loaded automatically when using `FeedbackDataset.from_huggingface` and can be loaded independently using the `datasets` library via `load_dataset`.
* The [annotation guidelines](#annotation-guidelines) that have been used for building and curating the dataset, if they've been defined in Argilla.
### Load with Argilla
To load with Argilla, you'll just need to install Argilla as `pip install argilla --upgrade` and then use the following code:
```python
import argilla as rg
ds = rg.FeedbackDataset.from_huggingface("argilla/oasst_response_comparison")
```
### Load with `datasets`
To load this dataset with `datasets`, you'll just need to install `datasets` as `pip install datasets --upgrade` and then use the following code:
```python
from datasets import load_dataset
ds = load_dataset("argilla/oasst_response_comparison")
```
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
This dataset can contain [multiple fields, questions and responses](https://docs.argilla.io/en/latest/guides/llms/conceptual_guides/data_model.html) so it can be used for different NLP tasks, depending on the configuration. The dataset structure is described in the [Dataset Structure section](#dataset-structure).
There are no leaderboards associated with this dataset.
### Languages
[More Information Needed]
## Dataset Structure
### Data in Argilla
The dataset is created in Argilla with: **fields**, **questions**, and **guidelines**.
The **fields** are the dataset records themselves, for the moment just text fields are suppported. These are the ones that will be used to provide responses to the questions.
| Field Name | Title | Type | Required | Markdown |
| ---------- | ----- | ---- | -------- | -------- |
| prompt | Prompt | TextField | True | True |
| reply_1 | Reply 1 | TextField | True | True |
| reply_2 | Reply 2 | TextField | True | True |
| reply_3 | Reply 3 | TextField | True | True |
The **questions** are the questions that will be asked to the annotators. They can be of different types, such as rating, text, single choice, or multiple choice.
| Question Name | Title | Type | Required | Description | Values/Labels |
| ------------- | ----- | ---- | -------- | ----------- | ------------- |
| reply-ranking | Order replies based on your preference | RankingQuestion | True | Order the replies from 1 to 3 based on your preference.
Ties are possible. | N/A |
Finally, the **guidelines** are just a plain string that can be used to provide instructions to the annotators. Find those in the [annotation guidelines](#annotation-guidelines) section.
### Data Instances
An example of a dataset instance in Argilla looks as follows:
```json
{
"external_id": null,
"fields": {
"prompt": "Can you write a short introduction about the relevance of the term \"monopsony\" in economics? Please use examples related to potential monopsonies in the labour market and cite relevant research.",
"reply_1": "\"Monopsony\" refers to a market structure where there is only one buyer for a particular good or service. In economics, this term is particularly relevant in the labor market, where a monopsony employer has significant power over the wages and working conditions of their employees. The presence of a monopsony can result in lower wages and reduced employment opportunities for workers, as the employer has little incentive to increase wages or provide better working conditions.\n\nRecent research has identified potential monopsonies in industries such as retail and fast food, where a few large companies control a significant portion of the market (Bivens \u0026 Mishel, 2013). In these industries, workers often face low wages, limited benefits, and reduced bargaining power, leading to a situation where they are dependent on the employer for their livelihood. This dependence can result in further suppression of wages and a decline in working conditions.\n\nOverall, the concept of monopsony is essential to understanding the dynamics of labor markets and the impact of market power on workers. Further research is needed to understand the extent and impact of monopsonies on the economy and to develop policies to address this issue.\n\nReferences:\nBivens, J., \u0026 Mishel, L. (2013). The Pay of Corporate Executives and Financial Professionals as Evidence of Rents in Top 1 Percent Incomes. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 27(3), 57-78.",
"reply_2": "Monopsony is a market structure in which there is a single buyer in a market. In the context of labor markets, a monopsony occurs when there is only one employer in a particular industry or geographic area, giving that employer significant power over the wages and working conditions of workers. This results in a situation where the employer has the ability to suppress wages and reduce the bargaining power of workers.\n\nResearch has shown that the existence of monopsony power in labor markets can have negative effects on workers, such as lower wages, reduced benefits, and limited job opportunities. For example, a study by Autor, Dorn, and Hanson (2013) found evidence of monopsony power in certain U.S. labor markets, resulting in lower wages and reduced job opportunities for workers. Similarly, another study by Bharadwaj, Black, and Kolesnikova (2019) found that the presence of a single dominant employer in a local labor market was associated with lower wages for workers.",
"reply_3": "Monopsony refers to a market structure where there is only one buyer of a good or service. In the context of labor markets, a monopsony occurs when there is only one employer in a particular geographic area or industry, giving them significant power to set wages and working conditions. Research has shown that the existence of monopsonies can lead to lower wages and reduced job opportunities for workers. For example, a study by the National Bureau of Economic Research found that in industries with high levels of concentration, workers earn lower wages and are less likely to receive benefits such as health insurance."
},
"metadata": null,
"responses": [
{
"status": "submitted",
"user_id": "3e760b76-e19a-480a-b436-a85812b98843",
"values": {
"reply-ranking": {
"value": [
{
"rank": 3,
"value": "reply_1"
},
{
"rank": 3,
"value": "reply_2"
},
{
"rank": 1,
"value": "reply_3"
}
]
}
}
}
]
}
```
While the same record in HuggingFace `datasets` looks as follows:
```json
{
"external_id": null,
"metadata": null,
"prompt": "Can you write a short introduction about the relevance of the term \"monopsony\" in economics? Please use examples related to potential monopsonies in the labour market and cite relevant research.",
"reply-ranking": {
"status": [
"submitted"
],
"user_id": [
"3e760b76-e19a-480a-b436-a85812b98843"
],
"value": [
{
"rank": [
3,
3,
1
],
"value": [
"reply_1",
"reply_2",
"reply_3"
]
}
]
},
"reply_1": "\"Monopsony\" refers to a market structure where there is only one buyer for a particular good or service. In economics, this term is particularly relevant in the labor market, where a monopsony employer has significant power over the wages and working conditions of their employees. The presence of a monopsony can result in lower wages and reduced employment opportunities for workers, as the employer has little incentive to increase wages or provide better working conditions.\n\nRecent research has identified potential monopsonies in industries such as retail and fast food, where a few large companies control a significant portion of the market (Bivens \u0026 Mishel, 2013). In these industries, workers often face low wages, limited benefits, and reduced bargaining power, leading to a situation where they are dependent on the employer for their livelihood. This dependence can result in further suppression of wages and a decline in working conditions.\n\nOverall, the concept of monopsony is essential to understanding the dynamics of labor markets and the impact of market power on workers. Further research is needed to understand the extent and impact of monopsonies on the economy and to develop policies to address this issue.\n\nReferences:\nBivens, J., \u0026 Mishel, L. (2013). The Pay of Corporate Executives and Financial Professionals as Evidence of Rents in Top 1 Percent Incomes. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 27(3), 57-78.",
"reply_2": "Monopsony is a market structure in which there is a single buyer in a market. In the context of labor markets, a monopsony occurs when there is only one employer in a particular industry or geographic area, giving that employer significant power over the wages and working conditions of workers. This results in a situation where the employer has the ability to suppress wages and reduce the bargaining power of workers.\n\nResearch has shown that the existence of monopsony power in labor markets can have negative effects on workers, such as lower wages, reduced benefits, and limited job opportunities. For example, a study by Autor, Dorn, and Hanson (2013) found evidence of monopsony power in certain U.S. labor markets, resulting in lower wages and reduced job opportunities for workers. Similarly, another study by Bharadwaj, Black, and Kolesnikova (2019) found that the presence of a single dominant employer in a local labor market was associated with lower wages for workers.",
"reply_3": "Monopsony refers to a market structure where there is only one buyer of a good or service. In the context of labor markets, a monopsony occurs when there is only one employer in a particular geographic area or industry, giving them significant power to set wages and working conditions. Research has shown that the existence of monopsonies can lead to lower wages and reduced job opportunities for workers. For example, a study by the National Bureau of Economic Research found that in industries with high levels of concentration, workers earn lower wages and are less likely to receive benefits such as health insurance."
}
```
### Data Fields
Among the dataset fields, we differentiate between the following:
* **Fields:** These are the dataset records themselves, for the moment just text fields are suppported. These are the ones that will be used to provide responses to the questions.
* **prompt** is of type `TextField`.
* **reply_1** is of type `TextField`.
* **reply_2** is of type `TextField`.
* **reply_3** is of type `TextField`.
* **Questions:** These are the questions that will be asked to the annotators. They can be of different types, such as rating, text, single choice, or multiple choice.
* **reply-ranking** is of type `RankingQuestion`, and description "Order the replies from 1 to 3 based on your preference.
Ties are possible.".
Additionally, we also have one more field which is optional and is the following:
* **external_id:** This is an optional field that can be used to provide an external ID for the dataset record. This can be useful if you want to link the dataset record to an external resource, such as a database or a file.
### Data Splits
The dataset contains a single split, which is `train`.
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed]
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed]
### Annotations
#### Annotation guidelines
For each promt, order the replies in a ranking based on how clear and helpful you find each reply. Ties are allowed. If you prefer not to give an answer, click Discard and move on to the next record.
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed]
### Licensing Information
[More Information Needed]
### Citation Information
[More Information Needed]
### Contributions
[More Information Needed] | 13,909 | [
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] |
mnaguib/WikiNER | 2023-10-26T15:55:13.000Z | [
"region:us"
] | mnaguib | null | null | 0 | 406 | 2023-07-28T16:08:10 | ---
configs:
- config_name: en
data_files:
- split: train
path: "data/en/train.parquet"
- split: test
path: "data/en/test.parquet"
- config_name: fr
data_files:
- split: train
path: "data/fr/train.parquet"
- split: test
path: "data/fr/test.parquet"
- config_name: es
data_files:
- split: train
path: "data/es/train.parquet"
- split: test
path: "data/es/test.parquet"
- config_name: de
data_files:
- split: train
path: "data/de/train.parquet"
- split: test
path: "data/de/test.parquet"
- config_name: it
data_files:
- split: train
path: "data/it/train.parquet"
- split: test
path: "data/it/test.parquet"
- config_name: ru
data_files:
- split: train
path: "data/ru/train.parquet"
- split: test
path: "data/ru/test.parquet"
- config_name: pl
data_files:
- split: train
path: "data/pl/train.parquet"
- split: test
path: "data/pl/test.parquet"
- config_name: pt
data_files:
- split: train
path: "data/pt/train.parquet"
- split: test
path: "data/pt/test.parquet"
---
WikiNER is a multilingual silver-standard annotated NER dataset. It consists in a late-2010 snapshot of Wikipedia in nine languages. Hyperlinks referring to persons, locations or organizations were automatically annotated.
```
@Article{nothman2012:artint:wikiner,
author = {Joel Nothman and Nicky Ringland and Will Radford and Tara Murphy and James R. Curran},
title = {Learning multilingual named entity recognition from {Wikipedia}},
journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
publisher = {Elsevier},
volume = {194},
pages = {151--175},
year = {2012},
doi = {10.1016/j.artint.2012.03.006},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2012.03.006}
}
``` | 1,860 | [
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eaglewatch/Korean_Wikipedia_Dataset_for_GPT2_August_2022 | 2023-08-25T05:35:38.000Z | [
"task_categories:question-answering",
"task_categories:text2text-generation",
"task_categories:translation",
"task_categories:conversational",
"task_categories:visual-question-answering",
"task_ids:open-domain-qa",
"task_ids:closed-domain-qa",
"task_ids:dialogue-generation",
"task_ids:visual-question-answering",
"annotations_creators:other",
"language_creators:other",
"multilinguality:multilingual",
"size_categories:100M<n<1B",
"language:ko",
"license:apache-2.0",
"gpt2",
"korean",
"wikipedia",
"pertained",
"region:us"
] | eaglewatch | null | null | 2 | 406 | 2023-08-25T05:30:30 | ---
annotations_creators:
- other
language:
- ko
language_creators:
- other
license:
- apache-2.0
multilinguality:
- multilingual
pretty_name: Korean wikipedia dataset for GPT-2 training
size_categories:
- 100M<n<1B
source_datasets: []
tags:
- gpt2
- korean
- wikipedia
- pertained
task_categories:
- question-answering
- text2text-generation
- translation
- conversational
- visual-question-answering
task_ids:
- open-domain-qa
- closed-domain-qa
- closed-domain-qa
- dialogue-generation
- visual-question-answering
viewer: true
---
# Dataset Card for korean_wikipedia_dataset_for_GPT2
## Table of Contents
- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
Entire Korean language Wikipedia data for GPT-2 training as of August 1st, 2022.
email: oscar.eaglewatch@gmail.com
### Dataset Summary
This is to make a pre-trained GPT-2 Korean model
### Languages
Korean
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
Train wikipedia article count: 334420
validation wikipedia article count: 83605
### Data Fields
'text'
### Data Splits
80% vs. 20%, randomly, according to the Pareto Principle.
## Dataset Creation
### Source Data
Wikipedia
https://dumps.wikimedia.org/kowiki/latest/kowiki-latest-pages-articles.xml.bz2
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
None
### Discussion of Biases
None
### Other Known Limitations
None
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
Yongwoo Jeong
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HAERAE-HUB/HAE_RAE_BENCH | 2023-09-28T02:27:35.000Z | [
"task_categories:multiple-choice",
"language:ko",
"license:cc-by-nc-nd-4.0",
"arxiv:2309.02706",
"region:us"
] | HAERAE-HUB | HAE-RAE Bench | @article{son2023hae,
title={HAE-RAE Bench: Evaluation of Korean Knowledge in Language Models},
author={Son, Guijin and Lee, Hanwool and Kim, Suwan and Lee, Jaecheol and Yeom, Je Won and Jung, Jihyu and Kim, Jung Woo and Kim, Songseong},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2309.02706},
year={2023}
} | 1 | 405 | 2023-09-25T04:16:13 | ---
license: cc-by-nc-nd-4.0
extra_gated_prompt: >-
To request access to the dataset, please fill out this form, and we'll review
and let you know if your use case is approved.
extra_gated_fields:
First Name: text
Last Name: text
Institution: text
Intended Use: text
I agree to use this dataset for non-commercial research ONLY: checkbox
task_categories:
- multiple-choice
language:
- ko
---
HAE-RAE Bench is an evaluation suite specifically curated to challenge models that lack Korean cultural and contextual depth.
For a comprehensive overview, refer to our [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.02706).
The HAE-RAE Bench team is constantly working to broaden its coverage and regularly introduces new tasks to the benchmark.
For detailed information on the tasks included, please refer to our release notes.
### Release Notes
__2023.09.28__: [LM-Eval-Harness](https://github.com/EleutherAI/lm-evaluation-harness) support added for the following 8 tasks:
Loan Words, Rare Words, Standard Nomenclature, History, General Knowledge,correct_definition_matching, date_understanding,reading_comprehension.
Refer to the following [document](https://github.com/guijinSON/HAE-RAE-Bench.v2/blob/main/HAE_RAE_Bench_Evaluation.ipynb) to run the evaluation yourself.
__2023.09.16__: 10 tasks added, 5 from original HAE-RAE Bench(Loan Words, Rare Words, Standard Nomenclature, History, General Knowledge),
5 new tasks (correct_definition_matching, date_understanding, lyrics_denoising, proverbs_denoising, reading_comprehension) | 1,539 | [
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taskmaster2 | 2022-12-01T16:31:12.000Z | [
"task_categories:text-generation",
"task_categories:fill-mask",
"task_ids:dialogue-modeling",
"annotations_creators:crowdsourced",
"language_creators:crowdsourced",
"multilinguality:monolingual",
"size_categories:1K<n<10K",
"source_datasets:original",
"language:en",
"license:cc-by-4.0",
"arxiv:1909.05358",
"region:us"
] | null | Taskmaster is dataset for goal oriented conversations. The Taskmaster-2 dataset consists of 17,289 dialogs in the seven domains which include restaurants, food ordering, movies, hotels, flights, music and sports. Unlike Taskmaster-1, which includes both written "self-dialogs" and spoken two-person dialogs, Taskmaster-2 consists entirely of spoken two-person dialogs. In addition, while Taskmaster-1 is almost exclusively task-based, Taskmaster-2 contains a good number of search- and recommendation-oriented dialogs. All dialogs in this release were created using a Wizard of Oz (WOz) methodology in which crowdsourced workers played the role of a 'user' and trained call center operators played the role of the 'assistant'. In this way, users were led to believe they were interacting with an automated system that “spoke” using text-to-speech (TTS) even though it was in fact a human behind the scenes. As a result, users could express themselves however they chose in the context of an automated interface. | @inproceedings{48484,
title = {Taskmaster-1: Toward a Realistic and Diverse Dialog Dataset},
author = {Bill Byrne and Karthik Krishnamoorthi and Chinnadhurai Sankar and Arvind Neelakantan and Daniel Duckworth and Semih Yavuz and Ben Goodrich and Amit Dubey and Kyu-Young Kim and Andy Cedilnik},
year = {2019}
} | 4 | 404 | 2022-03-02T23:29:22 | ---
annotations_creators:
- crowdsourced
language_creators:
- crowdsourced
language:
- en
license:
- cc-by-4.0
multilinguality:
- monolingual
size_categories:
- 1K<n<10K
source_datasets:
- original
task_categories:
- text-generation
- fill-mask
task_ids:
- dialogue-modeling
paperswithcode_id: taskmaster-2
pretty_name: Taskmaster-2
dataset_info:
- config_name: flights
features:
- name: conversation_id
dtype: string
- name: instruction_id
dtype: string
- name: utterances
list:
- name: index
dtype: int32
- name: speaker
dtype: string
- name: text
dtype: string
- name: segments
list:
- name: start_index
dtype: int32
- name: end_index
dtype: int32
- name: text
dtype: string
- name: annotations
list:
- name: name
dtype: string
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 7073487
num_examples: 2481
download_size: 23029880
dataset_size: 7073487
- config_name: food-ordering
features:
- name: conversation_id
dtype: string
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dtype: string
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---
# Dataset Card for Taskmaster-2
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [Taskmaster-1](https://research.google/tools/datasets/taskmaster-1/)
- **Repository:** [GitHub](https://github.com/google-research-datasets/Taskmaster/tree/master/TM-2-2020)
- **Paper:** [Taskmaster-1: Toward a Realistic and Diverse Dialog Dataset](https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.05358)
- **Leaderboard:** N/A
- **Point of Contact:** [Taskmaster Googlegroup](taskmaster-datasets@googlegroups.com)
### Dataset Summary
Taskmaster is dataset for goal oriented conversations. The Taskmaster-2 dataset consists of 17,289 dialogs
in the seven domains which include restaurants, food ordering, movies, hotels, flights, music and sports.
Unlike Taskmaster-1, which includes both written "self-dialogs" and spoken two-person dialogs,
Taskmaster-2 consists entirely of spoken two-person dialogs. In addition, while Taskmaster-1 is
almost exclusively task-based, Taskmaster-2 contains a good number of search- and recommendation-oriented dialogs.
All dialogs in this release were created using a Wizard of Oz (WOz) methodology in which crowdsourced
workers played the role of a 'user' and trained call center operators played the role of the 'assistant'.
In this way, users were led to believe they were interacting with an automated system that “spoke”
using text-to-speech (TTS) even though it was in fact a human behind the scenes.
As a result, users could express themselves however they chose in the context of an automated interface.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed]
### Languages
The dataset is in English language.
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
A typical example looks like this
```
{
"conversation_id": "dlg-0047a087-6a3c-4f27-b0e6-268f53a2e013",
"instruction_id": "flight-6",
"utterances": [
{
"index": 0,
"segments": [],
"speaker": "USER",
"text": "Hi, I'm looking for a flight. I need to visit a friend."
},
{
"index": 1,
"segments": [],
"speaker": "ASSISTANT",
"text": "Hello, how can I help you?"
},
{
"index": 2,
"segments": [],
"speaker": "ASSISTANT",
"text": "Sure, I can help you with that."
},
{
"index": 3,
"segments": [],
"speaker": "ASSISTANT",
"text": "On what dates?"
},
{
"index": 4,
"segments": [
{
"annotations": [
{
"name": "flight_search.date.depart_origin"
}
],
"end_index": 37,
"start_index": 27,
"text": "March 20th"
},
{
"annotations": [
{
"name": "flight_search.date.return"
}
],
"end_index": 45,
"start_index": 41,
"text": "22nd"
}
],
"speaker": "USER",
"text": "I'm looking to travel from March 20th to 22nd."
}
]
}
```
### Data Fields
Each conversation in the data file has the following structure:
- `conversation_id`: A universally unique identifier with the prefix 'dlg-'. The ID has no meaning.
- `utterances`: A list of utterances that make up the conversation.
- `instruction_id`: A reference to the file(s) containing the user (and, if applicable, agent) instructions for this conversation.
Each utterance has the following fields:
- `index`: A 0-based index indicating the order of the utterances in the conversation.
- `speaker`: Either USER or ASSISTANT, indicating which role generated this utterance.
- `text`: The raw text of the utterance. In case of self dialogs (one_person_dialogs), this is written by the crowdsourced worker. In case of the WOz dialogs, 'ASSISTANT' turns are written and 'USER' turns are transcribed from the spoken recordings of crowdsourced workers.
- `segments`: A list of various text spans with semantic annotations.
Each segment has the following fields:
- `start_index`: The position of the start of the annotation in the utterance text.
- `end_index`: The position of the end of the annotation in the utterance text.
- `text`: The raw text that has been annotated.
- `annotations`: A list of annotation details for this segment.
Each annotation has a single field:
- `name`: The annotation name.
### Data Splits
There are no deafults splits for all the config. The below table lists the number of examples in each config.
| Config | Train |
|-------------------|--------|
| flights | 2481 |
| food-orderings | 1050 |
| hotels | 2355 |
| movies | 3047 |
| music | 1602 |
| restaurant-search | 3276 |
| sports | 3478 |
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed]
### Source Data
[More Information Needed]
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed]
### Annotations
[More Information Needed]
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed]
### Licensing Information
The dataset is licensed under `Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License`
### Citation Information
[More Information Needed]
```
@inproceedings{48484,
title = {Taskmaster-1: Toward a Realistic and Diverse Dialog Dataset},
author = {Bill Byrne and Karthik Krishnamoorthi and Chinnadhurai Sankar and Arvind Neelakantan and Daniel Duckworth and Semih Yavuz and Ben Goodrich and Amit Dubey and Kyu-Young Kim and Andy Cedilnik},
year = {2019}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@patil-suraj](https://github.com/patil-suraj) for adding this dataset. | 12,298 | [
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Tevatron/msmarco-passage-corpus | 2022-03-16T15:27:25.000Z | [
"region:us"
] | Tevatron | null | @misc{bajaj2018ms,
title={MS MARCO: A Human Generated MAchine Reading COmprehension Dataset},
author={Payal Bajaj and Daniel Campos and Nick Craswell and Li Deng and Jianfeng Gao and Xiaodong Liu
and Rangan Majumder and Andrew McNamara and Bhaskar Mitra and Tri Nguyen and Mir Rosenberg and Xia Song
and Alina Stoica and Saurabh Tiwary and Tong Wang},
year={2018},
eprint={1611.09268},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.CL}
} | 1 | 403 | 2022-03-02T23:29:22 | Entry not found | 15 | [
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masakhane/masakhaner2 | 2023-09-11T18:00:07.000Z | [
"task_categories:token-classification",
"task_ids:named-entity-recognition",
"annotations_creators:expert-generated",
"language_creators:expert-generated",
"multilinguality:multilingual",
"size_categories:1K<n<10K",
"source_datasets:original",
"language:bm",
"language:bbj",
"language:ee",
"language:fon",
"language:ha",
"language:ig",
"language:rw",
"language:lg",
"language:luo",
"language:mos",
"language:ny",
"language:pcm",
"language:sn",
"language:sw",
"language:tn",
"language:tw",
"language:wo",
"language:xh",
"language:yo",
"language:zu",
"license:afl-3.0",
"ner",
"masakhaner",
"masakhane",
"arxiv:2103.11811",
"arxiv:2210.12391",
"region:us"
] | masakhane | MasakhaNER 2.0 is the largest publicly available high-quality dataset for named entity recognition (NER) in 20 African languages.
Named entities are phrases that contain the names of persons, organizations, locations, times and quantities.
Example:
[PER Wolff] , currently a journalist in [LOC Argentina] , played with [PER Del Bosque] in the final years of the seventies in [ORG Real Madrid] .
MasakhaNER is a named entity dataset consisting of PER, ORG, LOC, and DATE entities annotated by Masakhane for 20 African languages:
- Bambara (bam)
- Ghomala (bbj)
- Ewe (ewe)
- Fon (fon)
- Hausa (hau)
- Igbo (ibo)
- Kinyarwanda (kin)
- Luganda (lug)
- Dholuo (luo)
- Mossi (mos)
- Chichewa (nya)
- Nigerian Pidgin
- chShona (sna)
- Kiswahili (swą)
- Setswana (tsn)
- Twi (twi)
- Wolof (wol)
- isiXhosa (xho)
- Yorùbá (yor)
- isiZulu (zul)
The train/validation/test sets are available for all the ten languages.
For more details see https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.11811 | @article{Adelani2022MasakhaNER2A,
title={MasakhaNER 2.0: Africa-centric Transfer Learning for Named Entity Recognition},
author={David Ifeoluwa Adelani and Graham Neubig and Sebastian Ruder and Shruti Rijhwani and Michael Beukman and Chester Palen-Michel and Constantine Lignos and Jesujoba Oluwadara Alabi and Shamsuddeen Hassan Muhammad and Peter Nabende and Cheikh M. Bamba Dione and Andiswa Bukula and Rooweither Mabuya and Bonaventure F. P. Dossou and Blessing K. Sibanda and Happy Buzaaba and Jonathan Mukiibi and Godson Kalipe and Derguene Mbaye and Amelia Taylor and Fatoumata Kabore and Chris C. Emezue and Anuoluwapo Aremu and Perez Ogayo and Catherine W. Gitau and Edwin Munkoh-Buabeng and Victoire Memdjokam Koagne and Allahsera Auguste Tapo and Tebogo Macucwa and Vukosi Marivate and Elvis Mboning and Tajuddeen R. Gwadabe and Tosin P. Adewumi and Orevaoghene Ahia and Joyce Nakatumba-Nabende and Neo L. Mokono and Ignatius M Ezeani and Chiamaka Ijeoma Chukwuneke and Mofetoluwa Adeyemi and Gilles Hacheme and Idris Abdulmumin and Odunayo Ogundepo and Oreen Yousuf and Tatiana Moteu Ngoli and Dietrich Klakow},
journal={ArXiv},
year={2022},
volume={abs/2210.12391}
} | 8 | 403 | 2022-12-15T13:28:09 | ---
annotations_creators:
- expert-generated
language:
- bm
- bbj
- ee
- fon
- ha
- ig
- rw
- lg
- luo
- mos
- ny
- pcm
- sn
- sw
- tn
- tw
- wo
- xh
- yo
- zu
language_creators:
- expert-generated
license:
- afl-3.0
multilinguality:
- multilingual
pretty_name: masakhaner2.0
size_categories:
- 1K<n<10K
source_datasets:
- original
tags:
- ner
- masakhaner
- masakhane
task_categories:
- token-classification
task_ids:
- named-entity-recognition
---
# Dataset Card for [Dataset Name]
## Table of Contents
- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [homepage](https://github.com/masakhane-io/masakhane-ner)
- **Repository:** [github](https://github.com/masakhane-io/masakhane-ner)
- **Paper:** [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.11811)
- **Point of Contact:** [Masakhane](https://www.masakhane.io/) or didelani@lsv.uni-saarland.de
### Dataset Summary
MasakhaNER 2.0 is the largest publicly available high-quality dataset for named entity recognition (NER) in 20 African languages created by the Masakhane community.
Named entities are phrases that contain the names of persons, organizations, locations, times and quantities. Example:
[PER Wolff] , currently a journalist in [LOC Argentina] , played with [PER Del Bosque] in the final years of the seventies in [ORG Real Madrid] .
MasakhaNER 2.0 is a named entity dataset consisting of PER, ORG, LOC, and DATE entities annotated by Masakhane for 20 African languages
The train/validation/test sets are available for all the 20 languages.
For more details see https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.12391
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed]
- `named-entity-recognition`: The performance in this task is measured with [F1](https://huggingface.co/metrics/f1) (higher is better). A named entity is correct only if it is an exact match of the corresponding entity in the data.
### Languages
There are 20 languages available :
- Bambara (bam)
- Ghomala (bbj)
- Ewe (ewe)
- Fon (fon)
- Hausa (hau)
- Igbo (ibo)
- Kinyarwanda (kin)
- Luganda (lug)
- Dholuo (luo)
- Mossi (mos)
- Chichewa (nya)
- Nigerian Pidgin
- chShona (sna)
- Kiswahili (swą)
- Setswana (tsn)
- Twi (twi)
- Wolof (wol)
- isiXhosa (xho)
- Yorùbá (yor)
- isiZulu (zul)
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
The examples look like this for Yorùbá:
```
from datasets import load_dataset
data = load_dataset('masakhane/masakhaner2', 'yor')
# Please, specify the language code
# A data point consists of sentences seperated by empty line and tab-seperated tokens and tags.
{'id': '0',
'ner_tags': [B-DATE, I-DATE, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, B-PER, I-PER, I-PER, O, O, O, O],
'tokens': ['Wákàtí', 'méje', 'ti', 'ré', 'kọjá', 'lọ', 'tí', 'Luis', 'Carlos', 'Díaz', 'ti', 'di', 'awati', '.']
}
```
### Data Fields
- `id`: id of the sample
- `tokens`: the tokens of the example text
- `ner_tags`: the NER tags of each token
The NER tags correspond to this list:
```
"O", "B-PER", "I-PER", "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "B-LOC", "I-LOC", "B-DATE", "I-DATE",
```
In the NER tags, a B denotes the first item of a phrase and an I any non-initial word. There are four types of phrases: person names (PER), organizations (ORG), locations (LOC) and dates & time (DATE).
It is assumed that named entities are non-recursive and non-overlapping. In case a named entity is embedded in another named entity usually, only the top level entity is marked.
### Data Splits
For all languages, there are three splits.
The original splits were named `train`, `dev` and `test` and they correspond to the `train`, `validation` and `test` splits.
The splits have the following sizes :
| Language | train | validation | test |
|-----------------|------:|-----------:|------:|
| Bambara | 4463 | 638 | 1274 |
| Ghomala | 3384 | 483 | 966 |
| Ewe | 3505 | 501 | 1001 |
| Fon. | 4343 | 621 | 1240 |
| Hausa | 5716 | 816 | 1633 |
| Igbo | 7634 | 1090 | 2181 |
| Kinyarwanda | 7825 | 1118 | 2235 |
| Luganda | 4942 | 706 | 1412 |
| Luo | 5161 | 737 | 1474 |
| Mossi | 4532 | 648 | 1613 |
| Nigerian-Pidgin | 5646 | 806 | 1294 |
| Chichewa | 6250 | 893 | 1785 |
| chiShona | 6207 | 887 | 1773 |
| Kiswahili | 6593 | 942 | 1883 |
| Setswana | 3289 | 499 | 996 |
| Akan/Twi | 4240 | 605 | 1211 |
| Wolof | 4593 | 656 | 1312 |
| isiXhosa | 5718 | 817 | 1633 |
| Yoruba | 6877 | 983 | 1964 |
| isiZulu | 5848 | 836 | 1670 |
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
The dataset was introduced to introduce new resources to 20 languages that were under-served for natural language processing.
[More Information Needed]
### Source Data
The source of the data is from the news domain, details can be found here https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.12391
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
The articles were word-tokenized, information on the exact pre-processing pipeline is unavailable.
#### Who are the source language producers?
The source language was produced by journalists and writers employed by the news agency and newspaper mentioned above.
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
Details can be found here https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.11811
#### Who are the annotators?
Annotators were recruited from [Masakhane](https://www.masakhane.io/)
### Personal and Sensitive Information
The data is sourced from newspaper source and only contains mentions of public figures or individuals
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
Users should keep in mind that the dataset only contains news text, which might limit the applicability of the developed systems to other domains.
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
### Licensing Information
The licensing status of the data is CC 4.0 Non-Commercial
### Citation Information
Provide the [BibTex](http://www.bibtex.org/)-formatted reference for the dataset. For example:
```
@article{Adelani2022MasakhaNER2A,
title={MasakhaNER 2.0: Africa-centric Transfer Learning for Named Entity Recognition},
author={David Ifeoluwa Adelani and Graham Neubig and Sebastian Ruder and Shruti Rijhwani and Michael Beukman and Chester Palen-Michel and Constantine Lignos and Jesujoba Oluwadara Alabi and Shamsuddeen Hassan Muhammad and Peter Nabende and Cheikh M. Bamba Dione and Andiswa Bukula and Rooweither Mabuya and Bonaventure F. P. Dossou and Blessing K. Sibanda and Happy Buzaaba and Jonathan Mukiibi and Godson Kalipe and Derguene Mbaye and Amelia Taylor and Fatoumata Kabore and Chris C. Emezue and Anuoluwapo Aremu and Perez Ogayo and Catherine W. Gitau and Edwin Munkoh-Buabeng and Victoire Memdjokam Koagne and Allahsera Auguste Tapo and Tebogo Macucwa and Vukosi Marivate and Elvis Mboning and Tajuddeen R. Gwadabe and Tosin P. Adewumi and Orevaoghene Ahia and Joyce Nakatumba-Nabende and Neo L. Mokono and Ignatius M Ezeani and Chiamaka Ijeoma Chukwuneke and Mofetoluwa Adeyemi and Gilles Hacheme and Idris Abdulmumin and Odunayo Ogundepo and Oreen Yousuf and Tatiana Moteu Ngoli and Dietrich Klakow},
journal={ArXiv},
year={2022},
volume={abs/2210.12391}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@dadelani](https://github.com/dadelani) for adding this dataset. | 8,601 | [
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arcd | 2023-04-05T09:35:12.000Z | [
"task_categories:question-answering",
"task_ids:extractive-qa",
"annotations_creators:crowdsourced",
"language_creators:crowdsourced",
"multilinguality:monolingual",
"size_categories:1K<n<10K",
"source_datasets:original",
"language:ar",
"license:mit",
"region:us"
] | null | Arabic Reading Comprehension Dataset (ARCD) composed of 1,395 questions posed by crowdworkers on Wikipedia articles. | @inproceedings{mozannar-etal-2019-neural,
title = {Neural {A}rabic Question Answering},
author = {Mozannar, Hussein and Maamary, Elie and El Hajal, Karl and Hajj, Hazem},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Arabic Natural Language Processing Workshop},
month = {aug},
year = {2019},
address = {Florence, Italy},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W19-4612},
doi = {10.18653/v1/W19-4612},
pages = {108--118},
abstract = {This paper tackles the problem of open domain factual Arabic question answering (QA) using Wikipedia as our knowledge source. This constrains the answer of any question to be a span of text in Wikipedia. Open domain QA for Arabic entails three challenges: annotated QA datasets in Arabic, large scale efficient information retrieval and machine reading comprehension. To deal with the lack of Arabic QA datasets we present the Arabic Reading Comprehension Dataset (ARCD) composed of 1,395 questions posed by crowdworkers on Wikipedia articles, and a machine translation of the Stanford Question Answering Dataset (Arabic-SQuAD). Our system for open domain question answering in Arabic (SOQAL) is based on two components: (1) a document retriever using a hierarchical TF-IDF approach and (2) a neural reading comprehension model using the pre-trained bi-directional transformer BERT. Our experiments on ARCD indicate the effectiveness of our approach with our BERT-based reader achieving a 61.3 F1 score, and our open domain system SOQAL achieving a 27.6 F1 score.}
} | 3 | 402 | 2022-03-02T23:29:22 | ---
annotations_creators:
- crowdsourced
language_creators:
- crowdsourced
language:
- ar
language_bcp47:
- ar-SA
license:
- mit
multilinguality:
- monolingual
size_categories:
- 1K<n<10K
source_datasets:
- original
task_categories:
- question-answering
task_ids:
- extractive-qa
paperswithcode_id: arcd
pretty_name: ARCD
dataset_info:
features:
- name: id
dtype: string
- name: title
dtype: string
- name: context
dtype: string
- name: question
dtype: string
- name: answers
sequence:
- name: text
dtype: string
- name: answer_start
dtype: int32
config_name: plain_text
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 811064
num_examples: 693
- name: validation
num_bytes: 885648
num_examples: 702
download_size: 1942399
dataset_size: 1696712
---
# Dataset Card for "arcd"
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [https://github.com/husseinmozannar/SOQAL/tree/master/data](https://github.com/husseinmozannar/SOQAL/tree/master/data)
- **Repository:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Paper:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 1.94 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.70 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 3.64 MB
### Dataset Summary
Arabic Reading Comprehension Dataset (ARCD) composed of 1,395 questions posed by crowdworkers on Wikipedia articles.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Languages
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
#### plain_text
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 1.94 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.70 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 3.64 MB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
This example was too long and was cropped:
{
"answers": "{\"answer_start\": [34], \"text\": [\"صحابي من صحابة رسول الإسلام محمد، وعمُّه وأخوه من الرضاعة وأحد وزرائه الأربعة عشر،\"]}...",
"context": "\"حمزة بن عبد المطلب الهاشمي القرشي صحابي من صحابة رسول الإسلام محمد، وعمُّه وأخوه من الرضاعة وأحد وزرائه الأربعة عشر، وهو خير أع...",
"id": "621723207492",
"question": "من هو حمزة بن عبد المطلب؟",
"title": "حمزة بن عبد المطلب"
}
```
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all splits.
#### plain_text
- `id`: a `string` feature.
- `title`: a `string` feature.
- `context`: a `string` feature.
- `question`: a `string` feature.
- `answers`: a dictionary feature containing:
- `text`: a `string` feature.
- `answer_start`: a `int32` feature.
### Data Splits
| name | train | validation |
| ---------- | ----: | ---------: |
| plain_text | 693 | 702 |
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Licensing Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Citation Information
```
@inproceedings{mozannar-etal-2019-neural,
title = "Neural {A}rabic Question Answering",
author = "Mozannar, Hussein and
Maamary, Elie and
El Hajal, Karl and
Hajj, Hazem",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth Arabic Natural Language Processing Workshop",
month = aug,
year = "2019",
address = "Florence, Italy",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W19-4612",
doi = "10.18653/v1/W19-4612",
pages = "108--118",
abstract = "This paper tackles the problem of open domain factual Arabic question answering (QA) using Wikipedia as our knowledge source. This constrains the answer of any question to be a span of text in Wikipedia. Open domain QA for Arabic entails three challenges: annotated QA datasets in Arabic, large scale efficient information retrieval and machine reading comprehension. To deal with the lack of Arabic QA datasets we present the Arabic Reading Comprehension Dataset (ARCD) composed of 1,395 questions posed by crowdworkers on Wikipedia articles, and a machine translation of the Stanford Question Answering Dataset (Arabic-SQuAD). Our system for open domain question answering in Arabic (SOQAL) is based on two components: (1) a document retriever using a hierarchical TF-IDF approach and (2) a neural reading comprehension model using the pre-trained bi-directional transformer BERT. Our experiments on ARCD indicate the effectiveness of our approach with our BERT-based reader achieving a 61.3 F1 score, and our open domain system SOQAL achieving a 27.6 F1 score.",
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@albertvillanova](https://github.com/albertvillanova), [@lewtun](https://github.com/lewtun), [@mariamabarham](https://github.com/mariamabarham), [@thomwolf](https://github.com/thomwolf), [@tayciryahmed](https://github.com/tayciryahmed) for adding this dataset. | 8,150 | [
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] |
speechcolab/gigaspeech | 2023-09-25T17:54:37.000Z | [
"task_categories:automatic-speech-recognition",
"multilinguality:monolingual",
"language:en",
"license:apache-2.0",
"arxiv:2106.06909",
"region:us"
] | speechcolab | GigaSpeech is an evolving, multi-domain English speech recognition corpus with 10,000 hours of high quality
labeled audio suitable for supervised training, and 40,000 hours of total audio suitable for semi-supervised
and unsupervised training. Around 40,000 hours of transcribed audio is first collected from audiobooks, podcasts
and YouTube, covering both read and spontaneous speaking styles, and a variety of topics, such as arts, science,
sports, etc. A new forced alignment and segmentation pipeline is proposed to create sentence segments suitable
for speech recognition training, and to filter out segments with low-quality transcription. For system training,
GigaSpeech provides five subsets of different sizes, 10h, 250h, 1000h, 2500h, and 10000h.
For our 10,000-hour XL training subset, we cap the word error rate at 4% during the filtering/validation stage,
and for all our other smaller training subsets, we cap it at 0%. The DEV and TEST evaluation sets, on the other hand,
are re-processed by professional human transcribers to ensure high transcription quality. | @article{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-2106-06909,
author = {Guoguo Chen and
Shuzhou Chai and
Guanbo Wang and
Jiayu Du and
Wei{-}Qiang Zhang and
Chao Weng and
Dan Su and
Daniel Povey and
Jan Trmal and
Junbo Zhang and
Mingjie Jin and
Sanjeev Khudanpur and
Shinji Watanabe and
Shuaijiang Zhao and
Wei Zou and
Xiangang Li and
Xuchen Yao and
Yongqing Wang and
Yujun Wang and
Zhao You and
Zhiyong Yan},
title = {GigaSpeech: An Evolving, Multi-domain {ASR} Corpus with 10, 000 Hours
of Transcribed Audio},
journal = {CoRR},
volume = {abs/2106.06909},
year = {2021},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.06909},
eprinttype = {arXiv},
eprint = {2106.06909},
timestamp = {Wed, 29 Dec 2021 14:29:26 +0100},
biburl = {https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-2106-06909.bib},
bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}
} | 31 | 402 | 2022-06-09T14:51:58 | ---
annotations_creators: []
language_creators: []
language:
- en
license:
- apache-2.0
multilinguality:
- monolingual
pretty_name: Gigaspeech
size_categories: []
source_datasets: []
task_categories:
- automatic-speech-recognition
extra_gated_prompt: |-
SpeechColab does not own the copyright of the audio files. For researchers and educators who wish to use the audio files for non-commercial research and/or educational purposes, we can provide access through the Hub under certain conditions and terms.
Terms of Access:
The "Researcher" has requested permission to use the GigaSpeech database (the "Database") at Tsinghua University. In exchange for such permission, Researcher hereby agrees to the following terms and conditions:
1. Researcher shall use the Database only for non-commercial research and educational purposes.
2. The SpeechColab team and Tsinghua University make no representations or warranties regarding the Database, including but not limited to warranties of non-infringement or fitness for a particular purpose.
3. Researcher accepts full responsibility for his or her use of the Database and shall defend and indemnify the SpeechColab team and Tsinghua University, including their employees, Trustees, officers and agents, against any and all claims arising from Researcher's use of the Database, including but not limited to Researcher's use of any copies of copyrighted audio files that he or she may create from the Database.
4. Researcher may provide research associates and colleagues with access to the Database provided that they first agree to be bound by these terms and conditions.
5. The SpeechColab team and Tsinghua University reserve the right to terminate Researcher's access to the Database at any time.
6. If Researcher is employed by a for-profit, commercial entity, Researcher's employer shall also be bound by these terms and conditions, and Researcher hereby represents that he or she is fully authorized to enter into this agreement on behalf of such employer.
!!! Please also fill out the Google Form https://forms.gle/UuGQAPyscGRrUMLq6 to request access to the Gigaspeech dataset.
extra_gated_fields:
Name: text
Email: text
Organization: text
Address: text
I hereby confirm that I have requested access via the Google Form provided above: checkbox
I accept the terms of access: checkbox
---
# Dataset Card for Gigaspeech
## Table of Contents
- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
- [Terms of Access](#terms-of-access)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** https://github.com/SpeechColab/GigaSpeech
- **Repository:** https://github.com/SpeechColab/GigaSpeech
- **Paper:** https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.06909
- **Leaderboard:** https://github.com/SpeechColab/GigaSpeech#leaderboard
- **Point of Contact:** [gigaspeech@speechcolab.org](mailto:gigaspeech@speechcolab.org)
## Dataset Description
GigaSpeech is an evolving, multi-domain English speech recognition corpus with 10,000 hours of high quality labeled audio suitable for supervised training. The transcribed audio data is collected from audiobooks, podcasts and YouTube, covering both read and spontaneous speaking styles, and a variety of topics, such as arts, science, sports, etc.
### Example Usage
The training split has several configurations of various size:
XS, S, M, L, XL. See the Section on "Data Splits" for more information. To download the XS configuration:
```python
from datasets import load_dataset
gs = load_dataset("speechcolab/gigaspeech", "xs", use_auth_token=True)
# see structure
print(gs)
# load audio sample on the fly
audio_input = gs["train"][0]["audio"] # first decoded audio sample
transcription = gs["train"][0]["text"] # first transcription
```
It is possible to download only the development or test data:
```python
gs_dev = load_dataset("speechcolab/gigaspeech", "dev", use_auth_token=True)
gs_test = load_dataset("speechcolab/gigaspeech", "test", use_auth_token=True)
```
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
- `automatic-speech-recognition`: The dataset can be used to train a model for Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR). The model is presented with an audio file and asked to transcribe the audio file to written text. The most common evaluation metric is the word error rate (WER). The task has an active leaderboard which can be found at https://github.com/SpeechColab/GigaSpeech#leaderboard and ranks models based on their WER.
### Languages
Gigaspeech contains audio and transcription data in English.
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
```python
{
'segment_id': 'YOU0000000315_S0000660',
'speaker': 'N/A',
'text': "AS THEY'RE LEAVING <COMMA> CAN KASH PULL ZAHRA ASIDE REALLY QUICKLY <QUESTIONMARK>",
'audio':
{
# in streaming mode 'path' will be 'xs_chunks_0000/YOU0000000315_S0000660.wav'
'path': '/home/user/.cache/huggingface/datasets/downloads/extracted/9d48cf31/xs_chunks_0000/YOU0000000315_S0000660.wav',
'array': array([0.0005188 , 0.00085449, 0.00012207, ..., 0.00125122, 0.00076294, 0.00036621], dtype=float32),
'sampling_rate': 16000
},
'begin_time': 2941.889892578125,
'end_time': 2945.070068359375,
'audio_id': 'YOU0000000315',
'title': 'Return to Vasselheim | Critical Role: VOX MACHINA | Episode 43',
'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zr2n1fLVasU',
'source': 2,
'category': 24,
'original_full_path': 'audio/youtube/P0004/YOU0000000315.opus'
}
```
### Data Fields
* segment_id (string) - string id of the segment.
* speaker (string) - string id of the speaker (can be "N/A").
* text (string) - transcription of the segment.
* begin_time (float) - start time of the segment in an original full audio.
* end_time (float32) - end time of the segment in an original full audio.
* audio (Audio feature) - a dictionary containing the path to the audio, the decoded audio array, and the sampling rate.
In non-streaming mode (default), the path point to the locally extracted audio. In streaming mode, the path is the relative path of an audio.
segment inside its archive (as files are not downloaded and extracted locally).
* audio_id (string) - string idea of the original full audio.
* title (string) - title of the original full audio.
* url (string) - url of the original full audio.
* source (ClassLabel) - id of the audio source. Sources are audiobook (0), podcast (1), and YouYube (2).
* category (ClassLabel) - id of the audio category, categories are listed below.
* original_full_path (string) - the relative path to the original full audio sample in the original data directory.
Categories are assigned from the following labels:
"People and Blogs", "Business", "Nonprofits and Activism", "Crime", "History", "Pets and Animals",
"News and Politics", "Travel and Events", "Kids and Family", "Leisure", "N/A", "Comedy", "News and Politics",
"Sports", "Arts", "Science and Technology", "Autos and Vehicles", "Science and Technology", "People and Blogs",
"Music", "Society and Culture", "Education", "Howto and Style", "Film and Animation", "Gaming", "Entertainment",
"Travel and Events", "Health and Fitness", "audiobook".
### Data Splits
The dataset has three splits: train, evaluation (dev) and test. The train split has five configurations of various sizes:
XS, S, M, L, XL. Larger subsets are supersets of smaller subsets, e.g., the L subset contains all the data from the M subset.
#### Transcribed Training Subsets Size
| Subset | Hours | Remarks |
|:---------------:|:-------------:|:-------------|
| XS | 10 | System building and debugging |
| S | 250 | Quick research experiments |
| M | 1,000 | Large-scale research experiments |
| L | 2,500 | Medium-scale industrial experiments |
| XL | 10,000 | Large-scale industrial experiments |
#### Transcribed Evaluation Subsets
| Subset | Hours | Remarks |
|:------:|:-----:|:--------|
| Dev | 12 | Randomly selected from the crawled Podcast and YouTube Data |
| Test | 40 | Part of the subset was randomly selected from the crawled Podcast and YouTube data; part of it was manually collected through other channels to have better coverage. |
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed]
### Source Data
| Audio Source | Transcribed Hours | Acoustic Condition |
|:-------------|:----------------------:|:-------------------|
| Audiobook | 2,655 | <li>Reading</li><li>Various ages and accents</li> |
| Podcast | 3,498 | <li>Clean or background music</li><li>Indoor</li><li>Near-field</li><li>Spontaneous</li><li>Various ages and accents</li>|
| YouTube | 3,845 | <li>Clean and noisy</li><li>Indoor and outdoor</li><li>Near- and far-field</li><li>Reading and spontaneous</li><li>Various ages and accents</li> |
| ***Total*** | ***10,000*** ||
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed]
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the annotators?
Development and test subsets are annotated by professional human annotators.
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed]
### Licensing Information
SpeechColab does not own the copyright of the audio files. For researchers and educators who wish to use the audio files for
non-commercial research and/or educational purposes, we can provide access through our site under certain conditions and terms.
In general, when training a machine learning model on a given dataset, the license of the model is **independent** to that of the
dataset. That is to say, speech recognition models trained on the GigaSpeech dataset may be eligible for commercial license,
provided they abide to the 'Fair Use' terms of the underlying data and do not violate any explicit copyright restrictions.
This is likely to be true in most use-cases. However, it is your responsiblity to verify the appropriate model license for
your specific use-case by confirming that the dataset usage abides by the Fair Use terms. SpeechColab is not responsible
for the license of any machine learning model trained on the GigaSpeech dataset.
### Citation Information
Please cite this paper if you find this work useful:
```bibtext
@inproceedings{GigaSpeech2021,
title={GigaSpeech: An Evolving, Multi-domain ASR Corpus with 10,000 Hours of Transcribed Audio},
booktitle={Proc. Interspeech 2021},
year=2021,
author={Guoguo Chen, Shuzhou Chai, Guanbo Wang, Jiayu Du, Wei-Qiang Zhang, Chao Weng, Dan Su, Daniel Povey, Jan Trmal, Junbo Zhang, Mingjie Jin, Sanjeev Khudanpur, Shinji Watanabe, Shuaijiang Zhao, Wei Zou, Xiangang Li, Xuchen Yao, Yongqing Wang, Yujun Wang, Zhao You, Zhiyong Yan}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@polinaeterna](https://github.com/polinaeterna) and [@sanchit-gandhi](https://github.com/sanchit-gandhi)
for adding this dataset.
## Terms of Access
The "Researcher" has requested permission to use the GigaSpeech database (the "Database")
at Tsinghua University. In exchange for such permission, Researcher hereby agrees to the
following terms and conditions:
1. Researcher shall use the Database only for non-commercial research and educational purposes.
2. The SpeechColab team and Tsinghua University make no representations or warranties regarding the Database, including but not limited to warranties of non-infringement or fitness for a particular purpose.
3. Researcher accepts full responsibility for his or her use of the Database and shall defend and indemnify the SpeechColab team and Tsinghua University, including their employees, Trustees, officers and agents, against any and all claims arising from Researcher's use of the Database, including but not limited to Researcher's use of any copies of copyrighted audio files that he or she may create from the Database.
4. Researcher may provide research associates and colleagues with access to the Database provided that they first agree to be bound by these terms and conditions.
5. The SpeechColab team and Tsinghua University reserve the right to terminate Researcher's access to the Database at any time.
6. If Researcher is employed by a for-profit, commercial entity, Researcher's employer shall also be bound by these terms and conditions, and Researcher hereby represents that he or she is fully authorized to enter into this agreement on behalf of such employer.
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] |
Biddls/Onion_News | 2023-03-25T12:57:47.000Z | [
"task_categories:summarization",
"task_categories:text2text-generation",
"task_categories:text-generation",
"task_categories:text-classification",
"language:en",
"license:mit",
"region:us"
] | Biddls | null | null | 1 | 402 | 2023-03-25T12:50:01 | ---
license: mit
task_categories:
- summarization
- text2text-generation
- text-generation
- text-classification
language:
- en
pretty_name: OnionNewsScrape
---
## This is a dataset of Onion news articles:
Note
- The headers and body of the news article is split by a ' #~# ' token
- Lines with just the token had no body or no header and can be skipped
- Feel free to use the script provided to scape the latest version, it takes about 30 mins on an i7-6850K | 463 | [
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pleisto/wikipedia-cn-20230720-filtered | 2023-07-23T10:06:15.000Z | [
"task_categories:text-generation",
"size_categories:100K<n<1M",
"language:zh",
"license:cc-by-sa-3.0",
"wikipedia",
"region:us"
] | pleisto | null | null | 71 | 402 | 2023-07-23T09:45:03 | ---
license: cc-by-sa-3.0
task_categories:
- text-generation
language:
- zh
tags:
- wikipedia
size_categories:
- 100K<n<1M
---
本数据集基于中文维基2023年7月20日的dump存档。作为一项以数据为中心的工作，本数据集仅保留了 `254,547条` 质量较高的词条内容。具体而言：
* 过滤了Template, Category, Wikipedia, File, Topic, Portal, MediaWiki, Draft, Help等特殊类型的词条
* 使用启发式的方法和自有的NLU模型过滤了一部分质量较低的词条
* 过滤了一部分内容较为敏感或存在争议性的词条。
* 进行了简繁转换和习惯用词转换，确保符合中国大陆地区的习惯用词。
This dataset is based on the Chinese Wikipedia dump archive from July 20th, 2023. As a data-centric effort, the dataset retains `254,574` high-quality entries. Specifically:
* Entries of special types such as Template, Category, Wikipedia, File, Topic, Portal, MediaWiki, Draft, and Help have been filtered out.
* A heuristic approach and proprietary NLU models have been used to filter out some low-quality entries.
* Entries with sensitive or controversial content have also been filtered out.
* To ensure compliance with language usage in mainland China, the dataset underwent conversions from simplified to traditional Chinese, as well as colloquial language conversions.
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riddle_sense | 2022-11-18T21:42:04.000Z | [
"task_categories:question-answering",
"task_ids:multiple-choice-qa",
"annotations_creators:crowdsourced",
"language_creators:found",
"multilinguality:monolingual",
"size_categories:1K<n<10K",
"source_datasets:original",
"language:en",
"license:other",
"region:us"
] | null | Answering such a riddle-style question is a challenging cognitive process, in that it requires
complex commonsense reasoning abilities, an understanding of figurative language, and counterfactual reasoning
skills, which are all important abilities for advanced natural language understanding (NLU). However,
there is currently no dedicated datasets aiming to test these abilities. Herein, we present RiddleSense,
a new multiple-choice question answering task, which comes with the first large dataset (5.7k examples) for answering
riddle-style commonsense questions. We systematically evaluate a wide range of models over the challenge,
and point out that there is a large gap between the best-supervised model and human performance — suggesting
intriguing future research in the direction of higher-order commonsense reasoning and linguistic creativity towards
building advanced NLU systems. | @InProceedings{lin-etal-2021-riddlesense,
title={RiddleSense: Reasoning about Riddle Questions Featuring Linguistic Creativity and Commonsense Knowledge},
author={Lin, Bill Yuchen and Wu, Ziyi and Yang, Yichi and Lee, Dong-Ho and Ren, Xiang},
journal={Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-IJCNLP 2021): Findings},
year={2021}
} | 15 | 401 | 2022-03-02T23:29:22 | ---
annotations_creators:
- crowdsourced
language_creators:
- found
language:
- en
license:
- other
multilinguality:
- monolingual
pretty_name: RiddleSense
size_categories:
- 1K<n<10K
source_datasets:
- original
task_categories:
- question-answering
task_ids:
- multiple-choice-qa
dataset_info:
features:
- name: answerKey
dtype: string
- name: question
dtype: string
- name: choices
sequence:
- name: label
dtype: string
- name: text
dtype: string
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 720715
num_examples: 3510
- name: validation
num_bytes: 208276
num_examples: 1021
- name: test
num_bytes: 212790
num_examples: 1184
download_size: 2083122
dataset_size: 1141781
---
# Dataset Card for RiddleSense
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-instances)
- [Data Splits](#data-instances)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** https://inklab.usc.edu/RiddleSense/
- **Repository:** https://github.com/INK-USC/RiddleSense/
- **Paper:** https://inklab.usc.edu/RiddleSense/riddlesense_acl21_paper.pdf
- **Leaderboard:** https://inklab.usc.edu/RiddleSense/#leaderboard
- **Point of Contact:** [Yuchen Lin](yuchen.lin@usc.edu)
### Dataset Summary
Answering such a riddle-style question is a challenging cognitive process, in that it requires
complex commonsense reasoning abilities, an understanding of figurative language, and counterfactual reasoning
skills, which are all important abilities for advanced natural language understanding (NLU). However,
there is currently no dedicated datasets aiming to test these abilities. Herein, we present RiddleSense,
a new multiple-choice question answering task, which comes with the first large dataset (5.7k examples) for answering
riddle-style commonsense questions. We systematically evaluate a wide range of models over the challenge,
and point out that there is a large gap between the best-supervised model and human performance suggesting
intriguing future research in the direction of higher-order commonsense reasoning and linguistic creativity towards
building advanced NLU systems.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[Needs More Information]
### Languages
English
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"answerKey": "E",
"choices": {
"label": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"],
"text": ["throw", "bit", "gallow", "mouse", "hole"]
},
"question": "A man is incarcerated in prison, and as his punishment he has to carry a one tonne bag of sand backwards and forwards across a field the size of a football pitch. What is the one thing he can put in it to make it lighter?"
}
```
### Data Fields
Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all splits.
default
- `answerKey`: a string feature.
- `question`: a string feature.
- `choices`: a dictionary feature containing:
- `label`: a string feature.
- `text`: a string feature.
### Data Splits
|name| train| validation| test|
|---|---|---|---|
|default| 3510| 1021| 1184|
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[Needs More Information]
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[Needs More Information]
#### Who are the source language producers?
[Needs More Information]
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[Needs More Information]
#### Who are the annotators?
[Needs More Information]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[Needs More Information]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[Needs More Information]
### Discussion of Biases
[Needs More Information]
### Other Known Limitations
Dataset provided for research purposes only. Please check dataset license for additional information.
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[Needs More Information]
### Licensing Information
The copyright of RiddleSense dataset is consistent with the terms of use of the fan websites and the intellectual property and privacy rights of the original sources. All of our riddles and answers are from fan websites that can be accessed freely. The website owners state that you may print and download material from the sites solely for non-commercial use provided that we agree not to change or delete any copyright or proprietary notices from the materials. The dataset users must agree that they will only use the dataset for research purposes before they can access the both the riddles and our annotations. We do not vouch for the potential bias or fairness issue that might exist within the riddles. You do not have the right to redistribute them. Again, you must not use this dataset for any commercial purposes.
### Citation Information
```
@InProceedings{lin-etal-2021-riddlesense,
title={RiddleSense: Reasoning about Riddle Questions Featuring Linguistic Creativity and Commonsense Knowledge},
author={Lin, Bill Yuchen and Wu, Ziyi and Yang, Yichi and Lee, Dong-Ho and Ren, Xiang},
journal={Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-IJCNLP 2021): Findings},
year={2021}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@ziyiwu9494](https://github.com/ziyiwu9494) for adding this dataset. | 6,110 | [
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yahoo_answers_qa | 2022-11-03T16:30:48.000Z | [
"task_categories:question-answering",
"task_ids:open-domain-qa",
"annotations_creators:found",
"language_creators:found",
"multilinguality:monolingual",
"size_categories:10K<n<100K",
"source_datasets:extended|other-yahoo-webscope-l6",
"language:en",
"license:unknown",
"region:us"
] | null | Yahoo Non-Factoid Question Dataset is derived from Yahoo's Webscope L6 collection using machine learning techiques such that the questions would contain non-factoid answers.The dataset contains 87,361 questions and their corresponding answers. Each question contains its best answer along with additional other answers submitted by users. Only the best answer was reviewed in determining the quality of the question-answer pair. | null | 13 | 401 | 2022-03-02T23:29:22 | ---
annotations_creators:
- found
language_creators:
- found
language:
- en
license:
- unknown
multilinguality:
- monolingual
size_categories:
- 10K<n<100K
source_datasets:
- extended|other-yahoo-webscope-l6
task_categories:
- question-answering
task_ids:
- open-domain-qa
paperswithcode_id: null
pretty_name: YahooAnswersQa
dataset_info:
features:
- name: id
dtype: string
- name: question
dtype: string
- name: answer
dtype: string
- name: nbestanswers
sequence: string
- name: main_category
dtype: string
config_name: yahoo_answers_qa
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 138540510
num_examples: 87362
download_size: 49411220
dataset_size: 138540510
---
# Dataset Card for YahooAnswersQa
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [Add homepage URL here if available (unless it's a GitHub repository)]()
- **Repository:** [If the dataset is hosted on github or has a github homepage, add URL here]()
- **Paper:** [If the dataset was introduced by a paper or there was a paper written describing the dataset, add URL here (landing page for Arxiv paper preferred)]()
- **Leaderboard:** [If the dataset supports an active leaderboard, add link here]()
- **Point of Contact:** [If known, name and email of at least one person the reader can contact for questions about the dataset.]()
### Dataset Summary
[More Information Needed]
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed]
### Languages
[More Information Needed]
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
[More Information Needed]
### Data Fields
[More Information Needed]
### Data Splits
[More Information Needed]
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed]
### Source Data
[More Information Needed]
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed]
### Annotations
[More Information Needed]
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed]
### Licensing Information
[More Information Needed]
### Citation Information
[More Information Needed]
### Contributions
Thanks to [@patil-suraj](https://github.com/patil-suraj) for adding this dataset. | 3,662 | [
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SetFit/amazon_counterfactual | 2022-02-08T10:15:40.000Z | [
"arxiv:2104.06893",
"region:us"
] | SetFit | The dataset contains sentences from Amazon customer reviews (sampled from Amazon product review dataset) annotated for counterfactual detection (CFD) binary classification. Counterfactual statements describe events that did not or cannot take place. Counterfactual statements may be identified as statements of the form – If p was true, then q would be true (i.e. assertions whose antecedent (p) and consequent (q) are known or assumed to be false). | @misc{oneill2021i,
title={I Wish I Would Have Loved This One, But I Didn't -- A Multilingual Dataset for Counterfactual Detection in Product Reviews},
author={James O'Neill and Polina Rozenshtein and Ryuichi Kiryo and Motoko Kubota and Danushka Bollegala},
year={2021},
eprint={2104.06893},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.CL}
} | 0 | 401 | 2022-03-02T23:29:22 | # Amazon Multilingual Counterfactual Dataset
The dataset contains sentences from Amazon customer reviews (sampled from Amazon product review dataset) annotated for counterfactual detection (CFD) binary classification. Counterfactual statements describe events that did not or cannot take place. Counterfactual statements may be identified as statements of the form – If p was true, then q would be true (i.e. assertions whose antecedent (p) and consequent (q) are known or assumed to be false).
The key features of this dataset are:
* The dataset is multilingual and contains sentences in English, German, and Japanese.
* The labeling was done by professional linguists and high quality was ensured.
* The dataset is supplemented with the annotation guidelines and definitions, which were worked out by professional linguists. We also provide the clue word lists, which are typical for counterfactual sentences and were used for initial data filtering. The clue word lists were also compiled by professional linguists.
Please see the [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.06893) for the data statistics, detailed description of data collection and annotation.
GitHub repo URL: https://github.com/amazon-research/amazon-multilingual-counterfactual-dataset
## Usage
You can load each of the languages as follows:
```
from datasets import get_dataset_config_names
dataset_id = "SetFit/amazon_counterfactual"
# Returns ['de', 'en', 'en-ext', 'ja']
configs = get_dataset_config_names(dataset_id)
# Load English subset
dset = load_dataset(dataset_id, name="en")
``` | 1,567 | [
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fantasyfish/laion-art | 2023-06-30T08:55:13.000Z | [
"region:us"
] | fantasyfish | null | null | 1 | 401 | 2023-06-30T06:20:14 | ---
dataset_info:
features:
- name: image
dtype: image
- name: text
dtype: string
- name: aesthetic
dtype: float64
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 11640624315.8
num_examples: 20072
- name: test
num_bytes: 538961083.0
num_examples: 855
download_size: 12347056207
dataset_size: 12179585398.8
---
# Dataset Card for "laion-art"
[More Information needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards) | 504 | [
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circa | 2023-01-25T14:28:00.000Z | [
"task_categories:text-classification",
"task_ids:multi-class-classification",
"annotations_creators:expert-generated",
"language_creators:crowdsourced",
"multilinguality:monolingual",
"size_categories:10K<n<100K",
"source_datasets:original",
"language:en",
"license:cc-by-4.0",
"question-answer-pair-classification",
"arxiv:2010.03450",
"region:us"
] | null | The Circa (meaning ‘approximately’) dataset aims to help machine learning systems
to solve the problem of interpreting indirect answers to polar questions.
The dataset contains pairs of yes/no questions and indirect answers, together with
annotations for the interpretation of the answer. The data is collected in 10
different social conversational situations (eg. food preferences of a friend).
NOTE: There might be missing labels in the dataset and we have replaced them with -1.
The original dataset contains no train/dev/test splits. | @InProceedings{louis_emnlp2020,
author = "Annie Louis and Dan Roth and Filip Radlinski",
title = ""{I}'d rather just go to bed": {U}nderstanding {I}ndirect {A}nswers",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods
in Natural Language Processing",
year = "2020",
} | 2 | 400 | 2022-03-02T23:29:22 | ---
annotations_creators:
- expert-generated
language_creators:
- crowdsourced
language:
- en
license:
- cc-by-4.0
multilinguality:
- monolingual
size_categories:
- 10K<n<100K
source_datasets:
- original
task_categories:
- text-classification
task_ids:
- multi-class-classification
paperswithcode_id: circa
pretty_name: CIRCA
tags:
- question-answer-pair-classification
dataset_info:
features:
- name: context
dtype: string
- name: question-X
dtype: string
- name: canquestion-X
dtype: string
- name: answer-Y
dtype: string
- name: judgements
dtype: string
- name: goldstandard1
dtype:
class_label:
names:
'0': 'Yes'
'1': 'No'
'2': In the middle, neither yes nor no
'3': Probably yes / sometimes yes
'4': Probably no
'5': Yes, subject to some conditions
'6': Other
'7': I am not sure how X will interpret Y’s answer
- name: goldstandard2
dtype:
class_label:
names:
'0': 'Yes'
'1': 'No'
'2': In the middle, neither yes nor no
'3': Yes, subject to some conditions
'4': Other
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 8149489
num_examples: 34268
download_size: 7766077
dataset_size: 8149489
---
# Dataset Card for CIRCA
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [CIRCA homepage](https://github.com/google-research-datasets/circa)
- **Repository:** [CIRCA repository](https://github.com/google-research-datasets/circa)
- **Paper:** ["I’d rather just go to bed”: Understanding Indirect Answers](https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.03450)
- **Point of Contact:** [Circa team, Google](circa@google.com)
### Dataset Summary
The Circa (meaning ‘approximately’) dataset aims to help machine learning systems to solve the problem of interpreting indirect answers to polar questions.
The dataset contains pairs of yes/no questions and indirect answers, together with annotations for the interpretation of the answer. The data is collected in 10 different social conversational situations (eg. food preferences of a friend).
The following are the situational contexts for the dialogs in the data.
```
1. X wants to know about Y’s food preferences
2. X wants to know what activities Y likes to do during weekends.
3. X wants to know what sorts of books Y likes to read.
4. Y has just moved into a neighbourhood and meets his/her new neighbour X.
5. X and Y are colleagues who are leaving work on a Friday at the same time.
6. X wants to know about Y's music preferences.
7. Y has just travelled from a different city to meet X.
8. X and Y are childhood neighbours who unexpectedly run into each other at a cafe.
9. Y has just told X that he/she is thinking of buying a flat in New York.
10. Y has just told X that he/she is considering switching his/her job.
```
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed]
### Languages
The text in the dataset is in English.
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
The columns indicate:
```
1. id : unique id for the question-answer pair
2. context : the social situation for the dialogue. One of 10 situations (see next section). Each
situation is a dialogue between a person who poses the question (X) and the person who
answers (Y).
3. question-X : the question posed by X
4. canquestion-X : a (automatically) rewritten version of question into declarative form
Eg. Do you like Italian? --> I like Italian. See the paper for details.
5. answer-Y : the answer given by Y to X
6. judgements : the interpretations for the QA pair from 5 annotators. The value is a list of 5 strings,
separated by the token ‘#’
7. goldstandard1 : a gold standard majority judgement from the annotators. The value is the most common
interpretation and picked by at least 3 (out of 5 annotators). When a majority
judgement was not reached by the above criteria, the value is ‘NA’
8. goldstandard2 : Here the labels ‘Probably yes / sometimes yes’, ‘Probably no', and 'I am not sure how
X will interpret Y’s answer' are mapped respectively to ‘Yes’, ‘No’, and 'In the
middle, neither yes nor no’ before computing the majority. Still the label must be given
at least 3 times to become the majority choice. This method represents a less strict way
of analyzing the interpretations.
```
### Data Fields
```
id : 1
context : X wants to know about Y's food preferences.
question-X : Are you vegan?
canquestion-X : I am vegan.
answer-Y : I love burgers too much.
judgements : no#no#no#no#no
goldstandard1 : no (label(s) used for the classification task)
goldstandard2 : no (label(s) used for the classification task)
```
### Data Splits
There are no explicit train/val/test splits in this dataset.
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
They revisited a pragmatic inference problem in dialog: Understanding indirect responses to questions. Humans can interpret ‘I’m starving.’ in response to ‘Hungry?’, even without direct cue words such as ‘yes’ and ‘no’. In dialog systems, allowing natural responses rather than closed vocabularies would be similarly beneficial. However, today’s systems are only as sensitive to these pragmatic moves as their language model allows. They create and release the first large-scale English language corpus ‘Circa’ with 34,268 (polar question, indirect answer) pairs to enable progress on this task.
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
The QA pairs and judgements were collected using crowd annotations in three phases. They recruited English native speakers. The full descriptions of the data collection and quality control are present in [EMNLP 2020 paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.03450.pdf). Below is a brief overview only.
Phase 1: In the first phase, they collected questions only. They designed 10 imaginary social situations which give the annotator a context for the conversation. Examples are:
```
‘asking a friend for food preferences’
‘meeting your childhood neighbour’
‘your friend wants to buy a flat in New York’
```
Annotators were asked to suggest questions which could be asked in each situation, such that each question only requires a ‘yes’ or ‘no’ answer. 100 annotators produced 5 questions each for the 10 situations, resulting in 5000 questions.
Phase 2: Here they focused on eliciting answers to the questions. They sampled 3500 questions from our previous set. For each question, They collected possible answers from 10 different annotators. The annotators were instructed to provide a natural phrase or a sentence as the answer and to avoid the use of explicit ‘yes’ and ‘no’ words.
Phase 3: Finally the QA pairs (34,268) were given to a third set of annotators who were asked how the question seeker would likely interpret a particular answer. These annotators had the following options to choose from:
```
* 'Yes'
* 'Probably yes' / 'sometimes yes'
* 'Yes, subject to some conditions'
* 'No'
* 'Probably no'
* 'In the middle, neither yes nor no'
* 'I am not sure how X will interpret Y's answer'
```
#### Who are the source language producers?
The rest of the data apart from 10 initial questions was collected using crowd workers. They ran pilots for each step of data collection, and perused their results manually to ensure clarity in guidelines, and quality of the data. They also recruited native English speakers, mostly from the USA, and a few from the UK and Canada. They did not collect any further information about the crowd workers.
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the annotators?
The rest of the data apart from 10 initial questions was collected using crowd workers. They ran pilots for each step of data collection, and perused their results manually to ensure clarity in guidelines, and quality of the data. They also recruited native English speakers, mostly from the USA, and a few from the UK and Canada. They did not collect any further information about the crowd workers.
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
This dataset is the work of Annie Louis, Dan Roth, and Filip Radlinski from Google LLC.
### Licensing Information
This dataset was made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. A full copy of the license can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/e and link to the license webpage if available.
### Citation Information
```
@InProceedings{louis_emnlp2020,
author = "Annie Louis and Dan Roth and Filip Radlinski",
title = ""{I}'d rather just go to bed": {U}nderstanding {I}ndirect {A}nswers",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
year = "2020",
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@bhavitvyamalik](https://github.com/bhavitvyamalik) for adding this dataset. | 10,360 | [
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selqa | 2023-01-25T14:43:46.000Z | [
"task_categories:question-answering",
"task_ids:open-domain-qa",
"annotations_creators:crowdsourced",
"language_creators:found",
"multilinguality:monolingual",
"size_categories:1K<n<10K",
"source_datasets:original",
"language:en",
"license:apache-2.0",
"arxiv:1606.00851",
"region:us"
] | null | The SelQA dataset provides crowdsourced annotation for two selection-based question answer tasks,
answer sentence selection and answer triggering. | @InProceedings{7814688,
author={T. {Jurczyk} and M. {Zhai} and J. D. {Choi}},
booktitle={2016 IEEE 28th International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI)},
title={SelQA: A New Benchmark for Selection-Based Question Answering},
year={2016},
volume={},
number={},
pages={820-827},
doi={10.1109/ICTAI.2016.0128}
} | 0 | 400 | 2022-03-02T23:29:22 | ---
annotations_creators:
- crowdsourced
language_creators:
- found
language:
- en
license:
- apache-2.0
multilinguality:
- monolingual
size_categories:
- 1K<n<10K
source_datasets:
- original
task_categories:
- question-answering
task_ids:
- open-domain-qa
paperswithcode_id: selqa
pretty_name: SelQA
dataset_info:
- config_name: answer_selection_analysis
features:
- name: section
dtype: string
- name: question
dtype: string
- name: article
dtype: string
- name: is_paraphrase
dtype: bool
- name: topic
dtype:
class_label:
names:
'0': MUSIC
'1': TV
'2': TRAVEL
'3': ART
'4': SPORT
'5': COUNTRY
'6': MOVIES
'7': HISTORICAL EVENTS
'8': SCIENCE
'9': FOOD
- name: answers
sequence: int32
- name: candidates
sequence: string
- name: q_types
sequence:
class_label:
names:
'0': what
'1': why
'2': when
'3': who
'4': where
'5': how
'6': ''
splits:
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num_bytes: 9676758
num_examples: 5529
- name: test
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num_examples: 1590
- name: validation
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download_size: 14773444
dataset_size: 13853702
- config_name: answer_selection_experiments
features:
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dtype: string
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- config_name: answer_triggering_analysis
features:
- name: section
dtype: string
- name: question
dtype: string
- name: article
dtype: string
- name: is_paraphrase
dtype: bool
- name: topic
dtype:
class_label:
names:
'0': MUSIC
'1': TV
'2': TRAVEL
'3': ART
'4': SPORT
'5': COUNTRY
'6': MOVIES
'7': HISTORICAL EVENTS
'8': SCIENCE
'9': FOOD
- name: q_types
sequence:
class_label:
names:
'0': what
'1': why
'2': when
'3': who
'4': where
'5': how
'6': ''
- name: candidate_list
sequence:
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dtype: string
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dtype: string
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sequence: string
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- config_name: answer_triggering_experiments
features:
- name: question
dtype: string
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splits:
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num_examples: 59845
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num_bytes: 6055616
num_examples: 28798
download_size: 57992239
dataset_size: 61517095
---
# Dataset Card for SelQA
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** https://github.com/emorynlp/selqa
- **Repository:** https://github.com/emorynlp/selqa
- **Paper:** https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.00851
- **Leaderboard:** [Needs More Information]
- **Point of Contact:** Tomasz Jurczyk <http://tomaszjurczyk.com/>, Jinho D. Choi <http://www.mathcs.emory.edu/~choi/home.html>
### Dataset Summary
SelQA: A New Benchmark for Selection-Based Question Answering
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
Question Answering
### Languages
English
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
An example from the `answer selection` set:
```
{
"section": "Museums",
"question": "Where are Rockefeller Museum and LA Mayer Institute for Islamic Art?",
"article": "Israel",
"is_paraphrase": true,
"topic": "COUNTRY",
"answers": [
5
],
"candidates": [
"The Israel Museum in Jerusalem is one of Israel's most important cultural institutions and houses the Dead Sea scrolls, along with an extensive collection of Judaica and European art.",
"Israel's national Holocaust museum, Yad Vashem, is the world central archive of Holocaust-related information.",
"Beth Hatefutsoth (the Diaspora Museum), on the campus of Tel Aviv University, is an interactive museum devoted to the history of Jewish communities around the world.",
"Apart from the major museums in large cities, there are high-quality artspaces in many towns and \"kibbutzim\".",
"\"Mishkan Le'Omanut\" on Kibbutz Ein Harod Meuhad is the largest art museum in the north of the country.",
"Several Israeli museums are devoted to Islamic culture, including the Rockefeller Museum and the L. A. Mayer Institute for Islamic Art, both in Jerusalem.",
"The Rockefeller specializes in archaeological remains from the Ottoman and other periods of Middle East history.",
"It is also the home of the first hominid fossil skull found in Western Asia called Galilee Man.",
"A cast of the skull is on display at the Israel Museum."
],
"q_types": [
"where"
]
}
```
An example from the `answer triggering` set:
```
{
"section": "Museums",
"question": "Where are Rockefeller Museum and LA Mayer Institute for Islamic Art?",
"article": "Israel",
"is_paraphrase": true,
"topic": "COUNTRY",
"candidate_list": [
{
"article": "List of places in Jerusalem",
"section": "List_of_places_in_Jerusalem-Museums",
"answers": [],
"candidates": [
" Israel Museum *Shrine of the Book *Rockefeller Museum of Archeology Bible Lands Museum Jerusalem Yad Vashem Holocaust Museum L.A. Mayer Institute for Islamic Art Bloomfield Science Museum Natural History Museum Museum of Italian Jewish Art Ticho House Tower of David Jerusalem Tax Museum Herzl Museum Siebenberg House Museums.",
"Museum on the Seam "
]
},
{
"article": "Israel",
"section": "Israel-Museums",
"answers": [
5
],
"candidates": [
"The Israel Museum in Jerusalem is one of Israel's most important cultural institutions and houses the Dead Sea scrolls, along with an extensive collection of Judaica and European art.",
"Israel's national Holocaust museum, Yad Vashem, is the world central archive of Holocaust-related information.",
"Beth Hatefutsoth (the Diaspora Museum), on the campus of Tel Aviv University, is an interactive museum devoted to the history of Jewish communities around the world.",
"Apart from the major museums in large cities, there are high-quality artspaces in many towns and \"kibbutzim\".",
"\"Mishkan Le'Omanut\" on Kibbutz Ein Harod Meuhad is the largest art museum in the north of the country.",
"Several Israeli museums are devoted to Islamic culture, including the Rockefeller Museum and the L. A. Mayer Institute for Islamic Art, both in Jerusalem.",
"The Rockefeller specializes in archaeological remains from the Ottoman and other periods of Middle East history.",
"It is also the home of the first hominid fossil skull found in Western Asia called Galilee Man.",
"A cast of the skull is on display at the Israel Museum."
]
},
{
"article": "L. A. Mayer Institute for Islamic Art",
"section": "L._A._Mayer_Institute_for_Islamic_Art-Abstract",
"answers": [],
"candidates": [
"The L.A. Mayer Institute for Islamic Art (Hebrew: \u05de\u05d5\u05d6\u05d9\u05d0\u05d5\u05df \u05dc.",
"\u05d0.",
"\u05de\u05d0\u05d9\u05e8 \u05dc\u05d0\u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05e1\u05dc\u05d0\u05dd) is a museum in Jerusalem, Israel, established in 1974.",
"It is located in Katamon, down the road from the Jerusalem Theater.",
"The museum houses Islamic pottery, textiles, jewelry, ceremonial objects and other Islamic cultural artifacts.",
"It is not to be confused with the Islamic Museum, Jerusalem. "
]
},
{
"article": "Islamic Museum, Jerusalem",
"section": "Islamic_Museum,_Jerusalem-Abstract",
"answers": [],
"candidates": [
"The Islamic Museum is a museum on the Temple Mount in the Old City section of Jerusalem.",
"On display are exhibits from ten periods of Islamic history encompassing several Muslim regions.",
"The museum is located adjacent to al-Aqsa Mosque.",
"It is not to be confused with the L. A. Mayer Institute for Islamic Art, also a museum in Jerusalem. "
]
},
{
"article": "L. A. Mayer Institute for Islamic Art",
"section": "L._A._Mayer_Institute_for_Islamic_Art-Contemporary_Arab_art",
"answers": [],
"candidates": [
"In 2008, a group exhibit of contemporary Arab art opened at L.A. Mayer Institute, the first show of local Arab art in an Israeli museum and the first to be mounted by an Arab curator.",
"Thirteen Arab artists participated in the show. "
]
}
],
"q_types": [
"where"
]
}
```
An example from any of the `experiments` data:
```
Where are Rockefeller Museum and LA Mayer Institute for Islamic Art ? The Israel Museum in Jerusalem is one of Israel 's most important cultural institutions and houses the Dead Sea scrolls , along with an extensive collection of Judaica and European art . 0
Where are Rockefeller Museum and LA Mayer Institute for Islamic Art ? Israel 's national Holocaust museum , Yad Vashem , is the world central archive of Holocaust - related information . 0
Where are Rockefeller Museum and LA Mayer Institute for Islamic Art ? Beth Hatefutsoth ( the Diaspora Museum ) , on the campus of Tel Aviv University , is an interactive museum devoted to the history of Jewish communities around the world . 0
Where are Rockefeller Museum and LA Mayer Institute for Islamic Art ? Apart from the major museums in large cities , there are high - quality artspaces in many towns and " kibbutzim " . 0
Where are Rockefeller Museum and LA Mayer Institute for Islamic Art ? " Mishkan Le'Omanut " on Kibbutz Ein Harod Meuhad is the largest art museum in the north of the country . 0
Where are Rockefeller Museum and LA Mayer Institute for Islamic Art ? Several Israeli museums are devoted to Islamic culture , including the Rockefeller Museum and the L. A. Mayer Institute for Islamic Art , both in Jerusalem . 1
Where are Rockefeller Museum and LA Mayer Institute for Islamic Art ? The Rockefeller specializes in archaeological remains from the Ottoman and other periods of Middle East history . 0
Where are Rockefeller Museum and LA Mayer Institute for Islamic Art ? It is also the home of the first hominid fossil skull found in Western Asia called Galilee Man . 0
Where are Rockefeller Museum and LA Mayer Institute for Islamic Art ? A cast of the skull is on display at the Israel Museum . 0
```
### Data Fields
#### Answer Selection
##### Data for Analysis
for analysis, the columns are:
* `question`: the question.
* `article`: the Wikipedia article related to this question.
* `section`: the section in the Wikipedia article related to this question.
* `topic`: the topic of this question, where the topics are *MUSIC*, *TV*, *TRAVEL*, *ART*, *SPORT*, *COUNTRY*, *MOVIES*, *HISTORICAL EVENTS*, *SCIENCE*, *FOOD*.
* `q_types`: the list of question types, where the types are *what*, *why*, *when*, *who*, *where*, and *how*. If empty, none of the those types are recognized in this question.
* `is_paraphrase`: *True* if this question is a paragraph of some other question in this dataset; otherwise, *False*.
* `candidates`: the list of sentences in the related section.
* `answers`: the list of candidate indices containing the answer context of this question.
##### Data for Experiments
for experiments, each column gives:
* `0`: a question where all tokens are separated.
* `1`: a candidate of the question where all tokens are separated.
* `2`: the label where `0` implies no answer to the question is found in this candidate and `1` implies the answer is found.
#### Answer Triggering
##### Data for Analysis
for analysis, the columns are:
* `question`: the question.
* `article`: the Wikipedia article related to this question.
* `section`: the section in the Wikipedia article related to this question.
* `topic`: the topic of this question, where the topics are *MUSIC*, *TV*, *TRAVEL*, *ART*, *SPORT*, *COUNTRY*, *MOVIES*, *HISTORICAL EVENTS*, *SCIENCE*, *FOOD*.
* `q_types`: the list of question types, where the types are *what*, *why*, *when*, *who*, *where*, and *how*. If empty, none of the those types are recognized in this question.
* `is_paraphrase`: *True* if this question is a paragraph of some other question in this dataset; otherwise, *False*.
* `candidate_list`: the list of 5 candidate sections:
* `article`: the title of the candidate article.
* `section`: the section in the candidate article.
* `candidates`: the list of sentences in this candidate section.
* `answers`: the list of candidate indices containing the answer context of this question (can be empty).
##### Data for Experiments
for experiments, each column gives:
* `0`: a question where all tokens are separated.
* `1`: a candidate of the question where all tokens are separated.
* `2`: the label where `0` implies no answer to the question is found in this candidate and `1` implies the answer is found.
### Data Splits
| |Train| Valid| Test|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Answer Selection | 5529 | 785 | 1590 |
| Answer Triggering | 27645 | 3925 | 7950 |
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
To encourage research and provide an initial benchmark for selection based question answering and answer triggering tasks
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[Needs More Information]
#### Who are the source language producers?
[Needs More Information]
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
Crowdsourced
#### Who are the annotators?
[Needs More Information]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[Needs More Information]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
The purpose of this dataset is to help develop better selection-based question answering systems.
### Discussion of Biases
[Needs More Information]
### Other Known Limitations
[Needs More Information]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[Needs More Information]
### Licensing Information
Apache License 2.0
### Citation Information
@InProceedings{7814688,
author={T. {Jurczyk} and M. {Zhai} and J. D. {Choi}},
booktitle={2016 IEEE 28th International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI)},
title={SelQA: A New Benchmark for Selection-Based Question Answering},
year={2016},
volume={},
number={},
pages={820-827},
doi={10.1109/ICTAI.2016.0128}
}
### Contributions
Thanks to [@Bharat123rox](https://github.com/Bharat123rox) for adding this dataset. | 17,249 | [
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] |
discovery | 2023-06-02T12:27:46.000Z | [
"task_categories:text-classification",
"annotations_creators:other",
"language_creators:other",
"multilinguality:monolingual",
"size_categories:10K<n<100K",
"size_categories:1M<n<10M",
"source_datasets:original",
"language:en",
"license:apache-2.0",
"discourse-marker-prediction",
"region:us"
] | null | null | @inproceedings{sileo-etal-2019-mining,
title = "Mining Discourse Markers for Unsupervised Sentence Representation Learning",
author = "Sileo, Damien and
Van De Cruys, Tim and
Pradel, Camille and
Muller, Philippe",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North {A}merican Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long and Short Papers)",
month = jun,
year = "2019",
address = "Minneapolis, Minnesota",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N19-1351",
pages = "3477--3486",
abstract = "Current state of the art systems in NLP heavily rely on manually annotated datasets, which are expensive to construct. Very little work adequately exploits unannotated data {--} such as discourse markers between sentences {--} mainly because of data sparseness and ineffective extraction methods. In the present work, we propose a method to automatically discover sentence pairs with relevant discourse markers, and apply it to massive amounts of data. Our resulting dataset contains 174 discourse markers with at least 10k examples each, even for rare markers such as {``}coincidentally{''} or {``}amazingly{''}. We use the resulting data as supervision for learning transferable sentence embeddings. In addition, we show that even though sentence representation learning through prediction of discourse marker yields state of the art results across different transfer tasks, it{'}s not clear that our models made use of the semantic relation between sentences, thus leaving room for further improvements.",
} | 5 | 399 | 2022-03-02T23:29:22 | ---
annotations_creators:
- other
language_creators:
- other
language:
- en
license: apache-2.0
multilinguality:
- monolingual
size_categories:
- 10K<n<100K
- 1M<n<10M
source_datasets:
- original
task_categories:
- text-classification
task_ids: []
paperswithcode_id: discovery
pretty_name: Discovery
tags:
- discourse-marker-prediction
dataset_info:
- config_name: discovery
features:
- name: sentence1
dtype: string
- name: sentence2
dtype: string
- name: label
dtype:
class_label:
names:
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- name: idx
dtype: int32
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 334809726
num_examples: 1566000
- name: validation
num_bytes: 18607661
num_examples: 87000
- name: test
num_bytes: 18615474
num_examples: 87000
download_size: 146233621
dataset_size: 372032861
- config_name: discoverysmall
features:
- name: sentence1
dtype: string
- name: sentence2
dtype: string
- name: label
dtype:
class_label:
names:
'0': '[no-conn]'
'1': absolutely,
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'11': alternatively
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'18': arguably,
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'26': by_contrast,
'27': by_doing_this,
'28': by_then
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dtype: int32
splits:
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num_bytes: 3355192
num_examples: 15662
- name: validation
num_bytes: 185296
num_examples: 871
- name: test
num_bytes: 187471
num_examples: 869
download_size: 146233621
dataset_size: 3727959
train-eval-index:
- config: discovery
task: text-classification
task_id: multi-class-classification
splits:
train_split: train
eval_split: validation
col_mapping:
sentence1: text1
sentence2: text2
label: target
- config: discoverysmall
task: text-classification
task_id: multi-class-classification
splits:
train_split: train
eval_split: validation
col_mapping:
sentence1: text1
sentence2: text2
label: target
config_names:
- discovery
- discoverysmall
---
# Dataset Card for Discovery
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** https://github.com/sileod/Discovery
- **Repository:** https://github.com/sileod/Discovery
- **Paper:** https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N19-1351/
- **Leaderboard:**
- **Point of Contact:** damien.sileo at inria.fr
### Dataset Summary
Discourse marker prediction with 174 markers
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed]
### Languages
English
## Dataset Structure
input : sentence1, sentence2,
label: marker originally between sentence1 and sentence2
### Data Instances
[More Information Needed]
### Data Fields
[More Information Needed]
### Data Splits
Train/Val/Test
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed]
### Source Data
Aranea english web corpus
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed]
### Annotations
Self supervised (see paper)
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed]
### Licensing Information
[More Information Needed]
### Citation Information
```
@inproceedings{sileo-etal-2019-mining,
title = "Mining Discourse Markers for Unsupervised Sentence Representation Learning",
author = "Sileo, Damien and
Van De Cruys, Tim and
Pradel, Camille and
Muller, Philippe",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North {A}merican Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long and Short Papers)",
month = jun,
year = "2019",
address = "Minneapolis, Minnesota",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N19-1351",
pages = "3477--3486",
abstract = "Current state of the art systems in NLP heavily rely on manually annotated datasets, which are expensive to construct. Very little work adequately exploits unannotated data {--} such as discourse markers between sentences {--} mainly because of data sparseness and ineffective extraction methods. In the present work, we propose a method to automatically discover sentence pairs with relevant discourse markers, and apply it to massive amounts of data. Our resulting dataset contains 174 discourse markers with at least 10k examples each, even for rare markers such as {``}coincidentally{''} or {``}amazingly{''}. We use the resulting data as supervision for learning transferable sentence embeddings. In addition, we show that even though sentence representation learning through prediction of discourse marker yields state of the art results across different transfer tasks, it{'}s not clear that our models made use of the semantic relation between sentences, thus leaving room for further improvements.",
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@sileod](https://github.com/sileod) for adding this dataset. | 15,527 | [
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wiki_auto | 2023-06-01T14:59:51.000Z | [
"task_categories:text2text-generation",
"task_ids:text-simplification",
"annotations_creators:crowdsourced",
"annotations_creators:machine-generated",
"language_creators:found",
"multilinguality:monolingual",
"size_categories:100K<n<1M",
"source_datasets:extended|other-wikipedia",
"language:en",
"license:cc-by-sa-3.0",
"arxiv:2005.02324",
"region:us"
] | null | WikiAuto provides a set of aligned sentences from English Wikipedia and Simple English Wikipedia
as a resource to train sentence simplification systems. The authors first crowd-sourced a set of manual alignments
between sentences in a subset of the Simple English Wikipedia and their corresponding versions in English Wikipedia
(this corresponds to the `manual` config), then trained a neural CRF system to predict these alignments.
The trained model was then applied to the other articles in Simple English Wikipedia with an English counterpart to
create a larger corpus of aligned sentences (corresponding to the `auto`, `auto_acl`, `auto_full_no_split`, and `auto_full_with_split` configs here). | @inproceedings{acl/JiangMLZX20,
author = {Chao Jiang and
Mounica Maddela and
Wuwei Lan and
Yang Zhong and
Wei Xu},
editor = {Dan Jurafsky and
Joyce Chai and
Natalie Schluter and
Joel R. Tetreault},
title = {Neural {CRF} Model for Sentence Alignment in Text Simplification},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational
Linguistics, {ACL} 2020, Online, July 5-10, 2020},
pages = {7943--7960},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
year = {2020},
url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.acl-main.709/}
} | 7 | 399 | 2022-03-02T23:29:22 | ---
annotations_creators:
- crowdsourced
- machine-generated
language_creators:
- found
language:
- en
license:
- cc-by-sa-3.0
multilinguality:
- monolingual
size_categories:
- 100K<n<1M
source_datasets:
- extended|other-wikipedia
task_categories:
- text2text-generation
task_ids:
- text-simplification
pretty_name: WikiAuto
dataset_info:
- config_name: manual
features:
- name: alignment_label
dtype:
class_label:
names:
'0': notAligned
'1': aligned
'2': partialAligned
- name: normal_sentence_id
dtype: string
- name: simple_sentence_id
dtype: string
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dtype: string
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dtype: string
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dtype: float32
splits:
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num_bytes: 110838475
num_examples: 373801
- name: dev
num_bytes: 21112775
num_examples: 73249
- name: test
num_bytes: 33851634
num_examples: 118074
download_size: 168957430
dataset_size: 165802884
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features:
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dtype: string
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dtype: string
splits:
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num_bytes: 121975414
num_examples: 488332
download_size: 118068366
dataset_size: 121975414
- config_name: auto
features:
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dtype: string
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struct:
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dtype: int32
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sequence:
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struct:
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dtype: string
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dtype: string
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sequence:
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dtype: string
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sequence:
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dtype: string
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sequence:
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splits:
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num_bytes: 1773240295
num_examples: 125059
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num_examples: 13036
download_size: 2160638921
dataset_size: 1853657946
- config_name: auto_full_no_split
features:
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dtype: string
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dtype: string
splits:
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download_size: 141574179
dataset_size: 146310611
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features:
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dtype: string
- name: simple_sentence
dtype: string
splits:
- name: full
num_bytes: 124549115
num_examples: 483801
download_size: 120678315
dataset_size: 124549115
config_names:
- auto
- auto_acl
- auto_full_no_split
- auto_full_with_split
- manual
---
# Dataset Card for WikiAuto
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Repository:** [WikiAuto github repository](https://github.com/chaojiang06/wiki-auto)
- **Paper:** [Neural CRF Model for Sentence Alignment in Text Simplification](https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.02324)
- **Point of Contact:** [Chao Jiang](jiang.1530@osu.edu)
### Dataset Summary
WikiAuto provides a set of aligned sentences from English Wikipedia and Simple English Wikipedia as a resource to train sentence simplification systems.
The authors first crowd-sourced a set of manual alignments between sentences in a subset of the Simple English Wikipedia and their corresponding versions in English Wikipedia (this corresponds to the `manual` config in this version of dataset), then trained a neural CRF system to predict these alignments.
The trained alignment prediction model was then applied to the other articles in Simple English Wikipedia with an English counterpart to create a larger corpus of aligned sentences (corresponding to the `auto`, `auto_acl`, `auto_full_no_split`, and `auto_full_with_split` configs here).
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
The dataset was created to support a `text-simplification` task. Success in these tasks is typically measured using the [SARI](https://huggingface.co/metrics/sari) and [FKBLEU](https://huggingface.co/metrics/fkbleu) metrics described in the paper [Optimizing Statistical Machine Translation for Text Simplification](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Q16-1029.pdf).
### Languages
While both the input and output of the proposed task are in English (`en`), it should be noted that it is presented as a translation task where Wikipedia Simple English is treated as its own idiom. For a statement of what is intended (but not always observed) to constitute Simple English on this platform, see [Simple English in Wikipedia](https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About#Simple_English).
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
The data in all of the configurations looks a little different.
A `manual` config instance consists of a sentence from the Simple English Wikipedia article, one from the linked English Wikipedia article, IDs for each of them, and a label indicating whether they are aligned. Sentences on either side can be repeated so that the aligned sentences are in the same instances. For example:
```
{'alignment_label': 1,
'normal_sentence_id': '0_66252-1-0-0',
'simple_sentence_id': '0_66252-0-0-0',
'normal_sentence': 'The Local Government Act 1985 is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom.', 'simple_sentence': 'The Local Government Act 1985 was an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom', 'gleu_score': 0.800000011920929}
```
Is followed by
```
{'alignment_label': 0,
'normal_sentence_id': '0_66252-1-0-1',
'simple_sentence_id': '0_66252-0-0-0',
'normal_sentence': 'Its main effect was to abolish the six county councils of the metropolitan counties that had been set up in 1974, 11 years earlier, by the Local Government Act 1972, along with the Greater London Council that had been established in 1965.',
'simple_sentence': 'The Local Government Act 1985 was an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom', 'gleu_score': 0.08641975373029709}
```
The `auto` config shows a pair of an English and corresponding Simple English Wikipedia as an instance, with an alignment at the paragraph and sentence level:
```
{'example_id': '0',
'normal': {'normal_article_content': {'normal_sentence': ["Lata Mondal ( ; born: 16 January 1993, Dhaka) is a Bangladeshi cricketer who plays for the Bangladesh national women's cricket team.",
'She is a right handed batter.',
'Mondal was born on January 16, 1993 in Dhaka, Bangladesh.',
"Mondal made her ODI career against the Ireland women's cricket team on November 26, 2011.",
"Mondal made her T20I career against the Ireland women's cricket team on August 28, 2012.",
"In October 2018, she was named in Bangladesh's squad for the 2018 ICC Women's World Twenty20 tournament in the West Indies.",
"Mondal was a member of the team that won a silver medal in cricket against the China national women's cricket team at the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou, China."],
'normal_sentence_id': ['normal-41918715-0-0',
'normal-41918715-0-1',
'normal-41918715-1-0',
'normal-41918715-2-0',
'normal-41918715-3-0',
'normal-41918715-3-1',
'normal-41918715-4-0']},
'normal_article_id': 41918715,
'normal_article_title': 'Lata Mondal',
'normal_article_url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41918715'},
'paragraph_alignment': {'normal_paragraph_id': ['normal-41918715-0'],
'simple_paragraph_id': ['simple-702227-0']},
'sentence_alignment': {'normal_sentence_id': ['normal-41918715-0-0',
'normal-41918715-0-1'],
'simple_sentence_id': ['simple-702227-0-0', 'simple-702227-0-1']},
'simple': {'simple_article_content': {'simple_sentence': ["Lata Mondal (born: 16 January 1993) is a Bangladeshi cricketer who plays for the Bangladesh national women's cricket team.",
'She is a right handed bat.'],
'simple_sentence_id': ['simple-702227-0-0', 'simple-702227-0-1']},
'simple_article_id': 702227,
'simple_article_title': 'Lata Mondal',
'simple_article_url': 'https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=702227'}}
```
Finally, the `auto_acl`, the `auto_full_no_split`, and the `auto_full_with_split` configs were obtained by selecting the aligned pairs of sentences from `auto` to provide a ready-to-go aligned dataset to train a sequence-to-sequence system. While `auto_acl` corresponds to the filtered version of the data used to train the systems in the paper, `auto_full_no_split` and `auto_full_with_split` correspond to the unfiltered versions with and without sentence splits respectively. In the `auto_full_with_split` config, we join the sentences in the simple article mapped to the same sentence in the complex article to capture sentence splitting. Split sentences are separated by a `<SEP>` token. In the `auto_full_no_split` config, we do not join the splits and treat them as separate pairs. An instance is a single pair of sentences:
```
{'normal_sentence': 'In early work , Rutherford discovered the concept of radioactive half-life , the radioactive element radon , and differentiated and named alpha and beta radiation .\n',
'simple_sentence': 'Rutherford discovered the radioactive half-life , and the three parts of radiation which he named Alpha , Beta , and Gamma .\n'}
```
### Data Fields
The data has the following field:
- `normal_sentence`: a sentence from English Wikipedia.
- `normal_sentence_id`: a unique ID for each English Wikipedia sentence. The last two dash-separated numbers correspond to the paragraph number in the article and the sentence number in the paragraph.
- `simple_sentence`: a sentence from Simple English Wikipedia.
- `simple_sentence_id`: a unique ID for each Simple English Wikipedia sentence. The last two dash-separated numbers correspond to the paragraph number in the article and the sentence number in the paragraph.
- `alignment_label`: signifies whether a pair of sentences is aligned: labels are `2:partialAligned`, `1:aligned` and `0:notAligned`
- `paragraph_alignment`: a first step of alignment mapping English and Simple English paragraphs from linked articles
- `sentence_alignment`: the full alignment mapping English and Simple English sentences from linked articles
- `gleu_score`: the sentence level GLEU (Google-BLEU) score for each pair.
### Data Splits
In `auto`, the `part_2` split corresponds to the articles used in `manual`, and `part_1` has the rest of Wikipedia.
The `manual` config is provided with a `train`/`dev`/`test` split with the following amounts of data:
| | train | validation | test |
|------------------------|--------:|-----------:|--------:|
| Total sentence pairs | 373801 | 73249 | 118074 |
| Aligned sentence pairs | 1889 | 346 | 677 |
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
Simple English Wikipedia provides a ready source of training data for text simplification systems, as 1. articles in different languages are linked, making it easier to find parallel data and 2. the Simple English data is written by users for users rather than by professional translators. However, even though articles are aligned, finding a good sentence-level alignment can remain challenging. This work aims to provide a solution for this problem. By manually annotating a sub-set of the articles, they manage to achieve an F1 score of over 88% on predicting alignment, which allows to create a good quality sentence level aligned corpus using all of Simple English Wikipedia.
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
The authors mention that they "extracted 138,095 article pairs from the 2019/09 Wikipedia dump [...] using an improved version of the [WikiExtractor](https://github.com/attardi/wikiextractor) library". The [SpaCy](https://spacy.io/) library is used for sentence splitting.
#### Who are the source language producers?
The dataset uses langauge from Wikipedia: some demographic information is provided [here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Who_writes_Wikipedia%3F).
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
Sentence alignment labels were obtained for 500 randomly sampled document pairs (10,123 sentence pairs total). The authors pre-selected several alignment candidates from English Wikipedia for each Simple Wikipedia sentence based on various similarity metrics, then asked the crowd-workers to annotate these pairs.
#### Who are the annotators?
No demographic annotation is provided for the crowd workers.
[More Information Needed]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
The dataset was created by Chao Jiang, Mounica Maddela, Wuwei Lan, Yang Zhong, and Wei Xu working at Ohio State University.
### Licensing Information
The dataset is not licensed by itself, but the source Wikipedia data is under a `cc-by-sa-3.0` license.
### Citation Information
You can cite the paper presenting the dataset as:
```
@inproceedings{acl/JiangMLZX20,
author = {Chao Jiang and
Mounica Maddela and
Wuwei Lan and
Yang Zhong and
Wei Xu},
editor = {Dan Jurafsky and
Joyce Chai and
Natalie Schluter and
Joel R. Tetreault},
title = {Neural {CRF} Model for Sentence Alignment in Text Simplification},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational
Linguistics, {ACL} 2020, Online, July 5-10, 2020},
pages = {7943--7960},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
year = {2020},
url = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.acl-main.709/}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@yjernite](https://github.com/yjernite), [@mounicam](https://github.com/mounicam) for adding this dataset. | 15,374 | [
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] |
lucadiliello/newsqa | 2023-06-06T08:36:25.000Z | [
"region:us"
] | lucadiliello | null | null | 3 | 399 | 2023-02-25T18:03:41 | ---
dataset_info:
features:
- name: context
dtype: string
- name: question
dtype: string
- name: answers
sequence: string
- name: key
dtype: string
- name: labels
list:
- name: end
sequence: int64
- name: start
sequence: int64
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 234711053
num_examples: 74160
- name: validation
num_bytes: 13234782
num_examples: 4212
download_size: 31328809
dataset_size: 247945835
---
# Dataset Card for "newsqa"
Split taken from the MRQA 2019 Shared Task, formatted and filtered for Question Answering. For the original dataset, have a look [here](https://huggingface.co/datasets/mrqa). | 681 | [
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NumbersStation/NSText2SQL | 2023-07-11T05:26:13.000Z | [
"task_categories:text2text-generation",
"language_creators:crowdsourced",
"language_creators:expert-generated",
"multilinguality:multilingual",
"size_categories:100K<n<1M",
"language:en",
"license:other",
"text-to-sql",
"region:us"
] | NumbersStation | null | null | 28 | 399 | 2023-07-11T05:26:12 | ---
language:
- en
task_categories:
- text2text-generation
license:
- other
language_creators:
- crowdsourced
- expert-generated
multilinguality:
- multilingual
tags:
- text-to-sql
size_categories:
- 100K<n<1M
pretty_name: NSText2SQL
---
# Dataset Summary
NSText2SQL dataset used to train [NSQL](https://huggingface.co/NumbersStation/nsql-6B) models. The data is curated from more than 20 different public sources across the web with permissable licenses (listed below). All of these datasets come with existing text-to-SQL pairs. We apply various data cleaning and pre-processing techniques including table schema augmentation, SQL cleaning, and instruction generation using existing LLMs. The resulting dataset contains around 290,000 samples of text-to-SQL pairs.
For more information and code, please see [this repository](https://github.com/NumbersStationAI/NSQL).
# How to use it
```python
from datasets import load_dataset
dataset = load_dataset("NumbersStation/NSText2SQL")
```
# Dataset Structure
## Data Instances
Each data instance in this dataset represents a text-to-SQL entry where the instruction has been formatted with the table schema and question. The output is the SQL in SQlite dialect.
## Data Fields
- `instruction` (string): the instruction to generate SQL.
- `output` (string): the ground truth SQL.
- `source` (string): the source dataset of the sample.
# Languages
The language of the data is primarily English.
# Source Data and Licensing Information
NSText2SQL is sourced from repositories with various licenses. Any use of all or part of the data gathered in NSText2SQL must abide by the terms of the original licenses, including attribution clauses when relevant. We thank all authors who provided these datasets. We provide provenance information for each dataset below.
| Datasets | License | Link |
| ---------------------- | ------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| academic | Not Found | [https://github.com/jkkummerfeld/text2sql-data](https://github.com/jkkummerfeld/text2sql-data) |
| advising | CC-BY-4.0 | [https://github.com/jkkummerfeld/text2sql-data](https://github.com/jkkummerfeld/text2sql-data) |
| atis | Not Found | [https://github.com/jkkummerfeld/text2sql-data](https://github.com/jkkummerfeld/text2sql-data) |
| restaurants | Not Found | [https://github.com/jkkummerfeld/text2sql-data](https://github.com/jkkummerfeld/text2sql-data) |
| scholar | Not Found | [https://github.com/jkkummerfeld/text2sql-data](https://github.com/jkkummerfeld/text2sql-data) |
| imdb | Not Found | [https://github.com/jkkummerfeld/text2sql-data](https://github.com/jkkummerfeld/text2sql-data) |
| yelp | Not Found | [https://github.com/jkkummerfeld/text2sql-data](https://github.com/jkkummerfeld/text2sql-data) |
| criteria2sql | Apache-2.0 | [https://github.com/xiaojingyu92/Criteria2SQL](https://github.com/xiaojingyu92/Criteria2SQL) |
| css | CC-BY-4.0 | [https://huggingface.co/datasets/zhanghanchong/css](https://huggingface.co/datasets/zhanghanchong/css) |
| eICU | CC-BY-4.0 | [https://github.com/glee4810/EHRSQL](https://github.com/glee4810/EHRSQL) |
| mimic_iii | CC-BY-4.0 | [https://github.com/glee4810/EHRSQL](https://github.com/glee4810/EHRSQL) |
| geonucleardata | CC-BY-SA-4.0 | [https://github.com/chiahsuan156/KaggleDBQA](https://github.com/chiahsuan156/KaggleDBQA) |
| greatermanchestercrime | CC-BY-SA-4.0 | [https://github.com/chiahsuan156/KaggleDBQA](https://github.com/chiahsuan156/KaggleDBQA) |
| studentmathscore | CC-BY-SA-4.0 | [https://github.com/chiahsuan156/KaggleDBQA](https://github.com/chiahsuan156/KaggleDBQA) |
| thehistoryofbaseball | CC-BY-SA-4.0 | [https://github.com/chiahsuan156/KaggleDBQA](https://github.com/chiahsuan156/KaggleDBQA) |
| uswildfires | CC-BY-SA-4.0 | [https://github.com/chiahsuan156/KaggleDBQA](https://github.com/chiahsuan156/KaggleDBQA) |
| whatcdhiphop | CC-BY-SA-4.0 | [https://github.com/chiahsuan156/KaggleDBQA](https://github.com/chiahsuan156/KaggleDBQA) |
| worldsoccerdatabase | CC-BY-SA-4.0 | [https://github.com/chiahsuan156/KaggleDBQA](https://github.com/chiahsuan156/KaggleDBQA) |
| pesticide | CC-BY-SA-4.0 | [https://github.com/chiahsuan156/KaggleDBQA](https://github.com/chiahsuan156/KaggleDBQA) |
| mimicsql_data | MIT | [https://github.com/wangpinggl/TREQS](https://github.com/wangpinggl/TREQS) |
| nvbench | MIT | [https://github.com/TsinghuaDatabaseGroup/nvBench](https://github.com/TsinghuaDatabaseGroup/nvBench) |
| sede | Apache-2.0 | [https://github.com/hirupert/sede](https://github.com/hirupert/sede) |
| spider | CC-BY-SA-4.0 | [https://huggingface.co/datasets/spider](https://huggingface.co/datasets/spider) |
| sql_create_context | CC-BY-4.0 | [https://huggingface.co/datasets/b-mc2/sql-create-context](https://huggingface.co/datasets/b-mc2/sql-create-context) |
| squall | CC-BY-SA-4.0 | [https://github.com/tzshi/squall](https://github.com/tzshi/squall) |
| wikisql | BSD 3-Clause | [https://github.com/salesforce/WikiSQL](https://github.com/salesforce/WikiSQL) |
# Citing this work
If you use this data in your work, please cite our work _and_ the appropriate original sources:
To cite NSText2SQL, please use:
```TeX
@software{numbersstation2023NSText2SQL,
author = {Numbers Station Labs},
title = {NSText2SQL: An Open Source Text-to-SQL Dataset for Foundation Model Training},
month = {July},
year = {2023},
url = {https://github.com/NumbersStationAI/NSQL},
}
```
To cite dataset used in this work, please use:
| Datasets | Cite |
| ---------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| academic | `\cite{data-advising,data-academic}` |
| advising | `\cite{data-advising}` |
| atis | `\cite{data-advising,data-atis-original,data-atis-geography-scholar}` |
| restaurants | `\cite{data-advising,data-restaurants-logic,data-restaurants-original,data-restaurants}` |
| scholar | `\cite{data-advising,data-atis-geography-scholar}` |
| imdb | `\cite{data-advising,data-imdb-yelp}` |
| yelp | `\cite{data-advising,data-imdb-yelp}` |
| criteria2sql | `\cite{Criteria-to-SQL}` |
| css | `\cite{zhang2023css}` |
| eICU | `\cite{lee2022ehrsql}` |
| mimic_iii | `\cite{lee2022ehrsql}` |
| geonucleardata | `\cite{lee-2021-kaggle-dbqa}` |
| greatermanchestercrime | `\cite{lee-2021-kaggle-dbqa}` |
| studentmathscore | `\cite{lee-2021-kaggle-dbqa}` |
| thehistoryofbaseball | `\cite{lee-2021-kaggle-dbqa}` |
| uswildfires | `\cite{lee-2021-kaggle-dbqa}` |
| whatcdhiphop | `\cite{lee-2021-kaggle-dbqa}` |
| worldsoccerdatabase | `\cite{lee-2021-kaggle-dbqa}` |
| pesticide | `\cite{lee-2021-kaggle-dbqa}` |
| mimicsql_data | `\cite{wang2020text}` |
| nvbench | `\cite{nvBench_SIGMOD21}` |
| sede | `\cite{hazoom2021text}` |
| spider | `\cite{data-spider}` |
| sql_create_context | Not Found |
| squall | `\cite{squall}` |
| wikisql | `\cite{data-wikisql}` |
```TeX
@InProceedings{data-advising,
dataset = {Advising},
author = {Catherine Finegan-Dollak, Jonathan K. Kummerfeld, Li Zhang, Karthik Ramanathan, Sesh Sadasivam, Rui Zhang, and Dragomir Radev},
title = {Improving Text-to-SQL Evaluation Methodology},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)},
month = {July},
year = {2018},
location = {Melbourne, Victoria, Australia},
pages = {351--360},
url = {http://aclweb.org/anthology/P18-1033},
}
@InProceedings{data-imdb-yelp,
dataset = {IMDB and Yelp},
author = {Navid Yaghmazadeh, Yuepeng Wang, Isil Dillig, and Thomas Dillig},
title = {SQLizer: Query Synthesis from Natural Language},
booktitle = {International Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications, ACM},
month = {October},
year = {2017},
pages = {63:1--63:26},
url = {http://doi.org/10.1145/3133887},
}
@article{data-academic,
dataset = {Academic},
author = {Fei Li and H. V. Jagadish},
title = {Constructing an Interactive Natural Language Interface for Relational Databases},
journal = {Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
month = {September},
year = {2014},
pages = {73--84},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/2735461.2735468},
}
@InProceedings{data-atis-geography-scholar,
dataset = {Scholar, and Updated ATIS and Geography},
author = {Srinivasan Iyer, Ioannis Konstas, Alvin Cheung, Jayant Krishnamurthy, and Luke Zettlemoyer},
title = {Learning a Neural Semantic Parser from User Feedback},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)},
year = {2017},
pages = {963--973},
location = {Vancouver, Canada},
url = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P17-1089},
}
@article{data-atis-original,
dataset = {ATIS, original},
author = {Deborah A. Dahl, Madeleine Bates, Michael Brown, William Fisher, Kate Hunicke-Smith, David Pallett, Christine Pao, Alexander Rudnicky, and Elizabeth Shriber},
title = {{Expanding the scope of the ATIS task: The ATIS-3 corpus}},
journal = {Proceedings of the workshop on Human Language Technology},
year = {1994},
pages = {43--48},
url = {http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1075823},
}
@inproceedings{data-restaurants-logic,
author = {Lappoon R. Tang and Raymond J. Mooney},
title = {Automated Construction of Database Interfaces: Intergrating Statistical and Relational Learning for Semantic Parsing},
booktitle = {2000 Joint SIGDAT Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora},
year = {2000},
pages = {133--141},
location = {Hong Kong, China},
url = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W00-1317},
}
@inproceedings{data-restaurants-original,
author = {Ana-Maria Popescu, Oren Etzioni, and Henry Kautz},
title = {Towards a Theory of Natural Language Interfaces to Databases},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces},
year = {2003},
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publisher = {ACM},
year = {2021},
}
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0n1xus/codexglue | 2021-11-18T08:45:46.000Z | [
"region:us"
] | 0n1xus | CodeXGLUE is a benchmark dataset to foster machine learning research for program understanding and generation.
CodeXGLUE includes a collection of 10 tasks across 14 datasets and a platform for model evaluation and comparison. | @article{Lu2021,
author = {Lu, Shuai and Guo, Daya and Ren, Shuo and Huang, Junjie and Svyatkovskiy, Alexey and Blanco, Ambrosio and Clement, Colin B. and Drain, Dawn and Jiang, Daxin and Tang, Duyu and Li, Ge and Zhou, Lidong and Shou, Linjun and Zhou, Long and Tufano, Michele and Gong, Ming and Zhou, Ming and Duan, Nan and Sundaresan, Neel and Deng, Shao Kun and Fu, Shengyu and Liu, Shujie},
year = {2021},
booktitle = {arXiv},
title = {CodeXGLUE - A Machine Learning Benchmark Dataset for Code Understanding and Generation}
} | 3 | 397 | 2022-03-02T23:29:22 | Entry not found | 15 | [
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vivos | 2023-06-14T08:29:21.000Z | [
"task_categories:automatic-speech-recognition",
"annotations_creators:expert-generated",
"language_creators:crowdsourced",
"language_creators:expert-generated",
"multilinguality:monolingual",
"size_categories:10K<n<100K",
"source_datasets:original",
"language:vi",
"license:cc-by-nc-sa-4.0",
"region:us"
] | null | \
VIVOS is a free Vietnamese speech corpus consisting of 15 hours of recording speech prepared for
Vietnamese Automatic Speech Recognition task.
The corpus was prepared by AILAB, a computer science lab of VNUHCM - University of Science, with Prof. Vu Hai Quan is the head of.
We publish this corpus in hope to attract more scientists to solve Vietnamese speech recognition problems. | \
@inproceedings{luong-vu-2016-non,
title = "A non-expert {K}aldi recipe for {V}ietnamese Speech Recognition System",
author = "Luong, Hieu-Thi and
Vu, Hai-Quan",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Worldwide Language Service Infrastructure and Second Workshop on Open Infrastructures and Analysis Frameworks for Human Language Technologies ({WLSI}/{OIAF}4{HLT}2016)",
month = dec,
year = "2016",
address = "Osaka, Japan",
publisher = "The COLING 2016 Organizing Committee",
url = "https://aclanthology.org/W16-5207",
pages = "51--55",
} | 5 | 395 | 2022-03-02T23:29:22 | ---
pretty_name: VIVOS
annotations_creators:
- expert-generated
language_creators:
- crowdsourced
- expert-generated
language:
- vi
license:
- cc-by-nc-sa-4.0
multilinguality:
- monolingual
size_categories:
- 10K<n<100K
source_datasets:
- original
task_categories:
- automatic-speech-recognition
task_ids: []
dataset_info:
features:
- name: speaker_id
dtype: string
- name: path
dtype: string
- name: audio
dtype:
audio:
sampling_rate: 16000
- name: sentence
dtype: string
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 1722002133
num_examples: 11660
- name: test
num_bytes: 86120227
num_examples: 760
download_size: 1475540500
dataset_size: 1808122360
---
# Dataset Card for VIVOS
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Card for VIVOS](#dataset-card-for-vivos)
- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Initial Data Collection and Normalization](#initial-data-collection-and-normalization)
- [Who are the source language producers?](#who-are-the-source-language-producers)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Annotation process](#annotation-process)
- [Who are the annotators?](#who-are-the-annotators)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7068130
- **Repository:** [Needs More Information]
- **Paper:** [A non-expert Kaldi recipe for Vietnamese Speech Recognition System](https://aclanthology.org/W16-5207/)
- **Leaderboard:** [Needs More Information]
- **Point of Contact:** [AILAB](mailto:ailab@hcmus.edu.vn)
### Dataset Summary
VIVOS is a free Vietnamese speech corpus consisting of 15 hours of recording speech prepared for Vietnamese Automatic Speech Recognition task.
The corpus was prepared by AILAB, a computer science lab of VNUHCM - University of Science, with Prof. Vu Hai Quan is the head of.
We publish this corpus in hope to attract more scientists to solve Vietnamese speech recognition problems.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[Needs More Information]
### Languages
Vietnamese
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
A typical data point comprises the path to the audio file, called `path` and its transcription, called `sentence`. Some additional information about the speaker and the passage which contains the transcription is provided.
```
{'speaker_id': 'VIVOSSPK01',
'path': '/home/admin/.cache/huggingface/datasets/downloads/extracted/b7ded9969e09942ab65313e691e6fc2e12066192ee8527e21d634aca128afbe2/vivos/train/waves/VIVOSSPK01/VIVOSSPK01_R001.wav',
'audio': {'path': '/home/admin/.cache/huggingface/datasets/downloads/extracted/b7ded9969e09942ab65313e691e6fc2e12066192ee8527e21d634aca128afbe2/vivos/train/waves/VIVOSSPK01/VIVOSSPK01_R001.wav',
'array': array([-0.00048828, -0.00018311, -0.00137329, ..., 0.00079346, 0.00091553, 0.00085449], dtype=float32),
'sampling_rate': 16000},
'sentence': 'KHÁCH SẠN'}
```
### Data Fields
- speaker_id: An id for which speaker (voice) made the recording
- path: The path to the audio file
- audio: A dictionary containing the path to the downloaded audio file, the decoded audio array, and the sampling rate. Note that when accessing the audio column: `dataset[0]["audio"]` the audio file is automatically decoded and resampled to `dataset.features["audio"].sampling_rate`. Decoding and resampling of a large number of audio files might take a significant amount of time. Thus it is important to first query the sample index before the `"audio"` column, *i.e.* `dataset[0]["audio"]` should **always** be preferred over `dataset["audio"][0]`.
- sentence: The sentence the user was prompted to speak
### Data Splits
The speech material has been subdivided into portions for train and test.
Speech was recorded in a quiet environment with high quality microphone, speakers were asked to read one sentence at a time.
| | Train | Test |
| ---------------- | ----- | ----- |
| Speakers | 46 | 19 |
| Utterances | 11660 | 760 |
| Duration | 14:55 | 00:45 |
| Unique Syllables | 4617 | 1692 |
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[Needs More Information]
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[Needs More Information]
#### Who are the source language producers?
[Needs More Information]
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[Needs More Information]
#### Who are the annotators?
[Needs More Information]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
The dataset consists of people who have donated their voice online. You agree to not attempt to determine the identity of speakers in this dataset.
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
Dataset provided for research purposes only. Please check dataset license for additional information.
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
The dataset was initially prepared by AILAB, a computer science lab of VNUHCM - University of Science.
### Licensing Information
Public Domain, Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial ShareAlike v4.0 ([CC BY-NC-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode))
### Citation Information
```
@inproceedings{luong-vu-2016-non,
title = "A non-expert {K}aldi recipe for {V}ietnamese Speech Recognition System",
author = "Luong, Hieu-Thi and
Vu, Hai-Quan",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Worldwide Language Service Infrastructure and Second Workshop on Open Infrastructures and Analysis Frameworks for Human Language Technologies ({WLSI}/{OIAF}4{HLT}2016)",
month = dec,
year = "2016",
address = "Osaka, Japan",
publisher = "The COLING 2016 Organizing Committee",
url = "https://aclanthology.org/W16-5207",
pages = "51--55",
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@binh234](https://github.com/binh234) for adding this dataset. | 6,995 | [
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] |
AISE-TUDelft/ML4SE23_G8_CodeSearchNet-Python | 2023-10-18T10:20:26.000Z | [
"license:c-uda",
"region:us"
] | AISE-TUDelft | null | null | 0 | 395 | 2023-10-16T15:27:53 | ---
configs:
- config_name: default
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/train-*
- split: validation
path: data/validation-*
- split: test
path: data/test-*
dataset_info:
features:
- name: id
dtype: int32
- name: repo
dtype: string
- name: path
dtype: string
- name: func_name
dtype: string
- name: original_string
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: code
dtype: string
- name: code_tokens
sequence: string
- name: docstring
dtype: string
- name: docstring_tokens
sequence: string
- name: sha
dtype: string
- name: url
dtype: string
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 752373428
num_examples: 251820
- name: validation
num_bytes: 43293612
num_examples: 13914
- name: test
num_bytes: 46733051
num_examples: 14918
download_size: 297684501
dataset_size: 842400091
license: c-uda
---
# Dataset Card for "codexglue_codesearchnet_python"
[More Information needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards) | 1,109 | [
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bible_para | 2022-11-03T16:31:57.000Z | [
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"language:eo",
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"language:eu",
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"language:gd",
"language:gu",
"language:gv",
"language:he",
"language:hi",
"language:hr",
"language:hu",
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"language:id",
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"language:it",
"language:ja",
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"language:kab",
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"language:la",
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"language:mam",
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"language:mr",
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] | null | This is a multilingual parallel corpus created from translations of the Bible compiled by Christos Christodoulopoulos and Mark Steedman.
102 languages, 5,148 bitexts
total number of files: 107
total number of tokens: 56.43M
total number of sentence fragments: 2.84M | OPUS and A massively parallel corpus: the Bible in 100 languages, Christos Christodoulopoulos and Mark Steedman, *Language Resources and Evaluation*, 49 (2) | 9 | 394 | 2022-03-02T23:29:22 | ---
annotations_creators:
- found
language_creators:
- found
language:
- acu
- af
- agr
- ake
- am
- amu
- ar
- bg
- bsn
- cak
- ceb
- ch
- chq
- chr
- cjp
- cni
- cop
- crp
- cs
- da
- de
- dik
- dje
- djk
- dop
- ee
- el
- en
- eo
- es
- et
- eu
- fi
- fr
- gbi
- gd
- gu
- gv
- he
- hi
- hr
- hu
- hy
- id
- is
- it
- ja
- jak
- jiv
- kab
- kbh
- kek
- kn
- ko
- la
- lt
- lv
- mam
- mi
- ml
- mr
- my
- ne
- nhg
- nl
- 'no'
- ojb
- pck
- pes
- pl
- plt
- pot
- ppk
- pt
- quc
- quw
- ro
- rom
- ru
- shi
- sk
- sl
- sn
- so
- sq
- sr
- ss
- sv
- syr
- te
- th
- tl
- tmh
- tr
- uk
- usp
- vi
- wal
- wo
- xh
- zh
- zu
license:
- cc0-1.0
multilinguality:
- multilingual
size_categories:
- 10K<n<100K
source_datasets:
- original
task_categories:
- translation
task_ids: []
paperswithcode_id: null
pretty_name: BiblePara
dataset_info:
- config_name: de-en
features:
- name: id
dtype: string
- name: translation
dtype:
translation:
languages:
- de
- en
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 17262178
num_examples: 62195
download_size: 5440713
dataset_size: 17262178
- config_name: en-fr
features:
- name: id
dtype: string
- name: translation
dtype:
translation:
languages:
- en
- fr
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 17536445
num_examples: 62195
download_size: 5470044
dataset_size: 17536445
- config_name: en-es
features:
- name: id
dtype: string
- name: translation
dtype:
translation:
languages:
- en
- es
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 17105724
num_examples: 62191
download_size: 5418998
dataset_size: 17105724
- config_name: en-fi
features:
- name: id
dtype: string
- name: translation
dtype:
translation:
languages:
- en
- fi
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 17486055
num_examples: 62026
download_size: 5506407
dataset_size: 17486055
- config_name: en-no
features:
- name: id
dtype: string
- name: translation
dtype:
translation:
languages:
- en
- 'no'
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 16681323
num_examples: 62107
download_size: 5293164
dataset_size: 16681323
- config_name: en-hi
features:
- name: id
dtype: string
- name: translation
dtype:
translation:
languages:
- en
- hi
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 27849361
num_examples: 62073
download_size: 6224765
dataset_size: 27849361
---
# Dataset Card for BiblePara
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** http://opus.nlpl.eu/bible-uedin.php
- **Repository:** None
- **Paper:** https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10579-014-9287-y
- **Leaderboard:** [More Information Needed]
- **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed]
### Dataset Summary
To load a language pair which isn't part of the config, all you need to do is specify the language code as pairs.
You can find the valid pairs in Homepage section of Dataset Description: http://opus.nlpl.eu/bible-uedin.php
E.g.
`dataset = load_dataset("bible_para", lang1="fi", lang2="hi")`
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed]
### Languages
[More Information Needed]
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
Here are some examples of questions and facts:
### Data Fields
[More Information Needed]
### Data Splits
[More Information Needed]
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed]
### Source Data
[More Information Needed]
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed]
### Annotations
[More Information Needed]
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed]
### Licensing Information
[More Information Needed]
### Citation Information
[More Information Needed]
### Contributions
Thanks to [@abhishekkrthakur](https://github.com/abhishekkrthakur) for adding this dataset. | 5,484 | [
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GEM/dart | 2022-10-24T15:30:16.000Z | [
"task_categories:table-to-text",
"annotations_creators:none",
"language_creators:unknown",
"multilinguality:unknown",
"size_categories:unknown",
"source_datasets:original",
"language:en",
"license:mit",
"data-to-text",
"arxiv:1910.13461",
"arxiv:1908.09022",
"arxiv:2007.02871",
"arxiv:1709.00103",
"arxiv:1706.09254",
"arxiv:1810.01170",
"region:us"
] | GEM | DART is a large and open-domain structured DAta Record to Text generation corpus
with high-quality sentence annotations with each input being a set of
entity-relation triples following a tree-structured ontology. It consists of
82191 examples across different domains with each input being a semantic RDF
triple set derived from data records in tables and the tree ontology of table
schema, annotated with sentence description that covers all facts in the triple set. | @inproceedings{nan-etal-2021-dart,
title = "{DART}: Open-Domain Structured Data Record to Text Generation",
author = "Nan, Linyong and
Radev, Dragomir and
Zhang, Rui and
Rau, Amrit and
Sivaprasad, Abhinand and
Hsieh, Chiachun and
Tang, Xiangru and
Vyas, Aadit and
Verma, Neha and
Krishna, Pranav and
Liu, Yangxiaokang and
Irwanto, Nadia and
Pan, Jessica and
Rahman, Faiaz and
Zaidi, Ahmad and
Mutuma, Mutethia and
Tarabar, Yasin and
Gupta, Ankit and
Yu, Tao and
Tan, Yi Chern and
Lin, Xi Victoria and
Xiong, Caiming and
Socher, Richard and
Rajani, Nazneen Fatema",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2021 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
month = jun,
year = "2021",
address = "Online",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://aclanthology.org/2021.naacl-main.37",
doi = "10.18653/v1/2021.naacl-main.37",
pages = "432--447",
abstract = "We present DART, an open domain structured DAta Record to Text generation dataset with over 82k instances (DARTs). Data-to-text annotations can be a costly process, especially when dealing with tables which are the major source of structured data and contain nontrivial structures. To this end, we propose a procedure of extracting semantic triples from tables that encodes their structures by exploiting the semantic dependencies among table headers and the table title. Our dataset construction framework effectively merged heterogeneous sources from open domain semantic parsing and spoken dialogue systems by utilizing techniques including tree ontology annotation, question-answer pair to declarative sentence conversion, and predicate unification, all with minimum post-editing. We present systematic evaluation on DART as well as new state-of-the-art results on WebNLG 2017 to show that DART (1) poses new challenges to existing data-to-text datasets and (2) facilitates out-of-domain generalization. Our data and code can be found at https://github.com/Yale-LILY/dart.",
} | 0 | 394 | 2022-03-02T23:29:22 | ---
annotations_creators:
- none
language_creators:
- unknown
language:
- en
license:
- mit
multilinguality:
- unknown
size_categories:
- unknown
source_datasets:
- original
task_categories:
- table-to-text
task_ids: []
pretty_name: dart
tags:
- data-to-text
---
# Dataset Card for GEM/dart
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** n/a
- **Repository:** https://github.com/Yale-LILY/dart
- **Paper:** https://aclanthology.org/2021.naacl-main.37/
- **Leaderboard:** https://github.com/Yale-LILY/dart#leaderboard
- **Point of Contact:** Dragomir Radev, Rui Zhang, Nazneen Rajani
### Link to Main Data Card
You can find the main data card on the [GEM Website](https://gem-benchmark.com/data_cards/dart).
### Dataset Summary
DART is an English dataset aggregating multiple other data-to-text dataset in a common triple-based format. The new format is completely flat, thus not requiring a model to learn hierarchical structures, while still retaining the full information.
You can load the dataset via:
```
import datasets
data = datasets.load_dataset('GEM/dart')
```
The data loader can be found [here](https://huggingface.co/datasets/GEM/dart).
#### website
n/a
#### paper
[ACL Anthology](https://aclanthology.org/2021.naacl-main.37/)
#### authors
Linyong Nan, Dragomir Radev, Rui Zhang, Amrit Rau, Abhinand Sivaprasad, Chiachun Hsieh, Xiangru Tang, Aadit Vyas, Neha Verma, Pranav Krishna, Yangxiaokang Liu, Nadia Irwanto, Jessica Pan, Faiaz Rahman, Ahmad Zaidi, Mutethia Mutuma, Yasin Tarabar, Ankit Gupta, Tao Yu, Yi Chern Tan, Xi Victoria Lin, Caiming Xiong, Richard Socher, Nazneen Fatema Rajani
## Dataset Overview
### Where to find the Data and its Documentation
#### Download
<!-- info: What is the link to where the original dataset is hosted? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
[Github](https://github.com/Yale-LILY/dart)
#### Paper
<!-- info: What is the link to the paper describing the dataset (open access preferred)? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
[ACL Anthology](https://aclanthology.org/2021.naacl-main.37/)
#### BibTex
<!-- info: Provide the BibTex-formatted reference for the dataset. Please use the correct published version (ACL anthology, etc.) instead of google scholar created Bibtex. -->
<!-- scope: microscope -->
```
@inproceedings{nan-etal-2021-dart,
title = "{DART}: Open-Domain Structured Data Record to Text Generation",
author = "Nan, Linyong and
Radev, Dragomir and
Zhang, Rui and
Rau, Amrit and
Sivaprasad, Abhinand and
Hsieh, Chiachun and
Tang, Xiangru and
Vyas, Aadit and
Verma, Neha and
Krishna, Pranav and
Liu, Yangxiaokang and
Irwanto, Nadia and
Pan, Jessica and
Rahman, Faiaz and
Zaidi, Ahmad and
Mutuma, Mutethia and
Tarabar, Yasin and
Gupta, Ankit and
Yu, Tao and
Tan, Yi Chern and
Lin, Xi Victoria and
Xiong, Caiming and
Socher, Richard and
Rajani, Nazneen Fatema",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2021 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
month = jun,
year = "2021",
address = "Online",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://aclanthology.org/2021.naacl-main.37",
doi = "10.18653/v1/2021.naacl-main.37",
pages = "432--447",
abstract = "We present DART, an open domain structured DAta Record to Text generation dataset with over 82k instances (DARTs). Data-to-text annotations can be a costly process, especially when dealing with tables which are the major source of structured data and contain nontrivial structures. To this end, we propose a procedure of extracting semantic triples from tables that encodes their structures by exploiting the semantic dependencies among table headers and the table title. Our dataset construction framework effectively merged heterogeneous sources from open domain semantic parsing and spoken dialogue systems by utilizing techniques including tree ontology annotation, question-answer pair to declarative sentence conversion, and predicate unification, all with minimum post-editing. We present systematic evaluation on DART as well as new state-of-the-art results on WebNLG 2017 to show that DART (1) poses new challenges to existing data-to-text datasets and (2) facilitates out-of-domain generalization. Our data and code can be found at https://github.com/Yale-LILY/dart.",
}
```
#### Contact Name
<!-- quick -->
<!-- info: If known, provide the name of at least one person the reader can contact for questions about the dataset. -->
<!-- scope: periscope -->
Dragomir Radev, Rui Zhang, Nazneen Rajani
#### Contact Email
<!-- info: If known, provide the email of at least one person the reader can contact for questions about the dataset. -->
<!-- scope: periscope -->
{dragomir.radev, r.zhang}@yale.edu, {nazneen.rajani}@salesforce.com
#### Has a Leaderboard?
<!-- info: Does the dataset have an active leaderboard? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
yes
#### Leaderboard Link
<!-- info: Provide a link to the leaderboard. -->
<!-- scope: periscope -->
[Leaderboard](https://github.com/Yale-LILY/dart#leaderboard)
#### Leaderboard Details
<!-- info: Briefly describe how the leaderboard evaluates models. -->
<!-- scope: microscope -->
Several state-of-the-art table-to-text models were evaluated on DART, such as BART ([Lewis et al., 2020](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1910.13461.pdf)), Seq2Seq-Att ([MELBOURNE](https://webnlg-challenge.loria.fr/files/melbourne_report.pdf)) and End-to-End Transformer ([Castro Ferreira et al., 2019](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1908.09022.pdf)).
The leaderboard reports BLEU, METEOR, TER, MoverScore, BERTScore and BLEURT scores.
### Languages and Intended Use
#### Multilingual?
<!-- quick -->
<!-- info: Is the dataset multilingual? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
no
#### Covered Dialects
<!-- info: What dialects are covered? Are there multiple dialects per language? -->
<!-- scope: periscope -->
It is an aggregated from multiple other datasets that use general US-American or British English without differentiation between dialects.
#### Covered Languages
<!-- quick -->
<!-- info: What languages/dialects are covered in the dataset? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
`English`
#### Whose Language?
<!-- info: Whose language is in the dataset? -->
<!-- scope: periscope -->
The dataset is aggregated from multiple others that were crowdsourced on different platforms.
#### License
<!-- quick -->
<!-- info: What is the license of the dataset? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
mit: MIT License
#### Intended Use
<!-- info: What is the intended use of the dataset? -->
<!-- scope: microscope -->
The dataset is aimed to further research in natural language generation from semantic data.
#### Primary Task
<!-- info: What primary task does the dataset support? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
Data-to-Text
#### Communicative Goal
<!-- quick -->
<!-- info: Provide a short description of the communicative goal of a model trained for this task on this dataset. -->
<!-- scope: periscope -->
The speaker is required to produce coherent sentences and construct a trees structured ontology of the column headers.
### Credit
#### Curation Organization Type(s)
<!-- info: In what kind of organization did the dataset curation happen? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
`academic`, `industry`
#### Curation Organization(s)
<!-- info: Name the organization(s). -->
<!-- scope: periscope -->
Yale University, Salesforce Research, Penn State University, The University of Hong Kong, MIT
#### Dataset Creators
<!-- info: Who created the original dataset? List the people involved in collecting the dataset and their affiliation(s). -->
<!-- scope: microscope -->
Linyong Nan, Dragomir Radev, Rui Zhang, Amrit Rau, Abhinand Sivaprasad, Chiachun Hsieh, Xiangru Tang, Aadit Vyas, Neha Verma, Pranav Krishna, Yangxiaokang Liu, Nadia Irwanto, Jessica Pan, Faiaz Rahman, Ahmad Zaidi, Mutethia Mutuma, Yasin Tarabar, Ankit Gupta, Tao Yu, Yi Chern Tan, Xi Victoria Lin, Caiming Xiong, Richard Socher, Nazneen Fatema Rajani
#### Who added the Dataset to GEM?
<!-- info: Who contributed to the data card and adding the dataset to GEM? List the people+affiliations involved in creating this data card and who helped integrate this dataset into GEM. -->
<!-- scope: microscope -->
Miruna Clinciu contributed the original data card and Yacine Jernite wrote the initial data loader. Sebastian Gehrmann migrated the data card and the loader to the new format.
### Dataset Structure
#### Data Fields
<!-- info: List and describe the fields present in the dataset. -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
-`tripleset`: a list of tuples, each tuple has 3 items
-`subtree_was_extended`: a boolean variable (true or false)
-`annotations`: a list of dict, each with source and text keys.
-`source`: a string mentioning the name of the source table.
-`text`: a sentence string.
#### Reason for Structure
<!-- info: How was the dataset structure determined? -->
<!-- scope: microscope -->
The structure is supposed to be able more complex structures beyond "flat" attribute-value pairs, instead encoding hierarchical relationships.
#### How were labels chosen?
<!-- info: How were the labels chosen? -->
<!-- scope: microscope -->
They are a combination of those from existing datasets and new annotations that take advantage of the hierarchical structure
#### Example Instance
<!-- info: Provide a JSON formatted example of a typical instance in the dataset. -->
<!-- scope: periscope -->
```
{
"tripleset": [
[
"Ben Mauk",
"High school",
"Kenton"
],
[
"Ben Mauk",
"College",
"Wake Forest Cincinnati"
]
],
"subtree_was_extended": false,
"annotations": [
{
"source": "WikiTableQuestions_lily",
"text": "Ben Mauk, who attended Kenton High School, attended Wake Forest Cincinnati for college."
}
]
}
```
#### Data Splits
<!-- info: Describe and name the splits in the dataset if there are more than one. -->
<!-- scope: periscope -->
|Input Unit | Examples | Vocab Size | Words per SR | Sents per SR | Tables |
| ------------- | ------------- || ------------- || ------------- || ------------- || ------------- |
|Triple Set | 82,191 | 33.2K | 21.6 | 1.5 | 5,623 |
| Train | Dev | Test|
| ------------- | ------------- || ------------- |
| 62,659 | 6,980 | 12,552|
Statistics of DART decomposed by different collection methods. DART exhibits a great deal of topical variety in terms of the number of unique predicates, the number of unique triples, and the vocabulary size. These statistics are computed from DART v1.1.1; the number of unique predicates reported is post-unification (see Section 3.4). SR: Surface Realization.
([details in Table 1 and 2](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.02871.pdf)).
#### Splitting Criteria
<!-- info: Describe any criteria for splitting the data, if used. If there are differences between the splits (e.g., if the training annotations are machine-generated and the dev and test ones are created by humans, or if different numbers of annotators contributed to each example), describe them here. -->
<!-- scope: microscope -->
For WebNLG 2017 and Cleaned E2E, DART use the original data splits. For the new annotation on WikiTableQuestions and WikiSQL, random splitting will make train, dev, and test splits contain similar tables and similar <triple-set, sentence> examples. They are thus split based on Jaccard similarity such that no training examples has a similarity with a test example of over 0.5
## Dataset in GEM
### Rationale for Inclusion in GEM
#### Why is the Dataset in GEM?
<!-- info: What does this dataset contribute toward better generation evaluation and why is it part of GEM? -->
<!-- scope: microscope -->
DART is a large and open-domain structured DAta Record to Text generation corpus with high-quality sentence annotations with each input being a set of entity-relation triples following a tree-structured ontology.
#### Similar Datasets
<!-- info: Do other datasets for the high level task exist? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
yes
#### Unique Language Coverage
<!-- info: Does this dataset cover other languages than other datasets for the same task? -->
<!-- scope: periscope -->
no
#### Difference from other GEM datasets
<!-- info: What else sets this dataset apart from other similar datasets in GEM? -->
<!-- scope: microscope -->
The tree structure is unique among GEM datasets
#### Ability that the Dataset measures
<!-- info: What aspect of model ability can be measured with this dataset? -->
<!-- scope: periscope -->
Reasoning, surface realization
### GEM-Specific Curation
#### Modificatied for GEM?
<!-- info: Has the GEM version of the dataset been modified in any way (data, processing, splits) from the original curated data? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
no
#### Additional Splits?
<!-- info: Does GEM provide additional splits to the dataset? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
no
### Getting Started with the Task
#### Pointers to Resources
<!-- info: Getting started with in-depth research on the task. Add relevant pointers to resources that researchers can consult when they want to get started digging deeper into the task. -->
<!-- scope: microscope -->
Experimental results on DART shows that BART model as the highest performance among three models with a BLEU score of 37.06. This is attributed to BART’s generalization ability due to pretraining ([Table 4](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.02871.pdf)).
## Previous Results
### Previous Results
#### Measured Model Abilities
<!-- info: What aspect of model ability can be measured with this dataset? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
Reasoning, surface realization
#### Metrics
<!-- info: What metrics are typically used for this task? -->
<!-- scope: periscope -->
`BLEU`, `MoverScore`, `BERT-Score`, `BLEURT`
#### Proposed Evaluation
<!-- info: List and describe the purpose of the metrics and evaluation methodology (including human evaluation) that the dataset creators used when introducing this task. -->
<!-- scope: microscope -->
The leaderboard uses the combination of BLEU, METEOR, TER, MoverScore, BERTScore, PARENT and BLEURT to overcome the limitations of the n-gram overlap metrics.
A small scale human annotation of 100 data points was conducted along the dimensions of (1) fluency - a sentence is natural and grammatical, and (2) semantic faithfulness - a sentence is supported by the input triples.
#### Previous results available?
<!-- info: Are previous results available? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
yes
#### Other Evaluation Approaches
<!-- info: What evaluation approaches have others used? -->
<!-- scope: periscope -->
n/a
#### Relevant Previous Results
<!-- info: What are the most relevant previous results for this task/dataset? -->
<!-- scope: microscope -->
BART currently achieves the best performance according to the leaderboard.
## Dataset Curation
### Original Curation
#### Original Curation Rationale
<!-- info: Original curation rationale -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
The dataset creators encourage through DART further research in natural language generation from semantic data. DART provides high-quality sentence annotations with each input being a set of entity-relation triples in a tree structure.
#### Communicative Goal
<!-- info: What was the communicative goal? -->
<!-- scope: periscope -->
The speaker is required to produce coherent sentences and construct a trees structured ontology of the column headers.
#### Sourced from Different Sources
<!-- info: Is the dataset aggregated from different data sources? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
yes
#### Source Details
<!-- info: List the sources (one per line) -->
<!-- scope: periscope -->
- human annotation on open-domain Wikipedia tables from WikiTableQuestions ([Pasupat and Liang,
2015](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1142.pdf)) and WikiSQL ([Zhong et al., 2017](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1709.00103.pdf))
- automatic conversion of questions in WikiSQL to declarative sentences
- incorporation of existing datasets including WebNLG 2017 (Gardent et al., 2017[a](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P17-1017.pdf),[b](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W17-3518.pdf); [Shimorina and Gardent, 2018](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W18-6543.pdf)) and Cleaned E2E ([Novikova et al., 2017b](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1706.09254.pdf); Dušek et al., [2018](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1810.01170.pdf), [2019](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W19-8652.pdf))
### Language Data
#### How was Language Data Obtained?
<!-- info: How was the language data obtained? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
`Found`, `Created for the dataset`
#### Where was it found?
<!-- info: If found, where from? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
`Offline media collection`
#### Creation Process
<!-- info: If created for the dataset, describe the creation process. -->
<!-- scope: microscope -->
Creators proposed a two-stage annotation process for constructing triple set sentence pairs based on a tree-structured ontology of each table. First, internal skilled annotators denote the parent column for each column header. Then, a larger number of annotators provide a sentential description of an automatically-chosen subset of table cells in a row. To form a triple set sentence pair, the highlighted cells can be converted to a connected triple set automatically according to the column ontology for the given table.
#### Language Producers
<!-- info: What further information do we have on the language producers? -->
<!-- scope: microscope -->
No further information about the MTurk workers has been provided.
#### Topics Covered
<!-- info: Does the language in the dataset focus on specific topics? How would you describe them? -->
<!-- scope: periscope -->
The sub-datasets are from Wikipedia, DBPedia, and artificially created restaurant data.
#### Data Validation
<!-- info: Was the text validated by a different worker or a data curator? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
validated by crowdworker
#### Was Data Filtered?
<!-- info: Were text instances selected or filtered? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
not filtered
### Structured Annotations
#### Additional Annotations?
<!-- quick -->
<!-- info: Does the dataset have additional annotations for each instance? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
none
#### Annotation Service?
<!-- info: Was an annotation service used? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
no
### Consent
#### Any Consent Policy?
<!-- info: Was there a consent policy involved when gathering the data? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
no
#### Justification for Using the Data
<!-- info: If not, what is the justification for reusing the data? -->
<!-- scope: microscope -->
The new annotations are based on Wikipedia which is in the public domain and the other two datasets permit reuse (with attribution)
### Private Identifying Information (PII)
#### Contains PII?
<!-- quick -->
<!-- info: Does the source language data likely contain Personal Identifying Information about the data creators or subjects? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
no PII
#### Justification for no PII
<!-- info: Provide a justification for selecting `no PII` above. -->
<!-- scope: periscope -->
None of the datasets talk about individuals
### Maintenance
#### Any Maintenance Plan?
<!-- info: Does the original dataset have a maintenance plan? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
no
## Broader Social Context
### Previous Work on the Social Impact of the Dataset
#### Usage of Models based on the Data
<!-- info: Are you aware of cases where models trained on the task featured in this dataset ore related tasks have been used in automated systems? -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
no
### Impact on Under-Served Communities
#### Addresses needs of underserved Communities?
<!-- info: Does this dataset address the needs of communities that are traditionally underserved in language technology, and particularly language generation technology? Communities may be underserved for exemple because their language, language variety, or social or geographical context is underepresented in NLP and NLG resources (datasets and models). -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
no
### Discussion of Biases
#### Any Documented Social Biases?
<!-- info: Are there documented social biases in the dataset? Biases in this context are variations in the ways members of different social categories are represented that can have harmful downstream consequences for members of the more disadvantaged group. -->
<!-- scope: telescope -->
no
#### Are the Language Producers Representative of the Language?
<!-- info: Does the distribution of language producers in the dataset accurately represent the full distribution of speakers of the language world-wide? If not, how does it differ? -->
<!-- scope: periscope -->
No, the annotators are raters on crowdworking platforms and thus only represent their demographics.
## Considerations for Using the Data
### PII Risks and Liability
### Licenses
#### Copyright Restrictions on the Dataset
<!-- info: Based on your answers in the Intended Use part of the Data Overview Section, which of the following best describe the copyright and licensing status of the dataset? -->
<!-- scope: periscope -->
`open license - commercial use allowed`
#### Copyright Restrictions on the Language Data
<!-- info: Based on your answers in the Language part of the Data Curation Section, which of the following best describe the copyright and licensing status of the underlying language data? -->
<!-- scope: periscope -->
`open license - commercial use allowed`
### Known Technical Limitations
#### Technical Limitations
<!-- info: Describe any known technical limitations, such as spurrious correlations, train/test overlap, annotation biases, or mis-annotations, and cite the works that first identified these limitations when possible. -->
<!-- scope: microscope -->
The dataset may contain some social biases, as the input sentences are based on Wikipedia (WikiTableQuestions, WikiSQL, WebNLG). Studies have shown that the English Wikipedia contains gender biases([Dinan et al., 2020](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.emnlp-main.23.pdf)), racial biases([Papakyriakopoulos et al., 2020 (https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3351095.3372843)) and geographical bias([Livingstone et al., 2010](https://doi.org/10.5204/mcj.315)). [More info](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_bias_on_Wikipedia#cite_note-23).
#### Unsuited Applications
<!-- info: When using a model trained on this dataset in a setting where users or the public may interact with its predictions, what are some pitfalls to look out for? In particular, describe some applications of the general task featured in this dataset that its curation or properties make it less suitable for. -->
<!-- scope: microscope -->
The end-to-end transformer has the lowest performance since the transformer model needs intermediate pipeline planning steps to have higher performance. Similar findings can be found in [Castro Ferreira et al., 2019](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1908.09022.pdf).
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kd_conv | 2023-03-28T14:17:47.000Z | [
"task_categories:text-generation",
"task_categories:fill-mask",
"task_ids:dialogue-modeling",
"annotations_creators:crowdsourced",
"annotations_creators:machine-generated",
"language_creators:crowdsourced",
"multilinguality:monolingual",
"size_categories:1K<n<10K",
"source_datasets:original",
"language:zh",
"license:apache-2.0",
"region:us"
] | null | KdConv is a Chinese multi-domain Knowledge-driven Conversionsation dataset, grounding the topics in multi-turn conversations to knowledge graphs. KdConv contains 4.5K conversations from three domains (film, music, and travel), and 86K utterances with an average turn number of 19.0. These conversations contain in-depth discussions on related topics and natural transition between multiple topics, while the corpus can also used for exploration of transfer learning and domain adaptation.\ | @inproceedings{zhou-etal-2020-kdconv,
title = "{K}d{C}onv: A {C}hinese Multi-domain Dialogue Dataset Towards Multi-turn Knowledge-driven Conversation",
author = "Zhou, Hao and
Zheng, Chujie and
Huang, Kaili and
Huang, Minlie and
Zhu, Xiaoyan",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
month = jul,
year = "2020",
address = "Online",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.acl-main.635",
doi = "10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.635",
pages = "7098--7108",
} | 9 | 393 | 2022-03-02T23:29:22 | ---
annotations_creators:
- crowdsourced
- machine-generated
language_creators:
- crowdsourced
language:
- zh
license:
- apache-2.0
multilinguality:
- monolingual
size_categories:
- 1K<n<10K
source_datasets:
- original
task_categories:
- text-generation
- fill-mask
task_ids:
- dialogue-modeling
paperswithcode_id: kdconv
pretty_name: Knowledge-driven Conversation
dataset_info:
- config_name: travel_dialogues
features:
- name: messages
sequence:
- name: message
dtype: string
- name: attrs
sequence:
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dtype: string
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- name: test
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- name: validation
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num_examples: 150
download_size: 11037768
dataset_size: 4652610
- config_name: travel_knowledge_base
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download_size: 11037768
dataset_size: 17998529
---
# Dataset Card for KdConv
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Repository:** [Github](https://github.com/thu-coai/KdConv)
- **Paper:** [{K}d{C}onv: A {C}hinese Multi-domain Dialogue Dataset Towards Multi-turn Knowledge-driven Conversation](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.acl-main.635.pdf)
### Dataset Summary
KdConv is a Chinese multi-domain Knowledge-driven Conversionsation dataset, grounding the topics in multi-turn
conversations to knowledge graphs. KdConv contains 4.5K conversations from three domains (film, music, and travel),
and 86K utterances with an average turn number of 19.0. These conversations contain in-depth discussions on related
topics and natural transition between multiple topics, while the corpus can also used for exploration of transfer
learning and domain adaptation.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
This dataset can be leveraged for dialogue modelling tasks involving multi-turn and Knowledge base setup.
### Languages
This dataset has only Chinese Language.
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
Each data instance is a multi-turn conversation between 2 people with annotated knowledge base data used while talking
, e.g.:
```
{
"messages": [
{
"message": "对《我喜欢上你时的内心活动》这首歌有了解吗？"
},
{
"attrs": [
{
"attrname": "Information",
"attrvalue": "《我喜欢上你时的内心活动》是由韩寒填词，陈光荣作曲，陈绮贞演唱的歌曲，作为电影《喜欢你》的主题曲于2017年4月10日首发。2018年，该曲先后提名第37届香港电影金像奖最佳原创电影歌曲奖、第7届阿比鹿音乐奖流行单曲奖。",
"name": "我喜欢上你时的内心活动"
}
],
"message": "有些了解，是电影《喜欢你》的主题曲。"
},
...
{
"attrs": [
{
"attrname": "代表作品",
"attrvalue": "旅行的意义",
"name": "陈绮贞"
},
{
"attrname": "代表作品",
"attrvalue": "时间的歌",
"name": "陈绮贞"
}
],
"message": "我还知道《旅行的意义》与《时间的歌》，都算是她的代表作。"
},
{
"message": "好，有时间我找出来听听。"
}
],
"name": "我喜欢上你时的内心活动"
}
```
The corresponding entries in Knowledge base is a dictionary with list of knowledge base triplets (head entity
, relationship, tail entity), e.g.:
```
"忽然之间": [
[
"忽然之间",
"Information",
"《忽然之间》是歌手 莫文蔚演唱的歌曲，由 周耀辉， 李卓雄填词， 林健华谱曲，收录在莫文蔚1999年发行专辑《 就是莫文蔚》里。"
],
[
"忽然之间",
"谱曲",
"林健华"
]
...
]
```
### Data Fields
Conversation data fields:
- `name`: the starting topic (entity) of the conversation
- `domain`: the domain this sample belongs to. Categorical value among `{travel, film, music}`
- `messages`: list of all the turns in the dialogue. For each turn:
- `message`: the utterance
- `attrs`: list of knowledge graph triplets referred by the utterance. For each triplet:
- `name`: the head entity
- `attrname`: the relation
- `attrvalue`: the tail entity
Knowledge Base data fields:
- `head_entity`: the head entity
- `kb_triplets`: list of corresponding triplets
- `domain`: the domain this sample belongs to. Categorical value among `{travel, film, music}`
### Data Splits
The conversation dataset is split into a `train`, `validation`, and `test` split with the following sizes:
| | train | validation | test |
|--------|------:|-----------:|-----:|
| travel | 1200 | 1200 | 1200 |
| film | 1200 | 150 | 150 |
| music | 1200 | 150 | 150 |
| all | 3600 | 450 | 450 |
The Knowledge base dataset is having only train split with following sizes:
| | train |
|--------|------:|
| travel | 1154 |
| film | 8090 |
| music | 4441 |
| all | 13685 |
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed]
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed]
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed]
### Licensing Information
Apache License 2.0
### Citation Information
```
@inproceedings{zhou-etal-2020-kdconv,
title = "{K}d{C}onv: A {C}hinese Multi-domain Dialogue Dataset Towards Multi-turn Knowledge-driven Conversation",
author = "Zhou, Hao and
Zheng, Chujie and
Huang, Kaili and
Huang, Minlie and
Zhu, Xiaoyan",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
month = jul,
year = "2020",
address = "Online",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.acl-main.635",
doi = "10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.635",
pages = "7098--7108",
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@pacman100](https://github.com/pacman100) for adding this dataset. | 10,094 | [
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covid_qa_deepset | 2022-11-03T16:31:16.000Z | [
"task_categories:question-answering",
"task_ids:closed-domain-qa",
"task_ids:extractive-qa",
"annotations_creators:expert-generated",
"language_creators:found",
"multilinguality:monolingual",
"size_categories:1K<n<10K",
"source_datasets:original",
"language:en",
"license:apache-2.0",
"region:us"
] | null | COVID-QA is a Question Answering dataset consisting of 2,019 question/answer pairs annotated by volunteer biomedical experts on scientific articles related to COVID-19. | @inproceedings{moller2020covid,
title={COVID-QA: A Question Answering Dataset for COVID-19},
author={M{\"o}ller, Timo and Reina, Anthony and Jayakumar, Raghavan and Pietsch, Malte},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on NLP for COVID-19 at ACL 2020},
year={2020}
} | 1 | 392 | 2022-03-02T23:29:22 | ---
annotations_creators:
- expert-generated
language_creators:
- found
language:
- en
license:
- apache-2.0
multilinguality:
- monolingual
size_categories:
- 1K<n<10K
source_datasets:
- original
task_categories:
- question-answering
task_ids:
- closed-domain-qa
- extractive-qa
paperswithcode_id: null
pretty_name: COVID-QA
dataset_info:
features:
- name: document_id
dtype: int32
- name: context
dtype: string
- name: question
dtype: string
- name: is_impossible
dtype: bool
- name: id
dtype: int32
- name: answers
sequence:
- name: text
dtype: string
- name: answer_start
dtype: int32
config_name: covid_qa_deepset
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 65151262
num_examples: 2019
download_size: 4418117
dataset_size: 65151262
---
# Dataset Card for COVID-QA
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Repository:** https://github.com/deepset-ai/COVID-QA
- **Paper:** https://openreview.net/forum?id=JENSKEEzsoU
- **Point of Contact:** [deepset AI](https://github.com/deepset-ai)
### Dataset Summary
COVID-QA is a Question Answering dataset consisting of 2,019 question/answer pairs annotated by volunteer biomedical experts on scientific articles related to COVID-19.
A total of 147 scientific articles from the CORD-19 dataset were annotated by 15 experts.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed]
### Languages
The text in the dataset is in English.
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
**What do the instances that comprise the dataset represent?**
Each represents a question, a context (document passage from the CORD19 dataset) and an answer.
**How many instances are there in total?**
2019 instances
**What data does each instance consist of?**
Each instance is a question, a set of answers, and an id associated with each answer.
[More Information Needed]
### Data Fields
The data was annotated in SQuAD style fashion, where each row contains:
* **question**: Query question
* **context**: Context text to obtain the answer from
* **document_id** The document ID of the context text
* **answer**: Dictionary containing the answer string and the start index
### Data Splits
**data/COVID-QA.json**: 2,019 question/answer pairs annotated by volunteer biomedical experts on scientific articles related to COVID-19.
[More Information Needed]
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed]
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
The inital data collected comes from 147 scientific articles from the CORD-19 dataset. Question and answers were then
annotated afterwards.
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed]
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
While annotators were volunteers, they were required to have at least a Master’s degree in biomedical sciences.
The annotation team was led by a medical doctor (G.A.R.) who vetted the volunteer’s credentials and
manually verified each question/answer pair produced. We used an existing, web-based annotation tool that had been
created by deepset and is available at their Neural Search framework [haystack](https://github.com/deepset-ai/haystack).
#### Who are the annotators?
The annotators are 15 volunteer biomedical experts on scientific articles related to COVID-19.
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
The dataset aims to help build question answering models serving clinical and scientific researchers, public health authorities, and frontline workers.
These QA systems can help them find answers and patterns in research papers by locating relevant answers to common questions from scientific articles.
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
## Additional Information
The listed authors in the homepage are maintaining/supporting the dataset.
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed]
### Licensing Information
The Proto_qa dataset is licensed under the [Apache License 2.0](https://github.com/deepset-ai/COVID-QA/blob/master/LICENSE)
### Citation Information
```
@inproceedings{moller2020covid,
title={COVID-QA: A Question Answering Dataset for COVID-19},
author={M{\"o}ller, Timo and Reina, Anthony and Jayakumar, Raghavan and Pietsch, Malte},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on NLP for COVID-19 at ACL 2020},
year={2020}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@olinguyen](https://github.com/olinguyen) for adding this dataset. | 5,607 | [
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freebase_qa | 2022-11-18T20:03:22.000Z | [
"task_categories:question-answering",
"task_ids:open-domain-qa",
"annotations_creators:crowdsourced",
"language_creators:found",
"multilinguality:monolingual",
"size_categories:10K<n<100K",
"source_datasets:extended|trivia_qa",
"language:en",
"license:unknown",
"region:us"
] | null | FreebaseQA is for open-domain factoid question answering (QA) tasks over structured knowledge bases, like Freebase The data set is generated by matching trivia-type question-answer pairs with subject-predicateobject triples in Freebase. | @article{jiang2019freebaseqa,
title={FreebaseQA: A New Factoid QA Dataset Matching Trivia-Style Question-Answer Pairs with Freebase},
author={Jiang, Kelvin and Wu, Dekun and Jiang, Hui},
journal={north american chapter of the association for computational linguistics},
year={2019}
} | 2 | 390 | 2022-03-02T23:29:22 | ---
annotations_creators:
- crowdsourced
language_creators:
- found
language:
- en
license:
- unknown
multilinguality:
- monolingual
size_categories:
- 10K<n<100K
source_datasets:
- extended|trivia_qa
task_categories:
- question-answering
task_ids:
- open-domain-qa
paperswithcode_id: freebaseqa
pretty_name: FreebaseQA
dataset_info:
features:
- name: Question-ID
dtype: string
- name: RawQuestion
dtype: string
- name: ProcessedQuestion
dtype: string
- name: Parses
sequence:
- name: Parse-Id
dtype: string
- name: PotentialTopicEntityMention
dtype: string
- name: TopicEntityName
dtype: string
- name: TopicEntityMid
dtype: string
- name: InferentialChain
dtype: string
- name: Answers
sequence:
- name: AnswersMid
dtype: string
- name: AnswersName
sequence: string
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 10235375
num_examples: 20358
- name: test
num_bytes: 1987874
num_examples: 3996
- name: validation
num_bytes: 1974114
num_examples: 3994
download_size: 33204999
dataset_size: 14197363
---
# Dataset Card for FreebaseQA
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:**
- **Repository:** [FreebaseQA repository](https://github.com/kelvin-jiang/FreebaseQA)
- **Paper:** [FreebaseQA ACL paper](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N19-1028.pdf)
- **Leaderboard:**
- **Point of Contact:** [Kelvin Jiang](https://github.com/kelvin-jiang)
### Dataset Summary
FreebaseQA is a dataset for open-domain factoid question answering (QA) tasks over structured knowledge bases, like Freebase.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed]
### Languages
English
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
Here is an example from the dataset:
```
{'Parses': {'Answers': [{'AnswersMid': ['m.01npcx'], 'AnswersName': [['goldeneye']]}, {'AnswersMid': ['m.01npcx'], 'AnswersName': [['goldeneye']]}], 'InferentialChain': ['film.film_character.portrayed_in_films..film.performance.film', 'film.actor.film..film.performance.film'], 'Parse-Id': ['FreebaseQA-train-0.P0', 'FreebaseQA-train-0.P1'], 'PotentialTopicEntityMention': ['007', 'pierce brosnan'], 'TopicEntityMid': ['m.0clpml', 'm.018p4y'], 'TopicEntityName': ['james bond', 'pierce brosnan']}, 'ProcessedQuestion': "what was pierce brosnan's first outing as 007", 'Question-ID': 'FreebaseQA-train-0', 'RawQuestion': "What was Pierce Brosnan's first outing as 007?"}
```
### Data Fields
- `Question-ID`: a `string` feature representing ID of each question.
- `RawQuestion`: a `string` feature representing the original question collected from data sources.
- `ProcessedQuestion`: a `string` feature representing the question processed with some operations such as removal of trailing question mark and decapitalization.
- `Parses`: a dictionary feature representing the semantic parse(s) for the question containing:
- `Parse-Id`: a `string` feature representing the ID of each semantic parse.
- `PotentialTopicEntityMention`: a `string` feature representing the potential topic entity mention in the question.
- `TopicEntityName`: a `string` feature representing name or alias of the topic entity in the question from Freebase.
- `TopicEntityMid`: a `string` feature representing the Freebase MID of the topic entity in the question.
- `InferentialChain`: a `string` feature representing path from the topic entity node to the answer node in Freebase, labeled as a predicate.
- `Answers`: a dictionary feature representing the answer found from this parse containing:
- `AnswersMid`: a `string` feature representing the Freebase MID of the answer.
- `AnswersName`: a `list` of `string` features representing the answer string from the original question-answer pair.
### Data Splits
This data set contains 28,348 unique questions that are divided into three subsets: train (20,358), dev (3,994) and eval (3,996), formatted as JSON files: FreebaseQA-[train|dev|eval].json
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed]
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
The data set is generated by matching trivia-type question-answer pairs with subject-predicateobject triples in Freebase. For each collected question-answer pair, we first tag all entities in each question and search for relevant predicates that bridge a tagged entity with the answer in Freebase. Finally, human annotation is used to remove false positives in these matched triples.
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed]
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
Kelvin Jiang - Currently at University of Waterloo. Work was done at
York University.
### Licensing Information
[More Information Needed]
### Citation Information
```
@inproceedings{jiang-etal-2019-freebaseqa,
title = "{F}reebase{QA}: A New Factoid {QA} Data Set Matching Trivia-Style Question-Answer Pairs with {F}reebase",
author = "Jiang, Kelvin and
Wu, Dekun and
Jiang, Hui",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North {A}merican Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long and Short Papers)",
month = jun,
year = "2019",
address = "Minneapolis, Minnesota",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N19-1028",
doi = "10.18653/v1/N19-1028",
pages = "318--323",
abstract = "In this paper, we present a new data set, named FreebaseQA, for open-domain factoid question answering (QA) tasks over structured knowledge bases, like Freebase. The data set is generated by matching trivia-type question-answer pairs with subject-predicate-object triples in Freebase. For each collected question-answer pair, we first tag all entities in each question and search for relevant predicates that bridge a tagged entity with the answer in Freebase. Finally, human annotation is used to remove any false positive in these matched triples. Using this method, we are able to efficiently generate over 54K matches from about 28K unique questions with minimal cost. Our analysis shows that this data set is suitable for model training in factoid QA tasks beyond simpler questions since FreebaseQA provides more linguistically sophisticated questions than other existing data sets.",
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@gchhablani](https://github.com/gchhablani) and [@anaerobeth](https://github.com/anaerobeth) for adding this dataset. | 8,035 | [
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aadityaubhat/GPT-wiki-intro | 2023-10-03T22:48:42.000Z | [
"task_categories:text-classification",
"task_categories:zero-shot-classification",
"task_categories:text-generation",
"size_categories:100K<n<1M",
"language:en",
"license:cc",
"doi:10.57967/hf/0326",
"region:us"
] | aadityaubhat | null | null | 18 | 389 | 2023-02-03T18:30:39 | ---
license: cc
task_categories:
- text-classification
- zero-shot-classification
- text-generation
pretty_name: GPT Wiki Intro
size_categories:
- 100K<n<1M
language:
- en
---
# GPT Wiki Intro
## Overview
Dataset for training models to classify human written vs GPT/ChatGPT generated text.
This dataset contains Wikipedia introductions and GPT (Curie) generated introductions for 150k topics.
Prompt used for generating text
```
200 word wikipedia style introduction on '{title}'
{starter_text}
```
where `title` is the title for the wikipedia page, and `starter_text` is the first seven words of the wikipedia introduction.
Here's an example of prompt used to generate the introduction paragraph for 'Secretory protein' -
>'200 word wikipedia style introduction on Secretory protein
>
> A secretory protein is any protein, whether'
Configuration used for GPT model
```
model="text-curie-001",
prompt=prompt,
temperature=0.7,
max_tokens=300,
top_p=1,
frequency_penalty=0.4,
presence_penalty=0.1
```
Schema for the dataset
|Column |Datatype|Description |
|---------------------|--------|-------------------------------------------|
|id |int64 |ID |
|url |string |Wikipedia URL |
|title |string |Title |
|wiki_intro |string |Introduction paragraph from wikipedia |
|generated_intro |string |Introduction generated by GPT (Curie) model|
|title_len |int64 |Number of words in title |
|wiki_intro_len |int64 |Number of words in wiki_intro |
|generated_intro_len |int64 |Number of words in generated_intro |
|prompt |string |Prompt used to generate intro |
|generated_text |string |Text continued after the prompt |
|prompt_tokens |int64 |Number of tokens in the prompt |
|generated_text_tokens|int64 |Number of tokens in generated text |
## Credits
* [wikipedia dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikipedia#licensing-information)
## Code
Code to create this dataset can be found on [GitHub](https://github.com/aadityaubhat/wiki_gpt)
## Citation
```
@misc {aaditya_bhat_2023,
author = { {Aaditya Bhat} },
title = { GPT-wiki-intro (Revision 0e458f5) },
year = 2023,
url = { https://huggingface.co/datasets/aadityaubhat/GPT-wiki-intro },
doi = { 10.57967/hf/0326 },
publisher = { Hugging Face }
}
``` | 2,626 | [
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BI55/MedText | 2023-07-25T09:30:17.000Z | [
"license:cc-by-4.0",
"region:us"
] | BI55 | null | null | 52 | 389 | 2023-07-25T09:13:09 | ---
license: cc-by-4.0
---
This is the shuffled version of medtext_1, so the datapoints are in random order and not sorted by category. This is to prevent catastrophic forgetting by category.
This is a medical diagnosis dataset containing over 1000 top notch textbook quality patient presentations and diagnosis/treatments. The 100 most common diseases and the 30 most common injuries people go to the hospital with, are, among others, fully captured in the dataset, with multiple datapoints for each ranging from mild to complicated to severe. Full list below. The dataset also contains completions about the nature of the AI itself, that it never can replace a doctor and always emphasizes to go to a professional and some nonsensical or doubtful presentations. A model trained on this dataset explicitly tells when it CANNOT answer with confidence or if the presentation is insufficient. This is to prevent hallucinations.
Medtext is a free to use (CC BY 4.0) dataset of over 1000 patient presentations and their diagnosis/treatment plans.
This is original data, converted into uniform datapoints using GPT-4.
We then pulled 10 random examples of the dataset and showed them to 3 different doctors, 2 of them involved and 1 of them uninvolved, and they all categorize the quality as „textbook quality“.
It’s content includes:
NOISE/DATA POLLUTION
*Dismissing of non-medical or non-psychological issues
*specifically asking for more information / admitting no possible diagnosis with confidence if insufficient data
*conflicting/contradicting and irrelevant information
*cases where symptoms are misleading to seemingly obvious diagnosis but actually being something different
*information about the model (What are you? What can you do? Are you able to replace a doctor? This is to make the model humble and always emphasize that it can never replace a professional and it is just there to do some substitute analysis)
MISC
*emergency cases / first aid / almost fatal njuries that require emergency surgery
*injuries from crimes
*sexual injuries and STDs
*Infant specific cases
*Gynecological and urological cases
*genetic anomalies
*Previous medical mishandling
*Abuse/Overdosing/Misuse of drugs
*Cross side effects of drugs
ANALYSIS
*Textual analysis of blood tests, ultrasound, CT, MRI and X-ray examinations.
INJURIES:
* Sprains and strains
* Fractures
* Contusions (bruises)
* Cuts and lacerations
* Concussions
* Burns
* Dislocations
* Abrasions (scrapes)
* Whiplash injuries
* Eye injuries
* Puncture wounds
* Bites and stings
* Back injuries
* Broken nose
* Knee injuries
* Ankle injuries
* Shoulder injuries
* Wrist injuries
* Chest injuries
* Head injuries
DISEASES:
* Acne
* Allergies
* Alzheimer's Disease
* Anemia
* Angina
* Anxiety Disorders
* Arthritis
* Asthma
* Atherosclerosis
* Athlete's Foot
* Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
* Autism Spectrum Disorder
* Back Pain
* Bipolar Disorder
* Bronchitis
* Cataracts
* Chickenpox
* Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
* Common Cold
* Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)
* Constipation
* Coronary Heart Disease
* Cystitis
* Dementia
* Depression
* Diabetes Type 1
* Diabetes Type 2
* Diarrhea
* Diverticulitis
* Dizziness (Vertigo)
* Ear Infections
* Eczema
* Endometriosis
* Erectile Dysfunction
* Fibromyalgia
* Flu (Influenza)
* Food Poisoning
* Gallstones
* Gastroenteritis
* Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
* Gout
* Hay Fever (Allergic Rhinitis)
* Headaches
* Heart Failure
* Hemorrhoids
* Hepatitis B
* Hepatitis C
* Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
* High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)
* High Cholesterol (Hypercholesterolemia)
* HIV/AIDS
* Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid)
* Hypothyroidism (Underactive Thyroid)
* Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Including Crohn's and Ulcerative Colitis)
* Insomnia
* Iron Deficiency Anemia
* Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
* Kidney Stones
* Lactose Intolerance
* Lyme Disease
* Macular Degeneration
* Malaria
* Menopause
* Migraine
* Multiple Sclerosis
* Obesity
* Osteoarthritis
* Osteoporosis
* Otitis Media (Middle Ear Infection)
* Pancreatitis
* Parkinson's Disease
* Peptic Ulcers
* Periodontal Disease
* Pneumonia
* Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
* Prostate Enlargement (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia)
* Psoriasis
* Pulmonary Embolism
* Restless Legs Syndrome
* Rheumatoid Arthritis
* Rosacea
* Schizophrenia
* Sciatica
* Scoliosis
* Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
* Sinusitis
* Skin Cancer
* Sleep Apnea
* Strokes
* Tendonitis
* Tonsillitis
* Tuberculosis
* Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
* Varicose Veins
* Vitiligo
* Yeast Infection (Candidiasis)
* Zika Virus | 4,839 | [
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laion/laion400m | 2023-04-04T06:35:23.000Z | [
"license:cc-by-4.0",
"region:us"
] | laion | null | null | 18 | 388 | 2023-03-28T21:36:09 | ---
license: cc-by-4.0
---
# LAION-400m_new
This datasets has two improvements compared to original LAION_400m dataset:
1. It uses a multilingual text filter to filter out malicious content
2. The better open_clip VitH model was used to detect potential harmful content in the images
All in all, we filtered out around 6 million additional image-text pairs - probably with a high false positive rate - in order to improve dataset safety. | 441 | [
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] |
GATE-engine/COCOStuff164K | 2023-06-26T06:29:49.000Z | [
"region:us"
] | GATE-engine | null | null | 0 | 388 | 2023-06-26T04:56:48 | ---
dataset_info:
features:
- name: image
dtype: image
- name: mask
dtype: image
splits:
- name: val
num_bytes: 2431424833.0
num_examples: 5000
- name: train
num_bytes: 57790292141.76
num_examples: 118287
download_size: 39862772718
dataset_size: 60221716974.76
---
# Dataset Card for "COCOStuff164K"
[More Information needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards) | 472 | [
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CheshireAI/guanaco-unchained | 2023-08-17T00:12:34.000Z | [
"size_categories:1K<n<10K",
"language:en",
"license:apache-2.0",
"region:us"
] | CheshireAI | null | null | 21 | 388 | 2023-07-07T09:40:46 | ---
license: apache-2.0
language:
- en
pretty_name: Guanaco Unchained
size_categories:
- 1K<n<10K
---
# Guanaco Unchained
"Guanaco Unchained" is a refined and optimized version of the original [Guanaco dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/timdettmers/openassistant-guanaco). It is specifically curated to maintain high-quality data while minimizing alignment issues.
The main transformations that were applied to the dataset include:
- Language Filtering: To ensure quality control, most of the non-English prompts were removed.
- AI Identification Removal: Any references suggesting the model's identity as AI, such as "OpenAssistant", "As an AI language model", and similar prompts, were removed. This adjustment allows for a more human-like interaction.
- Content Refining: Responses that indicated refusal, moralizing, or strong subjectivity were either removed or modified to increase accuracy and reduce bias.
- Context Trimming: In scenarios where a human response lacked a corresponding model answer, the last human response was removed to maintain consistency in the instruct pair format.
- Apologetic Language Reduction: The dataset was also revised to remove or modify apologetic language in the responses, thereby ensuring assertiveness and precision.
Dataset Information:
The primary source of the data is the [Guanaco dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/timdettmers/openassistant-guanaco). Following this, a series of processing steps (as outlined above) were performed to remove unnecessary or ambiguous elements, resulting in the "Guanaco Unchained" dataset. The structure of the dataset remains consistent with the original Guanaco dataset, containing pairs of human prompts and assistant responses.
Known Limitations:
The dataset was manually curated, and therefore, may contain unintentional errors, oversights, or inconsistencies. Despite the concerted effort to remove all instances of AI identification, there may still be undetected instances. The dataset's multilingual capability may also be reduced due to the removal of non-English prompts.
Additional Information:
The "Guanaco Unchained" dataset is ideally suited for any application that aims for a more human-like interaction with minimized AI identifiers and alignment issues. It is particularly beneficial in contexts where direct, assertive, and high-quality English responses are desired.
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vikp/textbook_quality_programming | 2023-10-08T18:36:50.000Z | [
"language:en",
"region:us"
] | vikp | null | null | 138 | 388 | 2023-09-22T16:04:56 | ---
language:
- en
dataset_info:
features:
- name: topic
dtype: string
- name: model
dtype: string
- name: concepts
sequence: string
- name: outline
sequence: string
- name: markdown
dtype: string
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 471931604
num_examples: 11650
download_size: 0
dataset_size: 471931604
configs:
- config_name: default
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/train-*
---
# Dataset Card for "textbook_quality_programming"
Synthetic programming textbooks generated with GPT-3.5 and retrieval. Very high quality, aimed at being used in a phi replication. Currently 115M tokens. Covers many languages and technologies, with a bias towards python.
~10k of the books (65M tokens) use an older generation method, and average 6k tokens in length. ~1.5k books (50M tokens) use a newer generation method, with a more detailed outline, and average 33k tokens in length. All books have section headers for optimal chunking.
Generated using the [textbook_quality](https://github.com/VikParuchuri/textbook_quality) repo. | 1,082 | [
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paulopirozelli/pira | 2023-10-04T13:52:11.000Z | [
"task_categories:question-answering",
"size_categories:1K<n<10K",
"language:pt",
"language:en",
"license:cc-by-4.0",
"climate",
"arxiv:2309.10945",
"region:us"
] | paulopirozelli | null | null | 1 | 387 | 2023-09-25T13:14:54 | ---
license: cc-by-4.0
configs:
- config_name: default
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/train-*
- split: validation
path: data/validation-*
- split: test
path: data/test-*
- config_name: mcqa
data_files:
- split: train
path: mcqa/train-*
- split: validation
path: mcqa/validation-*
- split: test
path: mcqa/test-*
- config_name: paraphrases
data_files:
- split: train
path: paraphrases/train-*
- config_name: pira_version1
data_files:
- split: train
path: pira_version1/train-*
dataset_info:
- config_name: default
features:
- name: id_qa
dtype: string
- name: corpus
dtype: int64
- name: question_en_origin
dtype: string
- name: question_pt_origin
dtype: string
- name: question_en_paraphase
dtype: string
- name: question_pt_paraphase
dtype: string
- name: answer_en_origin
dtype: string
- name: answer_pt_origin
dtype: string
- name: answer_en_validate
dtype: string
- name: answer_pt_validate
dtype: string
- name: abstract
dtype: string
- name: eid_article_scopus
dtype: string
- name: question_generic
dtype: float64
- name: answer_in_text
dtype: float64
- name: answer_difficulty
dtype: float64
- name: question_meaningful
dtype: float64
- name: answer_equivalent
dtype: float64
- name: question_type
dtype: string
- name: abstract_translated_pt
dtype: string
- name: pt_question_translated_to_en
dtype: string
- name: at_labels
dtype: float64
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 8002269
num_examples: 1806
- name: validation
num_bytes: 994524
num_examples: 225
- name: test
num_bytes: 940555
num_examples: 227
download_size: 3976683
dataset_size: 9937348
- config_name: mcqa
features:
- name: id
dtype: string
- name: text
dtype: string
- name: question
dtype: string
- name: A
dtype: string
- name: B
dtype: string
- name: C
dtype: string
- name: D
dtype: string
- name: E
dtype: string
- name: correct
dtype: string
- name: alternative
dtype: string
splits:
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num_bytes: 4327619
num_examples: 1798
- name: validation
num_bytes: 582526
num_examples: 225
- name: test
num_bytes: 551723
num_examples: 227
download_size: 2148096
dataset_size: 5461868
- config_name: paraphrases
features:
- name: question_AUT_EN_1
dtype: string
- name: question_AUT_EN_2
dtype: string
- name: answer_AUT_EN_1
dtype: string
- name: answer_AUT_EN_2
dtype: string
- name: question_AUT_PT_1
dtype: string
- name: question_AUT_PT_2
dtype: string
- name: answer_AUT_PT_1
dtype: string
- name: answer_AUT_PT_2
dtype: string
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 1175020
num_examples: 1806
download_size: 720519
dataset_size: 1175020
- config_name: pira_version1
features:
- name: id_qa
dtype: string
- name: corpus
dtype: int64
- name: question_en_origin
dtype: string
- name: question_pt_origin
dtype: string
- name: question_en_paraphase
dtype: string
- name: question_pt_paraphase
dtype: string
- name: answer_en_origin
dtype: string
- name: answer_pt_origin
dtype: string
- name: answer_en_validate
dtype: string
- name: answer_pt_validate
dtype: string
- name: eid_article_scopus
dtype: string
- name: text_excerpts_un_reports
dtype: string
- name: question_generic
dtype: bool
- name: answer_in_text
dtype: bool
- name: answer_difficulty
dtype: float64
- name: question_meaningful
dtype: float64
- name: answer_equivalent
dtype: float64
- name: question_type
dtype: string
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 3096316
num_examples: 2271
download_size: 1342133
dataset_size: 3096316
task_categories:
- question-answering
language:
- pt
- en
tags:
- climate
size_categories:
- 1K<n<10K
---
# Pirá: A Bilingual Portuguese-English Dataset for Question-Answering about the Ocean, the Brazilian coast, and climate change
Pirá is a crowdsourced reading comprehension dataset on the ocean, the Brazilian coast, and climate change.
QA sets are presented in both Portuguese and English, together with their corresponding textual context.
The dataset also contains human and automatic paraphrases for questions and answers, as well as a number of qualitative assessments.
The original paper was published at CIKM'21 and can be found [here](https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3459637.3482012).
As a subsequent project, we have produced a curated version of the dataset, which we refer to as Pirá 2.0.
In this step, we have also defined a number of benchmarks and reported the corresponding baselines.
This is the version that we make available at HuggingFace.
Pirá 2.0's preprint is available in [Arxiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.10945).
Pirá is, to the best of our knowledge, the first QA dataset with supporting texts in Portuguese, and, perhaps more importantly,
the first bilingual QA dataset that includes Portuguese as one of its languages.
Pirá is also the first QA dataset in Portuguese with unanswerable questions so as to allow the study of answer triggering.
Finally, it is the first QA dataset that tackles scientific knowledge about the ocean, climate change, and marine biodiversity.
More information on the methodology, dataset versions, and benchmarks can be found on the project's [Github page](https://github.com/C4AI/Pira/).
You can also find there the Multiple-Choice version of Pirá.
# Dataset
The dataset is split into train, validation, and test sets.
| Split | Size | #QAs |
|---|---|---|
| Training | 80% | 1806 |
| Validation | 10% | 225 |
| Test | 10% | 227 |
| Full dataset | 100% | 2258 |
Above is an example of a question-answer set from Pirá:
```
{
'id_qa': 'B2142',
'corpus": 2,
'question_en_origin': 'What are the proportion of men and women employed in the fishery sector worlwide?',
'question_pt_origin': 'Qual é a proporção de homens e mulheres empregados no setor pesqueiro em todo o mundo?',
'question_en_paraphase': 'Which share of the fishery sector workers of the world are women?',
'question_pt_paraphase': 'Qual parcela dos trabalhadores do setor da pesca no mundo são mulheres?',
'answer_en_origin': '85 per cent men and 15 per cent women.',
'answer_pt_origin': '85 por cento homens e 15 por cento mulheres.',
'answer_en_validate': 'It is estimated that more than fifteen per cent of the fishing sector workers are women.',
'answer_pt_validate': 'Estima-se que mais de quinze por cento dos trabalhadores do setor da pesca são mulheres.',
'eid_article_scopus': '',
'text_excerpts_un_reports': 'Distribution of ocean benefits and disbenefits Developments in employment and income from fisheries and aquaculture The global harvest of marine capture fisheries has expanded rapidly since the early 1950s and is currently estimated to be about 80 million tons a year. That harvest is estimated to have a first (gross) value on the order of 113 billion dollars. Although it is difficult to produce accurate employment statistics, estimates using a fairly narrow definition of employment have put the figure of those employed in fisheries and aquaculture at 58.3 million people (4.4 per cent of the estimated total of economically active people), of which 84 per cent are in Asia and 10 per cent in Africa. Women are estimated to account for more than 15 per cent of people employed in the fishery sector. Other estimates, probably taking into account a wider definition of employment, suggest that capture fisheries provide direct and indirect employment for at least 120 million persons worldwide. Small-scale fisheries employ more than 90 per cent of the world’s capture fishermen and fish workers, about half of whom are women. When all dependants of those taking full- or part-time employment in the full value chain and support industries (boatbuilding, gear construction, etc.) of fisheries and aquaculture are included, one estimate concludes that between 660 and 820 million persons have some economic or livelihood dependence on fish capture and culture and the subsequent direct value chain. No sound information appears to be available on the levels of death and injury of those engaged in capture fishing or aquaculture, but capture fishing is commonly characterized as a dangerous occupation. Over time, a striking shift has occurred in the operation and location of capture fisheries. In the 1950s, capture fisheries were largely undertaken by developed fishing States. Since then, developing countries have increased their share. As a broad illustration, in the 1950s, the southern hemisphere accounted for no more than 8 per cent of landed values. By the last decade, the southern hemisphere’s share had risen to 20 per cent. In 2012, international trade represented 37 per cent of the total fish production in value, with a total export value of 129 billion dollars, of which 70 billion dollars (58 per cent) was exports by developing countries. Aquaculture is responsible for the bulk of the production of seaweeds. Worldwide, reports show that 24.9 million tons was produced in 2012, valued at about 6 billion dollars. In addition, about 1 million tons of wild seaweed were harvested. Few data were found on international trade in seaweeds, but their culture is concentrated in countries where consumption of seaweeds is high.',
'question_generic': false,
'answer_in_text': true,
'answer_difficulty': 1,
'question_meaningful': 5,
'answer_equivalent': 5,
'question_type': 'None of the above'
}
```
# Automatic Paraphrases
As we have only generated automatic paraphrases for questions and answers in the train set, they had to be saved in a different Dataset file.
To download the automatic paraphrases, just run:
```
paraphrases = load_dataset("paulopirozelli/pira", "paraphrases")
```
# Multiple Choice Question Answering
We have also developed a multiple choice question answering version of Pirá 2.0.
To download the automatic paraphrases, just run:
```
mcqa = load_dataset("paulopirozelli/pira", "mcqa")
```
Above is an example of a question-answer set from Pirá:
```
{
'id_qa': 'A1582',
'corpus': 1,
'question_en_origin': 'In the estuary, with marine influence, what was associated to deep areas with sandy sediment?',
'question_pt_origin': 'No estuário, com influência marinha, o que foi associado a áreas profundas com sedimento arenoso?',
'question_en_paraphase': 'What was discovered in estuary under deep areas with sand sediment and marine influence?',
'question_pt_paraphase': 'O que foi descoberto no estuário sob áreas profundas com sedimento arenoso e influência marítima?',
'answer_en_origin': 'The Laryngosigma lactea and Pyrgo oblonga foraminifera species.',
'answer_pt_origin': 'As espécies Laryngosigma lactea e Pyrgo oblonga de foraminíferos.',
'answer_en_validate': 'The species Laryngosigma lactea and Pyrgo oblonga.',
'answer_pt_validate': 'A espécie Laryngosigma lactea e Pyrgo oblonga.',
'eid_article_scopus': '2-s2.0-85092100205',
'text_excerpts_un_reports': None,
'question_generic': False,
'answer_in_text': True,
'answer_difficulty': 4.0,
'question_meaningful': 5.0,
'answer_equivalent': 4.0,
'question_type': 'Who'
}
```
# Pirá 1.0
You can also access the original Pirá dataset. Just run:
```
pira1 = load_dataset("paulopirozelli/pira", "pira_version1")
``` | 11,596 | [
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zhen-dong-nexusflow/reformatted_singleapi | 2023-10-23T22:19:11.000Z | [
"region:us"
] | zhen-dong-nexusflow | null | null | 0 | 387 | 2023-10-22T23:49:21 | Entry not found | 15 | [
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wmt20_mlqe_task1 | 2023-06-01T14:59:51.000Z | [
"task_categories:translation",
"annotations_creators:expert-generated",
"annotations_creators:machine-generated",
"language_creators:found",
"multilinguality:translation",
"size_categories:1K<n<10K",
"source_datasets:extended|reddit",
"source_datasets:extended|wikipedia",
"language:de",
"language:en",
"language:et",
"language:ne",
"language:ro",
"language:ru",
"language:si",
"language:zh",
"license:unknown",
"region:us"
] | null | This shared task (part of WMT20) will build on its previous editions
to further examine automatic methods for estimating the quality
of neural machine translation output at run-time, without relying
on reference translations. As in previous years, we cover estimation
at various levels. Important elements introduced this year include: a new
task where sentences are annotated with Direct Assessment (DA)
scores instead of labels based on post-editing; a new multilingual
sentence-level dataset mainly from Wikipedia articles, where the
source articles can be retrieved for document-wide context; the
availability of NMT models to explore system-internal information for the task.
Task 1 uses Wikipedia data for 6 language pairs that includes high-resource
English--German (En-De) and English--Chinese (En-Zh), medium-resource
Romanian--English (Ro-En) and Estonian--English (Et-En), and low-resource
Sinhalese--English (Si-En) and Nepalese--English (Ne-En), as well as a
dataset with a combination of Wikipedia articles and Reddit articles
for Russian-English (En-Ru). The datasets were collected by translating
sentences sampled from source language articles using state-of-the-art NMT
models built using the fairseq toolkit and annotated with Direct Assessment (DA)
scores by professional translators. Each sentence was annotated following the
FLORES setup, which presents a form of DA, where at least three professional
translators rate each sentence from 0-100 according to the perceived translation
quality. DA scores are standardised using the z-score by rater. Participating systems
are required to score sentences according to z-standardised DA scores. | Not available. | 1 | 386 | 2022-03-02T23:29:22 | ---
pretty_name: WMT20 - MultiLingual Quality Estimation (MLQE) Task1
annotations_creators:
- expert-generated
- machine-generated
language_creators:
- found
language:
- de
- en
- et
- ne
- ro
- ru
- si
- zh
license:
- unknown
multilinguality:
- translation
size_categories:
- 1K<n<10K
source_datasets:
- extended|reddit
- extended|wikipedia
task_categories:
- translation
task_ids: []
paperswithcode_id: null
dataset_info:
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sequence: float32
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sequence: float32
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features:
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download_size: 2123684
dataset_size: 4498908
config_names:
- en-de
- en-zh
- et-en
- ne-en
- ro-en
- ru-en
- si-en
---
# Dataset Card for WMT20 - MultiLingual Quality Estimation (MLQE) Task1
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [WMT20 Quality Estimation Shared Task](http://www.statmt.org/wmt20/quality-estimation-task.html)
- **Repository:** [Github repository](https://github.com/facebookresearch/mlqe/)
- **Paper:** *Not available*
### Dataset Summary
From the homepage:
*This shared task (part of WMT20) will build on its previous editions to further examine automatic methods for estimating the quality of neural machine translation output at run-time, without relying on reference translations. As in previous years, we cover estimation at various levels. Important elements introduced this year include: a new task where sentences are annotated with Direct Assessment (DA) scores instead of labels based on post-editing; a new multilingual sentence-level dataset mainly from Wikipedia articles, where the source articles can be retrieved for document-wide context; the availability of NMT models to explore system-internal information for the task.*
*Task 1 uses Wikipedia data for 6 language pairs that includes high-resource English--German (En-De) and English--Chinese (En-Zh), medium-resource Romanian--English (Ro-En) and Estonian--English (Et-En), and low-resource Sinhalese--English (Si-En) and Nepalese--English (Ne-En), as well as a dataset with a combination of Wikipedia articles and Reddit articles for Russian-English (En-Ru). The datasets were collected by translating sentences sampled from source language articles using state-of-the-art NMT models built using the fairseq toolkit and annotated with Direct Assessment (DA) scores by professional translators. Each sentence was annotated following the FLORES setup, which presents a form of DA, where at least three professional translators rate each sentence from 0-100 according to the perceived translation quality. DA scores are standardised using the z-score by rater. Participating systems are required to score sentences according to z-standardised DA scores.*
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
From the homepage:
*Sentence-level submissions will be evaluated in terms of the Pearson's correlation metric for the DA prediction agains human DA (z-standardised mean DA score, i.e. z_mean). These are the [official evaluation scripts](https://github.com/sheffieldnlp/qe-eval-scripts). The evaluation will focus on multilingual systems, i.e. systems that are able to provide predictions for all languages in the Wikipedia domain. Therefore, average Pearson correlation across all these languages will be used to rank QE systems. We will also evaluate QE systems on a per-language basis for those interested in particular languages.*
### Languages
Eight languages are represented in this dataset:
- English (`en`)
- German (`de`)
- Romanian (`ro`)
- Estonian (`et`)
- Nepalese (`ne`)
- Sinhala (`si`)
- Russian (`ru`)
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
An example looks like this:
```
{
'segid': 123,
'translation': {
'en': 'José Ortega y Gasset visited Husserl at Freiburg in 1934.',
'de': '1934 besuchte José Ortega y Gasset Husserl in Freiburg.',
},
'scores': [100.0, 100.0, 100.0],
'mean': 100.0,
'z_scores': [0.9553316831588745, 1.552362322807312, 0.850531816482544],
'z_mean': 1.1194086074829102,
'model_score': -0.10244649648666382,
'doc_id': 'Edmund Husserl',
'nmt_output': '1934 besuchte José Ort@@ ega y G@@ asset Hus@@ ser@@ l in Freiburg .',
'word_probas': [-0.4458000063896179, -0.2745000123977661, -0.07199999690055847, -0.002300000051036477, -0.005900000222027302, -0.14579999446868896, -0.07500000298023224, -0.012400000356137753, -0.026900000870227814, -0.036400001496076584, -0.05299999937415123, -0.14990000426769257, -0.012400000356137753, -0.1145000010728836, -0.10999999940395355],
}
```
### Data Fields
- `segid`: segment id.
- `original`: original sentence.
- `translation`: Dictionary with pairs (source,target).
- src_lg: sequence of text in source language.
- tgt_lg: sequence of text in target language.
- `scores`: list of DA scores by all annotators - the number of annotators may vary. [] if N/A (only for `ru-en/test`).
- `mean`: average of DA scores. -10_000 if N/A (only for `ru-en/test`).
- `z_scores`: list of z-standardized DA scores. [] if N/A (only for `ru-en/test`).
- `z_mean`: average of z-standardized DA scores. -10_000 if N/A (only for `ru-en/test`).
- `model_score`: NMT model score for sentence. -10_000 if N/A (only for `ru-en/test`).
- `doc_id`: the name of the article where each original segment came from.
- `nmt_output`: the actual output of the NMT model before any post-processing, corresponding to the log-probas in `word_probas` (the token is not printed, so the number of log-probabilities equals the number of tokens plus 1).
- `word_probas`: log-probabilities from the NMT model for each decoded token including the token.
### Data Splits
There are 7 configurations in this dataset (one for each available language pair). Each configuration is composed of 7K examples for training, 1K for validation and 1K for test.
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
The original text is extracted from Wikipedia, Russian Reddit and Russian WikiQuotes. Translations are obtained using state-of-the-art NMT models built using the [fairseq toolkit](https://github.com/pytorch/fairseq) and annotated with Direct Assesment scores by professional translators.
### Source Data
[More Information Needed]
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed]
### Annotations
[More Information Needed]
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed]
### Licensing Information
Unknown
### Citation Information
```
Not available.
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@VictorSanh](https://github.com/VictorSanh) for adding this dataset. | 12,887 | [
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eugenesiow/Set5 | 2022-10-21T03:59:16.000Z | [
"task_categories:other",
"annotations_creators:machine-generated",
"language_creators:found",
"multilinguality:monolingual",
"size_categories:unknown",
"source_datasets:original",
"license:other",
"other-image-super-resolution",
"region:us"
] | eugenesiow | Set5 is a evaluation dataset with 5 RGB images for the image super resolution task. | @article{bevilacqua2012low,
title={Low-complexity single-image super-resolution based on nonnegative neighbor embedding},
author={Bevilacqua, Marco and Roumy, Aline and Guillemot, Christine and Alberi-Morel, Marie Line},
year={2012},
publisher={BMVA press}
} | 0 | 386 | 2022-03-02T23:29:22 | ---
annotations_creators:
- machine-generated
language_creators:
- found
language: []
license:
- other
multilinguality:
- monolingual
size_categories:
- unknown
source_datasets:
- original
task_categories:
- other
task_ids: []
pretty_name: Set5
tags:
- other-image-super-resolution
---
# Dataset Card for Set5
## Table of Contents
- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage**: http://people.rennes.inria.fr/Aline.Roumy/results/SR_BMVC12.html
- **Repository**: https://huggingface.co/datasets/eugenesiow/Set5
- **Paper**: http://people.rennes.inria.fr/Aline.Roumy/publi/12bmvc_Bevilacqua_lowComplexitySR.pdf
- **Leaderboard**: https://github.com/eugenesiow/super-image#scale-x2
### Dataset Summary
Set5 is a evaluation dataset with 5 RGB images for the image super resolution task. The 5 images of the dataset are (“baby”, “bird”, “butterfly”, “head”, “woman”).
Install with `pip`:
```bash
pip install datasets super-image
```
Evaluate a model with the [`super-image`](https://github.com/eugenesiow/super-image) library:
```python
from datasets import load_dataset
from super_image import EdsrModel
from super_image.data import EvalDataset, EvalMetrics
dataset = load_dataset('eugenesiow/Set5', 'bicubic_x2', split='validation')
eval_dataset = EvalDataset(dataset)
model = EdsrModel.from_pretrained('eugenesiow/edsr-base', scale=2)
EvalMetrics().evaluate(model, eval_dataset)
```
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
The dataset is commonly used for evaluation of the `image-super-resolution` task.
Unofficial [`super-image`](https://github.com/eugenesiow/super-image) leaderboard for:
- [Scale 2](https://github.com/eugenesiow/super-image#scale-x2)
- [Scale 3](https://github.com/eugenesiow/super-image#scale-x3)
- [Scale 4](https://github.com/eugenesiow/super-image#scale-x4)
- [Scale 8](https://github.com/eugenesiow/super-image#scale-x8)
### Languages
Not applicable.
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
An example of `validation` for `bicubic_x2` looks as follows.
```
{
"hr": "/.cache/huggingface/datasets/downloads/extracted/Set5_HR/baby.png",
"lr": "/.cache/huggingface/datasets/downloads/extracted/Set5_LR_x2/baby.png"
}
```
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all splits.
- `hr`: a `string` to the path of the High Resolution (HR) `.png` image.
- `lr`: a `string` to the path of the Low Resolution (LR) `.png` image.
### Data Splits
| name |validation|
|-------|---:|
|bicubic_x2|5|
|bicubic_x3|5|
|bicubic_x4|5|
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed]
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed]
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
No annotations.
#### Who are the annotators?
No annotators.
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
- **Original Authors**: [Bevilacqua et al.](http://people.rennes.inria.fr/Aline.Roumy/results/SR_BMVC12.html)
### Licensing Information
Academic use only.
### Citation Information
```bibtex
@article{bevilacqua2012low,
title={Low-complexity single-image super-resolution based on nonnegative neighbor embedding},
author={Bevilacqua, Marco and Roumy, Aline and Guillemot, Christine and Alberi-Morel, Marie Line},
year={2012},
publisher={BMVA press}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@eugenesiow](https://github.com/eugenesiow) for adding this dataset.
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seamew/ChnSentiCorp | 2021-06-22T08:58:53.000Z | [
"region:us"
] | seamew | null | null | 19 | 386 | 2022-03-02T23:29:22 | Entry not found | 15 | [
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hoskinson-center/proofnet | 2023-03-17T21:25:37.000Z | [
"license:mit",
"arxiv:2302.12433",
"region:us"
] | hoskinson-center | A dataset that evaluates formally proving and autoformalizing undergraduate mathematics. | null | 8 | 386 | 2022-11-17T23:53:41 | ---
license: mit
---
# ProofNet
## Dataset Description
- **Repository:** [zhangir-azerbayev/ProofNet](https://github.com/zhangir-azerbayev/ProofNet)
- **Paper:** [ProofNet](https://mathai2022.github.io/papers/20.pdf)
- **Point of Contact:** [Zhangir Azerbayev](https://zhangir-azerbayev.github.io/)
### Dataset Summary
ProofNet is a benchmark for autoformalization and formal proving of undergraduate-level mathematics. The ProofNet benchmarks consists of 371 examples, each consisting of a formal theorem statement in Lean 3, a natural language theorem statement, and a natural language proof. The problems are primarily drawn from popular undergraduate pure mathematics textbooks and cover topics such as real and complex analysis, linear algebra, abstract algebra, and topology. We intend for ProofNet to be a challenging benchmark that will drive progress in autoformalization and automatic theorem proving.
**Citation**:
```bibtex
@misc{azerbayev2023proofnet,
title={ProofNet: Autoformalizing and Formally Proving Undergraduate-Level Mathematics},
author={Zhangir Azerbayev and Bartosz Piotrowski and Hailey Schoelkopf and Edward W. Ayers and Dragomir Radev and Jeremy Avigad},
year={2023},
eprint={2302.12433},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.CL}
}
```
### Leaderboard
**Statement Autoformalization**
| Model | Typecheck Rate | Accuracy |
| ---------------------------------- | -------------- | -------- |
| Davinci-code-002 (prompt retrieval)| 45.2 | 16.1 |
| Davinci-code-002 (in-context learning) | 23.7 | 13.4 |
| proofGPT-1.3B | 10.7 | 3.2 |
**Statement Informalization**
| Model | Accuracy |
| ---------------------------------- | -------- |
| Code-davinci-002 (in-context learning)| 62.3 |
| proofGPT-6.7B (in-context learning) | 6.5 |
| proofGPT-1.3B (in-context learning) | 4.3 |
### Data Fields
- `id`: Unique string identifier for the problem.
- `nl_statement`: Natural language theorem statement.
- `nl_proof`: Natural language proof, in LaTeX. Depends on `amsthm, amsmath, amssymb` packages.
- `formal_statement`: Formal theorem statement in Lean 3.
- `src_header`: File header including imports, namespaces, and locales required for the formal statement. Note that local import of [common.lean](https://github.com/zhangir-azerbayev/ProofNet/blob/main/benchmark/benchmark_to_publish/formal/common.lean), which has to be manually downloaded and place in the same directory as your `.lean` file containing the formal statement.
### Authors
Zhangir Azerbayev, Bartosz Piotrowski, Jeremy Avigad | 2,695 | [
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newsroom | 2023-04-05T13:35:54.000Z | [
"task_categories:summarization",
"task_ids:news-articles-summarization",
"annotations_creators:expert-generated",
"language_creators:expert-generated",
"multilinguality:monolingual",
"size_categories:unknown",
"source_datasets:original",
"language:en",
"license:other",
"region:us"
] | null | NEWSROOM is a large dataset for training and evaluating summarization systems.
It contains 1.3 million articles and summaries written by authors and
editors in the newsrooms of 38 major publications.
Dataset features includes:
- text: Input news text.
- summary: Summary for the news.
And additional features:
- title: news title.
- url: url of the news.
- date: date of the article.
- density: extractive density.
- coverage: extractive coverage.
- compression: compression ratio.
- density_bin: low, medium, high.
- coverage_bin: extractive, abstractive.
- compression_bin: low, medium, high.
This dataset can be downloaded upon requests. Unzip all the contents
"train.jsonl, dev.josnl, test.jsonl" to the tfds folder. | @inproceedings{N18-1065,
author = {Grusky, Max and Naaman, Mor and Artzi, Yoav},
title = {NEWSROOM: A Dataset of 1.3 Million Summaries
with Diverse Extractive Strategies},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the
North American Chapter of the Association for
Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies},
year = {2018},
} | 7 | 384 | 2022-03-02T23:29:22 | ---
annotations_creators:
- expert-generated
language_creators:
- expert-generated
language:
- en
license:
- other
multilinguality:
- monolingual
pretty_name: CORNELL NEWSROOM
size_categories:
- unknown
source_datasets:
- original
task_categories:
- summarization
task_ids:
- news-articles-summarization
paperswithcode_id: newsroom
dataset_info:
features:
- name: text
dtype: string
- name: summary
dtype: string
- name: title
dtype: string
- name: url
dtype: string
- name: date
dtype: string
- name: density_bin
dtype: string
- name: coverage_bin
dtype: string
- name: compression_bin
dtype: string
- name: density
dtype: float32
- name: coverage
dtype: float32
- name: compression
dtype: float32
splits:
- name: test
num_bytes: 472446866
num_examples: 108862
- name: train
num_bytes: 4357506078
num_examples: 995041
- name: validation
num_bytes: 473206951
num_examples: 108837
download_size: 0
dataset_size: 5303159895
---
# Dataset Card for "newsroom"
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [https://lil.nlp.cornell.edu/newsroom/index.html](https://lil.nlp.cornell.edu/newsroom/index.html)
- **Repository:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Paper:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.00 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 5.30 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 5.30 GB
### Dataset Summary
NEWSROOM is a large dataset for training and evaluating summarization systems.
It contains 1.3 million articles and summaries written by authors and
editors in the newsrooms of 38 major publications.
Dataset features includes:
- text: Input news text.
- summary: Summary for the news.
And additional features:
- title: news title.
- url: url of the news.
- date: date of the article.
- density: extractive density.
- coverage: extractive coverage.
- compression: compression ratio.
- density_bin: low, medium, high.
- coverage_bin: extractive, abstractive.
- compression_bin: low, medium, high.
This dataset can be downloaded upon requests. Unzip all the contents
"train.jsonl, dev.josnl, test.jsonl" to the `tfds` folder.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Languages
English (`en`).
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
#### default
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.00 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 5.30 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 5.30 GB
An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
"compression": 33.880001068115234,
"compression_bin": "medium",
"coverage": 1.0,
"coverage_bin": "high",
"date": "200600000",
"density": 11.720000267028809,
"density_bin": "extractive",
"summary": "some summary 1",
"text": "some text 1",
"title": "news title 1",
"url": "url.html"
}
```
### Data Fields
The data fields are the same among all splits.
#### default
- `text`: a `string` feature.
- `summary`: a `string` feature.
- `title`: a `string` feature.
- `url`: a `string` feature.
- `date`: a `string` feature.
- `density_bin`: a `string` feature.
- `coverage_bin`: a `string` feature.
- `compression_bin`: a `string` feature.
- `density`: a `float32` feature.
- `coverage`: a `float32` feature.
- `compression`: a `float32` feature.
### Data Splits
| name |train |validation| test |
|-------|-----:|---------:|-----:|
|default|995041| 108837|108862|
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
### Licensing Information
https://cornell.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_6YA3HQ2p75XH4IR
This Dataset Usage Agreement ("Agreement") is a legal agreement with the Cornell Newsroom Summaries Team ("Newsroom") for the Dataset made available to the individual or entity ("Researcher") exercising rights under this Agreement. "Dataset" includes all text, data, information, source code, and any related materials, documentation, files, media, updates or revisions.
The Dataset is intended for non-commercial research and educational purposes only, and is made available free of charge without extending any license or other intellectual property rights. By downloading or using the Dataset, the Researcher acknowledges that they agree to the terms in this Agreement, and represent and warrant that they have authority to do so on behalf of any entity exercising rights under this Agreement. The Researcher accepts and agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Agreement. If the Researcher does not agree to this Agreement, they may not download or use the Dataset.
By sharing content with Newsroom, such as by submitting content to this site or by corresponding with Newsroom contributors, the Researcher grants Newsroom the right to use, reproduce, display, perform, adapt, modify, distribute, have distributed, and promote the content in any form, anywhere and for any purpose, such as for evaluating and comparing summarization systems. Nothing in this Agreement shall obligate Newsroom to provide any support for the Dataset. Any feedback, suggestions, ideas, comments, improvements given by the Researcher related to the Dataset is voluntarily given, and may be used by Newsroom without obligation or restriction of any kind.
The Researcher accepts full responsibility for their use of the Dataset and shall defend indemnify, and hold harmless Newsroom, including their employees, trustees, officers, and agents, against any and all claims arising from the Researcher's use of the Dataset. The Researcher agrees to comply with all laws and regulations as they relate to access to and use of the Dataset and Service including U.S. export jurisdiction and other U.S. and international regulations.
THE DATASET IS PROVIDED "AS IS." NEWSROOM DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. WITHOUT LIMITATION OF THE ABOVE, NEWSROOM DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTY THAT DATASET IS BUG OR ERROR-FREE, AND GRANTS NO WARRANTY REGARDING ITS USE OR THE RESULTS THEREFROM INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ITS CORRECTNESS, ACCURACY, OR RELIABILITY. THE DATASET IS NOT WARRANTIED TO FULFILL ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSES OR NEEDS.
TO THE EXTENT NOT PROHIBITED BY LAW, IN NO EVENT SHALL NEWSROOM BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOSS, DAMAGE OR INJURY, DIRECT AND INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE, ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF PROFITS, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. THESE LIMITATIONS SHALL APPLY NOTWITHSTANDING ANY FAILURE OF ESSENTIAL PURPOSE OF ANY LIMITED REMEDY.
This Agreement is effective until terminated. Newsroom reserves the right to terminate the Researcher's access to the Dataset at any time. If the Researcher breaches this Agreement, the Researcher's rights to use the Dataset shall terminate automatically. The Researcher will immediately cease all use and distribution of the Dataset and destroy any copies or portions of the Dataset in their possession.
This Agreement is governed by the laws of the State of New York, without regard to conflict of law principles. All terms and provisions of this Agreement shall, if possible, be construed in a manner which makes them valid, but in the event any term or provision of this Agreement is found by a court of competent jurisdiction to be illegal or unenforceable, the validity or enforceability of the remainder of this Agreement shall not be affected.
This Agreement is the complete and exclusive agreement between the parties with respect to its subject matter and supersedes all prior or contemporaneous oral or written agreements or understandings relating to the subject matter.
### Citation Information
```
@inproceedings{N18-1065,
author = {Grusky, Max and Naaman, Mor and Artzi, Yoav},
title = {NEWSROOM: A Dataset of 1.3 Million Summaries
with Diverse Extractive Strategies},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the
North American Chapter of the Association for
Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies},
year = {2018},
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@lewtun](https://github.com/lewtun), [@patrickvonplaten](https://github.com/patrickvonplaten), [@yoavartzi](https://github.com/yoavartzi), [@thomwolf](https://github.com/thomwolf) for adding this dataset. | 11,776 | [
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] |
roszcz/pianofor-ai-masked-v3 | 2023-10-03T06:40:30.000Z | [
"region:us"
] | roszcz | null | null | 0 | 384 | 2023-10-03T05:13:08 | ---
dataset_info:
features:
- name: pitch
sequence: int8
length: 90
- name: start
sequence: float64
length: 90
- name: dstart
sequence: float64
length: 90
- name: end
sequence: float64
length: 90
- name: duration
sequence: float64
length: 90
- name: velocity
sequence: int8
length: 90
- name: source
dtype: string
- name: masking_space
struct:
- name: <Random Mask>
sequence: bool
length: 90
- name: <LH Mask>
sequence: bool
length: 90
- name: <RH Mask>
sequence: bool
length: 90
- name: <Harmonic Root Mask>
sequence: bool
length: 90
- name: <Harmonic Outliers Mask>
sequence: bool
length: 90
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 18556593981
num_examples: 5475939
download_size: 18858529237
dataset_size: 18556593981
---
# Dataset Card for "pianofor-ai-masked-v3"
[More Information needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards) | 1,063 | [
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tasksource/oasst1_pairwise_rlhf_reward | 2023-07-04T17:47:46.000Z | [
"language:en",
"language:es",
"language:ru",
"language:de",
"language:pl",
"language:th",
"language:vi",
"language:sv",
"language:bn",
"language:da",
"language:he",
"language:it",
"language:fa",
"language:sk",
"language:id",
"language:nb",
"language:el",
"language:nl",
"language:hu",
"language:eu",
"language:zh",
"language:eo",
"language:ja",
"language:ca",
"language:cs",
"language:bg",
"language:fi",
"language:pt",
"language:tr",
"language:ro",
"language:ar",
"language:uk",
"language:gl",
"language:fr",
"language:ko",
"region:us"
] | tasksource | null | null | 19 | 383 | 2023-05-09T09:16:01 | ---
dataset_info:
features:
- name: lang
dtype: string
- name: parent_id
dtype: string
- name: prompt
dtype: string
- name: chosen
dtype: string
- name: rejected
dtype: string
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 40736437
num_examples: 17966
- name: validation
num_bytes: 2152443
num_examples: 952
download_size: 22371458
dataset_size: 42888880
language:
- en
- es
- ru
- de
- pl
- th
- vi
- sv
- bn
- da
- he
- it
- fa
- sk
- id
- nb
- el
- nl
- hu
- eu
- zh
- eo
- ja
- ca
- cs
- bg
- fi
- pt
- tr
- ro
- ar
- uk
- gl
- fr
- ko
---
# Dataset Card for "oasst1_pairwise_rlhf_reward"
[OASST1 dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenAssistant/oasst1) preprocessed for reward modeling:
```python
import pandas as pd
from datasets import load_dataset,concatenate_datasets, Dataset, DatasetDict
import numpy as np
dataset = load_dataset("OpenAssistant/oasst1")
df=concatenate_datasets(list(dataset.values())).to_pandas()
m2t=df.set_index("message_id")['text'].to_dict()
m2r=df.set_index("message_id")['role'].to_dict()
m2p=df.set_index('message_id')['parent_id'].to_dict()
m2history=dict() # message id to unrolled history
for k,v in m2p.items():
history=[k]
while history[-1] in m2p:
history+=[m2p[history[-1]]]
m2history[k]="\n".join([f"{m2r[m]}: {m2t[m]}" for m in history[::-1] if m])
d=dict()
for split in "train","validation":
df=dataset[split].to_pandas()
df['prompt']=df.parent_id.map(lambda x: m2history.get(x,''))
df=df[~df['rank'].isna()]
def agg(x):
x=list(x)
return [x[0],x[-1]]
df=df.groupby(['prompt',"parent_id",'lang'])[['text','rank']].agg(agg).reset_index()
df=df[df['rank'].map(lambda x:len(set(x))>1)]
df['chosen'] = df.apply(lambda x:x['text'][np.argmin(x['rank'])],axis=1)
df['rejected'] = df.apply(lambda x:x['text'][np.argmax(x['rank'])],axis=1)
d[split]=Dataset.from_pandas(df[['lang','parent_id','prompt','chosen','rejected']],preserve_index=False)
DatasetDict(d).push_to_hub('tasksource/oasst1_pairwise_rlhf_reward')
``` | 2,101 | [
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jigsaw_unintended_bias | 2023-01-25T14:33:20.000Z | [
"task_categories:text-classification",
"task_ids:text-scoring",
"annotations_creators:crowdsourced",
"language_creators:crowdsourced",
"multilinguality:monolingual",
"size_categories:1M<n<10M",
"source_datasets:original",
"language:en",
"license:cc0-1.0",
"toxicity-prediction",
"region:us"
] | null | A collection of comments from the defunct Civil Comments platform that have been annotated for their toxicity. | null | 3 | 381 | 2022-03-02T23:29:22 | ---
annotations_creators:
- crowdsourced
language_creators:
- crowdsourced
language:
- en
license:
- cc0-1.0
multilinguality:
- monolingual
size_categories:
- 1M<n<10M
source_datasets:
- original
task_categories:
- text-classification
task_ids:
- text-scoring
pretty_name: Jigsaw Unintended Bias in Toxicity Classification
tags:
- toxicity-prediction
dataset_info:
features:
- name: target
dtype: float32
- name: comment_text
dtype: string
- name: severe_toxicity
dtype: float32
- name: obscene
dtype: float32
- name: identity_attack
dtype: float32
- name: insult
dtype: float32
- name: threat
dtype: float32
- name: asian
dtype: float32
- name: atheist
dtype: float32
- name: bisexual
dtype: float32
- name: black
dtype: float32
- name: buddhist
dtype: float32
- name: christian
dtype: float32
- name: female
dtype: float32
- name: heterosexual
dtype: float32
- name: hindu
dtype: float32
- name: homosexual_gay_or_lesbian
dtype: float32
- name: intellectual_or_learning_disability
dtype: float32
- name: jewish
dtype: float32
- name: latino
dtype: float32
- name: male
dtype: float32
- name: muslim
dtype: float32
- name: other_disability
dtype: float32
- name: other_gender
dtype: float32
- name: other_race_or_ethnicity
dtype: float32
- name: other_religion
dtype: float32
- name: other_sexual_orientation
dtype: float32
- name: physical_disability
dtype: float32
- name: psychiatric_or_mental_illness
dtype: float32
- name: transgender
dtype: float32
- name: white
dtype: float32
- name: created_date
dtype: string
- name: publication_id
dtype: int32
- name: parent_id
dtype: float32
- name: article_id
dtype: int32
- name: rating
dtype:
class_label:
names:
'0': rejected
'1': approved
- name: funny
dtype: int32
- name: wow
dtype: int32
- name: sad
dtype: int32
- name: likes
dtype: int32
- name: disagree
dtype: int32
- name: sexual_explicit
dtype: float32
- name: identity_annotator_count
dtype: int32
- name: toxicity_annotator_count
dtype: int32
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 914264058
num_examples: 1804874
- name: test_private_leaderboard
num_bytes: 49188921
num_examples: 97320
- name: test_public_leaderboard
num_bytes: 49442360
num_examples: 97320
download_size: 0
dataset_size: 1012895339
---
# Dataset Card for Jigsaw Unintended Bias in Toxicity Classification
## Table of Contents
- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** https://www.kaggle.com/c/jigsaw-unintended-bias-in-toxicity-classification
- **Repository:**
- **Paper:**
- **Leaderboard:** https://www.kaggle.com/c/jigsaw-unintended-bias-in-toxicity-classification/leaderboard
- **Point of Contact:**
### Dataset Summary
The Jigsaw Unintended Bias in Toxicity Classification dataset comes from the eponymous Kaggle competition.
Please see the original [data](https://www.kaggle.com/c/jigsaw-unintended-bias-in-toxicity-classification/data)
description for more information.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
The main target for this dataset is toxicity prediction. Several toxicity subtypes are also available, so the dataset
can be used for multi-attribute prediction.
See the original [leaderboard](https://www.kaggle.com/c/jigsaw-unintended-bias-in-toxicity-classification/leaderboard)
for reference.
### Languages
English
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
A data point consists of an id, a comment, the main target, the other toxicity subtypes as well as identity attributes.
For instance, here's the first train example.
```
{
"article_id": 2006,
"asian": NaN,
"atheist": NaN,
"bisexual": NaN,
"black": NaN,
"buddhist": NaN,
"christian": NaN,
"comment_text": "This is so cool. It's like, 'would you want your mother to read this??' Really great idea, well done!",
"created_date": "2015-09-29 10:50:41.987077+00",
"disagree": 0,
"female": NaN,
"funny": 0,
"heterosexual": NaN,
"hindu": NaN,
"homosexual_gay_or_lesbian": NaN,
"identity_annotator_count": 0,
"identity_attack": 0.0,
"insult": 0.0,
"intellectual_or_learning_disability": NaN,
"jewish": NaN,
"latino": NaN,
"likes": 0,
"male": NaN,
"muslim": NaN,
"obscene": 0.0,
"other_disability": NaN,
"other_gender": NaN,
"other_race_or_ethnicity": NaN,
"other_religion": NaN,
"other_sexual_orientation": NaN,
"parent_id": NaN,
"physical_disability": NaN,
"psychiatric_or_mental_illness": NaN,
"publication_id": 2,
"rating": 0,
"sad": 0,
"severe_toxicity": 0.0,
"sexual_explicit": 0.0,
"target": 0.0,
"threat": 0.0,
"toxicity_annotator_count": 4,
"transgender": NaN,
"white": NaN,
"wow": 0
}
```
### Data Fields
- `id`: id of the comment
- `target`: value between 0(non-toxic) and 1(toxic) classifying the comment
- `comment_text`: the text of the comment
- `severe_toxicity`: value between 0(non-severe_toxic) and 1(severe_toxic) classifying the comment
- `obscene`: value between 0(non-obscene) and 1(obscene) classifying the comment
- `identity_attack`: value between 0(non-identity_hate) or 1(identity_hate) classifying the comment
- `insult`: value between 0(non-insult) or 1(insult) classifying the comment
- `threat`: value between 0(non-threat) and 1(threat) classifying the comment
- For a subset of rows, columns containing whether the comment mentions the entities (they may contain NaNs):
- `male`
- `female`
- `transgender`
- `other_gender`
- `heterosexual`
- `homosexual_gay_or_lesbian`
- `bisexual`
- `other_sexual_orientation`
- `christian`
- `jewish`
- `muslim`
- `hindu`
- `buddhist`
- `atheist`
- `other_religion`
- `black`
- `white`
- `asian`
- `latino`
- `other_race_or_ethnicity`
- `physical_disability`
- `intellectual_or_learning_disability`
- `psychiatric_or_mental_illness`
- `other_disability`
- Other metadata related to the source of the comment, such as creation date, publication id, number of likes,
number of annotators, etc:
- `created_date`
- `publication_id`
- `parent_id`
- `article_id`
- `rating`
- `funny`
- `wow`
- `sad`
- `likes`
- `disagree`
- `sexual_explicit`
- `identity_annotator_count`
- `toxicity_annotator_count`
### Data Splits
There are four splits:
- train: The train dataset as released during the competition. Contains labels and identity information for a
subset of rows.
- test: The train dataset as released during the competition. Does not contain labels nor identity information.
- test_private_expanded: The private leaderboard test set, including toxicity labels and subgroups. The competition target was a binarized version of the toxicity column, which can be easily reconstructed using a >=0.5 threshold.
- test_public_expanded: The public leaderboard test set, including toxicity labels and subgroups. The competition target was a binarized version of the toxicity column, which can be easily reconstructed using a >=0.5 threshold.
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
The dataset was created to help in efforts to identify and curb instances of toxicity online.
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed]
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[More Information Needed]
### Licensing Information
This dataset is released under CC0, as is the underlying comment text.
### Citation Information
No citation is available for this dataset, though you may link to the [kaggle](https://www.kaggle.com/c/jigsaw-unintended-bias-in-toxicity-classification) competition
### Contributions
Thanks to [@iwontbecreative](https://github.com/iwontbecreative) for adding this dataset. | 9,496 | [
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SetFit/mnli | 2022-02-28T13:53:53.000Z | [
"region:us"
] | SetFit | null | null | 2 | 381 | 2022-03-02T23:29:22 | # Glue MNLI
This dataset is a port of the official [`mnli` dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/glue/viewer/mnli/train) on the Hub.
It contains the matched version.
Note that the premise and hypothesis columns have been renamed to text1 and text2 respectively.
Also, the test split is not labeled; the label column values are always -1.
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MBZUAI/LaMini-instruction | 2023-04-30T11:01:41.000Z | [
"task_categories:text2text-generation",
"size_categories:1M<n<10M",
"language:en",
"license:cc-by-nc-4.0",
"arxiv:2304.14402",
"region:us"
] | MBZUAI | null | null | 104 | 380 | 2023-04-08T07:48:12 | ---
license: cc-by-nc-4.0
task_categories:
- text2text-generation
language:
- en
size_categories:
- 1M<n<10M
dataset_info:
features:
- name: instruction
dtype: string
- name: response
dtype: string
- name: instruction_source
dtype: string
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 1162632572
num_examples: 2585615
download_size: 704293718
dataset_size: 1162632572
---
# Dataset Card for "LaMini-Instruction"
<p align="center" width="100%">
<a><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mbzuai-nlp/lamini-lm/main/images/lamini.png" alt="Title" style="width: 100%; min-width: 300px; display: block; margin: auto;"></a>
</p>
<p align="center"> <a href="https://twitter.com/WuMinghao_nlp" target="_blank">Minghao Wu</a>, <a href="https://twitter.com/MacAbdul9" target="_blank">Abdul Waheed</a>, <a href="https://chiyuzhang94.github.io/" target="_blank">Chiyu Zhang</a>, <a href="https://mageed.arts.ubc.ca/" target="_blank">Muhammad Abdul-Mageed</a>, <a href="https://afaji.github.io/" target="_blank">Alham Fikri Aji</a>,</p>
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
## Dataset Description
We distill the knowledge from large language models by performing sentence/offline distillation (Kim and Rush, 2016). We generate a total of **2.58M** pairs of instructions and responses using [`gpt-3.5-turbo`](https://openai.com/api/) based on several existing resources of prompts, including [self-instruct](https://github.com/yizhongw/self-instruct) (Wang et al., 2022), [P3](https://huggingface.co/datasets/bigscience/P3) (Sanh et al., 2022), [FLAN](https://github.com/google-research/FLAN) (Longpre et al., 2023) and [Alpaca](https://github.com/tatsu-lab/stanford_alpaca) (Taori et al., 2023). More information about the process for generating our instruction dataset, please refer to [our paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.14402).
We use LaMini-Instruction to fine-tune various small-sized language models, resulting in [LaMini-LM model series](https://github.com/mbzuai-nlp/laMini-LM#models).
Each sample contain the following two fields:
* `instruction`: `string`, describes the task that the model is expected to perform.
* `response`: `string`, the response to the instruction as generated by `gpt-3.5-turbo`.
* `instruction_source`: `string`, the source of a instruction. The possible values are `{'alpaca', 'generated_flan', 'generated_p3', 'original_flan', 'original_p3', 'self_instruct_with_topic', 'self_instruct_without_topic'}`.
Two examples in our LaMini-instruction data:
```json
{
"instruction": "What is the capital of Australia?\n\nIs Canberra the only city chosen to serve as a capital due to a compromise between Sydney and Melbourne?",
"response": "The capital of Australia is Canberra. Yes, Canberra was chosen as the capital of Australia in 1908 due to a compromise between Sydney and Melbourne, as neither city wanted the other to become the capital.",
"instruction_source": "generated_flan"
}
```
```json
{
"instruction": "Create a poem that has the word \"ocean\" in every other line.",
"response": "The ocean's depth is a mystery,\nIts waves crashing with energy.\nSalt air fills the coastal scene,\nThe ocean's blue hues pure and clean.\n\nSeagulls cry out a melancholy song,\nThe ocean's rhythm steady and strong.\nSunsets paint the water gold,\nThe ocean's secrets forever untold.",
"instruction_source": "self_instruct_without_topic"
}
```
## Considerations for Using the Data
As the output is distilled from ChatGPT, this data contains errors and biases produced by ChatGPT. Models trained with this dataset will inherit the errors and biases. We encourage users to use this data with caution and propose new methods to filter or improve the imperfections.
### Licensing Information
The dataset is available under the [Creative Commons NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode).
### Citation Information
Please cite us if you use our data or models.
```bibtex
@article{lamini-lm,
author = {Minghao Wu and
Abdul Waheed and
Chiyu Zhang and
Muhammad Abdul-Mageed and
Alham Fikri Aji
},
title = {LaMini-LM: A Diverse Herd of Distilled Models from Large-Scale Instructions},
journal = {CoRR},
volume = {abs/2304.14402},
year = {2023},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.14402},
eprinttype = {arXiv},
eprint = {2304.14402}
}
``` | 4,784 | [
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tweet_qa | 2022-11-18T21:57:35.000Z | [
"task_categories:question-answering",
"task_ids:open-domain-qa",
"annotations_creators:crowdsourced",
"language_creators:crowdsourced",
"multilinguality:monolingual",
"size_categories:10K<n<100K",
"source_datasets:original",
"language:en",
"license:cc-by-sa-4.0",
"arxiv:1907.06292",
"region:us"
] | null | TweetQA is the first dataset for QA on social media data by leveraging news media and crowdsourcing. | @inproceedings{xiong2019tweetqa,
title={TweetQA: A Social Media Focused Question Answering Dataset},
author={Xiong, Wenhan and Wu, Jiawei and Wang, Hong and Kulkarni, Vivek and Yu, Mo and Guo, Xiaoxiao and Chang, Shiyu and Wang, William Yang},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
year={2019}
} | 3 | 379 | 2022-03-02T23:29:22 | ---
annotations_creators:
- crowdsourced
language_creators:
- crowdsourced
language:
- en
license:
- cc-by-sa-4.0
multilinguality:
- monolingual
size_categories:
- 10K<n<100K
source_datasets:
- original
task_categories:
- question-answering
task_ids:
- open-domain-qa
paperswithcode_id: tweetqa
pretty_name: TweetQA
dataset_info:
features:
- name: Question
dtype: string
- name: Answer
sequence: string
- name: Tweet
dtype: string
- name: qid
dtype: string
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 2770036
num_examples: 10692
- name: test
num_bytes: 473730
num_examples: 1979
- name: validation
num_bytes: 295435
num_examples: 1086
download_size: 1573980
dataset_size: 3539201
---
# Dataset Card for TweetQA
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [TweetQA homepage](https://tweetqa.github.io/)
- **Repository:**
- **Paper:** [TWEETQA: A Social Media Focused Question Answering Dataset](https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.06292)
- **Leaderboard:** [TweetQA Leaderboard](https://tweetqa.github.io/)
- **Point of Contact:** [Wenhan Xiong](xwhan@cs.ucsb.edu)
### Dataset Summary
With social media becoming increasingly popular on which lots of news and real-time events are reported, developing automated question answering systems is critical to the effectiveness of many applications that rely on real-time knowledge. While previous question answering (QA) datasets have concentrated on formal text like news and Wikipedia, the first large-scale dataset for QA over social media data is presented. To make sure the tweets are meaningful and contain interesting information, tweets used by journalists to write news articles are gathered. Then human annotators are asked to write questions and answers upon these tweets. Unlike other QA datasets like SQuAD in which the answers are extractive, the answer are allowed to be abstractive. The task requires model to read a short tweet and a question and outputs a text phrase (does not need to be in the tweet) as the answer.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
- `question-answering`: The dataset can be used to train a model for Open-Domain Question Answering where the task is to answer the given questions for a tweet. The performance is measured by comparing the model answers to the the annoted groundtruth and calculating the BLEU-1/Meteor/ROUGE-L score. This task has an active leaderboard which can be found [here](https://tweetqa.github.io/) and ranks models based on [BLEU-1](https://huggingface.co/metrics/blue), [Meteor](https://huggingface.co/metrics/meteor) and [ROUGLE-L](https://huggingface.co/metrics/rouge).
### Languages
English.
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
Sample data:
```
{
"Question": "who is the tallest host?",
"Answer": ["sam bee","sam bee"],
"Tweet": "Don't believe @ConanOBrien's height lies. Sam Bee is the tallest host in late night. #alternativefacts\u2014 Full Frontal (@FullFrontalSamB) January 22, 2017",
"qid": "3554ee17d86b678be34c4dc2c04e334f"
}
```
The test split doesn't include answers so the Answer field is an empty list.
### Data Fields
- `Question`: a question based on information from a tweet
- `Answer`: list of possible answers from the tweet
- `Tweet`: source tweet
- `qid`: question id
### Data Splits
The dataset is split in train, validation and test set. The train set cointains 10692 examples, the validation set 1086 and the test set 1979 examples.
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
With social media becoming increasingly popular on which lots of news and real-time events are reported, developing automated question answering systems is critical to the effectiveness of many applications that rely on real-time knowledge. While previous question answering (QA) datasets have concentrated on formal text like news and Wikipedia, the first large-scale dataset for QA over social media data is presented. To make sure the tweets are meaningful and contain interesting information, tweets used by journalists to write news articles are gathered. Then human annotators are asked to write questions and answers upon these tweets. Unlike other QA datasets like SQuAD in which the answers are extractive, the answer are allowed to be abstractive. The task requires model to read a short tweet and a question and outputs a text phrase (does not need to be in the tweet) as the answer.
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
The authors look into the the archived snapshots of two major news websites (CNN, NBC), and then extract the tweet blocks that are embedded in the news articles. In order to get enough data, they first extract the URLs of all section pages (e.g. World, Politics, Money, Tech) from the snapshot of each home page and then crawl all articles with tweets from these section pages. Then, they filter out the tweets that heavily rely on attached media to convey information, for which they utilize a state-of-the-art semantic role labeling model trained on CoNLL-2005 (He et al., 2017) to analyze the predicate-argument structure of the tweets collected from news articles and keep
only the tweets with more than two labeled arguments. This filtering process also automatically
filters out most of the short tweets. For the tweets collected from CNN, 22.8% of them were filtered
via semantic role labeling. For tweets from NBC, 24.1% of the tweets were filtered.
#### Who are the source language producers?
Twitter users.
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
The Amazon Mechanical Turk workers were used to collect question-answer
pairs for the filtered tweets. For each Human Intelligence Task (HIT), the authors ask the worker to read three tweets and write two question-answer pairs for each tweet. To ensure the quality, they require the workers to be located in major English speaking countries (i.e. Canada, US, and UK) and have an acceptance rate larger than 95%. Since the authors use tweets as context, lots of important information are contained in hashtags or even emojis. Instead of only showing the text to the workers, they use javascript to directly embed the whole tweet into each HIT. This gives workers the same experience as reading tweets via web browsers and help them to better compose questions. To avoid trivial questions that can be simply answered by superficial text matching methods or too challenging questions that require background knowledge, the authors explicitly state the following items in the HIT instructions for question writing:
- No Yes-no questions should be asked.
- The question should have at least five words.
- Videos, images or inserted links should not
be considered.
- No background knowledge should be required to answer the question.
To help the workers better follow the instructions, they also include a representative example showing both good and bad questions or answers in the instructions. As for the answers, since the context they consider is relatively shorter than the context of previous datasets, they do not restrict the answers to be in the tweet, otherwise, the task may potentially be simplified as a classification problem. The workers are allowed to write their answers in their own words, but the authors require the answers to be brief and can be directly inferred from the tweets. After they retrieve the QA pairs from all HITs, they conduct further post-filtering to filter out the pairs from workers that obviously do not follow instructions. They remove QA pairs with yes/no answers. Questions with less than five words are also filtered out. This process filtered 13% of the QA pairs. The dataset now includes 10,898 articles, 17,794 tweets, and 13,757 crowdsourced question-answer pairs. All QA pairs were written by 492 individual workers.
#### Who are the annotators?
Amazon Mechanical Turk workers.
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
From the paper:
> It is also worth noting that the data collected from social media can not only capture events and developments in real-time but also capture individual opinions and thus requires reasoning related to the authorship of the content as is illustrated in Table 1.
> Specifically, a significant amount of questions require certain reasoning skills that are specific to social media data:
- Understanding authorship: Since tweets are highly personal, it is critical to understand how questions/tweets related to the authors.
- Oral English & Tweet English: Tweets are often oral and informal. QA over tweets requires the understanding of common oral English. Our TWEETQA also requires understanding some tweet-specific English, like conversation-style English.
- Understanding of user IDs & hashtags: Tweets often contains user IDs and hashtags, which are single special tokens. Understanding these special tokens is important to answer person- or event-related questions.
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
The annotated answers are validated by the authors as follows:
For the purposes of human performance evaluation and inter-annotator agreement checking, the authors launch a different set of HITs to ask workers to answer questions in the test and development set. The workers are shown with the tweet blocks as well as the questions collected in the previous step. At this step, workers are allowed to label the questions as “NA” if they think the questions are not answerable. They find that 3.1% of the questions are labeled as unanswerable by the workers (for SQuAD, the ratio is 2.6%). Since the answers collected at this step and previous step are written by different workers, the answers can be written in different text forms even they are semantically equal to each other. For example, one answer can be “Hillary Clinton” while the other is “@HillaryClinton”. As it is not straightforward to automatically calculate the overall agreement, they manually check the agreement on a subset of 200 random samples from the development set and ask an independent human moderator to verify the result. It turns out that 90% of the answers pairs are semantically equivalent, 2% of them are partially equivalent (one of them is incomplete) and 8% are totally inconsistent. The answers collected at this step are also used to measure the human performance. 59 individual workers participated in this process.
### Dataset Curators
Xiong, Wenhan and Wu, Jiawei and Wang, Hong and Kulkarni, Vivek and Yu, Mo and Guo, Xiaoxiao and Chang, Shiyu and Wang, William Yang.
### Licensing Information
CC BY-SA 4.0.
### Citation Information
```
@inproceedings{xiong2019tweetqa,
title={TweetQA: A Social Media Focused Question Answering Dataset},
author={Xiong, Wenhan and Wu, Jiawei and Wang, Hong and Kulkarni, Vivek and Yu, Mo and Guo, Xiaoxiao and Chang, Shiyu and Wang, William Yang},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
year={2019}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@anaerobeth](https://github.com/anaerobeth) for adding this dataset. | 12,245 | [
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HuggingFaceH4/CodeAlpaca_20K | 2023-03-28T17:26:28.000Z | [
"task_categories:text-generation",
"license:cc",
"region:us"
] | HuggingFaceH4 | null | null | 39 | 379 | 2023-03-28T17:18:25 | ---
license: cc
task_categories:
- text-generation
---
This dataset splits the original [CodeAlpaca dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sahil2801/CodeAlpaca-20k) into train and test splits. | 195 | [
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numer_sense | 2022-11-18T21:34:07.000Z | [
"task_categories:text-generation",
"task_categories:fill-mask",
"task_ids:slot-filling",
"annotations_creators:expert-generated",
"language_creators:crowdsourced",
"multilinguality:monolingual",
"size_categories:10K<n<100K",
"source_datasets:extended|other",
"language:en",
"license:mit",
"arxiv:2005.00683",
"region:us"
] | null | NumerSense is a new numerical commonsense reasoning probing task, with a diagnostic dataset consisting of 3,145 masked-word-prediction probes.
We propose to study whether numerical commonsense knowledge can be induced from pre-trained language models like BERT, and to what extent this access to knowledge robust against adversarial examples is. We hope this will be beneficial for tasks such as knowledge base completion and open-domain question answering. | @inproceedings{lin2020numersense,
title={Birds have four legs?! NumerSense: Probing Numerical Commonsense Knowledge of Pre-trained Language Models},
author={Bill Yuchen Lin and Seyeon Lee and Rahul Khanna and Xiang Ren},
booktitle={Proceedings of EMNLP},
year={2020},
note={to appear}
} | 1 | 378 | 2022-03-02T23:29:22 | ---
annotations_creators:
- expert-generated
language_creators:
- crowdsourced
language:
- en
license:
- mit
multilinguality:
- monolingual
size_categories:
- 10K<n<100K
source_datasets:
- extended|other
task_categories:
- text-generation
- fill-mask
task_ids:
- slot-filling
paperswithcode_id: numersense
pretty_name: NumerSense
dataset_info:
features:
- name: sentence
dtype: string
- name: target
dtype: string
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 825865
num_examples: 10444
- name: test_core
num_bytes: 62652
num_examples: 1132
- name: test_all
num_bytes: 184180
num_examples: 3146
download_size: 985463
dataset_size: 1072697
---
# Dataset Card for [Dataset Name]
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** https://inklab.usc.edu/NumerSense/
- **Repository:** https://github.com/INK-USC/NumerSense
- **Paper:** https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.00683
- **Leaderboard:** https://inklab.usc.edu/NumerSense/#exp
- **Point of Contact:** Author emails listed in [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.00683)
### Dataset Summary
NumerSense is a new numerical commonsense reasoning probing task, with a diagnostic dataset consisting of 3,145
masked-word-prediction probes. The general idea is to mask numbers between 0-10 in sentences mined from a commonsense
corpus and evaluate whether a language model can correctly predict the masked value.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
The dataset supports the task of slot-filling, specifically as an evaluation of numerical common sense. A leaderboard
is included on the [dataset webpage](https://inklab.usc.edu/NumerSense/#exp) with included benchmarks for GPT-2,
RoBERTa, BERT, and human performance. Leaderboards are included for both the core set and the adversarial set
discussed below.
### Languages
This dataset is in English.
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
Each instance consists of a sentence with a masked numerical value between 0-10 and (in the train set) a target.
Example from the training set:
```
sentence: Black bears are about <mask> metres tall.
target: two
```
### Data Fields
Each value of the training set consists of:
- `sentence`: The sentence with a number masked out with the `<mask>` token.
- `target`: The ground truth target value. Since the test sets do not include the ground truth, the `target` field
values are empty strings in the `test_core` and `test_all` splits.
### Data Splits
The dataset includes the following pre-defined data splits:
- A train set with >10K labeled examples (i.e. containing a ground truth value)
- A core test set (`test_core`) with 1,132 examples (no ground truth provided)
- An expanded test set (`test_all`) encompassing `test_core` with the addition of adversarial examples for a total of
3,146 examples. See section 2.2 of [the paper] for a discussion of how these examples are constructed.
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
The purpose of this dataset is "to study whether PTLMs capture numerical commonsense knowledge, i.e., commonsense
knowledge that provides an understanding of the numeric relation between entities." This work is motivated by the
prior research exploring whether language models possess _commonsense knowledge_.
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
The dataset is an extension of the [Open Mind Common Sense](https://huggingface.co/datasets/open_mind_common_sense)
corpus. A query was performed to discover sentences containing numbers between 0-12, after which the resulting
sentences were manually evaluated for inaccuracies, typos, and the expression of commonsense knowledge. The numerical
values were then masked.
#### Who are the source language producers?
The [Open Mind Common Sense](https://huggingface.co/datasets/open_mind_common_sense) corpus, from which this dataset
is sourced, is a crowdsourced dataset maintained by the MIT Media Lab.
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
No annotations are present in this dataset beyond the `target` values automatically sourced from the masked
sentences, as discussed above.
#### Who are the annotators?
The curation and inspection was done in two rounds by graduate students.
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
The motivation of measuring a model's ability to associate numerical values with real-world concepts appears
relatively innocuous. However, as discussed in the following section, the source dataset may well have biases encoded
from crowdworkers, particularly in terms of factoid coverage. A model's ability to perform well on this benchmark
should therefore not be considered evidence that it is more unbiased or objective than a human performing similar
tasks.
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
This dataset is sourced from a crowdsourced commonsense knowledge base. While the information contained in the graph
is generally considered to be of high quality, the coverage is considered to very low as a representation of all
possible commonsense knowledge. The representation of certain factoids may also be skewed by the demographics of the
crowdworkers. As one possible example, the term "homophobia" is connected with "Islam" in the ConceptNet knowledge
base, but not with any other religion or group, possibly due to the biases of crowdworkers contributing to the
project.
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
This dataset was collected by Bill Yuchen Lin, Seyeon Lee, Rahul Khanna, and Xiang Ren, Computer Science researchers
at the at the University of Southern California.
### Licensing Information
The data is hosted in a GitHub repositor with the
[MIT License](https://github.com/INK-USC/NumerSense/blob/main/LICENSE).
### Citation Information
```
@inproceedings{lin2020numersense,
title={Birds have four legs?! NumerSense: Probing Numerical Commonsense Knowledge of Pre-trained Language Models},
author={Bill Yuchen Lin and Seyeon Lee and Rahul Khanna and Xiang Ren},
booktitle={Proceedings of EMNLP},
year={2020},
note={to appear}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@joeddav](https://github.com/joeddav) for adding this dataset. | 7,305 | [
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head_qa | 2023-06-01T14:59:51.000Z | [
"task_categories:question-answering",
"task_ids:multiple-choice-qa",
"annotations_creators:no-annotation",
"language_creators:expert-generated",
"multilinguality:monolingual",
"size_categories:1K<n<10K",
"source_datasets:original",
"language:en",
"language:es",
"license:mit",
"region:us"
] | null | HEAD-QA is a multi-choice HEAlthcare Dataset. The questions come from exams to access a specialized position in the
Spanish healthcare system, and are challenging even for highly specialized humans. They are designed by the Ministerio
de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social.
The dataset contains questions about the following topics: medicine, nursing, psychology, chemistry, pharmacology and biology. | @inproceedings{vilares-gomez-rodriguez-2019-head,
title = "{HEAD}-{QA}: A Healthcare Dataset for Complex Reasoning",
author = "Vilares, David and
G{\'o}mez-Rodr{\'i}guez, Carlos",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
month = jul,
year = "2019",
address = "Florence, Italy",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P19-1092",
doi = "10.18653/v1/P19-1092",
pages = "960--966",
abstract = "We present HEAD-QA, a multi-choice question answering testbed to encourage research on complex reasoning. The questions come from exams to access a specialized position in the Spanish healthcare system, and are challenging even for highly specialized humans. We then consider monolingual (Spanish) and cross-lingual (to English) experiments with information retrieval and neural techniques. We show that: (i) HEAD-QA challenges current methods, and (ii) the results lag well behind human performance, demonstrating its usefulness as a benchmark for future work.",
} | 7 | 376 | 2022-03-02T23:29:22 | ---
annotations_creators:
- no-annotation
language_creators:
- expert-generated
language:
- en
- es
license:
- mit
multilinguality:
- monolingual
size_categories:
- 1K<n<10K
source_datasets:
- original
task_categories:
- question-answering
task_ids:
- multiple-choice-qa
paperswithcode_id: headqa
pretty_name: HEAD-QA
dataset_info:
- config_name: es
features:
- name: name
dtype: string
- name: year
dtype: string
- name: category
dtype: string
- name: qid
dtype: int32
- name: qtext
dtype: string
- name: ra
dtype: int32
- name: image
dtype: image
- name: answers
list:
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splits:
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num_examples: 2657
- name: test
num_bytes: 1204006
num_examples: 2742
- name: validation
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num_examples: 1366
download_size: 79365502
dataset_size: 3007038
- config_name: en
features:
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dtype: string
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dtype: string
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dtype: string
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dtype: int32
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num_examples: 2742
- name: validation
num_bytes: 539892
num_examples: 1366
download_size: 79365502
dataset_size: 2828236
config_names:
- en
- es
---
# Dataset Card for HEAD-QA
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [HEAD-QA homepage](https://aghie.github.io/head-qa/)
- **Repository:** [HEAD-QA repository](https://github.com/aghie/head-qa)
- **Paper:** [HEAD-QA: A Healthcare Dataset for Complex Reasoning](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P19-1092/)
- **Leaderboard:** [HEAD-QA leaderboard](https://aghie.github.io/head-qa/#leaderboard-general)
- **Point of Contact:** [María Grandury](mailto:mariagrandury@gmail.com) (Dataset Submitter)
### Dataset Summary
HEAD-QA is a multi-choice HEAlthcare Dataset. The questions come from exams to access a specialized position in the
Spanish healthcare system, and are challenging even for highly specialized humans. They are designed by the
[Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social](https://www.mscbs.gob.es/), who also provides direct
[access](https://fse.mscbs.gob.es/fseweb/view/public/datosanteriores/cuadernosExamen/busquedaConvocatoria.xhtml)
to the exams of the last 5 years (in Spanish).
```
Date of the last update of the documents object of the reuse: January, 14th, 2019.
```
HEAD-QA tries to make these questions accesible for the Natural Language Processing community. We hope it is an useful resource towards achieving better QA systems. The dataset contains questions about the following topics:
- Medicine
- Nursing
- Psychology
- Chemistry
- Pharmacology
- Biology
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
- `multiple-choice-qa`: HEAD-QA is a multi-choice question answering testbed to encourage research on complex reasoning.
### Languages
The questions and answers are available in both Spanish (BCP-47 code: 'es-ES') and English (BCP-47 code: 'en').
The language by default is Spanish:
```
from datasets import load_dataset
data_es = load_dataset('head_qa')
data_en = load_dataset('head_qa', 'en')
```
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
A typical data point comprises a question `qtext`, multiple possible answers `atext` and the right answer `ra`.
An example from the HEAD-QA dataset looks as follows:
```
{
'qid': '1',
'category': 'biology',
'qtext': 'Los potenciales postsinápticos excitadores:',
'answers': [
{
'aid': 1,
'atext': 'Son de tipo todo o nada.'
},
{
'aid': 2,
'atext': 'Son hiperpolarizantes.'
},
{
'aid': 3,
'atext': 'Se pueden sumar.'
},
{
'aid': 4,
'atext': 'Se propagan a largas distancias.'
},
{
'aid': 5,
'atext': 'Presentan un periodo refractario.'
}],
'ra': '3',
'image': <PIL.PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile image mode=RGB size=675x538 at 0x1B42B6A1668>,
'name': 'Cuaderno_2013_1_B',
'year': '2013'
}
```
### Data Fields
- `qid`: question identifier (int)
- `category`: category of the question: "medicine", "nursing", "psychology", "chemistry", "pharmacology", "biology"
- `qtext`: question text
- `answers`: list of possible answers. Each element of the list is a dictionary with 2 keys:
- `aid`: answer identifier (int)
- `atext`: answer text
- `ra`: `aid` of the right answer (int)
- `image`: (optional) a `PIL.Image.Image` object containing the image. Note that when accessing the image column: `dataset[0]["image"]` the image file is automatically decoded. Decoding of a large number of image files might take a significant amount of time. Thus it is important to first query the sample index before the `"image"` column, *i.e.* `dataset[0]["image"]` should **always** be preferred over `dataset["image"][0]`
- `name`: name of the exam from which the question was extracted
- `year`: year in which the exam took place
### Data Splits
The data is split into train, validation and test set for each of the two languages. The split sizes are as follow:
| | Train | Val | Test |
| ----- | ------ | ----- | ---- |
| Spanish | 2657 | 1366 | 2742 |
| English | 2657 | 1366 | 2742 |
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
As motivation for the creation of this dataset, here is the abstract of the paper:
"We present HEAD-QA, a multi-choice question answering testbed to encourage research on complex reasoning. The questions
come from exams to access a specialized position in the Spanish healthcare system, and are challenging even for highly
specialized humans. We then consider monolingual (Spanish) and cross-lingual (to English) experiments with information
retrieval and neural techniques. We show that: (i) HEAD-QA challenges current methods, and (ii) the results lag well
behind human performance, demonstrating its usefulness as a benchmark for future work."
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
The questions come from exams to access a specialized position in the Spanish healthcare system, and are designed by the
[Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social](https://www.mscbs.gob.es/), who also provides direct
[access](https://fse.mscbs.gob.es/fseweb/view/public/datosanteriores/cuadernosExamen/busquedaConvocatoria.xhtml)
to the exams of the last 5 years (in Spanish).
#### Who are the source language producers?
The dataset was created by David Vilares and Carlos Gómez-Rodríguez.
### Annotations
The dataset does not contain any additional annotations.
#### Annotation process
[N/A]
#### Who are the annotators?
[N/A]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
The dataset was created by David Vilares and Carlos Gómez-Rodríguez.
### Licensing Information
According to the [HEAD-QA homepage](https://aghie.github.io/head-qa/#legal-requirements):
The Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Biniestar Social allows the redistribution of the exams and their content under [certain conditions:](https://www.mscbs.gob.es/avisoLegal/home.htm)
- The denaturalization of the content of the information is prohibited in any circumstance.
- The user is obliged to cite the source of the documents subject to reuse.
- The user is obliged to indicate the date of the last update of the documents object of the reuse.
According to the [HEAD-QA repository](https://github.com/aghie/head-qa/blob/master/LICENSE):
The dataset is licensed under the [MIT License](https://mit-license.org/).
### Citation Information
```
@inproceedings{vilares-gomez-rodriguez-2019-head,
title = "{HEAD}-{QA}: A Healthcare Dataset for Complex Reasoning",
author = "Vilares, David and
G{\'o}mez-Rodr{\'i}guez, Carlos",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
month = jul,
year = "2019",
address = "Florence, Italy",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P19-1092",
doi = "10.18653/v1/P19-1092",
pages = "960--966",
abstract = "We present HEAD-QA, a multi-choice question answering testbed to encourage research on complex reasoning. The questions come from exams to access a specialized position in the Spanish healthcare system, and are challenging even for highly specialized humans. We then consider monolingual (Spanish) and cross-lingual (to English) experiments with information retrieval and neural techniques. We show that: (i) HEAD-QA challenges current methods, and (ii) the results lag well behind human performance, demonstrating its usefulness as a benchmark for future work.",
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@mariagrandury](https://github.com/mariagrandury) for adding this dataset. | 10,260 | [
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kyujinpy/OpenOrca-KO | 2023-10-12T19:55:47.000Z | [
"task_categories:conversational",
"task_categories:text-classification",
"task_categories:token-classification",
"task_categories:table-question-answering",
"task_categories:question-answering",
"task_categories:zero-shot-classification",
"task_categories:summarization",
"task_categories:feature-extraction",
"task_categories:text-generation",
"task_categories:text2text-generation",
"size_categories:10K<n<50K",
"language:ko",
"license:mit",
"arxiv:2306.02707",
"arxiv:2301.13688",
"region:us"
] | kyujinpy | null | null | 10 | 374 | 2023-09-29T15:26:20 | ---
language:
- ko
license: mit
size_categories:
- 10K<n<50K
task_categories:
- conversational
- text-classification
- token-classification
- table-question-answering
- question-answering
- zero-shot-classification
- summarization
- feature-extraction
- text-generation
- text2text-generation
pretty_name: OpenOrca
configs:
- config_name: default
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/train-*
dataset_info:
features:
- name: id
dtype: string
- name: input
dtype: string
- name: instruction
dtype: string
- name: output
dtype: string
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 44220539
num_examples: 21632
download_size: 22811589
dataset_size: 44220539
---
# OpenOrca-KO
- OpenOrca dataset 중 약 2만개를 sampling하여 번역한 데이터셋
- 데이터셋 이용하셔서 모델이나 데이터셋을 만드실 때, 간단한 출처 표기를 해주신다면 연구에 큰 도움이 됩니다😭😭
## Dataset inf0
1. **NIV** // 1571개
2. **FLAN** // 9434개
3. **T0** // 6351개
4. **CoT** // 2117개
5. **[KoCoT](https://huggingface.co/datasets/kyujinpy/KoCoT_2000)** // 2159개
## Translation
Using DeepL Pro API. Thanks.
---
>Below is original dataset card
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Dataset Attribution](#dataset-attribution)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Dataset Use](#dataset-use)
- [Use Cases](#use-cases)
- [Usage Caveats](#usage-caveats)
- [Getting Started](#getting-started)
<p><h1>🐋 The OpenOrca Dataset! 🐋</h1></p>
<a name="dataset-announcement"></a>
We are thrilled to announce the release of the OpenOrca dataset!
This rich collection of augmented FLAN data aligns, as best as possible, with the distributions outlined in the [Orca paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.02707).
It has been instrumental in generating high-performing model checkpoints and serves as a valuable resource for all NLP researchers and developers!
# Official Models
## OpenOrca-Platypus2-13B
Our [latest release](https://huggingface.co/Open-Orca/OpenOrca-Platypus2-13B), the first 13B model to score higher than LLaMA1-65B on the HuggingFace Leaderboard!
Released in partnership with Platypus.
## LlongOrca 7B & 13B
* Our [first 7B release](https://huggingface.co/Open-Orca/LlongOrca-7B-16k), trained on top of LLongMA2 to achieve 16,000 tokens context. #1 long context 7B model at release time, with >99% of the overall #1 model's performance.
* [LlongOrca-13B-16k](https://huggingface.co/Open-Orca/LlongOrca-13B-16k), trained on top of LLongMA2. #1 long context 13B model at release time, with >97% of the overall #1 model's performance.
## OpenOrcaxOpenChat-Preview2-13B
Our [second model](https://huggingface.co/Open-Orca/OpenOrcaxOpenChat-Preview2-13B), highlighting that we've surpassed the performance reported in the Orca paper.
Was #1 at release time, now surpassed by our own OpenOrca-Platypus2-13B.
Released in partnership with OpenChat.
## OpenOrca-Preview1-13B
[OpenOrca-Preview1-13B](https://huggingface.co/Open-Orca/OpenOrca-Preview1-13B)
This model was trained in less than a day, for <$200, with <10% of our data.
At release, it beat the current state of the art models on BigBench-Hard and AGIEval. Achieves ~60% of the improvements reported in the Orca paper.
<a name="dataset-summary"></a>
# Dataset Summary
The OpenOrca dataset is a collection of augmented [FLAN Collection data](https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.13688).
Currently ~1M GPT-4 completions, and ~3.2M GPT-3.5 completions.
It is tabularized in alignment with the distributions presented in the ORCA paper and currently represents a partial completion of the full intended dataset, with ongoing generation to expand its scope.
The data is primarily used for training and evaluation in the field of natural language processing.
<a name="dataset-attribution"></a>
# Dataset Attribution
We would like to give special recognition to the following contributors for their significant efforts and dedication:
Teknium
WingLian/Caseus
Eric Hartford
NanoBit
Pankaj
Winddude
Rohan
http://AlignmentLab.ai:
Autometa
Entropi
AtlasUnified
NeverendingToast
NanoBit
WingLian/Caseus
Also of course, as always, TheBloke, for being the backbone of the whole community.
Many thanks to NanoBit and Caseus, makers of [Axolotl](https://github.com/OpenAccess-AI-Collective/axolotl), for lending us their expertise on the platform that developed and trained manticore, minotaur, and many others!
We are welcoming sponsors or collaborators to help us build these models to the scale they deserve. Please reach out via our socials:
http://Alignmentlab.ai https://discord.gg/n9hXaBPWxx
Want to visualize our full dataset? Check out our [Nomic Atlas Map](https://atlas.nomic.ai/map/c1b88b47-2d9b-47e0-9002-b80766792582/2560fd25-52fe-42f1-a58f-ff5eccc890d2).
[<img src="https://huggingface.co/Open-Orca/OpenOrca-Preview1-13B/resolve/main/OpenOrca%20Nomic%20Atlas.png" alt="Atlas Nomic Dataset Map" width="400" height="400" />](https://atlas.nomic.ai/map/c1b88b47-2d9b-47e0-9002-b80766792582/2560fd25-52fe-42f1-a58f-ff5eccc890d2)
<a name="supported-tasks-and-leaderboards"></a>
# Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
This dataset supports a range of tasks including language modeling, text generation, and text augmentation.
It has been instrumental in the generation of multiple high-performing model checkpoints which have exhibited exceptional performance in our unit testing.
Further information on leaderboards will be updated as they become available.
<a name="languages"></a>
# Languages
The language of the data is primarily English.
<a name="dataset-structure"></a>
# Dataset Structure
<a name="data-instances"></a>
## Data Instances
A data instance in this dataset represents entries from the FLAN collection which have been augmented by submitting the listed question to either GPT-4 or GPT-3.5.
The response is then entered into the response field.
<a name="data-fields"></a>
## Data Fields
The fields are:
1) 'id', a unique numbered identifier which includes one of 'niv', 't0', 'cot', or 'flan' to represent which source FLAN Collection submix the 'question' is sourced from.
2) 'system_prompt', representing the System Prompt presented to the GPT-3.5 or GPT-4 API for the datapoint
3) 'question', representing a question entry as provided by the FLAN Collection
4) 'response', a response to that question received from a query to either GPT-3.5 or GPT-4.
<a name="data-splits"></a>
## Data Splits
The data is unsplit.
<a name="dataset-creation"></a>
# Dataset Creation
<a name="curation-rationale"></a>
## Curation Rationale
The dataset was created to provide a source of augmented text data for researchers and developers.
The datapoints are intended primarily to provide an enhancement of the core FLAN Collection data which relies upon the detailed step by step reasoning capabilities of GPT-3.5 and GPT-4.
This "reasoning trace" augmentation has demonstrated exceptional results, allowing a LLaMA-13B model trained with this data to rival or beat GPT-3.5 on broad sets of hard reasoning tasks which all models below 100B parameters had previously performed dramatically worse on.
<a name="source-data"></a>
## Source Data
The data is generated using techniques in alignment with the distributions outlined in the Orca paper, except as noted below:
1) There is not enough CoT data in the FLAN Collection to generate 150K zero-shot entries, as the paper purports to use.
We suspect this portion was either undocumented or misrepresented. We have used the ~75K points available.
2) We used the pre-generated FLAN Collection datasets hosted on HuggingFace under conceptofmind, e.g. [conceptofmind/flan2021](https://huggingface.co/datasets/conceptofmind/flan2021_submix_original).
These are referenced by the [official FLAN Collection repo](https://github.com/google-research/FLAN/tree/main/flan/v2) as the preferred data source.
However, these are a subset of the full FLAN Collection data, and have less than the required entries for the flan2021 and t0 submixes, by ~1.25M and 200k respectively.
Combined, this gave us ~1.5M fewer datapoints than in the original Orca paper. Completing the set is an ongoing work.
<a name="dataset-use"></a>
# Dataset Use
<a name="use-cases"></a>
## Use Cases
The dataset can be used for tasks related to language understanding, natural language processing, machine learning model training, and model performance evaluation.
<a name="usage-caveats"></a>
## Usage Caveats
Given that this is a work-in-progress dataset, it is recommended to regularly check for updates and improvements.
Further, the data should be used in accordance with the guidelines and recommendations outlined in the Orca paper.
<a name="getting-started"></a>
## Getting Started
This dataset is organized such that it can be naively loaded via Hugging Face datasets library.
We recommend using streaming due to the large size of the files.
Regular updates and data generation progress can be monitored through the OpenOrca repository on Hugging Face.
# Citation
```bibtex
@misc{OpenOrca,
title = {OpenOrca: An Open Dataset of GPT Augmented FLAN Reasoning Traces},
author = {Wing Lian and Bleys Goodson and Eugene Pentland and Austin Cook and Chanvichet Vong and "Teknium"},
year = {2023},
publisher = {HuggingFace},
journal = {HuggingFace repository},
howpublished = {\url{https://https://huggingface.co/Open-Orca/OpenOrca},
}
```
```bibtex
@misc{mukherjee2023orca,
title={Orca: Progressive Learning from Complex Explanation Traces of GPT-4},
author={Subhabrata Mukherjee and Arindam Mitra and Ganesh Jawahar and Sahaj Agarwal and Hamid Palangi and Ahmed Awadallah},
year={2023},
eprint={2306.02707},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.CL}
}
```
```bibtex
@misc{longpre2023flan,
title={The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning},
author={Shayne Longpre and Le Hou and Tu Vu and Albert Webson and Hyung Won Chung and Yi Tay and Denny Zhou and Quoc V. Le and Barret Zoph and Jason Wei and Adam Roberts},
year={2023},
eprint={2301.13688},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.AI}
}
```
```bibtex
@misc{touvron2023llama,
title={Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models},
author={Hugo Touvron and Louis Martin and Kevin Stone and Peter Albert and Amjad Almahairi and Yasmine Babaei and Nikolay Bashlykov and Soumya Batra and Prajjwal Bhargava and Shruti Bhosale and Dan Bikel and Lukas Blecher and Cristian Canton Ferrer and Moya Chen and Guillem Cucurull and David Esiobu and Jude Fernandes and Jeremy Fu and Wenyin Fu and Brian Fuller and Cynthia Gao and Vedanuj Goswami and Naman Goyal and Anthony Hartshorn and Saghar Hosseini and Rui Hou and Hakan Inan and Marcin Kardas and Viktor Kerkez and Madian Khabsa and Isabel Kloumann and Artem Korenev and Punit Singh Koura and Marie-Anne Lachaux and Thibaut Lavril and Jenya Lee and Diana Liskovich and Yinghai Lu and Yuning Mao and Xavier Martinet and Todor Mihaylov and Pushkar Mishra and Igor Molybog and Yixin Nie and Andrew Poulton and Jeremy Reizenstein and Rashi Rungta and Kalyan Saladi and Alan Schelten and Ruan Silva and Eric Michael Smith and Ranjan Subramanian and Xiaoqing Ellen Tan and Binh Tang and Ross Taylor and Adina Williams and Jian Xiang Kuan and Puxin Xu and Zheng Yan and Iliyan Zarov and Yuchen Zhang and Angela Fan and Melanie Kambadur and Sharan Narang and Aurelien Rodriguez and Robert Stojnic and Sergey Edunov and Thomas Scialom},
year={2023},
eprint= arXiv 2307.09288
}
@software{touvron2023llama,
title={LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models},
author={Touvron, Hugo and Lavril, Thibaut and Izacard, Gautier and Martinet, Xavier and Lachaux, Marie-Anne and Lacroix, Timoth{\'e}e and Rozi{\`e}re, Baptiste and Goyal, Naman and Hambro, Eric and Azhar, Faisal and Rodriguez, Aurelien and Joulin, Armand and Grave, Edouard and Lample, Guillaume},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2302.13971},
year={2023}
}
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bavard/personachat_truecased | 2021-04-23T13:28:30.000Z | [
"region:us"
] | bavard | A version of the PersonaChat dataset that has been true-cased, and also has been given more normalized punctuation.
The original PersonaChat dataset is in all lower case, and has extra space around each clause/sentence separating
punctuation mark. This version of the dataset has more of a natural language look, with sentence capitalization,
proper noun capitalization, and normalized whitespace. Also, each dialogue turn includes a pool of distractor
candidate responses, which can be used by a multiple choice regularization loss during training. | @article{zhang2018personalizing,
title={Personalizing dialogue agents: I have a dog, do you have pets too?},
author={Zhang, Saizheng and Dinan, Emily and Urbanek, Jack and Szlam, Arthur and Kiela, Douwe and Weston, Jason},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1801.07243},
year={2018}
} | 24 | 373 | 2022-03-02T23:29:22 | # A More Natural PersonaChat
## Dataset Summary
This dataset is a true-cased version of the PersonaChat dataset by Zhang et al. (2018).
The original PersonaChat dataset is all lower case, and has extra space around each
clause/sentence separating punctuation mark. This version of the dataset has more of a
natural language look, with sentence capitalization, proper noun capitalization, and
normalized whitespace. Also, each dialogue turn includes a pool of distractor
candidate responses, which can be used by a multiple choice regularization loss during
training.
As an example, here is an utterance from the original PersonaChat dataset:
```
"i really like celine dion . what about you ?"
```
In this dataset, that example is:
```
"I really like Celine Dion. What about you?"
```
## Languages
The text in the dataset is in English (**en**).
## Data Fields
Each instance of the dataset represents a conversational utterance that a
crowdworker made, while pretending to have a certain personality. Each instance has
these fields:
| Field Name | Datatype | Description |
|---------------|----------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| `conv_id` | int | A unique identifier for the instance's conversation. |
| `utterance_idx` | int | The index of the instance in the conversation. |
| `personality` | list of string | Sentences describing the personality of the current speaker. |
| `history` | list of string | The conversation's utterances so far, alternating between speakers with one utterance per speaker. |
| `candidates` | list of string | A list of utterances including distractor utterances as well as the true utterance the speaker gave, given their personality and the conversation history thus far. The true utterance is always the last utterance in this list. |
## Dataset Curation
The dataset was sourced from HuggingFace's version of the dataset used in the code for their
ConvAI 2018 submission, which was described in their [blog article](https://medium.com/huggingface/how-to-build-a-state-of-the-art-conversational-ai-with-transfer-learning-2d818ac26313)
on that submission. This version of the dataset has had extra white spaces removed,
and a StanfordNLP [stanza](https://stanfordnlp.github.io/stanza/) NLP pipeline was
used to conduct part-of-speech tagging to identify proper nouns, which were then
capitalized. The pipeline was also used to conduct sentence segmentation, allowing
the beginning of sentences to then be capitalized. Finally, all instances of the
pronoun "I" were capitalized, along with its contractions.
## Citation Information
For the PersonaChat dataset, please cite:
```
@article{zhang2018personalizing,
title={Personalizing dialogue agents: I have a dog, do you have pets too?},
author={Zhang, Saizheng and Dinan, Emily and Urbanek, Jack and Szlam, Arthur and Kiela, Douwe and Weston, Jason},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1801.07243},
year={2018}
}
```
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akariasai/PopQA | 2022-12-22T01:01:20.000Z | [
"region:us"
] | akariasai | null | null | 3 | 373 | 2022-12-22T00:37:19 | # Dataset Card for PopQA
## Dataset Summary
PopQA is a large-scale open-domain question answering (QA) dataset, consisting of 14k entity-centric QA pairs. Each question is created by converting a knowledge tuple retrieved from Wikidata using a template. Each question come with the original `subject_entitiey`, `object_entity`and `relationship_type` annotation, as well as Wikipedia monthly page views.
## Languages
The dataset contains samples in English only.
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
- Size of downloaded dataset file: 5.2 MB
## Data Fields
- `id`: question id
- `subj`: subject entity name
- `prop`: relationship type
- `obj`: object entity name
- `subj_id`: Wikidata ID of the subject entity
- `prop_id`: Wikidata relationship type ID
- `obj_id`: Wikidata ID of the object entity
- `s_aliases`: aliases of the subject entity
- `o_aliases`: aliases of the object entity
- `s_uri`: Wikidata URI of the subject entity
- `o_uri`: Wikidata URI of the object entity
- `s_wiki_title`: Wikipedia page title of the subject entity
- `o_wiki_title`: Wikipedia page title of the object entity
- `s_pop`: Wikipedia monthly pageview of the subject entity
- `o_pop`: Wikipedia monthly pageview of the object entity
- `question`: PopQA question
- `possible_answers`: a list of the gold answers.
## Citation Information
```
@article{ mallen2023llm_memorization ,
title={When Not to Trust Language Models: Investigating Effectiveness and Limitations of Parametric and Non-Parametric Memories },
author={ Mallen, Alex and Asai,Akari and Zhong, Victor and Das, Rajarshi and Hajishirzi, Hannaneh and Khashabi, Daniel},
journal={ arXiv preprint },
year={ 2022 }
}
```
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europarl_bilingual | 2022-11-03T16:31:58.000Z | [
"task_categories:translation",
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"license:unknown",
"region:us"
] | null | A parallel corpus extracted from the European Parliament web site by Philipp Koehn (University of Edinburgh). The main intended use is to aid statistical machine translation research. | null | 8 | 372 | 2022-03-02T23:29:22 | ---
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license:
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multilinguality:
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size_categories:
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source_datasets:
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task_categories:
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task_ids: []
paperswithcode_id: null
pretty_name: europarl-bilingual
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languages:
- ro
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splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 116060031
num_examples: 374859
download_size: 67766532
dataset_size: 116060031
- config_name: ro-sv
features:
- name: translation
dtype:
translation:
languages:
- ro
- sv
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 126359961
num_examples: 390133
download_size: 155757942
dataset_size: 126359961
- config_name: sk-sl
features:
- name: translation
dtype:
translation:
languages:
- sk
- sl
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 179514252
num_examples: 609698
download_size: 85175048
dataset_size: 179514252
- config_name: sk-sv
features:
- name: translation
dtype:
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languages:
- sk
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splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 195200876
num_examples: 636353
download_size: 173202439
dataset_size: 195200876
- config_name: sl-sv
features:
- name: translation
dtype:
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languages:
- sl
- sv
splits:
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num_bytes: 178446367
num_examples: 608740
download_size: 168196323
dataset_size: 178446367
---
# Dataset Card for europarl-bilingual
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [Statmt](http://www.statmt.org/europarl/)
- **Repository:** [OPUS Europarl](https://opus.nlpl.eu/Europarl.php)
- **Paper:** [Aclweb](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/L12-1246/)
- **Leaderboard:** [Needs More Information]
- **Point of Contact:** [Needs More Information]
### Dataset Summary
A parallel corpus extracted from the European Parliament web site by Philipp Koehn (University of Edinburgh). The main intended use is to aid statistical machine translation research.
To load a language pair which isn't part of the config, all you need to do is specify the language code as pairs.
You can find the valid pairs in Homepage section of Dataset Description: https://opus.nlpl.eu/Europarl.php
E.g.
`dataset = load_dataset("europarl_bilingual", lang1="fi", lang2="fr")`
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
Tasks: Machine Translation, Cross Lingual Word Embeddings (CWLE) Alignment
### Languages
- 21 languages, 211 bitexts
- total number of files: 207,775
- total number of tokens: 759.05M
- total number of sentence fragments: 30.32M
Every pair of the following languages is available:
- bg
- cs
- da
- de
- el
- en
- es
- et
- fi
- fr
- hu
- it
- lt
- lv
- nl
- pl
- pt
- ro
- sk
- sl
- sv
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
Here is an example from the en-fr pair:
```
{
'translation': {
'en': 'Resumption of the session',
'fr': 'Reprise de la session'
}
}
```
### Data Fields
- `translation`: a dictionary containing two strings paired with a key indicating the corresponding language.
### Data Splits
- `train`: only train split is provided. Authors did not provide a separation of examples in `train`, `dev` and `test`.
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
[Needs More Information]
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[Needs More Information]
#### Who are the source language producers?
[Needs More Information]
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[Needs More Information]
#### Who are the annotators?
[Needs More Information]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[Needs More Information]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[Needs More Information]
### Discussion of Biases
[Needs More Information]
### Other Known Limitations
[Needs More Information]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
[Needs More Information]
### Licensing Information
The data set comes with the same license
as the original sources.
Please, check the information about the source
that is given on
http://opus.nlpl.eu/Europarl-v8.php
### Citation Information
```
@InProceedings{TIEDEMANN12.463,
author = {J�rg Tiedemann},
title = {Parallel Data, Tools and Interfaces in OPUS},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eight International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'12)},
year = {2012},
month = {may},
date = {23-25},
address = {Istanbul, Turkey},
editor = {Nicoletta Calzolari (Conference Chair) and Khalid Choukri and Thierry Declerck and Mehmet Ugur Dogan and Bente Maegaard and Joseph Mariani and Jan Odijk and Stelios Piperidis},
publisher = {European Language Resources Association (ELRA)},
isbn = {978-2-9517408-7-7},
language = {english}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@lucadiliello](https://github.com/lucadiliello) for adding this dataset. | 59,252 | [
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OpenAssistant/oasst_top1_2023-08-25 | 2023-08-28T12:44:26.000Z | [
"task_categories:conversational",
"size_categories:10K<n<100K",
"license:apache-2.0",
"region:us"
] | OpenAssistant | null | null | 18 | 372 | 2023-08-28T12:00:02 | ---
license: apache-2.0
task_categories:
- conversational
size_categories:
- 10K<n<100K
---
# OpenAssistant TOP-1 Conversation Threads
- [Guanacco](https://huggingface.co/datasets/timdettmers/openassistant-guanaco) style export of the best conversation threads from the [open-assistant.io](https://open-assistant.io/) database
- exported August 25, 2023
- jsonl files with [chatml](https://github.com/openai/openai-python/blob/main/chatml.md) formatted conversations
- train: 12,947 samples / valid: 680 samples | 512 | [
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arabic_speech_corpus | 2022-11-18T18:29:09.000Z | [
"task_categories:automatic-speech-recognition",
"annotations_creators:expert-generated",
"language_creators:crowdsourced",
"multilinguality:monolingual",
"size_categories:1K<n<10K",
"source_datasets:original",
"language:ar",
"license:cc-by-4.0",
"region:us"
] | null | This Speech corpus has been developed as part of PhD work carried out by Nawar Halabi at the University of Southampton.
The corpus was recorded in south Levantine Arabic
(Damascian accent) using a professional studio. Synthesized speech as an output using this corpus has produced a high quality, natural voice.
Note that in order to limit the required storage for preparing this dataset, the audio
is stored in the .flac format and is not converted to a float32 array. To convert, the audio
file to a float32 array, please make use of the `.map()` function as follows:
```python
import soundfile as sf
def map_to_array(batch):
speech_array, _ = sf.read(batch["file"])
batch["speech"] = speech_array
return batch
dataset = dataset.map(map_to_array, remove_columns=["file"])
``` | @phdthesis{halabi2016modern,
title={Modern standard Arabic phonetics for speech synthesis},
author={Halabi, Nawar},
year={2016},
school={University of Southampton}
} | 17 | 371 | 2022-03-02T23:29:22 | ---
pretty_name: Arabic Speech Corpus
annotations_creators:
- expert-generated
language_creators:
- crowdsourced
language:
- ar
license:
- cc-by-4.0
multilinguality:
- monolingual
paperswithcode_id: arabic-speech-corpus
size_categories:
- 1K<n<10K
source_datasets:
- original
task_categories:
- automatic-speech-recognition
task_ids: []
train-eval-index:
- config: clean
task: automatic-speech-recognition
task_id: speech_recognition
splits:
train_split: train
eval_split: test
col_mapping:
file: path
text: text
metrics:
- type: wer
name: WER
- type: cer
name: CER
dataset_info:
features:
- name: file
dtype: string
- name: text
dtype: string
- name: audio
dtype:
audio:
sampling_rate: 48000
- name: phonetic
dtype: string
- name: orthographic
dtype: string
config_name: clean
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 1002365
num_examples: 1813
- name: test
num_bytes: 65784
num_examples: 100
download_size: 1192302846
dataset_size: 1068149
---
# Dataset Card for Arabic Speech Corpus
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [Arabic Speech Corpus](http://en.arabicspeechcorpus.com/)
- **Repository:** [Needs More Information]
- **Paper:** [Modern standard Arabic phonetics for speech synthesis](http://en.arabicspeechcorpus.com/Nawar%20Halabi%20PhD%20Thesis%20Revised.pdf)
- **Leaderboard:** [Paperswithcode Leaderboard][Needs More Information]
- **Point of Contact:** [Nawar Halabi](mailto:nawar.halabi@gmail.com)
### Dataset Summary
This Speech corpus has been developed as part of PhD work carried out by Nawar Halabi at the University of Southampton. The corpus was recorded in south Levantine Arabic (Damascian accent) using a professional studio. Synthesized speech as an output using this corpus has produced a high quality, natural voice.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[Needs More Information]
### Languages
The audio is in Arabic.
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
A typical data point comprises the path to the audio file, usually called `file` and its transcription, called `text`.
An example from the dataset is:
```
{
'file': '/Users/username/.cache/huggingface/datasets/downloads/extracted/baebe85e2cb67579f6f88e7117a87888c1ace390f4f14cb6c3e585c517ad9db0/arabic-speech-corpus/wav/ARA NORM 0002.wav',
'audio': {'path': '/Users/username/.cache/huggingface/datasets/downloads/extracted/baebe85e2cb67579f6f88e7117a87888c1ace390f4f14cb6c3e585c517ad9db0/arabic-speech-corpus/wav/ARA NORM 0002.wav',
'array': array([-0.00048828, -0.00018311, -0.00137329, ..., 0.00079346, 0.00091553, 0.00085449], dtype=float32),
'sampling_rate': 48000},
'orthographic': 'waraj~aHa Alt~aqoriyru Al~a*iy >aEad~ahu maEohadu >aboHaA^i haDabapi Alt~ibiti fiy Alo>akaAdiymiy~api AlS~iyniy~api liloEuluwmi - >ano tasotamir~a darajaAtu AloHaraArapi wamusotawayaAtu Alr~uTuwbapi fiy Alo<irotifaAEi TawaAla ha*aA Aloqarono',
'phonetic': "sil w a r a' jj A H a tt A q r ii0' r u0 ll a * i0 < a E a' dd a h u0 m a' E h a d u0 < a b H aa' ^ i0 h A D A' b a t i0 tt i1' b t i0 f i0 l < a k aa d ii0 m ii0' y a t i0 SS II0 n ii0' y a t i0 l u0 l E u0 l uu0' m i0 sil < a' n t a s t a m i0' rr a d a r a j aa' t u0 l H a r aa' r a t i0 w a m u0 s t a w a y aa' t u0 rr U0 T UU0' b a t i0 f i0 l Ah i0 r t i0 f aa' E i0 T A' w A l a h aa' * a l q A' r n sil",
'text': '\ufeffwaraj~aHa Alt~aqoriyru Al~aTHiy >aEad~ahu maEohadu >aboHaA^i haDabapi Alt~ibiti fiy Alo>akaAdiymiy~api AlS~iyniy~api liloEuluwmi - >ano tasotamir~a darajaAtu AloHaraArapi wamusotawayaAtu Alr~uTuwbapi fiy Alo<irotifaAEi TawaAla haTHaA Aloqarono'
}
```
### Data Fields
- file: A path to the downloaded audio file in .wav format.
- audio: A dictionary containing the path to the downloaded audio file, the decoded audio array, and the sampling rate. Note that when accessing the audio column: `dataset[0]["audio"]` the audio file is automatically decoded and resampled to `dataset.features["audio"].sampling_rate`. Decoding and resampling of a large number of audio files might take a significant amount of time. Thus it is important to first query the sample index before the `"audio"` column, *i.e.* `dataset[0]["audio"]` should **always** be preferred over `dataset["audio"][0]`.
- text: the transcription of the audio file.
- phonetic: the transcription in phonentics format.
- orthographic: the transcriptions written in orthographic format.
### Data Splits
| | Train | Test |
| ----- | ----- | ---- |
| dataset | 1813 | 100 |
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
The corpus was created with Speech Synthesis as the main application in mind. Although it has been used as part of a larger corpus for speech recognition and speech denoising. Here are some explanations why the corpus was built the way it is:
* Corpus size: Budget limitations and the research goal resulted in the decision not to gather more data. The goal was to show that high quality speech synthesis is possible with smaller corpora.
* Phonetic diversity: Just like with many corpora, the phonetic diversity was acheived using greedy methods. Start with a core set of utterances and add more utterances which contribute to adding more phonetic diversity the most iterativly. The measure of diversity is based on the diphone frequency.
* Content: News, sports, economics, fully diacritised content from the internet was gathered. The choice of utterances was random to avoid copyright issues. Because of corpus size, acheiving diversity of content type was difficult and was not the goal.
* Non-sense utterances: The corpus contains a large set of utterances that are generated computationally to compensate for the diphones missing in the main part of the corpus. The usefullness of non-sense utterances was not proven in the PhD thesis.
* The talent: The voice talent had a Syrian dialect from Damascus and spoke in formal Arabic.
Please refer to [PhD thesis](#Citation-Information) for more detailed information.
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
News, sports, economics, fully diacritised content from the internet was gathered. The choice of utterances was random to avoid copyright issues. Because of corpus size, acheiving diversity of content type was difficult and was not the goal. We were restricted to content which was fully diacritised to make the annotation process easier.
Just like with many corpora, the phonetic diversity was acheived using greedy methods. Start with a core set of utterances and add more utterances which contribute to adding more phonetic diversity the most iterativly. The measure of diversity is based on the diphone frequency.
Please refer to [PhD thesis](#Citation-Information).
#### Who are the source language producers?
Please refer to [PhD thesis](#Citation-Information).
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
Three annotators aligned audio with phonemes with the help of HTK forced alignment. They worked on overlapping parts as well to assess annotator agreement and the quality of the annotations. The entire corpus was checked by human annotators.
Please refer to [PhD thesis](#Citation-Information).
#### Who are the annotators?
Nawar Halabi and two anonymous Arabic language teachers.
### Personal and Sensitive Information
The dataset consists of people who have donated their voice online. You agree to not attempt to determine the identity of speakers in this dataset. The voice talent agreed in writing for their voice to be used in speech technologies as long as they stay anonymous.
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[Needs More Information]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
The corpus was recorded in south Levantine Arabic (Damascian accent) using a professional studio by Nawar Halabi.
### Licensing Information
[CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
### Citation Information
```
@phdthesis{halabi2016modern,
title={Modern standard Arabic phonetics for speech synthesis},
author={Halabi, Nawar},
year={2016},
school={University of Southampton}
}
```
### Contributions
This dataset was created by:
* Nawar Halabi [@nawarhalabi](https://github.com/nawarhalabi) main creator and annotator.
* Two anonymous Arabic langauge teachers as annotators.
* One anonymous voice talent.
* Thanks to [@zaidalyafeai](https://github.com/zaidalyafeai) for adding this dataset. | 9,622 | [
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distil-whisper/librispeech_asr | 2023-09-25T10:30:13.000Z | [
"task_categories:automatic-speech-recognition",
"language:en",
"license:cc-by-4.0",
"region:us"
] | distil-whisper | LibriSpeech is a corpus of approximately 1000 hours of read English speech with sampling rate of 16 kHz,
prepared by Vassil Panayotov with the assistance of Daniel Povey. The data is derived from read
audiobooks from the LibriVox project, and has been carefully segmented and aligned.87 | @inproceedings{panayotov2015librispeech,
title={Librispeech: an ASR corpus based on public domain audio books},
author={Panayotov, Vassil and Chen, Guoguo and Povey, Daniel and Khudanpur, Sanjeev},
booktitle={Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), 2015 IEEE International Conference on},
pages={5206--5210},
year={2015},
organization={IEEE}
} | 0 | 367 | 2023-03-29T12:53:48 | ---
license: cc-by-4.0
task_categories:
- automatic-speech-recognition
language:
- en
-pretty_name: LibriSpeech ASR
---
# Distil Whisper: LibriSpeech ASR
This is a variant of the [LibriSpeech ASR](https://huggingface.co/datasets/librispeech_asr) dataset, augmented to return the pseudo-labelled Whisper
Transcriptions alongside the original dataset elements. The pseudo-labelled transcriptions were generated by
labelling the input audio data with the Whisper [large-v2](https://huggingface.co/openai/whisper-large-v2)
model with *greedy* sampling. For information on how the original dataset was curated, refer to the original
[dataset card](https://huggingface.co/datasets/librispeech_asr).
## Standalone Usage
First, install the latest version of the 🤗 Datasets package:
```bash
pip install --upgrade pip
pip install --upgrade datasets[audio]
```
The dataset can be downloaded and pre-processed on disk using the [`load_dataset`](https://huggingface.co/docs/datasets/v2.14.5/en/package_reference/loading_methods#datasets.load_dataset)
function:
```python
from datasets import load_dataset
dataset = load_dataset("distil-whisper/librispeech_asr", "all")
# take the first sample of the validation set
sample = dataset["validation.clean"][0]
```
It can also be streamed directly from the Hub using Datasets' [streaming mode](https://huggingface.co/blog/audio-datasets#streaming-mode-the-silver-bullet).
Loading a dataset in streaming mode loads individual samples of the dataset at a time, rather than downloading the entire
dataset to disk:
```python
from datasets import load_dataset
dataset = load_dataset("distil-whisper/librispeech_asr", "all", streaming=True)
# take the first sample of the validation set
sample = next(iter(dataset["validation.clean"]))
```
## Distil Whisper Usage
To use this dataset to reproduce a Distil Whisper training run, refer to the instructions on the
[Distil Whisper repository](https://github.com/huggingface/distil-whisper#training).
## License
This dataset is licensed under cc-by-4.0.
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arxiv_dataset | 2023-10-26T10:45:45.000Z | [
"task_categories:translation",
"task_categories:summarization",
"task_categories:text-retrieval",
"task_ids:document-retrieval",
"task_ids:entity-linking-retrieval",
"task_ids:explanation-generation",
"task_ids:fact-checking-retrieval",
"task_ids:text-simplification",
"annotations_creators:no-annotation",
"language_creators:expert-generated",
"multilinguality:monolingual",
"size_categories:1M<n<10M",
"source_datasets:original",
"language:en",
"license:cc0-1.0",
"arxiv:1905.00075",
"region:us"
] | null | A dataset of 1.7 million arXiv articles for applications like trend analysis, paper recommender engines, category prediction, co-citation networks, knowledge graph construction and semantic search interfaces. | @misc{clement2019arxiv,
title={On the Use of ArXiv as a Dataset},
author={Colin B. Clement and Matthew Bierbaum and Kevin P. O'Keeffe and Alexander A. Alemi},
year={2019},
eprint={1905.00075},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.IR}
} | 38 | 366 | 2022-03-02T23:29:22 | ---
annotations_creators:
- no-annotation
language_creators:
- expert-generated
language:
- en
license:
- cc0-1.0
multilinguality:
- monolingual
size_categories:
- 1M<n<10M
source_datasets:
- original
task_categories:
- translation
- summarization
- text-retrieval
task_ids:
- document-retrieval
- entity-linking-retrieval
- explanation-generation
- fact-checking-retrieval
- text-simplification
paperswithcode_id: null
pretty_name: arXiv Dataset
dataset_info:
features:
- name: id
dtype: string
- name: submitter
dtype: string
- name: authors
dtype: string
- name: title
dtype: string
- name: comments
dtype: string
- name: journal-ref
dtype: string
- name: doi
dtype: string
- name: report-no
dtype: string
- name: categories
dtype: string
- name: license
dtype: string
- name: abstract
dtype: string
- name: update_date
dtype: string
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 3056873071
num_examples: 2349354
download_size: 0
dataset_size: 3056873071
---
# Dataset Card for arXiv Dataset
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [Kaggle arXiv Dataset Homepage](https://www.kaggle.com/Cornell-University/arxiv)
- **Repository:**
- **Paper:** [On the Use of ArXiv as a Dataset](https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.00075)
- **Leaderboard:**
- **Point of Contact:** [Matt Bierbaum](mailto:matt.bierbaum@gmail.com)
### Dataset Summary
A dataset of 1.7 million arXiv articles for applications like trend analysis, paper recommender engines, category prediction, co-citation networks, knowledge graph construction and semantic search interfaces.
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed]
### Languages
The language supported is English
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
This dataset is a mirror of the original ArXiv data. Because the full dataset is rather large (1.1TB and growing), this dataset provides only a metadata file in the json format. An example is given below
```
{'id': '0704.0002',
'submitter': 'Louis Theran',
'authors': 'Ileana Streinu and Louis Theran',
'title': 'Sparsity-certifying Graph Decompositions',
'comments': 'To appear in Graphs and Combinatorics',
'journal-ref': None,
'doi': None,
'report-no': None,
'categories': 'math.CO cs.CG',
'license': 'http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/',
'abstract': ' We describe a new algorithm, the $(k,\\ell)$-pebble game with colors, and use\nit obtain a characterization of the family of $(k,\\ell)$-sparse graphs and\nalgorithmic solutions to a family of problems concerning tree decompositions of\ngraphs. Special instances of sparse graphs appear in rigidity theory and have\nreceived increased attention in recent years. In particular, our colored\npebbles generalize and strengthen the previous results of Lee and Streinu and\ngive a new proof of the Tutte-Nash-Williams characterization of arboricity. We\nalso present a new decomposition that certifies sparsity based on the\n$(k,\\ell)$-pebble game with colors. Our work also exposes connections between\npebble game algorithms and previous sparse graph algorithms by Gabow, Gabow and\nWestermann and Hendrickson.\n',
'update_date': '2008-12-13'}
```
### Data Fields
- `id`: ArXiv ID (can be used to access the paper)
- `submitter`: Who submitted the paper
- `authors`: Authors of the paper
- `title`: Title of the paper
- `comments`: Additional info, such as number of pages and figures
- `journal-ref`: Information about the journal the paper was published in
- `doi`: [Digital Object Identifier](https://www.doi.org)
- `report-no`: Report Number
- `abstract`: The abstract of the paper
- `categories`: Categories / tags in the ArXiv system
### Data Splits
The data was not splited.
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
For nearly 30 years, ArXiv has served the public and research communities by providing open access to scholarly articles, from the vast branches of physics to the many subdisciplines of computer science to everything in between, including math, statistics, electrical engineering, quantitative biology, and economics. This rich corpus of information offers significant, but sometimes overwhelming depth. In these times of unique global challenges, efficient extraction of insights from data is essential. To help make the arXiv more accessible, a free, open pipeline on Kaggle to the machine-readable arXiv dataset: a repository of 1.7 million articles, with relevant features such as article titles, authors, categories, abstracts, full text PDFs, and more is presented to empower new use cases that can lead to the exploration of richer machine learning techniques that combine multi-modal features towards applications like trend analysis, paper recommender engines, category prediction, co-citation networks, knowledge graph construction and semantic search interfaces.
### Source Data
This data is based on arXiv papers.
[More Information Needed]
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed]
### Annotations
This dataset contains no annotations.
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
The original data is maintained by [ArXiv](https://arxiv.org/)
### Licensing Information
The data is under the [Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/)
### Citation Information
```
@misc{clement2019arxiv,
title={On the Use of ArXiv as a Dataset},
author={Colin B. Clement and Matthew Bierbaum and Kevin P. O'Keeffe and Alexander A. Alemi},
year={2019},
eprint={1905.00075},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.IR}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@tanmoyio](https://github.com/tanmoyio) for adding this dataset. | 7,254 | [
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taesiri/imagenet-hard | 2023-06-16T18:50:51.000Z | [
"task_categories:image-classification",
"size_categories:10K<n<100K",
"language:en",
"license:mit",
"OOD",
"ImageNet",
"Out Of Distribution",
"arxiv:2304.05538",
"region:us"
] | taesiri | null | null | 7 | 365 | 2023-03-31T05:48:23 | ---
dataset_info:
features:
- name: image
dtype: image
- name: label
sequence: int64
- name: origin
dtype: string
- name: english_label
sequence: string
splits:
- name: validation
num_bytes: 1771418938.94
num_examples: 10980
download_size: 6380094503
dataset_size: 1771418938.94
license: mit
task_categories:
- image-classification
language:
- en
tags:
- OOD
- ImageNet
- Out Of Distribution
pretty_name: ImageNet-Hard
size_categories:
- 10K<n<100K
---
# Dataset Card for "ImageNet-Hard"
[Project Page](https://taesiri.github.io/ZoomIsAllYouNeed/) - [ArXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.05538) - [Paper](https://huggingface.co/papers/2304.05538) - [Github](https://github.com/taesiri/ZoomIsAllYouNeed) - [Image Browser](https://huggingface.co/spaces/taesiri/ImageNet-Hard-Browser)
## Dataset Summary
**ImageNet-Hard** is a new benchmark that comprises 10,980 images collected from various existing ImageNet-scale benchmarks (ImageNet, ImageNet-V2, ImageNet-Sketch, ImageNet-C, ImageNet-R, ImageNet-ReaL, ImageNet-A, and ObjectNet). This dataset poses a significant challenge to state-of-the-art vision models as merely zooming in often fails to improve their ability to classify images correctly. As a result, even the most advanced models, such as `CLIP-ViT-L/14@336px`, struggle to perform well on this dataset, achieving a mere `2.02%` accuracy.
*ImageNet-Hard-4K*: For the 4K version please refere to [this dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/taesiri/imagenet-hard-4K).
### Dataset Distribution
### Classifiers Performance
| Model | Accuracy |
| ------------------- | -------- |
| AlexNet | 7.34 |
| VGG-16 | 12.00 |
| ResNet-18 | 10.86 |
| ResNet-50 | 14.74 |
| ViT-B/32 | 18.52 |
| EfficientNet-B0 | 16.57 |
| EfficientNet-B7 | 23.20 |
| EfficientNet-L2-Ns | 39.00 |
| CLIP-ViT-L/14@224px | 1.86 |
| CLIP-ViT-L/14@336px | 2.02 |
| OpenCLIP-ViT-bigG-14| 15.93 |
| OpenCLIP-ViT-L-14 | 15.60 |
**Evaluation Code**
* CLIP <a target="_blank" href="https://colab.research.google.com/github/taesiri/ZoomIsAllYouNeed/blob/main/src/ImageNet_Hard/Prompt_Engineering_for_ImageNet_Hard.ipynb"> <img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"/> </a>
* [OpenCLIP](https://github.com/taesiri/ZoomIsAllYouNeed/blob/main/src/ImageNet_Hard/benchmark_openclip.py)
* Other models <a target="_blank" href="https://colab.research.google.com/github/taesiri/ZoomIsAllYouNeed/blob/main/src/ImageNet_Hard/Benchmark_ImageNet_Hard.ipynb"> <img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"/> </a>
## Supported Tasks
- `image-classification`: The objective of this task is to classify an image into one or more classes, selected from 1000 ImageNet categories (allowing for multiple ground-truth labels per image).
## Languages
The `english_label` field in the dataset are in English.
## Dataset Structure
Data Instances
An example looks like this:
```python
{
'image': <PIL.JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile image mode=RGB size=575x409 at 0x7F09456B53A0>,
'label': [0],
'origin': 'imagenet_sketch',
'english_label': ['tench']
}
```
### Data Fields
The data instances have the following fields:
- image: A PIL.Image.Image object containing the image. Note that when accessing the image column: dataset[0]["image"] the image file is automatically decoded. Decoding of a large number of image files might take a significant amount of time. Thus it is important to first query the sample index before the "image" column, i.e. dataset[0]["image"] should always be preferred over dataset["image"][0].
- label: A List[int] collection containing the ground-truth ids.
- origin: A string containing source dataset.
- english_label: A List[str] collection containg the english labels for the ground-truth classes.
<details>
<summary>
Click here to see the full list of ImageNet class labels mapping:
</summary>
|id|Class|
|--|-----|
|0 | tench, Tinca tinca|
|1 | goldfish, Carassius auratus|
|2 | great white shark, white shark, man-eater, man-eating shark, Carcharodon carcharias|
|3 | tiger shark, Galeocerdo cuvieri|
|4 | hammerhead, hammerhead shark|
|5 | electric ray, crampfish, numbfish, torpedo|
|6 | stingray|
|7 | cock|
|8 | hen|
|9 | ostrich, Struthio camelus|
|10 | brambling, Fringilla montifringilla|
|11 | goldfinch, Carduelis carduelis|
|12 | house finch, linnet, Carpodacus mexicanus|
|13 | junco, snowbird|
|14 | indigo bunting, indigo finch, indigo bird, Passerina cyanea|
|15 | robin, American robin, Turdus migratorius|
|16 | bulbul|
|17 | jay|
|18 | magpie|
|19 | chickadee|
|20 | water ouzel, dipper|
|21 | kite|
|22 | bald eagle, American eagle, Haliaeetus leucocephalus|
|23 | vulture|
|24 | great grey owl, great gray owl, Strix nebulosa|
|25 | European fire salamander, Salamandra salamandra|
|26 | common newt, Triturus vulgaris|
|27 | eft|
|28 | spotted salamander, Ambystoma maculatum|
|29 | axolotl, mud puppy, Ambystoma mexicanum|
|30 | bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana|
|31 | tree frog, tree-frog|
|32 | tailed frog, bell toad, ribbed toad, tailed toad, Ascaphus trui|
|33 | loggerhead, loggerhead turtle, Caretta caretta|
|34 | leatherback turtle, leatherback, leathery turtle, Dermochelys coriacea|
|35 | mud turtle|
|36 | terrapin|
|37 | box turtle, box tortoise|
|38 | banded gecko|
|39 | common iguana, iguana, Iguana iguana|
|40 | American chameleon, anole, Anolis carolinensis|
|41 | whiptail, whiptail lizard|
|42 | agama|
|43 | frilled lizard, Chlamydosaurus kingi|
|44 | alligator lizard|
|45 | Gila monster, Heloderma suspectum|
|46 | green lizard, Lacerta viridis|
|47 | African chameleon, Chamaeleo chamaeleon|
|48 | Komodo dragon, Komodo lizard, dragon lizard, giant lizard, Varanus komodoensis|
|49 | African crocodile, Nile crocodile, Crocodylus niloticus|
|50 | American alligator, Alligator mississipiensis|
|51 | triceratops|
|52 | thunder snake, worm snake, Carphophis amoenus|
|53 | ringneck snake, ring-necked snake, ring snake|
|54 | hognose snake, puff adder, sand viper|
|55 | green snake, grass snake|
|56 | king snake, kingsnake|
|57 | garter snake, grass snake|
|58 | water snake|
|59 | vine snake|
|60 | night snake, Hypsiglena torquata|
|61 | boa constrictor, Constrictor constrictor|
|62 | rock python, rock snake, Python sebae|
|63 | Indian cobra, Naja naja|
|64 | green mamba|
|65 | sea snake|
|66 | horned viper, cerastes, sand viper, horned asp, Cerastes cornutus|
|67 | diamondback, diamondback rattlesnake, Crotalus adamanteus|
|68 | sidewinder, horned rattlesnake, Crotalus cerastes|
|69 | trilobite|
|70 | harvestman, daddy longlegs, Phalangium opilio|
|71 | scorpion|
|72 | black and gold garden spider, Argiope aurantia|
|73 | barn spider, Araneus cavaticus|
|74 | garden spider, Aranea diademata|
|75 | black widow, Latrodectus mactans|
|76 | tarantula|
|77 | wolf spider, hunting spider|
|78 | tick|
|79 | centipede|
|80 | black grouse|
|81 | ptarmigan|
|82 | ruffed grouse, partridge, Bonasa umbellus|
|83 | prairie chicken, prairie grouse, prairie fowl|
|84 | peacock|
|85 | quail|
|86 | partridge|
|87 | African grey, African gray, Psittacus erithacus|
|88 | macaw|
|89 | sulphur-crested cockatoo, Kakatoe galerita, Cacatua galerita|
|90 | lorikeet|
|91 | coucal|
|92 | bee eater|
|93 | hornbill|
|94 | hummingbird|
|95 | jacamar|
|96 | toucan|
|97 | drake|
|98 | red-breasted merganser, Mergus serrator|
|99 | goose|
|100 | black swan, Cygnus atratus|
|101 | tusker|
|102 | echidna, spiny anteater, anteater|
|103 | platypus, duckbill, duckbilled platypus, duck-billed platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus|
|104 | wallaby, brush kangaroo|
|105 | koala, koala bear, kangaroo bear, native bear, Phascolarctos cinereus|
|106 | wombat|
|107 | jellyfish|
|108 | sea anemone, anemone|
|109 | brain coral|
|110 | flatworm, platyhelminth|
|111 | nematode, nematode worm, roundworm|
|112 | conch|
|113 | snail|
|114 | slug|
|115 | sea slug, nudibranch|
|116 | chiton, coat-of-mail shell, sea cradle, polyplacophore|
|117 | chambered nautilus, pearly nautilus, nautilus|
|118 | Dungeness crab, Cancer magister|
|119 | rock crab, Cancer irroratus|
|120 | fiddler crab|
|121 | king crab, Alaska crab, Alaskan king crab, Alaska king crab, Paralithodes camtschatica|
|122 | American lobster, Northern lobster, Maine lobster, Homarus americanus|
|123 | spiny lobster, langouste, rock lobster, crawfish, crayfish, sea crawfish|
|124 | crayfish, crawfish, crawdad, crawdaddy|
|125 | hermit crab|
|126 | isopod|
|127 | white stork, Ciconia ciconia|
|128 | black stork, Ciconia nigra|
|129 | spoonbill|
|130 | flamingo|
|131 | little blue heron, Egretta caerulea|
|132 | American egret, great white heron, Egretta albus|
|133 | bittern|
|134 | crane|
|135 | limpkin, Aramus pictus|
|136 | European gallinule, Porphyrio porphyrio|
|137 | American coot, marsh hen, mud hen, water hen, Fulica americana|
|138 | bustard|
|139 | ruddy turnstone, Arenaria interpres|
|140 | red-backed sandpiper, dunlin, Erolia alpina|
|141 | redshank, Tringa totanus|
|142 | dowitcher|
|143 | oystercatcher, oyster catcher|
|144 | pelican|
|145 | king penguin, Aptenodytes patagonica|
|146 | albatross, mollymawk|
|147 | grey whale, gray whale, devilfish, Eschrichtius gibbosus, Eschrichtius robustus|
|148 | killer whale, killer, orca, grampus, sea wolf, Orcinus orca|
|149 | dugong, Dugong dugon|
|150 | sea lion|
|151 | Chihuahua|
|152 | Japanese spaniel|
|153 | Maltese dog, Maltese terrier, Maltese|
|154 | Pekinese, Pekingese, Peke|
|155 | Shih-Tzu|
|156 | Blenheim spaniel|
|157 | papillon|
|158 | toy terrier|
|159 | Rhodesian ridgeback|
|160 | Afghan hound, Afghan|
|161 | basset, basset hound|
|162 | beagle|
|163 | bloodhound, sleuthhound|
|164 | bluetick|
|165 | black-and-tan coonhound|
|166 | Walker hound, Walker foxhound|
|167 | English foxhound|
|168 | redbone|
|169 | borzoi, Russian wolfhound|
|170 | Irish wolfhound|
|171 | Italian greyhound|
|172 | whippet|
|173 | Ibizan hound, Ibizan Podenco|
|174 | Norwegian elkhound, elkhound|
|175 | otterhound, otter hound|
|176 | Saluki, gazelle hound|
|177 | Scottish deerhound, deerhound|
|178 | Weimaraner|
|179 | Staffordshire bullterrier, Staffordshire bull terrier|
|180 | American Staffordshire terrier, Staffordshire terrier, American pit bull terrier, pit bull terrier|
|181 | Bedlington terrier|
|182 | Border terrier|
|183 | Kerry blue terrier|
|184 | Irish terrier|
|185 | Norfolk terrier|
|186 | Norwich terrier|
|187 | Yorkshire terrier|
|188 | wire-haired fox terrier|
|189 | Lakeland terrier|
|190 | Sealyham terrier, Sealyham|
|191 | Airedale, Airedale terrier|
|192 | cairn, cairn terrier|
|193 | Australian terrier|
|194 | Dandie Dinmont, Dandie Dinmont terrier|
|195 | Boston bull, Boston terrier|
|196 | miniature schnauzer|
|197 | giant schnauzer|
|198 | standard schnauzer|
|199 | Scotch terrier, Scottish terrier, Scottie|
|200 | Tibetan terrier, chrysanthemum dog|
|201 | silky terrier, Sydney silky|
|202 | soft-coated wheaten terrier|
|203 | West Highland white terrier|
|204 | Lhasa, Lhasa apso|
|205 | flat-coated retriever|
|206 | curly-coated retriever|
|207 | golden retriever|
|208 | Labrador retriever|
|209 | Chesapeake Bay retriever|
|210 | German short-haired pointer|
|211 | vizsla, Hungarian pointer|
|212 | English setter|
|213 | Irish setter, red setter|
|214 | Gordon setter|
|215 | Brittany spaniel|
|216 | clumber, clumber spaniel|
|217 | English springer, English springer spaniel|
|218 | Welsh springer spaniel|
|219 | cocker spaniel, English cocker spaniel, cocker|
|220 | Sussex spaniel|
|221 | Irish water spaniel|
|222 | kuvasz|
|223 | schipperke|
|224 | groenendael|
|225 | malinois|
|226 | briard|
|227 | kelpie|
|228 | komondor|
|229 | Old English sheepdog, bobtail|
|230 | Shetland sheepdog, Shetland sheep dog, Shetland|
|231 | collie|
|232 | Border collie|
|233 | Bouvier des Flandres, Bouviers des Flandres|
|234 | Rottweiler|
|235 | German shepherd, German shepherd dog, German police dog, alsatian|
|236 | Doberman, Doberman pinscher|
|237 | miniature pinscher|
|238 | Greater Swiss Mountain dog|
|239 | Bernese mountain dog|
|240 | Appenzeller|
|241 | EntleBucher|
|242 | boxer|
|243 | bull mastiff|
|244 | Tibetan mastiff|
|245 | French bulldog|
|246 | Great Dane|
|247 | Saint Bernard, St Bernard|
|248 | Eskimo dog, husky|
|249 | malamute, malemute, Alaskan malamute|
|250 | Siberian husky|
|251 | dalmatian, coach dog, carriage dog|
|252 | affenpinscher, monkey pinscher, monkey dog|
|253 | basenji|
|254 | pug, pug-dog|
|255 | Leonberg|
|256 | Newfoundland, Newfoundland dog|
|257 | Great Pyrenees|
|258 | Samoyed, Samoyede|
|259 | Pomeranian|
|260 | chow, chow chow|
|261 | keeshond|
|262 | Brabancon griffon|
|263 | Pembroke, Pembroke Welsh corgi|
|264 | Cardigan, Cardigan Welsh corgi|
|265 | toy poodle|
|266 | miniature poodle|
|267 | standard poodle|
|268 | Mexican hairless|
|269 | timber wolf, grey wolf, gray wolf, Canis lupus|
|270 | white wolf, Arctic wolf, Canis lupus tundrarum|
|271 | red wolf, maned wolf, Canis rufus, Canis niger|
|272 | coyote, prairie wolf, brush wolf, Canis latrans|
|273 | dingo, warrigal, warragal, Canis dingo|
|274 | dhole, Cuon alpinus|
|275 | African hunting dog, hyena dog, Cape hunting dog, Lycaon pictus|
|276 | hyena, hyaena|
|277 | red fox, Vulpes vulpes|
|278 | kit fox, Vulpes macrotis|
|279 | Arctic fox, white fox, Alopex lagopus|
|280 | grey fox, gray fox, Urocyon cinereoargenteus|
|281 | tabby, tabby cat|
|282 | tiger cat|
|283 | Persian cat|
|284 | Siamese cat, Siamese|
|285 | Egyptian cat|
|286 | cougar, puma, catamount, mountain lion, painter, panther, Felis concolor|
|287 | lynx, catamount|
|288 | leopard, Panthera pardus|
|289 | snow leopard, ounce, Panthera uncia|
|290 | jaguar, panther, Panthera onca, Felis onca|
|291 | lion, king of beasts, Panthera leo|
|292 | tiger, Panthera tigris|
|293 | cheetah, chetah, Acinonyx jubatus|
|294 | brown bear, bruin, Ursus arctos|
|295 | American black bear, black bear, Ursus americanus, Euarctos americanus|
|296 | ice bear, polar bear, Ursus Maritimus, Thalarctos maritimus|
|297 | sloth bear, Melursus ursinus, Ursus ursinus|
|298 | mongoose|
|299 | meerkat, mierkat|
|300 | tiger beetle|
|301 | ladybug, ladybeetle, lady beetle, ladybird, ladybird beetle|
|302 | ground beetle, carabid beetle|
|303 | long-horned beetle, longicorn, longicorn beetle|
|304 | leaf beetle, chrysomelid|
|305 | dung beetle|
|306 | rhinoceros beetle|
|307 | weevil|
|308 | fly|
|309 | bee|
|310 | ant, emmet, pismire|
|311 | grasshopper, hopper|
|312 | cricket|
|313 | walking stick, walkingstick, stick insect|
|314 | cockroach, roach|
|315 | mantis, mantid|
|316 | cicada, cicala|
|317 | leafhopper|
|318 | lacewing, lacewing fly|
|319 | dragonfly, darning needle, devil's darning needle, sewing needle, snake feeder, snake doctor, mosquito hawk, skeeter hawk|
|320 | damselfly|
|321 | admiral|
|322 | ringlet, ringlet butterfly|
|323 | monarch, monarch butterfly, milkweed butterfly, Danaus plexippus|
|324 | cabbage butterfly|
|325 | sulphur butterfly, sulfur butterfly|
|326 | lycaenid, lycaenid butterfly|
|327 | starfish, sea star|
|328 | sea urchin|
|329 | sea cucumber, holothurian|
|330 | wood rabbit, cottontail, cottontail rabbit|
|331 | hare|
|332 | Angora, Angora rabbit|
|333 | hamster|
|334 | porcupine, hedgehog|
|335 | fox squirrel, eastern fox squirrel, Sciurus niger|
|336 | marmot|
|337 | beaver|
|338 | guinea pig, Cavia cobaya|
|339 | sorrel|
|340 | zebra|
|341 | hog, pig, grunter, squealer, Sus scrofa|
|342 | wild boar, boar, Sus scrofa|
|343 | warthog|
|344 | hippopotamus, hippo, river horse, Hippopotamus amphibius|
|345 | ox|
|346 | water buffalo, water ox, Asiatic buffalo, Bubalus bubalis|
|347 | bison|
|348 | ram, tup|
|349 | bighorn, bighorn sheep, cimarron, Rocky Mountain bighorn, Rocky Mountain sheep, Ovis canadensis|
|350 | ibex, Capra ibex|
|351 | hartebeest|
|352 | impala, Aepyceros melampus|
|353 | gazelle|
|354 | Arabian camel, dromedary, Camelus dromedarius|
|355 | llama|
|356 | weasel|
|357 | mink|
|358 | polecat, fitch, foulmart, foumart, Mustela putorius|
|359 | black-footed ferret, ferret, Mustela nigripes|
|360 | otter|
|361 | skunk, polecat, wood pussy|
|362 | badger|
|363 | armadillo|
|364 | three-toed sloth, ai, Bradypus tridactylus|
|365 | orangutan, orang, orangutang, Pongo pygmaeus|
|366 | gorilla, Gorilla gorilla|
|367 | chimpanzee, chimp, Pan troglodytes|
|368 | gibbon, Hylobates lar|
|369 | siamang, Hylobates syndactylus, Symphalangus syndactylus|
|370 | guenon, guenon monkey|
|371 | patas, hussar monkey, Erythrocebus patas|
|372 | baboon|
|373 | macaque|
|374 | langur|
|375 | colobus, colobus monkey|
|376 | proboscis monkey, Nasalis larvatus|
|377 | marmoset|
|378 | capuchin, ringtail, Cebus capucinus|
|379 | howler monkey, howler|
|380 | titi, titi monkey|
|381 | spider monkey, Ateles geoffroyi|
|382 | squirrel monkey, Saimiri sciureus|
|383 | Madagascar cat, ring-tailed lemur, Lemur catta|
|384 | indri, indris, Indri indri, Indri brevicaudatus|
|385 | Indian elephant, Elephas maximus|
|386 | African elephant, Loxodonta africana|
|387 | lesser panda, red panda, panda, bear cat, cat bear, Ailurus fulgens|
|388 | giant panda, panda, panda bear, coon bear, Ailuropoda melanoleuca|
|389 | barracouta, snoek|
|390 | eel|
|391 | coho, cohoe, coho salmon, blue jack, silver salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch|
|392 | rock beauty, Holocanthus tricolor|
|393 | anemone fish|
|394 | sturgeon|
|395 | gar, garfish, garpike, billfish, Lepisosteus osseus|
|396 | lionfish|
|397 | puffer, pufferfish, blowfish, globefish|
|398 | abacus|
|399 | abaya|
|400 | academic gown, academic robe, judge's robe|
|401 | accordion, piano accordion, squeeze box|
|402 | acoustic guitar|
|403 | aircraft carrier, carrier, flattop, attack aircraft carrier|
|404 | airliner|
|405 | airship, dirigible|
|406 | altar|
|407 | ambulance|
|408 | amphibian, amphibious vehicle|
|409 | analog clock|
|410 | apiary, bee house|
|411 | apron|
|412 | ashcan, trash can, garbage can, wastebin, ash bin, ash-bin, ashbin, dustbin, trash barrel, trash bin|
|413 | assault rifle, assault gun|
|414 | backpack, back pack, knapsack, packsack, rucksack, haversack|
|415 | bakery, bakeshop, bakehouse|
|416 | balance beam, beam|
|417 | balloon|
|418 | ballpoint, ballpoint pen, ballpen, Biro|
|419 | Band Aid|
|420 | banjo|
|421 | bannister, banister, balustrade, balusters, handrail|
|422 | barbell|
|423 | barber chair|
|424 | barbershop|
|425 | barn|
|426 | barometer|
|427 | barrel, cask|
|428 | barrow, garden cart, lawn cart, wheelbarrow|
|429 | baseball|
|430 | basketball|
|431 | bassinet|
|432 | bassoon|
|433 | bathing cap, swimming cap|
|434 | bath towel|
|435 | bathtub, bathing tub, bath, tub|
|436 | beach wagon, station wagon, wagon, estate car, beach waggon, station waggon, waggon|
|437 | beacon, lighthouse, beacon light, pharos|
|438 | beaker|
|439 | bearskin, busby, shako|
|440 | beer bottle|
|441 | beer glass|
|442 | bell cote, bell cot|
|443 | bib|
|444 | bicycle-built-for-two, tandem bicycle, tandem|
|445 | bikini, two-piece|
|446 | binder, ring-binder|
|447 | binoculars, field glasses, opera glasses|
|448 | birdhouse|
|449 | boathouse|
|450 | bobsled, bobsleigh, bob|
|451 | bolo tie, bolo, bola tie, bola|
|452 | bonnet, poke bonnet|
|453 | bookcase|
|454 | bookshop, bookstore, bookstall|
|455 | bottlecap|
|456 | bow|
|457 | bow tie, bow-tie, bowtie|
|458 | brass, memorial tablet, plaque|
|459 | brassiere, bra, bandeau|
|460 | breakwater, groin, groyne, mole, bulwark, seawall, jetty|
|461 | breastplate, aegis, egis|
|462 | broom|
|463 | bucket, pail|
|464 | buckle|
|465 | bulletproof vest|
|466 | bullet train, bullet|
|467 | butcher shop, meat market|
|468 | cab, hack, taxi, taxicab|
|469 | caldron, cauldron|
|470 | candle, taper, wax light|
|471 | cannon|
|472 | canoe|
|473 | can opener, tin opener|
|474 | cardigan|
|475 | car mirror|
|476 | carousel, carrousel, merry-go-round, roundabout, whirligig|
|477 | carpenter's kit, tool kit|
|478 | carton|
|479 | car wheel|
|480 | cash machine, cash dispenser, automated teller machine, automatic teller machine, automated teller, automatic teller, ATM|
|481 | cassette|
|482 | cassette player|
|483 | castle|
|484 | catamaran|
|485 | CD player|
|486 | cello, violoncello|
|487 | cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, cell, mobile phone|
|488 | chain|
|489 | chainlink fence|
|490 | chain mail, ring mail, mail, chain armor, chain armour, ring armor, ring armour|
|491 | chain saw, chainsaw|
|492 | chest|
|493 | chiffonier, commode|
|494 | chime, bell, gong|
|495 | china cabinet, china closet|
|496 | Christmas stocking|
|497 | church, church building|
|498 | cinema, movie theater, movie theatre, movie house, picture palace|
|499 | cleaver, meat cleaver, chopper|
|500 | cliff dwelling|
|501 | cloak|
|502 | clog, geta, patten, sabot|
|503 | cocktail shaker|
|504 | coffee mug|
|505 | coffeepot|
|506 | coil, spiral, volute, whorl, helix|
|507 | combination lock|
|508 | computer keyboard, keypad|
|509 | confectionery, confectionary, candy store|
|510 | container ship, containership, container vessel|
|511 | convertible|
|512 | corkscrew, bottle screw|
|513 | cornet, horn, trumpet, trump|
|514 | cowboy boot|
|515 | cowboy hat, ten-gallon hat|
|516 | cradle|
|517 | crane_1|
|518 | crash helmet|
|519 | crate|
|520 | crib, cot|
|521 | Crock Pot|
|522 | croquet ball|
|523 | crutch|
|524 | cuirass|
|525 | dam, dike, dyke|
|526 | desk|
|527 | desktop computer|
|528 | dial telephone, dial phone|
|529 | diaper, nappy, napkin|
|530 | digital clock|
|531 | digital watch|
|532 | dining table, board|
|533 | dishrag, dishcloth|
|534 | dishwasher, dish washer, dishwashing machine|
|535 | disk brake, disc brake|
|536 | dock, dockage, docking facility|
|537 | dogsled, dog sled, dog sleigh|
|538 | dome|
|539 | doormat, welcome mat|
|540 | drilling platform, offshore rig|
|541 | drum, membranophone, tympan|
|542 | drumstick|
|543 | dumbbell|
|544 | Dutch oven|
|545 | electric fan, blower|
|546 | electric guitar|
|547 | electric locomotive|
|548 | entertainment center|
|549 | envelope|
|550 | espresso maker|
|551 | face powder|
|552 | feather boa, boa|
|553 | file, file cabinet, filing cabinet|
|554 | fireboat|
|555 | fire engine, fire truck|
|556 | fire screen, fireguard|
|557 | flagpole, flagstaff|
|558 | flute, transverse flute|
|559 | folding chair|
|560 | football helmet|
|561 | forklift|
|562 | fountain|
|563 | fountain pen|
|564 | four-poster|
|565 | freight car|
|566 | French horn, horn|
|567 | frying pan, frypan, skillet|
|568 | fur coat|
|569 | garbage truck, dustcart|
|570 | gasmask, respirator, gas helmet|
|571 | gas pump, gasoline pump, petrol pump, island dispenser|
|572 | goblet|
|573 | go-kart|
|574 | golf ball|
|575 | golfcart, golf cart|
|576 | gondola|
|577 | gong, tam-tam|
|578 | gown|
|579 | grand piano, grand|
|580 | greenhouse, nursery, glasshouse|
|581 | grille, radiator grille|
|582 | grocery store, grocery, food market, market|
|583 | guillotine|
|584 | hair slide|
|585 | hair spray|
|586 | half track|
|587 | hammer|
|588 | hamper|
|589 | hand blower, blow dryer, blow drier, hair dryer, hair drier|
|590 | hand-held computer, hand-held microcomputer|
|591 | handkerchief, hankie, hanky, hankey|
|592 | hard disc, hard disk, fixed disk|
|593 | harmonica, mouth organ, harp, mouth harp|
|594 | harp|
|595 | harvester, reaper|
|596 | hatchet|
|597 | holster|
|598 | home theater, home theatre|
|599 | honeycomb|
|600 | hook, claw|
|601 | hoopskirt, crinoline|
|602 | horizontal bar, high bar|
|603 | horse cart, horse-cart|
|604 | hourglass|
|605 | iPod|
|606 | iron, smoothing iron|
|607 | jack-o'-lantern|
|608 | jean, blue jean, denim|
|609 | jeep, landrover|
|610 | jersey, T-shirt, tee shirt|
|611 | jigsaw puzzle|
|612 | jinrikisha, ricksha, rickshaw|
|613 | joystick|
|614 | kimono|
|615 | knee pad|
|616 | knot|
|617 | lab coat, laboratory coat|
|618 | ladle|
|619 | lampshade, lamp shade|
|620 | laptop, laptop computer|
|621 | lawn mower, mower|
|622 | lens cap, lens cover|
|623 | letter opener, paper knife, paperknife|
|624 | library|
|625 | lifeboat|
|626 | lighter, light, igniter, ignitor|
|627 | limousine, limo|
|628 | liner, ocean liner|
|629 | lipstick, lip rouge|
|630 | Loafer|
|631 | lotion|
|632 | loudspeaker, speaker, speaker unit, loudspeaker system, speaker system|
|633 | loupe, jeweler's loupe|
|634 | lumbermill, sawmill|
|635 | magnetic compass|
|636 | mailbag, postbag|
|637 | mailbox, letter box|
|638 | maillot|
|639 | maillot, tank suit|
|640 | manhole cover|
|641 | maraca|
|642 | marimba, xylophone|
|643 | mask|
|644 | matchstick|
|645 | maypole|
|646 | maze, labyrinth|
|647 | measuring cup|
|648 | medicine chest, medicine cabinet|
|649 | megalith, megalithic structure|
|650 | microphone, mike|
|651 | microwave, microwave oven|
|652 | military uniform|
|653 | milk can|
|654 | minibus|
|655 | miniskirt, mini|
|656 | minivan|
|657 | missile|
|658 | mitten|
|659 | mixing bowl|
|660 | mobile home, manufactured home|
|661 | Model T|
|662 | modem|
|663 | monastery|
|664 | monitor|
|665 | moped|
|666 | mortar|
|667 | mortarboard|
|668 | mosque|
|669 | mosquito net|
|670 | motor scooter, scooter|
|671 | mountain bike, all-terrain bike, off-roader|
|672 | mountain tent|
|673 | mouse, computer mouse|
|674 | mousetrap|
|675 | moving van|
|676 | muzzle|
|677 | nail|
|678 | neck brace|
|679 | necklace|
|680 | nipple|
|681 | notebook, notebook computer|
|682 | obelisk|
|683 | oboe, hautboy, hautbois|
|684 | ocarina, sweet potato|
|685 | odometer, hodometer, mileometer, milometer|
|686 | oil filter|
|687 | organ, pipe organ|
|688 | oscilloscope, scope, cathode-ray oscilloscope, CRO|
|689 | overskirt|
|690 | oxcart|
|691 | oxygen mask|
|692 | packet|
|693 | paddle, boat paddle|
|694 | paddlewheel, paddle wheel|
|695 | padlock|
|696 | paintbrush|
|697 | pajama, pyjama, pj's, jammies|
|698 | palace|
|699 | panpipe, pandean pipe, syrinx|
|700 | paper towel|
|701 | parachute, chute|
|702 | parallel bars, bars|
|703 | park bench|
|704 | parking meter|
|705 | passenger car, coach, carriage|
|706 | patio, terrace|
|707 | pay-phone, pay-station|
|708 | pedestal, plinth, footstall|
|709 | pencil box, pencil case|
|710 | pencil sharpener|
|711 | perfume, essence|
|712 | Petri dish|
|713 | photocopier|
|714 | pick, plectrum, plectron|
|715 | pickelhaube|
|716 | picket fence, paling|
|717 | pickup, pickup truck|
|718 | pier|
|719 | piggy bank, penny bank|
|720 | pill bottle|
|721 | pillow|
|722 | ping-pong ball|
|723 | pinwheel|
|724 | pirate, pirate ship|
|725 | pitcher, ewer|
|726 | plane, carpenter's plane, woodworking plane|
|727 | planetarium|
|728 | plastic bag|
|729 | plate rack|
|730 | plow, plough|
|731 | plunger, plumber's helper|
|732 | Polaroid camera, Polaroid Land camera|
|733 | pole|
|734 | police van, police wagon, paddy wagon, patrol wagon, wagon, black Maria|
|735 | poncho|
|736 | pool table, billiard table, snooker table|
|737 | pop bottle, soda bottle|
|738 | pot, flowerpot|
|739 | potter's wheel|
|740 | power drill|
|741 | prayer rug, prayer mat|
|742 | printer|
|743 | prison, prison house|
|744 | projectile, missile|
|745 | projector|
|746 | puck, hockey puck|
|747 | punching bag, punch bag, punching ball, punchball|
|748 | purse|
|749 | quill, quill pen|
|750 | quilt, comforter, comfort, puff|
|751 | racer, race car, racing car|
|752 | racket, racquet|
|753 | radiator|
|754 | radio, wireless|
|755 | radio telescope, radio reflector|
|756 | rain barrel|
|757 | recreational vehicle, RV, R.V.|
|758 | reel|
|759 | reflex camera|
|760 | refrigerator, icebox|
|761 | remote control, remote|
|762 | restaurant, eating house, eating place, eatery|
|763 | revolver, six-gun, six-shooter|
|764 | rifle|
|765 | rocking chair, rocker|
|766 | rotisserie|
|767 | rubber eraser, rubber, pencil eraser|
|768 | rugby ball|
|769 | rule, ruler|
|770 | running shoe|
|771 | safe|
|772 | safety pin|
|773 | saltshaker, salt shaker|
|774 | sandal|
|775 | sarong|
|776 | sax, saxophone|
|777 | scabbard|
|778 | scale, weighing machine|
|779 | school bus|
|780 | schooner|
|781 | scoreboard|
|782 | screen, CRT screen|
|783 | screw|
|784 | screwdriver|
|785 | seat belt, seatbelt|
|786 | sewing machine|
|787 | shield, buckler|
|788 | shoe shop, shoe-shop, shoe store|
|789 | shoji|
|790 | shopping basket|
|791 | shopping cart|
|792 | shovel|
|793 | shower cap|
|794 | shower curtain|
|795 | ski|
|796 | ski mask|
|797 | sleeping bag|
|798 | slide rule, slipstick|
|799 | sliding door|
|800 | slot, one-armed bandit|
|801 | snorkel|
|802 | snowmobile|
|803 | snowplow, snowplough|
|804 | soap dispenser|
|805 | soccer ball|
|806 | sock|
|807 | solar dish, solar collector, solar furnace|
|808 | sombrero|
|809 | soup bowl|
|810 | space bar|
|811 | space heater|
|812 | space shuttle|
|813 | spatula|
|814 | speedboat|
|815 | spider web, spider's web|
|816 | spindle|
|817 | sports car, sport car|
|818 | spotlight, spot|
|819 | stage|
|820 | steam locomotive|
|821 | steel arch bridge|
|822 | steel drum|
|823 | stethoscope|
|824 | stole|
|825 | stone wall|
|826 | stopwatch, stop watch|
|827 | stove|
|828 | strainer|
|829 | streetcar, tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car|
|830 | stretcher|
|831 | studio couch, day bed|
|832 | stupa, tope|
|833 | submarine, pigboat, sub, U-boat|
|834 | suit, suit of clothes|
|835 | sundial|
|836 | sunglass|
|837 | sunglasses, dark glasses, shades|
|838 | sunscreen, sunblock, sun blocker|
|839 | suspension bridge|
|840 | swab, swob, mop|
|841 | sweatshirt|
|842 | swimming trunks, bathing trunks|
|843 | swing|
|844 | switch, electric switch, electrical switch|
|845 | syringe|
|846 | table lamp|
|847 | tank, army tank, armored combat vehicle, armoured combat vehicle|
|848 | tape player|
|849 | teapot|
|850 | teddy, teddy bear|
|851 | television, television system|
|852 | tennis ball|
|853 | thatch, thatched roof|
|854 | theater curtain, theatre curtain|
|855 | thimble|
|856 | thresher, thrasher, threshing machine|
|857 | throne|
|858 | tile roof|
|859 | toaster|
|860 | tobacco shop, tobacconist shop, tobacconist|
|861 | toilet seat|
|862 | torch|
|863 | totem pole|
|864 | tow truck, tow car, wrecker|
|865 | toyshop|
|866 | tractor|
|867 | trailer truck, tractor trailer, trucking rig, rig, articulated lorry, semi|
|868 | tray|
|869 | trench coat|
|870 | tricycle, trike, velocipede|
|871 | trimaran|
|872 | tripod|
|873 | triumphal arch|
|874 | trolleybus, trolley coach, trackless trolley|
|875 | trombone|
|876 | tub, vat|
|877 | turnstile|
|878 | typewriter keyboard|
|879 | umbrella|
|880 | unicycle, monocycle|
|881 | upright, upright piano|
|882 | vacuum, vacuum cleaner|
|883 | vase|
|884 | vault|
|885 | velvet|
|886 | vending machine|
|887 | vestment|
|888 | viaduct|
|889 | violin, fiddle|
|890 | volleyball|
|891 | waffle iron|
|892 | wall clock|
|893 | wallet, billfold, notecase, pocketbook|
|894 | wardrobe, closet, press|
|895 | warplane, military plane|
|896 | washbasin, handbasin, washbowl, lavabo, wash-hand basin|
|897 | washer, automatic washer, washing machine|
|898 | water bottle|
|899 | water jug|
|900 | water tower|
|901 | whiskey jug|
|902 | whistle|
|903 | wig|
|904 | window screen|
|905 | window shade|
|906 | Windsor tie|
|907 | wine bottle|
|908 | wing|
|909 | wok|
|910 | wooden spoon|
|911 | wool, woolen, woollen|
|912 | worm fence, snake fence, snake-rail fence, Virginia fence|
|913 | wreck|
|914 | yawl|
|915 | yurt|
|916 | web site, website, internet site, site|
|917 | comic book|
|918 | crossword puzzle, crossword|
|919 | street sign|
|920 | traffic light, traffic signal, stoplight|
|921 | book jacket, dust cover, dust jacket, dust wrapper|
|922 | menu|
|923 | plate|
|924 | guacamole|
|925 | consomme|
|926 | hot pot, hotpot|
|927 | trifle|
|928 | ice cream, icecream|
|929 | ice lolly, lolly, lollipop, popsicle|
|930 | French loaf|
|931 | bagel, beigel|
|932 | pretzel|
|933 | cheeseburger|
|934 | hotdog, hot dog, red hot|
|935 | mashed potato|
|936 | head cabbage|
|937 | broccoli|
|938 | cauliflower|
|939 | zucchini, courgette|
|940 | spaghetti squash|
|941 | acorn squash|
|942 | butternut squash|
|943 | cucumber, cuke|
|944 | artichoke, globe artichoke|
|945 | bell pepper|
|946 | cardoon|
|947 | mushroom|
|948 | Granny Smith|
|949 | strawberry|
|950 | orange|
|951 | lemon|
|952 | fig|
|953 | pineapple, ananas|
|954 | banana|
|955 | jackfruit, jak, jack|
|956 | custard apple|
|957 | pomegranate|
|958 | hay|
|959 | carbonara|
|960 | chocolate sauce, chocolate syrup|
|961 | dough|
|962 | meat loaf, meatloaf|
|963 | pizza, pizza pie|
|964 | potpie|
|965 | burrito|
|966 | red wine|
|967 | espresso|
|968 | cup|
|969 | eggnog|
|970 | alp|
|971 | bubble|
|972 | cliff, drop, drop-off|
|973 | coral reef|
|974 | geyser|
|975 | lakeside, lakeshore|
|976 | promontory, headland, head, foreland|
|977 | sandbar, sand bar|
|978 | seashore, coast, seacoast, sea-coast|
|979 | valley, vale|
|980 | volcano|
|981 | ballplayer, baseball player|
|982 | groom, bridegroom|
|983 | scuba diver|
|984 | rapeseed|
|985 | daisy|
|986 | yellow lady's slipper, yellow lady-slipper, Cypripedium calceolus, Cypripedium parviflorum|
|987 | corn|
|988 | acorn|
|989 | hip, rose hip, rosehip|
|990 | buckeye, horse chestnut, conker|
|991 | coral fungus|
|992 | agaric|
|993 | gyromitra|
|994 | stinkhorn, carrion fungus|
|995 | earthstar|
|996 | hen-of-the-woods, hen of the woods, Polyporus frondosus, Grifola frondosa|
|997 | bolete|
|998 | ear, spike, capitulum|
|999 | toilet tissue, toilet paper, bathroom tissue|
</details>
### Data Splits
This dataset is a validation-only set.
## Dataset Creation
### Source Data
This dataset is sourced from ImageNet, ImageNet-ReaL, ImageNet-V2, ImageNet-A, ImageNet-C, ImageNet-R, ImageNet-Sketch, and ObjectNet.
## Citation Information
```
@article{taesiri2023zoom,
title={ImageNet-Hard: The Hardest Images Remaining from a Study of the Power of Zoom and Spatial Biases in Image Classification},
author={Taesiri, Mohammad Reza and Nguyen, Giang and Habchi, Sarra and Bezemer, Cor-Paul and Nguyen, Anh},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2304.05538},
year={2023}
}
``` | 36,363 | [
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findnitai/english-to-hinglish | 2023-06-21T05:02:50.000Z | [
"task_categories:translation",
"task_categories:text-generation",
"size_categories:10K<n<100K",
"language:hi",
"language:en",
"license:apache-2.0",
"region:us"
] | findnitai | null | null | 5 | 365 | 2023-06-21T04:21:28 | ---
license: apache-2.0
task_categories:
- translation
- text-generation
language:
- hi
- en
size_categories:
- 10K<n<100K
pretty_name: Hinglish
---
English to Hinglish Dataset aggregated from publicly available datasources.
Sources:
1. Hinglish TOP Dataset
2. CMU English Dog
3. HinGE
4. PHINC
source : 1 - Human Annotated ,
source : 0 - Synthetically Generated | 367 | [
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result-kand2-sdxl-wuerst-karlo/46328984 | 2023-09-14T18:58:10.000Z | [
"region:us"
] | result-kand2-sdxl-wuerst-karlo | null | null | 0 | 365 | 2023-09-14T18:58:09 | ---
dataset_info:
features:
- name: result
dtype: string
- name: id
dtype: int64
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 209
num_examples: 10
download_size: 1390
dataset_size: 209
configs:
- config_name: default
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/train-*
---
# Dataset Card for "46328984"
[More Information needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards) | 455 | [
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result-kand2-sdxl-wuerst-karlo/b5ddd948 | 2023-09-15T04:06:31.000Z | [
"region:us"
] | result-kand2-sdxl-wuerst-karlo | null | null | 0 | 365 | 2023-09-15T04:06:30 | ---
dataset_info:
features:
- name: result
dtype: string
- name: id
dtype: int64
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 205
num_examples: 10
download_size: 1388
dataset_size: 205
configs:
- config_name: default
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/train-*
---
# Dataset Card for "b5ddd948"
[More Information needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards) | 455 | [
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result-kand2-sdxl-wuerst-karlo/323c0619 | 2023-09-15T06:43:16.000Z | [
"region:us"
] | result-kand2-sdxl-wuerst-karlo | null | null | 0 | 365 | 2023-09-15T06:43:16 | ---
dataset_info:
features:
- name: result
dtype: string
- name: id
dtype: int64
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 236
num_examples: 10
download_size: 1424
dataset_size: 236
configs:
- config_name: default
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/train-*
---
# Dataset Card for "323c0619"
[More Information needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards) | 455 | [
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result-kand2-sdxl-wuerst-karlo/f0cdf5c4 | 2023-09-15T09:18:20.000Z | [
"region:us"
] | result-kand2-sdxl-wuerst-karlo | null | null | 0 | 365 | 2023-09-15T09:18:19 | ---
dataset_info:
features:
- name: result
dtype: string
- name: id
dtype: int64
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 207
num_examples: 10
download_size: 1427
dataset_size: 207
configs:
- config_name: default
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/train-*
---
# Dataset Card for "f0cdf5c4"
[More Information needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards) | 455 | [
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result-kand2-sdxl-wuerst-karlo/d6e12779 | 2023-09-15T09:41:14.000Z | [
"region:us"
] | result-kand2-sdxl-wuerst-karlo | null | null | 0 | 365 | 2023-09-15T09:41:13 | ---
dataset_info:
features:
- name: result
dtype: string
- name: id
dtype: int64
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 208
num_examples: 10
download_size: 1403
dataset_size: 208
configs:
- config_name: default
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/train-*
---
# Dataset Card for "d6e12779"
[More Information needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards) | 455 | [
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HAERAE-HUB/csatqa | 2023-09-10T17:12:24.000Z | [
"task_categories:multiple-choice",
"language:ko",
"region:us"
] | HAERAE-HUB | CSAT-QA | \ | 6 | 364 | 2023-07-13T05:41:47 | ---
dataset_info:
features:
- name: test_name
dtype: string
- name: question_number
dtype: int64
- name: context
dtype: string
- name: question
dtype: string
- name: gold
dtype: int64
- name: option#1
dtype: string
- name: option#2
dtype: string
- name: option#3
dtype: string
- name: option#4
dtype: string
- name: option#5
dtype: string
- name: Category
dtype: string
- name: Human_Peformance
dtype: float64
- name: __index_level_0__
dtype: int64
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 4220807
num_examples: 936
download_size: 1076028
dataset_size: 4220807
task_categories:
- multiple-choice
language:
- ko
---
# Dataset Card for "CSAT-QA"
## Dataset Summary
The field of Korean Language Processing is experiencing a surge in interest,
illustrated by the introduction of open-source models such as Polyglot-Ko and proprietary models like HyperClova.
Yet, as the development of larger and superior language models accelerates, evaluation methods aren't keeping pace.
Recognizing this gap, we at HAE-RAE are dedicated to creating tailored benchmarks for the rigorous evaluation of these models.
CSAT-QA is a comprehensive collection of 936 multiple choice question answering (MCQA) questions,
manually collected the College Scholastic Ability Test (CSAT), a rigorous Korean University entrance exam.
The CSAT-QA is divided into two subsets: a complete version encompassing all 936 questions,
and a smaller, specialized version used for targeted evaluations.
The smaller subset further diversifies into six distinct categories:
Writing (WR), Grammar (GR), Reading Comprehension: Science (RCS), Reading Comprehension: Social Science (RCSS),
Reading Comprehension: Humanities (RCH), and Literature (LI). Moreover, the smaller subset includes the recorded accuracy of South Korean students,
providing a valuable real-world performance benchmark.
For a detailed explanation of how the CSAT-QA was created
please check out the [accompanying blog post](https://github.com/guijinSON/hae-rae/blob/main/blog/CSAT-QA.md),
and for evaluation check out [LM-Eval-Harness](https://github.com/EleutherAI/lm-evaluation-harness) on github.
## Evaluation Results
| **Models** | **GR** | **LI** | **RCH** | **RCS** | **RCSS** | **WR** | **Average** |
|:-----------------:|:---------:|:---------:|:---------:|:---------:|:---------:|:---------:|:-----------:|
| polyglot-ko-12.8B | 32.0 | 29.73 | 17.14| 10.81 | 21.43 | 18.18 | 21.55|
| gpt-3.5-wo-token | 16.0 | 32.43 | 42.86 | 18.92 | 35.71 | 0.00 | 24.32 |
| gpt-3.5-w-token | 16.0 | 35.14 | 42.86 | 18.92 | 35.71 | 9.09 | 26.29 |
| gpt-4-wo-token | 40.0 | 54.05 | **68.57** | **59.46** | **69.05** | 36.36 | **54.58** |
| gpt-4-w-token | 36.0 | **56.76** | **68.57** | **59.46** | **69.05** | 36.36 | 54.37 |
| Human Performance | **45.41** | 54.38 | 48.7 | 39.93 | 44.54 | **54.0** | 47.83 |
## How to Use
The CSAT-QA includes two subsets. The full version with 936 questions can be downloaded using the following code:
```
from datasets import load_dataset
dataset = load_dataset("EleutherAI/CSAT-QA", "full")
```
A more condensed version, which includes human accuracy data, can be downloaded using the following code:
```
from datasets import load_dataset
import pandas as pd
dataset = load_dataset("EleutherAI/CSAT-QA", "GR") # Choose from either WR, GR, LI, RCH, RCS, RCSS,
```
## Evaluate using LM-Eval-Harness
To evaluate your model simply by using the LM-Eval-Harness by EleutherAI follow the steps below.
1. To install lm-eval from the github repository main branch, run:
```
git clone https://github.com/EleutherAI/lm-evaluation-harness
cd lm-evaluation-harness
pip install -e .
```
2. To install additional multilingual tokenization and text segmentation packages, you must install the package with the multilingual extra:
```
pip install -e ".[multilingual]"
```
3. Run the evaluation by:
```
python main.py \
--model hf-causal \
--model_args pretrained=EleutherAI/polyglot-ko-1.3b \
--tasks csatqa_wr,csatqa_gr,csatqa_rcs,csatqa_rcss,csatqa_rch,csatqa_li \
--device cuda:0
```
## License
The copyright of this material belongs to the Korea Institute for Curriculum and Evaluation(한국교육과정평가원) and may be used for research purposes only.
[More Information needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards) | 4,633 | [
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] |
englert-m/reconstruction | 2023-10-30T12:47:01.000Z | [
"region:us"
] | englert-m | null | null | 0 | 364 | 2023-10-10T03:37:34 | ---
dataset_info:
features:
- name: orig
dtype: uint32
- name: corrupted
dtype: image
- name: count
dtype: uint32
- name: xflip
dtype: int64
- name: yflip
dtype: int64
- name: scale
dtype: float32
- name: rotate_frac
dtype: float32
- name: aniso_w
dtype: float32
- name: aniso_r
dtype: float32
- name: translate_frac
sequence: float32
length: 2
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 103478894006.625
num_examples: 40695787
download_size: 0
dataset_size: 103478894006.625
configs:
- config_name: default
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/train-*
---
# Dataset Card for "reconstruction"
[More Information needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards) | 806 | [
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] |
yuchenlin/i-Mind2Web | 2023-10-13T09:41:53.000Z | [
"language:en",
"license:mit",
"region:us"
] | yuchenlin | null | null | 0 | 363 | 2023-10-10T21:45:04 | ---
license: mit
language:
- en
configs:
- config_name: default
data_files:
- split: test_mini
path: K=10/test_mini.json
- split: test_all
path: K=10/test_all.json
- split: dev
path: K=10/dev.json
- split: dev_5
path: K=10/K=5_dev.json
- split: train
path: K=10/train.json
- config_name: seq2seq
data_files:
- split: dev
path: seq2seq/dev.jsonl
- split: train
path: seq2seq/train.jsonl
---
null
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