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island; yet she ran down her country-folk most unmercifully. Certainly she was English in all her habits, and no wonder, for she had left her native land when only a few weeks old. Her quick wit and indomitable cheerfulness were all she owed to her Hibernian blood. By degrees it became the custom for her to tell us all...
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So we lost Mary, and Peggy reigned in her stead for some six weeks. I fancy I hear her now, singing at her work. She began to sing, in fact she always was singing, within an hour after she entered our house. She was eternally “crooning” over old Irish airs, and now and again she would supply the gap which treacherous m...
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on washing days whenever the kitchen door chanced to be left open. She, too, was fond of narrating her domestic trials, but certainly not a trace of trouble ever showed itself about her merry looking face. When questioned as to the number of her children, she re-plied that she had had ten children "and the last one was...
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My moustached friend looked horrified at first; and I, thinking it anything but a joke, was faint to explain. He laughed heartily when I did so, recommending that we should lock the door on the inside; for, he added slyly, “Peggy she may be, but swate Peggy! I” a shrug of the shoulders and shake of the head gave an ex...
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For some weeks after Peggy's departure, I worked unassisted; but a severe cold compelled me again to seek aid. After spending almost as much time as would have sufficed for the work itself, I at last met with an individual who expressed herself willing to oblige me by coming. But from her first entering the house she a...
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often stayed away, even when she had promised to come, for such very trifling reasons, that we thought it was simply to show how dependent we were upon her. Now, though I am quite willing to acknowledge the mutual obligation which exists between the employer and employed, I do not agree with my charwoman that she is t...
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Once a young woman was recommended to me very highly. I
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was told she had been the best servant in a country town, and I thought her one of the most attractive persons I had ever seen. I engaged her, and for a whole year, wet or dry, winter or summer, punctually as the clock struck seven, twice a week came Elizabeth. She was, I may say, a perfect servant, and thoroughly sati...
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How easy it became to comprehend why she had lavished so much regard on our little orphan guest. It had been in Elizabeth’s eyes the representative of her own absent baby, the recipient of a mother’s yearning love. I felt—how could I help it?—a great esteem for this young woman, who, without in any way defending what w...
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WHAT MIGHT BE DONE FOR CHARWOMEN AND THEIR EMPLOYERS. I should not have entered so fully into Elizabeth's story, had I not needed it to illustrate a portion of my idea of what might be done to obviate the inconveniences felt by those who need occasional assistance in their homes, to prevent any loss of time or difficu...
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. CHAPTER II.
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having to tramp into some dirty court in search of it, it would only be necessary for the house-mother to apply at The Home, or refer to the pages of the register. Then, too, if the charwoman's employer would, after a fair trial, give her assistant a character, or permit a reference to her for the guidance of others w...
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APRIL 17, 1860. To the "intelligent stranger" who looks leisurely into the windows of Parisian booksellers, few signs of the times are so remarkable as the number of works upon the position, the duties, the health, the beauty, and the moral nature of women. An English gentleman passing through the streets one day last...
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( 194 ) XXVIII.—FROM PARIS.
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lence of woman as a wife and mother. There is, however, an old proverb to the effect that some remedies are worse than the evils they profess to cure. Michelet's defence appears to be profoundly displeasing to the more intelligent among Frenchwomen. I will now pass on to the "Revue," the article is on Dr. Elizabeth Bla...
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“I do not see that French writers have examined what England has to say in those philosophical, moral, historical, or economical treatises which relate to women. In calling attention to one remarkable fact due to English influence, (the career of Miss Blackwell,) I do not pretend to supply our vast omission, I only hop...
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"The English do not ask physiology to reveal the secrets of the feminine genius; they put feminine capacities to actual proof, in giving work-tools into the hand of woman. They begin on the lowest level, with little economical improvements, while we are mounting up continually into the ethered regions of philosophy. Ev...
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" So far, therefore, as public morals and manners are concerned,
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there is no use in pre-occupying one's mind, as is so constantly done here, upon the structure of the female brain, and the essence of the feminine soul, while it is absolutely and immediately necessary that the problems of material existence should receive some sort of solution. Why should they be disdained? Do they t...
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Here the writer proceeds to give some details of the meeting of the Association at Bradford last October ; of the discussion on female labor ; and the formation of the committee for investigating the question of the employment of women ; and speaks further on of the lectures given last year by Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell, ...
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Birmingham, Liverpool and Manchester, and more particularly of their connection with the laws of life and health; resuming thus — “ Far from me be the thought of a discontented allusion to those writers of my own country who have treated the same topics with so much celer. No; I do not regret the noise which the two b...
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"I have said thus much upon the social progress shown in the condition of women in England, in order that the example which
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I am about to give of the individual development which a few among us can attain, may be better understood. The truth is that in England feminine activity is respected, but not favored; that it is infinitely more difficult for a woman, than for a man, to make the same amount of talent available; but that if against win...
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The Englishwoman in Italy. Impressions of Life in the Roman States and Sardinia, during a Ten Years' Residence. By Mrs. G. Gretton. Hurst and Blackett, Great Marlborough Street. Those who at the words "an Englishwoman in Italy," see the vision rise before them, which the epithet conjured up for us, will, as we did, fe...
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XXIX.—NOTICES OF BOOKS. -
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into so-called bargains, or—for the two extremes generally go together—barggling over the payment of a few miserable hard earned coins; priding herself on her utter want of sympathy with the feelings and ideas of the fellow-creatures among whom she dwells; despising their institutions, yet profoundly ignorant of those ...
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There are many mistakes of detail, especially in the portion relating to Piedmont, but perhaps not of sufficient importance to deserve notice, were it not for an assumption of extreme exactitude, and were it not, too, that they invariably occur so as to give a more amusing color to a description, or stronger weight to ...
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by the absurd and ridiculous arguments she puts into their mouths. It is as like reality as Pantaloon in a pantomime is like a foolish old gentleman, or as a popular representation of a Tory squire at the Victoria would be like the reality. Living persons are spoken of with somewhat questionable taste and very much wit...
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She describes one of the numerous confraternities, consisting of laymen of all ranks, who devote a portion of their spare time to offices of charity, visiting and assisting prisoners, the sick, and others. Who the members are is in general kept secret, but Mrs. Gretton assumes that if their hoods fell off they would be...
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in the case of the confraternities, of practical works of charity, she dismisses such things as a "paradox," and in many cases informs us of imperfect motives, and often of what is the real state of the heart of an apparently zealous worker or devout worshipper. Verily the recording Angel could not show a more intimate...
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And from some better motive too let us hope. After relating an instance of an acquaintance's impertinent curiosity;---
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*** Yet it is wonderful to notice that the servants thus talked to, and let into the prying weakness of their masters' dispositions, are never impertinent, nor outstep the boundary of the most obsequious respect and humility. Strange indescribable people! I lay down my pen and laugh, as recollections without number of...
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'' Look at that, look at that! ' chuckled the Canonico rubbing his hands with glee, ' that is the lace which all the ladies of Loretto and Recanati and Macerata—yes all of them together—are envious of when I walk in the
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procession of the Corpus Domini. I have been offered five hundred dollars for it by a Russian Princess, who came here on a pilgrimage; but I could not make up my mind to part with it. Look at that tracery—look at that ground; it is perfect—not a thread broken; and he desecrated on it with the zeal of a commissariat. Wh...
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drawing-rooms, and literary and fashionable coteries. Yes, you are sick of the cry; would to God you were sick of the reality; would that that could reach you in the midst of your luxurious haunts and pursuits, side by side with the cry raised for our oppressed and suffering sisters, by those bent upon searching them o...
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"The most experienced hands in this trade earn 9s. a week, working twelve hours a day; but this price of labor refers only to those who have risen to the highest branch of the business. "The best French flowers, as they are termed, made, however, in England, and sold under a lie, to deceive those who profess to wear no...
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"The manufacture of candle wicks is another employment in which children and women are engaged. A great deal of it is done by machinery, after
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Flower Work. The following is a list of the principal flowers which are in bloom during the month of May, and which may be used for decoration purposes:— Roses, Sweet William, Wallflowers, Forget-me-nots, Stocks, Primroses, Anemones, Cowslips, Tulips, Hyacinths, Jonquils, Daffodils, Crocuses, Narcissus, Lilies, Pansi...
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Candle-wick Makers.
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which the plaited cotton is wound into balls, cut into required lengths, tied up in hundreds, and then given to women to loop and sew with needle and thread. The payment they receive for this kind of labor is at the rate of 6d. a thousand; and to perform three thousand a day, which seems the usual self-imposed task, th...
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" Gloves are paid 3d. a pair, the sewer finding her own silk. "
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“The warehouses and agents who employ women in this capacity pay for lining, binding, and making the eyelet holes in a pair of lady’s kid walking-boots, 1s. a pair: lighter house boots, 6d., etc. It takes a whole day to do a pair of the former, and they find their own needles and thread. The hardness of the leather bre...
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“A half-penny a piece, 6d. a dozen.” Our space forbids further extracts. We shall return to this valuable little book on another occasion. _An Essay on Life Assurance, etc._ By H. W. Porter, B.A. London: Layton. We gladly hail any work, large or small, which is likely to increase a knowledge of the benevolent princip...
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Glove Making. The following is a list of the principal articles required for the manufacture of gloves, and the prices at which they are sold in the London market. Leather, 1s. 6d. to 2s. per lb. Sinews, 1s. per lb. Wax, 1s. 6d. per lb. Tallow, 1s. per lb. Lime, 1s. per lb. Potash, 1s. per lb. Sulphuric acid, 1s. pe...
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. - Boot Binding.
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CRAVAT WORKERS. The Cravat Workers' Society, which has recently been formed in London, has already made its appearance in the House of Commons. Mr. P. A. Taylor, who has been appointed secretary to the Society, has called upon the Chancellor of the Exchequer for the return of the duty on cravats, which was imposed by ...
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For not only is it highly remunerative, but it can be carried on in conjunction with other occupations, and thus add considerably to narrow resources. The life assurance companies would do well to appeal more directly to female influence than is now done; and we can but wonder that among the variety of efforts made to ...
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[As these pages are intended for general discussion, the Editors do not hold themselves responsible for the opinions expressed.] -- To the Editor of the English Woman's Journal. MY DEAR FRIENDS, You ask me what is my impression about middle-class female education in England, whether it is really good, or whether at ...
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XXX.—OPEN COUNCIL.
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estimate of life and its legitimate aims. In spite of what is said of the stitoo great desire for accomplishments, they are not, I believe, sought for innearby so vain a spirit as formerly; they are hardly, in many cases, made use of, more than as really needed recreation for girls who cannot be always studying, and wh...
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But I am reminded of another section of the middle classes. Let us call it No. 3. This is a peculiarly unfortunate class. It cannot aspire to the institutions of No. 2. The expense and the accompanying charges of the college weigh too heavily upon it. The national school is, of course, too low-priced, and too much unde...
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the rank of Queen's scholars. I entirely agree with Mr. Chester, in the Deember number of the "English Woman's Journal," that the lot of a national schoolmistress is often far preferable to that of a second or third-rate private governness; and would gladly see my middle class No. 2 (even) competing for it. At the same...
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I have already trespassed long, but you ask me about the much-vexed governness question. I do not think some of those who have lately written upon it have treated governesses fairly. By dwelling on the worst aspect of the case, they dishearten many very excellent women, and they almost exclude the numerous cases of att...
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ON THE MEANS OF PROMOTING FEMALE EMIGRATION. MADAM, Recurring to E. F.'s letter in the January number, I venture to offer a few remarks and a suggestion. What I have to say may apply to Australia generally, but I have New Zealand more particularly in view, since from the first being a class settlement, and in itself ...
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. To the Editor of the English Woman's Journal.
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Were they what the name would imply, expert in all the applications of the needle, they might find employment, but not one could fashion a garment out of a length of cloth, or stitch at more than some portion of a whole: and as to household work, their intense poverty shuts them always out from the knowledge of common ...
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. A. E.
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MADAM, I beg to inquire if it comes within the scope of your society to give information on the subject of the sewing machines? I am one of those old-fashioned people who really love needlework; I can see “beauty” in the sewing, stitching, and button holes of a well made shirt, and think my little girls improve in men...
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To the Editor of the English Woman's Journal. ...
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at an institution. I waited half an hour, when the matron came, saying, "I could not come sooner, as a young girl has just arrived from the country, and I had to make arrangements for her position in the house." I did not grumble, though my time was as precious as the girl's, but stated my want. "Had she one to take th...
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MADAM, Happening the other day to take up a little book entitled "The Pearl of Days," by a laborer's daughter, and glancing at the introduction, it struck me that the circumstances of its publication were so curious and illustrative of the unduly low estimation in which women are held, that a short account of them coul...
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To the Editor of the English Woman's Journal. I am a working woman, and have been employed in a factory for the last twenty years. I have read with great interest the articles which have appeared in your pages on the subject of the employment of women, and I wish to add my testimony to the many which have already been...
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There are two circumstances here deserving of notice: first, that out of so many essays by persons of the working classes, the best should be by a woman; and secondly, that this fact was a complete bar to her obtaining the prize; and this not out of any intentional injustice, but simply because it never occurred to the...
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As an example of the practical good sense shown in this essay, I give the following short extract. "It might easily be shown, that among the numerous advantages which the weekly rest affords the working man is this,— namely, that it gives him its rest, without diminishing in any degree his means of subsistence and comf...
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“By preventing the seventh day from being brought into the labor market, it enables him to procure a remuneration for six days' labor, equal to that which, were there no such day, he would be able to procure for seven.”
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Yours faithfully, J. B. English Woman's Journal. To our admirable Journal, asking for information. You would render the public statement of the organisation already in the hands of the commissioners grant free passages and those for whom the advantages of the rigidly excluded. No girls under gone can be taken. It is...
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To the Editor of the English Woman's Journal. Sir,—I have read with much interest the article in your last number on the subject of "Women and the Law." I think you have not done full justice to the difficulties which women have to encounter in the matter of the guardianship of their children. It seems to me that the ...
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Several letters have appeared in your admirable Journal, asking for information relative to Female Emigration. You would render the public much service if you would publish a statement of the organisation already existing for this purpose. The government commissioners grant free passages only to carefully selected cand...
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I am, Madam, yours respectfully,
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To the Editor of the English Woman's Journal. Madam,
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MADAM, Several letters have appeared in your formation relative to Female Emigration, much service if you would publish a existing for this purpose. The governonly to carefully selected candidates; a new country are most needed are eighteen or women whose character is just that the colonies in granting funds not become...
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King over ten millions of people, it may be a small thing to Victor Emmanuel, in the hour of his triumph, that Savoy and Nice should fall into the hands of Louis Napoleon as the stipulated price of the heroic show of fighting for an idea, and the unheroic reality of supporting Sardinia---for a consideration. But the da...
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XXXI.—PASSING EVENTS. _
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of Savoy and Nice to the lawless rapacity of Louis Napoleon. A strange spectacle it is to see all Europe held in check by a robber chieftain, who owes his very elevation to treachery and bloodshed, and whose whole career is a course of duplicity and crime unparalleled in the pages of history. "Though the mills of God ...
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" Sect. 5. Such application may be made by petition, verified by her, and setting forth the grounds of such application. If the husband be a resident
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of the county, and not under disability, from insanity or other cause, a copy of said petition shall be served upon him, with a notice of the time when the same will be presented to the said court, at least ten days before such application. In all other cases the county court, to which such application shall be made, s...
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PUBLISHED MONTHLY. VOL. V. July 1, 1860. No. 29. XLIII.—EDUCATION IN FRANCE.
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The system devised by Napoleon I. for the organisation of public instruction being still, notwithstanding various subsequent modifications of its details, the basis of all education in France, an examination into the nature of this system is indispensable to a correct appreciation of the educational mechanism in operat...
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THE ENGLISH WOMAN'S JOURNAL.
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No. II.
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Fourthly, Institutions, and Pensions or Boarding-schools, conducted by private teachers; the former being preparatory to the Lyceums, the latter to the Colleges, and the instruction given in them being forcibly restrained within certain prescribed limits, it being illegal for the masters of these schools to carry their...
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The Grand Master, who was at the head of the University, was appointed by the Emperor, and was removable by him. He presided at the meetings of the Grand Council; in his hands was vested the nomination of all the functionaries of the University, of Officers of Academies, and Professors to the chairs of Faculties, to Ly...
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tration of all classes of schools, imposed the same, when adopted by the Grand Council, and could censure, displace, and suspend any member of the University who infringed them; he granted licenses to teach, or to open schools, to graduates of the University having fulfilled the conditions laid down to that effect; he ...
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A certain number of these candidates were chosen each year by the Inspectors, after having undergone careful examinations, and having publicly competed for the privilege demanded. Those who were chosen by the Inspectors followed the courses of lectures delivered at the College of France, the Polytechnic School, or the ...
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expense of the University, leading a sort of corporate life, sleeping and taking their repasts in common. At the end of the two years the aspirants took their degrees in Paris, either from the Faculty of Literature or that of Science, and were then appointed to posts in the various provincial academies by the Grand Mas...
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The clerical schools which, under the name of Petits Séminaires, had formerly constituted the principal though very imperfect centres of general education, and which, as has already been remarked, had disappeared during the Revolution, were re-opened when Napoleon had called back the clergy to the posts from which they...
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The various special schools which received the graduates of the University on the termination of the course of study pursued under its auspices, and which will be noticed in another place, were, mean-time, organised in a most efficient manner; and have had the honor of producing a host of celebrities in every departmen...
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In conformity with the conclusions of a report on the subject, drawn up by Count de Portalis, Charles X. issued an ordinance,
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dated June 16th, 1828, which restricted to twenty thousand the number of pupils for all France legally admissible into the clerical seminaries and colleges, limited to a certain proportion of the population of the several dioceses the number of pupils to be received into these institutions in each diocese, and placed u...
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The Primary Schools which had gradually sprung up here and there, through private effort, but which had hitherto been left in a very languishing state, received a new impulse from the enlightened and persevering efforts of MM. Guizot and De Sulvandy.
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The first of these statesmen has rendered his name memorable in the annals of education by the law of June 28th, 1833, which brought within the action of the general legislation of the University all the irregular Primary Schools then existing; and provided for the carrying out of the provisions of previous laws with r...
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A Council, composed of the Magistrates and academic teachers of each commune, appointed the teacher of its Primary School, decided on the amount of his or her salary, which could not be less than eight pounds per annum in the Elementary, and sixteen pounds in the Superior Schools, administered the affairs of the school...
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versity. Each of these Communal Councils named, from among its own members, a committee which, with the _maire_ of its _arrondissement_ at its head, was appointed to exercise a personal inspection over the Primary Schools within its limits. Courses of Superior Primary Instruction were gradually annexed to the greater ...
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stimulate to the production of books suitable for these libraries, the society in question bestowed prizes and medals on the authors of the best elementary works, reserving to itself the copyright of these, and causing them to be sold at a very low price, with a view to their more general dissemination. Besides the at...
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* The teachers of the Free Schools have established among themselves a Society for Mutual Assistance, their subscriptions forming a fund from which pensions to superannuated members, and temporary aid in case of illness and accident to its other members, are supplied. The amount of this fund remaining unappropriated at...
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The first idea of these lectures, which were constantly attended by increasing audiences, is due to M. Monge, the illustrious founder of the Polytechnic School, the pupils of which institution, at a later period, put into execution the generous project of their master Baron Charles Dupin had, previous to the Revolution...
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By the decrees of 1850, 1852, and 1854, this Council is composed of the Minister of Public Instruction and Worship, who is its President; four Archbishops or Bishops, elected by their colleagues of the episcopal body; one Pastor of the Reformed Church, elected by its consistories; one Pastor of the Church of the Confes...
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General Inspectors, Rectors and Professors of Faculties, named by the Emperor in Privy Council, and forming what is termed "the Permanent Section;" three teachers of Free Schools, proposed by the Minister of Public Instruction, and named by the Emperor. Of these, only the members of the "Permanent Section" are named fo...
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The Academies are now sixteen in number, for all France; each Academy being administered by a Rector, assisted by one or more Inspectors, and by an Academic Council. The Rector is chosen indiscriminately among the Inspectors, Provistors, Censors, and Professors of Public and Free (or Private) Schools. The Academic Coun...
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rator-Imperial of the Inferior Court; a member of the Court of Appeal or of the Inferior Court, elected by those tribunals; and four members chosen by the Council General of the Department, of whom at least two must be members of that body. Beside these, the Deans of Faculties are admitted into the Academic Council, wi...
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