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" Fold thy sad wings,—what do these weary pinions; Beating the blast, and struggling with the wave? Earth's deep unrest pervades her wide dominions, Life has no tearless refuge but the grave. " Yet take thy dread burnt-offering to its altar, Lay thy crushed heart on duty's holy shrine, Faith shall uphold thy footsteps...
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[As these pages are intended for general discussion, the Editors do not hold themselves responsible for the opinions expressed.]
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MADAM, I rejoice to learn from the interesting communication of your correspondent “Dorothy” that the plan of educating boys and girls together is pursued in many of the public academies of Scotland, and with, so far as she had opportunities for observing, a favorable result. That this may be expected from the system...
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LX.—OPEN COUNCIL. ...
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To the Editor of the English Woman's Journal. Sir, I am requested by the Committee of the Society for Promoting the Employment of Women to acknowledge with thanks the kind notice which you have been good enough to give to the efforts of the Society in your valuable Journal. The Society is desirous of affording employ...
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MADAM, As you are not responsible for the opinions expressed in Open Council, I hope you will admit the following letter, although its object is to express dissent from the view taken by one of the writers in the last number of your Journal. In Passing Events the following observation is made in reference to the late ...
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"Most of your readers must be aware how very prone the majority of "maids-of-all-work," and servant-girls in general, are to wasting much valuable time in talking scandal and spending their money upon the frippery of dress, depraved penny illustrated papers, or a "hundred-songs-for-
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a "halfpenny" kind of literature, and thereby corrupting their minds and estranging themselves from their masters and mistresses, whose interests should be mutual; and also rendering them ill-adapted for the charge of their children who so readily imbibe good or bad habits from those around. The intention then is, if p...
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"To be, or not to be," is the question which has agitated Europe since the first day of the new year, suggested by a few ambiguous words from the mouth of Louis Napoleon, and which, to all appearances, is likely to agitate it for some time to come. "To be," say those who sympathise with the oppressed and who believe i...
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LXI.—PASSING EVENTS. ...
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The "Atheneum" announces that an Emigration Fund for the benefit of the houseless and destitute youth of the metropolis, is about to be opened with the co-operation of City gentlemen, the City Chamberlain being trustee. The plan will be to take boys and girls from the London refuges when practically trained for rough c...
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marry, or be otherwise provided for: in either case she leaves the institution and her place is supplied by another. Maidenhood and obedience to the statutes of the foundation are the only obligations imposed; in all other respects there is entire liberty of action. Two sisters cannot be members at the same time. The l...
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* The centenary of Burns's birthday, January 25th, came off with more or less éclat all over the country. At the Crystal Palace the important event of the day was the opening of the sealed envelope containing the name of the author of the fifty guinea prize poem, a moment rendered all the more exciting by the ignorance...
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deafening shouts of applause, and repeated calls for the author." It soon became apparent that the lady was not in the building; and strange to say, she was not only not present but wholly unaware of her success. For further details we refer our readers to the notice of Isa Craig in another part of the Journal, by whic...
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PUBLISHED MONTHLY. Vol. VII. May 1, 1861. No. 89.
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BY DANIEL H. TUKE, M.D., FORMERLY LECTURER ON INSANITY AT THE YORK SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, AND VISITING MEDICAL OFFICER TO THE YORK RETREAT. In directing his attention to the important subject of insanity among women, the first question which arrests the inquirer is, does this terrible disorder exist in a greater or less ...
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* The difference between these figures and those in the article “Insanity Past and Present,” page 317 of the ENGLISH WOMAN’S JOURNAL, arises from VOL. VII.
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THE ENGLISH WOMAN'S JOURNAL.
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XXIV.—INSANITY AMONG WOMEN.
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Males .................. 16,592 Females ................. 19,878 Total .................. 36,470
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In regarding the absolute excess of females which these returns show, (namely, 3,286,) the greater number of females in the population must not be overlooked. If, making allowance for the increase in the population of England and Wales since the last census, (1851,) we roughly estimate it at 19,927,609, (on January 1, ...
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The excess of females being 401,287. Still, even when this disparity in the proportion of the sexes is taken into account, the proportion of existing cases of insanity will appear greatest among females—1 person in 588 being insane (or idiot) among the male, and 1 person in 511 being insane (or idiot) among the female ...
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Males ....................... 9,763,161 Females .................... 10,164,448 Total ....................... 19,927,609
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twenty and thirty*---that during which, probably, the largest number of first attacks of mental disease happen---we find that the prepon- dence of females is at its maximum, namely, 9-8 per cent. If, therefore, the relative liability of the sexes to insanity were equal, the absolute number of insane women would necessa...
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" Or, if we take that between thirty and forty, when attacks of insanity occur more frequently, according to some statistics, the excess is still 6-5. I have calculated these figures from a table of the numbers living at each stage given in the Statistical Journal, by J. J. Fox, M.R.C.S.
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both sexes into various asylums. His first table is derived from 159 asylums in England and Wales. Of the total admissions—70,582—35,672 were men, and 34,910 women, the excess of the former being 762. Another table shows that of the admissions into American, Scotch, Irish, Belgian, French, and German asylums for the in...
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* In these asylums the proportion of the sexes was reversed. With some Continental asylums the same fact obtains. Into the reasons for these exceptions we cannot now enter.
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of this remark it may be stated, that at Bethlem Hospital, Dr. Hood, out of 359 cases of insanity among the women, traced 238, or 63.2 per cent., to disorders more or less peculiar to the female sex. Again, the average weight of the female brain is less than that of the male by from four to eight ounces, (or, as it wou...
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If, then, I am right in supposing that the comparatively retired life which women lead ought not only to neutralize but powerfully outweigh the unfavorable circumstances which I have mentioned, it is important that they should consider, whether there does not exist among them a larger amount of insanity than needs be, ...
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all who are anxious to adopt prophylactic measures to lessen the extent of insanity. In what condition of mind does the young lady of the present age leave school? Is the mind strengthened, as well as crammed with words? Words alone, as a great writer tells us, are apt to become the tyrants of thought, and thought, und...
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. * "The Women of England." By Mrs. Ellis. The writer's copy, borrowed from a public library, has the above passage scored, with the addition in the margin, "These bipeds abound everywhere!"
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fraction of which is followed, as surely as night succeeds to day, by bad health, consumption, or insanity. If it is admitted that, thanks to the diffusion of sounder principles, much is being done to improve the character of female education, this circumstance does not prevent the existence of much present insanity be...
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in relation to the future; that is to say, with constant reference to the practical duties which will inevitably devolve upon women; for, important as is the education of circumstances, all must not be left till these arrive. Miss F. A. Martineau has unhappily failed at Norwich in her admirable attempt to conduct a sch...
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Among the middle and lower classes of society; insanity is doubtless caused by mental disquietude and by want. The miserably paid, harassed, and often ill-used governess, not unfrequently becomes first a prey to dyspepsia, then a victim to the constant use of quack and other medicines, and lastly the subject of melanch...
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engaged in the ill-paid departments referred to. In connexion with devising plans for increasing the comforts of women, and so far lessening their chances of becoming insane, I would remark, that the plan proposed by “An Old Maid” of establishing houses where gentlewomen could live together for mutual protection and co...
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Among the higher classes of society, much of the insanity that exists may be traced to luxurious and artificial modes of life; * "My Life, and what shall I do with it?"
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indulgences which both enervate and excite the nervous system; fashionable follies which aggravate the liabilities to constitutional disorders; and habits which grievously interfere with the healthy development of the physical and mental powers. Injudicious training, the unwise or exclusive direction given to the pursu...
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* It must always be exceedingly difficult to demonstrate the connexion between excessive novel-reading and insanity. Still, Esquirol traced this connexion in 8 out of 192 cases in which mental derangement was due to moral causes.
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Absorbed in their own world of romance, those whose reading almost exclusively consists of works of fiction become of necessity selfish, and exceedingly uninteresting to those who happen to be their companions. Well indeed would it be were all willing to regulate the amount of fictitious literature they attempt to dige...
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The objects to which women devote their attention are, however, more sensible than they were in the early part of the last century. The description given in the Spectator of the “Amusements of the Female World,” applies, it is to be hoped, to but a small portion of it now. The writer, dating his letter March 12th, 1710...
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exclaiming, ' No circumstances shall ever bow me down to the earth; no series of troubles shall ever break my spirit; nothing shall ever prevent me from grappling with an enemy who will be sure to conquer me if I fail to conquer him;' this, I say, is all very correct and very laudable in you men, and nothing more than ...
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I do not adduce the foregoing to prove that even before Napoleon III., that perfect gentleman, Valentine, and the amiable Louise battled for “an idea,” but to observe that it must be admitted, Valentine’s impertinent caricature of the faults of female education contains some grains of truth in it. They are grains, too,...
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mother is the father of the child,—of that child that is to be the progenitor of the future man, the mental and moral being; who is what he is by being what his mother allows him to be, or has made him to become, in the nursery and the schoolroom, at play and by her side. Young women should look forward and take large ...
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A SHORT account of the life and labors of Madame Luce, of Algiers, appeared four years ago in a Scotch journal. Having lately had access to the numerous private and official documents required by any writer seeking to do justice to one of the most remarkable of living French women, I offer to our readers a detailed acc...
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XXV.—MADAME LUCE, OF ALGIERS.
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religious establishment, the lad grew up to the age of twenty, when it became necessary that he should adopt a profession. While walking thoughtfully along a road, considering to what career he should devote himself, the fatherless boy noticed a scrap of paper lying at his feet, whether it had been wafted by some chanc...
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At the old château Eugénie remained for many years, a dreaming, studious child, constantly wandering about out and in-doors, much given to botany, and knowing every tree and plant and leaf native to the woods and fields of Touraine. But in order clearly to understand the influences which surrounded this remarkable woma...
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tently aimed at and attained an increase of political centralization. The country is ruled through its remotest fibres by officials sent from Paris, and the conqueror of the Capital is lord of the Kingdom. But in deeper social senses, Paris is still very far from being France. There is a solid and a vigorous life in th...
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Brittany, again, affords the most marked example that can well be imagined of persistent adherence to old customs and loyalty to old beliefs. “La vieille Bretagne,” as it is commonly called, is cousin-german to our own Wales. Such names as Pen-hoel and du Guenic might be found in the valleys of Cader Idris, yet they ar...
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was, and is, a different creature to the image we in England form to ourselves of the denizen of Paris. I have known, personally, several French women of the middle class, born and brought up in the provinces, and they have all possessed a certain shrewd, practical simplicity of character which shows how much latent st...
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- The Berlau family were strong Royalists, and Eugenie’s childhood was passed just at the most stormy time, when the Bonapartists and the Legitimists were openly or secretly struggling for the supreme power. One day during the Cent Jours she was visiting a married sister who resided some miles from Montréchat. In compa...
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right in two! Napoleon was in temporary authority during the famous Hundred Days, and the family were in a deadly fright lest the Bonapartists of the neighborhood should know what had occurred. They were obliged to buy the silence of the servant who was with the children, and Eugenie went back to her parents with a rep...
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"When Eugenie was thirteen years old, her family suffered severe affliction by the death of the brother nearest to her in age, a fine young man of twenty, who was at college at Poitiers. Her father and mother were so overwhelmed by this blow that she dreaded their sinking under it, and persuaded her father to quit his ...
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thirteen she was so tall and womanly that no one would have guessed her age; three years after, when one of the Inspectors came to Montréchat, he told her to make haste and grow older, in order that he might give her a regular certificate as schoolmistress. But other plans were entertained for Eugenie by her family; h...
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Madame Alix had left her only child, her daughter, in her mother’s care, and now commenced a severe struggle for her own maintenance. In those early days of the colony, there was little for an educated lady to do, and Madame Alix courageously accepted any and every employment she could find. She gave lessons occasional...
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subject. As to the girls, nobody ever thought of them; and, indeed, any European who came to know the ways and customs of the Moresques, the religious and social tyranny under which they suffer, and their own utter debased ignorance, might well despair of effecting any sort of good among them. The lower ranks walk abou...
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Such was the human material which Madame Alix dared to conceive of as capable of being raised to something approaching the condition of her European sisterhood. This was the way in which she set to work, her profoundly convinced that till something was done
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set to work, being particularly particular that the existing spirit of the country should not be altered, and that the social spirit of Moorish interiors, no true amalgamation with the conquering race could ever take place. While collecting her small funds, and laying her large plans, she perfected herself in the know...
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Administration was to meet. On the day previous, Madame Alix sent in a long report to Comte Guyot, *Directeur de l'Intérieur*, a man high in office, who had always felt and shown great personal sympathy with her enterprise. We give this report at length; it describes with a touching mixture of pride and pathos the hope...
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Face to face with such a situation of affairs, the Government cannot hesitate. To be or not to be, this is the problem laid down. If they do not immediately come to my assistance, I see myself obliged to renounce my work, with the bitter regret of having uselessly sacrificed both my own well-being and an earnest ambiti...
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of the part which France plays in the world, and of which the probable result is nothing less than the fusion of two civilizations until now irreconcilable. I have too high an opinion of your character, M. le Comte, to believe that you can hesitate before so great and so noble an undertaking. I shall therefore lay bef...
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This first care attended to, it was necessary to feed them. I chose a negress, that she might prepare the food according to native custom. She has been with me for a month, and the children are well pleased with what she gives them, and partake, in their school-room, of a far wholesomer and more abundant meal than they...
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are happy and comfortable, hardly recognisable by their own relations. In a moral point of view the effect is even more remarkable. The young native girl possesses a vivacity, an intelligence, a promptitude of understanding, and a dexterity of motion which is unexampled. All the children of my class have learnt in one...
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Having sent in this report, Madame Alix waited over the 30th of December in breathless suspense, hoping that something had been said in Council about her school. Evening came, and she learnt that they had not even mentioned her!
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VII.—KING PINE APPLE. "The king never dies," is an axiom no less true in the frutical monarchy than in the monarchy of Britain, for a fruit of no season, or rather of all seasons, is the regal pine, on whose head the crown, held indeed by right divine, has been deposited by the all-ordering hand of Nature herself. Eve...
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(To be continued.) XXVI.—FRUITS IN THEIR SEASON.
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of the seventeenth century the interesting stranger reached our shores. In 1661 Evelyn records that he "saw the famous Queen pine brought from Barbados and presented to his majesty; but the first that were seen in England were those sent to Cromwell four years since." In 1668 he says again, "I was at a banquet which th...
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A picture at Kensington Palace, in which Rose, the royal gardener, is represented upon his knees presenting a pine to Charles II., has led some to think that he was himself the grower of the fruit, but it is more probable that he was only its purveyor, for one of the Sloanean MSS. distinctly affirms that the ananas was...
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to wonder that night, at the Royal table, to see a present from a gentleman of this country of two large baskets full of ripe oranges and lemons of different sorts, many of which were quite new to me; and, what I thought worth all the rest, two ripe ananasses, which to my taste are a fruit perfectly delicious. You know...
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The leaves of the Bromelia Ananas are very like those of the Aloe, but less thick and succulent, and are mostly armed with thorns, though in the variety called the King pine the foliage is quite smooth and without prickles. Though the first leaves of seedling pines are very small and tender, much resembling the smalles...
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sitting flowers, consisting of a three-cornered calyx and a corolla of three petals; within which are seen the pistil and six short stamens. Lilac, purple, or bluish in color, these flowers, with their accompanying bracts, are scattered upon and half buried in the substance of the common thick fleshy receptacle which s...
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In the West Indies the Ananas has been commonly grown from seed, but the ordinary mode of propagation in this country was by means of planting the crowns, which, however, are now less in repute than formerly, the suckers or shoots from the middle of the stem being preferred. The first great improvement which took place...
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bestowed upon it by our gardeners often failed to obtain the desired consummation before the lapse of four years. Of late, however, so great has been the progress of the craft both in knowledge and skill, that fruit is now produced in fifteen months or less, and with a comparatively small amount of care and labor, whic...
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influence, in the free open air. This experiment was tried in 1847 at Bicton, in Devonshire, where some plants in pots, to which no fire-heat had at any time been applied, were placed out after they had blossomed, in the month of May, in beds of leaves in the open garden; a bank was thrown up around them to keep off cu...
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So delicate a feeder, subsisting principally upon the lighter elements, can afford to be very indifferent to the grosser aliment derivable from soil, and the Ananas is therefore content to root in the poorest substance that can just form a vehicle for its delicate nourishment. Sandy soil, taken from heaths or commons, ...
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pinery as the thermometer, for, according to the learned author of the Theory of Horticulture, “The skilful balancing of the temperature and moisture of the air constitutes the most complicated and difficult part of the gardener’s art.” It affords a pleasant prospect, however, of future increased popularity for a luxur...
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Miller, writing in 1737, enumerates but five varieties of the Bromelia Ananas, yet a table compiled a few years ago mentions no less than fifty-two; but the Queen, (believed to have been the first sort introduced here,) the Providence, and one or two others, are still the most usually grown and the most esteemed. One o...
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and white. Both leaves and fruit are very beautiful, but the latter is worthless save as a curiosity, for it has little flavor, and is not produced until the plant is at least eight or nine years old, may, sometimes twenty years elapse, and still it “lives and makes no sign.” The Blood Red Pine, an import from Jamaica,...
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- In a natural state, the Ananas is peculiarly abundant in Sierra Leone, where, battening on moist and decayed vegetable matter, it attains extraordinary size of foliage, destroying every other plant
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except the timber trees which overshadow it, and forming an almost impenetrable thicket, obstructing the traveller's progress in every direction. Yet the fruit it matures, even in this savage state, is, in a climate so suited to it, equally delicious with that which may have been reared in England at royal cost, under ...
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Should dull imagination be able but faintly to conceive the bliss, it may be aided by that unsurpassable description of one of our early voyagers, which caused poor Evelyn such woeful disappointment, when not even the touch of royal fingers could impart to the morsel vouchsafed him of a long-kept sea-spoiled import mor...
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of so many parts, and all distinguishable. When you bite a piece of the fruit it is so violently sharp as you would think it would fetch all the skin off your mouth, but before your tongue have made a second trial, upon your palate you shall perceive such a sweetness to follow as perfectly to cure that vigorous sharpne...
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"Demophoön! Demophoön!" Mount Rhodope renews the moan; And Haemus' heights from cliff to cliff Re-echo back the plaintive groan.
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"Demophoöon ! Demophoöon !"
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Proud Hebrus swells in sympathy, Forgets awhile his golden sands,
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And sobs and murmurs piteously.
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The sad Aegcan bears the cry
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Through all its thousand island caves; The Nereids cease their wreath'd dance,
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To listen to the moaning waves.
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Poor Phyllis, hush;—far, far away
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Thy lover hears and heeds thee not; Perchance for some Athenian maid
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Thou and thy love have been forgot.
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DIRGE. The world is dark, the heavens weep, The stars are hid in clouds of night; The earth is shrouded in a sleep, And all is still and dark and quiet. The birds are silent in their nest, The beasts are hushed in slumb'ring fold; The winds are still, and all is rest, And all is dark and still and cold. The sun is h...
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"Raise the funeral pyre on high,
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Torches bring and perfumed wood, Build it where the violets lie,
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. In the woodland solitude.
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"Gently lift the royal maiden,
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Lift her from the fatal deep; With the pangs of love o'erladen She has sought eternal sleep.
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"Eros hover round her still, Hermes of the magic wand, Guide her wandering shade until She has passed the Stygian strand.
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XXVII.—THE LEGEND OF THE ALMOND TREE. —
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