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"{\n \"broad_topical_query\": \"1954 Blue Book Project\",\n \"broad_topical_explanation\": \"This query targets the specific year and project mentioned in the document, which is likely to be a unique identifier for this document.\",\n \"specific_detail_query\": \"L'astronomie et la lune\",\n \"specific_detail_explanation\": \"This query focuses on the specific topic of astronomy and the moon, which is a central theme in the document.\",\n \"visual_element_query\": \"Page 0\",\n \"visual_element_explanation\": \"This query references the page number, which is a unique identifier for this document within a larger corpus.\"\n}"
] | 1954 Blue Book Project | This query targets the specific year and project mentioned in the document, which is likely to be a unique identifier for this document. | L'astronomie et la lune | This query focuses on the specific topic of astronomy and the moon, which is a central theme in the document. | Page 0 | This query references the page number, which is a unique identifier for this document within a larger corpus. | true | <page_number>1</page_number>
AVRIL 1954
Projet " Blue Book "
TOP SECRET
Pourquoi les astronomes ne veulent pas parler de la Lune
Des villes qui croissent, des signaux lumineux, des explosions et des ombres géométriques étranges - ici - et d'autres phénomènes inexpli- cables par des lois naturelles connues ont maintenant été observés sur la lune par des hommes de science renommés. Qu'y-a-t-il derrière le rideau tiré? Pourquoi ces découvertes sensationnelles sont-elles tues?
par Joseph Millard
Joseph Millard est un rédacteur bien connu d'articles historiques et scientifiques, collaborateur de publications en vue. L'article percu- tent qui suit est, à notre avis, l'une des plus passionnante et impor- tante pièce que "Blue Book" a jamais publié. - Les Éditeurs.
Lorsque nous fûmes à l'Université, on nous a appris une série assez complète de "faits" au sujet de la lune.
L'on nous a dit que la vie y était impossible, qu'il n'y avait pas d'air, qu'elle était froide, couverte de cratères de volcans éteints, un globe de roches mortes.
Ces informations étaient sans appel et nettes. L'ennui est que ces "faits" ne peuvent plus être acceptés. Jetons un regard sur le tableau suivant:
1-Il se passe quelque chose là: des fusées sont lancées, des lumières se déplacent, des montagnes se déplacent, des buildings, des pyrami- des, des cathédrales, des enceintes et des tunnels sont construits.
2-Si la lune est sans air, elle a un succédé d'entièrement efficace, quelque chose qui supporte des nuages, qui réfléchit la lumière, dé- place des montagnes et qui porte des météores à incendioscence.
3-Elle semble froide, mais une partie est chaude.
4-La Science est maintenant que les immenses cratères lunaires ne pourraient être des volcans et pourraient certains d'entre eux sont en éruption.
5-Le lune n'est pas un globe, et si elle est faite de roc, c'est le roc le plus étrange dont les géologues ont jamais entendu parler.
<watermark>ClairBout</watermark> | |
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] | Document about the study of Alhazen's work on optics | This query focuses on the main subject of the document, which is the study of Alhazen's work on optics. | Alhazen's work on optics | This query targets a specific detail mentioned in the document, which is Alhazen's work on optics. | Document with a reference to Alhazen's work on optics | This query looks for a document that contains a reference to Alhazen's work on optics, which is a visual element in the document. | true | <page_number>10</page_number>
Au moment où cet article est écrit, Linné a été transformé en une grande tache grise qui change de forme et de dimension. Seule le ciel seit ce qu'il sera au moment où vous lirez ceci...
Au début du siècle dernier l'astronome Schroeter étudie les opérations de la Lune par l'avenue et le retrait du bord ensoleillé. Comme point de repère pour le mensuration, il choisit le cratère Alhazen large de 23 milles dans la mer Crisium, par où qu'il était près du bord nord-est et était très visible sous forme d'un objet gris. Cela lui fut utile pour le but proposé.
Récemment, H.P. Wilkins de la Société Royale d'Astronomie, très occupé à étudier se magni figure corte détaillée de la surface lunaire de huit pieds, lorsque vouloir y situer Alhazen, il fut stupéfait : Alhazen avait disparu. Un cratère de 23 milles s'était tout simplement utilisé comme le soleil de la semaine précédente.
Wilkins est un type plein de ressources et pas fortuné. Alhazen dit-il était toujours là. La chose infinie avait tout simplement changé de couleur et s'est camouflé en se fondant dans les alentours mais ne perruit pas à expliquer comment Alhazen avait frit pour cemouler également le long ombre noire que son rebord produisait.
Ensuite il y a Hyginus N, cause de plus d'ongles rongés que le calendrier de Merlyn Monroe.
Cela débute en mai 1977, lorsque le Dr Klein observe soudainement un large objet, bien visible dans le cratère Hyginus. Personne ne l'identifie, mais personne ne peut manquer de le voir non plus. Il fut baptisé Hyginus N et observé minutieusement. Un mois plus tard il était le perle le plus brillante dans un large rayon. Deux nuits plus tard il avait disparu.
Une année passe et voilà soudain Hyginus N à nouveau, encore plus grand et plus brillant. Il disparaît, revient et disparaît à nouveau. Il ne s'est plus montré ces derniers temps, mais n'est pas une conséquence. A se placer, une grande tache grise qui soudainement apparaît dans Hyginus, là où il n'y en avait pas auparavant.
Lorsque les observateurs sont fatigués de voir cela, ils peuvent brquer leur télescope quelques milles au nord de Hyginus et jurer à la vue d'une belle montagne en spirale que seul un ver solitaire devenu fou fureur euret p'd former.
Mais un nouveau spectacle est sur le point de débuter. En ce moment Proclus est très occupé à passer de gris sombre à blanc pur avec de brillantes stries. Celui-ci également peut être sur le point de jouer un tour de dispersion.
Ensuite il y a toute une catégorie de taches folles sur la Lune qui croissent, se rétrécissent et changent de couleur. Certains sélénographes pensent qu'il s'agit de végétation. Vous pouvez les voir vous même avec de simples jumelles. Recherchez Eratosthène, l'immense cratère situé au bord sur de Mare Imbrium et regardez à | |
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] | Document discussing radioactivity and celestial phenomena | This query covers the main subject of the document, which is the study of radioactivity and its effects on celestial phenomena. | Observations of radioactivity during solar eclipses | This query focuses on a specific fact mentioned in the document, which is the observation of radioactivity during solar eclipses. | Document page with text in French | This query refers to the visual element of the document page, which contains text in French, indicating that the document is likely in French and contains text related to the topics mentioned. | true | <page_number>11</page_number>
l'intérieur.Vous remarquerez plusieurs larges taches qui chen-
geent de dimension et de forme d'une nuit à l'autre.Il y en a une près du centre de Ptolémée, des taches dans Pioton, Aristarchus, Schickard, Hyginus et d'autres ohragent régulièrement. A l'œil nu
vous pouvez voir une tache sombre à l'est d'Aristarchus. Photographiée
plutôt à l'ombre, plus l'intensité rouge ou ultra-violette elle appa-
reit comme un veste désert noir. Photographiée avec une lumière
jeune, elle disparaît complètement.
Walter Hess pense que les taches ne sont pas de la végétation
mais des points de radio-activité causés par le bombardement di-
rect du foret non protégés venant du Soleil. Au cours de l'éclipse
du 20 Août 1949, Hess a photographié des taches. Les taches disparaissent
de voir si un changement des taches se produirait au moment où
la Terre intercepterait les rayons solaires.Il obtint des résul-
tats et prouve qu'il était, en effet, quelqu'un, mais certains des
résultats confirment quand même une théorie de radio-activité.
Au cours de l'éclipse, deux taches sombres apparaissent dans Atlas
et y restèrent par le suite pendant plusieurs heures.Un nuage
dans le ciel, plus petit et de deux lieues Linné semblait de-
viner plus petit et disparut ensuite pendant une heure.
Dès Firmicus et Webb des taches devinrent plus sombres, mais
dans Grimaldi l'une s'assombrit et l'autre devint plus lumineuse.
Des changements dans le Trottoir Niccolò durèrent trois heures et
demie. Aristarchus attendit l'éclipse de 1949 pour faire une pe-
tite solo de taches mouvantes, de lumières orantes et toutes sor-
tes de taches étranges.
L'on peut attacher du crédit à l'idée de la radio-activité. Elle
peut même réduire un peu le clarté terrestre. Les astronomes ont
toujours ordre que le faible lueur, qui parfois illumine les per-
ties obscures de la Lune, était due à la lumière réfléchie de
la Terre. Certains le trouveront très sombre lorsqu'il découvri-
rent la même lueur éclairent Venus.
Au cours de l'obscurité, la température à la surface de la Lune est de 250° sous zéro, mais durant l'éclipse du 6 Octobre 1949, Hess
à l'aid d'un thermomètre dirigé vers les orbites, trouve que
certaines taches dans Ernstothes et Grimaldi étaient beaucoup
plus chaudes que le surface environnante.Certains taches étaient
obscurc, d'autres claires.Hess dit "Radioactivité", des ruisseaux ré-
pliquèrent "Volcans".
Dicks et Beringer voyant pris quelques températures par radio ne
furent pas trois heures.Les indications transmises par radio
ne correspondaient pas du tout avec celles du thermomètre à
infra-rouge.Elles correspondent parfaitement dans tout l'Univers,
mais du moment que la Lune s'en mêle, cela devient le chaos. Actuel-
lement, personne ne sait si cette donnée chose est plus chaude ou
plus froide ou pourquoi. | |
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Des choses qui pourraient être prises pour des éclaboussures d'un journal de science-fiction se présentent là. Prénons l'année de 1794. Au cours de la même nuit des points, comme des gouttes d'or, apparaissent dans Plinius et Copernicus. Quelques semaines plus tard un immense objet, aussi noir que le de l'ombre de la Terre, apparaît sur une partie de la Terre, au-dessus d'une des formations de la ville, il y restera quelque nuit puis disparaît. De ce temps après une autre trace d'or, apparaît dans Plinius, celle-ci entourée d'une bordure d'un blanc clair.
Qu'elles les ombres. L'on nous a appris qu'il existe une sorte de loi scientifique qui dit que vous ne pouvez avoir d'ombre que si quelque chose produit cette ombre. Il semble qu'ils ont d'autres lois sur le Luna.
En Octobre 1916 fut observée une ombre fantastique de couleur rougeâtre, passant sur Platon et des ombres similaires ont plongé dans Hérode et Gessendi.
Deux astronomes britanniques, au cours d'une expédition en Nouvelle-Zélande observèrent la Lune et virent une grande partie en étant ouverte d'un ombre obscure, très puissante, comme l'ombre de la Terre au cours d'un éclipse de Luna. Il est difficile de résister à la conviction que c'était une ombre et pourtant cela ne pouvait pas être l'ombre d'un objet quelconque connu.
À une autre occasion, deux triangles, extrêmement brillants apparaissent au bord inférieur de la Lune. Ils disparaissent et trois minutes après deux vagues triangles noirs, obscurcissent presque un quart de la surface lunaire, apparaissent comme des entailles sur le bord. Ils glissent lentement d'un vers l'autre, se rencontreront et disparaîtront. Des ombres de quoi?
Un homme fortement ébranlé fut l'astronome Dr. F.B. Harris qui observa la Lune le nuit du 27 janvier 1912 et qui a souhaité ne pas l'avoir fait. Il vit, ce qu'il rapporte comme "un objet intensément noir" dont il estime la dimension à 50 par 250 milliers. "L'objet" écrit-il "ressemble comme deux gouttes d'eau à un cerveau perdu".
À deux reprises, le Professeur John Haywood, vu toute la partie obscure de la Lune, brillant d'un éclat étrange, nébuleux, ressemblent souvent à la réflexion familière de la Terre. Le Révérend Renkin et Professeur Chevalier, astronome respectés, le virent tourbillonner en un étourdissant kaleidoscope de lumières et d'ombres.
Il y a 200 ans environ Sir John Herschel fit rapporter, au cours d'éclipses d'une douzaine et plus de lumières sur la Lune. Il écrit qu'il s'agissait de volcans en rotation, mais fut extrêmement intrigué que certaines de ces lumières semblent être au-dessus de la Lune. À son époque, de telles observations n'étaient pas consi- | |
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dérés comme fumisterie.Personne ne lui demande ce qu'il buvait ces jours là ou bien s'il prétend ou fumait?En fait, quelques esprits ouverts s'efforcent aussi loin que de regarder pour eux-mêmes et ils virent les lumières eux-mêmes.Il y a beaucoup à dire au sujet du Bon Vieux Temps.
Jusqu'au moment où l'école "bois-to-bière-et-tois-toi" s'occupe d'astronomie, il y eut assez de lumières rapportées que pour remplir une salle de spectacles, et une grande proportion des observations de taches et d'ombres provenaient de cette même Société royale qui de nos jours ne veut même pas prononcer "Lune" en société mixte.
Une brillante lumière dans Arisoporus et une autre à la page est des Alpes lunaires, a été fréquemment vue pendant plus de 100 ans. Une des lumières olgatentes de Gruithuizen apparaît de temps en temps. D'autres semblent avoir été victimes de voleurs de lampes.
Le 4 Juillet toute la plaine de Mars Crisium, en fêtes, était un spectacle de points et de rayons lumineux. Nous avons d'abord vu des lumières montrant de longues lignes lumineuses, puis un éclat lumineux ou un mur lui-même. Puis s'illuminait de deux lignes lumineuses séparées par une bande très sombre et de points lumineux. Des lumières mouvantes ont été très souvent remarquées. L'industrie lumineuse de la lune semble tenir des ressemblances assez mouvementées dans Platon. Des traits de lumières mouvantes ont été observés dans un ciel, un triangle de lumière folâtre le soleil pendant un certain temps.
Mais le Grand Spectacle dans le cratère Platon débuta en 1369 et joua à bureaux fermés pendant près de trois ans. À cette époque 30 lumières vives s'illuminèrent à la fois sur le sol du cratère et continuent à donner de la façon régulière. Rapidement elles se divisèrent en groupes. Certaines de ceux-ci s'allument simultanément et au même moment d'autres s'éteignaient. En une lueur opaque. Cela continue en une symphonie de lumières, comme si elles étaient commandées par un tableau de commande. Ce fut tellement sensationnel que la Société Royale constitua un groupe d'observateurs. Jusqu'en avril 1871, lorsque le spectacle fut terminé, le groupe enregistre 1600 observations et, essentiel 37 graphiques de fluctuations lumineuses, dans l'espoir d'établir une sorte de table.
Il faut question, à cette époque, d'interpréter ce phénomène inexplicable comme un essai intelligent de signalisation vers la Terre. Le même volume d'observations est maintenue occupée à émousser de la poussière dans les dossiers de la Société Royale, en commun avec l'esprit qui les avait inspirés.
Des traits et des jets de lumière, projetés du bord de la lune, sont | |
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souvent observés au cours d'éclipses, de même que des encrielles d'objets claire et sombres qui semblent manoeuvrer dans le ciel lunaire. Au cours de l'éclipse du 16 Novembre 1910, une vive lumière sur la Lune, observée des observatoires de deux point très distants l'un de l'autre virent des objets lumineux, probablement hors du domaine de nos jours, il se possède peu de ce genre de casse-tête. L'on pourrait presque croire que le Luna est devenue res- pectable et a promis d'obéir aux lois, mais des rumeurs de derriè- re le Récord d'Argent - font croire que le Luna montre quelque chose. Maiter Héros dit qu'il connait le cas d'un astronome notoire qui a vu des choses sur le Luna et qui a carrément refusé d'en faire un rapport ou d'en discuter.
C. Stanley Ogilvy de Trinity College, a admis à contre-coeur que des lumières ont été observées autour de la Luna, mais il souffre de l'habituelle contrainte de les minimiser. Il est plus que pro- bable dit-il que ce que les observateurs virent furent des très petits catéoridés, non renseignés, passant devant la Luna.
Mon vieux fils il y a tant d'astéroïdes qui se bâillent entre nous et la Luna, tu peux immédiatement inscrire ma commande d'un pro- fond ébri souterrain. D'autre part, s'il y a des catéoridés assez rares que pour suivre la Luna nuit après nuit dans le même posi- tion relative, un ébri entièrement ne servirait à rien.
Récemment, dans la section nord-est de Mare Imbrium, le Mont Piton s'est mis à s'éloigner comme une luciole en mal d'ocam, et même à projeter des rayons de lumière comme un phare. Un groupe d'habi- tants de la Luna est peut-être occupé à se préparer pour le récep- tion de la première fusée expédie de la Terre.
Curieusement, les astronautes qui ne veulent pas regarder de ce côté de la Luna, se mettent les doigts jusqu'au coudre pour jeter un coup d'œil à l'autre côté. Le cycle de révolution et de ro- tation de la Luna gardent une fréquence constante, vers nous, 41% environ de la surface restera un profond mystère jusqu'à ce que nous puissions envoyer derrière une fusée portant des ins- truments. Ce jour est plus près que vous ne le pensez.
Le Luna ne se contente pas seulement de rester suspendue dans le ciel et d'insulter les astronautes, elle exerce également une étonnante quantité d'influence sur la Terre et ses habitants. Cer- taines des découvertes en ce sens sont si surprenantes qu'un de ces jours, le même couvercle de sécurité pourrait être refermé sur ces rapports.
Nous avons appris depuis des années comment l'attraction de la Lu- ne provoque les marées. Etant donné qu'elles sont vitales pour les marins, les pêcheurs et les bateaux, le scientifique Beoh, leur horaire a été calculé jusqu'au dernier centimètre de la deuxième, mais lorsque la Luna se met de la partie tout est sens dessus dessous. Il y a environ un an, à Tempe en Floride, l'on découvrit que les tables des mères du Golfe étaient complètement erronées et | |
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devoient être recoulées. Vous ne pouvez faire confiance à la Lune.
L'attraction des marées freine la rotation de la Terre de façon infime, mais ce n'est rien comparativement à ce que la gravité plus grande de la Terre a fait à la Lune. Nous avons attiré vers nous le côté de la Lune en une seille de 2.100 pieds de haut. Peut-être que les espègleries de la Lune sont une réplique à ce que nous faisons. Cette seille est beaucoup plus prononcée qu'elle ne devrait être. C'est un phénomène qui est dû aux forces de gravité. En décembre, que la seule réponse était qu'à ce certain moment la Lune n'était distante de la Terre que de 70.000 milles. Cette statistique est d'une importance énorme pour personne.
Ce qui était beaucoup plus important était la découverte que tout l'écorce terrestre est attirée par les marées lunaires. Pendant des années, personne ne peut comprendre comment la Lune pouvait publier des signaux horaires entre Greenwich et Washington. Actuellement l'argile a découvert que le haute prédominance (de marée...intraduisible) dans le croûte terrestre reproductif effectivement les deux villes de 63 pieds.
Le Professeur Harlan T. Stetson du Laboratoire de Recherches Cosmiques Terrestres de M.I.T. a accumulé des volumes de témoignages démontrant la relation entre la position de la Lune et les incidences des tremblements de terre. Il est occupé à une étude similaire au sujet des volcans et d'établir une théorie établisant que la Lune reflète des rayons de force invisible à partir du Soleil occasionnant des effets étranges et inexplicables à la Terre.
Pour une raison inconnue, la Lune influence les ondes courtes de la radio. Trois ou quatre jours après chaque pleine Lune et à chaque nouvelle Lune, la bande d'ondes courtes diminue en moyenne de 1,7 mégacycles. Pour compliquer les choses, elle diminue de 2 mégacycles au Pérou.
Le pête noir de toutes les bêtes noires, pour les astronomes est l'astrologie et la croyance qu'un corps céleste quelque, hormis Hollywood, puisse influencer le vie humaine. Ils furent vraiment sur le point d'éclater lorsqu'il y a quelques années, la Californie fit sur le point de poser le projet de loi n°1793 qui n'ouvre pas seulement légaliser l'astrologie, mais aurait établi un système de licences, un comité d'examinateurs et un cours obligatoire de 5 ans. Pour une fois, tous les astronomes s'unirent afin d'abattre un ennemi commun pour de bon.
Imaginez comme ils doivent alors éimer la Lune, pour avoir donné aux astrologues le premier rapport scientifique bien fondé qu'ils aient jamais eu. | |
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D'homme a toujours rendu la Lune coupable de ses propres bêtises.
Le mot lunatique vient de Luna. Planter et récolter devait se faire suivant les phases de la Lune. Il en était de même pour les essences de la nature. Cependant la Lune a toujours légalisé que la pleine Lune était une excuse pour les violences et le jour n'est peut-être pas loin que nous ressens le même chose.
Duke University et d'autres centres de recherches ont accumulé une montagne de preuves établissent que le crime, la violence et les troubles émotionnels sont en forte augmentation au cours de la pleine Lune. Les départements de la police de plusieurs grandes villes ont un grand nombre de cas de délinquance sur leurs réserves au cours de cette période. Les registres d'écologie d'Allemagne et des grands départements de la police montrent un rapport certain entre les troubles et la pleine Lune.
Mores Iridiodes", un iris Sud-Africain, fleurit le premier jour du premier quartier de la Lune. Elle fleurit le jour avant le plein Lune et elle fleurit à peine à la pleine Lune. Aucun vrai scientifique peut forcer Mores à dévier d'un 1er.
Le ver merin#Bundo Viridis# ne frotte que durant la pleine Lune, tout comme le "Pololo" des îles Hawaï, et le grunion de Californie.
Ces influences ne se font pas seulement sentir à la lumière de la Lune. Les mêmes effets ont lieu en laboratoire. Dans la plus complète obscurité ou lorsqu'la Lune est cachée par des nuages épais, l'intensité de la lumière de la Lune n'est que de 1/200.000 de celle de la lumière solaire. Cette dernière est donc extrêmement plus forte.
Le Professeur Harold S. Burr de l'École de Médecine de Yale, observe des électrodes dans un écrin et mesure le potentiel de forces électriques générées par toutes les choses vivantes. Il rapporte "une vigueur et importante augmentation" du potentiel électrique à chaque pleine Lune.
À l'Université Duke, le Dr. Leonard J. Revita pousse l'expérience un peu plus loin. Il écrase son électrode à un groupe d'étudiants d'âge différent et mesure journallement leur potentiel électrique. Dans la pleine rotation de la Lune, il vit qu'il se passe quelque chose dans les écrans et parmi les vers. À chaque pleine Lune il y a un changement indubitable dans le force vitale de chaque étudiant.
De naturellement la Lune ne peut pas rendre le corps aussi froid. Pour une partie le potentiel vital augmente vivement à la pleine Lune aussi bien qu'à la nouvelle Lune. Mais pour d'autres, il diminue tout aussi rapidement, sans raison apparente. Des influences telles que températures et humidité et problèmes émotionnels ont été éliminés, mais quoi que fasse la Lune il semble que l'influence soit différente d'une personne à une autre. | |
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Le prochain fois que votre femme trouvera dans votre carnet le numéro de téléphone d'une blonde, expliquez-lui que vous n'êtes pas responsable étant donné qu'il y a pleine lune. Si cela marche faites-le nous savoir.
Si tout cela excite votre curiosité et si vous décidez de passer votre temps à étudier la Lune, faites attention. Les astronomes peuvent avoir leur raison. Richard Burton, traducteur renommé par la traduction des "Mille et Une Nuits", est homme de science respectueux, parmi des cœurs divers d'indigènes d'Afrique devenus fous à la pleine lune. L'un de ses porteurs eut le peu d'un côté complètement blanchie en dormant exposé à la lumière brillante de la Lune.
Vous pouvez rire si vous le désirez, mais là où il s'agit de la Lune, ne prenez rien pour certain même si cela semble l'être.
Des choses extrêmement étranges se passent là.
+++ | |
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Quant à être morte, elle a quelque chose qui croît et change avec les saisons.
6-Cet ensemble de faits influence notre vie. A part ce fait et les tours qu'elle joue à notre vie sentimentale, elle dérange la radio et les signaux horaires et reproche littéralement New York d'une distance considérablement plus courte de Londres.
Le point vraiment fascinant est, sans nul doute, celui ayant trait à la vie sur la Lune. Cela a toujours intrigué l'humanité. Dès en 1835 le "New York Sun" publia un rapport attribué à l'astronome, Sir John Herschel, au sujet de la découverte d'une reine de singes s'illes sur la Lune. Cette histoire treme dans le pays entier tout le monde pour un mois. L'homme réputable "New York Times" s'éroule et félicite le "Sun" pour se publiciter. Mais la réaffirmation ne fut découverte, Locke avait réussi à emmener la nation.
En bien, toutefois, un nombre de découvertes au sujet de la Lune, plus étonnantes que n'importe quelle histoire de signes s'illes, ont été faites. L'accumulation graduelle de témoignages n'est pas encore une évidence indéniable de la présence d'une civilisation intelligente à haut, mais cela procure quelques nuits blanches aux partisans des "sens ouvres vie possible".
Les faits les plus étranges sont les formations de lignes croisées de arbres ressemblent fortement à la photo aérienne prise à grande distance, de pâtés de maisons et de rues. L'astronome Gruithuisen trouva la première formation au Nord de Schröter (les orateurs sont baptisés du nom de l'astronome) et il y a plus de 130 ans de cela, mais le bataille qu'il déclenche dans les milieux scientifiques bat encore son plein.
Gruithuisen fut traité de fou par ce qu'il appelle sa découverte une ville, mais auparavant, ceux qui le tirent en ridicule, ne trouvaient pas de similitudes ont été découvertes. Il y en a de grandes dans les orateurs de Gruithuisen, de nouveaux pâtés de maisons se sont ajoutés à la ville, siers rues ont été prolongées au cours des années d'observations.
Il est possible qu'il y ait un boom de construction sur la Lune. Minim- de 20 miles, joignant les orateurs Messier et W.H. Pickering. Si ce tumeur n'a pas été construit, il pourrait avoir été formé, crom -12, par le glissement d'un météorite.
En Décembre 1915, le orateur Aristarchus réserve aux observateurs une surprise de Noël, sous forme d'une nouvelle enceinte noire qui n'avait | |
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En 1922, les constructeurs de rempart extrêmement en étoile. Trois longs remparts, qui semblaient artificiels, apparaissent que la surface de Archimèdes. Puis trois autres furent découvertes tout près de là. Ils étaient construits en triangle et reliés entre eux par de bas terrasses. En 1925, une étude de l'astronomie mentionne l'existen- tance d'un long rempart, courbé et un rectangle, en ligne droite avec croix, qui ressemblait d'une façon surprenante à un visage.
De nouvelles énigmes sont découvertes chaque année. Beaucoup d'entre elles sont de toute évidence récentes, mais personne n'ose suggérer comment elles se sont produites.
Les sélénographes, ceux qui dessinent les cartes et analysent la géogra- phie de la Lune au point de vue physique, ont, pendant des générations de quelque chose situé près d'un cratère appelé Birt. Cet objet long et fantomatique, n'est la forme d'une époque ou d'une cathédrale.
Il y a quelques années un groupe de têtes blanches, sous forme de la lettre grecque Gamma, apparaît sur le sol de Littrow. Ensuite le coûteau Erastosthène produisit quelque chose ressemblant à la lettre X. Dans Plinius, il y a un dessin tellement surprenant que personne ne peut se figurer ce que c'est.
Et cependant, pour quelques raisons mystérieuses, les astronomes ont bâti un Rêve d'argent sur les faits et gestes lunaires, malgré l'existence de ces énigmes et phénomènes intrigants. Ces dix dernières années "Monthly Notices" le revue de l'Académie Royale d'Astronomie n'a plus mentionné la Lune dans sa table des matières. Le plupart des autres magazines spécialisés dans ce domaine ont fait de même.
Les textes d'astronomie modernes disent carrément que toutes les études sur la Lune sont pour ainsi dire faites par des amateurs. Il semble que les professionnels soient bien trop occupés à scruter l'Univers courbé d'Einstein.
Lorsque le grand télescope de 200 pouces fut érigé à Palomar, une histo- rie se souvient qu'il fit répandre, disant que les astronomes n'avaient qu'à tourner ce géant vers la Lune et qu'immédiatement l'on aurait une ré- ponse à un millier de mystères, mais heureusement rien n'était aussi loin de la vérité. Le Grand Ciel grossit la Lune, mais il grossit également toutes les petites différences atmosphériques, trop faibles que pour troubler les instruments de grande dimensions. Pour les étoiles et les planètes, ce facteur est d'importance. Sur une ima- ge aussi détaillée que la Lune, cela provoque le chaos des astronomes, estiment que les conditions parfaites d'observations de la Lune ne sont pourraient se faire qu'une fois. Non, et personne ne veut bloquer le plus puissant instrument d'astronomie pour un espoir perdu. | |
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Ne croyez pas que lorsque quelqu'un s'écrie "Vite, observez la Lune" vous pouvez tout simplement faire tourner un miroir de 200 pouces. Il faut des heures de réglages compliqués pour ce qui peut n'être seulement un phénomène d'optique. L'œil humain n'est toujours inférieure à l'œil humain. Les études lunaires, aussi la séphotographe est encore toujours effectuée en grande partie à l'aide de petits télescopes bon marché, de six ou dix pouces, souvent fabriqués à domicile.
Pour frô 900 ou moins, n'importe qui peut s'acheter toutes les pièces d'un télescope à réflecteur et se mettre de la partie. Les découvertes de grande importance ont été faites par des amateurs à l'œil de jumelles ordinaires et même à l'œil nu.
Il existe encore une raison primordiale pour laquelle les professionnels ont pratiquement cédé le champ lunaire aux amateurs et au sujet de laquelle ils ne parlent jamais: L'espace lointain est extrêmement sûr pour conjecturer. Les astronomes enumereront couramment le dimensio- nement pour que l'ombre de la Terre se couvre physiquement d'une étoile noire à quelques milliards d'années d'années. Les télescopes capables de nous donner un seul de ces faits, avec certitude, au sujet de la Lune.
La Lune semble prendre un tel plaisir à tourner les savants en boursier.
Au cours de la nuit du 19 Mars 1848, une éclipse totale de la Lune devait avoir lieu et les astronomes étaient à leur poste. C'était de la simple routine. On s'attendait à ce que l'ombre de la Terre se mette à grignoter la Lune, qu'elle l'obscurcisse complètement au point total puis qu'elle disparaîse en glissant. Mais quelque chose reta.
La Lune semble subitement rouge, comme du sang. Puis, au lieu de s'assombrir elle devint plus brillante, trois fois aussi brillante que son éclat normal. "Ainsi parfaitement illuminée que s'il n'y avait pas eu d'éclipse du tout" rapporte l'astronome Walker, complètement démonté. Ils ne virent jamais l'éclipse, ni purent dire ce qu'il en était advenu. Il est très probable qu'elle se promène toujours dans quelque bureau comme des Objets Perdus en compagnie d'une autre qui oblige son rendez-vous avec l'expédition de Scott dans l'Antarctique en 1903. "Il ne peut qu'y avoir eu une éclipse ce jour là" déclara Scott plus tard "mais aucun de nous ne peut le prouver".
Le 28 Avril 1930, la Lune devait éclipser le Soleil. Des oculaires labo- rieux avaient établi que l'ombre serait large d'un demi mille. Cette fois l'éclipse fut exactement à l'heure... mais l'ombre était de cinq miles.
Le Dr. Jeffers, astronome en chef de l'Observatoire Lick, fit un rapport établissant que ceci ne pouvait pas nécessaire- ment que la Lune était beaucoup plus proche de Terre qu'un ne le pen- sait. Il devait y avoir une autre explication raisonnable. Malheureuse- ment, il fut incapable de donner cette explication. | |
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Disons simplement qu'en 1848, en 1903 et en 1930, la Lune réussit à gâter les choses d'une façon abominable et inexplicable...
Ainsi les calculs sommaires des anciens Grecs s'approchent d'une façon surprenante, à ceux de la science moderne en établissant la distance de la Lune à la Terre à environ 233,000 milles. jusqu'à récemment les astronome purent démontrer des mesures plus compliquées que la Lune se rapprochait graduellement de la Terre.
Actuellement les astronome peuvent démontrer de la même façon que la Lune s'éloigne graduellement de la Terre.
Lorsqu'un astronome devient enragé, il ne dit pas "Diablo", comme le simple mortel, mais il dit "Lune". C'est le plus vilain mot de son vocabulaire.
Il est ridicule et embarrassant pour lui de voir ce grand et beau globe pendant au dessus de son errée-cour et de ne pas être à même de comprendre ce qui se compose, à-t-il été arraché d'une terre liquide par la force centrifuge, au cours des jours qui ont formé notre univers? Ou bien s'est-il égaré, venant d'espaces lointains, à la recherche d'un astronome facile et fait-il pris au piège par le champ de gravité de la Terre?
L'astronome peut faire son choix, car il impartiallement heros, la Lune offre autant de possibilités à l'une théorie qu'à une autre.
L'on a dit que la Lune était une masse de rois solide. Puis l'on a dit que s'était du rois, mais recouvert de pierre poncée, de lave ou de poussière météorique. Puis l'on envoie tout au diable et l'on en retourne à Alderber et à Eteleuse. On ne peut les blâmer, vu le façon dont ils ont été traités.
Voyez ce qui arrive au Dr Nininger, le principe autorité en matière de météores et l'un des rares astronome qui, excepté le Dr Lincoln Le Poz et Walter Hass de l'Université d'Ohio, qui dit franchement qu'il observent encore toujours la Lune.
Après les calculs de Nininger quelques 70,000 mètres voleraient vers Luna au cours de chaque heure. Sans la profonde ouverture d'atmosphère, comme le nôtre, pour les brider, la meilleure partie doit s'écraser sur le sol, à des vitesses de 4 à 70 milles par seconde, de sorte que, logiquement, le sol de la Lune devrait être brûlée et pulvérisée à une profondeur de plusieurs pieds.
Hass calcula qu'un météore de 10 livres provoquerait une explosion assez grande que pour être observée au télescope. En 1941 il groupe une équipe afin d'observer de tels éclairs. Il eut d'excellents résultats. Au cours de la nuit du 10 juillet 1941, il en vit | |
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deux en l'espace de cinq minutes. Sur un total de 170 heures d'observation, le groupe vit également 12 boules de feu ou mé-
téores, passer en éclaire à travers le disque obscur de la Lune.
L'Armée entre en scène. Après avoir sans doute passé le temps à bombarder un sergent avec des boulettes de viande, il s'est montré que même un objet minuscule rencontrait un autre objet solide à des vitesses de 4 ou 5 milles à la seconde seulement, exploseraient comme un obus. Un météore de 10 livres, frappant la Lune à 70 milles à l'heure, produirait une sorte de Bikini lunaire, y compris la poussière.
L'évidence confirmait solidairement la théorie de Nininger d'une sur-
face lunaire tourmentée. Même des astronomes, qui en général, se querellent au sujet de n'importe quoi, trouvèrent peu à redire à ce sujet.
Ainsi en 1946 le Corps des Signeleurs des USA et Z.Bay de Hongrie communèrent indépendamment les premiers sondages par radar de la Lune. Ils trouvèrent que l'épaisseur moyenne de la poussière sur le surface lunaire était d'un millimètre!
Mais ceci n'est qu'une chose qui fit loucher les astronomes. Tenez vous bien, avant que nous n'allions plus loin.
Un autre groupe modifie la nouvelle science de l'analyse, à l'issue de polarisation vers la Lune, consulte ses instruments et s'écrit "Poussière volonique à coup sûr". Puis il se tournèrent vers l'es-
pace et obtinrent exactement les mêmes indications de la planète Mercure et de Vesta, un astéroïde tellement petit qu'il ne pour-
rait être poussiéreux que si on le trempeait dans de la colle. Ils étaient encore tout étonné de cela lorsqu'un nouvel examen par radar démontre que si la météore était de la poussière, elle faisaient que la gravité sur les sondages démontrent que cette même poussière collait sur une même épaisseur aux sur-
faces verticales des roches.
Cette manie que le Lune vole même des reyons de radar. Des astronomes lui inonderont des électrons et ils seront relançés aussi gentiment que n'importe qui pourrait le faire. Puis subi-
tement, tout ce qu'ils reçoivent en retour est un grand rien du tout. Tout semble bien mirocher, sauf les lois de la physique.
Mais cela n'est pas plus grave que la grande misère de l'atmos-
phère. N'importe quel jeune météoricien peut prouver qu'il est scientifiquement impossible que la Lune ait une atmosphère. La
gravité lunaire, un sixième de celle de la Terre, est trop faible
que pour maintenir des molécules ultra-répides de gaz atmosphéri-
ques, même à température ordinaire. | |
[
"{\n \"broad_topical_query\": \"Document about atmospheric refraction and lunar observations\",\n \"broad_topical_explanation\": \"This query covers the main subject of the document, which is atmospheric refraction and observations of the moon.\",\n \"specific_detail_query\": \"Atmospheric refraction causing images of stars to appear in the sky\",\n \"specific_detail_explanation\": \"This query focuses on a specific fact mentioned in the document, which is the atmospheric refraction causing images of stars to appear in the sky.\",\n \"visual_element_query\": \"Document with text in French\",\n \"visual_element_explanation\": \"This query refers to the visual element of the document, which is the text in French, indicating that the document is in French.\"\n}"
] | Document about atmospheric refraction and lunar observations | This query covers the main subject of the document, which is atmospheric refraction and observations of the moon. | Atmospheric refraction causing images of stars to appear in the sky | This query focuses on a specific fact mentioned in the document, which is the atmospheric refraction causing images of stars to appear in the sky. | Document with text in French | This query refers to the visual element of the document, which is the text in French, indicating that the document is in French. | true | <page_number>7</page_number>
Avec des températures journalières de 212° Fahrenheit, il est évident que toutes les petites molécules ont, depuis longtemps, disparaître de l'espace. Ils peuvent le prouver également. L'atmosphère produit des nuages et personne n'a jamais vu un nuage ou des nuages de la Lune.
La Lune ne réfléchit pas non plus des étoiles. L'atmosphère réfracte ou dévie les rayons lumineux, comme l'eau le fait, mais dans une moindre proportion. Lorsqu'un corps avec atmosphère cesse ou perd de l'air, il ne peut pas se déplacer. L'image de l'étoile hors de sa place au dernier moment. Lorsque les astronomes ne virent pas ce sujet, ils dirent: "Pas d'atmosphère".
Afin de prouver leurs dires ils échauffèrent tellement l'air par leurs discussions qu'une partie de celui-ci doit avoir atteint la Lune et y être resté collé par des rapports de réfraction d'étoiles. Ils ne peuvent pas arriver. Forte ils voient une image, parfois ils n'en voient pas, c'est trouble, c'est le moins que l'on puisse dire.
Des nuages? Actuellement les observateurs les voient, blancs, gris et rouges. Certains sont tellement denses qu'ils produisent des ombres visibles. Occasionnellement le cratère Platon, près du pôle Nord, est couvert de nuages sur presque la totalité de ses 3.000 milles carrés, tandis qu'un blanchissement, semblable à de la neige a été observé très près du pôle.
Les boules de feu vues par le groupe de Haas et par d'autres n'étaient pas être embrassées que si elles avaient été portées à l'incendie par friction avec une sorte d'atmosphère. Dependent quelqu'un savants insistent encore sur le fait que la Lune n'en est pas.
Essayez d'étudier le géographie lunaire ou sélénographie, appelée sélénographie ce que la déesse de la Lune était Sélène. Le sélénographie provoqué plus de luttes qu'une seule offensive de paix russe.
Vous pouvez vous rendre compte à quel point les sélénographie est importante en notant que le plupart des cartes lunaires sont imprimées en sens inverse, le nord étant en bas et l'est à gauche. C'est par ce qu'un télescope inverse l'image et c'est ainsi qu'ils la voient.
Des noms ont été donnés à quelques 600 à 700 marques lunaires. Les MARIA ou mers (qui ne sont pas des mers du tout) ont des noms latins de fontaines tel que Mère Serenité, ou Mère Nubium. Elles reçoivent des noms bien plus vitrioliques au cours des discussions sans jamais être écouté si cela sont des enclins lits de lave.
Les montagnes portent des noms terrestres, tels que les Alpes et les Appennins, mais la ressemblance s'arrête là. Elles sont incorporellement sauvages et accidentées, avec des fêtes atteignant des pics. | |
[
"{\n \"broad_topical_query\": \"Document about the moon and its craters\",\n \"broad_topical_explanation\": \"This query is effective because it covers the main subject of the document, which is the moon and its craters.\",\n \"specific_detail_query\": \"Document mentioning the diameter of the moon's craters\",\n \"specific_detail_explanation\": \"This query is effective because it focuses on a specific fact mentioned in the document, which is the diameter of the moon's craters.\",\n \"visual_element_query\": \"Document with a diagram of the moon's surface\",\n \"visual_element_explanation\": \"This query is effective because it refers to a visual element present in the document, which is a diagram of the moon's surface.\"\n}"
] | Document about the moon and its craters | This query is effective because it covers the main subject of the document, which is the moon and its craters. | Document mentioning the diameter of the moon's craters | This query is effective because it focuses on a specific fact mentioned in the document, which is the diameter of the moon's craters. | Document with a diagram of the moon's surface | This query is effective because it refers to a visual element present in the document, which is a diagram of the moon's surface. | true | <page_number>8</page_number>
de cinq ou six milles. Certaines brillent comme si elles étaient couvertes de glace, ce qui serait une bonne farce à des tempéra-
tures de plus de 120° F.
Le Chêne de Liebnitz, au pôle sud, est si haute que ses piliers sont éclairés par le soleil même lorsque le reste de la Lune est obs-
cure, ce qui lui a valu le nom romantique de "Montagnes de la
Lumière Eternelle". Des preuves existent que cette cheffe ne fut
créée par aucune des forces qui formèrent les montagnes de la
Terre.
Il en est de même pour les orretres lunaires. Les sélénographes se
sont disputés pendant un siècle au sujet de leur origine. Comme
vous pouvez le voir sur des photos, la Lune est orbitee de cre-
tères.Plus de 300.000 ont été comptés, variant en dimensions,
les petits d'un diamètre d'un quart de mille et les grands tel
que le "Cerf-Volant" avec un diamètre de 180 milles.Il est possi-
ble qu'il y en ait eu des milliers de plus, trop petits pour être découverts par le télescope.
A l'origine ils furent considérés comme étant des volcans éteints
et tout le monde fit heureux, mais il faut qu'il y est toujours un
petit malin dans le foule. Quelqu'un prouve que des volcans d'un
diamètre de 150 milles ne pourraient pas faire éruption. Quelqu'un
d'autre fit remarquer que les roches des montagnes sont peu uni,
ce qui serait le cas s'égasitait de la lave solidifiée. Et que
dire alors des orretres dont des piliers montagneux se dressent dans
leur centre?
Il en résulte une querelle qui probablement fera rage pendant un
siècle, sans résultat aucun. Le Professeur Pickering pense qu'ils
étaient provoqués par l'extinction de la lune, mais certains, d'autres
s'en tiennent aux volcans, d'autres encore les considèrent comme
des failles ouvées par des météores, ou par l'explosion de bulles
de gaz. C'est une lutte épique, mais comme d'habitude, personne ne
gagne.
Généralement, l'école météorite est en avance d'une longueur, grande
aux débordées comme les éclairs-chois de Hees, les découvertes fei-
tes par l'Artillerie de la Lune, les objets de l'explosion d'objets
et autres, mais aussi longtemps qu'ils n'ouvrent pas les déposi-
se aux orse-étés tels que la dispersion de la poussière de Ni-
ninger et les piliers au centre des orretres, ils ne pourront encais-
ser de tickets au guichet du peri-mutuel.
L'un des mystères les plus troubles est au sujet de la Lune con-
cernant les rayons. Vous pouvez les voir en photo, jaillissent de plus-
ieurs orretres comme d'immenses éclaboussures. Ils ont un reflet argenté, mais ceux de Kepler et d'aristarchus sont les
plus brillants. Les rayons de Tycho mesurent 10 milles en largeur
et 1000 milles en longueur. | |
[
"{\n \"broad_topical_query\": \"Document about meteorites and their effects on Earth\",\n \"broad_topical_explanation\": \"This query covers the main subject of the document, which is the study of meteorites and their impact on Earth.\",\n \"specific_detail_query\": \"Meteorite that was visible to all observers\",\n \"specific_detail_explanation\": \"This query focuses on a specific fact mentioned in the document, which is the meteorite that was visible to all observers.\",\n \"visual_element_query\": \"Document with a page number\",\n \"visual_element_explanation\": \"This query refers to the visual element of the document, which is the page number '9'.\"\n}"
] | Document about meteorites and their effects on Earth | This query covers the main subject of the document, which is the study of meteorites and their impact on Earth. | Meteorite that was visible to all observers | This query focuses on a specific fact mentioned in the document, which is the meteorite that was visible to all observers. | Document with a page number | This query refers to the visual element of the document, which is the page number '9'. | true | <page_number>9</page_number>
Mais que sont-ils ? Ils ne projettent pas d'ombre. Ils doivent donc être au ni veu du paysage et pourtant ils traversent des édifices et des montagnes et même d'autres rayons gens dévier d'un cheveu. Ils rendent les astronomes fous. Il n'y a rien ici qui puisse y ressembler.
La théorie est actuellement qu'ils sont réellement les délaboussures d'un météorite métallique se liqué difinant au moment de l'impact. Le projectile métal fondu avec une telle force que celui-ci était visible à travers les accidents du paysage. Ceci semble bien aussi longtemps que vous essayez de vous imaginer un météorite possèdent assez de métal que pour en projeter à 1000 milles dans toutes les directions.
La théorie possède autant de trucs que les chaussettes d'un oïlbeaute, mais ce n'est pas le meilleure théorie que nous avons. C'est le seul.
Nous avons ensuite les petits ruisseaux. Ce sont des crevasses profondes, certaines larges d'un demi-mille, qui s'étendent sur une distance de plusieurs centaines de milles sur le solstice de la Lune, exactement comme les rayons, mais vides du ruban argenté. Personne ne peut les expliquer comme personne ne peut expliquer le châssis de petite croûte qui se superposent ou qui sont reliés entre eux par de petits ruisseaux et qui s'étendent en lignes droites.
Et puis il y a les déserts qui n'en sont pas et les grandes dômes comme il n'en existe pas sur Terre. Le plus grand est dans le cratère Derwi, situé au sud-est de la Lune. Il y a tout un groupe de dômes à l'est de Copernic, en direction de l'ère Norma, mais pour les machines, formes ont le décence de rester à celles-ci. C'est plus que l'on peut dire au sujet des choses étranges qui se passent sur la Lune.
Prenons Linne par exemple. Ce Linne est, ou était, qui se trouve, ou se trouve tout seul et proéminent dans le vaste Mère Serenitatis. Jusqu'à ce que l'environnement soit devenu noir se condamnent rapidement pour le cratère lunaire. Puis une nuit, Schmid d'AthèNES, observe que le ciel de Linne possède de noir, comme un ciel noir bordé de noir. Ensuite il disperut tout simplement. Quelques nuits plus tard toute cette région fut aussi vide que les promesses d'un politicien. Ensuite, au moment où les astronomes s'arrêtaient les cheveux de désespoir, Linne disperut tout comme à la même place, et continue à jouer à ce que ce soit. Une fois il disperut tellement longtemps qu'il ne plus mentionné sur les cartes lunaires et il n'a plus revu tout son corps. À la même époque, les ruisseaux certes soient fausses. Une fois à la fin d'une éclipse, il brillait comme un phare. Une autre fois lorsque cette région était dans l'obscurité, un point blanc montant lentement sur son versant fut remarqué. | |
[
"{\n \"broad_topical_query\": \"UFOs: The Evidence\",\n \"broad_topical_explanation\": \"This query targets the main subject of the document, which is the examination of UFO evidence.\",\n \"specific_detail_query\": \"Proceedings of the 8th BUFORA International UFO Congress\",\n \"specific_detail_explanation\": \"This query focuses on a specific detail mentioned in the document, which is the title of the proceedings.\",\n \"visual_element_query\": \"UFO image\",\n \"visual_element_explanation\": \"This query targets the visual element of the UFO image, which is likely to be a key feature of the document's cover.\"\n}"
] | UFOs: The Evidence | This query targets the main subject of the document, which is the examination of UFO evidence. | Proceedings of the 8th BUFORA International UFO Congress | This query focuses on a specific detail mentioned in the document, which is the title of the proceedings. | UFO image | This query targets the visual element of the UFO image, which is likely to be a key feature of the document's cover. | true | UFOs: Examining THE EVIDENCE
The Proceedings of the 8th BUFORA International UFO Congress
Sponsored by Columbia/Sony Music and
<img>Illustration of a dome-like structure with a cityscape in the background.</img>
<img>Illustration of a humanoid figure with a distorted face.</img>
<img>Illustration of a hand reaching out, with a silhouette of a house and trees in the background.</img>
bufora | |
[
"{\n \"broad_topical_query\": \"Document about strange aerial phenomena observed in the North Sea\",\n \"broad_topical_explanation\": \"This query is effective because it covers the main subject of the document, which is the strange aerial phenomena observed in the North Sea.\",\n \"specific_detail_query\": \"Double moons phenomenon observed in the North Sea\",\n \"specific_detail_explanation\": \"This query is effective because it focuses on a specific detail mentioned in the document, which is the double moons phenomenon.\",\n \"visual_element_query\": \"Image of a ship in the North Sea\",\n \"visual_element_explanation\": \"This query is effective because it references the visual element present in the document, which is the image of a ship in the North Sea.\"\n}"
] | Document about strange aerial phenomena observed in the North Sea | This query is effective because it covers the main subject of the document, which is the strange aerial phenomena observed in the North Sea. | Double moons phenomenon observed in the North Sea | This query is effective because it focuses on a specific detail mentioned in the document, which is the double moons phenomenon. | Image of a ship in the North Sea | This query is effective because it references the visual element present in the document, which is the image of a ship in the North Sea. | true | refraction of light in ice crystals and/or layers of inversion in the atmosphere - the latter being a transition of air from cold air and warmer air above this. Both types of phenomena is known to result in interesting light phenomena, in particular reflections/refraction of light from the Sun or the Moon.
While these theories do not match the sightings 100 %, the most probably explanation is the reflection/refraction of light in ice crystals in the atmosphere. This is supported by the fact, that the times of the sightings correlate with the full moon of the month of October, where conditions resulting in ice crystals were found.
The fact, that the image seemed to be an exact copy of the Moon indicates a reflection of light rather than a refraction.
However, the issue that is most difficult to explain by the theory of reflection is the very small angle between the Moon and the image of the Moon. This angle can then actually be explained by the theory of refraction of the light, if one assumes that the light passed ice needles with an horizontal orientation in the atmosphere. No such light, though, was observed, which is normal in the case of refraction.
In any case these sightings of "double moons" another example of the fact, that nature by itself creates a wide variety of spectacular phenomena - of which many is still not fully investigated and documented.
**Sightings from the North Sea**
The above sightings of "double moons" were observed following media exposure of some different sightings from the North Sea:
It is Wednesday October 20th 1993 and the time is 4:50 a.m. Danish Mean Time. The weather observer on the production platform Tyra East is outside to study the cloud cover. A cloud cover of 100% is observed in a quarter of an hour. Just over the platform the weather observer sees a round and orange-luminous phenomenon, which is only a few phenomena west of the observer. The phenomenon seems to have diffuse edges and the size is about "half" a full moon. (But it can not have been the full moon as it had not risen at this time.)
As the weather observer cannot give this immediate natural explanation for this, he contacts Denmark Meteorological Office (DMI), which asks him to contact the Naval Operational Command (SOK), who then ask him to contact SUFOI's Alarm Centre.
At 5:30 a.m. the weather observer phones SUFOI Alarm Centre and gives a short description of the phenomenon, which can still be seen.
Not only on Tyra East can the orange light be observed. On the Gormfelt (which is about 18 km. south Tyra East) two crane drivers also saw a similar phenomenon near the zenith. But contrary to the weather observer on Tyra East, they not only see one, but two phenomena close to each other.
Finally the phenomenon is also seen from two ships, which lie close to Tyra East. On board one of the ships try to photograph the phenomenon, but unfortunately there is too much movement of the ship, so one cannot photograph it.
Several times a cloud slides in front of the phenomenon, which then disappears. In the beginning of the sightings the cloud is cloistered by 2/8 to 3/8 clouds. But gradually the cloud cover concentrates and finally the orange light disappears completely. It is then observed that the time is 6:10 a.m. and all together the phenomenon could be observed at least for 60 minutes.
**Investigation**
It was first thought, that the phenomenon could have been a chemical cloud lit by the sun - emitted in connection with a space experiment. To receive confirmation or invalidation of this theory, the European Space Agency (ESA) and the ECOC were contacted. There they stated, that to their knowledge no chemical experiment had been carried out in the sky above the North Sea at the time of the observation mentioned.
SUFOI also contacted the NASA, and here received the same negative answer.
If one compares this information with the fact that chemical clouds normally can be seen for maximally 20-30 minutes, it seems certain that it cannot have been chemical clouds.
If the phenomenon was not a chemical cloud, what was it? The most standard explanations (like strong lights from stars, planets satellites etc.) could be excluded. There remained only few possibilities, for example, that the clouds are Luminous night clouds are to be seen, when clouds of particles high up in the atmosphere are lit by the sun's rays and therewith can be seen at night.
However, in connection with further research it was proved that luminous
<page_number>10</page_number> | |
[
"{\n \"broad_topical_query\": \"UFO sightings and investigations\",\n \"broad_topical_explanation\": \"This query would be effective because it covers the main subject of the document, which is the investigation of UFO sightings and the experiences of the witnesses.\",\n \"specific_detail_query\": \"UFO sighting in Viborg, Denmark\",\n \"specific_detail_explanation\": \"This query would be effective because it focuses on a specific event mentioned in the document, which is the UFO sighting near Viborg in Denmark.\",\n \"visual_element_query\": \"Image of Boomerang UFO\",\n \"visual_element_explanation\": \"This query would be effective because it refers to the visual element present in the document, which is the image of the Boomerang UFO photographed over central Copenhagen.\"\n}"
] | UFO sightings and investigations | This query would be effective because it covers the main subject of the document, which is the investigation of UFO sightings and the experiences of the witnesses. | UFO sighting in Viborg, Denmark | This query would be effective because it focuses on a specific event mentioned in the document, which is the UFO sighting near Viborg in Denmark. | Image of Boomerang UFO | This query would be effective because it refers to the visual element present in the document, which is the image of the Boomerang UFO photographed over central Copenhagen. | true | night clouds could be excluded. Several facts speak against this theory: They are seen in the summer time, they are always seen relatively low on the horizon, they are directed by the sun, and they carry out a distinct motion in the course of only 5-10 minutes.
Several possibilities for a natural explanation were examined, but without luck. At the end, it looked like we were faced with a phenomenon, which we could explain.
The phenomenon is seen again
On Thursday morning November 25th 1993 the phenomenon was observed again from Tyra East! Both with connection to form, colour and position on the sky the new observation was identical to the first observation. The only difference was, that this time not one light could be seen but several close to each other.
All seems to point to the assumption that it was the same phenomenon which was seen on October 20th and again November 25th (only a little over a month after the first observation).
Therefore, we begin to investigate that the phenomenon could be a form of atmospheric reflection of light from the well known flares on oil platform. This was confirmed by the witnesses and is now regarded as the final conclusion of the sightings.
Car Stop Near Viborg
This episode took place in October 1976, but has first reached SUFOI in the beginning of 1984. A man in Stolthavn, Denmark, received a TV subscription as a Christmas present and wrote to SUFOI about an unusual meteorological observation, which he had himself. Apart from that he wrote that a group of people had seen him, told him about an old, exciting case, and that SUFOI could contact the person in question. Therefore SUFOI visited the man on one such day in February, a 47-year-old woman, who wishes to remain anonymous.
K. recounts: "The time is approx. 8.p.m and we are on our way to have evening coffee with some of our relatives. It is dark and slightly rainy weather and we are driving under the Nybro which is situated between Ravnstrup and Sparkær. When we had passed through the bridge, we could see four sharp lights over an area which is at a distance of about 15 kilometers. We drove on, and when we reached the spot, a swampy area, the car simply stops and the light of the car goes out.
Of course we try to start the car again. We are not happy about the situation. This is not something we have seen before. In the car are my pen-friend and my husband, and I am sitting on that side where the lights are, the side face the moon. We sat and talked about what we did. None of us is eager to get out of the car, and I can't hear the car. But I rolled down the window to listen whether there would be any sound, but there is none, none at all. There are only the four lights, and they are sharper than any searchlight.
The lights shine down in the moon. All four lights are directed directly down. We are sitting, as mentioned, talking about what it could be, and we are not happy about the situation, I have to admit. I believe we were sitting there for a long time, and we were not happy.
Above the lights are nothing. And there are no small lights. We can not see a black object or anything else. We are talking of it possibly being a helicopter or something like that, but in that case there would be sounds. And we can not hear anything. I can't say, and I can't remember either. But after this quarter of an hour, all these four lights are drawn upwards in some way, and then they simply switched off - they are being drawn into something, and then there was no more. Then the light on our car went on, nothing else happens, so we can start our car and drive away.
Apart from that, we can evaluate the witness and her ability to describe and remember the details of the sighting. It is our impression, that what K is telling, is truly something she has experienced. Of course one can have forgotten some important details after 18 years, and the experience is clear in K's memory.
As the observation is described, e.g. the lights seen down below the horizon, that there was no sound, the witness' credibility and also that there were four witnesses in all - we cannot come up with any natural explanation for this phenomenon seen. The matter is unexplained.
Boomerang UFO Photographed over Central Copenhagen
A female student explains, that she, Saturday, May 25, 1994 around 11 o'clock looked through the window in the basement of the building, central Copenhagen. She then witnessed a strange phenomenon that looked like a "boomerang". It moved towards West in the direction like an arrow.
She ran to her boyfriend, and they both saw the object continue its movement to the West in a straight line. The boyfriend took his camera and took two photos of the strange object. After 4-5 minutes the object
repeated part of the story, and SUFOI took a few photos of the area. We noticed that K was not quite at ease at being at that area again. We asked her if she was afraid, and she asked me to touch her sweaty hand, and she also said she had "goose-pimples" over her whole body.
There were four houses to be seen from the road, and even if it was only a slim chance, SUFOI wanted to examine whether there was someone there. We asked the housewife, who could tell anything interesting about the case. However, none of the residents could add anything to the case.
As the case is 18 years old, it is in really impossible to examine in detail. In SUFOI we can register the report and the photos, and of course have it confirmed by K's former husband (we have done that) and also the pen-friend from South Africa.
When we got home I phoned the police in Viborg to enquire what we should do. They advised me to go to Karpus Meteorological Station. I phoned them. I asked whether there had been planes or helicopters or anything else in the area, but there had been none of these things. And then they said they would examine it, but I never heard from them again.
Investigation
When SUFOI and K visited the sighting area, K pointed out the place where the car had stopped involuntarily, without any doubt. She
<page_number>11</page_number> | |
[
"{\n \"broad_topical_query\": \"Document about a dead cow and UFO sighting\",\n \"broad_topical_explanation\": \"This query covers the main subject of the document, which is the mysterious death of a cow and the sighting of a UFO.\",\n \"specific_detail_query\": \"Cow died of lack of magnesium\",\n \"specific_detail_explanation\": \"This query focuses on a specific fact mentioned in the document, which is the cause of the cow's death.\",\n \"visual_element_query\": \"Image of a cow lying dead in a field\",\n \"visual_element_explanation\": \"This query references the visual element in the document, which is the image of a cow lying dead in a field.\"\n}"
] | Document about a dead cow and UFO sighting | This query covers the main subject of the document, which is the mysterious death of a cow and the sighting of a UFO. | Cow died of lack of magnesium | This query focuses on a specific fact mentioned in the document, which is the cause of the cow's death. | Image of a cow lying dead in a field | This query references the visual element in the document, which is the image of a cow lying dead in a field. | true | <img>Illustration of a cow with a strange light shining on it.</img>
disappeared in the horizon. No sound was heard.
SUFOI is currently examining the photos. They appear to be genuine, and until now no explanation has been found to the sighting.
**Mystery of a dead cow - was a UFO Involved?**
On wednesday morning, november 4th, 1992, at 1:30 p.m. there came a call on the phone:
"I have seen a strange light, probably a UFO. It was yesterday, november 3rd, 1992, at 4.30 a.m. I live on a farm near Rude Strand. I was asleep, but was awakened by a strange light. I cannot tell you what it sounded like, but it sounded alarming. Shortly afterwards I could hear one of my calves roar down in the field.
I got up and looked through the window which faces north. There I could see over my stables a very strong light. Almost like a sheet of light, which covered about a area of 100 - 200 square metres. The building, as well as some trees were lit. I watched it for about half an hour. I was further happened and as I was very tired, I went to bed again.
The next morning at about 8.30 a.m. I went down to the field and saw that one of my cows lying dead in the field. It had been bleeding from mouth and nose and had scratched the ground. My first thought was that it was loss of a cow, but suddenly I realized that the cow was lying precisely in that place where I had seen the strange light.
During the day I thought about this and had the dead cow taken away. They fetched it here this morning. But I have not been able to find out anything about UFOs and that I once had heard about SUFOI (Scandinavian UFO Information). Well, I know this sounds a little strange, but that is what I thought. Is this of interest for SUFOI?
This was an interesting report and some questions arise. Firstly, mainly what about the cow? Could it be still possible to have a p.m. done on it? This was the only immediate trail to follow. The observer, who remains anonymous thought that it was probably too late since it had been fetched and brought to an institution for destruction. But our main interest was the light seen on the observer, who was also interested in getting an explanation, both on the light and the reason for the cow's death.
Post Mortem
Half an hour passed after the first telephone conversation, when S phoned again. "Now I have found out where the cow is!" he told me proudly. He went on: "I phoned the firm and found out that they had fetched the cow and got their car telephone number. I rang that number and told the driver about the matter. He was willing to identify the cow and tied a rope round its neck. I phoned the p.m. He easily identified the cow from my description. It had broken a horn. So now it will be sent for a p.m."
Unfortunately a few days passed before a veterinary examined the cow, not particularly co-operative or ready to speak about it.
The p.m. report was very short. It stated:
- Cow, red flecked, 3½ years old
- Reported by telephone - cow lay in the field, dead.
- P.M. findings: A weak heart was found.
- Left horn was broken off.
- A urine test showed lack of magnesium.
Death reason: lack of magnesium
According to the veterinary examinations the cow then died of lack of magnesium - a natural reason of death for cows at that time of year, thanks to dampness and cold.
The farmer informed us that his cows have received magnesium for the last five years and that the particular cow had nothing wrong with her. The cow was then broken right after the p.m.
SUFOI then talked to Lars Thomas, who is known from TV and articles in UFO-net. He informed us that cows are very sensitive to magnesium, that the ground or grass is too sour. This can develop into hidden sickness, which is present in that the cow cannot take in the magnesium. It is a rare thing (e.g. magnesium). In this case it only helps to move the animals if serious consequences are to be avoided.
There are several other unanswered questions which we will never get an answer to, but we can state that the light seen in the field was a light phenomenon, which SUFOI so far has not been able to explain.
SUFOI has spoken to several neighbours, but no-one has seen or heard anything that night at about 4.30 a.m. We have no other observations from others for the latter part of the night. From the 3rd day around November 3rd, five others observations in the area. Some of them have not been explained.
SUFOI does not think there is any basis/proof for a connection between the cow's death and the strange light. But we have not been able to give an explanation for the light, the farmer saw.
<page_number>12</page_number> | |
[
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] | UFOlogy and the Information Technology of the 90s Italian Case | This query targets the main topic of the document, which is the intersection of UFOlogy and information technology in the 1990s, specifically focusing on the Italian case. | Maurizio Verga | This query focuses on the author of the document, Maurizio Verga, which is a specific detail that can help in identifying the document. | UFOlogy and the Information Technology of the 90s The Italian Case | This query uses the title of the document as a visual element, which can be used to search for the document in a visual search engine or a database that indexes documents by their titles. | true | Ufology and the Information Technology of the '90s
The Italian Case
(including a short overview about the photographic evidence)
Maurizio Verga
The early American UFO buffs of the late '40s thought to have collected an outstanding amount of documentation. They had a bunch of newsclippings in their own hands. They could have hardly imagined the huge quantity of material about their beloved topic available in the world today after nearly fifty years.
"Available" is not a correct word, as no present single researcher or private association has enough money and facilities to get and store a complete or really comprehensive selection of the following: books, magazines, newsclippings, reports and whatever else published about the UFO argument. Even worse, the documentation managed by each single researcher is often difficult and costly to arrange an exchange of material with somebody else. Information transfer by using traditional means of communication and paper has become a problem since a lot of time: the situation will become more and more difficult in the near future, producing a huge bottleneck in the development of new well-documented research works.
A commonplace example: let's think to an American researcher having a catalogue of close encounter cases and sending it to a colleague under the form of a collection of text documents and images. First of all, a lot of time and money is required to send all that stuff in a not too good quality. Then, more time and money is requested to prepare a parcel and mail it. The material will arrive at destination after a long time, and the hands of the researcher there are other problems. The way to manage all that amount of information will be very expensive and very time-consuming actually, all operations aimed at extracting only some information on the ground of search requests or alternative use of the material will be very expensive by the paper nature of information. Such a situation is one of the causes of the low number of real well-documented research works carried out within the UFO movement.
Information as Evidence
Just as in all the other knowledge fields, information is the basic element. Six years ago, speaking at
Maurizio Verga was born in 1963. He is currently a computer consultant in the field of textile Computer Aided Design. He has a good knowledge in computer graphics-related topics.
His activity in ufology started around 1970, soon producing an outstanding quantity of studies, papers and articles, several of them published previously in the Italian and Spanish UFO magazines. In 1985 he co-founded with other leading Italian ulogists the Centro Italiano Studi Ufologici (CIStU), a research association. Besides lecturing, he is also requested for interviews on newspapers and TV channels. National and international UFO research movement with investigation of local UFO cases, including some CE 3.
He is the author of some huge catalogues of Italian cases: ITACAT (close encounter cases), TRACAT (photo cases) and PHOTOCAT (photo cases). The first two were published by the Centro Italiano Studi Ufologici. Since 1985 he has been very much interested in computer graphics. In 1986 the very first European UFO Bulletin Board System, Editor of "The Computer UFO Newsletter", he is currently one of the main contributors to the processing of UFO information. He has collected a huge amount of files about the matter and written a very useful software, called "UFO 1986", to manage it. A CD-ROM including a remarkable quantity of images, lists and other UFO-related stuff is expected to be released in late 1996/early 1997.
Verga has been a contributing author to the following anthologies:
UFO 1947-1987 (edited by H. Evans & J. Spencer)
Piranomia (edited by J. Spencer)
Ufoni: vere une antropologie d'un mythe contemporan (edited by T. Pinvidic).
Maurizio Verga may be contacted at:
via Matteotti 88, 28072 Cernate (CO), ITALY
Maurizio_Verga@msn.com
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<img>Image of a document with text and images, including a photograph of a person in a helmet and a drawing of a UFO.</img>
<img>Image of a document with text and images, including a photograph of a person in a helmet and a drawing of a UFO.</img>
<img>Image of a document with text and images, including a photograph of a person in a helmet and a drawing of a UFO.</img>
<img>Image of a document with text and images, including a photograph of a person in a helmet and a drawing of a UFO.</img>
<img>Image of a document with text and images, including a photograph of a person in a helmet and a drawing of a UFO.</img>
<img>Image of a document with text and images, including a photograph of a person in a helmet and a drawing of a UFO.</img>
<img>Image of a document with text and images, including a photograph of a person in a helmet and a drawing of a UFO.</img>
<img>Image of a document with text and images, including a photograph of a person in a helmet and a drawing of a UFO.</img>
<img>Image of a document with text and images, including a photograph of a person in a helmet and a drawing of a UFO.</img>
<img>Image of a document with text and images, including a photograph of a person in a helmet and a drawing of a UFO.</img>
<img>Image of a document with text and images, including a photograph of a person in a helmet and a drawing of a UFO.</img>
<img>Image of a document with text and images, including a photograph of a person in a helmet and a drawing of a UFO.</img>
<img>Image of a document with text and images, including a photograph of a person in a helmet and a drawing of a UFO.</img>
<img>Image of a document with text and images, including a photograph of a person in a helmet and a drawing of a UFO.</img>
<img>Image of a document with text and images, including a photograph of a person in a helmet and a drawing of a UFO.</img>
<img>Image of a document with text and images, including a photograph of a person in a helmet and a drawing of a UFO.</img>
<img>Image of a document with text and images, including a photograph of a person in a helmet and a drawing of a UFO.</img>
<img>Image of a document with text and images, including a photograph of a person in a helmet and a drawing of a UFO.</img>
<img>Image of a document with text and images, including a photograph of a person in a helmet and a drawing of a UFO.</img>
<img>Image of a document with text and images, including a photograph of a person in a helmet and a drawing of a UFO.</img>
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<img>Image of a document with text and images, including a photograph of a person in a helmet and a drawing of a UFO.</img>
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<img>Image of a document with text and images, including a photograph of a person in a helmet and a drawing of a UFO.</img>
<img>Image of a document with text and images, including a | |
[
"{\n \"broad_topical_query\": \"UFO research and information quality\",\n \"broad_topical_explanation\": \"This query would be effective because it covers the main subject of the document, which is the discussion about the quality of information in UFO research.\",\n \"specific_detail_query\": \"The historical presence of UFOs\",\n \"specific_detail_explanation\": \"This query would be effective because it focuses on a specific point made in the document, which is the historical evidence of UFOs.\",\n \"visual_element_query\": \"Page 14\",\n \"visual_element_explanation\": \"This query would be effective because it references the page number, which is a unique identifier for this document page.\"\n}"
] | UFO research and information quality | This query would be effective because it covers the main subject of the document, which is the discussion about the quality of information in UFO research. | The historical presence of UFOs | This query would be effective because it focuses on a specific point made in the document, which is the historical evidence of UFOs. | Page 14 | This query would be effective because it references the page number, which is a unique identifier for this document page. | true | the 1989 BUFORA Congress, I discussed the problem of information quality taking the Italian UFO sightings (essentially the contact encounters) as a landmark. The conclusion stated that the available sources about most sightings had (and regularly have) very low quality: fortunately, the situation is getting better, even though quite slowly. This is one of the main reasons making the scientific style approach to the UFO question and keeping professional scientists away from dealing with the subject.
Despite the low quality, we have to take the quantitative aspect of the UFO phenomenon into consideration as well. It definitely has a remarkable importance for historical, cultural, social and last but not least, bibliographic reasons. It is enough to think studies like those devoted to the press coverage about the UFO subject or the phenomenon of "flying saucers" and related "occupants" to realize immediately how important the availability and quick management of the information are, of any nature it could be.
As a remark of great importance one may state that available information about the phenomenon is not considered a real evidence of the phenomenon, likely the only one that cannot be questioned. "Information" means everything produced about sightings, the media coverage of their study, including the huge artistic and news production from the mass-media. If a historical presence, just having some information about the fact that one the UFOs had throughout the last fifty years, do exist, it is by itself the undeniable proof of the presence of a big phenomenon, at least at social level. The lack of information may deny the existence of a "UFO question", anyway appearing much more complex than a phenomenon produced by natural or psychologic causes. Something we still are not able to define has aroused, directly or indirectly, a huge quantity of controversial sightings of unusual aerial phenomena. As a consequence, further news and cultural influence. We face a situation where current information give birth to new information, creating a cycle of a selffeeding process. Someday could wonder information (here meant as cultural background) were directly responsible for new sightings or only the end of the phenomenon: the answers is one of the main questions of UFO research and unfortunately it seems still quite far from being found.
The historical presence of UFOs in our society is immediately evident through the information being spread from various different sources: press, literature, movies, television, art, the same UFO buffs. Often it is an indirect information (for example, that coming from science fiction) that has played a great role in the deep diffusion of the UFO concept among people.
Beyond any discussion and controversy about the true value to give special evidences like alleged photographs and ground traces, the real proof in the hands of UFO researchers is the information present in our society and, especially, in the information collected by the same researchers. Apart from its own quality, it is the real basic step for any analysis of the whole question.
One of the major tasks of UFO groups and researchers is the collection and preservation of such huge quantity of material, which has reached a critical mass so that its management and use become a real problem of time. Tens if not hundreds of kilos of paper are buried and forgotten in any archive of groups or single researchers, everywhere in the world: only in a few cases such material have been methodically classified by hand in order to allow an easier search. Yet even in such a case the possibilities to find the material and the answers are quite limited, subjected to several mistakes and requesting a lot of time that could be used in other more profitable ways. Maybe a paperbag full of information is dangerous not to be underestimated: it is vulnerable to the aging and other factors and the risk to have it lost is higher than one might think. The overwhelming example is the tens of thousands of newsclippings collected by each national organisation as a basic starting point for a countrywide study. The files of the UFO phenomenon are currently filed in traditional folders and cabinets, yet they have no practical possibility to be used. This just shows the need to extract all the 1950 cases involving daylight discs where the word "flying saucer" is reported. On the contrary, computer technology could allow us to store and manage the information quality and associate to each of them a given quantity of reference data: then, nearly in real time, it would be possible to find all the newsclippings and to make matches matching our searching criteria.
The present situation may be illustrated as follows: we have a remarkable quantity of information which cannot be exploited at their best and means the eventual main problem is not the presence of documentation, yet its management and common availability. As a result, ufologists have become mainly the users of the data to study the phenomenon. Being a collector is an extremely interesting hobby, yet I suppose real UFO researchers would like to do something different from
<page_number>14</page_number> | |
[
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It is clear by everybody it is no longer possible to work properly and efficiently on the classification and delivery of UFO information. We face the same situation when dealing with material taken from the archives of the past and possibly still existing for our research. Also in such a case, the quantity of information is so huge that advanced browsing and search tools are really necessary.
Starting around the mid '80s, the personal computer has become more and more popular in the consumer market, and at that time, there have been the early ufologists attempts to use such a new device to carry out an in-house management of available information. Unfortunately, the establishment of international UFO sighting databases on mainframe computers (available part-time only) was the cause of the reasons of that had been the specific difficulties associated with the circulation of information inside the UFO movement. The situation has now changed so much that it is possible to estimate over one quarter of researchers having a personal computer and likely being able to contribute to the electronic archiving and management of UFO-related documents.
Some groups and individuals promoted interesting projects about catalogues of national or international sightings (for *example*: SVECAT which includes about 12,000 Scandinavian cases collected by the Swedish group AFU, MEXCAT and the DORCA group, the group editing the mexican magazine "Perspectivas Ufologicas", the nice international database of over 10,000 UFO sightings collected by Larry Hatch Software in America, etc ...) or devoted to special cases (such as the important "Project Becassine" run by the French researchers Dauys Bresyay, who has collected thousands of close encounters of the third kind events all around the world).
Even being quite rare, such projects are clear examples of how it is possible to manage reference data of UFO sightings and quickly put them at disposal of other researchers. Despite the fact these are comparatively small amount of data, their contribution to the management and quick retrieving of information evidence is not negligible.
Unfortunately, well planned and organized projects for archiving and organizing the information are still very few. The reasons of such a situation may be mainly found in both a limited availability of software tools and a lack of ideas about what one could actually do. More, because of the amateurish feature of the UFO movement, all the data are scattered, not easily accessible, hardly coordinated and coordinable. Once again, the limit of having easily and quickly available information is still there, and it is decreasing the value of such works: now, they actually offer a complete review and analysis of the related UFO sightings and reports really known. For this reason, it is hard to say anything about EM effects associated to UFO phenomena and you realize at once the cases taken into consideration are old, poor referenced or even mostly coming from a single country.
A personal computer with suitable components and well-organized working space is the perfect information in standard format. The concept of "standard" is extremely important: it may made available what has been produced by a single researcher, by the UFO community, efficiently solving the communication problem. So it is necessary to follow a few simple rules when collecting data or cataloging or electronically archiving a given quantity of information. The priority goal is the easy availability of such data, and the second goal is that in the future, as present standards will be such throughout the next years as well. Such rules are really generic, because they want to be only a guideline, and not a prescription to everybody interested in using the computer for UFO-related works. Last but not least, using these standards allows researchers to get rid easily of the times. In such a way a very first basic result would be achieved: the systematic collection and prompt availability of the information evidence.
More advanced applications are nowadays technically possible, but beyond current resources of most UFO groups and buffs. An example is the use of a "virtual reality" to simulate the dynamic of a sighting and carry out a series of controls on the witness tale or the transformation of the witness into a 3D model. Even though I and few other Italian researchers have been experimenting something in such fields, we must be patient: the future will offer us several surprises.
Computer and UFO Research
Possible applications of computer technologies to ufology are several, yet those we may actually consider realistic for the present situation of the UFO movement are the digital information production and management of existing printed documents. Fulfillment of such a goal would soon deliver the availability of a huge amount of information, of great use for anybody going to carry out research works, including sophisticated statistical surveys that could be developed in very short time.
<img>UFO Opera Multimediale di Ufologia</img>
An outstanding work, a real "must" for any serious ufologist and all UFO buffs willing to have a complete view about the UFO evidence
*UFO* is a huge collection of graphics and files (articles, text documents, images, music, etc.) offering a full view about the whole UFO topic: nearly 2,000 images make it an incredible visual gallery of alleged UFO pictures, UFO-related documents, UFO-related music, etc. The collection is constantly growing and will be updated on a regular basis. For the very first time - a summarized but complete documentation about all the most important Italian UFO phenomena.
ITACAT | |
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] | UFO research and communication systems | This query covers the main subject of the document, which discusses the challenges and advancements in UFO research and the role of communication systems. | The very first BBSs devoted to UFOlogy were born around the mid 80s in the United States | This query focuses on a specific detail mentioned in the document, which is the history of the first Bulletin Board Systems (BBS) related to UFOlogy. | The very first BBSs completely devoted to UFOlogy were born around the mid 80s in the United States | This query references the visual element in the document, which is the text discussing the history of the first BBSs related to UFOlogy. | true | <img>INFORMATION, KEY OF UFOLOGISTS' WORK</img>
* Available information about UFOs are too much.
* Their quality is generally low or even very low.
* Anyway, it is necessary to deal with them, also for studies where information reliability is not basic.
* Paper-based documents are becoming more and more difficult (and costly) to manage.
Problems concerning the data transfer between two different computers (PC and Mac, for example).
These formats refer to standards in data storage rather than in data structure. Their use will definitely deliver great benefits to UFO research in the near future. Anyhow, there are some other problems related to the data typology to be discussed and which suggestions of solution should be spread among ufologists. An example unfortunately, there are "recommendations" for the definition of a minimum set of data to be used for the analysis of the sighting cases. A possible suggestion would be that one reported in the next slide. Making it known to people involved in UFO research it could be possible to start a discussion and to achieve a set of "recommendations" to be used as guidelines for all people using the computer for their works.
The most direct result would be an important improvement among the data included in the sighting catalogues (today they are often complete, incompatible) and the possibility to use the data in international catalogues on which to carry out first level statistical analyses.
Ufology goes Online
Among the most interesting tools devoted to the spreading of information among ufologists and UFO buffs there are the BBSs and the Internet. A Bulletin Board System usually is an amateurish system allowing the exchange of electronic mail messages, including uploading of text files or software through the normal phone cables. The system is really fast and cheap, so that an Australian ufologist may let his British colleagues known about a local sighting, or even make a simple phone call, even sending a complete report of the sighting. The service is generally free and it already allows you to be updated on the international scene, thanks to a network of ufologists based in different countries.
The very first BBSs completely devoted to ufology were born around the mid 80s in the United States, yet in 1986 an experimental BBS was launched in the United Kingdom. Simple on-line service have limited resources, but they contributed to make available to everybody a large amount of information. Unfortunately, the quality of such information has never been really good because of the quite low number of serious researchers owning a BBS connection. In 1995 the largest UFO BBS are two and both based in the United States: MUFONET and PARANET. They are connected to a large number of satellite systems located in different states of the USA and in other countries, including several in Europe. Both BBSs are very rich sources of information about various topics, such as recent sightings, articles, news of topicality, discussions, UFO publications, etc. (but not phone calls). They may be considered a real mine of documents of any kind and a great communication tool, still used only in part; anyway, it is likely it will become more and more important for the UFO movement in a not too distant future.
Also commercial on-line services like Compuserve and America On-Line have special forums open to all subscribers. They offer information about topics related to UFOs and UFO research. Text files and images are often available by downloading: among them you can find the electronic version of UFO newsletters like "The Swamp Gas Journal" and "The Desert Rat". The moderators of such forums are UFO buffs or researchers, and they receive a high traffic of questions and answers, as frequent or occasional visitors of these forums may be counted in terms of thousands, a new even bigger on-line network is the so-called "The Microsoft Network" and it is expected to have hundreds of thousands if not millions of users in a few years. There is also the "Alien Encounters Forum" where, besides a mailing list, it is possible to receive nice multimedia presentations of special UFO topics, plus text and image files.
It is clear that communication and information diffusion will continue and move from huge on-line services accessible by computer to millions of people all over the world. They can be an outstanding tool of divulgation for the whole of ufology. Besides offering serious documents and information to people to the real aspects of the UFO question, they can be really helpful in collecting first-hand reports or information of new sightings.
Anyway, the real communication system phenomenon is the even too large number of people owning a huge network of computer networks able to offer an incredible quantity of information covering practically any kind of human activity. The best example is the subscription to a service provider one can connect immediately such an outstanding resource of knowledge, information, mailing lists and forums of discussions, among users spread in different continents or databases including data, text documents and images, is possible via the Internet. Most of the information are now available in a very simple and intuitive way, through the so-called World Wide Web (WWW) sites: it is possible to use a computer mouse and follow the directions you see on your monitor, then you'll be able to look up or
<page_number>16</page_number> | |
[
"{\n \"broad_topical_query\": \"UFO research and study in Italy\",\n \"broad_topical_explanation\": \"This query would be effective because it covers the main subject of the document, which is UFO research and study in Italy.\",\n \"specific_detail_query\": \"FTP sites for file downloading\",\n \"specific_detail_explanation\": \"This query would be effective because it focuses on a specific detail mentioned in the document, which is the availability of FTP sites for downloading UFO-related information.\",\n \"visual_element_query\": \"UFO buffs and the Internet\",\n \"visual_element_explanation\": \"This query would be effective because it references a visual element in the document, which is the slide showing UFO buffs and the Internet.\"\n}"
] | UFO research and study in Italy | This query would be effective because it covers the main subject of the document, which is UFO research and study in Italy. | FTP sites for file downloading | This query would be effective because it focuses on a specific detail mentioned in the document, which is the availability of FTP sites for downloading UFO-related information. | UFO buffs and the Internet | This query would be effective because it references a visual element in the document, which is the slide showing UFO buffs and the Internet. | true | <img>ITACAT logo</img>
**ITACAT**
**Available as CISU**
**Monograph (complete catalogue with case summaries, related comments and pictures)**
**Multimedia database**
including data
and links to
pictures (selectives, newsclippings, photos, etc...) for each case
**Multifiles also available**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a magazine cover with the text "UFOs" and "The Voice of the People" in the top left corner.</img>
**UFOs The Voice of the People**
<img>Image of a | |
[
"{\n \"broad_topical_query\": \"Italian UFO studies and research\",\n \"broad_topical_explanation\": \"This query would be effective because it covers the main subject of the document, which is the Italian Center for UFO Studies and their research activities.\",\n \"specific_detail_query\": \"Italian Center for UFO Studies database\",\n \"specific_detail_explanation\": \"This query would be effective because it focuses on a specific detail mentioned in the document, which is the database of UFO sightings and research.\",\n \"visual_element_query\": \"Database and ASCII formats\",\n \"visual_element_explanation\": \"This query would be effective because it references the visual element of the document, which is the diagram showing the database and ASCII formats.\"\n}"
] | Italian UFO studies and research | This query would be effective because it covers the main subject of the document, which is the Italian Center for UFO Studies and their research activities. | Italian Center for UFO Studies database | This query would be effective because it focuses on a specific detail mentioned in the document, which is the database of UFO sightings and research. | Database and ASCII formats | This query would be effective because it references the visual element of the document, which is the diagram showing the database and ASCII formats. | true | quantity and quality of finished and in-progress Italian projects. It is even a bigger surprise to know most projects are currently carried out by computers and Italian ufologists have been pioneers, together with their American colleagues, in the massive use of the personal computer to run their activities.
Between 1984 and 1985 the very first database programs have been developed on the small Commodore 64 home computer to store and manage generic Italian sightings and special cases. The rapid spread to the popularity of such a machine, several UFO buffs contributed locally to the collection of all known Italian UFO sightings, soon made available a sample of over 10,000 events ranging between 1900 and 1990. Still around the mid '80s there have been the early experiments with software devoted to the collection and analysis of text and graphics about UFOs, ufology, classic sightings and results of UFO research, successfully presented at international conferences and shows. In 1986 the very first European BBS completely devoted to UFOs was established and run by myself for more than two years and then closed down for various issues. A new BBS, named "U-Link", was established in 1989 in Rome and it is still active. Between 1988 and 1992 about eight issues of a bulletin completely devoted to the computer applications to UFO research, "The Computer UFO Newsletter", have been published as an early experiment in the area and a somewhat subject, completely unknown to most UFO buffs. Circulation was quite limited and the reaction from the UFO movement was quite cool, likely because ahead of the times.
The use of computers is now normal in the activity of most Italian ufologists, so much that three quarters of the literature currently produced by the Italian Center for UFO Studies is available as files for MS-DOS personal computers or Macs. A large percentage of exchanges of mail, articles, papers, images, letters, etc. ... takes place by floppy disks, saving money, time and adding a higher flexibility in the management of such information.
Among the works and research projects based on computer facilities, some of which are worth to be mentioned as an example of Italian ufologists activities. Most of these projects have been carried out on behalf of the Italian Center for UFO Studies, in order to evaluate and register quantity and quality of produced information and services. Besides promoting the scientific study of the UFO phenomenon, CIUS aims at the development/support of research activities, fields where computer facilities may deliver an outstanding help.
ITACAT and TRACAT
A project for the collection of Italian close encounter cases was started in 1977, in order to have a comprehensive well-organized catalogue of all the events of such a kind, to be processed on computers and since then it has been managed on a database. The Italian Center for UFO Studies published a first 260-page version of the commented catalogue in 1989 and a new revised illustrated version is scheduled for late 1995.
This huge work offers a collection of 1,000 cases of close encounters taking place in Italy between 1912 and 1956. Each case is stored in a database program with its basic data, plus up to nine images related to newsclippings, UFO reports, etc. and, of course, as well as the full abstract of the event. The researcher having access to the database may display all of these cases and the abstracts, and he/she may perform any kind of query on the available data. For example, to find all cases happened during the 1978 wave, in December, in Sicily and in the Marche departments is only a matter of one or two seconds.
TRACAT is the Italian Catalogue of ground trace cases: started in 1982, it has been published in several different editions, the last one by the Italian Center for UFO Studies, including pictures of traces and the abstracts of the events. The catalogue has now more than 240 entries and it is fully managed on a computer database like the ITACAT one, with photos and sketches when available.
ITACAT and TRACAT
Basic data coming from both ITACAT and TRACAT have been used to produce and some preliminary statistical graphs. More extensive statistics on a selected range of solid cases will be carried out in the future through sophisticated computer programs.
PHOTOCAT and the Question of Photographic Evidence
PHOTOCAT is the Italian Catalogue of cases with photo or video evidence. Before describing the work behind such a catalogue it is more convenient to produce shortly the question of photo evidence.
Thousands of pictures of alleged UFO phenomena have been offered to the general public and UFO buffs as a proof of the physical reality of what has been called "flying saucers" for a long time. Photographs emerged in the same days of the UFO event in the United States of July 1947, producing a lot of debate at once. Faking a picture, especially in a situation where mobs of people are present, is not easy, oddly mean more mystery, has been a quite simple art. It was a good way to
<img>TEXT ASCII-MS Word</img>
<img>Standard Formats</img>
<img>DATABASE dBase ASCII Delimited</img>
<img>IMAGES TIFF - TGA - JPEG</img> | |
[
"{\n \"broad_topical_query\": \"UFO research and photographic evidence\",\n \"broad_topical_explanation\": \"This query would be effective because it covers the main subject of the document, which is the research and analysis of UFOs and their photographic evidence.\",\n \"specific_detail_query\": \"75-80% of UFO images\",\n \"specific_detail_explanation\": \"This query would be effective because it refers to a specific statistic mentioned in the document, which is likely to be a unique identifier for the document.\",\n \"visual_element_query\": \"UFO photographs\",\n \"visual_element_explanation\": \"This query would be effective because the document contains numerous references to UFO photographs, making it likely that a search for this visual element would retrieve the document.\"\n}"
] | UFO research and photographic evidence | This query would be effective because it covers the main subject of the document, which is the research and analysis of UFOs and their photographic evidence. | 75-80% of UFO images | This query would be effective because it refers to a specific statistic mentioned in the document, which is likely to be a unique identifier for the document. | UFO photographs | This query would be effective because the document contains numerous references to UFO photographs, making it likely that a search for this visual element would retrieve the document. | true | foul friends or journalists, as well as an interesting business for those "skilled" guys who have been hoaxed UFO pictures to newspapers or magazines or gullible guys eager to see a "real spaceship".
Most UFO researchers consider photographic evidence nothing but a very suspicious aspect of UFO related stories, something that is not only the deeply rooted myth associated to them. Pictures are too easy to be faked to be considered a valuable "proof". All of us have experienced terrible hoaxes, and some pictures have been declared "genuine" and "really portraing a puzzling unknown object" and later found more or less complex fakes. Some people have tried to defend clearly faked pictures just in order to have something concrete in their hands able to demonstrate the existence of real "flying saucers", so to show that they were not nuts. This attitude has been common throughout the whole history of the UFO movement (suffice to think to the high profile of the "UFO saga"), involving also other individuals. The famous Italian case of Mr. Giampiero Monguzzi (a man willing to become a journalist) who presented a series of pictures showing a portraing a classic domed saucer landed on a mountain landscape, with a strange astronautic figure inside, is a clear example. The photographer confessed the hoax to a magazine, also showing the original models, yet somebody argued he had been forced to deny the reality of his encounter with an "alien spacecraft".
Many contacts, since the pioneer G.Adamski, showed several photos as "proof" of their personal experience with outer space beings: visual evidence has always been one of the most convincing easy-to-be-made tools to make people believe about reality and their contacts. Unfortunately, nearly all of the pictures supplied by these folkloristic people have turned into hoaxes or look highly suspicious. Many journalists have been responsible for photographic tricks produced in order to get publicity, sell the photos or get a "serious" exposure in newspapers or magazines circulation.
As far as I know no project devoted to a comprehensive collection of photographic evidence cases has never been implemented on a national scale. Something seems to have changed during the very last two years, but no real work has been produced yet with the honorable exception of a Mexican project headed by the staff of the magazine "Perspectivas Ufologicas". It is highly recommended to national UFO researchers to start a well-organized project aimed at the comprehensive collection of the valuable video-photographic evidence of their own country, possibly making use of the "PHOTOCAT" methodology. International catalogues1 or the evidence photographic published in 1978 by two Italian researchers devoted to UFO pictures and South and North American cases, have been produced in the past yet these works are not considered complete and, anyway, never updated. Several thousands of pictures should be available all around the world. Archiving of such evidence would be very interesting for two reasons at least:
* a visual collection of directly UFO-related imagery
* an in-depth analysis of the features of such documents, the motifs present in them and the reciprocal influence with the UFO myth.
In 1991 I started a new project within the Italian Center for UFO Studies fully devoted to the collection of all Italian photo and video documents portraing alleged unusual aerial phenomena. All available material was randomly distributed among various Italian universities, newspapers and often still in the hands of the witnesses themselves. Besides collecting such a material, a very interesting phenomenon such a mass of documents emerged. Main goal of the project was and still is the establishment of a comprehensive catalogue of photos and video indices including their reference data: this is a very first step of a more ambitious work about an in-depth survey of collected evidence under different viewpoints (image patterns, etc.).
<watermark>Delar J.B., Cox & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 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& & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & | |
[
"{\n \"broad_topical_query\": \"British UFO Research Association\",\n \"broad_topical_explanation\": \"This query is effective because it covers the main subject of the document, which is the British UFO Research Association and its activities.\",\n \"specific_detail_query\": \"Major Sir Patrick Wall MC VRD RM (rtd)\",\n \"specific_detail_explanation\": \"This query is effective because it focuses on a specific detail mentioned in the document, which is the title of the President.\",\n \"visual_element_query\": \"UFOCALL 0891 12 18 86\",\n \"visual_element_explanation\": \"This query is effective because it references the visual element of the document, which is the advertisement for the UFOCALL hotline.\"\n}"
] | British UFO Research Association | This query is effective because it covers the main subject of the document, which is the British UFO Research Association and its activities. | Major Sir Patrick Wall MC VRD RM (rtd) | This query is effective because it focuses on a specific detail mentioned in the document, which is the title of the President. | UFOCALL 0891 12 18 86 | This query is effective because it references the visual element of the document, which is the advertisement for the UFOCALL hotline. | true | The British UFO Research Association was founded in 1962 and currently has 1000 members in the UK and abroad. The investigation team comprises of over 120 field investigators. The aims of the Association are to investigate, promote and conduct unbiased scientific research of UFO phenomenon throughout the UK.
2. To collect and disseminate evidence and data relating to UFOs and investigate UFO research throughout the UK and co-operate with others engaged in such research throughout the world.
Membership to the Association is open to all who support the above aims.
Contacts
BUFORA Central Office
1 Woodhall Drive, Batley, West Yorkshire, WF17 7SW tel: 01923 444049
Investigations
Philip Mantle (address/nil no as above)
Research
Steve Gamble (address/nil no as above)
Email: bufora@stalway.co.uk
Publications
Mike Wootton (address as above)
tel: 01322 732473
Email: mike.wootton@pandorabox.org.uk
Inter-Group Liaison
Philip Walton
22 West Street, Bromley, Kent, BR1 1RF
Mobile: 0956 569101
Newscliping Archive
Michael Hudson
71 Knight Avenue, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 8PR
President Major Sir Patrick Wall MC VRD RM (rtd)
Vice President Lionel E. Beer
Founder President G.F.N. Knewstub CEng FBIS
Chairman John Spencer
Hon Secretary Arnold West
Treasurer Simon Rose
Council Manfred Cassirer
Robert Digby
Gloria Dixon
Paul Doran
Steve Gamble
Philip Mantle
Sue Mantle
Philip Walton
Mike Wootton
Jim Danby
Membership Secretary
<img>bufora logo</img>
In the dark about the latest in Ufology?
Don't be, dial
UFOCALL
0891 12 18 86
Calls cost 39p per minute cheap rate and 49p per minute at all other times.
<page_number>2</page_number> | |
[
"{\n \"broad_topical_query\": \"Document about UFOs and image analysis\",\n \"broad_topical_explanation\": \"This query is effective because it covers the main subject of the document, which is the analysis of UFOs and image enhancements.\",\n \"specific_detail_query\": \"Italian researchers and UFO image analysis\",\n \"specific_detail_explanation\": \"This query is effective because it focuses on the specific topic mentioned in the document, which is the involvement of Italian researchers in UFO image analysis.\",\n \"visual_element_query\": \"Document page with text and images\",\n \"visual_element_explanation\": \"This query is effective because it refers to the visual elements present in the document, such as text and images, which can be used to identify the document.\"\n}"
] | Document about UFOs and image analysis | This query is effective because it covers the main subject of the document, which is the analysis of UFOs and image enhancements. | Italian researchers and UFO image analysis | This query is effective because it focuses on the specific topic mentioned in the document, which is the involvement of Italian researchers in UFO image analysis. | Document page with text and images | This query is effective because it refers to the visual elements present in the document, such as text and images, which can be used to identify the document. | true | results from a computer-based image analysis would be really limited if not meaningless. It is not enough to carry out seemingly attractive image enhancements or filtering, supplying a different interpretation of the original picture able to wonder enthusiast people. Computer aided image processing must be coupled with rigorous interpretation of the results, otherwise the whole work could be practically valueless. I have personally experienced that computer technology may fail in finding the clues of a real event, such as a thread sustaining a UFO model, even when the thread was actually there! Several factors must be considered when examining a picture evidence and evaluation. The result must be cautious: the absence of a thread, a repeat, doesn't mean necessarily that the picture is not faked. A thorough investigation of a supposed photographic case takes a lot of time and money, also due to the many different information to be collected and evaluated. Anyway, talking into evidence, I would say that anybody interested in developing a cross-analysis about the best pictures?
I have already carried out a quite extensive survey about a two-photo set taken at Battipaglia (Sarreino, Southern Italy) on April 9, 1992 also producing a video, showing different steps of the analysis, together with related pictures and detailed comments. Results pointed out several doubts about the supposed UFO tale and the real features of the portraied object: final conclusions, also supported by independent analysis carried out by American researchers. Salino, refers to the possibility of a model shot next to the camera. This may be well defined the very first in-depth analysis of an alleged UFO sighting in Italy by local researchers. Two other colour pictures, reportedly taken in Sicily in January 1995 by two different
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