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Richard Wagner was born on May 22, 1813, the ninth child of Carl Friedrich Wagner, a clerk in the Leipzig police service, and Johanna Rosine Wagner. Wagner's father died of typhus six months after Richard's birth, by which time Wagner's mother was living with the actor and playwright Ludwig Geyer in the Brühl, at that ...	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	7	e917beff58efc060f3045086903d81f7946adbbadbb94d57de122f466a7b046c	1,573	368
Death	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	8	b50d3088e23e4565551bbf5c89cdeb6082048cd6db5e3d22a13d8b0a380e4296	5	1
The frequent allegation that Wagner had an affair with the singer Carrie Pringle, and that an argument about this with his wife Cosima precipitated his fatal heart attack, is discussed and dismissed as invention by the Wagner scholar Stewart Spencer, who demonstrates that there is no first-hand or documentary evidence ...	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	9	bbe8c67b21db4de635e5baaf3c93893a5757c7578a71868fc670b0d635cd0f05	335	61
Antisemitism	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	10	7026047ebfb2d184dee245a17517feb33942c9c5f2c5dc665ca937a66462d209	12	4
Prior to 1850 (when he was 37) there is no record of Wagner expressing any particular antisemitic sentiment. However, as he struggled to develop his career he began to resent the success of Jewish composers such as Felix Mendelssohn and Giacomo Meyerbeer. Meyerbeer later expressed hurt and bewilderment over Wagner's wr...	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	11	ad45328176a92ce5b25df01099355529b4a606fdc408a131e9c6c28627bde113	1,407	302
In the conclusion to the essay, he wrote of the Jews that 'only one thing can redeem you from the burden of your curse: the redemption of Ahasuerus — going under!' Although this has been taken by some commentators to mean actual physical annihilation, in the context of the essay it seems to refer only to the eradicatio...	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	12	634b369d32a8e83cc2e0750d280c8927145333437094324af3e741f526c265f9	1,032	215
The initial publication of the article attracted little attention, but Wagner wrote a self-justifying letter about it to Franz Liszt in 1851, claiming that his "long-suppressed resentment against this Jewish business" was "as necessary to me as gall is to the blood". Wagner republished the pamphlet under his own name i...	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	13	0c2e08cd971c7f26c1286feaed997bee71b8ca3e679da0b58ec6075b2823b41c	1,064	239
Some biographers, such as Theodor Adorno and Robert Gutman have advanced the claim that Wagner's opposition to Jews was not limited to his articles, and that the operas contained such messages. In particular the characters of Mime in the Ring, Klingsor in Parsifal and Sixtus Beckmesser in Die Meistersinger are supposed...	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	14	df47d2d5860d35dc9654e73ade3f2a3056fd43c839f284071fd89022ccb3dbb2	757	154
Other scholars dispute any antisemitic characterization in the operas. Katz opines that the antisemitism of Wagner should not be used as the key to interpret his arts, "In fact, without forced speculation, very little in the artistic work of Wagner can be related to his attitude toward Jews and Judaism." Milton E. Bre...	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	15	0a3da6d0a0ab343fad4c1b6addf23d01705a9e8f9ef0a50af941a41e137f86ad	890	199
Despite his published views on Jewishness, Wagner maintained Jewish friends and colleagues throughout his life. One of the most notable of these was Hermann Levi, a practising Jew and son of a rabbi, whose talent was freely acknowledged by Wagner. Levi's position as Kapellmeister at Munich meant that he was to conduct ...	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	16	17efe4d0af7bc68a357c034124385c4d297b64040ef2eb6ca7f7939a929e59ac	583	119
Racism	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	17	172239b02c56401bf1eb9919f6f9c7cc0dafc600cdb6cf587c8a326cb3ab61cf	6	2
Some biographers have asserted that Wagner in his final years came to believe in the Aryanist philosophy of Arthur de Gobineau. However the influence of Gobineau on Wagner's thought is debated. Wagner was first introduced to Gobineau in person in Rome in November 1876. The two did not cross paths again until 1880, well...	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	18	e081749a549a3b5e8ca163ad182fe0e038f173e5f5fe1026b26c9f2e0ac03f0d	886	195
Wagner's conversations with Gobineau during the philosopher's 5-week stay at Wahnfried in 1881 were punctuated with frequent arguments. Cosima Wagner's diary entry for June 3 recounts one exchange in which Wagner "positively exploded in favour of Christianity as compared to racial theory." Gobineau also believed that i...	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	19	493dce226c2c75bad1d9bcab2922ca681a2a8e4e3e48550e2316ac2f5f58b22e	382	82
Wagner subsequently wrote three essays in response to Gobineau's ideas: Introduction to a Work of Count Gobineau, Know Thyself, and Heroism and Christianity (all 1881). The Introduction is a short piece written for the Bayreuther Blätter in which Wagner praises the Count's book:	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	20	9b431a413f2b635f152a3728b5be27efd27f53b97fcb011e34eb32e721423afc	279	65
We asked Count Gobineau, returned from weary, knowledge-laden wanderings among far distant lands and peoples, what he thought of the present aspect of the world; to-day we give his answer to our readers. He, too, had peered into an Inner: he proved the blood in modern manhood's veins, and found it tainted past all heal...	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	21	6f9ef7937c91e3b4e60eb5eb49be5287c070c7199a632cccda7d87654cdfac91	324	73
In "Know Thyself" Wagner deals with the German people, who Gobineau believes are the "superior" Aryan race. Wagner, in fact, rejects the notion that the Germans are a race at all and further proposes that we should look past the notion of race to focus on the human qualities ("das Reinmenschliche") common to all of us....	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	22	785843822482e0abe53084b026f473971d2ff276f56f4a9b3e2fcee2271dbc4d	513	108
Incomparably fewer in individual numbers than the lower races, the ruin of the white races may be referred to their having been obliged to mix with them; whereby, as remarked already, they suffered more from the loss of their purity than the others could gain by the ennobling of their blood [...] To us Equality is only...	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	23	85719836570e26352e06a20e0c5062cd9324f9152b70390e815dbe16377c3a1b	435	88
Wagner's concerns over miscegenation occupied him until the very end of his life; he was in the process of writing another essay, On the Womanly in the Human Race (1883), at the time of his death, in which he discusses the role of marriage in the creation of races: "it is certain that the noblest white race is monogami...	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	24	69f91ea72413093c0184fb8d3636cd4a125e89d174e2dc2daee712ecbf9633f7	450	102
Wagner's son-in-law Houston Stewart Chamberlain expanded on Wagner and Gobineau's ideas in his 1899 book The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century, a racist work extolling the Aryan ideal that later strongly influenced Adolf Hitler's ideas on race.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	25	d1889fcd9046182d0101cd7d137e8a4606cdf65ab46fd89f386606391611ab59	248	55
Nazi appropriation	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	26	e5c9a0d7a7ea255029b47f2cddcab9b6f38f1513515d3b35ba68c5ba3ac9e867	18	2
About the time of Wagner's death, European nationalist movements were losing the Romantic, idealistic egalitarianism of 1848, and acquiring tints of militarism and aggression, due in no small part to Bismarck's takeover and unification of Germany in 1871. After Wagner's death in 1883, Bayreuth increasingly became a foc...	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	27	145f95809363ed7b7caa9a6eb73958388a4895e35008f51a6017f3eba24a3471	1,321	282
Many scholars have argued that Wagner's views, particularly his antisemitism and purported Aryan-Germanic racism, influenced the Nazis. These claims are disputed. Recent studies suggest that there is no evidence that Hitler even read any of Wagner's writings and further argue that Wagner's works do not inherently suppo...	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	28	6ba71699faa1a4983df1f643700cc6685458a584e098422721693e6bc4233b9f	717	152
The Nazi fascination with Wagner was largely inspired by Hitler, sometimes to the dismay of other high-ranking Nazi officials, including Joseph Goebbels. In 1933, for instance, Hitler ordered that each Nuremberg Rally open with a performance of the overture from Rienzi. He also issued one thousand free tickets for an a...	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	29	a9f587caccb27c5a5d22484d7257fdb911ae02d32dff9dd51be4b3ab97b46b6f	663	139
In general, while Wagner's music was often performed during the Third Reich, his popularity actually declined in Germany in favor of Italian composers such as Verdi and Puccini. By the 1938–39 season, Wagner had only one opera in the list of fifteen most popular operas of the season, with the list headed by Italian com...	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	30	ead1ee5d271a024559e8be8d6c34076a8e07660c1d51f921782bac19025253df	581	134
As part of the regime's propaganda intentions of 'Nazifying' German culture, specific attempts were made to appropriate Wagner's music as 'Nazi' and pseudo-academic articles appeared such as Paul Bülow's "Adolf Hitler and the Bayreuth Ideological Circle" (Zeitschrift für Musik, July 1933). Such articles were Nazi attem...	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	31	ed4958b386db36000e0dffa7358a4223149c4a6fda8e0d6d28a3a4f3c76687fd	401	88
There is evidence that music of Wagner was used at the Dachau concentration camp in 1933/34 to 'reeducate' political prisoners by exposure to 'national music'. However, there seems to be no documentation to support claims sometimes made that his music was played at Nazi death camps.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	32	12f7f9610b95c23bdef1152cb83bb17bdd7226e3b0fc09102dc8b76e6de48bf6	283	62
Wagner's music in Israel	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	33	5dbcd2b97507bc85e2327e4c21ed24f99a3508606ce9082823c02853ed74f095	24	6
Wagner's operas have never been staged in the modern State of Israel, and the few public instrumental performances that have occurred have provoked much controversy.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	34	744bee1c6dbad94223624f099388f3bde4662ba7978c4067e8b357ba966abcad	165	29
Despite Wagner's known writings against Jews, there was no opposition to his music in the early Zionist movement and its founders; Theodor Herzl, the founder of Zionism, was an avid admirer of Wagner's music. The Palestine Orchestra, founded in 1936 by Bronisław Huberman in what is now the state of Israel (and which be...	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	35	1740f17fc3ab2b987b836c184ad9c5fd6f37388a2e56cc1fc27f3d2947ad1b90	731	156
Although Wagner's works are broadcast on Israeli government-owned radio and television stations, attempts to stage public performances in Israel have raised protests, including protests from Holocaust survivors. In 1981 Zubin Mehta, as an encore at an orchestral concert in Tel-Aviv, played extracts from Tristan und Iso...	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	36	37e3c4aaecd778f09e236ecf685320c263066367b42505f1a13277c8d924f2f2	1,179	255
References	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	37	0c4b6385999071ce219be8d738682bd364b0804a1bc16aabb1f7ea4918cfb9b4	10	1
Citations	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	38	068dc732c0ab7120a38511ff117810afc7ba7282dae4213069d8e8cde5866f88	9	2
Sources	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	39	8a2fa22d4912cd3d9b62c09fc8aa05294bdcd395d826477b388523862bf16b50	7	1
Adorno, Theodor (2005). In Search of Wagner. Verso .	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	40	d54c75231ff2b66026215ae7870d0e75837582727db086489961be5d083c154a	52	18
Bruen, Hanan (1993). Wagner in Israel: A conflict among Aesthetic, Historical, Psychological and Social Considerations, Journal of Aesthetic Education, vol. 27 no. 1 (Spring 1993), pp. 99–103	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	41	6ec4d25b5d3818fde9db79e2947c0655af6ae39ffcfb9a4a3555c21452520bab	191	59
Deathridge, John (1984). The New Grove Wagner, London: Macmillan,	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	42	67f82f3549bc81ec181f65125621156510effc9d3b27da4a036be6e7a11ed131	65	19
Deathridge, John (2008). Wagner Beyond Good and Evil, Berkeley.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	43	0a469c2f17ec2a80a996213976ac540aa6030c23c2dd5db90261e483370d7da5	63	18
Evans, Richard J. (2004). The Coming of the Third Reich, London	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	44	bbe60e38f8ac6dcf3fc375fa9af8e5ba5f997d07957855f5227abab067f06442	63	19
Evans, Richard J. (2005). The Third Reich in Power, 1933-1939, The Penguin Press, .	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	45	a05498d725678e0cab76e607e93e12f6811cf7169431c12aa4ac66c87ec8d1a7	83	33
Gregor-Dellin, Martin (1983). Richard Wagner: his life, his work, his Century. William Collins,	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	46	ccc883ac9494b47eb6ccf504b47699d149c9e1a4e67638991e74357672458587	95	27
Gutman, Robert (1968, revised 1990). Richard Wagner : The Man, His Mind and His Music. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich (1990).	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	47	97141d16ed05d95dd50a8b159226351b42c012dd0472b3fc778ec1b4999c3131	121	40
John, Eckhardt (2004). La musique dans la système concentrationnaire nazi, in Le troisième Reich et la Musique, ed. Pascal Huynh, Paris	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	48	a1d63fddf5c632a6ab16a9534bab2a2eed32f4c4e569d5473e656e3012bb740b	135	36
Kershaw, Ian, (1998). Hitler 1889-1936: Hubris, London: Penguin.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	49	a91317c0369142410ece9e2bf8479dc1a8f07602624b8ddd525bc79a29cbe1e9	64	31
Magee, Bryan (2002). The Tristan Chord. New York: Owl Books. . (UK Title: Wagner and Philosophy, Publisher Penguin Books Ltd, ).	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	50	19dee39e928c2026ca7f60eab1f946386a877992cd5f77dd80d81dd15fe1736e	128	36
Millington, Barry (Ed.) (1992). The Wagner Compendium: A Guide to Wagner's Life and Music. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd. .	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	51	44e130e077cebb1138669bb8c66dfa3d66fb9930faec5d29f36cf48b5a0a854e	123	37
Rose, Paul Lawrence (1992). Wagner: Race and Revolution. Yale University Press. .	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	52	8243e6fde063cf66c461b6d3780cfa27ceb3d608c5dca049bdd73bb3636165dd	81	21
Sheffi, Na'ama, tr. M. Grenzeback and M. Talisman (2013). The Ring of Myths: The Israelis, Wagner and the Nazis. Eastbourne: Sussex Academic Press. .	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	53	a751958123b9794ca87118b8f8c409fe332912f0b1209f772bd55a454912df9d	149	45
Spencer, Stewart (2004). " "Er starb, - ein mensch wie alle": Wagner and Carrie Pringle", in Wagner vol. 25 no. 2.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	54	a7a857fe03c486fbd0b355c904421a251aa2d4ef5bb0d548d77bb9f298fcc5bc	114	38
Spotts, Frederick, (1999). Bayreuth: A History of the Wagner Festival. Yale University Press .	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	55	97b6b9641a44ea824daaffcd71edf081da21dc53423ad83f5a3fdc3ace7b25ed	94	26
Teachout, Terry (2009). "Why Israel Still Shuts Wagner Out," Wall Street Journal, W1, 31 January – 1 February 2009	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	56	097f87f8638e3eeb97691e65ea1cad9f32437e784ed9d81523d342c827d4db41	114	39
Wagner, Richard. Mein Leben. (My Life) vol 1 available online at Project Gutenberg https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/5197.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	57	b421b34f6f1ac1d073140f725b33cca8de67631a3b04caf9afca5a3b54417c3d	121	37
Wagner, Richard. Judaism in Music, on-line text	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	58	f69a480d74b817ca424f50a180869b0f47f0f411e58d9abb948b263bcd049863	47	12
Weiner, Marc A (1998). Richard Wagner and the Anti-Semitic Imagination, Lincoln and London.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	59	4e34e0001b5de7961bb6aeb9c1fe6651d96bbfa6df585af27df1c5ef670dd08f	91	24
External links	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	60	49373441d8ecee29baea958be0aa231bcddc9ec62cba33abae813353f46242af	14	2
The FAQ for newsgroup humanities.music.composers.wagner	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	61	1881497120da091cd5993a39f75c3e2ffe92b647ac2e9d5f78dbadf26d061da5	55	14
The Wagner Library	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	62	4f779d79b3ac06cbdf9c69c0a6678da8597daeeb45961850e36f5211014306cd	18	3
English translation of Wagner's article Judaism in Music	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	63	38c5134e2c6cbe9c9a594b87fdc5a750eb59115ec12645eedf96853288d9101d	56	10
Uzan, Elad (2012). "Wagner and Hitler: Active or passive influence?" (The Jerusalem Post Magazine)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	64	68906482e634b7abef05c4d360d741f7dadb5851f89704fe349141cba755ccdc	98	27
Antisemitism in Germany	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	65	0253f5952e78bceefe596410a8c135268a791cf14056765c0dd7ad09e1c660a5	23	6
Judaism-related controversies	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	66	d0d0609df65fd6a7142c584489ee8dc097c2af85a3dcdb1ee6337d8ff28b7308	29	6
Race-related controversies in opera	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	67	d3095042f449d3816044e20db0f5bc4fdbd65531523f4ca6d873f9664f93ae0a	35	6
Race-related controversies in music	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	68	b3452703cc7a530aaa3ca7f7f3d95b7887cf45dec1bf1a848ed344516a153ae9	35	6
Wagner studies	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies%20surrounding%20Richard%20Wagner	8263348	69	7777e52347145a5e2621bb3831ab6d74333990db6fe56d13de505d896305c7d3	14	2
Peter Zummo (born 1948) is an American composer and trombonist. He has been described as "an important exponent of the American contemporary classical tradition." Meanwhile, he has been quoted as describing his own work as "minimalism and a whole lot more."	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Zummo	8263351	1	2b120bd4413fc5ee6563a6dc65247483e3a7a58cc689608a9ae7e460b3098e7c	257	57
Since 1967, Zummo's compositions exploring the rock, jazz, new- and electronic-music, disco, punk, and world-music idioms have been presented in venues including the Brooklyn Academy of Music, New York City Center, Experimental Intermedia Foundation, Dance Theater Workshop, and La MaMa Experimental Theatre Club, among ...	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Zummo	8263351	2	2450dd8c150a46976bf9db4d654e1dee8e7b8d76d43e1998ebbb33e01a83bbe3	659	148
Composing and performing career	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Zummo	8263351	3	f0fd9a6f261d712a00eae5ab2c43675b4497b07846e804bf094d04ec795550a3	31	5
Writing in the British culture blog "The Ransom Note," Tim Wilson commented that some of Zummo's "most familiar" music was created with cellist Arthur Russell. Zummo played on most of Russell's recordings and produced several of them. Their collaborations in multiple musical styles included Russell's disco single, “Kis...	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Zummo	8263351	4	449af1204fee54a7351bf4d989d8a037697c8500aa7c1c139c7fc12df8d96b3d	778	171
Russell, in turn, played often for Zummo, notably on the Bessie Award–winning composition Lateral Pass, created for a dance by choreographer Trisha Brown, with a stage set by artist Nancy Graves. In 2014, Foom Music, in London, released an original recording of this 1985 piece. According to Piccadilly Records, the CD d...	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Zummo	8263351	5	4ec68088075c95fa64797cc02bdebd857f22edf5ed28983c1bb338b51b357046	488	110
In the fall of 2014, Mikhail Barishnikov's Baryshnikov Arts Center, in New York City, awarded a residency for the creation of new work to Zummo and Brooks. Additional support over the years has come from the National Endowment for the Arts, the New York State Council on the Arts, Meet the Composer, the New York Foundat...	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Zummo	8263351	6	aa597bcb16047480e303d7551d24700aaba5ef2451734cc0419feb75aadfcb71	356	82
Zummo appears as himself in Jonathan Demme's Accumulation with Talking Plus Water Motor, a film featuring Trisha Brown, and in Wild Combination: A Portrait of Arthur Russell, a documentary by Matt Wolf. Zummo contributed to the score of Tramas, Italian director Augusto Contento's cinematic portrait of São Paulo, Brazi...	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Zummo	8263351	7	e63a559cb967f0c6b4c5c0a271c70eb1256ec5f153798fd2d70c560810a70544	483	103
Performing for other bandleaders, Zummo has appeared in the Lounge Lizards, Gods and Monsters, Stephen Gaboury’s B-Twist Orchestra for the dance company Ballets with a Twist, Go: Organic Orchestra, Tilt Brass, Downtown Ensemble, Flexible Orchestra, The Necessaries, and Dinosaur L. He has also played in units put togeth...	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Zummo	8263351	8	6e1c0b6a96a42d8d35cbebf3359b80953a5006d2dfcdca999eab58d757068e4d	684	161
Education and training	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Zummo	8263351	9	fba7aac10011dac897631cc4eff76c82233569581d2ae890b87e1049e9b286a4	22	3
After Zummo's early classical-music education in his hometown, Cleveland, Ohio, he earned bachelor’s and master’s degrees in music and composition at Wesleyan University, in Middletown, Connecticut. There he studied with John Cage, Alvin Lucier, Ken McIntyre, Clifford Thornton, Daoud Haroon, Dick Griffin, and Sam River...	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Zummo	8263351	10	06ffd968cfa4d6c63afd7dccba636a28dc7ba051148cdee6a539e50e1293b0ef	533	111
In New York City, Zummo developed extended techniques for the trombone and other instruments and created many works, including several with his wife, then-choreographer and dancer Stephanie Woodard. For several years, he wrote music and performance reviews in the SoHo Weekly News. For a 2006 article by “Blue” Gene Tyra...	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Zummo	8263351	11	8e6a30e5f6d5c3adc9ea83fa73eeb4c1bd680379bffdb652db2466d9c7a297fc	662	131
Academic and other positions	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Zummo	8263351	12	df4ea26e24d795dd2270402757b51d41f8e5ab6c70fcfcfd2225615f795f515c	28	4
Zummo was senior faculty advisor with the New York Arts Program, a New York City-based project of Ohio Wesleyan University and the Great Lakes Colleges Association, and artistic director of The Loris Bend Foundation, a nonprofit presenter of music, dance, and media.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Zummo	8263351	13	228a26a055109d2546b04d61be187616c82cae315926c575c12ea83cd144f90e	266	52
Discography	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Zummo	8263351	14	f99840d650bf580581ffa5c077cfeecd6104476695b4456da87f93d91d2285bd	11	2
Selected works:	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Zummo	8263351	15	31da45d286ff378671a6ca0ff232652e9fc3eb44beac4c201b96c80bb4c78d19	15	3
Composer	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Zummo	8263351	16	3128665832c72f49acd777c55ef9d5edfb07f9857c67499db703e93574d4168b	8	1
Lateral Pass (CD from Foom Music), 2014	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Zummo	8263351	17	0b6141f08dfd2984b522139ae5fd98f8e93558ebea38b05ac97ac2f4a61ae26c	39	14
Zummo with an X (LP from Optimo Music), 2012	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Zummo	8263351	18	20893acd1d8a673ee517f21e84fa3c5763f967d94a15c1f4bdf803271effd048	44	17
Zummo with an X (CD), 2006	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Zummo	8263351	19	a013d8922c59c97c9203dd080b70650a9ca4642f9e94f33d42571ced6272f336	26	13
Fast Dream on The Downtown Ensemble's Downtown Only, 2002	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Zummo	8263351	20	0be70408602f340a3e19215c162f13a2b3543a44855ad571d64154ea6c93cc7a	57	16
Slybersonic Tromosome, with Tom Hamilton, 2000	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Zummo	8263351	21	65f4cd0959fd29a160b8323611e7a11f81dea22cfd910650d290101ceb4eda14	46	16
Experimenting with Household Chemicals (CD), 1995	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Zummo	8263351	22	3571865d8ef999be093bde1d58968eede19d8ef1fb4974cb6291ab8745821d75	49	13
Zummo with an X (LP), 1985	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Zummo	8263351	23	36d3af620853f50edf7a4b4b81bad711be1a6105e216c970059a87e70420bf93	26	13
Travelers Through Days and Days on Sunship's Into the Sun, 1974	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Zummo	8263351	24	a11fab770a18bc0d85ce2b82c4c664a58a811d00c88f6eb3a6aab05db3a4520e	63	20
(the) Who Stole the Polka? on Guy Klucevsek's Ain’t Nothin’ But A Polka Band, 1991; and on Polka From The Fringe, 2012	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Zummo	8263351	25	832e09058695f0e9bfb1402bce753c8de23ec29bd3dba8265e5419f2d9f8d561	119	49
Producer	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Zummo	8263351	26	2fb4289022f5a1dee74a64367ac6f60d27d0b52e3359b1a61de9824610f93310	8	1
Arthur Russell's Arthur’s Landing, 2010	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Zummo	8263351	27	d069975908f16b6d70b7fc4eb087b6913277493b90840ba34b2d669d7d4a7f0f	39	14
Arthur Russell's World Of Echo (CD + DVD), 2005	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Zummo	8263351	28	d5132b04a6533e9d21ec53eeac40d8d53cdf04c3222829ba3da18ec5a96c30de	47	17
Arthur Russell's World Of Echo (LP), 2005	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Zummo	8263351	29	f84ca8435b7b57f71e864aeccc8b7bdb347b0e169eb51351f53394289fa4368c	41	15
Yvette Perez's HER, 2002	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Zummo	8263351	30	af5039df156994839c60f753fb98c40baad50c762fceb2f1498e0917f60494ac	26	15
Arthur Russell's Disco Not Disco (CD), 2000	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Zummo	8263351	31	7007de1ded7ef846f3d473522e7032e20a220609eb95cc1bab83919fc652bafb	43	15
Arthur Russell's Tree House/School Bell, 1986	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Zummo	8263351	32	dac8ae18223655fe958720943b297766f1024034bb6760386599639e4be1e2a2	46	15
Performer	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Zummo	8263351	33	e924926ed282bce9dc8200e9786930ef018614b66138153ce23a45aefbfd4469	9	2
Mitra Sumara's “Tahdig,” 2018	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Zummo	8263351	34	1faca53f239c3ab328645517bd18cf600a1d6810777d8743cef8ec4ea3f39d95	29	15
Red Hot Organization's Master Mix: Red Hot + Arthur Russell, 2014	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Zummo	8263351	35	06e30ddc102a87962d1ab77c5430da82d436193128635ba4bbf5755bc7829dce	65	19
Adam Rudolph's Go: Organic Orchestra, Sonic Mandala, 2013	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Zummo	8263351	36	7445b9ff556958f15c6804bc563bed67685f404f97c0b2eaee7ba93b4bf13b8e	57	17
Adam Rudolph's Go: Organic Orchestra, Can You Imagine…The Sound of a Dream, 2011	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Zummo	8263351	37	b5241eadaae6f319e709c69303e73585d647436255af6bf535b335ff3102aa1b	80	24

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