README.md

metadata

license: other
task_categories:
  - image-classification
size_categories:
  - 1K<n<10K

multi-species benchmark

Photographs where 2+ species appear in the same frame. Designed to evaluate multi-label species identification and steering capabilities of biological vision-language models. Two sources, unified into one parquet schema.

Sources

inat21_multilabel (299 rows, 147 images)

In-distribution: drawn from iNat21 validation images that already carry an iNat-supplied primary label. We use InternVL3-AWQ to surface images that also contain a secondary species, then BioCLIP2 to propose zero-shot candidates, then two human reviewers (ariana, dan) to accept/reject and confirm the secondary species. Each accepted image contributes a row for the primary organism (with iNat ground-truth taxonomy) and a row per secondary organism (with reviewer-confirmed taxonomy).

lila_camera_trap (884 rows, 442 images)

Out-of-distribution: trail-camera images from LILA BC where the source labels (image-level, multiple species in the same frame) have been validated by the LILA community. Filtered to image-level multi-species cases with fully species- resolved taxa, humans + domestic animals excluded.

Schema

field	type	notes
image_id	str	unique key
source_benchmark	str	inat21_multilabel or lila_camera_trap
source_dataset	str	finer-grained source label (e.g. iNat-2021-val, Nkhotakota Camera Traps)
source_url	str	original URL when available (LILA); null for iNat
image	struct (bytes, path)	JPEG bytes inline
n_species_in_image	int32	count of distinct species in this image
species_idx	int32	0 for primary, 1..N for secondaries
role	str	primary / secondary for iNat21; null for camera trap
bbox_px	list<int32>	pixel coords [x1,y1,x2,y2] of the organism; null for camera trap
kingdom ... species	str	7 taxonomic ranks (iNat convention: capitalized ranks, lowercase species epithet)
common_name	str	when available
taxonomy_source	str	inat21_ground_truth / bioclip_top_k_index_N / free_text / lila_camera_trap
reviewer	str	reviewer name for iNat rows; null otherwise

Statistics

inat21 — 299 rows, 147 images

Species-per-image distribution: 2: 144, 3: 2, 5: 1

Top source datasets:

• iNat-2021-val: 299 rows

Top species (by row count):

• purpuratus: 8 rows
• canadensis: 3 rows
• pluchei: 3 rows
• muricata: 3 rows
• vatia: 3 rows
• herbacea: 2 rows
• iguana: 2 rows
• ravilla: 2 rows

camera_trap — 884 rows, 442 images

Species-per-image distribution: 2: 442

Top source datasets:

• Nkhotakota Camera Traps: 668 rows
• ENA24: 158 rows
• Orinoquia Camera Traps: 44 rows
• Caltech Camera Traps: 14 rows

Top species (by row count):

• sylvaticus: 235 rows
• cynocephalus: 233 rows
• floridanus: 76 rows
• brachyrhynchos: 68 rows
• strepsiceros: 41 rows
• grimmia: 34 rows
• pygerythrus: 30 rows
• africanus: 20 rows

Citation

If you use this benchmark, please cite the underlying sources:

• iNat21: https://github.com/visipedia/inat_comp/tree/master/2021
• LILA BC: https://lila.science/lila-bc/
• InternVL3: https://huggingface.co/OpenGVLab/InternVL3-38B-AWQ
• BioCLIP2: https://huggingface.co/imageomics/bioclip-2

License

iNat21 photos: per-observation licenses (typically CC BY-NC). LILA BC: varies by dataset; see https://lila.science/datasets/. Use of this benchmark for research / evaluation is intended; review the upstream licenses before any redistribution.