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Albedo
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thumb|Albedo change in Greenland: the map shows the difference between the amount of sunlight Greenland reflected in the summer of 2011 versus the average percent it reflected between 2000 and 2006. Some areas reflect close to 20 percent less light than a decade ago. Albedo ( ; ) is the fraction of sunlight that is diffusely reflected by a body. It is measured on a scale from 0 (corresponding to a black body that absorbs all incident radiation) to 1 (corresponding to a body that reflects all incident radiation). Surface albedo is defined as the ratio of radiosity Je to the irradiance Ee (flux per unit area) received by a surface. The proportion reflected is not only determined by properties of the surface itself, but also by the spectral and angular distribution of solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. These factors vary with atmospheric composition, geographic location, and time (see position of the Sun).
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albedo
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A
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A-sharp}} ]|[ ]|[ ]|[ ]|[ ]|[ ]|[ ]|[ ]|[ ]|[ ]|[ ] [ ] | }} | unicode = U+0041, U+0061 | alphanumber = 1 | fam1 = F1 | fam2 = [[File:Proto-semiticA-01.svg|class=skin-invert-image|20px|Proto-Sinaitic 'alp]] | fam3 = [[File:Protoalef.svg|class=skin-invert-image|20px|Proto-Caananite aleph]] | fam4 = [[File:Phoenician_aleph.svg|class=skin-invert-image|20px|Phoenician aleph]] | fam5 = [[Alpha|Α α]] | fam6 = [[𐌀]][[File:Greek-uncial-1.jpg|class=skin-invert-image|20px|Greek classical uncial]] | fam7 = [[File:Semitic-2.jpg|class=skin-invert-image|20px|Early Latin A]][[File:Latin-uncial-1.jpg|class=skin-invert-image|20px|Latin 300 AD uncial, version 1]] | usageperiod = present | children = }} | sisters = | associates = [[List of Latin-script digraphs#A|a(x)]], [[Ae (digraph)|ae]], [[Eau (trigraph)|eau]], [[Au (digraph)|au]] | direction = Left-to-right | image = Latin_letter_A.svg | imageclass = skin-invert-image }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A
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Alabama
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}} (We dare defend our rights) | anthem = "[[Alabama (state song)|Alabama]]" | image_map = Alabama in United States.svg | seat = [[Montgomery, Alabama|Montgomery]] | LargestCity = [[Huntsville, Alabama|Huntsville]] | LargestMetro = [[Birmingham metropolitan area, Alabama|Greater Birmingham]] | LargestCounty = [[Jefferson County, Alabama|Jefferson]] | area_total_km2 = 135,765 | area_total_sq_mi = 52,419 | area_land_km2 = 131,426 | area_land_sq_mi = 50,744 | area_water_km2 = 4,338 | area_water_sq_mi = 1,675 | area_water_percent = 3.2 | area_rank = 30th | length_km = 531 | length_mi = 330 | width_km = 305 | width_mi = 190 | Latitude = 30°11' N to 35° N | Longitude = 84°53' W to 88°28' W | elevation_m = 150 | elevation_ft = 500 | elevation_max_m = 735.5 | elevation_max_ft = 2,413 | elevation_max_point = [[Mount Cheaha]] | elevation_min_m = 0 | elevation_min_ft = 0 | elevation_min_point = [[Gulf of Mexico]] | OfficialLang = English | Languages = * English 95.1% * Spanish 3.1% | population_demonym = [[Adjectivals and demonyms for U.S. states|Alabamian]], [[Adjectivals and demonyms for U.S. states|Alabaman]] | population_rank = 24th | population_as_of = 2024 | 2010Pop = 5,157,699 | MedianHouseholdIncome = $ (2023) | 2020DensityUS = 99.2 | 2020Density = 38.3 | population_density_rank = 27th | IncomeRank = [[List of U.S. states and territories by income#States and territories ranked by median household income|44th]] | Former = Alabama Territory | AdmittanceDate = December 14, 1819 | AdmittanceOrder = 22nd | Governor = [[Kay Ivey]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|R]]) | Lieutenant Governor = [[Will Ainsworth]] (R) | Legislature = [[Alabama Legislature]] | Upperhouse = [[Alabama Senate|Senate]] | Lowerhouse = [[Alabama House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] | Judiciary = [[Supreme Court of Alabama]] | Senators = [[Tommy Tuberville]] (R) [[Katie Britt]] (R) | Representative = 5 Republicans 2 [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]] | timezone1 = [[Central Time Zone|Central]] | utc_offset1 = – 06:00 | timezone1_DST = [[Central Daylight Time|CDT]] | utc_offset1_DST = – 05:00 | timezone1_location = Entire state (legally) | timezone2 = [[Eastern Time Zone|Eastern]] | utc_offset2 = – 05:00 | timezone2_DST = [[Eastern Daylight Time|EDT]] | utc_offset2_DST = – 04:00 | timezone2_location = [[Phenix City, Alabama|Phenix City]] area (unofficially) | iso_code = US-AL | postal_code = AL | TradAbbreviation = Ala. | website = https://alabama.gov | Capital = | Representatives = }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama
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Abraham Lincoln
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Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was the 16th president of the United States, serving from 1861 until his assassination in 1865. He led the United States through the American Civil War, defeating the Confederate States of America and playing a major role in the abolition of slavery.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln
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Aristotle
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), with modern alabaster mantle | birth_date=384 BC | birth_place=[[Stagira (ancient city)|Stagira]], [[Chalcidian League]] | death_date= | death_place=[[Chalcis]], [[Euboea]], [[Macedonian Empire]] | education=[[Platonic Academy]] | era=[[Ancient Greek philosophy]] | region=[[Western philosophy]] | school_tradition= [[Peripatetic school]] | notable_students = [[Alexander the Great]], [[Theophrastus]], [[Aristoxenus]] | main_interests= * [[Logic]] * [[Physis|Natural philosophy]] * [[Metaphysics]] * [[Ethics]] * [[Politics]] * [[Rhetoric]] * [[Aesthetics|Poetics]] | notable_ideas=[[Aristotelianism]] |notable_works= * ''[[Organon]]'' * [[Physics (Aristotle)|''Physics'']] * [[Metaphysics (Aristotle)|''Metaphysics'']] * ''[[Nicomachean Ethics]]'' * [[Politics (Aristotle)|''Politics'']] * [[Rhetoric (Aristotle)|''Rhetoric'']] * [[Poetics (Aristotle)|''Poetics'']] |native_name= |native_name_lang=el}}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle
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Academy Awards
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Oscar}} | pending_awards = | pending_date = | next_awards = 98th Academy Awards | next_date = | image = Oscars logo.svg | image_size = 270 | image2 = | alt = | caption = The Oscars logo | caption2 = | awarded_for = Excellence in the [[film industry]] | presenter = [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] | country = United States | firstawarded = | network = | website = }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_Awards
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Animalia (book)
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Animalia is an illustrated children's book by Graeme Base. It was originally published in 1986, followed by a tenth anniversary edition in 1996, and a 25th anniversary edition in 2012. Over four million copies have been sold worldwide. A special numbered and signed anniversary edition was also published in 1996, with an embossed gold jacket.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalia_(book)
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Ayn Rand
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| birth_place = [[Saint Petersburg]], [[Russian Empire]] | death_date = | death_place = New York City, U.S. | pseudonym = Ayn Rand | occupation = | language = | citizenship = | United States (from 1931)}} | alma_mater = [[Leningrad State University]] | period = 1934–1982 | notableworks = [[Bibliography of Ayn Rand and Objectivism#Works by Rand|Full list]] | spouse = is not to be confused with the actor and director [[Frank O'Connor (director)|Frank O'Connor]] (1881–1959) or the writer whose pen name was [[Frank O'Connor]].}} | signature = Ayn Rand signature 1949.svg | signature_alt = Ayn Rand }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayn_Rand
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Algeria
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}} | name = | common_name = Algeria | image_flag = Flag of Algeria.svg | flag_border = yes | image_coat = National Emblem of Algeria (bronze effect).svg | symbol_type = [[Emblem of Algeria|Emblem]] | national_motto = "Biš-šaʿb wa liš-šaʿb""By the people and for the people" | national_anthem = ''[[Kassaman|Qasaman]]''"We Pledge" | image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg | map_caption = | image_map2 = | capital = [[Algiers]] | coordinates = | largest_city = capital | religion = }}}} | languages_type = National vernacular | languages = [[Algerian Arabic]] Algerian Arabic is the [[spoken language]] used by the vast majority of the population. Other [[Languages of Algeria|Arabic dialects and minority languages]] are spoken regionally.}} | languages2_type = Foreign languages | languages2 = [[French language|French]] [[English language|English]] | ethnic_groups = See [[#Ethnic groups|Ethnic groups]] | religion_ref = | demonym = [[Algerians|Algerian]] | government_type = Unitary [[semi-presidential republic]] | leader_title1 = [[President of Algeria|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Abdelmadjid Tebboune]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Algeria|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Nadir Larbaoui]] | leader_title3 = [[List of presidents of the Council of the Nation (Algeria)|Council President]] | leader_name3 = [[Azouz Nasri]] | leader_title4 = [[List of presidents of the People's National Assembly (Algeria)|Assembly President]] | leader_name4 = [[Ibrahim Boughali]] | legislature = [[Parliament of Algeria|Parliament]] | upper_house = [[Council of the Nation]] | lower_house = [[People's National Assembly]] | sovereignty_type = [[History of Algeria|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Numidia]] | established_date1 = 202 BC | established_event2 = [[Kingdom of Tlemcen]] | established_date2 = 1235 | established_event3 = [[Regency of Algiers]] | established_date3 = 1516 | established_event4 = [[French Algeria]] | established_date4 = 5 July 1830 | established_event5 = [[Algerian War|Independence]] | established_date5 = 5 July 1962 | area_km2 = 2381741 | area_rank = 10th | area_sq_mi = 919595 | percent_water = | population_estimate = 47,400,000 | population_estimate_year = 2025 | population_estimate_rank = 33rd | population_census_year = | population_density_km2 = 19 | population_density_sq_mi = 49 | population_density_rank = 206th | GDP_PPP = $875.334 billion | GDP_PPP_year = 2025 | GDP_PPP_rank = 39th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $18,525 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 100th | GDP_nominal = $268.885 billion | GDP_nominal_year = 2025 | GDP_nominal_rank = 49th | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $5,691 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 111th | Gini = 27.6 | Gini_year = 2011 | Gini_ref = | HDI = 0.763 | HDI_year = 2023 | HDI_change = increase | HDI_ref = | HDI_rank = 96th | currency = [[Algerian dinar]] | currency_code = DZD | time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Algeria|+213]] | cctld = |today=}} | religion_year = 2012 }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algeria
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ASCII
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ASCII ( ), an acronym for American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character encoding standard for representing a particular set of 95 (English language focused) printable and 33 control characters a total of 128 code points. The set of available punctuation had significant impact on the syntax of computer languages and text markup. ASCII hugely influenced the design of character sets used by modern computers; for example, the first 128 code points of Unicode are the same as ASCII.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII
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Animation
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Animation is a filmmaking technique whereby still images are manipulated to create moving images. In traditional animation, images are drawn or painted by hand on transparent celluloid sheets to be photographed and exhibited on film. Animation has been recognized as an artistic medium, specifically within the entertainment industry. Many animations are either traditional animations or computer animations made with computer-generated imagery (CGI). Stop motion animation, in particular claymation, has continued to exist alongside these other forms.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animation
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Apollo
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Apollo is one of the Olympian deities in ancient Greek and Roman religion and Greek and Roman mythology. Apollo has been recognized as a god of archery, music and dance, truth and prophecy, healing and diseases, the Sun and light, poetry, and more. One of the most important and complex of the Greek gods, he is the son of Zeus and Leto, and the twin brother of Artemis, goddess of the hunt. He is considered to be the most beautiful god and is represented as the ideal of the kouros (ephebe, or a beardless, athletic youth). Apollo is known in Greek-influenced Etruscan mythology as Apulu.Krauskopf, I. 2006. "The Grave and Beyond." The Religion of the Etruscans. edited by N. de Grummond and E. Simon. Austin: University of Texas Press. p. vii, p. 73-75.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo
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Andre Agassi
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{{Infobox tennis biography | name = Andre Agassi | image = frameless|upright=.8 | caption = Agassi at the 2011 Champions Shootout | fullname = Andre Kirk Agassi | country = | residence = Las Vegas, Nevada, US | birth_date = | birth_place = Las Vegas, Nevada, US | height = | turnedpro = 1986 | retired = 2006 | plays = Right-handed (two-handed backhand) | coach = | careerprizemoney = $31,152,975 14th all-time in earnings | tennishofyear = 2011 | tennishofid = andre-agassi | singlesrecord = (76.0%) | singlestitles = 60 | highestsinglesranking = No. 1 (April 10, 1995) | AustralianOpenresult = W (1995, 2000, 2001, 2003) | FrenchOpenresult = W (1999) | Wimbledonresult = W (1992) | USOpenresult = W (1994, 1999) |Othertournaments = Yes |MastersCupresult = W (1990) |Olympicsresult = W (1996) |GrandSlamCupresult= F (1998)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andre_Agassi
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Austroasiatic languages
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117 million | family = One of the world's primary [[Language family|language families]] | protoname = [[Proto-Austroasiatic language|Proto-Austroasiatic]] | child1 = [[Munda languages|Munda]] | child2 = [[Khasi-Palaungic languages|Khasi-Palaungic]] | child3 = [[Khmuic languages|Khmuic]] | child4 = ''[[Mang language|Mang]]'' | child5 = [[Pakanic languages|Pakanic]] | child6 = [[Vietic languages|Vietic]] | child7 = [[Katuic languages|Katuic]] | child8 = [[Bahnaric languages|Bahnaric]] | child9 = ''[[Khmer language|Khmer]]'' | child10 = [[Pearic languages|Pearic]] | child11 = [[Monic languages|Monic]] | child12 = [[Aslian languages|Aslian]] | child13 = [[Nicobarese languages|Nicobarese]] | iso5 = aav | glotto = aust1305 | glottoname = Austroasiatic | map = Austroasiatic-en.svg | mapcaption = Austroasiatic languages by branch }} | ancestor = | notes = | map2 = AA_languages_map_%28with_natl%27_border%29.svg | mapcaption2 = Austroasiatic languages }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages
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Afroasiatic languages
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million | familycolor = Afro-Asiatic | family = One of the world's primary [[Language family|language families]] | protoname = [[Proto-Afroasiatic language|Proto-Afroasiatic]] | child1 = [[Berber languages|Berber]] | child2 = [[Chadic languages|Chadic]] | child3 = [[Cushitic languages|Cushitic]] | child4 = [[Egyptian language|Egyptian]] }} | child5 = [[Omotic languages|Omotic]] | child6 = [[Semitic languages|Semitic]] | iso2 = afa | iso5 = afa | glotto = afro1255 | glottorefname = Afro-Asiatic | map = Detailed Afroasiatic map.svg | mapcaption = Modern distribution of the Afroasiatic languages | ancestor = | glottoname = | notes = | altname = Hamito-Semitic, Semito-Hamitic, Afrasian | map2 = Afro-Asiatic language.png | mapcaption2 = Hypothesized approximate historical distribution of Afroasiatic branches (Chadic and Omotic branches, and the [[Ethio-Semitic]] sub-branch not shown) }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages
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Andorra
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}} | image_flag = Flag of Andorra.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Andorra.svg | symbol_type = Coat of arms | national_motto = ([[Latin]])"United virtue is stronger" | national_anthem = "[[El Gran Carlemany]]" "The Great [[Charlemagne]]" | image_map = Location Andorra Europe.png | map_caption = | image_map2 = | capital = [[Andorra la Vella]] | coordinates = | largest_city = capital | official_languages = [[Catalan language|Catalan]] 44.1% | languages_type = Significant language | languages = [[Spanish language|Spanish]] 40.3% | languages2_type = Other languages | languages2 = | ethnic_groups = | ethnic_groups_ref = | ethnic_groups_year = 2024 | religion = * 90.8% Christianity ** 85.5% [[Catholic Church in Andorra|Catholicism]] ([[State religion|official]]) ** 5.3% other [[List of Christian denominations|Christian]] | 6.9% [[Irreligion|no religion]] | 2.3% others }} | religion_year = 2020 | religion_ref = | demonym = [[List of Andorrans|Andorran]] | government_type = [[Unitary government|Unitary]] parliamentary [[diarchic]] constitutional [[Coregency#Andorra|co-principality]] | leader_title1 = [[Co-Princes of Andorra|Co-Princes]] | leader_name1 = | leader_title2 = [[List of Representatives of the Co-Princes of Andorra|Representatives]] | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = [[Head of Government of Andorra|Prime Minister]] | leader_name3 = [[Xavier Espot Zamora]] | leader_title4 = [[List of General Syndics of the General Council|General Syndic]] | leader_name4 = [[Carles Ensenyat Reig]] | legislature = [[General Council (Andorra)|General Council]] | sovereignty_type = Independence | established_event1 = From the [[Crown of Aragon]] | established_date1 = [[Paréage of Andorra (1278)|8 September 1278]] | established_event2 = From the [[Kingdom of France]] | established_date2 = 12 October 1652 | established_event3 = From the [[Sègre (department)|French Empire]] | established_date3 = 1814 | established_event4 = [[Constitution of Andorra|Constitution]] | established_date4 = 2 February 1993 | area_km2 = 467.63 | area_rank = 178th | area_sq_mi = 180.55 | percent_water = 0.26 (121.4 [[hectares|ha]]) Girard P & Gomez P (2009), Lacs des Pyrénées: Andorre. }} | population_estimate = 87,486 | population_estimate_rank = 185th | population_estimate_year = 2025 | population_census_year = 2021 | population_density_km2 = 187.1 | population_density_sq_mi = 484.6 | population_density_rank = 71st | GDP_PPP = $6.001 billion | GDP_PPP_year = 2024 | GDP_PPP_rank = 168th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $69,146 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 18th | GDP_nominal = $3.897 billion | GDP_nominal_year = 2024 | GDP_nominal_rank = 159th | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $44,900 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 24th | Gini = 40.0 | Gini_year = 2023 | Gini_change = increase | Gini_ref = | HDI = 0.913 | HDI_rank = 32nd | HDI_year = 2023 | HDI_change = increase | HDI_ref = | currency = [[Euro]] ([[Euro sign|€]]) | currency_code = EUR | time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +01:00 | utc_offset_DST = +02:00 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy | drives_on = right | calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Andorra|+376]] | cctld = [[.ad]] | today = }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andorra
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American Football Conference
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The American Football Conference (AFC) is one of the two conferences of the National Football League (NFL), the highest level of professional American football in the United States. The AFC and its counterpart, the National Football Conference (NFC), each have 16 teams organized into four divisions. Both conferences were created as part of the 1970 merger between the National Football League, and the American Football League (AFL). All ten of the AFL teams, and three NFL teams, became members of the new AFC, with the remaining thirteen NFL teams forming the NFC. A series of league expansions and division realignments have occurred since the merger, thus making the current total of 16 teams in each conference. The current AFC champions are the Kansas City Chiefs, who defeated the Buffalo Bills in the 2024 season's AFC Championship Game for their fifth conference championship and went on to lose Super Bowl LIX against the Philadelphia Eagles.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Football_Conference
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Animal Farm
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{{Infobox book | name = Animal Farm | title_orig = Animal Farm: A Fairy Story | image = Animal Farm - 1st edition.jpg | caption = First edition cover | author = George Orwell | illustrator = | cover_artist = | country = United Kingdom | language = English | genre = Political satire | published = 17 August 1945 (Secker and Warburg, London, England) | media_type = Print (hard & paperback) | isbn = | dewey = 823/.912 20 | congress = PZ3.O793 An | oclc = 3655473 | followed_by = Nineteen Eighty-Four | preceded_by = Inside the Whale and Other Essays | awards = Modern Library's 100 Best Novels NPR: 100 Best Science Fiction and Fantasy Books
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_Farm
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Alaska
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| image_flag = Flag of Alaska.svg | name = Alaska | image_seal = Seal of the State of Alaska.svg | flag_link = Flag of Alaska | nickname = The Last Frontier | motto = North to the Future | anthem = [[Alaska's Flag]] | image_map = Alaska in United States.svg | OfficialLangs = [[Ahtna language|Ahtna]], [[Alutiiq language|Alutiiq]], [[Dena'ina language|Dena'ina]], [[Central Alaskan Yup'ik language|Cup'ig]], [[Deg Xinag language|Deg Xinag]], English, [[Eyak language|Eyak]], [[Gwich'in language|Gwich'in]], [[Haida language|Haida]], [[Hän language|Hän]], [[Holikachuk language|Holikachuk]], [[Inupiat language|Inupiaq]], [[Koyukon language|Koyukon]], [[Lower Tanana language|Lower Tanana]], [[Lower Tanana language|Middle Tanana]], [[Central Siberian Yupik language|St. Lawrence Island Yupik]], [[Tanacross language|Tanacross]], [[Tlingit language|Tlingit]], [[Coast Tsimshian dialect|Tsimshian]], [[Aleut language|Unangax̂]], [[Upper Kuskokwim language|Upper Kuskokwim]], [[Upper Tanana language|Upper Tanana]], [[Central Alaskan Yup'ik language|Yup'ik]], [[Tsetsaut language|Wetał]] | Languages = | population_demonym = Alaskan | LargestCity = [[Anchorage, Alaska|Anchorage]] | seat = [[Juneau, Alaska|Juneau]] | area_rank = 1st | area_total_sq_mi = 665,384 | area_total_km2 = 1,723,337 | width_mi = 2,261 | width_km = 3,639 | length_mi = 1,420 | length_km = 2,285 | area_water_percent = 13.77 | Latitude = 51°20'N to 71°50'N | Longitude = 130°W to 172°E | population_rank = 48th | population_as_of = 2024 | 2010Pop = 740,133 | MedianHouseholdIncome = $ (2023) | 2020DensityUS = 1.10 | 2020Density = 0.42 | population_density_rank = 50th | IncomeRank = [[List of U.S. states and territories by income#States and territories ranked by median household income|12th]] | elevation_max_point = [[Denali]] | elevation_max_ft = 20,310 | elevation_max_m = 6190.5 | elevation_ft = 1900 | elevation_m = 580 | elevation_min_point = | elevation_min_m = 0 | elevation_min_ft = 0 | Former = Territory of Alaska | AdmittanceDate = | AdmittanceOrder = 49th | Governor = [[Mike Dunleavy (politician)|Mike Dunleavy]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|R]]) | Lieutenant Governor = [[Nancy Dahlstrom]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|R]]) | Legislature = [[Alaska State Legislature]] | Judiciary = [[Alaska Supreme Court]] | Senators = | timezone1 = [[Alaska Time Zone|AKST]] | utc_offset1 = – 09:00 | timezone1_DST = AKDT | utc_offset1_DST = – 08:00 | timezone1_location = east of 169°30' | timezone2 = [[Hawaii–Aleutian Time Zone|HST]] | utc_offset2 = – 10:00 | timezone2_DST = HDT | utc_offset2_DST = – 09:00 | timezone2_location = west of 169°30' | iso_code = US-AK | postal_code = AK | website = alaska.gov | Upperhouse = [[Alaska State Senate|State Senate]] | Lowerhouse = [[Alaska House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] | Representative = [[Nick Begich III]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|R]]) | area_land_km2 = 1,518,800 | area_land_sq_mi = 586,412 square miles | area_water_km2 = 236,507 | area_water_sq_mi = 91,316 | Capital = Juneau, Alaska | LargestMetro = [[Anchorage metropolitan area|Anchorage]] | Representatives = }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska
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Agriculture
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thumb|Modern agriculture: a center pivot irrigation system on a field Agriculture is the practice of cultivating the soil, planting, raising, and harvesting both food and non-food crops, as well as livestock production. Broader definitions also include forestry and aquaculture. Agriculture was a key factor in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated plants and animals created food surpluses that enabled people to live in the cities. While humans started gathering grains at least 105,000 years ago, nascent farmers only began planting them around 11,500 years ago. Sheep, goats, pigs, and cattle were domesticated around 10,000 years ago. Plants were independently cultivated in at least 11 regions of the world. In the 20th century, industrial agriculture based on large-scale monocultures came to dominate agricultural output.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture
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Aldous Huxley
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| birth_place = [[Godalming]], [[Surrey]], England | death_date = | death_place = [[Los Angeles County]], [[California]], U.S. | resting_place = [[Compton, Guildford|Compton]], Surrey | occupation = | education = [[Balliol College, Oxford|Balliol College]] | notable_works = | spouse = | }} | children = [[Matthew Huxley|Matthew]] | relatives = | signature = Aldous Huxley signature.svg }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldous_Huxley
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Algae
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}} | subheader = Organisms that perform oxygenic photosynthesis, except land plants | image = [[File:NSW seabed 1.JPG|210px]] | caption = Marine algae growing on the sea bed in shallow waters | image2 = [[File:Водоросли пресноводного водоема 2.jpg|210px]] | caption2 = Freshwater microscopic unicellular and colonial algae | headerstyle = background: | labelstyle = background:#dbffdb | header1 = Traditional algal divisions Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2025. ''AlgaeBase''. World-wide electronic publication, University of Galway. https://www.algaebase.org; searched on 25 May 2025. | label2 = Prokaryotic | data2 = [[Cyanobacteria]] | label3 = Eukaryotic (primary endosymbiosis) | data3 = [[Glaucophyte|Glaucophyta]], [[Red algae|Rhodophyta]], [[Prasinodermophyta]], [[Chlorophyta]], [[Charophyta]]* | label4 = Eukaryotic (secondary endosymbiosis) | data4 = [[Chlorarachniophyte|Chlorarachniophyta]], [[Chrompodellid|Chromeridophyta]], [[Cryptomonad|Cryptophyta]], [[Dinoflagellate|Dinoflagellata]], [[Euglenozoa|Euglenophyta]] (partially), [[Haptophyte|Haptophyta]], [[Ochrophyte|Heterokontophyta]] | data5 = *[[Paraphyly|paraphyletic]], it excludes land plants | header6 = [[#Diversity|Diversity]] | label7 = Living | data7 = 50,605 species | label8 = Fossil | data8 = 10,556 species }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algae
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Arraignment
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thumb|Arraignment at the Ministries Trial, 20 December 1947 Arraignment is a formal reading of a criminal charging document in the presence of the defendant, to inform them of the criminal charges against them. In response to arraignment, in some jurisdictions, the accused is expected to enter a plea; in other jurisdictions, no plea is required. Acceptable pleas vary among jurisdictions, but they generally include guilty, not guilty, and the peremptory pleas (pleas in bar) setting out reasons why a trial cannot proceed. Pleas of nolo contendere ('no contest') and the Alford plea are allowed in some circumstances.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arraignment
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American National Standards Institute
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ASA film speed|other uses|ANSI (disambiguation)}} | type = [[Nonprofit organization]] | status = [[501(c)(3) organization|501(c)(3)]] private | purpose = [[Standards organization|National standards]] | headquarters = [[Washington, D.C.]], U.S. | location = | region_served = | membership = 125,000 companies and 3.5 million professionals | language = [[American English|English]] | leader_title = President and [[Chief executive officer|CEO]] | leader_name = Laurie E. Locascio, PhD | main_organ = | affiliations = | num_staff = | num_volunteers = | budget = | website = | remarks = }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_National_Standards_Institute
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Apollo 11
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| insignia = Apollo 11 insignia.png | insignia_alt = Circular insignia: eagle with wings outstretched holds olive branch on Moon with Earth in background, in blue and gold border. | mission_type = Crewed lunar landing ([[List of Apollo missions#Alphabetical mission types|G]]) | operator = [[NASA]] | COSPAR_ID = |LM: }} | SATCAT = |LM: 4041 }} | mission_duration = 8 days, 3 hours, 18 minutes, 35 seconds | spacecraft = | manufacturer = |LM: [[Grumman]] }} | launch_mass = | landing_mass = | launch_date = [[UTC]] (9:32 am [[Eastern Daylight Time|EDT]]) | launch_rocket = [[Saturn V]] SA-506 | launch_site = [[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A|Kennedy LC 39A]] | landing_date = UTC | landing_site = }} | recovery_by = | orbit_epoch = July 19, 1969, 21:44 UTC | orbit_reference = [[Lunar orbit|Selenocentric]] | orbit_periapsis = | orbit_apoapsis = | orbit_inclination = 1.25 degrees | orbit_period = 2 hours | apsis = selene |interplanetary = |departure_date = July 22, 1969, 04:55:42 UTC }} |location = }} |sample_mass = |surface_EVAs = 1 |surface_EVA_time = 2 hours, 31 minutes, 40 seconds }} | docking = | undocking_date = July 20, 1969, 17:44:00 UTC | time_docked = }} | undocking_date = July 21, 1969, 23:41:31 UTC | time_docked = }} | crew_size = 3 | crew_members = | crew_callsign = | crew_photo = apollo 11.jpg | crew_photo_caption = Left to right: [[Neil Armstrong]], [[Michael Collins (astronaut)|Michael Collins]], [[Buzz Aldrin]] | crew_photo_alt = Apollo 11 crew | previous_mission = [[Apollo 10]] | next_mission = [[Apollo 12]] | programme = [[Apollo program]] }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_11
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Apollo 8
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8 by [[William Anders]] | image_alt = A black sky with a grey, cratered lunar horizon. A small blue Earth with scattered white clouds is just above the horizon, with about two-thirds of the Earth lit by the Sun and the remainder in darkness. | insignia = Apollo-8-patch.png | mission_type = Crewed lunar orbital CSM flight ([[List of Apollo missions#Alphabetical mission types|C']]) | operator = [[NASA]] | COSPAR_ID = | mission_duration = 6 days, 3 hours, 42 seconds | spacecraft = | manufacturer = [[North American Rockwell]] | launch_mass = The spacecraft mass at launch includes the CM and SM, but excludes the Launch Escape System (LES), which was discarded before reaching Earth orbit. |CM: |SM: |SC/LM Adapter (jettisoned; connects LTA to CSM; not part of the CSM craft): |LTA (not part of CSM; fixed to rocket): The mass for LTA-B was less than that of a flying LM, because it was essentially a boilerplate descent stage. A fully loaded, flight-ready LM, like the ''Eagle'' from Apollo 11, had a mass of , including propellants. }} | landing_mass = | launch_date = [[UTC]] | launch_rocket = [[Saturn V]] SA-503Serial numbers were initially assigned by the [[Marshall Space Flight Center]] in the format "SA-5xx" (for Saturn-Apollo). By the time the rockets achieved flight, the [[Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center|Manned Spacecraft Center]] started using the format "AS-5xx" (for Apollo-Saturn). | launch_site = [[Kennedy Space Center|Kennedy]] [[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A|LC-39A]] | landing_date = UTC | landing_site = North Pacific Ocean ( ) | recovery_by = | orbit_epoch = December 21, 1968, ~13:02 UTC | orbit_reference = | orbit_periapsis = (99.57 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]; ) | orbit_apoapsis = (99.99 nmi; ) | orbit_inclination = 32.15° | orbit_period = 88.19 minutes | orbit_rev_number = 2 | apsis = gee |interplanetary = |departure_date = December 25, 1968, 6:10:17 UTC |epoch = December 24, 1968, ~02:30 UTC |periapsis = (59.7 nmi; ) |apoapsis = (60.7 nmi; ) |inclination = 12° |apsis = selene |period = 2 hours }} | crew_size = 3 | crew_members = | crew_callsign = Apollo 8 | crew_photo = Apollo8 Prime Crew.jpg | crew_photo_caption = Left to right: [[William Anders|Anders]], [[Jim Lovell|Lovell]] and [[Frank Borman|Borman]] | previous_mission = [[Apollo 7]] | next_mission = [[Apollo 9]] | programme = [[Apollo program]] }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_8
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Alphabet
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An alphabet is a writing system that uses a standard set of symbols called letters to represent particular sounds in a spoken language. Specifically, letters largely correspond to phonemes as the smallest sound segments that can distinguish one word from another in a given language. Not all writing systems represent language in this way: a syllabary assigns symbols to spoken syllables, while logographies assign symbols to words, morphemes, or other semantic units.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet
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Anatomy
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thumb|350px|One of the large, detailed illustrations in Andreas Vesalius's De humani corporis fabrica 16th century, marking the rebirth of anatomy Anatomy () is the branch of morphology concerned with the study of the internal structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is a branch of natural science that deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old science, having its beginnings in prehistoric times. Anatomy is inherently tied to developmental biology, embryology, comparative anatomy, evolutionary biology, and phylogeny, as these are the processes by which anatomy is generated, both over immediate and long-term timescales. Anatomy and physiology, which study the structure and function of organisms and their parts respectively, make a natural pair of related disciplines, and are often studied together. Human anatomy is one of the essential basic sciences that are applied in medicine, and is often studied alongside physiology.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomy
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Andrei Tarkovsky
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| native_name_lang = ru | birth_name = Andrei Arsenyevich Tarkovsky | birth_date = | birth_place = [[Zavrazhye, Kadyysky District, Kostroma Oblast|Zavrazhye]], [[Ivanovo Oblast]], [[Russian SFSR]], Soviet Union | death_date = | death_place = Paris, France | resting_place = [[Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois Russian Cemetery]], Paris, France | nationality = | alma_mater = [[All-Union State Institute of Cinematography]] | occupation = | years_active = 1958–1986 | notable_works = [[Works by Andrei Tarkovsky|Full list]] | spouse = * }} | father = [[Arseny Tarkovsky]] | awards = [[List of awards won by Andrei Tarkovsky|List]] }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei_Tarkovsky
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Abel
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Abel ( Hébel, in pausa Hā́ḇel; Hábel; , Hābēl) is a biblical figure in the Book of Genesis within the Abrahamic religions. Born as the second son of Adam and Eve, the first two humans created by God, he was a shepherd who offered his firstborn flock to God as a religious offering. God accepted Abel's offering but not the offering of his older brother Cain, leading Cain to stone Abel to death out of jealousy. This act marked the first death in biblical history, making Abel the first murder victim.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abel
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Aardvark
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thumb|Skeleton of an aardvark The aardvark ( ; Orycteropus afer) is a medium-sized, burrowing, nocturnal mammal native to Africa."Aardvark, n." Dictionary of South African English. Dictionary Unit for South African English, 2018. 26 February 2019. The aardvark is the only living member of the family Orycteropodidae and the order Tubulidentata. It has a long proboscis, similar to a pig's snout, which is used to sniff out food.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aardvark
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Adventure
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An adventure is an exciting experience or undertaking that is typically bold, sometimes risky. Adventures may be activities with danger such as traveling, exploring, skydiving, mountain climbing, scuba diving, river rafting, or other extreme sports. Adventures are often undertaken to create psychological arousal or in order to achieve a greater goal, such as the pursuit of knowledge that can only be obtained by such activities.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adventure
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Asia
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([[Continent#Area and population|1st]]) |population = ( ; [[List of continents and continental subregions by population|1st]]) |density = 100/km2 (260/sq mi) |GDP_PPP = [[US$|$]]94.66 trillion (2025 est; [[List of continents by GDP#Continents by GDP (PPP)|1st]]) |GDP_nominal = }} |GDP_per_capita = $9,180 (2025 est; [[List of continents by GDP#Continents by GDP per capita (nominal)|4th]]) |religions = }} | religions_ref = |demonym = [[Asian people|Asian]] |countries = |list_countries = List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia |dependencies = | 2 = | 3 = | 4 = | 5 = | 6 = }} |unrecognized = | 2 = | 3 = | 4 = | 5 = }} |languages = [[Languages of Asia|List of languages]] |time = [[UTC+02:00]] to [[UTC+12:00]] |internet = [[.asia]] |cities = |m49 = 142 – Asia001 – World |footnotes = }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia
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Aruba
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}} }} | image_flag = Flag of Aruba.svg | flag_size = 125 | flag_link = Flag of Aruba | image_seal = Coat of arms of Aruba.svg | seal_size = 85px | seal_type = Coat of arms | seal_link = Coat of arms of Aruba | anthem = "[[Aruba Dushi Tera]]"( ) | song_type = Royal anthem | song = "[[Wilhelmus]]"( )[[File:United States Navy Band - Het Wilhelmus (tempo corrected).ogg|Het Wilhelmus]] | image_map = Aruba in its region (zoom).svg | map_alt = Location of Aruba | map_caption = Location of Aruba (circled in red) | mapsize = 290px | subdivision_type = [[Sovereign state]] | subdivision_name = | established_title = Before separation | established_date = [[Netherlands Antilles]] | established_title2 = Country status | established_date2 = 1 January 1986 | official_languages = }} | languages_type = Other languages | languages = [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[English language|English]] | demonym = [[Culture of Aruba|Aruban]] | capital = [[Oranjestad, Aruba|Oranjestad]] | coordinates = | largest_city = capital | ethnic_groups = }} | ethnic_groups_year = 2020 | government_type = [[Devolution|Devolved]] parliamentary [[representative democracy]] within a [[constitutional monarchy]] | leader_title1 = [[Monarchy of the Netherlands|Monarch]] | leader_name1 = [[Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands|Willem-Alexander]] | leader_title2 = [[Governor of Aruba|Governor]] | leader_name2 = [[Alfonso Boekhoudt]] | leader_title3 = [[Prime Minister of Aruba|Prime Minister]] | leader_name3 = [[Mike Eman]] | legislature = [[Parliament of Aruba]] | area_km2 = 180 | area_rank = 189th | percent_water = negligible | elevation_max_m = 188 | elevation_max_ft = |population_census = 108,423 |population_census_year = 2024 | population_estimate = | population_estimate_rank = | population_estimate_year = | population_density_km2 = 560.4 | population_density_sq_mi = | population_density_rank = | GDP_PPP = $5.502 billion | GDP_PPP_year = 2023 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $51,352 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $3.827 billion | GDP_nominal_year = 2023 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $35,717 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | currency = [[Aruban florin]] (ƒ) | currency_code = AWG | timezone = [[Atlantic Time Zone|AST]] | utc_offset = – 4:00 | electricity = 127 V/60 Hz | drives_on = right | calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Aruba|+297]] | iso_code = | cctld = [[.aw]] | national_representation = | | image_map2 = [[File:Aruba World Wind.jpg|290px]] | image = | map_caption2 = Satellite view of Aruba }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruba
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Atlantic Ocean
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| basin_countries = [[List of countries and territories bordering the Atlantic Ocean|List of bordering countries (not drainage basin)]], [[List of ports and harbours of the Atlantic Ocean|ports]] | area = North Atlantic: , South Atlantic | depth = | max-depth = [[Puerto Rico Trench]] | volume = | shore = including marginal seas | islands = [[List of islands in the Atlantic Ocean|List of islands]] | trenches = [[Puerto Rico Trench|Puerto Rico]]; [[South Sandwich Trench|South Sandwich]]; [[Romanche Trench|Romanche]] | cities = [[List of ports and harbours of the Atlantic Ocean|List]] }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean
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Arthur Schopenhauer
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|birth_place = [[Gdańsk]] (Danzig), [[Crown of the Kingdom of Poland]], [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] |death_date = |death_place = [[Free City of Frankfurt|Frankfurt]], [[German Confederation]] |education = |relatives = |thesis_title = On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason |thesis_year=1813| thesis_url=https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/50966/pg50966-images.html |institutions = [[Humboldt University of Berlin|University of Berlin]] |school_tradition = [[Frederick C. Beiser]] reviews the commonly held position that Schopenhauer was a transcendental idealist and he rejects it: "Though it is deeply heretical from the standpoint of transcendental idealism, Schopenhauer's objective standpoint involves a form of ''[[Transcendental realism (Schopenhauer)|transcendental realism]]'', i.e. the assumption of the independent reality of the world of experience." (Beiser 2016, p. 40) * [[Metaphysical voluntarism]][https://www.britannica.com/topic/voluntarism-philosophy Voluntarism (philosophy)] – [[Britannica.com]] * [[Philosophical pessimism]] }} |main_interests = [[Metaphysics]], [[aesthetics]], [[ethics]], [[morality]], [[psychology]] |notable_ideas = }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Schopenhauer
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Angola
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| image_flag = Flag of Angola.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Angola.svg | symbol_type = Emblem | national_motto = |( )}} | national_anthem = ( )[[File:Angolan-National-Anthem-_US-Navy-Band.ogg]] | image_map = | map_caption = Major cities of Angola | capital = [[Luanda]] | religion = | religion_year = 2020 | religion_ref = | coordinates = | largest_city = capital | official_languages = [[Angolan Portuguese|Portuguese]] | languages2_type = National languages | languages2 = [[Chokwe language|Chokwe]], [[Kimbundu]], [[Kongo language|Kikongo]], [[Ovambo language|Oshiwambo]], [[Luchazi]], [[Umbundu]] | ethnic_groups = | ethnic_groups_ref = | ethnic_groups_year = 2021 | demonym = [[Demographics of Angola|Angolan]] | government_type = Unitary [[presidential republic]] | leader_title1 = [[President of Angola|President]] | leader_name1 = [[João Lourenço]] | leader_title2 = [[Vice President of Angola|Vice President]] | leader_name2 = [[Esperança da Costa]][https://rna.ao/rna.ao/2022/09/15/investidura-do-presidente-da-republica/ Investidura do Presidente da República] . Rádio Nacional de Angola. 15 September 2022. | legislature = [[National Assembly (Angola)|National Assembly]] | sovereignty_type = [[History of Angola|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Angolan War of Independence|Independence]] from [[Portugal]], under [[People's Republic of Angola|Communist rule]] | established_date1 = 11 November 1975 | established_event2 = [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 397|United Nations full membership]] | established_date2 = 22 November 1976 | established_event3 = [[Constitution of Angola|Current constitution]] | established_date3 = 21 January 2010 | area_km2 = 1246700 | area_rank = 22nd | area_sq_mi = 481354 | percent_water = negligible | population_estimate = 39,040,039https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/angola-population/ | population_estimate_year = 2025 | population_estimate_rank = 39st | population_density_km2 = 31 | population_density_sq_mi = 81 | population_density_rank = 157th | GDP_PPP = $260.323 billion | GDP_PPP_year = 2023 | GDP_PPP_rank = 62nd | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $7,077 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 129th | GDP_nominal = $93.796 billion | GDP_nominal_year = 2023 | GDP_nominal_rank = 61st | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $2,432 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 125th | Gini = 51.3 | Gini_year = 2018 | Gini_ref = | HDI = 0.616 | HDI_year = 2023 | HDI_change = increase | HDI_ref = | HDI_rank = 148th | currency = [[Angolan kwanza]] | currency_code = AOA | time_zone = [[West Africa Time|WAT]] | utc_offset = +1 | drives_on = Right | calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Angola|+244]] | cctld = [[.ao]] }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angola
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Politics of Angola
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The current political regime in Angola is presidentialism, in which the President of the Republic is also head of state and government; it is advised by a Council of Ministers, which together with the President form the national executive power. Legislative power rests with the 220 parliamentarians elected to the National Assembly. The President of the Republic, together with the parliament, appoints the majority of the members of the two highest bodies of the judiciary, that is, the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court. The judiciary is still made up of the Court of Auditors and the Supreme Military Court.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Angola
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Economy of Angola
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thumb|Change in per capita GDP of Angola, 1950–2018. Figures are inflation-adjusted to 2011 International dollars. Angola has a semi-planned economy, in which central planning directs the economy with the participation of private enterprises. The economy of Angola remains heavily influenced by the effects of four decades of conflict in the last part of the 20th century, the war for independence from Portugal (1961–75) and the subsequent civil war (1975–2002). Poverty since 2002 is reduced over 50% and a third of the population relies on subsistence agriculture. Since 2002, when the 27-year civil war ended, government policy prioritized the repair and improvement of infrastructure and strengthening of political and social institutions. During the first decade of the 21st century, Angola's economy was one of the fastest-growing in the world,Birgitte Refslund Sørensen and Marc Vincent. Caught Between Borders: Response Strategies of the Internally Displaced, 2001. Page 17. with reported annual average GDP growth of 11.1 percent from 2001 to 2010. High international oil prices and rising oil production contributed to strong economic growth, although with high inequality, at that time. 2022 trade surplus was $30 billion, compared to $48 billion in 2012.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Angola
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Angolan Armed Forces
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| image = | alt = | caption = | image2 = Angolan_Armed_Forces_emblem.png | alt2 = | caption2 = | motto = | founded = | current_form = 1993 | disbanded = | branches = [[Angolan Army]] [[Angolan Navy]] [[National Air Force of Angola|National Air Force]] | headquarters = [[Ministry of National Defence and Homeland Veterans (Angola)|Ministry of National Defence]], Rua 17 de Setembro, Luanda, AngolaMilitary Technology, World Defence Almanac, Vol. XXXII, Issue 1, 2008, p.301 | flying_hours = | website = | commander-in-chief = President [[João Lourenço]] | commander-in-chief_title = [[President of Angola|Commander-in-Chief]] | chief minister = | chief minister_title = | minister = [[João Ernesto dos Santos]] | minister_title = [[Minister of National Defence (Angola)|Minister of National Defence and Homeland Veterans]] | chief_of_staff = | chief_of_staff_title = | commander = General [[António Egídio de Sousa Santos]] | commander_title = [[Chief of General Staff (Angola)|Chief of General Staff]] | age = | conscription = 24 months | manpower_data = | manpower_age = | available = | available_f = | fit = | fit_f = | reaching = | reaching_f = | active = 107,000 | ranked = | reserve = | deployed = | amount = $7 billion (2014) | percent_GDP = 5.25% (2014) | domestic_suppliers = | foreign_suppliers = | imports = [http://www.vedomosti.md/news/Torgovlya_Oruzhiem_Pomoldavski Торговля оружием по-молдавски] — ''Молдавские ведомости'', February 10, 2009 | exports = | history = [[Angolan War of Independence]] [[South African Border War]] [[Angolan Civil War]] [[First Congo War]] [[Republic of the Congo Civil War (1997-99)|Second Brazzaville-Congolese Civil War]] [[Second Congo War]] [[2012 Guinea-Bissau coup d'état]] | ranks = [[Military ranks of Angola]] }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angolan_Armed_Forces
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Albert Sidney Johnston
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| death_date = | image = ASJohnston.jpg | signature = Albert Sidney Johnston signature.svg | caption = Johnston in uniform, | birth_place = [[Washington, Kentucky]], U.S. | death_place = [[Shiloh, Hardin County, Tennessee|Shiloh]], [[Tennessee]], U.S. | placeofburial = [[Texas State Cemetery]] | allegiance = | serviceyears = | rank = | branch = | branch_label = [[Military branch|Branch]] | unit = | commands = | battles = * [[Black Hawk War]] * Texas-Indian Wars ** [[Battle of the Neches]] * Mexican–American War ** [[Battle of Monterrey]] * [[Utah War]] * American Civil War ** [[Battle of Shiloh]] | awards = [[Hall of Honor (Texas Military)|Texas Military Hall of Honor]] | relations = }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Sidney_Johnston
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Android (robot)
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thumb|Repliee Q2, an android, can mimic human functions such as blinking, breathing and speaking, with the ability to recognize and process speech and touch, and then respond in kind. An android is a humanoid robot or other artificial being, often made from a flesh-like material. Historically, androids existed only in the domain of science fiction and were frequently seen in film and television, but advances in robot technology have allowed the design of functional and realistic humanoid robots.Ishiguro, Hiroshi. "Android science.", Cognitive Science Society, Osaka, 2005. Retrieved on 3 October 2013.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(robot)
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Alberta
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{{Infobox province or territory of Canada | name = Alberta | settlement_type = Province | image_flag = Flag of Alberta.svg | image_shield = Coat of arms of Alberta.svg | motto = | image_map = Alberta in Canada 2.svg | Label_map = yes | coordinates = | official_lang = English | capital = Edmonton | largest_city = Calgary | largest_metro = Calgary Region | Premier = Danielle Smith | government_type = Parliamentary constitutional monarchy | Viceroy = Salma Lakhani | ViceroyType = Lieutenant governor | Legislature = Legislative Assembly of Alberta | Former = Districts of Alberta, Assiniboia, Athabasca, Saskatchewan | AdmittanceOrder = 10th, with Saskatchewan | AdmittanceDate = (split from NWT) | area_rank = 6th | area_total_km2 = 661849 | area_land_km2 = 640082 | area_water_km2 = 19532 | PercentWater = 2.97 | population_demonym = Albertan | population_rank = 4th | population_total = 4368370 | population_ref = | population_as_of = 2021 | population_est = 4980659 | pop_est_as_of = Q2 2025 | pop_est_ref = | DensityRank = 6th | Density_km2 = 6.7 | GDP_total = $459.288 billion | GDP_rank = 3rd (provincial) | GDP_world_rank = ≈46th (see: List of countries by GDP (nominal) (if compared globally) | GDP_year = 2023 | GDP_nominal = $459.288 billion
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberta
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Actinopterygii
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{{Automatic taxobox | taxon = Actinopterygii | name = Ray-finned fish | fossil_range = Late Silurian–Present, | image = {{center|<imagemap> File:Actinopterygii.jpg||300px rect 0 0 333 232 Electric eel rect 0 232 333 470 Red-bellied piranha rect 0 696 333 470 Sockeye salmon rect 0 928 333 700 Peacock flounder rect 0 1160 333 930 Atlantic cod rect 0 1392 333 1160 Spotted gar
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinopterygii
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Albert Einstein
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Albert Einstein (14 March 187918 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who is best known for developing the theory of relativity. Einstein also made important contributions to quantum mechanics. His mass–energy equivalence formula , which arises from special relativity, has been called "the world's most famous equation". He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for .
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein
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Afghanistan
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Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and South Asia. It is bordered by Pakistan to the east and south, Iran to the west, Turkmenistan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, Tajikistan to the northeast, and China to the northeast and east. Occupying of land, the country is predominantly mountainous with plains in the north and the southwest, which are separated by the Hindu Kush mountain range. Kabul is the country's capital and largest city. Afghanistan's population is estimated to be between 36 and 50 million.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan
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Albania
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| common_name = Albania | image_flag = Flag of Albania.svg | alt_flag = Red flag with a black double-headed eagle in the centre | image_coat = [[File:Coat of arms of Albania.svg|60px]] | national_motto = "You Albania, you give me honour,you give me the name Albanian" | national_anthem = "Hymn to the Flag"[[File:Hymni i Flamurit instrumental.ogg]] | image_map = [[File:Location Albania Europe.png|225px|frameless]] | map_caption = Location of Albania (green) in [[Europe]] (dark grey) | capital = [[Tirana]] | largest_city = [[Tirana]] | coordinates = | official_languages = [[Albanian language|Albanian]] | languages2_type = Recognised minority languages | languages2 = | ethnic_groups = | ethnic_groups_ref = | ethnic_groups_year = 2023 | religion = * 50.67% [[Islam in Albania|Islam]] ** 45.86% [[Islam in Albania|Sunni]] ** 4.81% [[Bektashism in Albania|Bektashism]] | * 16.02% [[Christianity in Albania|Christianity]] ** 8.39% [[Catholic Church in Albania|Catholicism]] ** 7.23% [[Albanian Orthodox Church|Orthodoxy]] ** 0.40% [[Protestantism in Albania|Protestantism]] | 13.83% [[Irreligion in Albania|Irreligion]] | 3.55% [[Irreligion in Albania|atheism]] | 15.92% undeclared}} | religion_year = 2023 | religion_ref = | demonym = [[Albanians|Albanian]] | government_type = [[Unitary parliamentary republic]] | leader_title1 = [[President of Albania|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Bajram Begaj]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Albania|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Edi Rama]] | legislature = [[Parliament of Albania|Kuvendi]] | leader_title3 = [[Speaker of the Parliament of Albania|Parliament Speaker]] | leader_name3 = [[Elisa Spiropali]] | sovereignty_type = [[History of Albania|Establishment history]] | established_event1 = [[Principality of Arbanon]] | established_date1 = 1190 | established_event2 = [[Albanian principalities]] | established_date2 = 12th–15th centuries | established_event3 = [[Kingdom of Albania (medieval)|Kingdom of Albania]] | established_date3 = February 1272 | established_event4 = [[Principality of Albania (medieval)|Principality of Albania]] | established_date4 = 1359 | established_event5 = [[League of Lezhë]] | established_date5 = 2 March 1444 | established_event6 = [[Pashalik of Scutari]]/[[Pashalik of Janina|Janina]]/[[Pashalik of Berat|Berat]] | established_date6 = 1757/1787 | established_event7 = [[League of Prizren]] | established_date7 = 10 June 1878 | established_event8 = [[Independent Albania]] | established_date8 = 28 November 1912 | established_event9 = [[Principality of Albania]] | established_date9 = 29 July 1913 | established_event10 = [[Albanian Republic (1925–1928)|1st Republic of Albania]] | established_date10 = 31 January 1925 | established_event11 = [[Albanian Kingdom (1928–39)|Kingdom of Albania]] | established_date11 = 1 September 1928 | established_event12 = [[People's Republic of Albania|2nd Republic of Albania]] | established_date12 = 10 January 1946 | established_event13 = [[Constitution of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania|3rd Republic of Albania]] | established_date13 = 28 December 1976 | established_event14 = 4th Republic of Albania | established_date14 = 29 April 1991 | established_event15 = | established_date15 = 28 November 1998 | area_km2 = 28,748 | area_sq_mi = 11,100 | area_rank = 140th | percent_water = 4.7 | population_census = 2,402,113 | population_census_year = 2023 | population_census_rank = 142nd | population_density_km2 = 83.6 | GDP_PPP = $63.080 billion | GDP_PPP_rank = 118th | GDP_PPP_year = 2025 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $23,404 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 80th | GDP_nominal = $28.372 billion | GDP_nominal_rank = 125th | GDP_nominal_year = 2025 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $10,526 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 79th | Gini_year = 2021 | Gini = 29.4 | Gini_change = decrease | Gini_ref = | HDI_year = 2023 | HDI_change = increase | HDI = 0.810 | HDI_ref = | HDI_rank = 71st | currency = [[Albanian lek|Lek]] | currency_code = ALL | patron_saint = [[Our Lady of Good Counsel]] | time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | drives_on = right | calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Albania|+355]] | cctld = [[.al]] }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania
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Allah
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thumb|right|The word 'Allah' in thuluth calligraphy Allah ( ;"Allah". Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. , ) is an Arabic term for God, specifically the monotheistic God. Outside of Arabic languages, it is principally associated with Islam (in which it is also considered the proper name), although the term was used in pre-Islamic Arabia and continues to be used today by Arabic-speaking adherents of any of the Abrahamic religions, including Judaism and Christianity."Islam and Christianity", Encyclopedia of Christianity (2001): Arabic-speaking Christians and Jews also refer to God as Allāh. It is thought to be derived by contraction from al-ilāh (, ) and is linguistically related to God's names in other Semitic languages, such as Aramaic ( ) and Hebrew ( ).
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allah
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Algorithms (journal)
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Algorithms is a monthly peer-reviewed open-access scientific journal of mathematics, covering design, analysis, and experiments on algorithms. The journal is published by MDPI and was established in 2008. The founding editor-in-chief was Kazuo Iwama (Kyoto University). From May 2014 to September 2019, the editor-in-chief was Henning Fernau (Universität Trier). The current editor-in-chief is Frank Werner (Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg).
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithms_(journal)
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Azerbaijan
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| image_flag = Flag of Azerbaijan.svg | alt_flag = Three equally sized horizontal bands of blue, red, and green, with a white crescent and an eight-pointed star centered in the red band | image_coat = Emblem of Azerbaijan.svg | symbol_type = Emblem | national_anthem = "March of Azerbaijan" | image_map = | map_caption = | capital = [[Baku]] | largest_city = capital | coordinates = | official_languages = [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]] | ethnic_groups_year = 2019 | ethnic_groups = | languages_type = Minority languages | languages = [[Languages of Azerbaijan|See full list]] | religion = | demonym = | government_type = Unitary [[Semi-presidential system|semi-presidential republic]] under a [[hereditary dictatorship]] | leader_title1 = [[President of Azerbaijan|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Ilham Aliyev]] | leader_title2 = [[Vice President of Azerbaijan|Vice President]] | leader_name2 = [[Mehriban Aliyeva]] | leader_title3 = [[Prime Minister of Azerbaijan|Prime Minister]] | leader_name3 = [[Ali Asadov]] | legislature = [[National Assembly (Azerbaijan)|National Assembly]] | sovereignty_type = [[History of Azerbaijan|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Azerbaijan Democratic Republic|People's Republic]] | established_date1 = 28 May 1918 | established_event2 = [[Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic|Soviet Socialist Republic]] | established_date2 = 28 April 1920 | established_event3 = Independence from [[Soviet Union]] | established_date3 = | established_event4 = | established_date4 = 12 November 1995 | area_km2 = 86600 | area_rank = 112th | area_sq_mi = 33436 | percent_water = 1.6 | population_estimate = 10,353,296 | population_estimate_year = 2022 | population_estimate_rank = 90th | population_density_km2 = 117 | population_density_sq_mi = 293 | population_density_rank = 99th | GDP_PPP = $272 billion | GDP_PPP_year = 2024 | GDP_PPP_rank = 78th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $26,235 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 88th | GDP_nominal = 79 billion | GDP_nominal_year = 2024 | GDP_nominal_rank = 82nd | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $7,604 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 90th | Gini = 33.7 | Gini_year = 2008 | Gini_change = increase | Gini_ref = | HDI = 0.789 | HDI_year = 2023 | HDI_change = increase | HDI_ref = | HDI_rank = 81th | currency = [[Azerbaijani manat|Manat]] (₼) | currency_code = AZN | time_zone = [[Azerbaijan Time|AZT]] | utc_offset = +4 | calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Azerbaijan|+994]] | cctld = [[.az]] | religion_year = 2020 }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan
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Amateur astronomy
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thumb|right|250px|Amateur astronomers watch the night sky during the Perseid meteor shower. Amateur astronomy is a hobby where participants enjoy observing or imaging celestial objects in the sky using the unaided eye, binoculars, or telescopes. Even though scientific research may not be their primary goal, some amateur astronomers make contributions in doing citizen science, such as by monitoring variable stars, double stars, sunspots, or occultations of stars by the Moon or asteroids, or by discovering transient astronomical events, such as comets, galactic novae or supernovae in other galaxies.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amateur_astronomy
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Agnostida
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| image = Itagnostus interstrictus (White, 1874) - 8 mm 1.JPG | image_caption = ''Itagnostus interstrictus'' | display_parents = 3 | authority = [[John William Salter|Salter]], 1864 | synonyms = Isopygia Gürich, 1907 Miomera Jækel, 1909 | subdivision_ranks = Families | subdivision = '''Suborder [[Agnostina]]''' * '''Superfamily Agnostoidea''' ** [[Agnostidae]] ** [[Ammagnostidae]] ** [[Clavagnostidae]] ** [[Diplagnostidae]] ** [[Doryagnostidae]] ** [[Glyptagnostidae]] ** [[Metagnostidae]] ** [[Peronopsidae]] ** [[Ptychagnostidae]] ** [[Spinagnostidae]] * '''Superfamily [[Condylopygoidea]]''' ** [[Condylopygidae]] '''Suborder [[Eodiscina]]''' * '''Superfamily [[Eodiscoidea]]''' ** [[Calodiscidae]] ** [[Eodiscidae]] ** [[Hebediscidae]] ** [[Tsunyidiscidae]] ** [[Weymouthiidae]] ** [[Yukoniidae]] }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnostida
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Abortion
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Abortion is the termination of a pregnancy by removal or expulsion of an embryo or fetus. The unmodified word abortion generally refers to induced abortion, or deliberate actions to end a pregnancy. Abortion occurring without intervention is known as spontaneous abortion or "miscarriage", and occurs in roughly 30–40% of all pregnancies. Common reasons for inducing an abortion are birth-timing and limiting family size. Other reasons include maternal health, an inability to afford a child, domestic violence, lack of support, feelings of being too young, wishing to complete an education or advance a career, and not being able, or willing, to raise a child conceived as a result of rape or incest.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abortion
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American Revolutionary War
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{{Infobox military conflict | conflict = American Revolutionary War | partof = the American Revolution, the Anglo-French War between 1778 and 1783, the Anglo-Spanish War between 1779 and 1783, and the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War | image = | image_size = | date = April 19, 1775September 3, 1783()Ratification effective: May 12, 1784 | place = Eastern North America, North Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean | result = American and allied victory Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence in 1776. Great Britain would not recognize American independence until signing the Treaty of Paris. Peace of Paris End of the First British EmpireSimms 2009, pp. 615–618 | territory = Great Britain cedes generally, all mainland territories east of the Mississippi River, south of the Great Lakes, and north of the Floridas to the United States. Great Britain cedes Tobago and Senegal to France. Great Britain cedes Menorca, West Florida, and East Florida to Spain. | combatant1 = Patriots: (1775) United Colonies (1775–1776) | combatant1a = Combatants | combatant2 = Loyalists Quebec Nova Scotia West Florida East Florida | combatant2a = Combatants | commander1 = | commander2 = | strength1 = | strength2 = {{Unbulleted list |Great Britain:
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War
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Ampere
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The ampere ( , ; symbol: A), often shortened to amp,SI supports only the use of symbols and deprecates the use of abbreviations for units. is the unit of electric current in the International System of Units (SI). One ampere is equal to 1 coulomb (C) moving past a point per second. It is named after French mathematician and physicist André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836), considered the father of electromagnetism along with Danish physicist Hans Christian Ørsted.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere
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Algorithm
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thumb|Flowchart of using successive subtractions to find the greatest common divisor of number r and s|alt=In a loop, subtract the larger number against the smaller number. Halt the loop when the subtraction will make a number negative. Assess two numbers, whether one of them is equal to zero or not. If yes, take the other number as the greatest common divisor. If no, put the two numbers in the subtraction loop again. In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm () is a finite sequence of mathematically rigorous instructions, typically used to solve a class of specific problems or to perform a computation. Algorithms are used as specifications for performing calculations and data processing. More advanced algorithms can use conditionals to divert the code execution through various routes (referred to as automated decision-making) and deduce valid inferences (referred to as automated reasoning).
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithm
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Annual plant
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right|thumb|240px|Peas are an annual plant. An annual plant is a plant that completes its life cycle, from germination to the production of seeds, within one growing season, and then dies. Globally, 6% of all plant species and 15% of herbaceous plants (excluding trees and shrubs) are annuals. The annual life cycle has independently emerged in over 120 different plant families throughout the entire angiosperm phylogeny.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annual_plant
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Mouthwash
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thumb|Range of mouthwashes by Listerine Mouthwash, mouth rinse, oral rinse, or mouth bath is a liquid which is held in the mouth passively or swirled around the mouth by contraction of the perioral muscles and/or movement of the head, and may be gargled, where the head is tilted back and the liquid bubbled at the back of the mouth.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouthwash
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Alexander the Great
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Alexander III of Macedon (; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), most commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon. He succeeded his father Philip II to the throne in 336 BC at the age of 20 and spent most of his ruling years conducting a lengthy military campaign throughout Western Asia, Central Asia, parts of South Asia, and Egypt. By the age of 30, he had created one of the largest empires in history, stretching from Greece to northwestern India.Bloom, Jonathan M.; Blair, Sheila S. (2009), The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture: Mosul to Zirid, Volume 3. (Oxford University Press Incorporated, 2009), 385; "[Khojand, Tajikistan]; As the easternmost outpost of the empire of Alexander the Great, the city was renamed Alexandria Eschate ("furthest Alexandria") in 329 BCE."Golden, Peter B. Central Asia in World History (Oxford University Press, 2011), 25;"[...] his campaigns in Central Asia brought Khwarazm, Sogdia, and Bactria under Graeco-Macedonian rule. As elsewhere, Alexander founded or renamed a number of cities, such as Alexandria Eschate ("Outernmost Alexandria," near modern Khojent in Tajikistan)." He was undefeated in battle and is widely considered to be one of history's greatest and most successful military commanders.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_the_Great
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Alfred Korzybski
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Alfred Habdank Skarbek Korzybski (; ; July 3, 1879 – March 1, 1950) was a Polish-American philosopher and independent scholar who developed a field called general semantics, which he viewed as both distinct from, and more encompassing than, the field of semantics. He argued that human knowledge of the world is limited both by the human nervous system and the languages humans have developed, and thus no one can have direct access to reality, given that the most we can know is that which is filtered through the brain's responses to reality. His best known dictum is "The map is not the territory". Many of his ideas were presented in his book Science and Sanity (1933).
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Korzybski
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Asteroids (video game)
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|'''Game Boy''' }} | publisher = | }} '''Atari 7800''' '''Game Boy''' }} | designer = [[Lyle Rains]][[Ed Logg]] | programmer = Ed Logg | platforms = [[Arcade video game|Arcade]], [[Atari 2600]], [[Atari 7800]], [[Atari 8-bit]], [[Game Boy]] | released = |'''Arcade''' |JP|January 1980 }} '''2600''' }} '''Atari 8-bit''' '''7800''' }} '''Game Boy''' }} | genre = [[Multidirectional shooter]] | modes = [[Single-player video game|Single-player]], [[Multiplayer video game|multiplayer]] }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroids_(video_game)
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Asparagales
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Asparagales (asparagoid lilies) are a diverse order of flowering plants in the monocots. Under the APG IV system of flowering plant classification, Asparagales are the largest order of monocots with 14 families, 1,122 genera, and about 36,000 species, with members as varied as asparagus, orchids, yuccas, irises, onions, garlic, leeks, and other Alliums, daffodils, snowdrops, amaryllis, agaves, butcher's broom, Agapanthus, Solomon's seal, hyacinths, bluebells, spider plants, grasstrees, aloe, freesias, gladioli, crocuses, and saffron.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asparagales
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Asterales
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| subdivision_ranks = Families | subdivision = *[[Alseuosmiaceae]] *[[Argophyllaceae]] *[[Asteraceae]] - Asters *[[Calyceraceae]] *[[Campanulaceae]] (incl. Lobeliaceae) - Bellflowers *[[Goodeniaceae]] (incl. Brunoniaceae) *[[Menyanthaceae]] *[[Pentaphragmataceae]] *[[Phellinaceae]] *[[Rousseaceae]] (incl. Carpodetaceae) *[[Stylidiaceae]] (incl. Donatiaceae) }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asterales
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Aries (constellation)
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Aries is one of the constellations of the zodiac. It is located in the Northern celestial hemisphere between Pisces to the west and Taurus to the east. The name Aries is Latin for ram. Its traditional astrological symbol is 20px (♈︎). It is one of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy, and remains one of the 88 modern constellations. It is a mid-sized constellation ranking 39th in overall size, with an area of 441 square degrees (1.1% of the celestial sphere).
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aries_(constellation)
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Aquarius (constellation)
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, genitive | symbolism = the Water-Bearer | RA = – | dec= – | family = [[Zodiac]] | areatotal = 980 | arearank = 10th | numbermainstars = 10, 22 | numberbfstars = 97 | numberbrightstars = 2 | numbernearbystars = 7 | brighteststarname = [[β Aqr]] (Sadalsuud) | starmagnitude = 2.91 | neareststarname = [[EZ Aqr]] | stardistancely = 11.27 | stardistancepc = 3.45 | numbermessierobjects = 3 | meteorshowers = March Aquariids [[Eta Aquariids]][[Delta Aquariids]] Iota Aquariids | bordering = [[Pisces (constellation)|Pisces]][[Pegasus (constellation)|Pegasus]][[Equuleus]][[Delphinus]][[Aquila (constellation)|Aquila]][[Capricornus]][[Piscis Austrinus]][[Sculptor (constellation)|Sculptor]][[Cetus]] | latmax = [[65th parallel north|65]] | latmin = [[South Pole|90]] | month = October | notes= }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquarius_(constellation)
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Anime
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}} * [[Manga]] * [[Manhua]] * [[Manhwa]] * [[OVA]]/[[original net animation|ONA]] * [[Light novel]] * [[Visual novel]] |image=[[File:TVアニメ「ヒロインたるもの！～嫌われヒロインと内緒のお仕事～」第2弾PV - 4月7日（木）放送開始.webm|thumbtime=1:43|alt=A frame from an anime, showing a boy and a girl in track outfits, with the boy playfully pulling her along. The girl looks surprised, while the boy shows excitement.]]|caption=Trailer for the 2022 anime ''[[Heroines Run the Show]]'' |notable publishers=[[List of anime companies]]|notable series=[[Lists of anime]]}}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anime
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Ankara
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Ankara is the capital city of Turkey and the largest capital by area in the world. Located in the central part of Anatolia, the city has a population of 5,290,822 in its urban center (Etimesgut, Yenimahalle, Çankaya, Keçiören, Altındağ, Pursaklar, Mamak, Gölbaşı, Sincan) and 5,864,049 in Ankara Province (total of 25 districts). Ankara is Turkey's second-largest city by population after Istanbul, first by urban land area, and third by metro land area after Konya and Sivas.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankara
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Arabic
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( ) | pronunciation = | states = [[Arab world]] and surrounding regions | ethnicity = [[Arabs]], and other [[Demographics of the Arab world|ethnic groups of the Arab world]] | speakers = million native speakers of all [[Varieties of Arabic|varieties]] | date = 2020–2024 | ref = | speakers2 = million [[L2 speakers|L2 users]] of all [[Varieties of Arabic|varieties]] (2020–2024) | speakers_label = Speakers | familycolor = Afro-Asiatic | fam2 = [[Semitic languages|Semitic]] | fam3 = [[West Semitic languages|West Semitic]] | fam4 = [[Central Semitic languages|Central Semitic]] | dia1 = [[Central Asian Arabic|Central Asian]] | dia2 = [[Chadian Arabic|Chadian]] | dia3 = [[Egyptian Arabic|Egyptian]] | dia4 = [[Levantine Arabic|Levantine]] | dia5 = [[Maghrebi Arabic|Maghrebi]] | dia6 = [[Mesopotamian Arabic|Mesopotamian]] | dia7 = [[Peninsular Arabic|Peninsular]] | dia8 = [[Saʽidi Arabic|Saʽidi]] | dia9 = [[Shirvani Arabic|Shirvani]] | dia10 = [[Sudanese Arabic|Sudanese]] | stand1 = [[Modern Standard Arabic]] | script = [[Arabic alphabet]] | nation = |[[Iraq]] |[[Jordan]] |[[Kuwait]] |[[Lebanon]] |[[Libya]] |[[Mali]] |[[Mauritania]] |[[Morocco]] |[[Oman]] |[[Palestine]] |[[Qatar]] |[[Saudi Arabia]] |[[Somalia]] |[[Sudan]] |[[Syria]] |[[Tunisia]] |[[United Arab Emirates]] |[[Yemen]] |[[Zanzibar]] ([[Tanzania]]) |[[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] (partially recognized state) ||[[Somaliland]] (unrecognized state) }} |[[Pakistan]] }} | minority = |[[Israel]] |[[Mali]] |[[Niger]] |[[Philippines]]Constitution of the Philippines, Article XIV, Sec 7: For purposes of communication and instruction, the official languages of the Philippines are Filipino and, until otherwise provided by law, English. The regional languages are the auxiliary official languages in the regions and shall serve as auxiliary media of instruction therein. Spanish and Arabic shall be promoted on a voluntary and optional basis. |[[Senegal]] |[[South Africa]] }} | agency = | iso1 = ar | iso2 = ara | iso3 = ara | lc1 = arq | ld1 = [[Algerian Arabic]] | lc2 = xaa | ld2 = [[Andalusi Arabic]] | lc3 = abv | ld3 = [[Bahrani Arabic]] | lc4 = avl | ld4 = [[Bedawi Arabic]] | lc5 = shu | ld5 = [[Chadian Arabic]] | lc6 = acy | ld6 = [[Cypriot Arabic]] | lc7 = adf | ld7 = [[Dhofari Arabic]] | lc8 = arz | ld8 = [[Egyptian Arabic]] | lc9 = acm | ld9 = [[Gelet Arabic|Gelet Iraqi Arabic]] | lc10 = afb | ld10 = [[Gulf Arabic]] | lc11 = ayh | ld11 = [[Hadhrami Arabic]] | lc12 = mey | ld12 = [[Hassaniya Arabic]] | lc13 = acw | ld13 = [[Hejazi Arabic]] | lc14 = apc | ld14 = [[Levantine Arabic]] | lc15 = ayl | ld15 = [[Libyan Arabic]] | lc16 = ary | ld16 = [[Moroccan Arabic]] | lc17 = ars | ld17 = [[Najdi Arabic]] | lc18 = acx | ld18 = [[Omani Arabic]] | lc19 = ayp | ld19 = [[Moslawi Arabic|Qeltu Iraqi Arabic]] | lc20 = aao | ld20 = [[Saharan Arabic]] | lc21 = aec | ld21 = [[Saʽidi Arabic]] | lc22 = ayn | ld22 = [[Sanʽani Arabic]] | lc23 = ssh | ld23 = [[Shihhi Arabic]] | lc24 = sqr | ld24 = [[Siculo-Arabic]] | lc25 = arb | ld25 = [[Standard Arabic]] | lc26 = apd | ld26 = [[Sudanese Arabic]] | lc27 = acq | ld27 = [[Taʽizzi-Adeni Arabic]] | lc28 = abh | ld28 = [[Tajiki Arabic]] | lc29 = aeb | ld29 = [[Tunisian Arabic]] | lc30 = auz | ld30 = [[Uzbeki Arabic]] | lingua = 12-AAC | image = Arabic albayancalligraphy.svg | imagescale = 0.7 | imagecaption = ''' ''' in written Arabic ([[Naskh (script)|Naskh script]]) | notice = IPA | ancestor = [[Proto-Afroasiatic]] | ancestor2 = [[Proto-Semitic]] | ancestor3 = [[Proto-Arabic]] | ancestor4 = [[Old Arabic]] | ancestor5 = [[Pre-classical Arabic]] | sign = | glotto = arab1395 | glottorefname = Arabic | map = Arabic speaking world.svg | mapcaption = }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic
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Alfred Hitchcock
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Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock (13 August 1899 – 29 April 1980) was an English film director. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in the history of cinema. In a career spanning six decades, he directed over 50 feature films, many of which are still widely watched and studied today. Known as the "Master of Suspense", Hitchcock became as well known as any of his actors thanks to his many interviews, his cameo appearances in most of his films, and his hosting and producing the television anthology Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1955–65). His films garnered 46 Academy Award nominations, including six wins, although he never won the award for Best Director, despite five nominations.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock
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Anaconda
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| image = Eunectes murinus2.jpg | image_caption = Green anaconda (''[[Green anaconda|E. murinus]]'') | taxon = Eunectes | authority = [[Johann Georg Wagler|Wagler]], 1830 | type_species = ''[[Eunectes murinus|Boa murina]]'' | type_species_authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]) | range_map = Anaconda Range.jpg | range_map_caption = Range of ''Eunectes'' | synonyms = *''Draco'' [[Lorenz Oken|Oken]], 1816 }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaconda
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Altaic languages
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The Altaic () languages was a proposed, now obsolete widely rejected language family, comprising the Turkic, Mongolic and Tungusic language families, with some linguists having included the Koreanic and Japonic families. The proposed Altaic language family is no longer considered valid, as linguistic similarities among Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic languages are better explained by areal convergence within a Sprachbund, rather than by a shared genetic lineage—a phenomenon observed cross-linguistically in diverse language families worldwide.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altaic_languages
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Austrian German
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Austrian German (), Austrian Standard German (ASG), Standard Austrian German (), Austrian High German (), or simply just Austrian (), is the variety of Standard German written and spoken in Austria and South Tyrol.Dollinger, Stefan. 2021. Österreichisches Deutsch oder Deutsch in Österreich? Identitäten im 21. Jahrhundert. 3rd ed. Vienna: nap, p. 14, https://www.nid-library.com/Home/ViewBook/512/16/view It has the highest sociolinguistic prestige locally, as it is the variation used in the media and for other formal situations. In less formal situations, Austrians use Bavarian and Alemannic dialects, which are traditionally spoken but rarely written in Austria. It has been standardized with the publishing of the Österreichisches Wörterbuch in 1951.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_German
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Axiom of choice
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thumb|250px|Illustration of the axiom of choice, with each set Si represented as a jar and its elements represented as marbles. Each element xi is represented as a marble on the right. Colors are used to suggest a functional association of marbles after adopting the choice axiom. The existence of such a choice function is in general independent of ZF for collections of infinite cardinality, even if all Si are finite. thumb|250px|(Si) is an infinite indexed family of sets indexed over the real numbers R; that is, there is a set Si for each real number i, with a small sample shown above. Each set contains at least one, and possibly infinitely many, elements. The axiom of choice allows us to select a single element from each set, forming a corresponding family of elements (xi) also indexed over the real numbers, with xi drawn from Si. In general, the collections may be indexed over any set I, (called index set whose elements are used as indices for elements in a set) not just R.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiom_of_choice
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Attila
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453 | predecessor = [[Bleda]] and [[Rugila|Ruga]] | successor = [[Ellac]], [[Dengizich]], [[Ernak]] | birth_date = Unknown date, | birth_place = | death_date = (aged 46–47)}} | death_place = | burial_place = | spouse = [[Kreka]] and [[Ildico]] | issue = | father = [[Mundzuk]] | religion = | module = }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attila
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Amsterdam
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| image_alt = | image_flag = Flag of Amsterdam.svg | flag_size = | flag_alt = | image_shield = Coat of arms of Amsterdam.svg | shield_size = | shield_alt = | image_blank_emblem = Logo of Gemeente Amsterdam.svg | blank_emblem_type = [[Logo]] | nicknames = The [[Venice of the North]], [[Mokum]], Damsko | motto = [[Coat of arms of Amsterdam|Heldhaftig, Vastberaden, Barmhartig]] (''Valiant, Steadfast, Compassionate'') | image_map = Amsterdam_location_map.svg | map_caption = Location of Amsterdam municipality | mapsize = 250px | pushpin_map = Netherlands#Europe | pushpin_map_caption = Location within the Netherlands##Location within Europe | pushpin_relief = 1 | coordinates = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = [[Netherlands]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of the Netherlands|Province]] | subdivision_name1 = [[North Holland]] | subdivision_type2 = [[List of regions of the Netherlands|Region]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Metropolitan Region Amsterdam]] | parts_type = | parts_style = coll | parts = 7 [[Boroughs of Amsterdam|boroughs]], 1 urban area | p1 = [[Amsterdam-Centrum|Centrum]] | p2 = [[Amsterdam Nieuw-West|Nieuw-West]] | p3 = [[Amsterdam-Noord|Noord]] | p4 = [[Amsterdam-Oost|Oost]] | p5 = [[Weesp]] | p6 = [[Amsterdam-West|West]] | p7 = [[Amsterdam-Zuid|Zuid]] | p8 = [[Amsterdam-Zuidoost|Zuidoost]] | established_title = Founded | established_date = | seat_type = [[Seat of local government|City Hall]] | seat = [[Stopera]] | government_footnotes = | governing_body = [[Municipal council (Netherlands)|Municipal council]] | leader_party = | leader_title = [[List of mayors of Amsterdam|Mayor]] | leader_name = [[Femke Halsema]] ([[GroenLinks|GL]]) | total_type = [[Municipalities of the Netherlands|Municipality]] | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 219.32 | area_land_km2 = 165.76 | area_water_km2 = 53.56 | area_blank1_title = [[Metropolitan Region Amsterdam|Metro region]] | area_blank1_km2 = 2580.26 | area_blank2_title = [[Randstad]] | area_blank2_km2 = 6296.91 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = -2 | elevation_min_m = | elevation_max_footnotes = | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = | population_as_of = June 2024 | population_total = 933,680 | population_urban = 1,477,213 | population_blank1_title = [[Metropolitan Region Amsterdam|Metro region]] | population_blank1 = 2,480,394 | population_blank2_title = [[Randstad]] | population_blank2 = 8,116,000 | population_demonym = Amsterdammer | demographics_type2 = GDP | demographics2_footnotes = | demographics2_title1 = Municipality | demographics2_info1 = | demographics2_title2 = [[Metropolitan Region Amsterdam|Metro region]] | demographics2_info2 = €201.100 billion (2022) | demographics2_title3 = [[Randstad]] | demographics2_info3 = €510.181 billion (2022) | postal_code_type = [[Postal codes in the Netherlands|Postcode]] | postal_code = 1000–1183 | area_code = 020 | area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in the Netherlands|Area code]] | blank_name_sec2 = [[GeoTLD]] | blank_info_sec2 = [[.amsterdam]] | website = | mapframe = yes | mapframe-wikidata = yes | mapframe-zoom = 9 | elevation_max_m = | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdam
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Audi
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}} | founder = [[August Horch]] | area_served = Worldwide | key_people = [[Gernot Döllner]](chairman of the Board of Management & Board of Management Member for Technical Development and Product Lines | industry = [[Automotive industry|Automotive]] | products = [[Luxury vehicle]]s | production = 1,692,548 units | revenue = €64.532 [[1,000,000,000 (number)|billion]] (2024) | operating_income = €3.903 billion (2024) | net_income = €4.189 billion (2024) | assets = €73.097 billion (2024) | equity = €35.882 billion (2024) | num_employees = 88,604 (12/2024) | parent = [[Volkswagen Group]] | divisions = | subsid = | footnotes = Audi History: Chronicle, }} 2011 Annual Financial Report |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923191233/http://www.audi.com/etc/medialib/ngw/company/investor_relations/pdf/finanzberichte/geschaeftsberichte5.Par.0015.File.pdf/jahresfinanzbericht.pdf |archive-date=23 September 2015 }} | caption = | foundation = }} | location_city = [[Ingolstadt]] | location_country = Germany | locations = 13 production facilities in 10 countries | website = }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audi
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Alfred Nobel
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Alfred Noble}} | birth_place = [[Stockholm]], Sweden | death_date = | death_place = [[Sanremo]], [[Liguria]], [[Kingdom of Italy]] | resting_place = [[Norra begravningsplatsen]], [[Solna]], Sweden | resting_place_coordinates = | monuments = [[Nobel Monument]], New York City, U.S. | occupation = | known_for = | parents = | family = [[Nobel family|Nobel]] | signature = Alfred Nobel Signature.svg }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel
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Anatolia
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| local_name = ([[Turkish language|Turkish]])}} | image_name = Anatolia composite NASA.png | image_caption = Satellite imagery centered on Anatolia, which accounts for the bulk of modern-day [[Turkey]] | image_map = Map of the geographic region of Anatolia.png | image_map_caption = Map of Anatolia (dark green), which according to one definition is delineated by an imprecise line from the [[Gulf of Alexandretta]] to the [[Black Sea]]. According to another definition, it is coterminous with the Asian part of Turkey. * : "Thrace, its European area, is about the size of Vermont at 9,412 square mi (24,378 square km). Its Asian area (Asia Minor) is called Anatolia and covers 291,971 square mi (756,202 square km)" * : "Anatolia, [Gr.=sunrise], Asiatic part of Turkey; its area covers 97% of all Turkey" * : "About 97% of the country is in Asia Minor (Anatolia) and 3% in Europe (Thrace)" * : "the 97% of the country in Asia is referred to as Anatolia" * : "Anatolia, the peninsula of land that today constitutes the Asian portion of Turkey" * * * : "The Asian part of the country is known by a variety of names--Asia Minor, Asiatic Turkey, the Anatolian Plateau, and Anatolia (Anadolu)" | coordinates = | etymology = 'The East' (from , ) | location = [[West Asia]] | island_type = [[Peninsula]] | area_km2 = 537,886 | area_footnotes = | country_largest_city = [[Ankara]] | country_largest_city_population = 5,803,482 | demonym = Anatolian | population = | languages = * }} | ethnic_groups = *Minority: [[Kurds in Turkey|Kurds]] and [[Minorities in Turkey|other peoples]]}} | timezone1 = [[Time in Turkey|TRT]] | utc_offset1 = +03:00 }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatolia
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Apple Inc.
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| type = [[Public company|Public]] | traded_as = | [[Nasdaq-100]] component | [[DJIA]] component | [[S&P 100]] component | [[S&P 500]] component}} | ISIN = | industry = | founded = , in [[Los Altos, California]], U.S. | founders = | hq_location = [[1 Apple Park Way]] | hq_location_city = | hq_location_country = U.S. | num_locations = 535 [[Apple Store]]s | num_locations_year = 2025 | area_served = Worldwide | key_people = | products = | brands = | services = | revenue = | revenue_year = [[Fiscal year|FY]]24 | operating_income = | income_year = FY24 | net_income = | net_income_year = FY24 | assets = | assets_year = FY24 | equity = | equity_year = FY24 | num_employees = 164,000 | num_employees_year = FY24 | subsid = | website = | footnotes = Financials .References: [https://businesssearch.sos.ca.gov/Document/RetrievePDF?Id=00806592-5959973 Certificate of Amendment of Articles of Incorporation] , November 17, 1977. California Secretary of State[https://businesssearch.sos.ca.gov/Document/RetrievePDF?Id=00806592-6322847 Certificate of Ownership] , January 9, 2007. California Secretary of State. | module = }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc.
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American Civil War
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}} | image_size = 300 | date = April 12, 1861 May 26, 1865 | . "Lee's surrender left Johnston with no place to go. On April 26, near Durham, N.C., the Army of Tennessee laid down its arms before Sherman's forces. With the surrender of isolated forces in the Trans-Mississippi West on May 4, 11, and 26, the most costly war in American history came to an end." | . "[A]nd on May 26 he [E. Kirby Smith] surrendered and the war was over." | . "By 26 May, General Edward Kirby Smith had surrendered the Rebel forces in the trans-Mississippi west. The war was over." | . "The sheer weight of scholarship has leaned toward portraying the surrenders of the Confederate armies as the end of the war."}}}} . A footnote in Gienapp shows the excerpt was taken from an edited version of the diaries by Allan Nevins and Milton Halsey Thomas, eds., ''The Diary of George Templeton Strong'', vol. 2 (New York: The Macmillan Company), pp. 600–601, which differs from the volume and page numbers of the original diaries; the page in Strong's original handwriting is shown at }} )}} | place = [[United States]], [[Atlantic Ocean]] | result = [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] victory | territory = Dissolution of the [[Confederate States of America]] | combatant1 = [[Union (American Civil War)|United States]] | combatant2 = | commander1 = [[Abraham Lincoln]] * [[Ulysses S. Grant]] * ''[[Military leadership in the American Civil War#The United States (The Union)|and others...]]'' }} | commander2 = [[Jefferson Davis]] * [[Robert E. Lee]] * ''[[Military leadership in the American Civil War#The Confederate States (The Confederacy)|and others...]]'' }} | strength1 = * 2,200,000 total }} | strength2 = * 750,000–1,000,000 total }} | casualties1 = or ]] * 230,000+ died from accidents or disease * 25,000–30,000 died in Confederate prisons * '''365,000+ total dead''' }} ---- * '''828,000+ total casualties''' }} | casualties2 = or ]] * 164,000+ died from accidents or disease * 26,000–31,000 died in Union prisons * '''290,000+ total dead''' }} ---- * '''864,000+ total casualties''' }} | casualties3 = . "The rough 19th century estimate was that 60,000 former slaves died from the epidemic, but doctors treating black patients often claimed that they were unable to keep accurate records due to demands on their time and the lack of manpower and resources. The surviving records only include the number of black patients whom doctors encountered; tens of thousands of other slaves had no contact with army doctors, leaving no records of their deaths." * '''616,222Toward a Social History of the American Civil War Exploratory Essays, Cambridge University Press, 1990, p. 4.–1,000,000+ total dead''' . "An 2 April 2012 New York Times article, 'New Estimate Raises Civil War Death Toll', reports that a new study ratchets up the death toll from an estimated 650,000 to a staggering 850,000 people. As horrific as this new number is, it fails to reflect the mortality of former slaves during the war. If former slaves were included in this figure, the Civil War death toll would likely be over a million casualties ...".}} | conflict = American Civil War }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War
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Andy Warhol
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Andy Warhol (;Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary: "Warhol" born Andrew Warhola Jr.; August 6, 1928 – February 22, 1987) was an American visual artist, film director and producer. A leading figure in the pop art movement, Warhol is considered one of the most important American artists of the second half of the 20th century. His works explore the relationship between artistic expression, advertising, and celebrity culture that flourished by the 1960s, and span a variety of media, including painting, sculpture, photography, and filmmaking. Some of his best-known works include the silkscreen paintings Campbell's Soup Cans (1962) and Marilyn Diptych (1962), the experimental film Chelsea Girls (1966), the multimedia events known as the Exploding Plastic Inevitable (1966–67), and the erotic film Blue Movie (1969) that started the "Golden Age of Porn".
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy_Warhol
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Alp Arslan
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Alp Arslan, born Muhammad Alp Arslan bin Dawud Chaghri, was the second sultan of the Seljuk Empire and great-grandson of Seljuk, the eponymous founder of the dynasty and the empire. He greatly expanded Seljuk territories and consolidated his power, defeating rivals to the south, east and northwest. His victory over the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 ushered in the Turkoman settlement of Anatolia. "But the Battle of Manzikert opened Asia Minor to Turkmen conquest"
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alp_Arslan
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Akira Kurosawa
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| birth_date = | birth_place = [[Tokyo]], Japan | death_date = }} | death_place = Tokyo, Japan | resting_place = [[An'yō-in (Kamakura)|An'yō-in]], Japan | occupation = Filmmaker | years_active = 1936–1993 | spouse = | children = 2, including [[Kazuko Kurosawa|Kazuko]] | signature = Akira Kurosawa Signature.svg }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa
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Ancient Egypt
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30 BC | year_start = | common_languages = [[Egyptian language]] | year_end = 30 BC | event_start = Unification of [[Upper and Lower Egypt]] | date_start = | event1 = [[Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)|Early Dynastic Period]] | date_event1 = – 2686 BC | event2 = | date_event2 = 2686 BC – 2181 BC | event3 = | date_event3 = 2134 BC – 1690 BC | event4 = | date_event4 = }} | event5 = | date_event5 = 664 BC – 332 BC | event6 = | date_event6 = 332 BC – 30 BC | event_end = [[War of Actium|Annexation by the Roman Empire]] | p1 = Predynastic Egypt | s1 = Roman Egypt }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypt
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Analog Brothers
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Analog Brothers were an experimental hip hop band featuring Tracy "Ice-T" Marrow (Ice Oscillator) on keyboards, drums and vocals, Keith "Kool Keith" Thornton (Keith Korg) on bass, strings and vocals, Marc Live (Marc Moog) on drums, violins and vocals, Christopher "Black Silver" Rodgers (Silver Synth) on synthesizer, lazar bell and vocals, and Rex Colonel "Pimpin' Rex" Doby Jr. (Rex Roland JX3P) on keyboards, vocals and production.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_Brothers
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MessagePad
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| discontinued = | price = | connectivity = | lifespan = | unitssold = | media = | os = [[Newton OS]] | input = | camera = | power = | cpu = [[ARM architecture family#Advanced RISC Machines Ltd. – ARM6|ARM 610 RISC]] | storage = | memory = 4-8 MB (ROM)640 KB-4 MB (RAM)0-4 MB (Flash) (varies with model) | display = | audio = | service = | dimensions = | weight = with battery | touchpad = | successor = [[iPad (1st generation)]] | related = }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MessagePad
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A. E. van Vogt
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| pseudonym = | birth_name = Alfred Vogt | birth_date = | birth_place = Edenburg, near [[Gretna, Manitoba]], Canada | death_date = | death_place = Los Angeles, California, US | occupation = Writer | period = 1939–1986 (science fiction) | genre = Science fiction | movement = [[Golden Age of Science Fiction]] | spouse = * }} | signature = A.E. van Vogt (signature).svg }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._E._van_Vogt
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Anna Kournikova
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|native_name_lang = ru |birth_date = |birth_place = Moscow, [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]], Soviet Union |height = |partner = [[Enrique Iglesias]] (2001–present) |module = |singlestitles = 0 |highestsinglesranking = No. 8 (20 November 2000) |AustralianOpenresult = QF ([[2001 Australian Open – Women's singles|2001]]) |FrenchOpenresult = 4R ([[1998 French Open – Women's singles|1998]], [[1999 French Open – Women's singles|1999]]) |Wimbledonresult = SF ([[1997 Wimbledon Championships – Women's singles|1997]]) |USOpenresult = 4R ([[1996 US Open – Women's singles|1996]], [[1998 US Open – Women's singles|1998]]) |Othertournaments = yes |WTAChampionshipsresult = SF ([[2000 WTA Tour Championships|2000]]) |Olympicsresult = 1R ([[Tennis at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Women's singles|1996]]) |doublesrecord = 200–71 |doublestitles = 16 |highestdoublesranking = [[List of WTA number 1 ranked doubles tennis players|No. '''1''']] (22 November 1999) |AustralianOpenDoublesresult = '''W''' ([[1999 Australian Open – Women's doubles|1999]], [[2002 Australian Open – Women's doubles|2002]]) |FrenchOpenDoublesresult = F ([[1999 French Open – Women's doubles|1999]]) |WimbledonDoublesresult = SF ([[2000 Wimbledon Championships – Women's doubles|2000]], [[2002 Wimbledon Championships – Women's doubles|2002]]) |USOpenDoublesresult = QF ([[1996 US Open – Women's doubles|1996]], [[2002 US Open – Women's doubles|2002]]) |OthertournamentsDoubles = yes |WTAChampionshipsDoublesresult = '''W''' ([[1999 WTA Tour Championships – Doubles|1999]], [[2000 WTA Tour Championships – Doubles|2000]]) |Mixed = yes |mixedrecord = 24–14 |mixedtitles = |AustralianOpenMixedresult = SF ([[1997 Australian Open – Mixed doubles|1997]], [[2000 Australian Open – Mixed doubles|2000]]) |FrenchOpenMixedresult = QF ([[1997 French Open – Mixed doubles|1997]]) |WimbledonMixedresult = F ([[1999 Wimbledon Championships – Mixed doubles|1999]]) |USOpenMixedresult = F ([[2000 US Open – Mixed doubles|2000]]) }} }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Kournikova
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Actinium
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Actinium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ac and atomic number 89. It was discovered by Friedrich Oskar Giesel in 1902, who gave it the name emanium; the element got its name by being wrongly identified with a substance André-Louis Debierne found in 1899 and called actinium. The actinide series, a set of 15 elements between actinium and lawrencium in the periodic table, are named for actinium. Together with polonium, radium, and radon, actinium was one of the first non-primordial radioactive elements to be discovered.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinium
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Astatine
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Astatine is a chemical element; it has symbol At and atomic number 85. It is the rarest naturally occurring element in the Earth's crust, occurring only as the decay product of various heavier elements. All of astatine's isotopes are short-lived; the most stable is astatine-210, with a half-life of 8.1 hours. Consequently, a solid sample of the element has never been seen, because any macroscopic specimen would be immediately vaporized by the heat of its radioactivity.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astatine
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Atom
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or ). | header1 = Classification | data2 = Smallest recognized division of a chemical element | header3 = Properties | label4 = [[atomic mass|Mass range]] | data4 = to | label5 = [[Electric charge]] | data5 = zero (neutral), or [[ion]] charge | label6 = [[Diameter]] range | data6 = 62 pm ([[Helium|He]]) to 520 pm ([[Caesium|Cs]]) ([[Atomic radii of the elements (data page)|data page]]) | label7 = [[Subatomic particle|Components]] | data7 = [[Electron]]s and a compact [[atomic nucleus|nucleus]] of [[proton]]s and [[neutron]]s }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom
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Arable land
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upright=1.25|thumb| Modern mechanised agriculture permits large fields like this one in Dorset, England Arable land (from the , "able to be ploughed") is any land capable of being ploughed and used to grow crops.Oxford English Dictionary, "arable, adj. and n." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 2013. Alternatively, for the purposes of agricultural statistics,The World Bank. Agricultural land (% of land area) http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.AGRI.ZS the term often has a more precise definition: A more concise definition appearing in the Eurostat glossary similarly refers to actual rather than potential uses: "land worked (ploughed or tilled) regularly, generally under a system of crop rotation".Eurostat. Glossary: Arable land. http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Glossary:Arable_land In Britain, arable land has traditionally been contrasted with pasturable land such as heaths, which could be used for sheep-rearing but not as farmland.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arable_land
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Anglican Communion
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| orientation = [[Anglican]] | polity = [[Episcopal polity|Episcopal]] | type = [[Full communion|Communion]] | theology = [[Anglican doctrine]] | founder = [[Charles Longley]] | founded_date = 1867 | founded_place = [[Lambeth Conference]], London, England | leader_title1 = [[Archbishop of Canterbury|Primate]] | leader_name1 = [[Stephen Cottrell]] (''acting'') | leader_title2 = [[Anglican Consultative Council|Secretary General]] | leader_name2 = [[Anthony Poggo]] | leader_title3 = Deputy Secretary General, ACC | headquarters = London, England | separated_from = [[Roman Catholic Church]] | scripture = [[Protestant Bible]] | branched_from = [[Church of England]] | merger = | separations = [[Continuing Anglican movement]] (1977)Some participants in the [[Anglican realignment]] (since 2002; partial) | area = Worldwide | congregations = | members = 85 - 110 million (2024) | website = [https://anglicancommunion.org/ anglicancommunion.org] | logo = [[File:Anglican Communion logo.png|70px]] | footnotes = }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglican_Communion
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Archipelago
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thumb|upright=1.6|The Indonesian Archipelago, located in Asia and Oceania, is the largest archipelagic state in the world. thumb|upright|The Aegean Sea with its large number of islands is the origin of the term archipelago. thumb|The Mergui Archipelago in Myanmar An archipelago ( ), sometimes called an island group or island chain, is a chain, cluster, or collection of islands. An archipelago may be in an ocean, a sea, or a smaller body of water. Example archipelagos include the Aegean Islands (the origin of the term), the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, the Stockholm Archipelago, the Malay Archipelago (which includes the Indonesian and Philippine Archipelagos), the Lucayan (Bahamian) Archipelago, the Japanese archipelago, and the Hawaiian Archipelago.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archipelago
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Andrey Markov
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[[New Style|N.S.]] | birth_place = [[Ryazan]], [[Russian Empire]] | nationality = [[Russians|Russian]] | death_date = | death_place = [[Petrograd]], [[Russian SFSR]] | field = [[Mathematics]], specifically [[probability theory]] and [[statistics]] | known_for = [[Markov chain]]s [[Markov process]]es [[Stochastic process]]es | work_institutions = [[St. Petersburg University]] | alma_mater = [[St. Petersburg University]] | doctoral_advisor = [[Pafnuty Chebyshev]] | doctoral_students = | children = [[Andrey Markov Jr.]] | prizes = | footnotes = }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrey_Markov
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A. A. Milne
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Alan Alexander Milne (; 18 January 1882 – 31 January 1956) was an English writer best known for his books about the teddy bear Winnie-the-Pooh, as well as children's poetry. Milne was primarily a playwright before the huge success of Winnie-the-Pooh overshadowed his previous work. He served as a lieutenant in the Royal Warwickshire Regiment in the First World War and as a captain in the Home Guard in the Second World War.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._A._Milne
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Axiom
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thumb|The parallel postulate which states if the sum of the interior angles of two lines is less than 180°, the two straight lines meet on that side. The postulate is correct on a flat plane in Euclidean geometry but breaks on curved geometries such as spheres An axiom, postulate, or assumption is a statement that is taken to be true, to serve as a premise or starting point for further reasoning and arguments. The word comes from the Ancient Greek word (), meaning 'that which is thought worthy or fit' or 'that which commends itself as evident'.Cf. axiom, n., etymology. Oxford English Dictionary, accessed 2012-04-28.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiom
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Alvin Toffler
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Alvin Eugene Toffler (October 4, 1928 – June 27, 2016) was an American writer, futurist, and businessman known for his works discussing modern technologies, including the digital revolution and the communication revolution, with emphasis on their effects on cultures worldwide. He is regarded as one of the world's outstanding futurists.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvin_Toffler
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Antigua and Barbuda
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([[Antiguan and Barbudan Creole]]) | image_flag = Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Antigua and Barbuda.svg | symbol_type = Coat of arms | national_motto = "[[Each endeavouring, all achieving]]" | national_anthem = "[[Fair Antigua, We Salute Thee]]" }} | image_map = | image_map2 = | capital = None ([[de jure]]) | admin_center = [[St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda|St. John's]] }} | admin_center_type = [[Administrative centre]] | official_languages = None }} | national_languages = | languages2 = | ethnic_groups = | ethnic_groups_year = 2011 | religion = *92.7% [[Christianity]] **66.6% [[Protestantism]] **26.1% other [[Christian]] |3.6% [[Rastafari]] |1.9% [[Irreligion|no religion]] |1.1% [[Baháʼí Faith]] |0.7% other}} | religion_year = 2020 | demonym = [[Antiguans and Barbudans|Antiguan and Barbudan]] | government_type = Unitary [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary constitutional monarchy]] | leader_title1 = [[Monarchy of Antigua and Barbuda|Monarch]] | leader_title2 = | leader_name1 = [[Charles III]] | leader_name2 = [[Rodney Williams (governor-general)|Sir Rodney Williams]] | leader_title3 = [[Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda|Prime Minister]] | leader_name3 = | legislature = [[Parliament of Antigua and Barbuda|Parliament]] | upper_house = [[Senate (Antigua and Barbuda)|Senate]] | lower_house = | sovereignty_type = [[History of Antigua and Barbuda|Formation]] | sovereignty_note = | established_event1 = [[Barbuda (Extension of Laws of Antigua) Act|Union]] | established_date1 = 1 August 1860 | established_event2 = [[Redonda Annexation Act|Redonda]] | established_date2 = 26 March 1872 | established_event3 = [[Associated State of Antigua|Associated state]] | established_date3 = 27 February 1967 | established_event4 = [[Independence of Antigua and Barbuda|Independence]] | established_date4 = 1 November 1981 | area_km2 = 440 | area_rank = 182nd | area_sq_mi = 170 | percent_water = negligible | population_estimate = 100,772 | population_census = 84,816 | population_estimate_year = 2022 | population_estimate_rank = 182nd | population_census_year = 2011 | population_density_km2 = 186 | population_density_sq_mi = 481 | GDP_PPP = $3.3 billion | GDP_PPP_year = 2025 | GDP_PPP_rank = 180th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $31,781 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 66th | GDP_nominal = $2.37 billion | GDP_nominal_year = 2025 | GDP_nominal_rank = 171st | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $22,630 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 51st | Gini = | Gini_change = increase | Gini_ref = | HDI = 0.851 | HDI_year = 2023 | HDI_change = increase | HDI_ref = | HDI_rank = 53rd | currency = [[East Caribbean dollar]] | currency_code = XCD | time_zone = [[Atlantic Time Zone|AST]] | utc_offset = -04:00 | date_format = | drives_on = [[Left- and right-hand traffic|left]] | calling_code = +1 | cctld = [[.ag]] }}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda
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Albert Speer
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Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (; ; 19 March 1905 – 1 September 1981) was a German architect who served as Minister of Armaments and War Production in Nazi Germany during most of World War II. A close friend and ally of Adolf Hitler, he was convicted at the Nuremberg trials and sentenced to 20 years in prison.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Speer
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