id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 442
values | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 270 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
57316ed305b4da19006bd150 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Over the course of thousands of years, American indigenous peoples domesticated, bred and cultivated a large array of plant species. These species now constitute 50–60% of all crops in cultivation worldwide. In certain cases, the indigenous peoples developed entirely new species and strains through artificial selection... | How were new species and strains of crops developed? | {
"answer_start": [
300
],
"text": [
"artificial selection"
]
} |
57316ed305b4da19006bd151 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Over the course of thousands of years, American indigenous peoples domesticated, bred and cultivated a large array of plant species. These species now constitute 50–60% of all crops in cultivation worldwide. In certain cases, the indigenous peoples developed entirely new species and strains through artificial selection... | What was the origin of maize? | {
"answer_start": [
386
],
"text": [
"wild teosinte grasses"
]
} |
57316ed305b4da19006bd152 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Over the course of thousands of years, American indigenous peoples domesticated, bred and cultivated a large array of plant species. These species now constitute 50–60% of all crops in cultivation worldwide. In certain cases, the indigenous peoples developed entirely new species and strains through artificial selection... | What products sometimes retain their native names in both English and Spanish? | {
"answer_start": [
457
],
"text": [
"agricultural"
]
} |
57316ffc05b4da19006bd16c | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | The South American highlands were a center of early agriculture. Genetic testing of the wide variety of cultivars and wild species suggests that the potato has a single origin in the area of southern Peru, from a species in the Solanum brevicaule complex. Over 99% of all modern cultivated potatoes worldwide are descend... | Where was a center of early agriculture? | {
"answer_start": [
4
],
"text": [
"South American highlands"
]
} |
57316ffc05b4da19006bd16d | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | The South American highlands were a center of early agriculture. Genetic testing of the wide variety of cultivars and wild species suggests that the potato has a single origin in the area of southern Peru, from a species in the Solanum brevicaule complex. Over 99% of all modern cultivated potatoes worldwide are descend... | Based on genetic testing, what has been suggested about the origin of the potato? | {
"answer_start": [
162
],
"text": [
"single"
]
} |
57316ffc05b4da19006bd16e | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | The South American highlands were a center of early agriculture. Genetic testing of the wide variety of cultivars and wild species suggests that the potato has a single origin in the area of southern Peru, from a species in the Solanum brevicaule complex. Over 99% of all modern cultivated potatoes worldwide are descend... | Where did the potato originate? | {
"answer_start": [
183
],
"text": [
"area of southern Peru"
]
} |
57316ffc05b4da19006bd16f | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | The South American highlands were a center of early agriculture. Genetic testing of the wide variety of cultivars and wild species suggests that the potato has a single origin in the area of southern Peru, from a species in the Solanum brevicaule complex. Over 99% of all modern cultivated potatoes worldwide are descend... | How long ago was the decedent of 99% of all modern potatoes cultivated as long ago as? | {
"answer_start": [
445
],
"text": [
"10,000 years ago"
]
} |
57316ffc05b4da19006bd170 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | The South American highlands were a center of early agriculture. Genetic testing of the wide variety of cultivars and wild species suggests that the potato has a single origin in the area of southern Peru, from a species in the Solanum brevicaule complex. Over 99% of all modern cultivated potatoes worldwide are descend... | What event in 850 AD coincided with the collapse of Mayan civilization? | {
"answer_start": [
671
],
"text": [
"persistent drought"
]
} |
5731708c497a881900248edd | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Natives of North America began practicing farming approximately 4,000 years ago, late in the Archaic period of North American cultures. Technology had advanced to the point that pottery was becoming common and the small-scale felling of trees had become feasible. Concurrently, the Archaic Indians began using fire in a ... | When did the North American natives begin farming? | {
"answer_start": [
50
],
"text": [
"approximately 4,000 years ago"
]
} |
5731708c497a881900248ede | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Natives of North America began practicing farming approximately 4,000 years ago, late in the Archaic period of North American cultures. Technology had advanced to the point that pottery was becoming common and the small-scale felling of trees had become feasible. Concurrently, the Archaic Indians began using fire in a ... | What had pottery become 4,000 years ago in the Americas? | {
"answer_start": [
199
],
"text": [
"common"
]
} |
5731708c497a881900248edf | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Natives of North America began practicing farming approximately 4,000 years ago, late in the Archaic period of North American cultures. Technology had advanced to the point that pottery was becoming common and the small-scale felling of trees had become feasible. Concurrently, the Archaic Indians began using fire in a ... | What did technology make feasible when it came to trees? | {
"answer_start": [
214
],
"text": [
"small-scale felling"
]
} |
5731708c497a881900248ee0 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Natives of North America began practicing farming approximately 4,000 years ago, late in the Archaic period of North American cultures. Technology had advanced to the point that pottery was becoming common and the small-scale felling of trees had become feasible. Concurrently, the Archaic Indians began using fire in a ... | How did Archaic Indians use fire? | {
"answer_start": [
318
],
"text": [
"a controlled manner"
]
} |
5731708c497a881900248ee1 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Natives of North America began practicing farming approximately 4,000 years ago, late in the Archaic period of North American cultures. Technology had advanced to the point that pottery was becoming common and the small-scale felling of trees had become feasible. Concurrently, the Archaic Indians began using fire in a ... | What was the intentional burning of vegetation intended to mimic? | {
"answer_start": [
395
],
"text": [
"effects of natural fires"
]
} |
5731716b05b4da19006bd192 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Many crops first domesticated by indigenous Americans are now produced and used globally. Chief among these is maize or "corn", arguably the most important crop in the world. Other significant crops include cassava, chia, squash (pumpkins, zucchini, marrow, acorn squash, butternut squash), the pinto bean, Phaseolus bea... | What global industry owes its existence to having been domesticated by indigenous Americans? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Many crops"
]
} |
5731716b05b4da19006bd193 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Many crops first domesticated by indigenous Americans are now produced and used globally. Chief among these is maize or "corn", arguably the most important crop in the world. Other significant crops include cassava, chia, squash (pumpkins, zucchini, marrow, acorn squash, butternut squash), the pinto bean, Phaseolus bea... | What is arguably the most important crop in the world? | {
"answer_start": [
121
],
"text": [
"corn"
]
} |
5731716b05b4da19006bd194 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Many crops first domesticated by indigenous Americans are now produced and used globally. Chief among these is maize or "corn", arguably the most important crop in the world. Other significant crops include cassava, chia, squash (pumpkins, zucchini, marrow, acorn squash, butternut squash), the pinto bean, Phaseolus bea... | Squash, beans, and peppers are all examples of what type of crop? | {
"answer_start": [
181
],
"text": [
"significant"
]
} |
5731716b05b4da19006bd195 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Many crops first domesticated by indigenous Americans are now produced and used globally. Chief among these is maize or "corn", arguably the most important crop in the world. Other significant crops include cassava, chia, squash (pumpkins, zucchini, marrow, acorn squash, butternut squash), the pinto bean, Phaseolus bea... | What type of bean is used to make chocolate? | {
"answer_start": [
420
],
"text": [
"cocoa"
]
} |
5731716b05b4da19006bd196 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Many crops first domesticated by indigenous Americans are now produced and used globally. Chief among these is maize or "corn", arguably the most important crop in the world. Other significant crops include cassava, chia, squash (pumpkins, zucchini, marrow, acorn squash, butternut squash), the pinto bean, Phaseolus bea... | Who do we owe gratitude for even some species of cotton to? | {
"answer_start": [
33
],
"text": [
"indigenous Americans"
]
} |
57317254497a881900248eed | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Cultural practices in the Americas seem to have been shared mostly within geographical zones where unrelated peoples adopted similar technologies and social organizations. An example of such a cultural area is Mesoamerica, where millennia of coexistence and shared development among the peoples of the region produced a ... | What did geographical zones encourage the sharing of? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Cultural practices"
]
} |
57317254497a881900248eee | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Cultural practices in the Americas seem to have been shared mostly within geographical zones where unrelated peoples adopted similar technologies and social organizations. An example of such a cultural area is Mesoamerica, where millennia of coexistence and shared development among the peoples of the region produced a ... | What did people in the same reason adopt? | {
"answer_start": [
125
],
"text": [
"similar technologies and social organizations"
]
} |
57317254497a881900248eef | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Cultural practices in the Americas seem to have been shared mostly within geographical zones where unrelated peoples adopted similar technologies and social organizations. An example of such a cultural area is Mesoamerica, where millennia of coexistence and shared development among the peoples of the region produced a ... | Where did millennia of coexistence produce a culture with advanced agricultural and social patterns? | {
"answer_start": [
210
],
"text": [
"Mesoamerica"
]
} |
57317254497a881900248ef0 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Cultural practices in the Americas seem to have been shared mostly within geographical zones where unrelated peoples adopted similar technologies and social organizations. An example of such a cultural area is Mesoamerica, where millennia of coexistence and shared development among the peoples of the region produced a ... | How long was there a homogeneous culture on the North American plains? | {
"answer_start": [
456
],
"text": [
"until the 19th century"
]
} |
57317254497a881900248ef1 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Cultural practices in the Americas seem to have been shared mostly within geographical zones where unrelated peoples adopted similar technologies and social organizations. An example of such a cultural area is Mesoamerica, where millennia of coexistence and shared development among the peoples of the region produced a ... | What creature did the nomadic hunter-gatherers of the plains hunt? | {
"answer_start": [
560
],
"text": [
"buffalo"
]
} |
5731732b497a881900248f01 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | The development of writing is counted among the many achievements and innovations of pre-Columbian American cultures. Independent from the development of writing in other areas of the world, the Mesoamerican region produced several indigenous writing systems beginning in the 1st millennium BCE. What may be the earliest... | What was one of the many achievements of the American cultures? | {
"answer_start": [
4
],
"text": [
"development of writing"
]
} |
5731732b497a881900248f02 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | The development of writing is counted among the many achievements and innovations of pre-Columbian American cultures. Independent from the development of writing in other areas of the world, the Mesoamerican region produced several indigenous writing systems beginning in the 1st millennium BCE. What may be the earliest... | What region produced several writing systems independent of other areas of the world? | {
"answer_start": [
191
],
"text": [
"the Mesoamerican region"
]
} |
5731732b497a881900248f03 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | The development of writing is counted among the many achievements and innovations of pre-Columbian American cultures. Independent from the development of writing in other areas of the world, the Mesoamerican region produced several indigenous writing systems beginning in the 1st millennium BCE. What may be the earliest... | When were writing systems being created in the Americas? | {
"answer_start": [
259
],
"text": [
"beginning in the 1st millennium BCE"
]
} |
5731732b497a881900248f04 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | The development of writing is counted among the many achievements and innovations of pre-Columbian American cultures. Independent from the development of writing in other areas of the world, the Mesoamerican region produced several indigenous writing systems beginning in the 1st millennium BCE. What may be the earliest... | What is presumed to be written upon the Cascajal Block? | {
"answer_start": [
357
],
"text": [
"extensive text"
]
} |
5731732b497a881900248f05 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | The development of writing is counted among the many achievements and innovations of pre-Columbian American cultures. Independent from the development of writing in other areas of the world, the Mesoamerican region produced several indigenous writing systems beginning in the 1st millennium BCE. What may be the earliest... | When has the Olmec tablet been dated to? | {
"answer_start": [
538
],
"text": [
"900 BCE"
]
} |
573173f6497a881900248f11 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | The Maya writing system (often called hieroglyphs from a superficial resemblance to the Ancient Egyptian writing) was a combination of phonetic symbols and logograms. It is most often classified as a logographic or (more properly) a logosyllabic writing system, in which syllabic signs play a significant role. It is the... | What writing system combined phonetic symbols and logograms? | {
"answer_start": [
4
],
"text": [
"Maya"
]
} |
573173f6497a881900248f12 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | The Maya writing system (often called hieroglyphs from a superficial resemblance to the Ancient Egyptian writing) was a combination of phonetic symbols and logograms. It is most often classified as a logographic or (more properly) a logosyllabic writing system, in which syllabic signs play a significant role. It is the... | What signs play a significant role in the Mayan's writing system? | {
"answer_start": [
271
],
"text": [
"syllabic"
]
} |
573173f6497a881900248f13 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | The Maya writing system (often called hieroglyphs from a superficial resemblance to the Ancient Egyptian writing) was a combination of phonetic symbols and logograms. It is most often classified as a logographic or (more properly) a logosyllabic writing system, in which syllabic signs play a significant role. It is the... | What is the Mayan writing system the only known pre-Columbian one to completely represent this? | {
"answer_start": [
389
],
"text": [
"spoken language of its community"
]
} |
573173f6497a881900248f14 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | The Maya writing system (often called hieroglyphs from a superficial resemblance to the Ancient Egyptian writing) was a combination of phonetic symbols and logograms. It is most often classified as a logographic or (more properly) a logosyllabic writing system, in which syllabic signs play a significant role. It is the... | How many different glyphs in total does the Mayan writing system have? | {
"answer_start": [
448
],
"text": [
"more than one thousand"
]
} |
573173f6497a881900248f15 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | The Maya writing system (often called hieroglyphs from a superficial resemblance to the Ancient Egyptian writing) was a combination of phonetic symbols and logograms. It is most often classified as a logographic or (more properly) a logosyllabic writing system, in which syllabic signs play a significant role. It is the... | How many of the Mayan glyphs had phonetic or syllabic interpretations? | {
"answer_start": [
685
],
"text": [
"some two hundred"
]
} |
573174bc05b4da19006bd1c0 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Spanish mendicants in the sixteenth century taught indigenous scribes in their communities to write their languages in Latin letters and there is a large number of local-level documents in Nahuatl, Zapotec, Mixtec, and Yucatec Maya from the colonial era, many of which were part of lawsuits and other legal matters. Alth... | Who taught indigenous scribes to write their languages? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Spanish"
]
} |
573174bc05b4da19006bd1c1 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Spanish mendicants in the sixteenth century taught indigenous scribes in their communities to write their languages in Latin letters and there is a large number of local-level documents in Nahuatl, Zapotec, Mixtec, and Yucatec Maya from the colonial era, many of which were part of lawsuits and other legal matters. Alth... | When were indigenous scribes taught to use Latin letters? | {
"answer_start": [
22
],
"text": [
"the sixteenth century"
]
} |
573174bc05b4da19006bd1c2 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Spanish mendicants in the sixteenth century taught indigenous scribes in their communities to write their languages in Latin letters and there is a large number of local-level documents in Nahuatl, Zapotec, Mixtec, and Yucatec Maya from the colonial era, many of which were part of lawsuits and other legal matters. Alth... | What were a large number of the local documents in regards to? | {
"answer_start": [
282
],
"text": [
"lawsuits and other legal matters"
]
} |
573174bc05b4da19006bd1c3 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Spanish mendicants in the sixteenth century taught indigenous scribes in their communities to write their languages in Latin letters and there is a large number of local-level documents in Nahuatl, Zapotec, Mixtec, and Yucatec Maya from the colonial era, many of which were part of lawsuits and other legal matters. Alth... | What were Spanish translations at the time made for? | {
"answer_start": [
548
],
"text": [
"legal cases"
]
} |
573174bc05b4da19006bd1c4 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Spanish mendicants in the sixteenth century taught indigenous scribes in their communities to write their languages in Latin letters and there is a large number of local-level documents in Nahuatl, Zapotec, Mixtec, and Yucatec Maya from the colonial era, many of which were part of lawsuits and other legal matters. Alth... | What viewpoint have scholars translated and analyzed documents to writes histories from? | {
"answer_start": [
697
],
"text": [
"indigenous"
]
} |
5731752de6313a140071cf56 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Native American music in North America is almost entirely monophonic, but there are notable exceptions. Traditional Native American music often centers around drumming. Rattles, clappersticks, and rasps were also popular percussive instruments. Flutes were made of rivercane, cedar, and other woods. The tuning of these ... | What characteristic did the majority of Native American music have? | {
"answer_start": [
58
],
"text": [
"monophonic"
]
} |
5731752de6313a140071cf57 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Native American music in North America is almost entirely monophonic, but there are notable exceptions. Traditional Native American music often centers around drumming. Rattles, clappersticks, and rasps were also popular percussive instruments. Flutes were made of rivercane, cedar, and other woods. The tuning of these ... | What did traditional Native American music center around? | {
"answer_start": [
159
],
"text": [
"drumming"
]
} |
5731752de6313a140071cf58 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Native American music in North America is almost entirely monophonic, but there are notable exceptions. Traditional Native American music often centers around drumming. Rattles, clappersticks, and rasps were also popular percussive instruments. Flutes were made of rivercane, cedar, and other woods. The tuning of these ... | What are examples of popular percussive instruments of Native Americans? | {
"answer_start": [
169
],
"text": [
"Rattles, clappersticks, and rasps"
]
} |
5731752de6313a140071cf59 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Native American music in North America is almost entirely monophonic, but there are notable exceptions. Traditional Native American music often centers around drumming. Rattles, clappersticks, and rasps were also popular percussive instruments. Flutes were made of rivercane, cedar, and other woods. The tuning of these ... | How were flutes constructed by the Native Americans? | {
"answer_start": [
265
],
"text": [
"rivercane, cedar, and other woods"
]
} |
5731752de6313a140071cf5a | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Native American music in North America is almost entirely monophonic, but there are notable exceptions. Traditional Native American music often centers around drumming. Rattles, clappersticks, and rasps were also popular percussive instruments. Flutes were made of rivercane, cedar, and other woods. The tuning of these ... | How many strings did the Apache fiddle have? | {
"answer_start": [
630
],
"text": [
"single"
]
} |
57317628e6313a140071cf60 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | The music of the indigenous peoples of Central Mexico and Central America was often pentatonic. Before the arrival of the Spaniards and other Europeans, music was inseparable from religious festivities and included a large variety of percussion and wind instruments such as drums, flutes, sea snail shells (used as a tru... | What feature did the music of Central America have? | {
"answer_start": [
84
],
"text": [
"pentatonic"
]
} |
57317628e6313a140071cf61 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | The music of the indigenous peoples of Central Mexico and Central America was often pentatonic. Before the arrival of the Spaniards and other Europeans, music was inseparable from religious festivities and included a large variety of percussion and wind instruments such as drums, flutes, sea snail shells (used as a tru... | What role did music play in the religious festivities? | {
"answer_start": [
163
],
"text": [
"inseparable from"
]
} |
57317628e6313a140071cf62 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | The music of the indigenous peoples of Central Mexico and Central America was often pentatonic. Before the arrival of the Spaniards and other Europeans, music was inseparable from religious festivities and included a large variety of percussion and wind instruments such as drums, flutes, sea snail shells (used as a tru... | What instruments were used to make music by the Central Americans? | {
"answer_start": [
217
],
"text": [
"large variety of percussion and wind"
]
} |
57317628e6313a140071cf63 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | The music of the indigenous peoples of Central Mexico and Central America was often pentatonic. Before the arrival of the Spaniards and other Europeans, music was inseparable from religious festivities and included a large variety of percussion and wind instruments such as drums, flutes, sea snail shells (used as a tru... | Where did archaeologists find a depiction of a Mayan stringed instrument? | {
"answer_start": [
437
],
"text": [
"a jar in Guatemala"
]
} |
57317628e6313a140071cf64 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | The music of the indigenous peoples of Central Mexico and Central America was often pentatonic. Before the arrival of the Spaniards and other Europeans, music was inseparable from religious festivities and included a large variety of percussion and wind instruments such as drums, flutes, sea snail shells (used as a tru... | What did the Mayan's stringed instrument sound like when played? | {
"answer_start": [
791
],
"text": [
"a jaguar's growl"
]
} |
57317711497a881900248f1b | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Visual arts by indigenous peoples of the Americas comprise a major category in the world art collection. Contributions include pottery, paintings, jewellery, weavings, sculptures, basketry, carvings, and beadwork. Because too many artists were posing as Native Americans and Alaska Natives in order to profit from the ca... | What comprises a major category in the world art collection? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Visual arts by indigenous peoples"
]
} |
57317711497a881900248f1c | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Visual arts by indigenous peoples of the Americas comprise a major category in the world art collection. Contributions include pottery, paintings, jewellery, weavings, sculptures, basketry, carvings, and beadwork. Because too many artists were posing as Native Americans and Alaska Natives in order to profit from the ca... | Pottery, weavings and carvings are just some of the contributions to art by which peoples? | {
"answer_start": [
15
],
"text": [
"indigenous"
]
} |
57317711497a881900248f1d | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Visual arts by indigenous peoples of the Americas comprise a major category in the world art collection. Contributions include pottery, paintings, jewellery, weavings, sculptures, basketry, carvings, and beadwork. Because too many artists were posing as Native Americans and Alaska Natives in order to profit from the ca... | Why did the U.S. pass the Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990? | {
"answer_start": [
222
],
"text": [
"too many artists were posing as Native Americans"
]
} |
57317711497a881900248f1e | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Visual arts by indigenous peoples of the Americas comprise a major category in the world art collection. Contributions include pottery, paintings, jewellery, weavings, sculptures, basketry, carvings, and beadwork. Because too many artists were posing as Native Americans and Alaska Natives in order to profit from the ca... | What does the Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990 require artists to prove they're enrolled in? | {
"answer_start": [
473
],
"text": [
"a state or federally recognized tribe"
]
} |
57317711497a881900248f1f | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Visual arts by indigenous peoples of the Americas comprise a major category in the world art collection. Contributions include pottery, paintings, jewellery, weavings, sculptures, basketry, carvings, and beadwork. Because too many artists were posing as Native Americans and Alaska Natives in order to profit from the ca... | When was a national Native Arts and Cultures Foundation established? | {
"answer_start": [
798
],
"text": [
"2007"
]
} |
573177ab05b4da19006bd1d4 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | In 2005, Argentina's indigenous population (known as pueblos originarios) numbered about 600,329 (1.6% of total population); this figure includes 457,363 people who self-identified as belonging to an indigenous ethnic group and 142,966 who identified themselves as first-generation descendants of an indigenous people. T... | What was the number of indigenous people in Argentina as of 2005? | {
"answer_start": [
83
],
"text": [
"about 600,329"
]
} |
573177ab05b4da19006bd1d5 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | In 2005, Argentina's indigenous population (known as pueblos originarios) numbered about 600,329 (1.6% of total population); this figure includes 457,363 people who self-identified as belonging to an indigenous ethnic group and 142,966 who identified themselves as first-generation descendants of an indigenous people. T... | How many Mapuche were there in Argentina in 2005? | {
"answer_start": [
377
],
"text": [
"113,680"
]
} |
573177ab05b4da19006bd1d6 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | In 2005, Argentina's indigenous population (known as pueblos originarios) numbered about 600,329 (1.6% of total population); this figure includes 457,363 people who self-identified as belonging to an indigenous ethnic group and 142,966 who identified themselves as first-generation descendants of an indigenous people. T... | Who are the Quechua and Chorote? | {
"answer_start": [
603
],
"text": [
"Minor but important peoples"
]
} |
573177ab05b4da19006bd1d7 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | In 2005, Argentina's indigenous population (known as pueblos originarios) numbered about 600,329 (1.6% of total population); this figure includes 457,363 people who self-identified as belonging to an indigenous ethnic group and 142,966 who identified themselves as first-generation descendants of an indigenous people. T... | What indigenous population is now virtually extinct? | {
"answer_start": [
741
],
"text": [
"The Selknam"
]
} |
573177ab05b4da19006bd1d8 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | In 2005, Argentina's indigenous population (known as pueblos originarios) numbered about 600,329 (1.6% of total population); this figure includes 457,363 people who self-identified as belonging to an indigenous ethnic group and 142,966 who identified themselves as first-generation descendants of an indigenous people. T... | Who still speaks Southern Tehuelche? | {
"answer_start": [
1084
],
"text": [
"a handful of elderly people"
]
} |
5731785b497a881900248f39 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | In Bolivia, a 62% majority of residents over the age of 15 self-identify as belonging to an indigenous people, while another 3.7% grew up with an indigenous mother tongue yet do not self-identify as indigenous. Including both of these categories, and children under 15, some 66.4% of Bolivia's population was registered ... | What percentage of the residents in Bolivia self-identify as belonging to an indigenous people? | {
"answer_start": [
14
],
"text": [
"62%"
]
} |
5731785b497a881900248f3a | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | In Bolivia, a 62% majority of residents over the age of 15 self-identify as belonging to an indigenous people, while another 3.7% grew up with an indigenous mother tongue yet do not self-identify as indigenous. Including both of these categories, and children under 15, some 66.4% of Bolivia's population was registered ... | What percent of people in Bolivia grew up with an indigenous mother tongue yet don't call themselves indigenous? | {
"answer_start": [
125
],
"text": [
"3.7%"
]
} |
5731785b497a881900248f3b | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | In Bolivia, a 62% majority of residents over the age of 15 self-identify as belonging to an indigenous people, while another 3.7% grew up with an indigenous mother tongue yet do not self-identify as indigenous. Including both of these categories, and children under 15, some 66.4% of Bolivia's population was registered ... | In the 2001 census, how much of Bolivia's population was labeled as being indigenous? | {
"answer_start": [
275
],
"text": [
"66.4%"
]
} |
5731785b497a881900248f3c | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | In Bolivia, a 62% majority of residents over the age of 15 self-identify as belonging to an indigenous people, while another 3.7% grew up with an indigenous mother tongue yet do not self-identify as indigenous. Including both of these categories, and children under 15, some 66.4% of Bolivia's population was registered ... | How many cultures does the Constitution of Bolivia recognize? | {
"answer_start": [
618
],
"text": [
"36"
]
} |
5731785b497a881900248f3d | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | In Bolivia, a 62% majority of residents over the age of 15 self-identify as belonging to an indigenous people, while another 3.7% grew up with an indigenous mother tongue yet do not self-identify as indigenous. Including both of these categories, and children under 15, some 66.4% of Bolivia's population was registered ... | How many total groups of indigenous peoples are in Bolivia? | {
"answer_start": [
880
],
"text": [
"fifty"
]
} |
573179c4a5e9cc1400cdbfa5 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Large numbers of Bolivian highland peasants retained indigenous language, culture, customs, and communal organization throughout the Spanish conquest and the post-independence period. They mobilized to resist various attempts at the dissolution of communal landholdings and used legal recognition of "empowered caciques"... | Who retained indigenous language and culture after the Spanish conquest? | {
"answer_start": [
17
],
"text": [
"Bolivian highland peasants"
]
} |
573179c4a5e9cc1400cdbfa6 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Large numbers of Bolivian highland peasants retained indigenous language, culture, customs, and communal organization throughout the Spanish conquest and the post-independence period. They mobilized to resist various attempts at the dissolution of communal landholdings and used legal recognition of "empowered caciques"... | What did the highland peasants resist attempts at? | {
"answer_start": [
233
],
"text": [
"dissolution of communal landholdings"
]
} |
573179c4a5e9cc1400cdbfa7 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Large numbers of Bolivian highland peasants retained indigenous language, culture, customs, and communal organization throughout the Spanish conquest and the post-independence period. They mobilized to resist various attempts at the dissolution of communal landholdings and used legal recognition of "empowered caciques"... | What took place frequently until 1953? | {
"answer_start": [
355
],
"text": [
"Indigenous revolts"
]
} |
573179c4a5e9cc1400cdbfa8 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Large numbers of Bolivian highland peasants retained indigenous language, culture, customs, and communal organization throughout the Spanish conquest and the post-independence period. They mobilized to resist various attempts at the dissolution of communal landholdings and used legal recognition of "empowered caciques"... | What re-emerged during the Katarista movement in the 1970s? | {
"answer_start": [
586
],
"text": [
"ethnic and class militancy"
]
} |
573179c4a5e9cc1400cdbfa9 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Large numbers of Bolivian highland peasants retained indigenous language, culture, customs, and communal organization throughout the Spanish conquest and the post-independence period. They mobilized to resist various attempts at the dissolution of communal landholdings and used legal recognition of "empowered caciques"... | What march successfully pressured the national government to sign the ILO Convetion 169? | {
"answer_start": [
765
],
"text": [
"March for Territory and Dignity"
]
} |
57317b1de6313a140071cf86 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Morales began work on his "indigenous autonomy" policy, which he launched in the eastern lowlands department on August 3, 2009, making Bolivia the first country in the history of South America to affirm the right of indigenous people to govern themselves. Speaking in Santa Cruz Department, the President called it "a hi... | Who came up with a policy for indigenous autonomy? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Morales"
]
} |
57317b1de6313a140071cf87 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Morales began work on his "indigenous autonomy" policy, which he launched in the eastern lowlands department on August 3, 2009, making Bolivia the first country in the history of South America to affirm the right of indigenous people to govern themselves. Speaking in Santa Cruz Department, the President called it "a hi... | When did Morales launch his policy in the eastern lowlands? | {
"answer_start": [
122
],
"text": [
"2009"
]
} |
57317b1de6313a140071cf88 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Morales began work on his "indigenous autonomy" policy, which he launched in the eastern lowlands department on August 3, 2009, making Bolivia the first country in the history of South America to affirm the right of indigenous people to govern themselves. Speaking in Santa Cruz Department, the President called it "a hi... | What was Bolivia the first country in the history of South America to do? | {
"answer_start": [
196
],
"text": [
"affirm the right of indigenous people to govern themselves"
]
} |
57317b1de6313a140071cf89 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Morales began work on his "indigenous autonomy" policy, which he launched in the eastern lowlands department on August 3, 2009, making Bolivia the first country in the history of South America to affirm the right of indigenous people to govern themselves. Speaking in Santa Cruz Department, the President called it "a hi... | What did the President vow he would never betray? | {
"answer_start": [
442
],
"text": [
"fight"
]
} |
57317b1de6313a140071cf8a | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Morales began work on his "indigenous autonomy" policy, which he launched in the eastern lowlands department on August 3, 2009, making Bolivia the first country in the history of South America to affirm the right of indigenous people to govern themselves. Speaking in Santa Cruz Department, the President called it "a hi... | What effect has the issue of indigenous autonomy had on Bolivia? | {
"answer_start": [
632
],
"text": [
"divided"
]
} |
57318080497a881900248f8f | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Indigenous peoples of Brazil make up 0.4% of Brazil's population, or about 700,000 people, even though millions of Brazilians have some indigenous ancestry. Indigenous peoples are found in the entire territory of Brazil, although the majority of them live in Indian reservations in the North and Center-Western part of t... | How much of Brazil's population is comprised of indigenous peoples? | {
"answer_start": [
37
],
"text": [
"0.4%"
]
} |
57318080497a881900248f90 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Indigenous peoples of Brazil make up 0.4% of Brazil's population, or about 700,000 people, even though millions of Brazilians have some indigenous ancestry. Indigenous peoples are found in the entire territory of Brazil, although the majority of them live in Indian reservations in the North and Center-Western part of t... | How many Brazillians have some indigenous ancestry? | {
"answer_start": [
103
],
"text": [
"millions"
]
} |
57318080497a881900248f91 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Indigenous peoples of Brazil make up 0.4% of Brazil's population, or about 700,000 people, even though millions of Brazilians have some indigenous ancestry. Indigenous peoples are found in the entire territory of Brazil, although the majority of them live in Indian reservations in the North and Center-Western part of t... | Where do the majority of the indigenous people of Brazil live? | {
"answer_start": [
259
],
"text": [
"Indian reservations"
]
} |
57318080497a881900248f92 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Indigenous peoples of Brazil make up 0.4% of Brazil's population, or about 700,000 people, even though millions of Brazilians have some indigenous ancestry. Indigenous peoples are found in the entire territory of Brazil, although the majority of them live in Indian reservations in the North and Center-Western part of t... | How many different uncontacted tribes were confirmed in Brazil in 2007? | {
"answer_start": [
406
],
"text": [
"67"
]
} |
57318080497a881900248f93 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Indigenous peoples of Brazil make up 0.4% of Brazil's population, or about 700,000 people, even though millions of Brazilians have some indigenous ancestry. Indigenous peoples are found in the entire territory of Brazil, although the majority of them live in Indian reservations in the North and Center-Western part of t... | What country has the largest number of uncontacted tribes? | {
"answer_start": [
488
],
"text": [
"Brazil"
]
} |
5731812105b4da19006bd1f2 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Aboriginal peoples in Canada comprise the First Nations, Inuit and Métis; the descriptors "Indian" and "Eskimo" are falling into disuse, and other than in neighboring Alaska. "Eskimo" is considered derogatory in many other places because it was given by non-Inuit people and was said to mean "eater of raw meat." Hundred... | What is the term Eskimo said to mean? | {
"answer_start": [
292
],
"text": [
"\"eater of raw meat.\""
]
} |
5731812105b4da19006bd1f3 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Aboriginal peoples in Canada comprise the First Nations, Inuit and Métis; the descriptors "Indian" and "Eskimo" are falling into disuse, and other than in neighboring Alaska. "Eskimo" is considered derogatory in many other places because it was given by non-Inuit people and was said to mean "eater of raw meat." Hundred... | First Nations and Inuit are labels for what peoples in Canada? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Aboriginal"
]
} |
5731812105b4da19006bd1f4 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Aboriginal peoples in Canada comprise the First Nations, Inuit and Métis; the descriptors "Indian" and "Eskimo" are falling into disuse, and other than in neighboring Alaska. "Eskimo" is considered derogatory in many other places because it was given by non-Inuit people and was said to mean "eater of raw meat." Hundred... | How many Aboriginal nations evolved trade, as well as spiritual and social hierarchies? | {
"answer_start": [
313
],
"text": [
"Hundreds"
]
} |
5731812105b4da19006bd1f5 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Aboriginal peoples in Canada comprise the First Nations, Inuit and Métis; the descriptors "Indian" and "Eskimo" are falling into disuse, and other than in neighboring Alaska. "Eskimo" is considered derogatory in many other places because it was given by non-Inuit people and was said to mean "eater of raw meat." Hundred... | What resulted from First Nation and Inuit people marrying European settlers? | {
"answer_start": [
393
],
"text": [
"The Métis culture"
]
} |
5731812105b4da19006bd1f6 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Aboriginal peoples in Canada comprise the First Nations, Inuit and Métis; the descriptors "Indian" and "Eskimo" are falling into disuse, and other than in neighboring Alaska. "Eskimo" is considered derogatory in many other places because it was given by non-Inuit people and was said to mean "eater of raw meat." Hundred... | What has been enacted between European immigrants and First Nations across Canada? | {
"answer_start": [
611
],
"text": [
"Various laws, treaties, and legislation"
]
} |
573181eee6313a140071cfda | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Although not without conflict, European/Canadian early interactions with First Nations and Inuit populations were relatively peaceful compared to the experience of native peoples in the United States. Combined with a late economic development in many regions, this relatively peaceful history has allowed Canadian Indige... | What were the early interactions between First Nations and Europeans? | {
"answer_start": [
114
],
"text": [
"relatively peaceful"
]
} |
573181eee6313a140071cfdb | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Although not without conflict, European/Canadian early interactions with First Nations and Inuit populations were relatively peaceful compared to the experience of native peoples in the United States. Combined with a late economic development in many regions, this relatively peaceful history has allowed Canadian Indige... | What have Canadian indigenous peoples been able to have a strong influence on? | {
"answer_start": [
380
],
"text": [
"national culture"
]
} |
573181eee6313a140071cfdc | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Although not without conflict, European/Canadian early interactions with First Nations and Inuit populations were relatively peaceful compared to the experience of native peoples in the United States. Combined with a late economic development in many regions, this relatively peaceful history has allowed Canadian Indige... | How long have European Canadians been encouraging Aboriginals to assimilate into their culture? | {
"answer_start": [
443
],
"text": [
"late 18th century"
]
} |
573181eee6313a140071cfdd | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Although not without conflict, European/Canadian early interactions with First Nations and Inuit populations were relatively peaceful compared to the experience of native peoples in the United States. Combined with a late economic development in many regions, this relatively peaceful history has allowed Canadian Indige... | What does National Aboriginal Day recognize from the Aboriginal peoples of Canada? | {
"answer_start": [
715
],
"text": [
"cultures and contributions"
]
} |
573181eee6313a140071cfde | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Although not without conflict, European/Canadian early interactions with First Nations and Inuit populations were relatively peaceful compared to the experience of native peoples in the United States. Combined with a late economic development in many regions, this relatively peaceful history has allowed Canadian Indige... | How many recognized First Nations governments are spread across Canada? | {
"answer_start": [
795
],
"text": [
"over 600"
]
} |
57318280e6313a140071cfe4 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | According to the 2002 Census, 4.6% of the Chilean population, including the Rapanui (a Polynesian people) of Easter Island, was indigenous, although most show varying degrees of mixed heritage. Many are descendants of the Mapuche, and live in Santiago, Araucanía and the lake district. The Mapuche successfully fought of... | What percent of the Chilean population were indigenous according to the 2002 census? | {
"answer_start": [
30
],
"text": [
"4.6%"
]
} |
57318280e6313a140071cfe5 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | According to the 2002 Census, 4.6% of the Chilean population, including the Rapanui (a Polynesian people) of Easter Island, was indigenous, although most show varying degrees of mixed heritage. Many are descendants of the Mapuche, and live in Santiago, Araucanía and the lake district. The Mapuche successfully fought of... | What is the name for the Polynesian people living on Easter Island? | {
"answer_start": [
72
],
"text": [
"the Rapanui"
]
} |
57318280e6313a140071cfe6 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | According to the 2002 Census, 4.6% of the Chilean population, including the Rapanui (a Polynesian people) of Easter Island, was indigenous, although most show varying degrees of mixed heritage. Many are descendants of the Mapuche, and live in Santiago, Araucanía and the lake district. The Mapuche successfully fought of... | Who are many of the people of Chile the descendants of? | {
"answer_start": [
218
],
"text": [
"the Mapuche"
]
} |
57318280e6313a140071cfe7 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | According to the 2002 Census, 4.6% of the Chilean population, including the Rapanui (a Polynesian people) of Easter Island, was indigenous, although most show varying degrees of mixed heritage. Many are descendants of the Mapuche, and live in Santiago, Araucanía and the lake district. The Mapuche successfully fought of... | How long were the Mapuche able to fight off the Spaniards? | {
"answer_start": [
346
],
"text": [
"350 years"
]
} |
57318280e6313a140071cfe8 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | According to the 2002 Census, 4.6% of the Chilean population, including the Rapanui (a Polynesian people) of Easter Island, was indigenous, although most show varying degrees of mixed heritage. Many are descendants of the Mapuche, and live in Santiago, Araucanía and the lake district. The Mapuche successfully fought of... | When did the Mapuche surrender to the Chilean army? | {
"answer_start": [
588
],
"text": [
"1880s"
]
} |
57318336a5e9cc1400cdc003 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Ecuador was the site of many indigenous cultures, and civilizations of different proportions. An early sedentary culture, known as the Valdivia culture, developed in the coastal region, while the Caras and the Quitus unified to form an elaborate civilization that ended at the birth of the Capital Quito. The Cañaris nea... | What was Ecuador the site of? | {
"answer_start": [
24
],
"text": [
"many indigenous cultures"
]
} |
57318336a5e9cc1400cdc004 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Ecuador was the site of many indigenous cultures, and civilizations of different proportions. An early sedentary culture, known as the Valdivia culture, developed in the coastal region, while the Caras and the Quitus unified to form an elaborate civilization that ended at the birth of the Capital Quito. The Cañaris nea... | Where did the Valdivia culture develop? | {
"answer_start": [
170
],
"text": [
"coastal region"
]
} |
57318336a5e9cc1400cdc005 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Ecuador was the site of many indigenous cultures, and civilizations of different proportions. An early sedentary culture, known as the Valdivia culture, developed in the coastal region, while the Caras and the Quitus unified to form an elaborate civilization that ended at the birth of the Capital Quito. The Cañaris nea... | What two cultures unified to for an elaborate civilization? | {
"answer_start": [
192
],
"text": [
"the Caras and the Quitus"
]
} |
57318336a5e9cc1400cdc006 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Ecuador was the site of many indigenous cultures, and civilizations of different proportions. An early sedentary culture, known as the Valdivia culture, developed in the coastal region, while the Caras and the Quitus unified to form an elaborate civilization that ended at the birth of the Capital Quito. The Cañaris nea... | What culture did the Inca fear the most? | {
"answer_start": [
305
],
"text": [
"The Cañaris"
]
} |
57318336a5e9cc1400cdc007 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Ecuador was the site of many indigenous cultures, and civilizations of different proportions. An early sedentary culture, known as the Valdivia culture, developed in the coastal region, while the Caras and the Quitus unified to form an elaborate civilization that ended at the birth of the Capital Quito. The Cañaris nea... | What did the Spaniards and Incas destroy? | {
"answer_start": [
443
],
"text": [
"architecture remains"
]
} |
57318409e6313a140071cff8 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Approximately 96.4% of Ecuador's Indigenous population are Highland Quichuas living in the valleys of the Sierra region. Primarily consisting of the descendents of Incans, they are Kichwa speakers and include the Caranqui, the Otavalos, the Cayambi, the Quitu-Caras, the Panzaleo, the Chimbuelo, the Salasacan, the Tugua... | What percentage of Ecuador's indigenous population are Highland Quichuas? | {
"answer_start": [
14
],
"text": [
"96.4%"
]
} |
57318409e6313a140071cff9 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Approximately 96.4% of Ecuador's Indigenous population are Highland Quichuas living in the valleys of the Sierra region. Primarily consisting of the descendents of Incans, they are Kichwa speakers and include the Caranqui, the Otavalos, the Cayambi, the Quitu-Caras, the Panzaleo, the Chimbuelo, the Salasacan, the Tugua... | Where do the Highland Quichuas live? | {
"answer_start": [
91
],
"text": [
"valleys of the Sierra region"
]
} |
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