id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 442 values | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 270 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
56f78e35aef2371900625bd4 | Marshall_Islands | Captain John Charles Marshall and Thomas Gilbert visited the islands in 1788. The islands were named for Marshall on Western charts, although the natives have historically named their home "jolet jen Anij" (Gifts from God). Around 1820, Russian explorer Adam Johann von Krusenstern and the French explorer Louis Isidore Duperrey named the islands after John Marshall, and drew maps of the islands. The designation was repeated later on British maps.[citation needed] In 1824 the crew of the American whaler Globe mutinied and some of the crew put ashore on Mulgrave Island. One year later, the American schooner Dolphin arrived and picked up two boys, the last survivors of a massacre by the natives due to their brutal treatment of the women.:2 | Which French citizen was involved in naming the Marshall Islands? | {
"answer_start": [
306
],
"text": [
"Louis Isidore Duperrey"
]
} |
56f78e35aef2371900625bd5 | Marshall_Islands | Captain John Charles Marshall and Thomas Gilbert visited the islands in 1788. The islands were named for Marshall on Western charts, although the natives have historically named their home "jolet jen Anij" (Gifts from God). Around 1820, Russian explorer Adam Johann von Krusenstern and the French explorer Louis Isidore Duperrey named the islands after John Marshall, and drew maps of the islands. The designation was repeated later on British maps.[citation needed] In 1824 the crew of the American whaler Globe mutinied and some of the crew put ashore on Mulgrave Island. One year later, the American schooner Dolphin arrived and picked up two boys, the last survivors of a massacre by the natives due to their brutal treatment of the women.:2 | At what island did the Globe arrive in 1824? | {
"answer_start": [
557
],
"text": [
"Mulgrave"
]
} |
56f956c89b226e1400dd1360 | Marshall_Islands | Captain John Charles Marshall and Thomas Gilbert visited the islands in 1788. The islands were named for Marshall on Western charts, although the natives have historically named their home "jolet jen Anij" (Gifts from God). Around 1820, Russian explorer Adam Johann von Krusenstern and the French explorer Louis Isidore Duperrey named the islands after John Marshall, and drew maps of the islands. The designation was repeated later on British maps.[citation needed] In 1824 the crew of the American whaler Globe mutinied and some of the crew put ashore on Mulgrave Island. One year later, the American schooner Dolphin arrived and picked up two boys, the last survivors of a massacre by the natives due to their brutal treatment of the women.:2 | Who notably accompanied John Charles Marshall to the Marshall Islands? | {
"answer_start": [
34
],
"text": [
"Thomas Gilbert"
]
} |
56f956c89b226e1400dd1361 | Marshall_Islands | Captain John Charles Marshall and Thomas Gilbert visited the islands in 1788. The islands were named for Marshall on Western charts, although the natives have historically named their home "jolet jen Anij" (Gifts from God). Around 1820, Russian explorer Adam Johann von Krusenstern and the French explorer Louis Isidore Duperrey named the islands after John Marshall, and drew maps of the islands. The designation was repeated later on British maps.[citation needed] In 1824 the crew of the American whaler Globe mutinied and some of the crew put ashore on Mulgrave Island. One year later, the American schooner Dolphin arrived and picked up two boys, the last survivors of a massacre by the natives due to their brutal treatment of the women.:2 | In what year did Marshall and Gilbert go to the islands? | {
"answer_start": [
72
],
"text": [
"1788"
]
} |
56f956c89b226e1400dd1362 | Marshall_Islands | Captain John Charles Marshall and Thomas Gilbert visited the islands in 1788. The islands were named for Marshall on Western charts, although the natives have historically named their home "jolet jen Anij" (Gifts from God). Around 1820, Russian explorer Adam Johann von Krusenstern and the French explorer Louis Isidore Duperrey named the islands after John Marshall, and drew maps of the islands. The designation was repeated later on British maps.[citation needed] In 1824 the crew of the American whaler Globe mutinied and some of the crew put ashore on Mulgrave Island. One year later, the American schooner Dolphin arrived and picked up two boys, the last survivors of a massacre by the natives due to their brutal treatment of the women.:2 | What is the traditional name of the Marshall Islands? | {
"answer_start": [
190
],
"text": [
"jolet jen Anij"
]
} |
56f956c89b226e1400dd1363 | Marshall_Islands | Captain John Charles Marshall and Thomas Gilbert visited the islands in 1788. The islands were named for Marshall on Western charts, although the natives have historically named their home "jolet jen Anij" (Gifts from God). Around 1820, Russian explorer Adam Johann von Krusenstern and the French explorer Louis Isidore Duperrey named the islands after John Marshall, and drew maps of the islands. The designation was repeated later on British maps.[citation needed] In 1824 the crew of the American whaler Globe mutinied and some of the crew put ashore on Mulgrave Island. One year later, the American schooner Dolphin arrived and picked up two boys, the last survivors of a massacre by the natives due to their brutal treatment of the women.:2 | What is the English translation of the traditional name of the Marshall Islands? | {
"answer_start": [
207
],
"text": [
"Gifts from God"
]
} |
56f956c89b226e1400dd1364 | Marshall_Islands | Captain John Charles Marshall and Thomas Gilbert visited the islands in 1788. The islands were named for Marshall on Western charts, although the natives have historically named their home "jolet jen Anij" (Gifts from God). Around 1820, Russian explorer Adam Johann von Krusenstern and the French explorer Louis Isidore Duperrey named the islands after John Marshall, and drew maps of the islands. The designation was repeated later on British maps.[citation needed] In 1824 the crew of the American whaler Globe mutinied and some of the crew put ashore on Mulgrave Island. One year later, the American schooner Dolphin arrived and picked up two boys, the last survivors of a massacre by the natives due to their brutal treatment of the women.:2 | On what island did mutinous American whalers land in 1824? | {
"answer_start": [
557
],
"text": [
"Mulgrave Island"
]
} |
56f799d2a6d7ea1400e1725e | Marshall_Islands | A number of vessels visiting the islands were attacked and their crews killed. In 1834, Captain DonSette and his crew were killed. Similarly, in 1845 the schooner Naiad punished a native for stealing with such violence that the natives attacked the ship. Later that year a whaler's boat crew were killed. In 1852 the San Francisco-based ships Glencoe and Sea Nymph were attacked and everyone aboard except for one crew member were killed. The violence was usually attributed as a response to the ill treatment of the natives in response to petty theft, which was a common practice. In 1857, two missionaries successfully settled on Ebon, living among the natives through at least 1870.:3 | Who was the leader of the group attacked by the people of the Marshall Islands in 1834? | {
"answer_start": [
88
],
"text": [
"Captain DonSette"
]
} |
56f799d2a6d7ea1400e1725f | Marshall_Islands | A number of vessels visiting the islands were attacked and their crews killed. In 1834, Captain DonSette and his crew were killed. Similarly, in 1845 the schooner Naiad punished a native for stealing with such violence that the natives attacked the ship. Later that year a whaler's boat crew were killed. In 1852 the San Francisco-based ships Glencoe and Sea Nymph were attacked and everyone aboard except for one crew member were killed. The violence was usually attributed as a response to the ill treatment of the natives in response to petty theft, which was a common practice. In 1857, two missionaries successfully settled on Ebon, living among the natives through at least 1870.:3 | What vessel was attacked in 1845? | {
"answer_start": [
163
],
"text": [
"Naiad"
]
} |
56f799d2a6d7ea1400e17260 | Marshall_Islands | A number of vessels visiting the islands were attacked and their crews killed. In 1834, Captain DonSette and his crew were killed. Similarly, in 1845 the schooner Naiad punished a native for stealing with such violence that the natives attacked the ship. Later that year a whaler's boat crew were killed. In 1852 the San Francisco-based ships Glencoe and Sea Nymph were attacked and everyone aboard except for one crew member were killed. The violence was usually attributed as a response to the ill treatment of the natives in response to petty theft, which was a common practice. In 1857, two missionaries successfully settled on Ebon, living among the natives through at least 1870.:3 | What ships were attacked in 1852? | {
"answer_start": [
343
],
"text": [
"Glencoe and Sea Nymph"
]
} |
56f799d2a6d7ea1400e17261 | Marshall_Islands | A number of vessels visiting the islands were attacked and their crews killed. In 1834, Captain DonSette and his crew were killed. Similarly, in 1845 the schooner Naiad punished a native for stealing with such violence that the natives attacked the ship. Later that year a whaler's boat crew were killed. In 1852 the San Francisco-based ships Glencoe and Sea Nymph were attacked and everyone aboard except for one crew member were killed. The violence was usually attributed as a response to the ill treatment of the natives in response to petty theft, which was a common practice. In 1857, two missionaries successfully settled on Ebon, living among the natives through at least 1870.:3 | In what year did missionaries arrive to live in the Marshall Islands? | {
"answer_start": [
585
],
"text": [
"1857"
]
} |
56f799d2a6d7ea1400e17262 | Marshall_Islands | A number of vessels visiting the islands were attacked and their crews killed. In 1834, Captain DonSette and his crew were killed. Similarly, in 1845 the schooner Naiad punished a native for stealing with such violence that the natives attacked the ship. Later that year a whaler's boat crew were killed. In 1852 the San Francisco-based ships Glencoe and Sea Nymph were attacked and everyone aboard except for one crew member were killed. The violence was usually attributed as a response to the ill treatment of the natives in response to petty theft, which was a common practice. In 1857, two missionaries successfully settled on Ebon, living among the natives through at least 1870.:3 | On what island did the Missionaries live with citizens of the Marshall Islands? | {
"answer_start": [
632
],
"text": [
"Ebon"
]
} |
56f9575c9e9bad19000a0849 | Marshall_Islands | A number of vessels visiting the islands were attacked and their crews killed. In 1834, Captain DonSette and his crew were killed. Similarly, in 1845 the schooner Naiad punished a native for stealing with such violence that the natives attacked the ship. Later that year a whaler's boat crew were killed. In 1852 the San Francisco-based ships Glencoe and Sea Nymph were attacked and everyone aboard except for one crew member were killed. The violence was usually attributed as a response to the ill treatment of the natives in response to petty theft, which was a common practice. In 1857, two missionaries successfully settled on Ebon, living among the natives through at least 1870.:3 | Who was the captain of the crew killed in 1834? | {
"answer_start": [
88
],
"text": [
"Captain DonSette"
]
} |
56f9575c9e9bad19000a084a | Marshall_Islands | A number of vessels visiting the islands were attacked and their crews killed. In 1834, Captain DonSette and his crew were killed. Similarly, in 1845 the schooner Naiad punished a native for stealing with such violence that the natives attacked the ship. Later that year a whaler's boat crew were killed. In 1852 the San Francisco-based ships Glencoe and Sea Nymph were attacked and everyone aboard except for one crew member were killed. The violence was usually attributed as a response to the ill treatment of the natives in response to petty theft, which was a common practice. In 1857, two missionaries successfully settled on Ebon, living among the natives through at least 1870.:3 | In what year was the ship Naiad attacked by natives? | {
"answer_start": [
145
],
"text": [
"1845"
]
} |
56f9575c9e9bad19000a084b | Marshall_Islands | A number of vessels visiting the islands were attacked and their crews killed. In 1834, Captain DonSette and his crew were killed. Similarly, in 1845 the schooner Naiad punished a native for stealing with such violence that the natives attacked the ship. Later that year a whaler's boat crew were killed. In 1852 the San Francisco-based ships Glencoe and Sea Nymph were attacked and everyone aboard except for one crew member were killed. The violence was usually attributed as a response to the ill treatment of the natives in response to petty theft, which was a common practice. In 1857, two missionaries successfully settled on Ebon, living among the natives through at least 1870.:3 | What type of ship was the Naiad? | {
"answer_start": [
154
],
"text": [
"schooner"
]
} |
56f9575c9e9bad19000a084c | Marshall_Islands | A number of vessels visiting the islands were attacked and their crews killed. In 1834, Captain DonSette and his crew were killed. Similarly, in 1845 the schooner Naiad punished a native for stealing with such violence that the natives attacked the ship. Later that year a whaler's boat crew were killed. In 1852 the San Francisco-based ships Glencoe and Sea Nymph were attacked and everyone aboard except for one crew member were killed. The violence was usually attributed as a response to the ill treatment of the natives in response to petty theft, which was a common practice. In 1857, two missionaries successfully settled on Ebon, living among the natives through at least 1870.:3 | Out of what city was the Sea Nymph sailing? | {
"answer_start": [
317
],
"text": [
"San Francisco"
]
} |
56f9575c9e9bad19000a084d | Marshall_Islands | A number of vessels visiting the islands were attacked and their crews killed. In 1834, Captain DonSette and his crew were killed. Similarly, in 1845 the schooner Naiad punished a native for stealing with such violence that the natives attacked the ship. Later that year a whaler's boat crew were killed. In 1852 the San Francisco-based ships Glencoe and Sea Nymph were attacked and everyone aboard except for one crew member were killed. The violence was usually attributed as a response to the ill treatment of the natives in response to petty theft, which was a common practice. In 1857, two missionaries successfully settled on Ebon, living among the natives through at least 1870.:3 | Where did missionaries live as of 1857? | {
"answer_start": [
632
],
"text": [
"Ebon"
]
} |
56f957e29b226e1400dd136a | Marshall_Islands | Although the Spanish Empire had a residual claim on the Marshalls in 1874, when she began asserting her sovereignty over the Carolines, she made no effort to prevent the German Empire from gaining a foothold there. Britain also raised no objection to a German protectorate over the Marshalls in exchange for German recognition of Britain's rights in the Gilbert and Ellice Islands. On October 13, 1885, SMS Nautilus under Captain Rötger brought German emissaries to Jaluit. They signed a treaty with Kabua, whom the Germans had earlier recognized as "King of the Ralik Islands," on October 15. | What nation had a claim on the Marshall Islands as of 1874? | {
"answer_start": [
9
],
"text": [
"the Spanish Empire"
]
} |
56f957e29b226e1400dd136b | Marshall_Islands | Although the Spanish Empire had a residual claim on the Marshalls in 1874, when she began asserting her sovereignty over the Carolines, she made no effort to prevent the German Empire from gaining a foothold there. Britain also raised no objection to a German protectorate over the Marshalls in exchange for German recognition of Britain's rights in the Gilbert and Ellice Islands. On October 13, 1885, SMS Nautilus under Captain Rötger brought German emissaries to Jaluit. They signed a treaty with Kabua, whom the Germans had earlier recognized as "King of the Ralik Islands," on October 15. | What nation formed a protectorate over the Marshall Islands? | {
"answer_start": [
166
],
"text": [
"the German Empire"
]
} |
56f957e29b226e1400dd136c | Marshall_Islands | Although the Spanish Empire had a residual claim on the Marshalls in 1874, when she began asserting her sovereignty over the Carolines, she made no effort to prevent the German Empire from gaining a foothold there. Britain also raised no objection to a German protectorate over the Marshalls in exchange for German recognition of Britain's rights in the Gilbert and Ellice Islands. On October 13, 1885, SMS Nautilus under Captain Rötger brought German emissaries to Jaluit. They signed a treaty with Kabua, whom the Germans had earlier recognized as "King of the Ralik Islands," on October 15. | What nation asserted their rights over the Gilbert and Ellice islands? | {
"answer_start": [
215
],
"text": [
"Britain"
]
} |
56f957e29b226e1400dd136d | Marshall_Islands | Although the Spanish Empire had a residual claim on the Marshalls in 1874, when she began asserting her sovereignty over the Carolines, she made no effort to prevent the German Empire from gaining a foothold there. Britain also raised no objection to a German protectorate over the Marshalls in exchange for German recognition of Britain's rights in the Gilbert and Ellice Islands. On October 13, 1885, SMS Nautilus under Captain Rötger brought German emissaries to Jaluit. They signed a treaty with Kabua, whom the Germans had earlier recognized as "King of the Ralik Islands," on October 15. | On what ship did German ambassadors arrive in the Marshall Islands? | {
"answer_start": [
403
],
"text": [
"SMS Nautilus"
]
} |
56f957e29b226e1400dd136e | Marshall_Islands | Although the Spanish Empire had a residual claim on the Marshalls in 1874, when she began asserting her sovereignty over the Carolines, she made no effort to prevent the German Empire from gaining a foothold there. Britain also raised no objection to a German protectorate over the Marshalls in exchange for German recognition of Britain's rights in the Gilbert and Ellice Islands. On October 13, 1885, SMS Nautilus under Captain Rötger brought German emissaries to Jaluit. They signed a treaty with Kabua, whom the Germans had earlier recognized as "King of the Ralik Islands," on October 15. | What title did the Germans give to Kabua? | {
"answer_start": [
551
],
"text": [
"King of the Ralik Islands"
]
} |
56f9586b9b226e1400dd1374 | Marshall_Islands | Subsequently, seven other chiefs on seven other islands signed a treaty in German and Marshallese and a final copy witnessed by Rötger on November 1 was sent to the German Foreign Office. The Germans erected a sign declaring a "Imperial German Protectorate" at Jaluit. It has been speculated that the crisis over the Carolines with Spain, which almost provoked a war, was in fact "a feint to cover the acquisition of the Marshall Islands", which went almost unnoticed at the time, despite the islands being the largest source of copra in Micronesia. Spain sold the islands to Germany in 1884 through papal mediation. | On what day was a final treaty signed between the Marshall Islands chiefs and the Germans? | {
"answer_start": [
138
],
"text": [
"November 1"
]
} |
56f9586b9b226e1400dd1375 | Marshall_Islands | Subsequently, seven other chiefs on seven other islands signed a treaty in German and Marshallese and a final copy witnessed by Rötger on November 1 was sent to the German Foreign Office. The Germans erected a sign declaring a "Imperial German Protectorate" at Jaluit. It has been speculated that the crisis over the Carolines with Spain, which almost provoked a war, was in fact "a feint to cover the acquisition of the Marshall Islands", which went almost unnoticed at the time, despite the islands being the largest source of copra in Micronesia. Spain sold the islands to Germany in 1884 through papal mediation. | What status did the Marshall Islands have in Germany? | {
"answer_start": [
228
],
"text": [
"Imperial German Protectorate"
]
} |
56f9586b9b226e1400dd1376 | Marshall_Islands | Subsequently, seven other chiefs on seven other islands signed a treaty in German and Marshallese and a final copy witnessed by Rötger on November 1 was sent to the German Foreign Office. The Germans erected a sign declaring a "Imperial German Protectorate" at Jaluit. It has been speculated that the crisis over the Carolines with Spain, which almost provoked a war, was in fact "a feint to cover the acquisition of the Marshall Islands", which went almost unnoticed at the time, despite the islands being the largest source of copra in Micronesia. Spain sold the islands to Germany in 1884 through papal mediation. | What nation had control of the Carolines? | {
"answer_start": [
332
],
"text": [
"Spain"
]
} |
56f9586b9b226e1400dd1377 | Marshall_Islands | Subsequently, seven other chiefs on seven other islands signed a treaty in German and Marshallese and a final copy witnessed by Rötger on November 1 was sent to the German Foreign Office. The Germans erected a sign declaring a "Imperial German Protectorate" at Jaluit. It has been speculated that the crisis over the Carolines with Spain, which almost provoked a war, was in fact "a feint to cover the acquisition of the Marshall Islands", which went almost unnoticed at the time, despite the islands being the largest source of copra in Micronesia. Spain sold the islands to Germany in 1884 through papal mediation. | What notable resource was available in the Marshall Islands? | {
"answer_start": [
529
],
"text": [
"copra"
]
} |
56f9586b9b226e1400dd1378 | Marshall_Islands | Subsequently, seven other chiefs on seven other islands signed a treaty in German and Marshallese and a final copy witnessed by Rötger on November 1 was sent to the German Foreign Office. The Germans erected a sign declaring a "Imperial German Protectorate" at Jaluit. It has been speculated that the crisis over the Carolines with Spain, which almost provoked a war, was in fact "a feint to cover the acquisition of the Marshall Islands", which went almost unnoticed at the time, despite the islands being the largest source of copra in Micronesia. Spain sold the islands to Germany in 1884 through papal mediation. | In what year did Germany buy the Marshalls from Spain? | {
"answer_start": [
587
],
"text": [
"1884"
]
} |
56f959019e9bad19000a085d | Marshall_Islands | A German trading company, the Jaluit Gesellschaft, administered the islands from 1887 until 1905. They conscripted the islanders as laborers and mistreated them. After the German–Spanish Treaty of 1899, in which Germany acquired the Carolines, Palau, and the Marianas from Spain, Germany placed all of its Micronesian islands, including the Marshalls, under the governor of German New Guinea. | What company ran the Marshall Islands in the late 19th century? | {
"answer_start": [
26
],
"text": [
"the Jaluit Gesellschaft"
]
} |
56f959019e9bad19000a085e | Marshall_Islands | A German trading company, the Jaluit Gesellschaft, administered the islands from 1887 until 1905. They conscripted the islanders as laborers and mistreated them. After the German–Spanish Treaty of 1899, in which Germany acquired the Carolines, Palau, and the Marianas from Spain, Germany placed all of its Micronesian islands, including the Marshalls, under the governor of German New Guinea. | When did the Jaluit Gesellschaft's administration of the islands end? | {
"answer_start": [
92
],
"text": [
"1905"
]
} |
56f959019e9bad19000a085f | Marshall_Islands | A German trading company, the Jaluit Gesellschaft, administered the islands from 1887 until 1905. They conscripted the islanders as laborers and mistreated them. After the German–Spanish Treaty of 1899, in which Germany acquired the Carolines, Palau, and the Marianas from Spain, Germany placed all of its Micronesian islands, including the Marshalls, under the governor of German New Guinea. | What document was signed in 1899? | {
"answer_start": [
168
],
"text": [
"the German–Spanish Treaty of 1899"
]
} |
56f959019e9bad19000a0860 | Marshall_Islands | A German trading company, the Jaluit Gesellschaft, administered the islands from 1887 until 1905. They conscripted the islanders as laborers and mistreated them. After the German–Spanish Treaty of 1899, in which Germany acquired the Carolines, Palau, and the Marianas from Spain, Germany placed all of its Micronesian islands, including the Marshalls, under the governor of German New Guinea. | Along with the Marianas and Palau, what islands were acquired from Spain in 1899? | {
"answer_start": [
229
],
"text": [
"the Carolines"
]
} |
56f959019e9bad19000a0861 | Marshall_Islands | A German trading company, the Jaluit Gesellschaft, administered the islands from 1887 until 1905. They conscripted the islanders as laborers and mistreated them. After the German–Spanish Treaty of 1899, in which Germany acquired the Carolines, Palau, and the Marianas from Spain, Germany placed all of its Micronesian islands, including the Marshalls, under the governor of German New Guinea. | What official administered Germany's Micronesian possessions? | {
"answer_start": [
358
],
"text": [
"the governor of German New Guinea"
]
} |
56f959be9b226e1400dd137e | Marshall_Islands | Catholic missionary Father A. Erdland, from the Sacred Heart Jesu Society based in Hiltrup, Germany, lived on Jaluit from around 1904 to 1914. He was very interested in the islands and conducted considerable research on the Marshallese culture and language. He published a 376-page monograph on the islands in 1914. Father H. Linckens, another missionary from the Sacred Heart of Jesu Society visited the Marshall Islands in 1904 and 1911 for several weeks. He published a small work in 1912 about the Catholic mission activities and the people of the Marshall Islands. | What Catholic group was Father Erdland a part of? | {
"answer_start": [
44
],
"text": [
"the Sacred Heart Jesu Society"
]
} |
56f959be9b226e1400dd137f | Marshall_Islands | Catholic missionary Father A. Erdland, from the Sacred Heart Jesu Society based in Hiltrup, Germany, lived on Jaluit from around 1904 to 1914. He was very interested in the islands and conducted considerable research on the Marshallese culture and language. He published a 376-page monograph on the islands in 1914. Father H. Linckens, another missionary from the Sacred Heart of Jesu Society visited the Marshall Islands in 1904 and 1911 for several weeks. He published a small work in 1912 about the Catholic mission activities and the people of the Marshall Islands. | In what year did Father Erdland leave the Marshall Islands? | {
"answer_start": [
137
],
"text": [
"1914"
]
} |
56f959be9b226e1400dd1380 | Marshall_Islands | Catholic missionary Father A. Erdland, from the Sacred Heart Jesu Society based in Hiltrup, Germany, lived on Jaluit from around 1904 to 1914. He was very interested in the islands and conducted considerable research on the Marshallese culture and language. He published a 376-page monograph on the islands in 1914. Father H. Linckens, another missionary from the Sacred Heart of Jesu Society visited the Marshall Islands in 1904 and 1911 for several weeks. He published a small work in 1912 about the Catholic mission activities and the people of the Marshall Islands. | In what year was Father Linckens' last visit to the Marshalls? | {
"answer_start": [
434
],
"text": [
"1911"
]
} |
56f959be9b226e1400dd1381 | Marshall_Islands | Catholic missionary Father A. Erdland, from the Sacred Heart Jesu Society based in Hiltrup, Germany, lived on Jaluit from around 1904 to 1914. He was very interested in the islands and conducted considerable research on the Marshallese culture and language. He published a 376-page monograph on the islands in 1914. Father H. Linckens, another missionary from the Sacred Heart of Jesu Society visited the Marshall Islands in 1904 and 1911 for several weeks. He published a small work in 1912 about the Catholic mission activities and the people of the Marshall Islands. | When was Father Linckens' book published? | {
"answer_start": [
487
],
"text": [
"1912"
]
} |
56f959be9b226e1400dd1382 | Marshall_Islands | Catholic missionary Father A. Erdland, from the Sacred Heart Jesu Society based in Hiltrup, Germany, lived on Jaluit from around 1904 to 1914. He was very interested in the islands and conducted considerable research on the Marshallese culture and language. He published a 376-page monograph on the islands in 1914. Father H. Linckens, another missionary from the Sacred Heart of Jesu Society visited the Marshall Islands in 1904 and 1911 for several weeks. He published a small work in 1912 about the Catholic mission activities and the people of the Marshall Islands. | In what year did Father Linckens first travel to the Marshalls? | {
"answer_start": [
425
],
"text": [
"1904"
]
} |
56f95a099b226e1400dd1388 | Marshall_Islands | Under German control, and even before then, Japanese traders and fishermen from time to time visited the Marshall Islands, although contact with the islanders was irregular. After the Meiji Restoration (1868), the Japanese government adopted a policy of turning the Japanese Empire into a great economic and military power in East Asia. | What notable historical event occurred in Japan in 1868? | {
"answer_start": [
180
],
"text": [
"the Meiji Restoration"
]
} |
56f95a099b226e1400dd1389 | Marshall_Islands | Under German control, and even before then, Japanese traders and fishermen from time to time visited the Marshall Islands, although contact with the islanders was irregular. After the Meiji Restoration (1868), the Japanese government adopted a policy of turning the Japanese Empire into a great economic and military power in East Asia. | In what region did the Japanese attempt to build up their power after 1868? | {
"answer_start": [
326
],
"text": [
"East Asia"
]
} |
56f95a099b226e1400dd138a | Marshall_Islands | Under German control, and even before then, Japanese traders and fishermen from time to time visited the Marshall Islands, although contact with the islanders was irregular. After the Meiji Restoration (1868), the Japanese government adopted a policy of turning the Japanese Empire into a great economic and military power in East Asia. | Along with fishermen, what sort of Japanese people visited the Marshalls? | {
"answer_start": [
53
],
"text": [
"traders"
]
} |
56f95a919b226e1400dd138e | Marshall_Islands | In 1914, Japan joined the Entente during World War I and captured various German Empire colonies, including several in Micronesia. On September 29, 1914, Japanese troops occupied the Enewetak Atoll, and on September 30, 1914, the Jaluit Atoll, the administrative centre of the Marshall Islands. After the war, on June 28, 1919, Germany signed (under protest) the Treaty of Versailles. It renounced all of its Pacific possessions, including the Marshall Islands. On December 17, 1920, the Council of the League of Nations approved the South Pacific Mandate for Japan to take over all former German colonies in the Pacific Ocean located north of the Equator. The Administrative Centre of the Marshall Islands archipelago remained Jaluit. | On what date did the Japanese land on Enewetak? | {
"answer_start": [
134
],
"text": [
"September 29, 1914"
]
} |
56f95a919b226e1400dd138f | Marshall_Islands | In 1914, Japan joined the Entente during World War I and captured various German Empire colonies, including several in Micronesia. On September 29, 1914, Japanese troops occupied the Enewetak Atoll, and on September 30, 1914, the Jaluit Atoll, the administrative centre of the Marshall Islands. After the war, on June 28, 1919, Germany signed (under protest) the Treaty of Versailles. It renounced all of its Pacific possessions, including the Marshall Islands. On December 17, 1920, the Council of the League of Nations approved the South Pacific Mandate for Japan to take over all former German colonies in the Pacific Ocean located north of the Equator. The Administrative Centre of the Marshall Islands archipelago remained Jaluit. | What military alliance did the Japanese join in the First World War? | {
"answer_start": [
22
],
"text": [
"the Entente"
]
} |
56f95a919b226e1400dd1390 | Marshall_Islands | In 1914, Japan joined the Entente during World War I and captured various German Empire colonies, including several in Micronesia. On September 29, 1914, Japanese troops occupied the Enewetak Atoll, and on September 30, 1914, the Jaluit Atoll, the administrative centre of the Marshall Islands. After the war, on June 28, 1919, Germany signed (under protest) the Treaty of Versailles. It renounced all of its Pacific possessions, including the Marshall Islands. On December 17, 1920, the Council of the League of Nations approved the South Pacific Mandate for Japan to take over all former German colonies in the Pacific Ocean located north of the Equator. The Administrative Centre of the Marshall Islands archipelago remained Jaluit. | What did the Japanese occupy on September 30, 1914? | {
"answer_start": [
226
],
"text": [
"the Jaluit Atoll"
]
} |
56f95a919b226e1400dd1391 | Marshall_Islands | In 1914, Japan joined the Entente during World War I and captured various German Empire colonies, including several in Micronesia. On September 29, 1914, Japanese troops occupied the Enewetak Atoll, and on September 30, 1914, the Jaluit Atoll, the administrative centre of the Marshall Islands. After the war, on June 28, 1919, Germany signed (under protest) the Treaty of Versailles. It renounced all of its Pacific possessions, including the Marshall Islands. On December 17, 1920, the Council of the League of Nations approved the South Pacific Mandate for Japan to take over all former German colonies in the Pacific Ocean located north of the Equator. The Administrative Centre of the Marshall Islands archipelago remained Jaluit. | On what date was the Treaty of Versailles signed? | {
"answer_start": [
313
],
"text": [
"June 28, 1919"
]
} |
56f95a919b226e1400dd1392 | Marshall_Islands | In 1914, Japan joined the Entente during World War I and captured various German Empire colonies, including several in Micronesia. On September 29, 1914, Japanese troops occupied the Enewetak Atoll, and on September 30, 1914, the Jaluit Atoll, the administrative centre of the Marshall Islands. After the war, on June 28, 1919, Germany signed (under protest) the Treaty of Versailles. It renounced all of its Pacific possessions, including the Marshall Islands. On December 17, 1920, the Council of the League of Nations approved the South Pacific Mandate for Japan to take over all former German colonies in the Pacific Ocean located north of the Equator. The Administrative Centre of the Marshall Islands archipelago remained Jaluit. | When was the South Pacific Mandate for Japan approved? | {
"answer_start": [
465
],
"text": [
"December 17, 1920"
]
} |
56f95b049e9bad19000a0871 | Marshall_Islands | The German Empire had primarily economic interests in Micronesia. The Japanese interests were in land. Despite the Marshalls' small area and few resources, the absorption of the territory by Japan would to some extent alleviate Japan's problem of an increasing population with a diminishing amount of available land to house it. During its years of colonial rule, Japan moved more than 1,000 Japanese to the Marshall Islands although they never outnumbered the indigenous peoples as they did in the Mariana Islands and Palau. | About how many Japanese emigrated to the Marshalls when it was a Japanese colony? | {
"answer_start": [
386
],
"text": [
"1,000"
]
} |
56f95b049e9bad19000a0872 | Marshall_Islands | The German Empire had primarily economic interests in Micronesia. The Japanese interests were in land. Despite the Marshalls' small area and few resources, the absorption of the territory by Japan would to some extent alleviate Japan's problem of an increasing population with a diminishing amount of available land to house it. During its years of colonial rule, Japan moved more than 1,000 Japanese to the Marshall Islands although they never outnumbered the indigenous peoples as they did in the Mariana Islands and Palau. | What was the primary nature of Germany's interest in the Marshall Islands? | {
"answer_start": [
32
],
"text": [
"economic"
]
} |
56f95b049e9bad19000a0873 | Marshall_Islands | The German Empire had primarily economic interests in Micronesia. The Japanese interests were in land. Despite the Marshalls' small area and few resources, the absorption of the territory by Japan would to some extent alleviate Japan's problem of an increasing population with a diminishing amount of available land to house it. During its years of colonial rule, Japan moved more than 1,000 Japanese to the Marshall Islands although they never outnumbered the indigenous peoples as they did in the Mariana Islands and Palau. | What was the primary nature of Japan's interest in the Marshall Islands? | {
"answer_start": [
97
],
"text": [
"land"
]
} |
56f95b049e9bad19000a0874 | Marshall_Islands | The German Empire had primarily economic interests in Micronesia. The Japanese interests were in land. Despite the Marshalls' small area and few resources, the absorption of the territory by Japan would to some extent alleviate Japan's problem of an increasing population with a diminishing amount of available land to house it. During its years of colonial rule, Japan moved more than 1,000 Japanese to the Marshall Islands although they never outnumbered the indigenous peoples as they did in the Mariana Islands and Palau. | Along with the Mariana Islands, on what island were there more Japanese settlers than indigenous inhabitants? | {
"answer_start": [
519
],
"text": [
"Palau"
]
} |
56f95b769e9bad19000a0879 | Marshall_Islands | The Japanese enlarged administration and appointed local leaders, which weakened the authority of local traditional leaders. Japan also tried to change the social organization in the islands from Matrilineality to the Japanese Patriarchal system, but with no success. Moreover, during the 1930s, one third of all land up to the high water level was declared the property of the Japanese government. On the archipelago, before it banned foreign traders, the activities of Catholic and Protestant missionaries were allowed. Indigenous people were educated in Japanese schools, and studied Japanese language and Japanese culture. This policy was the government strategy not only in the Marshall Islands, but on all the other mandated territories in Micronesia. On March 27, 1933, Japan handed in its notice at the League of Nations, but continued to manage the islands, and in the late 1930s began building air bases on several atolls. The Marshall Islands were in an important geographical position, being the easternmost point in Japan's defensive ring at the beginning of World War II. | What was the traditional social organization of the Marshall Islanders? | {
"answer_start": [
196
],
"text": [
"Matrilineality"
]
} |
56f95b769e9bad19000a087a | Marshall_Islands | The Japanese enlarged administration and appointed local leaders, which weakened the authority of local traditional leaders. Japan also tried to change the social organization in the islands from Matrilineality to the Japanese Patriarchal system, but with no success. Moreover, during the 1930s, one third of all land up to the high water level was declared the property of the Japanese government. On the archipelago, before it banned foreign traders, the activities of Catholic and Protestant missionaries were allowed. Indigenous people were educated in Japanese schools, and studied Japanese language and Japanese culture. This policy was the government strategy not only in the Marshall Islands, but on all the other mandated territories in Micronesia. On March 27, 1933, Japan handed in its notice at the League of Nations, but continued to manage the islands, and in the late 1930s began building air bases on several atolls. The Marshall Islands were in an important geographical position, being the easternmost point in Japan's defensive ring at the beginning of World War II. | What system of social organization was used in Japan? | {
"answer_start": [
214
],
"text": [
"the Japanese Patriarchal system"
]
} |
56f95b769e9bad19000a087b | Marshall_Islands | The Japanese enlarged administration and appointed local leaders, which weakened the authority of local traditional leaders. Japan also tried to change the social organization in the islands from Matrilineality to the Japanese Patriarchal system, but with no success. Moreover, during the 1930s, one third of all land up to the high water level was declared the property of the Japanese government. On the archipelago, before it banned foreign traders, the activities of Catholic and Protestant missionaries were allowed. Indigenous people were educated in Japanese schools, and studied Japanese language and Japanese culture. This policy was the government strategy not only in the Marshall Islands, but on all the other mandated territories in Micronesia. On March 27, 1933, Japan handed in its notice at the League of Nations, but continued to manage the islands, and in the late 1930s began building air bases on several atolls. The Marshall Islands were in an important geographical position, being the easternmost point in Japan's defensive ring at the beginning of World War II. | On what date did the Japanese leave the League of Nations? | {
"answer_start": [
761
],
"text": [
"March 27, 1933"
]
} |
56f95b769e9bad19000a087c | Marshall_Islands | The Japanese enlarged administration and appointed local leaders, which weakened the authority of local traditional leaders. Japan also tried to change the social organization in the islands from Matrilineality to the Japanese Patriarchal system, but with no success. Moreover, during the 1930s, one third of all land up to the high water level was declared the property of the Japanese government. On the archipelago, before it banned foreign traders, the activities of Catholic and Protestant missionaries were allowed. Indigenous people were educated in Japanese schools, and studied Japanese language and Japanese culture. This policy was the government strategy not only in the Marshall Islands, but on all the other mandated territories in Micronesia. On March 27, 1933, Japan handed in its notice at the League of Nations, but continued to manage the islands, and in the late 1930s began building air bases on several atolls. The Marshall Islands were in an important geographical position, being the easternmost point in Japan's defensive ring at the beginning of World War II. | What language were Marshall Islanders taught in schools while under Japanese colonial administration? | {
"answer_start": [
587
],
"text": [
"Japanese"
]
} |
56f95b769e9bad19000a087d | Marshall_Islands | The Japanese enlarged administration and appointed local leaders, which weakened the authority of local traditional leaders. Japan also tried to change the social organization in the islands from Matrilineality to the Japanese Patriarchal system, but with no success. Moreover, during the 1930s, one third of all land up to the high water level was declared the property of the Japanese government. On the archipelago, before it banned foreign traders, the activities of Catholic and Protestant missionaries were allowed. Indigenous people were educated in Japanese schools, and studied Japanese language and Japanese culture. This policy was the government strategy not only in the Marshall Islands, but on all the other mandated territories in Micronesia. On March 27, 1933, Japan handed in its notice at the League of Nations, but continued to manage the islands, and in the late 1930s began building air bases on several atolls. The Marshall Islands were in an important geographical position, being the easternmost point in Japan's defensive ring at the beginning of World War II. | Along with Protestants, missionaries from what denomination were allowed to operate in the Marshalls? | {
"answer_start": [
471
],
"text": [
"Catholic"
]
} |
56f95bb59b226e1400dd13a2 | Marshall_Islands | In the months before the attack on Pearl Harbor, Kwajalein Atoll was the administrative center of the Japanese 6th Fleet Forces Service, whose task was the defense of the Marshall Islands. | What Japanese fleet was based in the Marshall Islands? | {
"answer_start": [
111
],
"text": [
"6th Fleet"
]
} |
56f95bb59b226e1400dd13a3 | Marshall_Islands | In the months before the attack on Pearl Harbor, Kwajalein Atoll was the administrative center of the Japanese 6th Fleet Forces Service, whose task was the defense of the Marshall Islands. | On what atoll was the 6th Fleet Forces Service based? | {
"answer_start": [
49
],
"text": [
"Kwajalein"
]
} |
56f95bb59b226e1400dd13a4 | Marshall_Islands | In the months before the attack on Pearl Harbor, Kwajalein Atoll was the administrative center of the Japanese 6th Fleet Forces Service, whose task was the defense of the Marshall Islands. | What was the mission of the 6th Fleet Forces Service? | {
"answer_start": [
156
],
"text": [
"defense of the Marshall Islands"
]
} |
56f95c439b226e1400dd13a8 | Marshall_Islands | In World War II, the United States, during the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign, invaded and occupied the islands in 1944, destroying or isolating the Japanese garrisons. In just one month in 1944, Americans captured Kwajalein Atoll, Majuro and Enewetak, and, in the next two months, the rest of the Marshall Islands, except for Wotje, Mili, Maloelap and Jaluit. | During what conflict did the US occupy the Marshall Islands? | {
"answer_start": [
3
],
"text": [
"World War II"
]
} |
56f95c439b226e1400dd13a9 | Marshall_Islands | In World War II, the United States, during the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign, invaded and occupied the islands in 1944, destroying or isolating the Japanese garrisons. In just one month in 1944, Americans captured Kwajalein Atoll, Majuro and Enewetak, and, in the next two months, the rest of the Marshall Islands, except for Wotje, Mili, Maloelap and Jaluit. | What was the name of the campaign in which the US occupied the Marshalls? | {
"answer_start": [
43
],
"text": [
"the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign"
]
} |
56f95c439b226e1400dd13aa | Marshall_Islands | In World War II, the United States, during the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign, invaded and occupied the islands in 1944, destroying or isolating the Japanese garrisons. In just one month in 1944, Americans captured Kwajalein Atoll, Majuro and Enewetak, and, in the next two months, the rest of the Marshall Islands, except for Wotje, Mili, Maloelap and Jaluit. | In what year did the United States occupy the Marshalls? | {
"answer_start": [
122
],
"text": [
"1944"
]
} |
56f95c439b226e1400dd13ab | Marshall_Islands | In World War II, the United States, during the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign, invaded and occupied the islands in 1944, destroying or isolating the Japanese garrisons. In just one month in 1944, Americans captured Kwajalein Atoll, Majuro and Enewetak, and, in the next two months, the rest of the Marshall Islands, except for Wotje, Mili, Maloelap and Jaluit. | How many months did it take for the US to occupy Kwajalein Atoll, Majuro and Enewetak? | {
"answer_start": [
184
],
"text": [
"one"
]
} |
56f95c439b226e1400dd13ac | Marshall_Islands | In World War II, the United States, during the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign, invaded and occupied the islands in 1944, destroying or isolating the Japanese garrisons. In just one month in 1944, Americans captured Kwajalein Atoll, Majuro and Enewetak, and, in the next two months, the rest of the Marshall Islands, except for Wotje, Mili, Maloelap and Jaluit. | Along with Mili, Maloelap and Jaluit, what parts of the Marshall Islands were not occupied in the first three months of the American campaign? | {
"answer_start": [
334
],
"text": [
"Wotje"
]
} |
56f95ca49e9bad19000a088b | Marshall_Islands | The battle in the Marshall Islands caused irreparable damage, especially on Japanese bases. During the American bombing, the islands' population suffered from lack of food and various injuries. U.S. attacks started in mid-1943, and caused half the Japanese garrison of 5,100 people in the atoll Mili to die from hunger by August 1945. | In what year did American air attacks on the Marshalls begin? | {
"answer_start": [
222
],
"text": [
"1943"
]
} |
56f95ca49e9bad19000a088c | Marshall_Islands | The battle in the Marshall Islands caused irreparable damage, especially on Japanese bases. During the American bombing, the islands' population suffered from lack of food and various injuries. U.S. attacks started in mid-1943, and caused half the Japanese garrison of 5,100 people in the atoll Mili to die from hunger by August 1945. | How large was the Japanese garrison on Mili? | {
"answer_start": [
269
],
"text": [
"5,100"
]
} |
56f95ca49e9bad19000a088d | Marshall_Islands | The battle in the Marshall Islands caused irreparable damage, especially on Japanese bases. During the American bombing, the islands' population suffered from lack of food and various injuries. U.S. attacks started in mid-1943, and caused half the Japanese garrison of 5,100 people in the atoll Mili to die from hunger by August 1945. | What fraction of the Japanese garrison on Mili died due to hunger? | {
"answer_start": [
239
],
"text": [
"half"
]
} |
56f95ca49e9bad19000a088e | Marshall_Islands | The battle in the Marshall Islands caused irreparable damage, especially on Japanese bases. During the American bombing, the islands' population suffered from lack of food and various injuries. U.S. attacks started in mid-1943, and caused half the Japanese garrison of 5,100 people in the atoll Mili to die from hunger by August 1945. | Along with injuries, what suffering did the American bombing cause to the Marshall Islanders? | {
"answer_start": [
159
],
"text": [
"lack of food"
]
} |
56f95d2a9b226e1400dd13ba | Marshall_Islands | Following capture and occupation by the United States during World War II, the Marshall Islands, along with several other island groups located in Micronesia, passed formally to the United States under United Nations auspices in 1947 as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands established pursuant to Security Council Resolution 21. | During what conflict did the US occupy the Marshalls? | {
"answer_start": [
61
],
"text": [
"World War II"
]
} |
56f95d2a9b226e1400dd13bb | Marshall_Islands | Following capture and occupation by the United States during World War II, the Marshall Islands, along with several other island groups located in Micronesia, passed formally to the United States under United Nations auspices in 1947 as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands established pursuant to Security Council Resolution 21. | What resolution of the UN Security Council gave the United States control over the Marshalls? | {
"answer_start": [
312
],
"text": [
"Security Council Resolution 21"
]
} |
56f95d2a9b226e1400dd13bc | Marshall_Islands | Following capture and occupation by the United States during World War II, the Marshall Islands, along with several other island groups located in Micronesia, passed formally to the United States under United Nations auspices in 1947 as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands established pursuant to Security Council Resolution 21. | In what year was the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands created? | {
"answer_start": [
229
],
"text": [
"1947"
]
} |
56f95d2a9b226e1400dd13bd | Marshall_Islands | Following capture and occupation by the United States during World War II, the Marshall Islands, along with several other island groups located in Micronesia, passed formally to the United States under United Nations auspices in 1947 as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands established pursuant to Security Council Resolution 21. | What is the name of the broader region that the Marshall Islands are a part of? | {
"answer_start": [
147
],
"text": [
"Micronesia"
]
} |
56f95da19b226e1400dd13c2 | Marshall_Islands | During the early years of the Cold War from 1946 to 1958, the United States tested 67 nuclear weapons at its Pacific Proving Grounds located in the Marshall Islands, including the largest atmospheric nuclear test ever conducted by the U.S., code named Castle Bravo. "The bombs had a total yield of 108,496 kilotons, over 7,200 times more powerful than the atomic weapons used during World War II." With the 1952 test of the first U.S. hydrogen bomb, code named "Ivy Mike," the island of Elugelab in the Enewetak atoll was destroyed. In 1956, the United States Atomic Energy Commission regarded the Marshall Islands as "by far the most contaminated place in the world." | In what year did the Cold War begin? | {
"answer_start": [
44
],
"text": [
"1946"
]
} |
56f95da19b226e1400dd13c3 | Marshall_Islands | During the early years of the Cold War from 1946 to 1958, the United States tested 67 nuclear weapons at its Pacific Proving Grounds located in the Marshall Islands, including the largest atmospheric nuclear test ever conducted by the U.S., code named Castle Bravo. "The bombs had a total yield of 108,496 kilotons, over 7,200 times more powerful than the atomic weapons used during World War II." With the 1952 test of the first U.S. hydrogen bomb, code named "Ivy Mike," the island of Elugelab in the Enewetak atoll was destroyed. In 1956, the United States Atomic Energy Commission regarded the Marshall Islands as "by far the most contaminated place in the world." | How many nuclear weapons were tested in the Marshall Islands between 1946 and 1958? | {
"answer_start": [
83
],
"text": [
"67"
]
} |
56f95da19b226e1400dd13c4 | Marshall_Islands | During the early years of the Cold War from 1946 to 1958, the United States tested 67 nuclear weapons at its Pacific Proving Grounds located in the Marshall Islands, including the largest atmospheric nuclear test ever conducted by the U.S., code named Castle Bravo. "The bombs had a total yield of 108,496 kilotons, over 7,200 times more powerful than the atomic weapons used during World War II." With the 1952 test of the first U.S. hydrogen bomb, code named "Ivy Mike," the island of Elugelab in the Enewetak atoll was destroyed. In 1956, the United States Atomic Energy Commission regarded the Marshall Islands as "by far the most contaminated place in the world." | What was the name of the United States' largest atmospheric nuclear test? | {
"answer_start": [
252
],
"text": [
"Castle Bravo"
]
} |
56f95da19b226e1400dd13c5 | Marshall_Islands | During the early years of the Cold War from 1946 to 1958, the United States tested 67 nuclear weapons at its Pacific Proving Grounds located in the Marshall Islands, including the largest atmospheric nuclear test ever conducted by the U.S., code named Castle Bravo. "The bombs had a total yield of 108,496 kilotons, over 7,200 times more powerful than the atomic weapons used during World War II." With the 1952 test of the first U.S. hydrogen bomb, code named "Ivy Mike," the island of Elugelab in the Enewetak atoll was destroyed. In 1956, the United States Atomic Energy Commission regarded the Marshall Islands as "by far the most contaminated place in the world." | What was the yield of the Castle Bravo bombs in kilotons? | {
"answer_start": [
298
],
"text": [
"108,496"
]
} |
56f95da19b226e1400dd13c6 | Marshall_Islands | During the early years of the Cold War from 1946 to 1958, the United States tested 67 nuclear weapons at its Pacific Proving Grounds located in the Marshall Islands, including the largest atmospheric nuclear test ever conducted by the U.S., code named Castle Bravo. "The bombs had a total yield of 108,496 kilotons, over 7,200 times more powerful than the atomic weapons used during World War II." With the 1952 test of the first U.S. hydrogen bomb, code named "Ivy Mike," the island of Elugelab in the Enewetak atoll was destroyed. In 1956, the United States Atomic Energy Commission regarded the Marshall Islands as "by far the most contaminated place in the world." | Which of the Marshall Islands was destroyed in a United States hydrogen bomb test? | {
"answer_start": [
487
],
"text": [
"Elugelab"
]
} |
56f95e089e9bad19000a0893 | Marshall_Islands | Nuclear claims between the U.S. and the Marshall Islands are ongoing, and health effects from these nuclear tests linger. Project 4.1 was a medical study conducted by the United States of those residents of the Bikini Atoll exposed to radioactive fallout. From 1956 to August 1998, at least $759 million was paid to the Marshallese Islanders in compensation for their exposure to U.S. nuclear weapon testing. | What was the name of the US study of nuclear fallout on Bikini Atoll? | {
"answer_start": [
122
],
"text": [
"Project 4.1"
]
} |
56f95e089e9bad19000a0894 | Marshall_Islands | Nuclear claims between the U.S. and the Marshall Islands are ongoing, and health effects from these nuclear tests linger. Project 4.1 was a medical study conducted by the United States of those residents of the Bikini Atoll exposed to radioactive fallout. From 1956 to August 1998, at least $759 million was paid to the Marshallese Islanders in compensation for their exposure to U.S. nuclear weapon testing. | When did the United States begin to pay compensation to Marshall Islanders for nuclear weapon exposure? | {
"answer_start": [
261
],
"text": [
"1956"
]
} |
56f95e089e9bad19000a0895 | Marshall_Islands | Nuclear claims between the U.S. and the Marshall Islands are ongoing, and health effects from these nuclear tests linger. Project 4.1 was a medical study conducted by the United States of those residents of the Bikini Atoll exposed to radioactive fallout. From 1956 to August 1998, at least $759 million was paid to the Marshallese Islanders in compensation for their exposure to U.S. nuclear weapon testing. | In millions of dollars, how much money did the United States pay out in nuclear testing compensation to Marshall Island residents between 1956 and 1998? | {
"answer_start": [
292
],
"text": [
"759"
]
} |
56f95e5e9e9bad19000a0899 | Marshall_Islands | In 1986, the Compact of Free Association with the United States entered into force, granting the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) its sovereignty. The Compact provided for aid and U.S. defense of the islands in exchange for continued U.S. military use of the missile testing range at Kwajalein Atoll. The independence procedure was formally completed under international law in 1990, when the UN officially ended the Trusteeship status pursuant to Security Council Resolution 683. | What document granted sovereignty to the Marshall Islands? | {
"answer_start": [
9
],
"text": [
"the Compact of Free Association"
]
} |
56f95e5e9e9bad19000a089a | Marshall_Islands | In 1986, the Compact of Free Association with the United States entered into force, granting the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) its sovereignty. The Compact provided for aid and U.S. defense of the islands in exchange for continued U.S. military use of the missile testing range at Kwajalein Atoll. The independence procedure was formally completed under international law in 1990, when the UN officially ended the Trusteeship status pursuant to Security Council Resolution 683. | In what year did the Marshall Islands receive sovereignty? | {
"answer_start": [
3
],
"text": [
"1986"
]
} |
56f95e5e9e9bad19000a089b | Marshall_Islands | In 1986, the Compact of Free Association with the United States entered into force, granting the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) its sovereignty. The Compact provided for aid and U.S. defense of the islands in exchange for continued U.S. military use of the missile testing range at Kwajalein Atoll. The independence procedure was formally completed under international law in 1990, when the UN officially ended the Trusteeship status pursuant to Security Council Resolution 683. | Where in the Marshall Islands does the United States have a missile testing range? | {
"answer_start": [
290
],
"text": [
"Kwajalein Atoll"
]
} |
56f95e5e9e9bad19000a089c | Marshall_Islands | In 1986, the Compact of Free Association with the United States entered into force, granting the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) its sovereignty. The Compact provided for aid and U.S. defense of the islands in exchange for continued U.S. military use of the missile testing range at Kwajalein Atoll. The independence procedure was formally completed under international law in 1990, when the UN officially ended the Trusteeship status pursuant to Security Council Resolution 683. | When did UN Trusteeship over the Marshall Islands end? | {
"answer_start": [
384
],
"text": [
"1990"
]
} |
56f95e5e9e9bad19000a089d | Marshall_Islands | In 1986, the Compact of Free Association with the United States entered into force, granting the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) its sovereignty. The Compact provided for aid and U.S. defense of the islands in exchange for continued U.S. military use of the missile testing range at Kwajalein Atoll. The independence procedure was formally completed under international law in 1990, when the UN officially ended the Trusteeship status pursuant to Security Council Resolution 683. | What Security Council Resolution ended UN Trusteeship over the Marshalls? | {
"answer_start": [
454
],
"text": [
"Security Council Resolution 683"
]
} |
56f95ecc9e9bad19000a08a3 | Marshall_Islands | In 2008, extreme waves and high tides caused widespread flooding in the capital city of Majuro and other urban centres, 3 feet (0.91 m) above sea level. On Christmas morning in 2008, the government declared a state of emergency. In 2013, heavy waves once again breached the city walls of Majuro. | What is the capital of the Marshall Islands? | {
"answer_start": [
88
],
"text": [
"Majuro"
]
} |
56f95ecc9e9bad19000a08a4 | Marshall_Islands | In 2008, extreme waves and high tides caused widespread flooding in the capital city of Majuro and other urban centres, 3 feet (0.91 m) above sea level. On Christmas morning in 2008, the government declared a state of emergency. In 2013, heavy waves once again breached the city walls of Majuro. | On what day in 2008 did the Marshall Island government declare a state of emergency? | {
"answer_start": [
156
],
"text": [
"Christmas"
]
} |
56f95ecc9e9bad19000a08a5 | Marshall_Islands | In 2008, extreme waves and high tides caused widespread flooding in the capital city of Majuro and other urban centres, 3 feet (0.91 m) above sea level. On Christmas morning in 2008, the government declared a state of emergency. In 2013, heavy waves once again breached the city walls of Majuro. | In meters, how high were the 2008 floods? | {
"answer_start": [
128
],
"text": [
"0.91"
]
} |
56f95ecc9e9bad19000a08a6 | Marshall_Islands | In 2008, extreme waves and high tides caused widespread flooding in the capital city of Majuro and other urban centres, 3 feet (0.91 m) above sea level. On Christmas morning in 2008, the government declared a state of emergency. In 2013, heavy waves once again breached the city walls of Majuro. | What caused the 2008 floods? | {
"answer_start": [
9
],
"text": [
"extreme waves and high tides"
]
} |
56f95ecc9e9bad19000a08a7 | Marshall_Islands | In 2008, extreme waves and high tides caused widespread flooding in the capital city of Majuro and other urban centres, 3 feet (0.91 m) above sea level. On Christmas morning in 2008, the government declared a state of emergency. In 2013, heavy waves once again breached the city walls of Majuro. | In what year did waves overcome the walls of the capital city? | {
"answer_start": [
232
],
"text": [
"2013"
]
} |
56f95f3a9e9bad19000a08ad | Marshall_Islands | In 2013, the northern atolls of the Marshall Islands experienced drought. The drought left 6,000 people surviving on less than 1 litre (0.22 imp gal; 0.26 US gal) of water per day. This resulted in the failure of food crops and the spread of diseases such as diarrhea, pink eye, and influenza. These emergencies resulted in the United States President declaring an emergency in the islands. This declaration activated support from US government agencies under the Republic's "free association" status with the United States, which provides humanitarian and other vital support. | What part of the Marshall Islands experienced drought in 2013? | {
"answer_start": [
9
],
"text": [
"the northern atolls"
]
} |
56f95f3a9e9bad19000a08ae | Marshall_Islands | In 2013, the northern atolls of the Marshall Islands experienced drought. The drought left 6,000 people surviving on less than 1 litre (0.22 imp gal; 0.26 US gal) of water per day. This resulted in the failure of food crops and the spread of diseases such as diarrhea, pink eye, and influenza. These emergencies resulted in the United States President declaring an emergency in the islands. This declaration activated support from US government agencies under the Republic's "free association" status with the United States, which provides humanitarian and other vital support. | How many people were stricken by drought in 2013? | {
"answer_start": [
91
],
"text": [
"6,000"
]
} |
56f95f3a9e9bad19000a08af | Marshall_Islands | In 2013, the northern atolls of the Marshall Islands experienced drought. The drought left 6,000 people surviving on less than 1 litre (0.22 imp gal; 0.26 US gal) of water per day. This resulted in the failure of food crops and the spread of diseases such as diarrhea, pink eye, and influenza. These emergencies resulted in the United States President declaring an emergency in the islands. This declaration activated support from US government agencies under the Republic's "free association" status with the United States, which provides humanitarian and other vital support. | In the drought stricken areas, how many litres of water did residents consume each day? | {
"answer_start": [
127
],
"text": [
"1"
]
} |
56f95f3a9e9bad19000a08b0 | Marshall_Islands | In 2013, the northern atolls of the Marshall Islands experienced drought. The drought left 6,000 people surviving on less than 1 litre (0.22 imp gal; 0.26 US gal) of water per day. This resulted in the failure of food crops and the spread of diseases such as diarrhea, pink eye, and influenza. These emergencies resulted in the United States President declaring an emergency in the islands. This declaration activated support from US government agencies under the Republic's "free association" status with the United States, which provides humanitarian and other vital support. | Along with pink eye and influenza, what other health issue was caused by the drought? | {
"answer_start": [
259
],
"text": [
"diarrhea"
]
} |
56f95f3a9e9bad19000a08b1 | Marshall_Islands | In 2013, the northern atolls of the Marshall Islands experienced drought. The drought left 6,000 people surviving on less than 1 litre (0.22 imp gal; 0.26 US gal) of water per day. This resulted in the failure of food crops and the spread of diseases such as diarrhea, pink eye, and influenza. These emergencies resulted in the United States President declaring an emergency in the islands. This declaration activated support from US government agencies under the Republic's "free association" status with the United States, which provides humanitarian and other vital support. | What official declared a state of emergency in the Marshall Islands in response to the drought? | {
"answer_start": [
324
],
"text": [
"the United States President"
]
} |
56f95fca9b226e1400dd13d4 | Marshall_Islands | Following the 2013 emergencies, the Minister of Foreign Affairs Tony de Brum was encouraged by the Obama administration in the United States to turn the crises into an opportunity to promote action against climate change. De Brum demanded new commitment and international leadership to stave off further climate disasters from battering his country and other similarly vulnerable countries. In September 2013, the Marshall Islands hosted the 44th Pacific Islands Forum summit. De Brum proposed a Majuro Declaration for Climate Leadership to galvanize concrete action on climate change. | As of 2013, who was the Marshall Islands Minister of Foreign Affairs? | {
"answer_start": [
64
],
"text": [
"Tony de Brum"
]
} |
56f95fca9b226e1400dd13d5 | Marshall_Islands | Following the 2013 emergencies, the Minister of Foreign Affairs Tony de Brum was encouraged by the Obama administration in the United States to turn the crises into an opportunity to promote action against climate change. De Brum demanded new commitment and international leadership to stave off further climate disasters from battering his country and other similarly vulnerable countries. In September 2013, the Marshall Islands hosted the 44th Pacific Islands Forum summit. De Brum proposed a Majuro Declaration for Climate Leadership to galvanize concrete action on climate change. | In what month and year did the 44th Pacific Islands Forum summit take place? | {
"answer_start": [
394
],
"text": [
"September 2013"
]
} |
56f95fca9b226e1400dd13d6 | Marshall_Islands | Following the 2013 emergencies, the Minister of Foreign Affairs Tony de Brum was encouraged by the Obama administration in the United States to turn the crises into an opportunity to promote action against climate change. De Brum demanded new commitment and international leadership to stave off further climate disasters from battering his country and other similarly vulnerable countries. In September 2013, the Marshall Islands hosted the 44th Pacific Islands Forum summit. De Brum proposed a Majuro Declaration for Climate Leadership to galvanize concrete action on climate change. | What document did Foreign Minister de Brum present at the 44th Pacific Islands Forum summit? | {
"answer_start": [
496
],
"text": [
"Majuro Declaration for Climate Leadership"
]
} |
56f95fca9b226e1400dd13d7 | Marshall_Islands | Following the 2013 emergencies, the Minister of Foreign Affairs Tony de Brum was encouraged by the Obama administration in the United States to turn the crises into an opportunity to promote action against climate change. De Brum demanded new commitment and international leadership to stave off further climate disasters from battering his country and other similarly vulnerable countries. In September 2013, the Marshall Islands hosted the 44th Pacific Islands Forum summit. De Brum proposed a Majuro Declaration for Climate Leadership to galvanize concrete action on climate change. | What environmental issue did the Majuro Declaration for Climate Leadership address? | {
"answer_start": [
570
],
"text": [
"climate change"
]
} |
56f95fca9b226e1400dd13d8 | Marshall_Islands | Following the 2013 emergencies, the Minister of Foreign Affairs Tony de Brum was encouraged by the Obama administration in the United States to turn the crises into an opportunity to promote action against climate change. De Brum demanded new commitment and international leadership to stave off further climate disasters from battering his country and other similarly vulnerable countries. In September 2013, the Marshall Islands hosted the 44th Pacific Islands Forum summit. De Brum proposed a Majuro Declaration for Climate Leadership to galvanize concrete action on climate change. | Who encouraged de Brum to address climate issues? | {
"answer_start": [
95
],
"text": [
"the Obama administration"
]
} |
56f9608b9b226e1400dd13de | Marshall_Islands | The government of the Marshall Islands operates under a mixed parliamentary-presidential system as set forth in its Constitution. Elections are held every four years in universal suffrage (for all citizens above 18), with each of the twenty-four constituencies (see below) electing one or more representatives (senators) to the lower house of RMI's unicameral legislature, the Nitijela. (Majuro, the capital atoll, elects five senators.) The President, who is head of state as well as head of government, is elected by the 33 senators of the Nitijela. Four of the five Marshallese presidents who have been elected since the Constitution was adopted in 1979 have been traditional paramount chiefs. | What is the governing system of the Marshall Islands? | {
"answer_start": [
62
],
"text": [
"parliamentary-presidential system"
]
} |
56f9608b9b226e1400dd13df | Marshall_Islands | The government of the Marshall Islands operates under a mixed parliamentary-presidential system as set forth in its Constitution. Elections are held every four years in universal suffrage (for all citizens above 18), with each of the twenty-four constituencies (see below) electing one or more representatives (senators) to the lower house of RMI's unicameral legislature, the Nitijela. (Majuro, the capital atoll, elects five senators.) The President, who is head of state as well as head of government, is elected by the 33 senators of the Nitijela. Four of the five Marshallese presidents who have been elected since the Constitution was adopted in 1979 have been traditional paramount chiefs. | How old must a citizen of the Marshall Islands be to vote? | {
"answer_start": [
212
],
"text": [
"18"
]
} |
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