id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 442
values | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 270 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
57275b0a5951b619008f88ab | Child_labour | Child labour refers to the employment of children in any work that deprives children of their childhood, interferes with their ability to attend regular school, and that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful. This practice is considered exploitative by many international organisations. Legi... | Is all work done by children considered to be child labour? | {
"answer_start": [
368
],
"text": [
"These laws do not consider all work by children as child labour"
]
} |
57275c0c5951b619008f88b1 | Child_labour | In developing countries, with high poverty and poor schooling opportunities, child labour is still prevalent. In 2010, sub-saharan Africa had the highest incidence rates of child labour, with several African nations witnessing over 50 percent of children aged 5–14 working. Worldwide agriculture is the largest employer ... | What year did sub-saharan Africa have the highest rates of child labour? | {
"answer_start": [
113
],
"text": [
"2010"
]
} |
57275c0c5951b619008f88b2 | Child_labour | In developing countries, with high poverty and poor schooling opportunities, child labour is still prevalent. In 2010, sub-saharan Africa had the highest incidence rates of child labour, with several African nations witnessing over 50 percent of children aged 5–14 working. Worldwide agriculture is the largest employer ... | What is the largest employer of child labour? | {
"answer_start": [
284
],
"text": [
"agriculture"
]
} |
57275c0c5951b619008f88b3 | Child_labour | In developing countries, with high poverty and poor schooling opportunities, child labour is still prevalent. In 2010, sub-saharan Africa had the highest incidence rates of child labour, with several African nations witnessing over 50 percent of children aged 5–14 working. Worldwide agriculture is the largest employer ... | Who are children predominantly employed by? | {
"answer_start": [
461
],
"text": [
"their parents"
]
} |
57275c0c5951b619008f88b4 | Child_labour | In developing countries, with high poverty and poor schooling opportunities, child labour is still prevalent. In 2010, sub-saharan Africa had the highest incidence rates of child labour, with several African nations witnessing over 50 percent of children aged 5–14 working. Worldwide agriculture is the largest employer ... | Lack of school and this are the primary causes of child labour | {
"answer_start": [
499
],
"text": [
"Poverty"
]
} |
57275cfcf1498d1400e8f6ec | Child_labour | The work of children was important in pre-industrial societies, as children needed to provide their labour for their survival and that of their group. Pre-industrial societies were characterised by low productivity and short life expectancy, preventing children from participating in productive work would be more harmfu... | Was there a period when child labour was essential? | {
"answer_start": [
38
],
"text": [
"pre-industrial societies"
]
} |
57275cfcf1498d1400e8f6ed | Child_labour | The work of children was important in pre-industrial societies, as children needed to provide their labour for their survival and that of their group. Pre-industrial societies were characterised by low productivity and short life expectancy, preventing children from participating in productive work would be more harmfu... | Was there a great need for childhood education in a pre-industrial society? | {
"answer_start": [
419
],
"text": [
"little need for children to attend school"
]
} |
57275cfcf1498d1400e8f6ee | Child_labour | The work of children was important in pre-industrial societies, as children needed to provide their labour for their survival and that of their group. Pre-industrial societies were characterised by low productivity and short life expectancy, preventing children from participating in productive work would be more harmfu... | Who taught the skills needed for the children to work? | {
"answer_start": [
636
],
"text": [
"competent adults"
]
} |
57275cfcf1498d1400e8f6ef | Child_labour | The work of children was important in pre-industrial societies, as children needed to provide their labour for their survival and that of their group. Pre-industrial societies were characterised by low productivity and short life expectancy, preventing children from participating in productive work would be more harmfu... | Were peopel in pre-industrial societies considered to have long or short lifespans? | {
"answer_start": [
219
],
"text": [
"short life expectancy"
]
} |
57275ec9dd62a815002e9bba | Child_labour | The Victorian era in particular became notorious for the conditions under which children were employed. Children as young as four were employed in production factories and mines working long hours in dangerous, often fatal, working conditions. In coal mines, children would crawl through tunnels too narrow and low for a... | On average how many weekly hours did a domestic servant put in? | {
"answer_start": [
750
],
"text": [
"80"
]
} |
57275ec9dd62a815002e9bbb | Child_labour | The Victorian era in particular became notorious for the conditions under which children were employed. Children as young as four were employed in production factories and mines working long hours in dangerous, often fatal, working conditions. In coal mines, children would crawl through tunnels too narrow and low for a... | Mid-18th century London had how many domestic servants? | {
"answer_start": [
567
],
"text": [
"over 120,000"
]
} |
57275ec9dd62a815002e9bbc | Child_labour | The Victorian era in particular became notorious for the conditions under which children were employed. Children as young as four were employed in production factories and mines working long hours in dangerous, often fatal, working conditions. In coal mines, children would crawl through tunnels too narrow and low for a... | What was the youngest age of a child working in a factory? | {
"answer_start": [
125
],
"text": [
"four"
]
} |
57275ec9dd62a815002e9bbd | Child_labour | The Victorian era in particular became notorious for the conditions under which children were employed. Children as young as four were employed in production factories and mines working long hours in dangerous, often fatal, working conditions. In coal mines, children would crawl through tunnels too narrow and low for a... | How many hours did builders work in the winter? | {
"answer_start": [
705
],
"text": [
"52"
]
} |
57275ec9dd62a815002e9bbe | Child_labour | The Victorian era in particular became notorious for the conditions under which children were employed. Children as young as four were employed in production factories and mines working long hours in dangerous, often fatal, working conditions. In coal mines, children would crawl through tunnels too narrow and low for a... | Were children able to take on apprenticeships? | {
"answer_start": [
447
],
"text": [
"Some children undertook work as apprentices to respectable trades"
]
} |
57276019dd62a815002e9bc4 | Child_labour | Child labour played an important role in the Industrial Revolution from its outset, often brought about by economic hardship. The children of the poor were expected to contribute to their family income. In 19th-century Great Britain, one-third of poor families were without a breadwinner, as a result of death or abandon... | How many families were without a bread winner? | {
"answer_start": [
234
],
"text": [
"one-third"
]
} |
57276019dd62a815002e9bc5 | Child_labour | Child labour played an important role in the Industrial Revolution from its outset, often brought about by economic hardship. The children of the poor were expected to contribute to their family income. In 19th-century Great Britain, one-third of poor families were without a breadwinner, as a result of death or abandon... | How many water-powered cotton mills used child labour in 1788 England and Scotland? | {
"answer_start": [
437
],
"text": [
"143"
]
} |
57276019dd62a815002e9bc6 | Child_labour | Child labour played an important role in the Industrial Revolution from its outset, often brought about by economic hardship. The children of the poor were expected to contribute to their family income. In 19th-century Great Britain, one-third of poor families were without a breadwinner, as a result of death or abandon... | Was it a low amount or high amount of children that also worked in prostitution? | {
"answer_start": [
498
],
"text": [
"high number"
]
} |
57276019dd62a815002e9bc7 | Child_labour | Child labour played an important role in the Industrial Revolution from its outset, often brought about by economic hardship. The children of the poor were expected to contribute to their family income. In 19th-century Great Britain, one-third of poor families were without a breadwinner, as a result of death or abandon... | Where was Charles Dickens employed as a child? | {
"answer_start": [
606
],
"text": [
"blacking factory"
]
} |
57276019dd62a815002e9bc8 | Child_labour | Child labour played an important role in the Industrial Revolution from its outset, often brought about by economic hardship. The children of the poor were expected to contribute to their family income. In 19th-century Great Britain, one-third of poor families were without a breadwinner, as a result of death or abandon... | During the Industrial Revolution what was the main driving force behind child labour? | {
"answer_start": [
107
],
"text": [
"economic hardship"
]
} |
572761fe5951b619008f8917 | Child_labour | Throughout the second half of the 19th century, child labour began to decline in industrialised societies due to regulation and economic factors. The regulation of child labour began from the earliest days of the Industrial revolution. The first act to regulate child labour in Britain was passed in 1803. As early as 18... | During the 19th century was there any advocates for the working children? | {
"answer_start": [
961
],
"text": [
"Lord Shaftesbury"
]
} |
572761fe5951b619008f8918 | Child_labour | Throughout the second half of the 19th century, child labour began to decline in industrialised societies due to regulation and economic factors. The regulation of child labour began from the earliest days of the Industrial revolution. The first act to regulate child labour in Britain was passed in 1803. As early as 18... | In 1833 at what age was the limit to working in a textile industry factory? | {
"answer_start": [
733
],
"text": [
"children under the age of nine"
]
} |
572761fe5951b619008f8919 | Child_labour | Throughout the second half of the 19th century, child labour began to decline in industrialised societies due to regulation and economic factors. The regulation of child labour began from the earliest days of the Industrial revolution. The first act to regulate child labour in Britain was passed in 1803. As early as 18... | What year were both adults and children only able to work 10 hours a day? | {
"answer_start": [
897
],
"text": [
"1847"
]
} |
572761fe5951b619008f891a | Child_labour | Throughout the second half of the 19th century, child labour began to decline in industrialised societies due to regulation and economic factors. The regulation of child labour began from the earliest days of the Industrial revolution. The first act to regulate child labour in Britain was passed in 1803. As early as 18... | In the 19th century was there an increase or decreased need to child labour? | {
"answer_start": [
48
],
"text": [
"child labour began to decline"
]
} |
572761fe5951b619008f891b | Child_labour | Throughout the second half of the 19th century, child labour began to decline in industrialised societies due to regulation and economic factors. The regulation of child labour began from the earliest days of the Industrial revolution. The first act to regulate child labour in Britain was passed in 1803. As early as 18... | What year did Britain first inact legislation with regards to child labour? | {
"answer_start": [
300
],
"text": [
"1803"
]
} |
57276683dd62a815002e9c34 | Child_labour | In the early 20th century, thousands of boys were employed in glass making industries. Glass making was a dangerous and tough job especially without the current technologies. The process of making glass includes intense heat to melt glass (3133 °F). When the boys are at work, they are exposed to this heat. This could c... | When were young boys employed in the glass making industries? | {
"answer_start": [
7
],
"text": [
"early 20th century"
]
} |
57276683dd62a815002e9c35 | Child_labour | In the early 20th century, thousands of boys were employed in glass making industries. Glass making was a dangerous and tough job especially without the current technologies. The process of making glass includes intense heat to melt glass (3133 °F). When the boys are at work, they are exposed to this heat. This could c... | Under glass making conditions were the children exposed to any heating elements? | {
"answer_start": [
277
],
"text": [
"they are exposed to this heat"
]
} |
57276683dd62a815002e9c36 | Child_labour | In the early 20th century, thousands of boys were employed in glass making industries. Glass making was a dangerous and tough job especially without the current technologies. The process of making glass includes intense heat to melt glass (3133 °F). When the boys are at work, they are exposed to this heat. This could c... | Were the boys in glass making industry paid by the hour? | {
"answer_start": [
405
],
"text": [
"paid by the piece"
]
} |
57276683dd62a815002e9c37 | Child_labour | In the early 20th century, thousands of boys were employed in glass making industries. Glass making was a dangerous and tough job especially without the current technologies. The process of making glass includes intense heat to melt glass (3133 °F). When the boys are at work, they are exposed to this heat. This could c... | Did the glass industry have a preference for older working boys? | {
"answer_start": [
580
],
"text": [
"factory owners preferred boys under 16 years of age"
]
} |
5727672bf1498d1400e8f782 | Child_labour | In 1910, over 2 million children in the same age group were employed in the United States. This included children who rolled cigarettes, engaged in factory work, worked as bobbin doffers in textile mills, worked in coal mines and were employed in canneries. Lewis Hine's photographs of child labourers in the 1910s power... | Where was photographer Lewis Hine employed? | {
"answer_start": [
472
],
"text": [
"National Child Labor Committee"
]
} |
5727672bf1498d1400e8f783 | Child_labour | In 1910, over 2 million children in the same age group were employed in the United States. This included children who rolled cigarettes, engaged in factory work, worked as bobbin doffers in textile mills, worked in coal mines and were employed in canneries. Lewis Hine's photographs of child labourers in the 1910s power... | What year were over 2 million children employed in the US? | {
"answer_start": [
3
],
"text": [
"1910"
]
} |
5727672bf1498d1400e8f784 | Child_labour | In 1910, over 2 million children in the same age group were employed in the United States. This included children who rolled cigarettes, engaged in factory work, worked as bobbin doffers in textile mills, worked in coal mines and were employed in canneries. Lewis Hine's photographs of child labourers in the 1910s power... | What did children roll in a factory? | {
"answer_start": [
125
],
"text": [
"cigarettes"
]
} |
5727672bf1498d1400e8f785 | Child_labour | In 1910, over 2 million children in the same age group were employed in the United States. This included children who rolled cigarettes, engaged in factory work, worked as bobbin doffers in textile mills, worked in coal mines and were employed in canneries. Lewis Hine's photographs of child labourers in the 1910s power... | What did child do in textile mills in the US? | {
"answer_start": [
172
],
"text": [
"bobbin doffers"
]
} |
57276917708984140094dd1b | Child_labour | Factories and mines were not the only places where child labour was prevalent in the early 20th century. Home-based manufacturing across the United States and Europe employed children as well. Governments and reformers argued that labour in factories must be regulated and the state had an obligation to provide welfare ... | Why would families perfer labour done at the home as opposed to the factory? | {
"answer_start": [
469
],
"text": [
"because it allowed them to generate income while taking care of household duties."
]
} |
57276917708984140094dd1c | Child_labour | Factories and mines were not the only places where child labour was prevalent in the early 20th century. Home-based manufacturing across the United States and Europe employed children as well. Governments and reformers argued that labour in factories must be regulated and the state had an obligation to provide welfare ... | Early 20th century states began to have a responsiblity to take care of whom? | {
"answer_start": [
324
],
"text": [
"poor"
]
} |
57276917708984140094dd1d | Child_labour | Factories and mines were not the only places where child labour was prevalent in the early 20th century. Home-based manufacturing across the United States and Europe employed children as well. Governments and reformers argued that labour in factories must be regulated and the state had an obligation to provide welfare ... | Children were employed in the home, factories and were else in the 20th century? | {
"answer_start": [
14
],
"text": [
"mines"
]
} |
57276a47708984140094dd21 | Child_labour | Home-based manufacturing operations were active year round. Families willingly deployed their children in these income generating home enterprises. In many cases, men worked from home. In France, over 58 percent of garment workers operated out of their homes; in Germany, the number of full-time home operations nearly d... | What time were home manufactoring activities for children taking place? | {
"answer_start": [
48
],
"text": [
"year round"
]
} |
57276a47708984140094dd22 | Child_labour | Home-based manufacturing operations were active year round. Families willingly deployed their children in these income generating home enterprises. In many cases, men worked from home. In France, over 58 percent of garment workers operated out of their homes; in Germany, the number of full-time home operations nearly d... | Who did the children work beside? | {
"answer_start": [
595
],
"text": [
"parents"
]
} |
57276a47708984140094dd23 | Child_labour | Home-based manufacturing operations were active year round. Families willingly deployed their children in these income generating home enterprises. In many cases, men worked from home. In France, over 58 percent of garment workers operated out of their homes; in Germany, the number of full-time home operations nearly d... | Where were rural children employed? | {
"answer_start": [
778
],
"text": [
"agriculture"
]
} |
57276a47708984140094dd24 | Child_labour | Home-based manufacturing operations were active year round. Families willingly deployed their children in these income generating home enterprises. In many cases, men worked from home. In France, over 58 percent of garment workers operated out of their homes; in Germany, the number of full-time home operations nearly d... | What were the working conditions described as for the children employed at home? | {
"answer_start": [
993
],
"text": [
"unhealthy and insanitary"
]
} |
57276a47708984140094dd25 | Child_labour | Home-based manufacturing operations were active year round. Families willingly deployed their children in these income generating home enterprises. In many cases, men worked from home. In France, over 58 percent of garment workers operated out of their homes; in Germany, the number of full-time home operations nearly d... | In 1946 who was the Director of the United States Department of Labour? | {
"answer_start": [
800
],
"text": [
"Frieda Miller"
]
} |
57276ccff1498d1400e8f7c4 | Child_labour | Child labour is still common in many parts of the world. Estimates for child labour vary. It ranges between 250 and 304 million, if children aged 5–17 involved in any economic activity are counted. If light occasional work is excluded, ILO estimates there were 153 million child labourers aged 5–14 worldwide in 2008. Th... | Does child labour exist in the 21st century? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Child labour is still common"
]
} |
57276ccff1498d1400e8f7c5 | Child_labour | Child labour is still common in many parts of the world. Estimates for child labour vary. It ranges between 250 and 304 million, if children aged 5–17 involved in any economic activity are counted. If light occasional work is excluded, ILO estimates there were 153 million child labourers aged 5–14 worldwide in 2008. Th... | Where does child labour currently occur the most? | {
"answer_start": [
1182
],
"text": [
"rural areas"
]
} |
57276ccff1498d1400e8f7c6 | Child_labour | Child labour is still common in many parts of the world. Estimates for child labour vary. It ranges between 250 and 304 million, if children aged 5–17 involved in any economic activity are counted. If light occasional work is excluded, ILO estimates there were 153 million child labourers aged 5–14 worldwide in 2008. Th... | How many children in today's world work beside their parents? | {
"answer_start": [
931
],
"text": [
"Two out of three child"
]
} |
57276ccff1498d1400e8f7c7 | Child_labour | Child labour is still common in many parts of the world. Estimates for child labour vary. It ranges between 250 and 304 million, if children aged 5–17 involved in any economic activity are counted. If light occasional work is excluded, ILO estimates there were 153 million child labourers aged 5–14 worldwide in 2008. Th... | Some child work as guides for whom? | {
"answer_start": [
1059
],
"text": [
"tourists"
]
} |
57276ed9708984140094dd65 | Child_labour | Child labour accounts for 22% of the workforce in Asia, 32% in Africa, 17% in Latin America, 1% in the US, Canada, Europe and other wealthy nations. The proportion of child labourers varies greatly among countries and even regions inside those countries. Africa has the highest percentage of children aged 5–17 employed ... | What country has the highest percentage of child labour? | {
"answer_start": [
63
],
"text": [
"Africa"
]
} |
57276ed9708984140094dd66 | Child_labour | Child labour accounts for 22% of the workforce in Asia, 32% in Africa, 17% in Latin America, 1% in the US, Canada, Europe and other wealthy nations. The proportion of child labourers varies greatly among countries and even regions inside those countries. Africa has the highest percentage of children aged 5–17 employed ... | In Asia how many millions of children are employed? | {
"answer_start": [
472
],
"text": [
"114"
]
} |
57276ed9708984140094dd67 | Child_labour | Child labour accounts for 22% of the workforce in Asia, 32% in Africa, 17% in Latin America, 1% in the US, Canada, Europe and other wealthy nations. The proportion of child labourers varies greatly among countries and even regions inside those countries. Africa has the highest percentage of children aged 5–17 employed ... | Right now what percentage of children are employed in the US? | {
"answer_start": [
93
],
"text": [
"1%"
]
} |
57276ed9708984140094dd68 | Child_labour | Child labour accounts for 22% of the workforce in Asia, 32% in Africa, 17% in Latin America, 1% in the US, Canada, Europe and other wealthy nations. The proportion of child labourers varies greatly among countries and even regions inside those countries. Africa has the highest percentage of children aged 5–17 employed ... | Caribean and where else is there a low population of child workers? | {
"answer_start": [
485
],
"text": [
"Latin America"
]
} |
57276fdb5951b619008f89d7 | Child_labour | Accurate present day child labour information is difficult to obtain because of disagreements between data sources as to what constitutes child labour. In some countries, government policy contributes to this difficulty. For example, the overall extent of child labour in China is unclear due to the government categoriz... | Where is present day child labour stats unclear? | {
"answer_start": [
272
],
"text": [
"China"
]
} |
57276fdb5951b619008f89d8 | Child_labour | Accurate present day child labour information is difficult to obtain because of disagreements between data sources as to what constitutes child labour. In some countries, government policy contributes to this difficulty. For example, the overall extent of child labour in China is unclear due to the government categoriz... | When did the U.S. produce a list of goods primarily made by child labour in China? | {
"answer_start": [
622
],
"text": [
"2014"
]
} |
57276fdb5951b619008f89d9 | Child_labour | Accurate present day child labour information is difficult to obtain because of disagreements between data sources as to what constitutes child labour. In some countries, government policy contributes to this difficulty. For example, the overall extent of child labour in China is unclear due to the government categoriz... | What is the cause of diagreements in child labour numbers for present day? | {
"answer_start": [
102
],
"text": [
"data sources"
]
} |
57276fdb5951b619008f89da | Child_labour | Accurate present day child labour information is difficult to obtain because of disagreements between data sources as to what constitutes child labour. In some countries, government policy contributes to this difficulty. For example, the overall extent of child labour in China is unclear due to the government categoriz... | Chinese children have been known to make electronics, toys and what else? | {
"answer_start": [
875
],
"text": [
"garments"
]
} |
5727708f708984140094dd9b | Child_labour | Maplecroft Child Labour Index 2012 survey reports 76 countries pose extreme child labour complicity risks for companies operating worldwide. The ten highest risk countries in 2012, ranked in decreasing order, were: Myanmar, North Korea, Somalia, Sudan, DR Congo, Zimbabwe, Afghanistan, Burundi, Pakistan and Ethiopia. Of... | According to the Maplecroft Child Labour Index how many countries post risks for child labour? | {
"answer_start": [
50
],
"text": [
"76"
]
} |
5727708f708984140094dd9c | Child_labour | Maplecroft Child Labour Index 2012 survey reports 76 countries pose extreme child labour complicity risks for companies operating worldwide. The ten highest risk countries in 2012, ranked in decreasing order, were: Myanmar, North Korea, Somalia, Sudan, DR Congo, Zimbabwe, Afghanistan, Burundi, Pakistan and Ethiopia. Of... | What country is the second on the list for child labour in accordance to the Maplecroft Child Labour Index? | {
"answer_start": [
224
],
"text": [
"North Korea"
]
} |
5727708f708984140094dd9d | Child_labour | Maplecroft Child Labour Index 2012 survey reports 76 countries pose extreme child labour complicity risks for companies operating worldwide. The ten highest risk countries in 2012, ranked in decreasing order, were: Myanmar, North Korea, Somalia, Sudan, DR Congo, Zimbabwe, Afghanistan, Burundi, Pakistan and Ethiopia. Of... | What was the Phillipines ranked as? | {
"answer_start": [
379
],
"text": [
"25th"
]
} |
5727708f708984140094dd9e | Child_labour | Maplecroft Child Labour Index 2012 survey reports 76 countries pose extreme child labour complicity risks for companies operating worldwide. The ten highest risk countries in 2012, ranked in decreasing order, were: Myanmar, North Korea, Somalia, Sudan, DR Congo, Zimbabwe, Afghanistan, Burundi, Pakistan and Ethiopia. Of... | Was Brazil on the list? | {
"answer_start": [
453
],
"text": [
"Brazil 54th"
]
} |
572772395951b619008f8a25 | Child_labour | Lack of meaningful alternatives, such as affordable schools and quality education, according to ILO, is another major factor driving children to harmful labour. Children work because they have nothing better to do. Many communities, particularly rural areas where between 60–70% of child labour is prevalent, do not poss... | What is the main reason for children today to be in the work force? | {
"answer_start": [
193
],
"text": [
"nothing better to do"
]
} |
572772395951b619008f8a26 | Child_labour | Lack of meaningful alternatives, such as affordable schools and quality education, according to ILO, is another major factor driving children to harmful labour. Children work because they have nothing better to do. Many communities, particularly rural areas where between 60–70% of child labour is prevalent, do not poss... | Do the poor families put a value on education? | {
"answer_start": [
495
],
"text": [
"parents wonder if going to school is really worth it."
]
} |
572772395951b619008f8a27 | Child_labour | Lack of meaningful alternatives, such as affordable schools and quality education, according to ILO, is another major factor driving children to harmful labour. Children work because they have nothing better to do. Many communities, particularly rural areas where between 60–70% of child labour is prevalent, do not poss... | What community has the most prevalency for child labour? | {
"answer_start": [
246
],
"text": [
"rural areas"
]
} |
572774cedd62a815002e9d38 | Child_labour | In European history when child labour was common, as well as in contemporary child labour of modern world, certain cultural beliefs have rationalised child labour and thereby encouraged it. Some view that work is good for the character-building and skill development of children. In many cultures, particular where the i... | Throughout European history was child labour seen as a positive? | {
"answer_start": [
190
],
"text": [
"Some view that work is good for the character-building and skill development of children"
]
} |
572774cedd62a815002e9d39 | Child_labour | In European history when child labour was common, as well as in contemporary child labour of modern world, certain cultural beliefs have rationalised child labour and thereby encouraged it. Some view that work is good for the character-building and skill development of children. In many cultures, particular where the i... | Are boys or girls more likely in some cultures to be thrown into child labour? | {
"answer_start": [
671
],
"text": [
"girls"
]
} |
572774cedd62a815002e9d3a | Child_labour | In European history when child labour was common, as well as in contemporary child labour of modern world, certain cultural beliefs have rationalised child labour and thereby encouraged it. Some view that work is good for the character-building and skill development of children. In many cultures, particular where the i... | For working parents what is the value of having their children work by their side? | {
"answer_start": [
483
],
"text": [
"learn and practice that trade from a very early age"
]
} |
572774cedd62a815002e9d3b | Child_labour | In European history when child labour was common, as well as in contemporary child labour of modern world, certain cultural beliefs have rationalised child labour and thereby encouraged it. Some view that work is good for the character-building and skill development of children. In many cultures, particular where the i... | Do many cultures place value of the education of a young girl? | {
"answer_start": [
568
],
"text": [
"education of girls is less valued"
]
} |
57277611708984140094de3f | Child_labour | Biggeri and Mehrotra have studied the macroeconomic factors that encourage child labour. They focus their study on five Asian nations including India, Pakistan, Indonesia, Thailand and Philippines. They suggest that child labour is a serious problem in all five, but it is not a new problem. Macroeconomic causes encoura... | Biggeri and Mehrotra studied primarily Asia nations including India, Pakistan, Indonesia, Philippines and what other country? | {
"answer_start": [
172
],
"text": [
"Thailand"
]
} |
57277611708984140094de40 | Child_labour | Biggeri and Mehrotra have studied the macroeconomic factors that encourage child labour. They focus their study on five Asian nations including India, Pakistan, Indonesia, Thailand and Philippines. They suggest that child labour is a serious problem in all five, but it is not a new problem. Macroeconomic causes encoura... | Is child labour a new issue in these Asian countries? | {
"answer_start": [
273
],
"text": [
"not a new problem"
]
} |
57277611708984140094de41 | Child_labour | Biggeri and Mehrotra have studied the macroeconomic factors that encourage child labour. They focus their study on five Asian nations including India, Pakistan, Indonesia, Thailand and Philippines. They suggest that child labour is a serious problem in all five, but it is not a new problem. Macroeconomic causes encoura... | Supply and what else causes child labour to still exist today? | {
"answer_start": [
457
],
"text": [
"demand"
]
} |
57277611708984140094de42 | Child_labour | Biggeri and Mehrotra have studied the macroeconomic factors that encourage child labour. They focus their study on five Asian nations including India, Pakistan, Indonesia, Thailand and Philippines. They suggest that child labour is a serious problem in all five, but it is not a new problem. Macroeconomic causes encoura... | What encourages child labour across the globe? | {
"answer_start": [
292
],
"text": [
"Macroeconomic"
]
} |
57277a21f1498d1400e8f923 | Child_labour | Systematic use of child labour was common place in the colonies of European powers between 1650 and 1950. In Africa, colonial administrators encouraged traditional kin-ordered modes of production, that is hiring a household for work not just the adults. Millions of children worked in colonial agricultural plantations, ... | Were young apprentices hired for pay? | {
"answer_start": [
484
],
"text": [
"without pay"
]
} |
57277a21f1498d1400e8f924 | Child_labour | Systematic use of child labour was common place in the colonies of European powers between 1650 and 1950. In Africa, colonial administrators encouraged traditional kin-ordered modes of production, that is hiring a household for work not just the adults. Millions of children worked in colonial agricultural plantations, ... | Was child labour common in European colonies? | {
"answer_start": [
18
],
"text": [
"child labour was common place in the colonies of European"
]
} |
57277a21f1498d1400e8f925 | Child_labour | Systematic use of child labour was common place in the colonies of European powers between 1650 and 1950. In Africa, colonial administrators encouraged traditional kin-ordered modes of production, that is hiring a household for work not just the adults. Millions of children worked in colonial agricultural plantations, ... | What was the age range of colonial child workers? | {
"answer_start": [
451
],
"text": [
"5–14"
]
} |
57277a21f1498d1400e8f926 | Child_labour | Systematic use of child labour was common place in the colonies of European powers between 1650 and 1950. In Africa, colonial administrators encouraged traditional kin-ordered modes of production, that is hiring a household for work not just the adults. Millions of children worked in colonial agricultural plantations, ... | What century did apprenticeships begin to take place? | {
"answer_start": [
590
],
"text": [
"19th"
]
} |
57277a21f1498d1400e8f922 | Child_labour | Systematic use of child labour was common place in the colonies of European powers between 1650 and 1950. In Africa, colonial administrators encouraged traditional kin-ordered modes of production, that is hiring a household for work not just the adults. Millions of children worked in colonial agricultural plantations, ... | How many children were employed on colonial plantations? | {
"answer_start": [
254
],
"text": [
"Millions"
]
} |
57277af45951b619008f8aef | Child_labour | In southeast Asian colonies, such as Hong Kong, child labour such as the Mui Tsai (妹仔), was rationalised as a cultural tradition and ignored by British authorities. The Dutch East India Company officials rationalised their child labour abuses with, "it is a way to save these children from a worse fate." Christian missi... | Where did the British turn a blind eye to child labour? | {
"answer_start": [
37
],
"text": [
"Hong Kong"
]
} |
57277af45951b619008f8af0 | Child_labour | In southeast Asian colonies, such as Hong Kong, child labour such as the Mui Tsai (妹仔), was rationalised as a cultural tradition and ignored by British authorities. The Dutch East India Company officials rationalised their child labour abuses with, "it is a way to save these children from a worse fate." Christian missi... | What schools required child labour? | {
"answer_start": [
305
],
"text": [
"Christian mission schools"
]
} |
57277af45951b619008f8af1 | Child_labour | In southeast Asian colonies, such as Hong Kong, child labour such as the Mui Tsai (妹仔), was rationalised as a cultural tradition and ignored by British authorities. The Dutch East India Company officials rationalised their child labour abuses with, "it is a way to save these children from a worse fate." Christian missi... | Did the child workers receive anything from the christian mission schools? | {
"answer_start": [
425
],
"text": [
"provided religious education"
]
} |
57277af45951b619008f8af2 | Child_labour | In southeast Asian colonies, such as Hong Kong, child labour such as the Mui Tsai (妹仔), was rationalised as a cultural tradition and ignored by British authorities. The Dutch East India Company officials rationalised their child labour abuses with, "it is a way to save these children from a worse fate." Christian missi... | What did the Canadians do to children that did not wish to work? | {
"answer_start": [
567
],
"text": [
"stipulated jail terms"
]
} |
57277c3a708984140094deed | Child_labour | Children working at a young age has been a consistent theme throughout Africa. Many children began first working in the home to help their parents run the family farm. Children in Africa today are often forced into exploitative labour due to family debt and other financial factors, leading to ongoing poverty. Other typ... | Where do African children find their first jobs? | {
"answer_start": [
120
],
"text": [
"home"
]
} |
57277c3a708984140094deee | Child_labour | Children working at a young age has been a consistent theme throughout Africa. Many children began first working in the home to help their parents run the family farm. Children in Africa today are often forced into exploitative labour due to family debt and other financial factors, leading to ongoing poverty. Other typ... | What do African children do primarily while working at home? | {
"answer_start": [
128
],
"text": [
"help their parents run the family farm"
]
} |
57277c3a708984140094deef | Child_labour | Children working at a young age has been a consistent theme throughout Africa. Many children began first working in the home to help their parents run the family farm. Children in Africa today are often forced into exploitative labour due to family debt and other financial factors, leading to ongoing poverty. Other typ... | How many children in Africa are working in the arigucultural sector? | {
"answer_start": [
460
],
"text": [
"estimated five million"
]
} |
57277c3a708984140094def0 | Child_labour | Children working at a young age has been a consistent theme throughout Africa. Many children began first working in the home to help their parents run the family farm. Children in Africa today are often forced into exploitative labour due to family debt and other financial factors, leading to ongoing poverty. Other typ... | How many children in Africa pick coffee? | {
"answer_start": [
610
],
"text": [
"30 percent"
]
} |
57277c3a708984140094def1 | Child_labour | Children working at a young age has been a consistent theme throughout Africa. Many children began first working in the home to help their parents run the family farm. Children in Africa today are often forced into exploitative labour due to family debt and other financial factors, leading to ongoing poverty. Other typ... | How many children work year round in Africa? | {
"answer_start": [
670
],
"text": [
"estimated 25,000"
]
} |
57277eae708984140094df25 | Child_labour | What industries children work in depends on if they grew up in a rural area or an urban area. Children who were born in urban areas often found themselves working for street vendors, washing cars, helping in construction sites, weaving clothing, and sometimes even working as exotic dancers. While children who grew up i... | Where did children from urban areas primarily work? | {
"answer_start": [
167
],
"text": [
"street vendors, washing cars, helping in construction sites, weaving clothing, and sometimes even working as exotic dancers"
]
} |
57277eae708984140094df26 | Child_labour | What industries children work in depends on if they grew up in a rural area or an urban area. Children who were born in urban areas often found themselves working for street vendors, washing cars, helping in construction sites, weaving clothing, and sometimes even working as exotic dancers. While children who grew up i... | Where did children from rural areas work? | {
"answer_start": [
348
],
"text": [
"farms"
]
} |
57277eae708984140094df27 | Child_labour | What industries children work in depends on if they grew up in a rural area or an urban area. Children who were born in urban areas often found themselves working for street vendors, washing cars, helping in construction sites, weaving clothing, and sometimes even working as exotic dancers. While children who grew up i... | When was the United Nations Conventions on the Rights of the Child Act implemented? | {
"answer_start": [
708
],
"text": [
"1959"
]
} |
57277eae708984140094df28 | Child_labour | What industries children work in depends on if they grew up in a rural area or an urban area. Children who were born in urban areas often found themselves working for street vendors, washing cars, helping in construction sites, weaving clothing, and sometimes even working as exotic dancers. While children who grew up i... | What was the most serious aftereffects of child labour? | {
"answer_start": [
527
],
"text": [
"physical and emotional abuse"
]
} |
57277fbedd62a815002e9ed0 | Child_labour | Other legal factors that have been implemented to end and reduce child labour includes the global response that came into force in 1979 by the declaration of the International Year of the Child. Along with the Human Rights Committee of the United Nations, these two declarations worked on many levels to eliminate child ... | What country is still an issue today with regards to child labour? | {
"answer_start": [
404
],
"text": [
"Africa"
]
} |
57277fbedd62a815002e9ed1 | Child_labour | Other legal factors that have been implemented to end and reduce child labour includes the global response that came into force in 1979 by the declaration of the International Year of the Child. Along with the Human Rights Committee of the United Nations, these two declarations worked on many levels to eliminate child ... | What is an issue in Africa with child labour definitions? | {
"answer_start": [
446
],
"text": [
"unclear definition of adolescence"
]
} |
57277fbedd62a815002e9ed2 | Child_labour | Other legal factors that have been implemented to end and reduce child labour includes the global response that came into force in 1979 by the declaration of the International Year of the Child. Along with the Human Rights Committee of the United Nations, these two declarations worked on many levels to eliminate child ... | In Africa what is a cultural acceptance with regards to child labour? | {
"answer_start": [
734
],
"text": [
"children helping run the family business."
]
} |
57278094708984140094df53 | Child_labour | From European settlement in 1888, child convicts were occasionally sent to Australia where they were made to work. Child labour was not as excessive in Australia as in Britain. With a low population, agricultural productivity was higher and families did not face starvation as in established industrialised countries. Au... | In 1888 what country were child convicts sent to the most? | {
"answer_start": [
75
],
"text": [
"Australia"
]
} |
57278094708984140094df54 | Child_labour | From European settlement in 1888, child convicts were occasionally sent to Australia where they were made to work. Child labour was not as excessive in Australia as in Britain. With a low population, agricultural productivity was higher and families did not face starvation as in established industrialised countries. Au... | What restricted the 1870s Child labour in Australia? | {
"answer_start": [
549
],
"text": [
"compulsorry schooling"
]
} |
57278094708984140094df55 | Child_labour | From European settlement in 1888, child convicts were occasionally sent to Australia where they were made to work. Child labour was not as excessive in Australia as in Britain. With a low population, agricultural productivity was higher and families did not face starvation as in established industrialised countries. Au... | Was child labour rampagnt in Australia? | {
"answer_start": [
115
],
"text": [
"Child labour was not as excessive in Australia"
]
} |
57278094708984140094df56 | Child_labour | From European settlement in 1888, child convicts were occasionally sent to Australia where they were made to work. Child labour was not as excessive in Australia as in Britain. With a low population, agricultural productivity was higher and families did not face starvation as in established industrialised countries. Au... | When did industrailization take off in Australia? | {
"answer_start": [
395
],
"text": [
"20th century"
]
} |
57278262dd62a815002e9f1c | Child_labour | Child labour has been a consistent struggle for children in Brazil ever since the country was colonized on April 22, 1550 by Pedro Álvares Cabral. Work that many children took part in was not always visible, legal, or paid. Free or slave labour was a common occurrence for many youths and was a part of their everyday li... | When was Brazil colonized? | {
"answer_start": [
107
],
"text": [
"April 22, 1550"
]
} |
57278262dd62a815002e9f1d | Child_labour | Child labour has been a consistent struggle for children in Brazil ever since the country was colonized on April 22, 1550 by Pedro Álvares Cabral. Work that many children took part in was not always visible, legal, or paid. Free or slave labour was a common occurrence for many youths and was a part of their everyday li... | Who colonized Brazil? | {
"answer_start": [
125
],
"text": [
"Pedro Álvares Cabral"
]
} |
57278262dd62a815002e9f1e | Child_labour | Child labour has been a consistent struggle for children in Brazil ever since the country was colonized on April 22, 1550 by Pedro Álvares Cabral. Work that many children took part in was not always visible, legal, or paid. Free or slave labour was a common occurrence for many youths and was a part of their everyday li... | Who were the victims of industrial accidents? | {
"answer_start": [
1065
],
"text": [
"Boys and girls"
]
} |
57278262dd62a815002e9f1f | Child_labour | Child labour has been a consistent struggle for children in Brazil ever since the country was colonized on April 22, 1550 by Pedro Álvares Cabral. Work that many children took part in was not always visible, legal, or paid. Free or slave labour was a common occurrence for many youths and was a part of their everyday li... | When was child labour first documented in Brazil? | {
"answer_start": [
737
],
"text": [
"during the time of indigenous societies"
]
} |
57278262dd62a815002e9f20 | Child_labour | Child labour has been a consistent struggle for children in Brazil ever since the country was colonized on April 22, 1550 by Pedro Álvares Cabral. Work that many children took part in was not always visible, legal, or paid. Free or slave labour was a common occurrence for many youths and was a part of their everyday li... | How did Armando Dias die? | {
"answer_start": [
998
],
"text": [
"electric shock"
]
} |
572783acdd62a815002e9f4a | Child_labour | In Brazil, the minimum working age has been identified as fourteen due to continuous constitutional amendments that occurred in 1934, 1937, and 1946. Yet due to a change in the dictatorship by the military in the 80’s, the minimum age restriction was reduced to the age of twelve but was reviewed due to reports of dange... | What is the min working age in Brazil? | {
"answer_start": [
58
],
"text": [
"fourteen"
]
} |
572783acdd62a815002e9f4b | Child_labour | In Brazil, the minimum working age has been identified as fourteen due to continuous constitutional amendments that occurred in 1934, 1937, and 1946. Yet due to a change in the dictatorship by the military in the 80’s, the minimum age restriction was reduced to the age of twelve but was reviewed due to reports of dange... | What year was hazardous working conditions limited to children in Brazil? | {
"answer_start": [
468
],
"text": [
"1998"
]
} |
572783acdd62a815002e9f4c | Child_labour | In Brazil, the minimum working age has been identified as fourteen due to continuous constitutional amendments that occurred in 1934, 1937, and 1946. Yet due to a change in the dictatorship by the military in the 80’s, the minimum age restriction was reduced to the age of twelve but was reviewed due to reports of dange... | Is there underage children working in Brazil? | {
"answer_start": [
727
],
"text": [
"there is still a high number of children and adolescents working under the age of fourteen in Brazil"
]
} |
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