id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 442
values | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 270 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
572aa16ff75d5e190021fbd0 | Royal_assent | Since the Balfour Declaration of 1926 and the Statute of Westminster 1931, the all Commonwealth realms have been sovereign kingdoms, the monarch and governors-general acting solely on the advice of the local ministers who generally maintain the support of the legislature and are the ones who secure the passage of bills... | What two documents declared all Commonwealth realms as sovereign kingdoms? | {
"answer_start": [
10
],
"text": [
"Balfour Declaration of 1926 and the Statute of Westminster 1931"
]
} |
572aa16ff75d5e190021fbd1 | Royal_assent | Since the Balfour Declaration of 1926 and the Statute of Westminster 1931, the all Commonwealth realms have been sovereign kingdoms, the monarch and governors-general acting solely on the advice of the local ministers who generally maintain the support of the legislature and are the ones who secure the passage of bills... | Who exercised the power to withold royal assent in Alberta in 1937? | {
"answer_start": [
512
],
"text": [
"John C. Bowen"
]
} |
572aa16ff75d5e190021fbd2 | Royal_assent | Since the Balfour Declaration of 1926 and the Statute of Westminster 1931, the all Commonwealth realms have been sovereign kingdoms, the monarch and governors-general acting solely on the advice of the local ministers who generally maintain the support of the legislature and are the ones who secure the passage of bills... | What the did Accurate News and Information Bill hope to accomplish? | {
"answer_start": [
830
],
"text": [
"force newspapers to print government rebuttals to stories to which the provincial cabinet objected"
]
} |
572aa16ff75d5e190021fbd3 | Royal_assent | Since the Balfour Declaration of 1926 and the Statute of Westminster 1931, the all Commonwealth realms have been sovereign kingdoms, the monarch and governors-general acting solely on the advice of the local ministers who generally maintain the support of the legislature and are the ones who secure the passage of bills... | Who decided the unconstitutionality of three bills brought forth by the Social Credit party? | {
"answer_start": [
1000
],
"text": [
"Supreme Court of Canada and by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council."
]
} |
572aa35334ae481900deabeb | Royal_assent | In the United Kingdom, a bill is presented for royal assent after it has passed all the required stages in both the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Under the Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949, the House of Commons may, under certain circumstances, direct that a bill be presented for assent despite lack of passage ... | Which Houses in the UK must approve a bill before it is assented? | {
"answer_start": [
116
],
"text": [
"House of Commons and the House of Lords"
]
} |
572aa35334ae481900deabec | Royal_assent | In the United Kingdom, a bill is presented for royal assent after it has passed all the required stages in both the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Under the Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949, the House of Commons may, under certain circumstances, direct that a bill be presented for assent despite lack of passage ... | Which Parliamentary Acts allow a bill to be presented for assent even after the House of Lords has refused it? | {
"answer_start": [
167
],
"text": [
"Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949"
]
} |
572aa35334ae481900deabed | Royal_assent | In the United Kingdom, a bill is presented for royal assent after it has passed all the required stages in both the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Under the Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949, the House of Commons may, under certain circumstances, direct that a bill be presented for assent despite lack of passage ... | Who can be authorized to grant assent by letters patent? | {
"answer_start": [
376
],
"text": [
"the sovereign or by Lords Commissioners"
]
} |
572aa3fcbe1ee31400cb80fd | Royal_assent | The Clerk of the Parliaments, an official of the House of Lords, traditionally states a formula in Anglo-Norman Law French, indicating the sovereign's decision. The granting of royal assent to a supply bill is indicated with the words "La Reyne remercie ses bons sujets, accepte leur benevolence, et ainsi le veult", tra... | In what language does the Clerk of the Parliaments announce Parliament's decision? | {
"answer_start": [
99
],
"text": [
"Anglo-Norman Law French"
]
} |
572aa3fcbe1ee31400cb80fe | Royal_assent | The Clerk of the Parliaments, an official of the House of Lords, traditionally states a formula in Anglo-Norman Law French, indicating the sovereign's decision. The granting of royal assent to a supply bill is indicated with the words "La Reyne remercie ses bons sujets, accepte leur benevolence, et ainsi le veult", tra... | What words in Anglo-Norman Law French announce a granted assent? | {
"answer_start": [
235
],
"text": [
"\"La Reyne remercie ses bons sujets, accepte leur benevolence, et ainsi le veult\""
]
} |
572aa3fcbe1ee31400cb80ff | Royal_assent | The Clerk of the Parliaments, an official of the House of Lords, traditionally states a formula in Anglo-Norman Law French, indicating the sovereign's decision. The granting of royal assent to a supply bill is indicated with the words "La Reyne remercie ses bons sujets, accepte leur benevolence, et ainsi le veult", tra... | What is the shortened version of the notification of assent? | {
"answer_start": [
465
],
"text": [
"\"La Reyne le veult\""
]
} |
572aa3fcbe1ee31400cb8100 | Royal_assent | The Clerk of the Parliaments, an official of the House of Lords, traditionally states a formula in Anglo-Norman Law French, indicating the sovereign's decision. The granting of royal assent to a supply bill is indicated with the words "La Reyne remercie ses bons sujets, accepte leur benevolence, et ainsi le veult", tra... | What phrase is used to announce a withheld assent? | {
"answer_start": [
673
],
"text": [
"\"La Reyne s'avisera\""
]
} |
572aa5d8f75d5e190021fbec | Royal_assent | Before the reign of Henry VIII, the sovereign always granted his or her assent in person. The sovereign, wearing the Imperial State Crown, would be seated on the throne in the Lords chamber, surrounded by heralds and members of the royal court—a scene that nowadays is repeated only at the annual State Opening of Parlia... | When assention was formally granted in person, who read the titles of the bills? | {
"answer_start": [
577
],
"text": [
"The Clerk of the Crown"
]
} |
572aa5d8f75d5e190021fbed | Royal_assent | Before the reign of Henry VIII, the sovereign always granted his or her assent in person. The sovereign, wearing the Imperial State Crown, would be seated on the throne in the Lords chamber, surrounded by heralds and members of the royal court—a scene that nowadays is repeated only at the annual State Opening of Parlia... | What job did the Clerk of the Parliaments have during assention notifications? | {
"answer_start": [
803
],
"text": [
"stating the appropriate Norman French formula"
]
} |
572aa5d8f75d5e190021fbee | Royal_assent | Before the reign of Henry VIII, the sovereign always granted his or her assent in person. The sovereign, wearing the Imperial State Crown, would be seated on the throne in the Lords chamber, surrounded by heralds and members of the royal court—a scene that nowadays is repeated only at the annual State Opening of Parlia... | Before whose reign was assent always granted in person? | {
"answer_start": [
20
],
"text": [
"Henry VIII"
]
} |
572aa5d8f75d5e190021fbef | Royal_assent | Before the reign of Henry VIII, the sovereign always granted his or her assent in person. The sovereign, wearing the Imperial State Crown, would be seated on the throne in the Lords chamber, surrounded by heralds and members of the royal court—a scene that nowadays is repeated only at the annual State Opening of Parlia... | Nowadays, when is the only time a formal assention ceremony occurs? | {
"answer_start": [
286
],
"text": [
"the annual State Opening of Parliament"
]
} |
572aa5d8f75d5e190021fbf0 | Royal_assent | Before the reign of Henry VIII, the sovereign always granted his or her assent in person. The sovereign, wearing the Imperial State Crown, would be seated on the throne in the Lords chamber, surrounded by heralds and members of the royal court—a scene that nowadays is repeated only at the annual State Opening of Parlia... | On which side of the soverign does the Clerk of the Crown stand? | {
"answer_start": [
629
],
"text": [
"right"
]
} |
572aa7e3111d821400f38c90 | Royal_assent | A new device for granting assent was created during the reign of King Henry VIII. In 1542, Henry sought to execute his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, whom he accused of committing adultery; the execution was to be authorised not after a trial but by a bill of attainder, to which he would have to personally assent after ... | Why did Henry VIII wish to execute his fifth wife? | {
"answer_start": [
168
],
"text": [
"committing adultery"
]
} |
572aa7e3111d821400f38c91 | Royal_assent | A new device for granting assent was created during the reign of King Henry VIII. In 1542, Henry sought to execute his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, whom he accused of committing adultery; the execution was to be authorised not after a trial but by a bill of attainder, to which he would have to personally assent after ... | What was Henry VIII trying to avoid by creating a new procedure for granting assent? | {
"answer_start": [
320
],
"text": [
"listening to the entire text"
]
} |
572aa7e3111d821400f38c92 | Royal_assent | A new device for granting assent was created during the reign of King Henry VIII. In 1542, Henry sought to execute his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, whom he accused of committing adultery; the execution was to be authorised not after a trial but by a bill of attainder, to which he would have to personally assent after ... | How many times in the 16th century was assent granted by Commissioners? | {
"answer_start": [
757
],
"text": [
"five"
]
} |
572aa7e3111d821400f38c93 | Royal_assent | A new device for granting assent was created during the reign of King Henry VIII. In 1542, Henry sought to execute his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, whom he accused of committing adultery; the execution was to be authorised not after a trial but by a bill of attainder, to which he would have to personally assent after ... | Who was the last monarch to grant assent personally? | {
"answer_start": [
902
],
"text": [
"Queen Victoria"
]
} |
572aa8b4f75d5e190021fc06 | Royal_assent | When granting assent by commission, the sovereign authorises three or more (normally five) lords who are Privy Counsellors to grant assent in his or her name. The Lords Commissioners, as the monarch's representatives are known, wear scarlet parliamentary robes and sit on a bench between the throne and the Woolsack. The... | How many lords are usually present during assent by Commissioner? | {
"answer_start": [
85
],
"text": [
"five"
]
} |
572aa8b4f75d5e190021fc07 | Royal_assent | When granting assent by commission, the sovereign authorises three or more (normally five) lords who are Privy Counsellors to grant assent in his or her name. The Lords Commissioners, as the monarch's representatives are known, wear scarlet parliamentary robes and sit on a bench between the throne and the Woolsack. The... | What do the Lords Commissioners wear to a ceremony of assent? | {
"answer_start": [
233
],
"text": [
"scarlet parliamentary robes"
]
} |
572aa8b4f75d5e190021fc08 | Royal_assent | When granting assent by commission, the sovereign authorises three or more (normally five) lords who are Privy Counsellors to grant assent in his or her name. The Lords Commissioners, as the monarch's representatives are known, wear scarlet parliamentary robes and sit on a bench between the throne and the Woolsack. The... | Which commissioner reads the formal closing statement to the assention ceremony? | {
"answer_start": [
369
],
"text": [
"the senior"
]
} |
572aa8b4f75d5e190021fc09 | Royal_assent | When granting assent by commission, the sovereign authorises three or more (normally five) lords who are Privy Counsellors to grant assent in his or her name. The Lords Commissioners, as the monarch's representatives are known, wear scarlet parliamentary robes and sit on a bench between the throne and the Woolsack. The... | Which position reads the commisssion aloud during tthe ceremony? | {
"answer_start": [
317
],
"text": [
"The Lords Reading Clerk"
]
} |
572aa9e7be1ee31400cb812b | Royal_assent | During the 1960s, the ceremony of assenting by commission was discontinued and is now only employed once a year, at the end of the annual parliamentary session. In 1960, the Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod arrived to summon the House of Commons during a heated debate and several members protested against the disruptio... | During which decade was assention by commission discontinued? | {
"answer_start": [
7
],
"text": [
"the 1960s"
]
} |
572aa9e7be1ee31400cb812c | Royal_assent | During the 1960s, the ceremony of assenting by commission was discontinued and is now only employed once a year, at the end of the annual parliamentary session. In 1960, the Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod arrived to summon the House of Commons during a heated debate and several members protested against the disruptio... | When does assention by commission occur today? | {
"answer_start": [
100
],
"text": [
"once a year, at the end of the annual parliamentary session"
]
} |
572aa9e7be1ee31400cb812d | Royal_assent | During the 1960s, the ceremony of assenting by commission was discontinued and is now only employed once a year, at the end of the annual parliamentary session. In 1960, the Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod arrived to summon the House of Commons during a heated debate and several members protested against the disruptio... | In whatear did several members refuse to attend the assention ceremony after a heated debate? | {
"answer_start": [
164
],
"text": [
"1960"
]
} |
572aa9e7be1ee31400cb812e | Royal_assent | During the 1960s, the ceremony of assenting by commission was discontinued and is now only employed once a year, at the end of the annual parliamentary session. In 1960, the Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod arrived to summon the House of Commons during a heated debate and several members protested against the disruptio... | What was passed in reference to the discord in 1960 and 1965 during assention cremonies? | {
"answer_start": [
522
],
"text": [
"Royal Assent Act 1967"
]
} |
572aaae8be1ee31400cb8133 | Royal_assent | Under the Royal Assent Act 1967, royal assent can be granted by the sovereign in writing, by means of letters patent, that are presented to the presiding officer of each house of parliament. Then, the presiding officer makes a formal, but simple statement to the house, acquainting each house that royal assent has been ... | What is unique about the method used for assention allowed by the Royal Assent Act 1967? | {
"answer_start": [
493
],
"text": [
"does not require both houses to meet jointly"
]
} |
572aaae8be1ee31400cb8134 | Royal_assent | Under the Royal Assent Act 1967, royal assent can be granted by the sovereign in writing, by means of letters patent, that are presented to the presiding officer of each house of parliament. Then, the presiding officer makes a formal, but simple statement to the house, acquainting each house that royal assent has been ... | How is assent granted under the Royal Assent Act 1967? | {
"answer_start": [
61
],
"text": [
"by the sovereign in writing, by means of letters patent, that are presented to the presiding officer of each house of parliament"
]
} |
572aaae8be1ee31400cb8135 | Royal_assent | Under the Royal Assent Act 1967, royal assent can be granted by the sovereign in writing, by means of letters patent, that are presented to the presiding officer of each house of parliament. Then, the presiding officer makes a formal, but simple statement to the house, acquainting each house that royal assent has been ... | Which document formats the letters patent? | {
"answer_start": [
649
],
"text": [
"The Crown Office (Forms and Proclamations Rules) Order 1992"
]
} |
572aaae8be1ee31400cb8136 | Royal_assent | Under the Royal Assent Act 1967, royal assent can be granted by the sovereign in writing, by means of letters patent, that are presented to the presiding officer of each house of parliament. Then, the presiding officer makes a formal, but simple statement to the house, acquainting each house that royal assent has been ... | In which year were minor amendments made to the Crown Office Order? | {
"answer_start": [
735
],
"text": [
"2000"
]
} |
572aabf334ae481900deac19 | Royal_assent | When the act is assented to by the sovereign in person, or by empowered Royal Commissioners, royal assent is considered given at the moment when the assent is declared in the presence of both houses jointly assembled. When the procedure created by the Royal Assent Act 1967 is followed, assent is considered granted when... | When assent is granted in person, when is it formally considered final? | {
"answer_start": [
140
],
"text": [
"when the assent is declared in the presence of both houses jointly assembled"
]
} |
572aabf334ae481900deac1a | Royal_assent | When the act is assented to by the sovereign in person, or by empowered Royal Commissioners, royal assent is considered given at the moment when the assent is declared in the presence of both houses jointly assembled. When the procedure created by the Royal Assent Act 1967 is followed, assent is considered granted when... | An assent is considered granted when applying the Royal Assent Act 1967 when both presiding officers have done what? | {
"answer_start": [
446
],
"text": [
"notified their respective house of the grant of royal assent"
]
} |
572aabf334ae481900deac1b | Royal_assent | When the act is assented to by the sovereign in person, or by empowered Royal Commissioners, royal assent is considered given at the moment when the assent is declared in the presence of both houses jointly assembled. When the procedure created by the Royal Assent Act 1967 is followed, assent is considered granted when... | When is assent effective if the presiding officers inform their houses at different times? | {
"answer_start": [
682
],
"text": [
"when the second announcement is made"
]
} |
572aaca8be1ee31400cb8143 | Royal_assent | Independently of the method used to signify royal assent, it is the responsibility of the Clerk of the Parliaments, once the assent has been duly notified to both houses, not only to endorse the act in the name of the monarch with the formal Norman French formula, but to certify that assent has been granted. The clerk ... | Whose responsibility is it to assure that assent has been granted? | {
"answer_start": [
90
],
"text": [
"Clerk of the Parliaments"
]
} |
572aaca8be1ee31400cb8144 | Royal_assent | Independently of the method used to signify royal assent, it is the responsibility of the Clerk of the Parliaments, once the assent has been duly notified to both houses, not only to endorse the act in the name of the monarch with the formal Norman French formula, but to certify that assent has been granted. The clerk ... | What is omitted when an act is published? | {
"answer_start": [
500
],
"text": [
"signature of the clerk is omitted, as is the Norman French formula"
]
} |
572aaca8be1ee31400cb8145 | Royal_assent | Independently of the method used to signify royal assent, it is the responsibility of the Clerk of the Parliaments, once the assent has been duly notified to both houses, not only to endorse the act in the name of the monarch with the formal Norman French formula, but to certify that assent has been granted. The clerk ... | Who writes the formal Norman French formula on passed acts? | {
"answer_start": [
90
],
"text": [
"Clerk of the Parliaments"
]
} |
572aad7d34ae481900deac1f | Royal_assent | In Australia, the formal ceremony of granting assent in parliament has not been regularly used since the early 20th century. Now, the bill is sent to the governor-general's residence by the house in which it originated. The governor-general then signs the bill, sending messages to the President of the Senate and the Sp... | In what year did the New Zealand governor-general last personally grant the royal assent in parliament? | {
"answer_start": [
566
],
"text": [
"1875"
]
} |
572aad7d34ae481900deac20 | Royal_assent | In Australia, the formal ceremony of granting assent in parliament has not been regularly used since the early 20th century. Now, the bill is sent to the governor-general's residence by the house in which it originated. The governor-general then signs the bill, sending messages to the President of the Senate and the Sp... | Which country has not used the formal assention ceremony since the early 20th century? | {
"answer_start": [
3
],
"text": [
"Australia"
]
} |
572aad7d34ae481900deac21 | Royal_assent | In Australia, the formal ceremony of granting assent in parliament has not been regularly used since the early 20th century. Now, the bill is sent to the governor-general's residence by the house in which it originated. The governor-general then signs the bill, sending messages to the President of the Senate and the Sp... | Who are the leaders of each house given the responsibility of informing their group of the governor-generals actions? | {
"answer_start": [
286
],
"text": [
"President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives"
]
} |
572aaec2111d821400f38cb2 | Royal_assent | In Canada, the traditional ceremony for granting assent in parliament was regularly used until the 21st century, long after it had been discontinued in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms. One result, conceived as part of a string of royal duties intended to demonstrate Canada's status as an independent ki... | When did Canada finally cease to use the traditional ceremony for granting assent as regular practice? | {
"answer_start": [
95
],
"text": [
"the 21st century"
]
} |
572aaec2111d821400f38cb3 | Royal_assent | In Canada, the traditional ceremony for granting assent in parliament was regularly used until the 21st century, long after it had been discontinued in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms. One result, conceived as part of a string of royal duties intended to demonstrate Canada's status as an independent ki... | Why was King George VI's personal assent in 1939 noteworthy? | {
"answer_start": [
449
],
"text": [
"85 years after his great-grandmother, Queen Victoria, had last granted royal assent personally"
]
} |
572aaec2111d821400f38cb4 | Royal_assent | In Canada, the traditional ceremony for granting assent in parliament was regularly used until the 21st century, long after it had been discontinued in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms. One result, conceived as part of a string of royal duties intended to demonstrate Canada's status as an independent ki... | With what bill in Canada did granting assent by writing become effective? | {
"answer_start": [
577
],
"text": [
"Royal Assent Act 2002"
]
} |
572aafd5be1ee31400cb8177 | Royal_assent | The Royal Assent ceremony takes place in the Senate, as the sovereign is traditionally barred from the House of Commons. On the day of the event, the Speaker of the Senate will read to the chamber a notice from the secretary to the governor general indicating when the viceroy or a deputy thereof will arrive. The Senate... | From where is the sovereign typically forbidden? | {
"answer_start": [
103
],
"text": [
"House of Commons"
]
} |
572aafd5be1ee31400cb8178 | Royal_assent | The Royal Assent ceremony takes place in the Senate, as the sovereign is traditionally barred from the House of Commons. On the day of the event, the Speaker of the Senate will read to the chamber a notice from the secretary to the governor general indicating when the viceroy or a deputy thereof will arrive. The Senate... | Whose job is it to release parliament after the ceremony? | {
"answer_start": [
1651
],
"text": [
"The governor general or his or her deputy"
]
} |
572aafd5be1ee31400cb8179 | Royal_assent | The Royal Assent ceremony takes place in the Senate, as the sovereign is traditionally barred from the House of Commons. On the day of the event, the Speaker of the Senate will read to the chamber a notice from the secretary to the governor general indicating when the viceroy or a deputy thereof will arrive. The Senate... | Who reads the formal statement after the list of bills has been finished? | {
"answer_start": [
1033
],
"text": [
"Clerk of the Senate"
]
} |
572aafd5be1ee31400cb817a | Royal_assent | The Royal Assent ceremony takes place in the Senate, as the sovereign is traditionally barred from the House of Commons. On the day of the event, the Speaker of the Senate will read to the chamber a notice from the secretary to the governor general indicating when the viceroy or a deputy thereof will arrive. The Senate... | Which position nods their head to signify assention? | {
"answer_start": [
1337
],
"text": [
"governor general"
]
} |
572ab0ca111d821400f38cd6 | Royal_assent | In Belgium, the sanction royale has the same legal effect as royal assent; the Belgian constitution requires a theoretically possible refusal of royal sanction to be countersigned—as any other act of the monarch—by a minister responsible before the House of Representatives. The monarch promulgates the law, meaning that... | What is royal assent called in Belgium? | {
"answer_start": [
16
],
"text": [
"sanction royale"
]
} |
572ab0ca111d821400f38cd7 | Royal_assent | In Belgium, the sanction royale has the same legal effect as royal assent; the Belgian constitution requires a theoretically possible refusal of royal sanction to be countersigned—as any other act of the monarch—by a minister responsible before the House of Representatives. The monarch promulgates the law, meaning that... | Who declared the monarch incapable of acting upon an abortion decriminalization bill in 1990? | {
"answer_start": [
576
],
"text": [
"Council of Ministers"
]
} |
572ab0ca111d821400f38cd8 | Royal_assent | In Belgium, the sanction royale has the same legal effect as royal assent; the Belgian constitution requires a theoretically possible refusal of royal sanction to be countersigned—as any other act of the monarch—by a minister responsible before the House of Representatives. The monarch promulgates the law, meaning that... | Which King refused to sign an abortion decriminalization bill in 1990? | {
"answer_start": [
412
],
"text": [
"King Baudouin"
]
} |
572ab0ca111d821400f38cd9 | Royal_assent | In Belgium, the sanction royale has the same legal effect as royal assent; the Belgian constitution requires a theoretically possible refusal of royal sanction to be countersigned—as any other act of the monarch—by a minister responsible before the House of Representatives. The monarch promulgates the law, meaning that... | Who declared the King capable of excersizing power again after a brief lapse in 1990? | {
"answer_start": [
1044
],
"text": [
"both houses of parliament"
]
} |
572ab241be1ee31400cb8189 | Royal_assent | The constitution of Jordan grants its monarch the right to withhold assent to laws passed by its parliament. Article 93 of that document gives the Jordanian sovereign six months to sign or veto any legislation sent to him from the National Assembly; if he vetoes it within that timeframe, the assembly may override his v... | How much time does a Jordinian leader have to sign or veto legislation? | {
"answer_start": [
167
],
"text": [
"six months"
]
} |
572ab241be1ee31400cb818a | Royal_assent | The constitution of Jordan grants its monarch the right to withhold assent to laws passed by its parliament. Article 93 of that document gives the Jordanian sovereign six months to sign or veto any legislation sent to him from the National Assembly; if he vetoes it within that timeframe, the assembly may override his v... | What majority is required to override a veto from the soverign? | {
"answer_start": [
329
],
"text": [
"two-thirds"
]
} |
572ab241be1ee31400cb818b | Royal_assent | The constitution of Jordan grants its monarch the right to withhold assent to laws passed by its parliament. Article 93 of that document gives the Jordanian sovereign six months to sign or veto any legislation sent to him from the National Assembly; if he vetoes it within that timeframe, the assembly may override his v... | What happens if the soverign doesn't sign the bill within the six-month time frame? | {
"answer_start": [
550
],
"text": [
", it becomes law without his signature"
]
} |
572ab33ff75d5e190021fc56 | Royal_assent | After the House of Representatives has debated the law, it either approves it and sends it to the Senate with the text "The Second Chamber of the States General sends the following approved proposal of law to the First Chamber", or it rejects it and returns it to the government with the text "The Second Chamber of the ... | What text is written and sent to the Senate if the House approves of a law? | {
"answer_start": [
119
],
"text": [
"\"The Second Chamber of the States General sends the following approved proposal of law to the First Chamber\""
]
} |
572ab33ff75d5e190021fc57 | Royal_assent | After the House of Representatives has debated the law, it either approves it and sends it to the Senate with the text "The Second Chamber of the States General sends the following approved proposal of law to the First Chamber", or it rejects it and returns it to the government with the text "The Second Chamber of the ... | What text is written and sent back to the government if a bill is rejected? | {
"answer_start": [
294
],
"text": [
"The Second Chamber of the States General has rejected the accompanying proposal of law.\""
]
} |
572ab33ff75d5e190021fc58 | Royal_assent | After the House of Representatives has debated the law, it either approves it and sends it to the Senate with the text "The Second Chamber of the States General sends the following approved proposal of law to the First Chamber", or it rejects it and returns it to the government with the text "The Second Chamber of the ... | If the Senate approves the law after receiving it from the House, what is written and sent to the government? | {
"answer_start": [
474
],
"text": [
"\"To the King, The States General have accepted the proposal of law as it is offered here.\""
]
} |
572ab3b034ae481900deac67 | Royal_assent | The government, consisting of the monarch and the ministers, will then usually approve the proposal and the sovereign and one of the ministers signs the proposal with the addition of an enacting clause, thereafter notifying the States General that "The King assents to the proposal." It has happened in exceptional circu... | Where are laws published after receiving assent? | {
"answer_start": [
623
],
"text": [
"the State Magazine"
]
} |
572ab3b034ae481900deac68 | Royal_assent | The government, consisting of the monarch and the ministers, will then usually approve the proposal and the sovereign and one of the ministers signs the proposal with the addition of an enacting clause, thereafter notifying the States General that "The King assents to the proposal." It has happened in exceptional circu... | Where is the original law text stored? | {
"answer_start": [
672
],
"text": [
"in the archives of the King's Offices"
]
} |
572ab3b034ae481900deac69 | Royal_assent | The government, consisting of the monarch and the ministers, will then usually approve the proposal and the sovereign and one of the ministers signs the proposal with the addition of an enacting clause, thereafter notifying the States General that "The King assents to the proposal." It has happened in exceptional circu... | What happens in the rare case the government doesn't approve of a law that has passed both houses? | {
"answer_start": [
424
],
"text": [
"neither the monarch nor a minister will sign the bill, notifying the States General that \"The King will keep the proposal under advisement.\""
]
} |
572ab52e34ae481900deac73 | Royal_assent | Articles 77–79 of the Norwegian Constitution specifically grant the monarch of Norway the right to withhold royal assent from any bill passed by the Storting. Should the sovereign ever choose to exercise this privilege, Article 79 provides a means by which his veto may be over-ridden: "If a Bill has been passed unalter... | Which articles in the Norwegian Constitution allow the monarch to reject a bill that has been passed through the Sorting? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Articles 77–79"
]
} |
572ab52e34ae481900deac74 | Royal_assent | Articles 77–79 of the Norwegian Constitution specifically grant the monarch of Norway the right to withhold royal assent from any bill passed by the Storting. Should the sovereign ever choose to exercise this privilege, Article 79 provides a means by which his veto may be over-ridden: "If a Bill has been passed unalter... | Which article in the Norweigan Constitution provides a way to override a monarch's veto? | {
"answer_start": [
220
],
"text": [
"Article 79"
]
} |
572ab52e34ae481900deac75 | Royal_assent | Articles 77–79 of the Norwegian Constitution specifically grant the monarch of Norway the right to withhold royal assent from any bill passed by the Storting. Should the sovereign ever choose to exercise this privilege, Article 79 provides a means by which his veto may be over-ridden: "If a Bill has been passed unalter... | How many elections are required to assend a bill that the monarch has vetoed? | {
"answer_start": [
374
],
"text": [
"two"
]
} |
572ab654be1ee31400cb81c5 | Royal_assent | Title IV of the 1978 Spanish constitution invests the Consentimiento Real (Royal Assent) and promulgation (publication) of laws with the monarch of Spain, while Title III, The Cortes Generales, Chapter 2, Drafting of Bills, outlines the method by which bills are passed. According to Article 91, within fifteen days of p... | Which article in the Spanish constitution gives the monarch the right to ask for a referendum? | {
"answer_start": [
430
],
"text": [
"Article 92"
]
} |
572ab654be1ee31400cb81c6 | Royal_assent | Title IV of the 1978 Spanish constitution invests the Consentimiento Real (Royal Assent) and promulgation (publication) of laws with the monarch of Spain, while Title III, The Cortes Generales, Chapter 2, Drafting of Bills, outlines the method by which bills are passed. According to Article 91, within fifteen days of p... | Which article specifies the number of days available to the monarch to provide a signature on an assended bill? | {
"answer_start": [
284
],
"text": [
"Article 91"
]
} |
572ab654be1ee31400cb81c7 | Royal_assent | Title IV of the 1978 Spanish constitution invests the Consentimiento Real (Royal Assent) and promulgation (publication) of laws with the monarch of Spain, while Title III, The Cortes Generales, Chapter 2, Drafting of Bills, outlines the method by which bills are passed. According to Article 91, within fifteen days of p... | In the 1978 Spanish constitution, which title describes how bills are passed? | {
"answer_start": [
161
],
"text": [
"Title III, The Cortes Generales"
]
} |
572ab654be1ee31400cb81c8 | Royal_assent | Title IV of the 1978 Spanish constitution invests the Consentimiento Real (Royal Assent) and promulgation (publication) of laws with the monarch of Spain, while Title III, The Cortes Generales, Chapter 2, Drafting of Bills, outlines the method by which bills are passed. According to Article 91, within fifteen days of p... | What chapter in the Spanish constitution describes how bills are to be passed? | {
"answer_start": [
194
],
"text": [
"Chapter 2, Drafting of Bills"
]
} |
572ab71734ae481900deac79 | Royal_assent | No provision within the constitution grants the monarch an ability to veto legislation directly; however, no provision prohibits the sovereign from withholding royal assent, which effectively constitutes a veto. When the Spanish media asked King Juan Carlos if he would endorse the bill legalising same-sex marriages, he... | What was King Juan Carlos' response to the media when asked if he would sign a bill supporting same-sex marriage? | {
"answer_start": [
330
],
"text": [
"\"Soy el Rey de España y no el de Bélgica\""
]
} |
572ab71734ae481900deac7a | Royal_assent | No provision within the constitution grants the monarch an ability to veto legislation directly; however, no provision prohibits the sovereign from withholding royal assent, which effectively constitutes a veto. When the Spanish media asked King Juan Carlos if he would endorse the bill legalising same-sex marriages, he... | What other controversial bill did the king give his assent to in 2010? | {
"answer_start": [
744
],
"text": [
"a law permitting abortion on demand"
]
} |
572ab71734ae481900deac7b | Royal_assent | No provision within the constitution grants the monarch an ability to veto legislation directly; however, no provision prohibits the sovereign from withholding royal assent, which effectively constitutes a veto. When the Spanish media asked King Juan Carlos if he would endorse the bill legalising same-sex marriages, he... | When did same-sex marriages become legal in Spain? | {
"answer_start": [
674
],
"text": [
"3 July 2005"
]
} |
572ab969111d821400f38cf2 | Royal_assent | If the Spanish monarch ever refused in conscience to grant royal assent, a procedure similar to the Belgian handling of King Baudouin's objection would not be possible under the current constitution. If the sovereign were ever declared incapable of discharging royal authority, his or her powers would not be transferred... | If the Spanish monarch is deemed incapable of granting assent, who is the power transferred to? | {
"answer_start": [
424
],
"text": [
"the next person of age in the line of succession"
]
} |
572ab969111d821400f38cf3 | Royal_assent | If the Spanish monarch ever refused in conscience to grant royal assent, a procedure similar to the Belgian handling of King Baudouin's objection would not be possible under the current constitution. If the sovereign were ever declared incapable of discharging royal authority, his or her powers would not be transferred... | Could a Spanish ruler follow the same action of events as King Baudouin did in Belgium? | {
"answer_start": [
152
],
"text": [
"not be possible under the current constitution"
]
} |
572abc90be1ee31400cb81ed | Royal_assent | Articles 41 and 68 of the constitution empower the sovereign to withhold royal assent from bills adopted by the Legislative Assembly. In 2010, the kingdom moved towards greater democracy, with King George Tupou V saying that he would be guided by his prime minister in the exercising of his powers. Nonetheless, this doe... | Which articles allow the soverign to refise consent even when the bills have been passed through the Legislative assembly? | {
"answer_start": [
9
],
"text": [
"41 and 68"
]
} |
572abc90be1ee31400cb81ee | Royal_assent | Articles 41 and 68 of the constitution empower the sovereign to withhold royal assent from bills adopted by the Legislative Assembly. In 2010, the kingdom moved towards greater democracy, with King George Tupou V saying that he would be guided by his prime minister in the exercising of his powers. Nonetheless, this doe... | What statement by King George Tupou emphasized democracy? | {
"answer_start": [
225
],
"text": [
"he would be guided by his prime minister in the exercising of his powers"
]
} |
572abc90be1ee31400cb81ef | Royal_assent | Articles 41 and 68 of the constitution empower the sovereign to withhold royal assent from bills adopted by the Legislative Assembly. In 2010, the kingdom moved towards greater democracy, with King George Tupou V saying that he would be guided by his prime minister in the exercising of his powers. Nonetheless, this doe... | In which year was the Arms and Ammunitions (Amemndment) Bill adopted? | {
"answer_start": [
406
],
"text": [
"2011"
]
} |
572abc90be1ee31400cb81f0 | Royal_assent | Articles 41 and 68 of the constitution empower the sovereign to withhold royal assent from bills adopted by the Legislative Assembly. In 2010, the kingdom moved towards greater democracy, with King George Tupou V saying that he would be guided by his prime minister in the exercising of his powers. Nonetheless, this doe... | In what month did the King veto the Arms and Ammunitions Amendment Bill? | {
"answer_start": [
863
],
"text": [
"December"
]
} |
5728062d3acd2414000df281 | Group_(mathematics) | In mathematics, a group is an algebraic structure consisting of a set of elements equipped with an operation that combines any two elements to form a third element. The operation satisfies four conditions called the group axioms, namely closure, associativity, identity and invertibility. One of the most familiar exampl... | What is an arithmetical structure comprising of a set of elements including an operation that joins any two elements to form a third element? | {
"answer_start": [
16
],
"text": [
"a group"
]
} |
5728062d3acd2414000df282 | Group_(mathematics) | In mathematics, a group is an algebraic structure consisting of a set of elements equipped with an operation that combines any two elements to form a third element. The operation satisfies four conditions called the group axioms, namely closure, associativity, identity and invertibility. One of the most familiar exampl... | What is the name used to describe the four conditions of closure, associativity, identity and invertibility? | {
"answer_start": [
216
],
"text": [
"group axioms"
]
} |
5728062d3acd2414000df283 | Group_(mathematics) | In mathematics, a group is an algebraic structure consisting of a set of elements equipped with an operation that combines any two elements to form a third element. The operation satisfies four conditions called the group axioms, namely closure, associativity, identity and invertibility. One of the most familiar exampl... | What permits elements with different mathematical starting points to be taken care of in a flexible manner while holding their key basic aspects? | {
"answer_start": [
403
],
"text": [
"abstract formalization of the group axioms"
]
} |
572807e2ff5b5019007d9b64 | Group_(mathematics) | Groups share a fundamental kinship with the notion of symmetry. For example, a symmetry group encodes symmetry features of a geometrical object: the group consists of the set of transformations that leave the object unchanged and the operation of combining two such transformations by performing one after the other. Lie... | What shares an essential relationship to groups? | {
"answer_start": [
54
],
"text": [
"symmetry"
]
} |
572807e2ff5b5019007d9b65 | Group_(mathematics) | Groups share a fundamental kinship with the notion of symmetry. For example, a symmetry group encodes symmetry features of a geometrical object: the group consists of the set of transformations that leave the object unchanged and the operation of combining two such transformations by performing one after the other. Lie... | What are the symmetry groups utilized as a part of the Standard Model particle physics? | {
"answer_start": [
317
],
"text": [
"Lie groups"
]
} |
572807e2ff5b5019007d9b66 | Group_(mathematics) | Groups share a fundamental kinship with the notion of symmetry. For example, a symmetry group encodes symmetry features of a geometrical object: the group consists of the set of transformations that leave the object unchanged and the operation of combining two such transformations by performing one after the other. Lie... | What groups are are utilized toward comprehending symmetry wonders in chemistry? | {
"answer_start": [
400
],
"text": [
"Point groups"
]
} |
572807e2ff5b5019007d9b67 | Group_(mathematics) | Groups share a fundamental kinship with the notion of symmetry. For example, a symmetry group encodes symmetry features of a geometrical object: the group consists of the set of transformations that leave the object unchanged and the operation of combining two such transformations by performing one after the other. Lie... | What groups can express the physical symmetry hidden behind special relativity? | {
"answer_start": [
488
],
"text": [
"Poincaré groups"
]
} |
572809ab2ca10214002d9c38 | Group_(mathematics) | The concept of a group arose from the study of polynomial equations, starting with Évariste Galois in the 1830s. After contributions from other fields such as number theory and geometry, the group notion was generalized and firmly established around 1870. Modern group theory—an active mathematical discipline—studies gr... | Where did the idea of a group come from? | {
"answer_start": [
34
],
"text": [
"the study of polynomial equations,"
]
} |
572809ab2ca10214002d9c39 | Group_(mathematics) | The concept of a group arose from the study of polynomial equations, starting with Évariste Galois in the 1830s. After contributions from other fields such as number theory and geometry, the group notion was generalized and firmly established around 1870. Modern group theory—an active mathematical discipline—studies gr... | When was the group notion summed up and solidly settled? | {
"answer_start": [
250
],
"text": [
"1870"
]
} |
572809ab2ca10214002d9c3a | Group_(mathematics) | The concept of a group arose from the study of polynomial equations, starting with Évariste Galois in the 1830s. After contributions from other fields such as number theory and geometry, the group notion was generalized and firmly established around 1870. Modern group theory—an active mathematical discipline—studies gr... | What are smaller and easier to understand groups broken down into? | {
"answer_start": [
480
],
"text": [
"subgroups, quotient groups and simple groups."
]
} |
572809ab2ca10214002d9c3b | Group_(mathematics) | The concept of a group arose from the study of polynomial equations, starting with Évariste Galois in the 1830s. After contributions from other fields such as number theory and geometry, the group notion was generalized and firmly established around 1870. Modern group theory—an active mathematical discipline—studies gr... | When was announcement for the classification of finite simple groups? | {
"answer_start": [
872
],
"text": [
"1983"
]
} |
57280b474b864d19001642e6 | Group_(mathematics) | The set G is called the underlying set of the group (G, •). Often the group's underlying set G is used as a short name for the group (G, •). Along the same lines, shorthand expressions such as "a subset of the group G" or "an element of group G" are used when what is actually meant is "a subset of the underlying set G ... | What is known as underlying set of the group? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"The set"
]
} |
57280b474b864d19001642e7 | Group_(mathematics) | The set G is called the underlying set of the group (G, •). Often the group's underlying set G is used as a short name for the group (G, •). Along the same lines, shorthand expressions such as "a subset of the group G" or "an element of group G" are used when what is actually meant is "a subset of the underlying set G ... | What is often utilized as a short name for the group? | {
"answer_start": [
66
],
"text": [
"the group's underlying set"
]
} |
57280b474b864d19001642e8 | Group_(mathematics) | The set G is called the underlying set of the group (G, •). Often the group's underlying set G is used as a short name for the group (G, •). Along the same lines, shorthand expressions such as "a subset of the group G" or "an element of group G" are used when what is actually meant is "a subset of the underlying set G ... | What expressions are utilized when is really implied to be a longer expression? | {
"answer_start": [
163
],
"text": [
"shorthand expressions"
]
} |
57280d1c4b864d190016431a | Group_(mathematics) | These symmetries are represented by functions. Each of these functions sends a point in the square to the corresponding point under the symmetry. For example, r1 sends a point to its rotation 90° clockwise around the square's center, and fh sends a point to its reflection across the square's vertical middle line. Compo... | What sends a point in the square to the relating point under the symmetry? | {
"answer_start": [
61
],
"text": [
"functions"
]
} |
57280d1c4b864d190016431b | Group_(mathematics) | These symmetries are represented by functions. Each of these functions sends a point in the square to the corresponding point under the symmetry. For example, r1 sends a point to its rotation 90° clockwise around the square's center, and fh sends a point to its reflection across the square's vertical middle line. Compo... | What gives another symmetry function? | {
"answer_start": [
315
],
"text": [
"Composing two of these symmetry functions"
]
} |
57280d1c4b864d190016431c | Group_(mathematics) | These symmetries are represented by functions. Each of these functions sends a point in the square to the corresponding point under the symmetry. For example, r1 sends a point to its rotation 90° clockwise around the square's center, and fh sends a point to its reflection across the square's vertical middle line. Compo... | What group includes the symmetries of degree 4 and denoted D4? | {
"answer_start": [
432
],
"text": [
"the dihedral group"
]
} |
57280ee3ff5b5019007d9c02 | Group_(mathematics) | The modern concept of an abstract group developed out of several fields of mathematics. The original motivation for group theory was the quest for solutions of polynomial equations of degree higher than 4. The 19th-century French mathematician Évariste Galois, extending prior work of Paolo Ruffini and Joseph-Louis Lagr... | Which French mathematician expanded on earlier work of Paolo Ruffini and Joseph-Louis Lagrange? | {
"answer_start": [
244
],
"text": [
"Évariste Galois"
]
} |
57280ee3ff5b5019007d9c01 | Group_(mathematics) | The modern concept of an abstract group developed out of several fields of mathematics. The original motivation for group theory was the quest for solutions of polynomial equations of degree higher than 4. The 19th-century French mathematician Évariste Galois, extending prior work of Paolo Ruffini and Joseph-Louis Lagr... | The journey for answers to polynomial equations of degree higher than 4 was the original motivation for what theory? | {
"answer_start": [
116
],
"text": [
"group theory"
]
} |
57280ee3ff5b5019007d9c03 | Group_(mathematics) | The modern concept of an abstract group developed out of several fields of mathematics. The original motivation for group theory was the quest for solutions of polynomial equations of degree higher than 4. The 19th-century French mathematician Évariste Galois, extending prior work of Paolo Ruffini and Joseph-Louis Lagr... | Who developed a theory giving the first abstract definition of a finite group? | {
"answer_start": [
725
],
"text": [
"Arthur Cayley"
]
} |
57280ee3ff5b5019007d9c00 | Group_(mathematics) | The modern concept of an abstract group developed out of several fields of mathematics. The original motivation for group theory was the quest for solutions of polynomial equations of degree higher than 4. The 19th-century French mathematician Évariste Galois, extending prior work of Paolo Ruffini and Joseph-Louis Lagr... | What modern concept was created from many fields of mathematics? | {
"answer_start": [
25
],
"text": [
"abstract group"
]
} |
5728106fff5b5019007d9c3a | Group_(mathematics) | The convergence of these various sources into a uniform theory of groups started with Camille Jordan's Traité des substitutions et des équations algébriques (1870). Walther von Dyck (1882) introduced the idea of specifying a group by means of generators and relations, and was also the first to give an axiomatic definit... | When did the uniform theory of groups develop from different sources? | {
"answer_start": [
158
],
"text": [
"1870"
]
} |
5728106fff5b5019007d9c3b | Group_(mathematics) | The convergence of these various sources into a uniform theory of groups started with Camille Jordan's Traité des substitutions et des équations algébriques (1870). Walther von Dyck (1882) introduced the idea of specifying a group by means of generators and relations, and was also the first to give an axiomatic definit... | Who presented a method for specifying a group by means of generators and relations? | {
"answer_start": [
165
],
"text": [
"Walther von Dyck"
]
} |
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