id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 442
values | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 270 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
572e8e6bc246551400ce4348 | Neptune | In 1821, Alexis Bouvard published astronomical tables of the orbit of Neptune's neighbour Uranus. Subsequent observations revealed substantial deviations from the tables, leading Bouvard to hypothesise that an unknown body was perturbing the orbit through gravitational interaction. In 1843, John Couch Adams began work ... | What did the extra data John Couch Adams received produce? | {
"answer_start": [
566
],
"text": [
"several different estimates of a new planet"
]
} |
572e8f1ddfa6aa1500f8d129 | Neptune | Meanwhile, Le Verrier by letter urged Berlin Observatory astronomer Johann Gottfried Galle to search with the observatory's refractor. Heinrich d'Arrest, a student at the observatory, suggested to Galle that they could compare a recently drawn chart of the sky in the region of Le Verrier's predicted location with the c... | Who was Henrich d'Arrest? | {
"answer_start": [
156
],
"text": [
"student at the observatory"
]
} |
572e8f1ddfa6aa1500f8d12b | Neptune | Meanwhile, Le Verrier by letter urged Berlin Observatory astronomer Johann Gottfried Galle to search with the observatory's refractor. Heinrich d'Arrest, a student at the observatory, suggested to Galle that they could compare a recently drawn chart of the sky in the region of Le Verrier's predicted location with the c... | When did Galle discover Neptune? | {
"answer_start": [
430
],
"text": [
"23 September 1846"
]
} |
572e8f1ddfa6aa1500f8d12c | Neptune | Meanwhile, Le Verrier by letter urged Berlin Observatory astronomer Johann Gottfried Galle to search with the observatory's refractor. Heinrich d'Arrest, a student at the observatory, suggested to Galle that they could compare a recently drawn chart of the sky in the region of Le Verrier's predicted location with the c... | How many degrees off was Adams' prediction? | {
"answer_start": [
566
],
"text": [
"12°"
]
} |
572e8f1ddfa6aa1500f8d12a | Neptune | Meanwhile, Le Verrier by letter urged Berlin Observatory astronomer Johann Gottfried Galle to search with the observatory's refractor. Heinrich d'Arrest, a student at the observatory, suggested to Galle that they could compare a recently drawn chart of the sky in the region of Le Verrier's predicted location with the c... | What did Henrich d'Arrest seek to find? | {
"answer_start": [
339
],
"text": [
"the displacement characteristic of a planet"
]
} |
572e8f1ddfa6aa1500f8d12d | Neptune | Meanwhile, Le Verrier by letter urged Berlin Observatory astronomer Johann Gottfried Galle to search with the observatory's refractor. Heinrich d'Arrest, a student at the observatory, suggested to Galle that they could compare a recently drawn chart of the sky in the region of Le Verrier's predicted location with the c... | What was Challis looking for when he saw Neptune the first two times? | {
"answer_start": [
799
],
"text": [
"comet observations"
]
} |
572e90cedfa6aa1500f8d151 | Neptune | In the wake of the discovery, there was much nationalistic rivalry between the French and the British over who deserved credit for the discovery. Eventually, an international consensus emerged that both Le Verrier and Adams jointly deserved credit. Since 1966, Dennis Rawlins has questioned the credibility of Adams's cl... | What two countries argued over credit for the discovery of Neptune? | {
"answer_start": [
79
],
"text": [
"French and the British"
]
} |
572e90cedfa6aa1500f8d152 | Neptune | In the wake of the discovery, there was much nationalistic rivalry between the French and the British over who deserved credit for the discovery. Eventually, an international consensus emerged that both Le Verrier and Adams jointly deserved credit. Since 1966, Dennis Rawlins has questioned the credibility of Adams's cl... | Who ultimately deserved credit for the discovery of Neptune? | {
"answer_start": [
203
],
"text": [
"Le Verrier and Adams"
]
} |
572e90cedfa6aa1500f8d153 | Neptune | In the wake of the discovery, there was much nationalistic rivalry between the French and the British over who deserved credit for the discovery. Eventually, an international consensus emerged that both Le Verrier and Adams jointly deserved credit. Since 1966, Dennis Rawlins has questioned the credibility of Adams's cl... | Who questioned Adams's claim to co-discovery of Neptune? | {
"answer_start": [
261
],
"text": [
"Dennis Rawlins"
]
} |
572e90cedfa6aa1500f8d155 | Neptune | In the wake of the discovery, there was much nationalistic rivalry between the French and the British over who deserved credit for the discovery. Eventually, an international consensus emerged that both Le Verrier and Adams jointly deserved credit. Since 1966, Dennis Rawlins has questioned the credibility of Adams's cl... | Who predicted Neptune's place and convinced astronomer's to search for it? | {
"answer_start": [
585
],
"text": [
"Le Verrier"
]
} |
572e90cedfa6aa1500f8d154 | Neptune | In the wake of the discovery, there was much nationalistic rivalry between the French and the British over who deserved credit for the discovery. Eventually, an international consensus emerged that both Le Verrier and Adams jointly deserved credit. Since 1966, Dennis Rawlins has questioned the credibility of Adams's cl... | Who did not deserve credit to co-discovery of Neptune? | {
"answer_start": [
544
],
"text": [
"Adams"
]
} |
572e916ec246551400ce4356 | Neptune | Claiming the right to name his discovery, Le Verrier quickly proposed the name Neptune for this new planet, though falsely stating that this had been officially approved by the French Bureau des Longitudes. In October, he sought to name the planet Le Verrier, after himself, and he had loyal support in this from the obs... | Who claimed the right to name Neptune? | {
"answer_start": [
42
],
"text": [
"Le Verrier"
]
} |
572e916ec246551400ce4358 | Neptune | Claiming the right to name his discovery, Le Verrier quickly proposed the name Neptune for this new planet, though falsely stating that this had been officially approved by the French Bureau des Longitudes. In October, he sought to name the planet Le Verrier, after himself, and he had loyal support in this from the obs... | What country approved Neptune's first name? | {
"answer_start": [
405
],
"text": [
"France"
]
} |
572e916ec246551400ce4357 | Neptune | Claiming the right to name his discovery, Le Verrier quickly proposed the name Neptune for this new planet, though falsely stating that this had been officially approved by the French Bureau des Longitudes. In October, he sought to name the planet Le Verrier, after himself, and he had loyal support in this from the obs... | What did the discoverer want to name Neptune first? | {
"answer_start": [
248
],
"text": [
"Le Verrier"
]
} |
572e916ec246551400ce4359 | Neptune | Claiming the right to name his discovery, Le Verrier quickly proposed the name Neptune for this new planet, though falsely stating that this had been officially approved by the French Bureau des Longitudes. In October, he sought to name the planet Le Verrier, after himself, and he had loyal support in this from the obs... | What first introduced Neptune and Uranus's names? | {
"answer_start": [
413
],
"text": [
"French almanacs"
]
} |
572e916ec246551400ce435a | Neptune | Claiming the right to name his discovery, Le Verrier quickly proposed the name Neptune for this new planet, though falsely stating that this had been officially approved by the French Bureau des Longitudes. In October, he sought to name the planet Le Verrier, after himself, and he had loyal support in this from the obs... | Who did not approve of the first name for Neptune? | {
"answer_start": [
177
],
"text": [
"French Bureau des Longitudes"
]
} |
572e923bdfa6aa1500f8d15b | Neptune | Most languages today, even in countries that have no direct link to Greco-Roman culture, use some variant of the name "Neptune" for the planet. However, in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean, the planet's name was translated as "sea king star" (海王星), because Neptune was the god of the sea. In Mongolian, Neptune is called Da... | What is the Chinese, Japanese, and Korean translations for Neptune? | {
"answer_start": [
224
],
"text": [
"sea king star"
]
} |
572e923bdfa6aa1500f8d15c | Neptune | Most languages today, even in countries that have no direct link to Greco-Roman culture, use some variant of the name "Neptune" for the planet. However, in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean, the planet's name was translated as "sea king star" (海王星), because Neptune was the god of the sea. In Mongolian, Neptune is called Da... | What god was Neptune? | {
"answer_start": [
270
],
"text": [
"god of the sea"
]
} |
572e923bdfa6aa1500f8d15d | Neptune | Most languages today, even in countries that have no direct link to Greco-Roman culture, use some variant of the name "Neptune" for the planet. However, in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean, the planet's name was translated as "sea king star" (海王星), because Neptune was the god of the sea. In Mongolian, Neptune is called Da... | What is the Mongolian name for Neptune? | {
"answer_start": [
318
],
"text": [
"Dalain Van"
]
} |
572e923bdfa6aa1500f8d15e | Neptune | Most languages today, even in countries that have no direct link to Greco-Roman culture, use some variant of the name "Neptune" for the planet. However, in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean, the planet's name was translated as "sea king star" (海王星), because Neptune was the god of the sea. In Mongolian, Neptune is called Da... | What did the Greeks call Neptune? | {
"answer_start": [
440
],
"text": [
"Poseidon"
]
} |
572e923bdfa6aa1500f8d15f | Neptune | Most languages today, even in countries that have no direct link to Greco-Roman culture, use some variant of the name "Neptune" for the planet. However, in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean, the planet's name was translated as "sea king star" (海王星), because Neptune was the god of the sea. In Mongolian, Neptune is called Da... | What was the Biblical sea monster that Neptune is named in Hebrew? | {
"answer_start": [
521
],
"text": [
"Rahab"
]
} |
572e931103f98919007567c5 | Neptune | From its discovery in 1846 until the subsequent discovery of Pluto in 1930, Neptune was the farthest known planet. When Pluto was discovered it was considered a planet, and Neptune thus became the penultimate known planet, except for a 20-year period between 1979 and 1999 when Pluto's elliptical orbit brought it closer... | What was Neptune before Pluto was discovered? | {
"answer_start": [
92
],
"text": [
"farthest known planet"
]
} |
572e931103f98919007567c7 | Neptune | From its discovery in 1846 until the subsequent discovery of Pluto in 1930, Neptune was the farthest known planet. When Pluto was discovered it was considered a planet, and Neptune thus became the penultimate known planet, except for a 20-year period between 1979 and 1999 when Pluto's elliptical orbit brought it closer... | What discovery made astronomer's debate Pluto's status as a planet? | {
"answer_start": [
363
],
"text": [
"the Kuiper belt"
]
} |
572e931103f98919007567c8 | Neptune | From its discovery in 1846 until the subsequent discovery of Pluto in 1930, Neptune was the farthest known planet. When Pluto was discovered it was considered a planet, and Neptune thus became the penultimate known planet, except for a 20-year period between 1979 and 1999 when Pluto's elliptical orbit brought it closer... | What year did the International Astronomical Union define the word planet? | {
"answer_start": [
496
],
"text": [
"2006"
]
} |
572e931103f98919007567c9 | Neptune | From its discovery in 1846 until the subsequent discovery of Pluto in 1930, Neptune was the farthest known planet. When Pluto was discovered it was considered a planet, and Neptune thus became the penultimate known planet, except for a 20-year period between 1979 and 1999 when Pluto's elliptical orbit brought it closer... | Now that Pluto isn't a planet, what is Neptune known for in our solar system? | {
"answer_start": [
655
],
"text": [
"the outermost known planet"
]
} |
572e931103f98919007567c6 | Neptune | From its discovery in 1846 until the subsequent discovery of Pluto in 1930, Neptune was the farthest known planet. When Pluto was discovered it was considered a planet, and Neptune thus became the penultimate known planet, except for a 20-year period between 1979 and 1999 when Pluto's elliptical orbit brought it closer... | What period was Pluto closer to the sun than Neptune? | {
"answer_start": [
251
],
"text": [
"between 1979 and 1999"
]
} |
572e939ecb0c0d14000f12f4 | Neptune | Neptune's mass of 1.0243×1026 kg, is intermediate between Earth and the larger gas giants: it is 17 times that of Earth but just 1/19th that of Jupiter.[d] Its gravity at 1 bar is 11.15 m/s2, 1.14 times the surface gravity of Earth, and surpassed only by Jupiter. Neptune's equatorial radius of 24,764 km is nearly four ... | What is Neptune's mass? | {
"answer_start": [
18
],
"text": [
"1.0243×1026 kg"
]
} |
572e939ecb0c0d14000f12f5 | Neptune | Neptune's mass of 1.0243×1026 kg, is intermediate between Earth and the larger gas giants: it is 17 times that of Earth but just 1/19th that of Jupiter.[d] Its gravity at 1 bar is 11.15 m/s2, 1.14 times the surface gravity of Earth, and surpassed only by Jupiter. Neptune's equatorial radius of 24,764 km is nearly four ... | How much more mass does Neptune have compared to Earth? | {
"answer_start": [
97
],
"text": [
"17 times"
]
} |
572e939ecb0c0d14000f12f6 | Neptune | Neptune's mass of 1.0243×1026 kg, is intermediate between Earth and the larger gas giants: it is 17 times that of Earth but just 1/19th that of Jupiter.[d] Its gravity at 1 bar is 11.15 m/s2, 1.14 times the surface gravity of Earth, and surpassed only by Jupiter. Neptune's equatorial radius of 24,764 km is nearly four ... | What is Neptune's gravity at 1 bar? | {
"answer_start": [
180
],
"text": [
"11.15 m/s2"
]
} |
572e939ecb0c0d14000f12f7 | Neptune | Neptune's mass of 1.0243×1026 kg, is intermediate between Earth and the larger gas giants: it is 17 times that of Earth but just 1/19th that of Jupiter.[d] Its gravity at 1 bar is 11.15 m/s2, 1.14 times the surface gravity of Earth, and surpassed only by Jupiter. Neptune's equatorial radius of 24,764 km is nearly four ... | What is Neptune's equatorial radius? | {
"answer_start": [
295
],
"text": [
"24,764 km"
]
} |
572e939ecb0c0d14000f12f8 | Neptune | Neptune's mass of 1.0243×1026 kg, is intermediate between Earth and the larger gas giants: it is 17 times that of Earth but just 1/19th that of Jupiter.[d] Its gravity at 1 bar is 11.15 m/s2, 1.14 times the surface gravity of Earth, and surpassed only by Jupiter. Neptune's equatorial radius of 24,764 km is nearly four ... | What is Neptune referred to due to it's size and concentration of volatiles? | {
"answer_start": [
369
],
"text": [
"ice giant"
]
} |
572e945cc246551400ce4372 | Neptune | The mantle is equivalent to 10 to 15 Earth masses and is rich in water, ammonia and methane. As is customary in planetary science, this mixture is referred to as icy even though it is a hot, dense fluid. This fluid, which has a high electrical conductivity, is sometimes called a water–ammonia ocean. The mantle may cons... | What is Neptune's mantle rich in? | {
"answer_start": [
65
],
"text": [
"water, ammonia and methane"
]
} |
572e945cc246551400ce4373 | Neptune | The mantle is equivalent to 10 to 15 Earth masses and is rich in water, ammonia and methane. As is customary in planetary science, this mixture is referred to as icy even though it is a hot, dense fluid. This fluid, which has a high electrical conductivity, is sometimes called a water–ammonia ocean. The mantle may cons... | What is the hot, dense fluid in Neptune referred to as? | {
"answer_start": [
162
],
"text": [
"icy"
]
} |
572e945cc246551400ce4374 | Neptune | The mantle is equivalent to 10 to 15 Earth masses and is rich in water, ammonia and methane. As is customary in planetary science, this mixture is referred to as icy even though it is a hot, dense fluid. This fluid, which has a high electrical conductivity, is sometimes called a water–ammonia ocean. The mantle may cons... | What does the fluid in Neptune have a high conductivity of? | {
"answer_start": [
233
],
"text": [
"electrical"
]
} |
572e945cc246551400ce4375 | Neptune | The mantle is equivalent to 10 to 15 Earth masses and is rich in water, ammonia and methane. As is customary in planetary science, this mixture is referred to as icy even though it is a hot, dense fluid. This fluid, which has a high electrical conductivity, is sometimes called a water–ammonia ocean. The mantle may cons... | How deep does Neptune's water-ammonia ocean go? | {
"answer_start": [
580
],
"text": [
"7000 km"
]
} |
572e945cc246551400ce4376 | Neptune | The mantle is equivalent to 10 to 15 Earth masses and is rich in water, ammonia and methane. As is customary in planetary science, this mixture is referred to as icy even though it is a hot, dense fluid. This fluid, which has a high electrical conductivity, is sometimes called a water–ammonia ocean. The mantle may cons... | What rains on Neptune? | {
"answer_start": [
645
],
"text": [
"diamond crystals"
]
} |
572e9983cb0c0d14000f132c | Neptune | At high altitudes, Neptune's atmosphere is 80% hydrogen and 19% helium. A trace amount of methane is also present. Prominent absorption bands of methane exist at wavelengths above 600 nm, in the red and infrared portion of the spectrum. As with Uranus, this absorption of red light by the atmospheric methane is part of ... | What is Neptune's atmosphere made of? | {
"answer_start": [
43
],
"text": [
"80% hydrogen and 19% helium"
]
} |
572e9983cb0c0d14000f132d | Neptune | At high altitudes, Neptune's atmosphere is 80% hydrogen and 19% helium. A trace amount of methane is also present. Prominent absorption bands of methane exist at wavelengths above 600 nm, in the red and infrared portion of the spectrum. As with Uranus, this absorption of red light by the atmospheric methane is part of ... | Where are absorption bands of methane on Neptune? | {
"answer_start": [
162
],
"text": [
"wavelengths above 600 nm"
]
} |
572e9983cb0c0d14000f132e | Neptune | At high altitudes, Neptune's atmosphere is 80% hydrogen and 19% helium. A trace amount of methane is also present. Prominent absorption bands of methane exist at wavelengths above 600 nm, in the red and infrared portion of the spectrum. As with Uranus, this absorption of red light by the atmospheric methane is part of ... | What gives Neptune it's blue hue? | {
"answer_start": [
258
],
"text": [
"absorption of red light by the atmospheric methane"
]
} |
572e9983cb0c0d14000f132f | Neptune | At high altitudes, Neptune's atmosphere is 80% hydrogen and 19% helium. A trace amount of methane is also present. Prominent absorption bands of methane exist at wavelengths above 600 nm, in the red and infrared portion of the spectrum. As with Uranus, this absorption of red light by the atmospheric methane is part of ... | What planet also gets it's color from atmospheric constituent? | {
"answer_start": [
487
],
"text": [
"Uranus"
]
} |
572e9983cb0c0d14000f1330 | Neptune | At high altitudes, Neptune's atmosphere is 80% hydrogen and 19% helium. A trace amount of methane is also present. Prominent absorption bands of methane exist at wavelengths above 600 nm, in the red and infrared portion of the spectrum. As with Uranus, this absorption of red light by the atmospheric methane is part of ... | What color is Uranus, compared to Neptune? | {
"answer_start": [
413
],
"text": [
"cyan"
]
} |
572e9ac6dfa6aa1500f8d1e9 | Neptune | Models suggest that Neptune's troposphere is banded by clouds of varying compositions depending on altitude. The upper-level clouds lie at pressures below one bar, where the temperature is suitable for methane to condense. For pressures between one and five bars (100 and 500 kPa), clouds of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide... | What is Neptune's clouds competition variants dependent on? | {
"answer_start": [
99
],
"text": [
"altitude"
]
} |
572e9ac6dfa6aa1500f8d1ea | Neptune | Models suggest that Neptune's troposphere is banded by clouds of varying compositions depending on altitude. The upper-level clouds lie at pressures below one bar, where the temperature is suitable for methane to condense. For pressures between one and five bars (100 and 500 kPa), clouds of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide... | Which clouds on Neptune are suitable for methane to condense? | {
"answer_start": [
113
],
"text": [
"upper-level"
]
} |
572e9ac6dfa6aa1500f8d1eb | Neptune | Models suggest that Neptune's troposphere is banded by clouds of varying compositions depending on altitude. The upper-level clouds lie at pressures below one bar, where the temperature is suitable for methane to condense. For pressures between one and five bars (100 and 500 kPa), clouds of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide... | What clouds form between one and five bars on Neptune? | {
"answer_start": [
292
],
"text": [
"ammonia and hydrogen sulfide"
]
} |
572e9ac6dfa6aa1500f8d1ec | Neptune | Models suggest that Neptune's troposphere is banded by clouds of varying compositions depending on altitude. The upper-level clouds lie at pressures below one bar, where the temperature is suitable for methane to condense. For pressures between one and five bars (100 and 500 kPa), clouds of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide... | On Neptune, what do clouds above five bars consist of? | {
"answer_start": [
399
],
"text": [
"ammonia, ammonium sulfide, hydrogen sulfide and water"
]
} |
572e9ac6dfa6aa1500f8d1ed | Neptune | Models suggest that Neptune's troposphere is banded by clouds of varying compositions depending on altitude. The upper-level clouds lie at pressures below one bar, where the temperature is suitable for methane to condense. For pressures between one and five bars (100 and 500 kPa), clouds of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide... | What is the temperature on Neptune's clouds that are at 50 bars? | {
"answer_start": [
568
],
"text": [
"273 K (0 °C)"
]
} |
572e9d16c246551400ce43f6 | Neptune | High-altitude clouds on Neptune have been observed casting shadows on the opaque cloud deck below. There are also high-altitude cloud bands that wrap around the planet at constant latitude. These circumferential bands have widths of 50–150 km and lie about 50–110 km above the cloud deck. These altitudes are in the laye... | On Neptune, which clouds cast shadows on the cloud deck below it? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"High-altitude clouds"
]
} |
572e9d16c246551400ce43f7 | Neptune | High-altitude clouds on Neptune have been observed casting shadows on the opaque cloud deck below. There are also high-altitude cloud bands that wrap around the planet at constant latitude. These circumferential bands have widths of 50–150 km and lie about 50–110 km above the cloud deck. These altitudes are in the laye... | What are the widths of the cloud bands on Neptune? | {
"answer_start": [
233
],
"text": [
"50–150 km"
]
} |
572e9d16c246551400ce43f8 | Neptune | High-altitude clouds on Neptune have been observed casting shadows on the opaque cloud deck below. There are also high-altitude cloud bands that wrap around the planet at constant latitude. These circumferential bands have widths of 50–150 km and lie about 50–110 km above the cloud deck. These altitudes are in the laye... | Where are the high altitude bands of clouds on Neptune? | {
"answer_start": [
257
],
"text": [
"50–110 km above the cloud deck."
]
} |
572e9d16c246551400ce43fa | Neptune | High-altitude clouds on Neptune have been observed casting shadows on the opaque cloud deck below. There are also high-altitude cloud bands that wrap around the planet at constant latitude. These circumferential bands have widths of 50–150 km and lie about 50–110 km above the cloud deck. These altitudes are in the laye... | What does Neptune have more of compared to Uranus? | {
"answer_start": [
478
],
"text": [
"volume of ocean"
]
} |
572e9d16c246551400ce43f9 | Neptune | High-altitude clouds on Neptune have been observed casting shadows on the opaque cloud deck below. There are also high-altitude cloud bands that wrap around the planet at constant latitude. These circumferential bands have widths of 50–150 km and lie about 50–110 km above the cloud deck. These altitudes are in the laye... | Where on Neptune does weather not occur? | {
"answer_start": [
391
],
"text": [
"higher stratosphere or thermosphere"
]
} |
572e9eb603f989190075683f | Neptune | For reasons that remain obscure, the planet's thermosphere is at an anomalously high temperature of about 750 K. The planet is too far from the Sun for this heat to be generated by ultraviolet radiation. One candidate for a heating mechanism is atmospheric interaction with ions in the planet's magnetic field. Other can... | What is Neptune's temperature in the thermosphere? | {
"answer_start": [
106
],
"text": [
"750 K"
]
} |
572e9eb603f9891900756840 | Neptune | For reasons that remain obscure, the planet's thermosphere is at an anomalously high temperature of about 750 K. The planet is too far from the Sun for this heat to be generated by ultraviolet radiation. One candidate for a heating mechanism is atmospheric interaction with ions in the planet's magnetic field. Other can... | What would interact with Neptune's magnetic field to make it warm? | {
"answer_start": [
245
],
"text": [
"atmospheric interaction with ions"
]
} |
572e9eb603f9891900756841 | Neptune | For reasons that remain obscure, the planet's thermosphere is at an anomalously high temperature of about 750 K. The planet is too far from the Sun for this heat to be generated by ultraviolet radiation. One candidate for a heating mechanism is atmospheric interaction with ions in the planet's magnetic field. Other can... | Where would gravity waves in Neptune's interior dissipate? | {
"answer_start": [
379
],
"text": [
"in the atmosphere"
]
} |
572e9eb603f9891900756842 | Neptune | For reasons that remain obscure, the planet's thermosphere is at an anomalously high temperature of about 750 K. The planet is too far from the Sun for this heat to be generated by ultraviolet radiation. One candidate for a heating mechanism is atmospheric interaction with ions in the planet's magnetic field. Other can... | What does Neptune's thermosphere containers traces of? | {
"answer_start": [
434
],
"text": [
"carbon dioxide and water"
]
} |
572ea13b03f9891900756863 | Neptune | Neptune also resembles Uranus in its magnetosphere, with a magnetic field strongly tilted relative to its rotational axis at 47° and offset at least 0.55 radii, or about 13500 km from the planet's physical centre. Before Voyager 2's arrival at Neptune, it was hypothesised that Uranus's tilted magnetosphere was the resu... | What is the rotational axis of Neptune's magnetic field? | {
"answer_start": [
125
],
"text": [
"47°"
]
} |
572ea13b03f9891900756864 | Neptune | Neptune also resembles Uranus in its magnetosphere, with a magnetic field strongly tilted relative to its rotational axis at 47° and offset at least 0.55 radii, or about 13500 km from the planet's physical centre. Before Voyager 2's arrival at Neptune, it was hypothesised that Uranus's tilted magnetosphere was the resu... | Where is Neptune's magnetic field offset from the physical centre? | {
"answer_start": [
149
],
"text": [
"0.55 radii"
]
} |
572ea13b03f9891900756865 | Neptune | Neptune also resembles Uranus in its magnetosphere, with a magnetic field strongly tilted relative to its rotational axis at 47° and offset at least 0.55 radii, or about 13500 km from the planet's physical centre. Before Voyager 2's arrival at Neptune, it was hypothesised that Uranus's tilted magnetosphere was the resu... | What planet besides Neptune has a sideways rotation? | {
"answer_start": [
278
],
"text": [
"Uranus's"
]
} |
572ea13b03f9891900756866 | Neptune | Neptune also resembles Uranus in its magnetosphere, with a magnetic field strongly tilted relative to its rotational axis at 47° and offset at least 0.55 radii, or about 13500 km from the planet's physical centre. Before Voyager 2's arrival at Neptune, it was hypothesised that Uranus's tilted magnetosphere was the resu... | What might cause Neptune's extreme orientation? | {
"answer_start": [
472
],
"text": [
"flows in the planets' interiors"
]
} |
572ea13b03f9891900756867 | Neptune | Neptune also resembles Uranus in its magnetosphere, with a magnetic field strongly tilted relative to its rotational axis at 47° and offset at least 0.55 radii, or about 13500 km from the planet's physical centre. Before Voyager 2's arrival at Neptune, it was hypothesised that Uranus's tilted magnetosphere was the resu... | What fluids are in Neptune's interior? | {
"answer_start": [
649
],
"text": [
"ammonia, methane and water"
]
} |
572ea25103f989190075686d | Neptune | The dipole component of the magnetic field at the magnetic equator of Neptune is about 14 microteslas (0.14 G). The dipole magnetic moment of Neptune is about 2.2 × 1017 T·m3 (14 μT·RN3, where RN is the radius of Neptune). Neptune's magnetic field has a complex geometry that includes relatively large contributions from... | What is Neptune's dipole magnetic moment? | {
"answer_start": [
159
],
"text": [
"2.2 × 1017 T·m3"
]
} |
572ea25103f989190075686e | Neptune | The dipole component of the magnetic field at the magnetic equator of Neptune is about 14 microteslas (0.14 G). The dipole magnetic moment of Neptune is about 2.2 × 1017 T·m3 (14 μT·RN3, where RN is the radius of Neptune). Neptune's magnetic field has a complex geometry that includes relatively large contributions from... | What is one of Neptune's non-dipolar component what may exceed the dipole moment in strength? | {
"answer_start": [
357
],
"text": [
"strong quadrupole moment"
]
} |
572ea25103f989190075686f | Neptune | The dipole component of the magnetic field at the magnetic equator of Neptune is about 14 microteslas (0.14 G). The dipole magnetic moment of Neptune is about 2.2 × 1017 T·m3 (14 μT·RN3, where RN is the radius of Neptune). Neptune's magnetic field has a complex geometry that includes relatively large contributions from... | Which three planets have small quadrupole moments compared to Neptune? | {
"answer_start": [
442
],
"text": [
"Earth, Jupiter and Saturn"
]
} |
572ea25103f9891900756870 | Neptune | The dipole component of the magnetic field at the magnetic equator of Neptune is about 14 microteslas (0.14 G). The dipole magnetic moment of Neptune is about 2.2 × 1017 T·m3 (14 μT·RN3, where RN is the radius of Neptune). Neptune's magnetic field has a complex geometry that includes relatively large contributions from... | Besides the geometrical constraints of Neptune's dynamo generator, what is another result of the quadrupole moment? | {
"answer_start": [
641
],
"text": [
"the planet's centre"
]
} |
572ea25103f9891900756871 | Neptune | The dipole component of the magnetic field at the magnetic equator of Neptune is about 14 microteslas (0.14 G). The dipole magnetic moment of Neptune is about 2.2 × 1017 T·m3 (14 μT·RN3, where RN is the radius of Neptune). Neptune's magnetic field has a complex geometry that includes relatively large contributions from... | What is the dipole component of the magnetic field at the magnetic equator of neptune? | {
"answer_start": [
87
],
"text": [
"14 microteslas (0.14 G)"
]
} |
572ea38403f9891900756889 | Neptune | Neptune has a planetary ring system, though one much less substantial than that of Saturn. The rings may consist of ice particles coated with silicates or carbon-based material, which most likely gives them a reddish hue. The three main rings are the narrow Adams Ring, 63,000 km from the centre of Neptune, the Le Verri... | What system, like Saturn, does Neptune have? | {
"answer_start": [
14
],
"text": [
"planetary ring system"
]
} |
572ea38403f989190075688a | Neptune | Neptune has a planetary ring system, though one much less substantial than that of Saturn. The rings may consist of ice particles coated with silicates or carbon-based material, which most likely gives them a reddish hue. The three main rings are the narrow Adams Ring, 63,000 km from the centre of Neptune, the Le Verri... | What might Neptune's rings consist of? | {
"answer_start": [
116
],
"text": [
"ice particles"
]
} |
572ea38403f989190075688b | Neptune | Neptune has a planetary ring system, though one much less substantial than that of Saturn. The rings may consist of ice particles coated with silicates or carbon-based material, which most likely gives them a reddish hue. The three main rings are the narrow Adams Ring, 63,000 km from the centre of Neptune, the Le Verri... | What might the ice particles of Neptune's rings be coated with? | {
"answer_start": [
142
],
"text": [
"silicates or carbon-based material"
]
} |
572ea38403f989190075688c | Neptune | Neptune has a planetary ring system, though one much less substantial than that of Saturn. The rings may consist of ice particles coated with silicates or carbon-based material, which most likely gives them a reddish hue. The three main rings are the narrow Adams Ring, 63,000 km from the centre of Neptune, the Le Verri... | Where is Adams ring from the center of Neptune? | {
"answer_start": [
270
],
"text": [
"63,000 km"
]
} |
572ea38403f989190075688d | Neptune | Neptune has a planetary ring system, though one much less substantial than that of Saturn. The rings may consist of ice particles coated with silicates or carbon-based material, which most likely gives them a reddish hue. The three main rings are the narrow Adams Ring, 63,000 km from the centre of Neptune, the Le Verri... | Where is the La Verrier ring from the center of Neptune? | {
"answer_start": [
332
],
"text": [
"53,000 km"
]
} |
572ea40dcb0c0d14000f13d2 | Neptune | Neptune's weather is characterised by extremely dynamic storm systems, with winds reaching speeds of almost 600 m/s (2,200 km/h; 1,300 mph)—nearly reaching supersonic flow. More typically, by tracking the motion of persistent clouds, wind speeds have been shown to vary from 20 m/s in the easterly direction to 325 m/s w... | What dynamic weather does Neptune have? | {
"answer_start": [
56
],
"text": [
"storm"
]
} |
572ea40dcb0c0d14000f13d3 | Neptune | Neptune's weather is characterised by extremely dynamic storm systems, with winds reaching speeds of almost 600 m/s (2,200 km/h; 1,300 mph)—nearly reaching supersonic flow. More typically, by tracking the motion of persistent clouds, wind speeds have been shown to vary from 20 m/s in the easterly direction to 325 m/s w... | What does Neptune's wind speeds reach? | {
"answer_start": [
108
],
"text": [
"600 m/s (2,200 km/h; 1,300 mph)"
]
} |
572ea40dcb0c0d14000f13d4 | Neptune | Neptune's weather is characterised by extremely dynamic storm systems, with winds reaching speeds of almost 600 m/s (2,200 km/h; 1,300 mph)—nearly reaching supersonic flow. More typically, by tracking the motion of persistent clouds, wind speeds have been shown to vary from 20 m/s in the easterly direction to 325 m/s w... | What is the high wind speed on Neptune's cloud tops? | {
"answer_start": [
389
],
"text": [
"400 m/s"
]
} |
572ea40dcb0c0d14000f13d5 | Neptune | Neptune's weather is characterised by extremely dynamic storm systems, with winds reaching speeds of almost 600 m/s (2,200 km/h; 1,300 mph)—nearly reaching supersonic flow. More typically, by tracking the motion of persistent clouds, wind speeds have been shown to vary from 20 m/s in the easterly direction to 325 m/s w... | Which direction does Neptune's winds move relevant to the plant's rotation? | {
"answer_start": [
489
],
"text": [
"opposite"
]
} |
572ea40dcb0c0d14000f13d6 | Neptune | Neptune's weather is characterised by extremely dynamic storm systems, with winds reaching speeds of almost 600 m/s (2,200 km/h; 1,300 mph)—nearly reaching supersonic flow. More typically, by tracking the motion of persistent clouds, wind speeds have been shown to vary from 20 m/s in the easterly direction to 325 m/s w... | What is the effect called that describes the flow direction on Neptune? | {
"answer_start": [
690
],
"text": [
"skin effect"
]
} |
572ea4b0c246551400ce4458 | Neptune | In 2007, it was discovered that the upper troposphere of Neptune's south pole was about 10 K warmer than the rest of its atmosphere, which averages approximately 73 K (−200 °C). The temperature differential is enough to let methane, which elsewhere is frozen in the troposphere, escape into the stratosphere near the pol... | How much warmer is Neptune's south pole to the rest of it's atmosphere? | {
"answer_start": [
88
],
"text": [
"10 K"
]
} |
572ea4b0c246551400ce445a | Neptune | In 2007, it was discovered that the upper troposphere of Neptune's south pole was about 10 K warmer than the rest of its atmosphere, which averages approximately 73 K (−200 °C). The temperature differential is enough to let methane, which elsewhere is frozen in the troposphere, escape into the stratosphere near the pol... | Where does methane in the south pole escape to on Neptune? | {
"answer_start": [
291
],
"text": [
"the stratosphere near the pole."
]
} |
572ea4b0c246551400ce4459 | Neptune | In 2007, it was discovered that the upper troposphere of Neptune's south pole was about 10 K warmer than the rest of its atmosphere, which averages approximately 73 K (−200 °C). The temperature differential is enough to let methane, which elsewhere is frozen in the troposphere, escape into the stratosphere near the pol... | What is the average temperature of Neptune's south pole? | {
"answer_start": [
162
],
"text": [
"73 K (−200 °C)."
]
} |
572ea4b0c246551400ce445b | Neptune | In 2007, it was discovered that the upper troposphere of Neptune's south pole was about 10 K warmer than the rest of its atmosphere, which averages approximately 73 K (−200 °C). The temperature differential is enough to let methane, which elsewhere is frozen in the troposphere, escape into the stratosphere near the pol... | How many earth years is Neptune's south pole exposed to the sun? | {
"answer_start": [
474
],
"text": [
"40"
]
} |
572ea4b0c246551400ce445c | Neptune | In 2007, it was discovered that the upper troposphere of Neptune's south pole was about 10 K warmer than the rest of its atmosphere, which averages approximately 73 K (−200 °C). The temperature differential is enough to let methane, which elsewhere is frozen in the troposphere, escape into the stratosphere near the pol... | To which pole will Neptune's methane shift to as it moves to the opposite side of the sun? | {
"answer_start": [
660
],
"text": [
"north pole"
]
} |
572ea63ac246551400ce446c | Neptune | The Scooter is another storm, a white cloud group farther south than the Great Dark Spot. This nickname first arose during the months leading up to the Voyager 2 encounter in 1989, when they were observed moving at speeds faster than the Great Dark Spot (and images acquired later would subsequently reveal the presence ... | What white cloud group on Neptune is farther south than the dark great spot? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"The Scooter"
]
} |
572ea63ac246551400ce446d | Neptune | The Scooter is another storm, a white cloud group farther south than the Great Dark Spot. This nickname first arose during the months leading up to the Voyager 2 encounter in 1989, when they were observed moving at speeds faster than the Great Dark Spot (and images acquired later would subsequently reveal the presence ... | When was The Scooter on Neptune observed? | {
"answer_start": [
175
],
"text": [
"1989"
]
} |
572ea63ac246551400ce446e | Neptune | The Scooter is another storm, a white cloud group farther south than the Great Dark Spot. This nickname first arose during the months leading up to the Voyager 2 encounter in 1989, when they were observed moving at speeds faster than the Great Dark Spot (and images acquired later would subsequently reveal the presence ... | What type of storm is The Scooter on Neptune? | {
"answer_start": [
433
],
"text": [
"southern cyclonic storm"
]
} |
572ea63ac246551400ce446f | Neptune | The Scooter is another storm, a white cloud group farther south than the Great Dark Spot. This nickname first arose during the months leading up to the Voyager 2 encounter in 1989, when they were observed moving at speeds faster than the Great Dark Spot (and images acquired later would subsequently reveal the presence ... | What detected the storms on Neptune? | {
"answer_start": [
396
],
"text": [
"Voyager 2)"
]
} |
572ea63ac246551400ce4470 | Neptune | The Scooter is another storm, a white cloud group farther south than the Great Dark Spot. This nickname first arose during the months leading up to the Voyager 2 encounter in 1989, when they were observed moving at speeds faster than the Great Dark Spot (and images acquired later would subsequently reveal the presence ... | What is the second most intense storm on Neptune? | {
"answer_start": [
408
],
"text": [
"The Small Dark Spot"
]
} |
572ea6dbdfa6aa1500f8d251 | Neptune | Neptune's dark spots are thought to occur in the troposphere at lower altitudes than the brighter cloud features, so they appear as holes in the upper cloud decks. As they are stable features that can persist for several months, they are thought to be vortex structures. Often associated with dark spots are brighter, pe... | Where are Neptune's dark spots thought to occur? | {
"answer_start": [
42
],
"text": [
"in the troposphere"
]
} |
572ea6dbdfa6aa1500f8d252 | Neptune | Neptune's dark spots are thought to occur in the troposphere at lower altitudes than the brighter cloud features, so they appear as holes in the upper cloud decks. As they are stable features that can persist for several months, they are thought to be vortex structures. Often associated with dark spots are brighter, pe... | What do Neptune's dark spots appear as in the cloud decks? | {
"answer_start": [
132
],
"text": [
"holes"
]
} |
572ea6dbdfa6aa1500f8d253 | Neptune | Neptune's dark spots are thought to occur in the troposphere at lower altitudes than the brighter cloud features, so they appear as holes in the upper cloud decks. As they are stable features that can persist for several months, they are thought to be vortex structures. Often associated with dark spots are brighter, pe... | Since Neptune's dark spots persist for several months, what are they thought to be? | {
"answer_start": [
252
],
"text": [
"vortex structures"
]
} |
572ea6dbdfa6aa1500f8d254 | Neptune | Neptune's dark spots are thought to occur in the troposphere at lower altitudes than the brighter cloud features, so they appear as holes in the upper cloud decks. As they are stable features that can persist for several months, they are thought to be vortex structures. Often associated with dark spots are brighter, pe... | What on Neptune are associated with dark spots that are brighter? | {
"answer_start": [
329
],
"text": [
"methane clouds"
]
} |
572ea6dbdfa6aa1500f8d255 | Neptune | Neptune's dark spots are thought to occur in the troposphere at lower altitudes than the brighter cloud features, so they appear as holes in the upper cloud decks. As they are stable features that can persist for several months, they are thought to be vortex structures. Often associated with dark spots are brighter, pe... | When Neptune's dark spots migrate too close to the equator, what do they do? | {
"answer_start": [
560
],
"text": [
"dissipate"
]
} |
572ea842dfa6aa1500f8d26f | Neptune | Neptune's more varied weather when compared to Uranus is due in part to its higher internal heating. Although Neptune lies over 50% further from the Sun than Uranus, and receives only 40% its amount of sunlight, the two planets' surface temperatures are roughly equal. The upper regions of Neptune's troposphere reach a ... | Why might Neptune have more varied weather than Uranus? | {
"answer_start": [
76
],
"text": [
"higher internal heating"
]
} |
572ea842dfa6aa1500f8d270 | Neptune | Neptune's more varied weather when compared to Uranus is due in part to its higher internal heating. Although Neptune lies over 50% further from the Sun than Uranus, and receives only 40% its amount of sunlight, the two planets' surface temperatures are roughly equal. The upper regions of Neptune's troposphere reach a ... | How much farther is Neptune from the Sun than Uranus? | {
"answer_start": [
128
],
"text": [
"50%"
]
} |
572ea842dfa6aa1500f8d271 | Neptune | Neptune's more varied weather when compared to Uranus is due in part to its higher internal heating. Although Neptune lies over 50% further from the Sun than Uranus, and receives only 40% its amount of sunlight, the two planets' surface temperatures are roughly equal. The upper regions of Neptune's troposphere reach a ... | How much percentage of the sun does Neptune get compared to Uranus? | {
"answer_start": [
184
],
"text": [
"40%"
]
} |
572ea842dfa6aa1500f8d272 | Neptune | Neptune's more varied weather when compared to Uranus is due in part to its higher internal heating. Although Neptune lies over 50% further from the Sun than Uranus, and receives only 40% its amount of sunlight, the two planets' surface temperatures are roughly equal. The upper regions of Neptune's troposphere reach a ... | How much more energy does Neptune radiate than it receives? | {
"answer_start": [
723
],
"text": [
"2.61"
]
} |
572ea842dfa6aa1500f8d273 | Neptune | Neptune's more varied weather when compared to Uranus is due in part to its higher internal heating. Although Neptune lies over 50% further from the Sun than Uranus, and receives only 40% its amount of sunlight, the two planets' surface temperatures are roughly equal. The upper regions of Neptune's troposphere reach a ... | The current heat flow on Neptune might be explained by what? | {
"answer_start": [
981
],
"text": [
"heat left over from Neptune's formation"
]
} |
572ea93ec246551400ce448a | Neptune | On 11 July 2011, Neptune completed its first full barycentric orbit since its discovery in 1846, although it did not appear at its exact discovery position in the sky, because Earth was in a different location in its 365.26-day orbit. Because of the motion of the Sun in relation to the barycentre of the Solar System, o... | When did Neptune complete it's first barycentric orbit since it's discovery? | {
"answer_start": [
3
],
"text": [
"11 July 2011"
]
} |
572ea93ec246551400ce448b | Neptune | On 11 July 2011, Neptune completed its first full barycentric orbit since its discovery in 1846, although it did not appear at its exact discovery position in the sky, because Earth was in a different location in its 365.26-day orbit. Because of the motion of the Sun in relation to the barycentre of the Solar System, o... | What is the Earth's orbit? | {
"answer_start": [
217
],
"text": [
"365.26-day"
]
} |
572ea93ec246551400ce448d | Neptune | On 11 July 2011, Neptune completed its first full barycentric orbit since its discovery in 1846, although it did not appear at its exact discovery position in the sky, because Earth was in a different location in its 365.26-day orbit. Because of the motion of the Sun in relation to the barycentre of the Solar System, o... | Why didn't Neptune appear to be in it's exact discover position? | {
"answer_start": [
176
],
"text": [
"Earth was in a different location"
]
} |
572ea93ec246551400ce448c | Neptune | On 11 July 2011, Neptune completed its first full barycentric orbit since its discovery in 1846, although it did not appear at its exact discovery position in the sky, because Earth was in a different location in its 365.26-day orbit. Because of the motion of the Sun in relation to the barycentre of the Solar System, o... | Using the heliocentric coordinate system, when did Neptune reach the discovery longitude? | {
"answer_start": [
505
],
"text": [
"12 July 2011"
]
} |
572ea9c803f98919007568db | Neptune | Neptune's orbit has a profound impact on the region directly beyond it, known as the Kuiper belt. The Kuiper belt is a ring of small icy worlds, similar to the asteroid belt but far larger, extending from Neptune's orbit at 30 AU out to about 55 AU from the Sun. Much in the same way that Jupiter's gravity dominates the... | What is the region behind Neptune called? | {
"answer_start": [
85
],
"text": [
"Kuiper belt"
]
} |
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