id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 442
values | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 270 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
57325556e99e3014001e66d0 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Sociologist James A. Beckford, in his 1975 study of Jehovah's Witnesses, classified the religion's organizational structure as Totalizing, characterized by an assertive leadership, specific and narrow objectives, control over competing demands on members' time and energy, and control over the quality of new members. Ot... | What did Beckford classify the Jehovah's Witnesses organizational structure as being? | {
"answer_start": [
127
],
"text": [
"Totalizing"
]
} |
57325556e99e3014001e66d1 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Sociologist James A. Beckford, in his 1975 study of Jehovah's Witnesses, classified the religion's organizational structure as Totalizing, characterized by an assertive leadership, specific and narrow objectives, control over competing demands on members' time and energy, and control over the quality of new members. Ot... | What is the conviction that Jehovah's Witness leaders dispense absolute truth? | {
"answer_start": [
748
],
"text": [
"absolutism"
]
} |
57325556e99e3014001e66d2 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Sociologist James A. Beckford, in his 1975 study of Jehovah's Witnesses, classified the religion's organizational structure as Totalizing, characterized by an assertive leadership, specific and narrow objectives, control over competing demands on members' time and energy, and control over the quality of new members. Ot... | What is the term for Jehovah's Witnesses' rejection of certain secular requirements and medical treatments? | {
"answer_start": [
1081
],
"text": [
"world indifference"
]
} |
57325603b9d445190005ea55 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | A sociological comparative study by the Pew Research Center found that Jehovah's Witnesses in the United States ranked highest in statistics for getting no further than high school graduation, belief in God, importance of religion in one's life, frequency of religious attendance, frequency of prayers, frequency of Bibl... | Jehovah's Witnesses in the United States ranked highest in people whose education extended no further than what? | {
"answer_start": [
169
],
"text": [
"high school graduation"
]
} |
57325603b9d445190005ea56 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | A sociological comparative study by the Pew Research Center found that Jehovah's Witnesses in the United States ranked highest in statistics for getting no further than high school graduation, belief in God, importance of religion in one's life, frequency of religious attendance, frequency of prayers, frequency of Bibl... | Compared to other religions, Jehovah's Witnesses have the highest frequency of doing what with the Bible outside of religious services? | {
"answer_start": [
322
],
"text": [
"reading"
]
} |
57325603b9d445190005ea57 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | A sociological comparative study by the Pew Research Center found that Jehovah's Witnesses in the United States ranked highest in statistics for getting no further than high school graduation, belief in God, importance of religion in one's life, frequency of religious attendance, frequency of prayers, frequency of Bibl... | What religion ranks highest in frequency of religious attendance? | {
"answer_start": [
71
],
"text": [
"Jehovah's Witnesses"
]
} |
57325603b9d445190005ea58 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | A sociological comparative study by the Pew Research Center found that Jehovah's Witnesses in the United States ranked highest in statistics for getting no further than high school graduation, belief in God, importance of religion in one's life, frequency of religious attendance, frequency of prayers, frequency of Bibl... | Statistically, what is a Jehovah's Witnesses likely not to care about at all? | {
"answer_start": [
698
],
"text": [
"politics"
]
} |
57325603b9d445190005ea59 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | A sociological comparative study by the Pew Research Center found that Jehovah's Witnesses in the United States ranked highest in statistics for getting no further than high school graduation, belief in God, importance of religion in one's life, frequency of religious attendance, frequency of prayers, frequency of Bibl... | What do few Jehovah's Witnesses earn? | {
"answer_start": [
664
],
"text": [
"a graduate degree"
]
} |
573256c6e17f3d14004228b5 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Political and religious animosity against Jehovah's Witnesses has at times led to mob action and government oppression in various countries. Their doctrine of political neutrality and their refusal to serve in the military has led to imprisonment of members who refused conscription during World War II and at other time... | What has at times led to immense violence against Jehovah's Witnesses? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Political and religious animosity"
]
} |
573256c6e17f3d14004228b6 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Political and religious animosity against Jehovah's Witnesses has at times led to mob action and government oppression in various countries. Their doctrine of political neutrality and their refusal to serve in the military has led to imprisonment of members who refused conscription during World War II and at other time... | Why have Jehovah's Witnesses sometimes been imprisoned? | {
"answer_start": [
147
],
"text": [
"doctrine of political neutrality and their refusal to serve in the military"
]
} |
573256c6e17f3d14004228b7 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Political and religious animosity against Jehovah's Witnesses has at times led to mob action and government oppression in various countries. Their doctrine of political neutrality and their refusal to serve in the military has led to imprisonment of members who refused conscription during World War II and at other time... | Of the 20,000 Jehovah's Witnesses in Germany in 1933, how many were later imprisoned? | {
"answer_start": [
453
],
"text": [
"10,000"
]
} |
573256c6e17f3d14004228b8 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Political and religious animosity against Jehovah's Witnesses has at times led to mob action and government oppression in various countries. Their doctrine of political neutrality and their refusal to serve in the military has led to imprisonment of members who refused conscription during World War II and at other time... | What were Jehovah's Witnesses identified by in Nazi concentration camps? | {
"answer_start": [
567
],
"text": [
"purple triangles"
]
} |
573256c6e17f3d14004228b9 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Political and religious animosity against Jehovah's Witnesses has at times led to mob action and government oppression in various countries. Their doctrine of political neutrality and their refusal to serve in the military has led to imprisonment of members who refused conscription during World War II and at other time... | What countries ban the religious activities of Jehovah's Witnesses? | {
"answer_start": [
988
],
"text": [
"China, Vietnam and some Islamic states"
]
} |
57325817b9d445190005ea67 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Authors including William Whalen, Shawn Francis Peters and former Witnesses Barbara Grizzuti Harrison, Alan Rogerson and William Schnell have claimed the arrests and mob violence in the United States in the 1930s and 1940s were the consequence of what appeared to be a deliberate course of provocation of authorities and... | Who were Jehovah's Witnesses accused of intentionally provoking in the 1930s and 1940s? | {
"answer_start": [
305
],
"text": [
"authorities and other religions"
]
} |
57325817b9d445190005ea68 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Authors including William Whalen, Shawn Francis Peters and former Witnesses Barbara Grizzuti Harrison, Alan Rogerson and William Schnell have claimed the arrests and mob violence in the United States in the 1930s and 1940s were the consequence of what appeared to be a deliberate course of provocation of authorities and... | What authors have suggested Rutherford invited and cultivated opposition for the purpose of publicity? | {
"answer_start": [
361
],
"text": [
"Whalen, Harrison and Schnell"
]
} |
57325817b9d445190005ea69 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Authors including William Whalen, Shawn Francis Peters and former Witnesses Barbara Grizzuti Harrison, Alan Rogerson and William Schnell have claimed the arrests and mob violence in the United States in the 1930s and 1940s were the consequence of what appeared to be a deliberate course of provocation of authorities and... | What did Rutherford hope to convince members about the persecution from the outside world? | {
"answer_start": [
594
],
"text": [
"evidence of the truth of their struggle"
]
} |
57325817b9d445190005ea6a | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Authors including William Whalen, Shawn Francis Peters and former Witnesses Barbara Grizzuti Harrison, Alan Rogerson and William Schnell have claimed the arrests and mob violence in the United States in the 1930s and 1940s were the consequence of what appeared to be a deliberate course of provocation of authorities and... | What did Watch Tower Society literature tell Jehovah's Witnesses they should never seek? | {
"answer_start": [
738
],
"text": [
"controversy"
]
} |
57325817b9d445190005ea6b | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Authors including William Whalen, Shawn Francis Peters and former Witnesses Barbara Grizzuti Harrison, Alan Rogerson and William Schnell have claimed the arrests and mob violence in the United States in the 1930s and 1940s were the consequence of what appeared to be a deliberate course of provocation of authorities and... | What should a Jehovah's Witnesses prefer to paying fines? | {
"answer_start": [
895
],
"text": [
"jail"
]
} |
573258d2e17f3d14004228d1 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | In the United States, their persistent legal challenges prompted a series of state and federal court rulings that reinforced judicial protections for civil liberties. Among the rights strengthened by Witness court victories in the United States are the protection of religious conduct from federal and state interference... | What did Jehovah's Witnesses persistent legal challenges result in, in the United States? | {
"answer_start": [
114
],
"text": [
"reinforced judicial protections for civil liberties"
]
} |
573258d2e17f3d14004228d2 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | In the United States, their persistent legal challenges prompted a series of state and federal court rulings that reinforced judicial protections for civil liberties. Among the rights strengthened by Witness court victories in the United States are the protection of religious conduct from federal and state interference... | What is religious conduct protected from the interference of? | {
"answer_start": [
290
],
"text": [
"federal and state"
]
} |
573258d2e17f3d14004228d3 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | In the United States, their persistent legal challenges prompted a series of state and federal court rulings that reinforced judicial protections for civil liberties. Among the rights strengthened by Witness court victories in the United States are the protection of religious conduct from federal and state interference... | What right to abstain from do Jehovah's Witnesses exercise? | {
"answer_start": [
348
],
"text": [
"patriotic rituals and military service"
]
} |
573258d2e17f3d14004228d4 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | In the United States, their persistent legal challenges prompted a series of state and federal court rulings that reinforced judicial protections for civil liberties. Among the rights strengthened by Witness court victories in the United States are the protection of religious conduct from federal and state interference... | What do patients have the right to refuse? | {
"answer_start": [
420
],
"text": [
"medical treatment"
]
} |
573258d2e17f3d14004228d5 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | In the United States, their persistent legal challenges prompted a series of state and federal court rulings that reinforced judicial protections for civil liberties. Among the rights strengthened by Witness court victories in the United States are the protection of religious conduct from federal and state interference... | Where have cases in the Jehovah's Witnesses favor been heard outside of the U.S.? | {
"answer_start": [
532
],
"text": [
"Canada"
]
} |
573259a4e99e3014001e66ec | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Doctrines of Jehovah's Witnesses are established by the Governing Body. The religion does not tolerate dissent over doctrines and practices; members who openly disagree with the religion's teachings are expelled and shunned. Witness publications strongly discourage followers from questioning doctrine and counsel receiv... | Who establishes the doctrines of the Jehovah's Witnesses? | {
"answer_start": [
52
],
"text": [
"the Governing Body"
]
} |
573259a4e99e3014001e66ed | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Doctrines of Jehovah's Witnesses are established by the Governing Body. The religion does not tolerate dissent over doctrines and practices; members who openly disagree with the religion's teachings are expelled and shunned. Witness publications strongly discourage followers from questioning doctrine and counsel receiv... | What do the Jehovah's Witnesses religion not tolerate any of? | {
"answer_start": [
103
],
"text": [
"dissent"
]
} |
573259a4e99e3014001e66ee | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Doctrines of Jehovah's Witnesses are established by the Governing Body. The religion does not tolerate dissent over doctrines and practices; members who openly disagree with the religion's teachings are expelled and shunned. Witness publications strongly discourage followers from questioning doctrine and counsel receiv... | What happens to members who disagree with the religion's teachings? | {
"answer_start": [
203
],
"text": [
"expelled and shunned"
]
} |
573259a4e99e3014001e66ef | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Doctrines of Jehovah's Witnesses are established by the Governing Body. The religion does not tolerate dissent over doctrines and practices; members who openly disagree with the religion's teachings are expelled and shunned. Witness publications strongly discourage followers from questioning doctrine and counsel receiv... | Why should the counsel received from the Governing Body be trusted? | {
"answer_start": [
386
],
"text": [
"part of \"God's organization\""
]
} |
573259a4e99e3014001e66f0 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Doctrines of Jehovah's Witnesses are established by the Governing Body. The religion does not tolerate dissent over doctrines and practices; members who openly disagree with the religion's teachings are expelled and shunned. Witness publications strongly discourage followers from questioning doctrine and counsel receiv... | Who do Jehovah's Witnesses believe introduced independent thinking? | {
"answer_start": [
513
],
"text": [
"Satan the Devil"
]
} |
57325b9fe99e3014001e670a | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Former members Heather and Gary Botting compare the cultural paradigms of the religion to George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-four, and Alan Rogerson describes the religion's leadership as totalitarian. Other critics charge that by disparaging individual decision-making, the religion's leaders cultivate a system of unquest... | What do former Jehovah's Witnesses members Heath and Gary Botting compare the culture of the religion to? | {
"answer_start": [
97
],
"text": [
"Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-four"
]
} |
57325b9fe99e3014001e670b | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Former members Heather and Gary Botting compare the cultural paradigms of the religion to George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-four, and Alan Rogerson describes the religion's leadership as totalitarian. Other critics charge that by disparaging individual decision-making, the religion's leaders cultivate a system of unquest... | Who describes the Jehovah's Witnesses' leadership as being totalitarian? | {
"answer_start": [
132
],
"text": [
"Alan Rogerson"
]
} |
57325b9fe99e3014001e670c | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Former members Heather and Gary Botting compare the cultural paradigms of the religion to George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-four, and Alan Rogerson describes the religion's leadership as totalitarian. Other critics charge that by disparaging individual decision-making, the religion's leaders cultivate a system of unquest... | How do the leaders of the Jehovah's Witnesses cultivate a system of unquestioning obedience? | {
"answer_start": [
228
],
"text": [
"disparaging individual decision-making"
]
} |
57325b9fe99e3014001e670d | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Former members Heather and Gary Botting compare the cultural paradigms of the religion to George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-four, and Alan Rogerson describes the religion's leadership as totalitarian. Other critics charge that by disparaging individual decision-making, the religion's leaders cultivate a system of unquest... | What do critics of the Jehovah's Witnesses accuse the religion's leaders of exercising over members? | {
"answer_start": [
479
],
"text": [
"\"intellectual dominance\""
]
} |
57325b9fe99e3014001e670e | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Former members Heather and Gary Botting compare the cultural paradigms of the religion to George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-four, and Alan Rogerson describes the religion's leadership as totalitarian. Other critics charge that by disparaging individual decision-making, the religion's leaders cultivate a system of unquest... | What did former Governing Body member Raymond Franz argue the methods employed by the religion were all elements of? | {
"answer_start": [
654
],
"text": [
"mind control"
]
} |
57325c2fe99e3014001e6714 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Sociologist Rodney Stark states that Jehovah's Witness leaders are "not always very democratic" and that members "are expected to conform to rather strict standards," but adds that "enforcement tends to be very informal, sustained by the close bonds of friendship within the group", and that Jehovah's Witnesses see them... | What profession did Rodney Stark grow up to become? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Sociologist"
]
} |
57325c2fe99e3014001e6715 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Sociologist Rodney Stark states that Jehovah's Witness leaders are "not always very democratic" and that members "are expected to conform to rather strict standards," but adds that "enforcement tends to be very informal, sustained by the close bonds of friendship within the group", and that Jehovah's Witnesses see them... | What statement does Stark make about the leaders of the Jehovah's Witnesses? | {
"answer_start": [
67
],
"text": [
"\"not always very democratic\""
]
} |
57325c2fe99e3014001e6716 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Sociologist Rodney Stark states that Jehovah's Witness leaders are "not always very democratic" and that members "are expected to conform to rather strict standards," but adds that "enforcement tends to be very informal, sustained by the close bonds of friendship within the group", and that Jehovah's Witnesses see them... | How do Jehovah's Witnesses see themselves in regards to the power structure of the church? | {
"answer_start": [
330
],
"text": [
"\"part of the power structure rather than subject to it.\""
]
} |
57325c2fe99e3014001e6717 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Sociologist Rodney Stark states that Jehovah's Witness leaders are "not always very democratic" and that members "are expected to conform to rather strict standards," but adds that "enforcement tends to be very informal, sustained by the close bonds of friendship within the group", and that Jehovah's Witnesses see them... | Another Sociologist, Andrew Holden, feels anyone who joins a movement such as the Jehovah's Witnesses has made a what? | {
"answer_start": [
510
],
"text": [
"informed choice"
]
} |
57325c2fe99e3014001e6718 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Sociologist Rodney Stark states that Jehovah's Witness leaders are "not always very democratic" and that members "are expected to conform to rather strict standards," but adds that "enforcement tends to be very informal, sustained by the close bonds of friendship within the group", and that Jehovah's Witnesses see them... | Holden acknowledges that defectors are seldom allowed a what from the church? | {
"answer_start": [
588
],
"text": [
"dignified exit"
]
} |
57325e6d0fdd8d15006c6a41 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | On the other hand, in his study on nine of "the Bibles most widely in use in the English-speaking world", Bible scholar Jason BeDuhn, Professor of Religious Studies at the Northern Arizona University, wrote: “The NW [New World Translation] emerges as the most accurate of the translations compared.” Although the general... | What is the New World Translation the most accurate translation of? | {
"answer_start": [
44
],
"text": [
"the Bibles most widely in use in the English-speaking world"
]
} |
57325e6d0fdd8d15006c6a42 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | On the other hand, in his study on nine of "the Bibles most widely in use in the English-speaking world", Bible scholar Jason BeDuhn, Professor of Religious Studies at the Northern Arizona University, wrote: “The NW [New World Translation] emerges as the most accurate of the translations compared.” Although the general... | What do many Bible scholars assume the differences in the New World Translation are the result of? | {
"answer_start": [
427
],
"text": [
"religious bias"
]
} |
57325e6d0fdd8d15006c6a43 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | On the other hand, in his study on nine of "the Bibles most widely in use in the English-speaking world", Bible scholar Jason BeDuhn, Professor of Religious Studies at the Northern Arizona University, wrote: “The NW [New World Translation] emerges as the most accurate of the translations compared.” Although the general... | BeDuhn clarifies that the differences are actually due to what? | {
"answer_start": [
529
],
"text": [
"greater accuracy"
]
} |
57325e6d0fdd8d15006c6a44 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | On the other hand, in his study on nine of "the Bibles most widely in use in the English-speaking world", Bible scholar Jason BeDuhn, Professor of Religious Studies at the Northern Arizona University, wrote: “The NW [New World Translation] emerges as the most accurate of the translations compared.” Although the general... | The NW often errs on the side of what type of translation? | {
"answer_start": [
561
],
"text": [
"literal, conservative"
]
} |
57325e6d0fdd8d15006c6a45 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | On the other hand, in his study on nine of "the Bibles most widely in use in the English-speaking world", Bible scholar Jason BeDuhn, Professor of Religious Studies at the Northern Arizona University, wrote: “The NW [New World Translation] emerges as the most accurate of the translations compared.” Although the general... | What insertion into the New Testament violates accuracy in favor of denominationally preferred expressions? | {
"answer_start": [
702
],
"text": [
"Jehovah"
]
} |
57326236e17f3d140042291f | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Watch Tower Society publications have claimed that God has used Jehovah's Witnesses (and formerly, the International Bible Students) to declare his will and has provided advance knowledge about Armageddon and the establishment of God's kingdom. Some publications also claimed that God has used Jehovah's Witnesses and th... | Who do Watch Tower Society publications claim God has used? | {
"answer_start": [
64
],
"text": [
"Jehovah's Witnesses"
]
} |
57326236e17f3d1400422922 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Watch Tower Society publications have claimed that God has used Jehovah's Witnesses (and formerly, the International Bible Students) to declare his will and has provided advance knowledge about Armageddon and the establishment of God's kingdom. Some publications also claimed that God has used Jehovah's Witnesses and th... | What have various Jehovah's Witnesses' publications made predictions about? | {
"answer_start": [
454
],
"text": [
"world events"
]
} |
57326236e17f3d1400422920 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Watch Tower Society publications have claimed that God has used Jehovah's Witnesses (and formerly, the International Bible Students) to declare his will and has provided advance knowledge about Armageddon and the establishment of God's kingdom. Some publications also claimed that God has used Jehovah's Witnesses and th... | What does God use Jehovah's Witnesses for? | {
"answer_start": [
133
],
"text": [
"to declare his will"
]
} |
57326236e17f3d1400422921 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Watch Tower Society publications have claimed that God has used Jehovah's Witnesses (and formerly, the International Bible Students) to declare his will and has provided advance knowledge about Armageddon and the establishment of God's kingdom. Some publications also claimed that God has used Jehovah's Witnesses and th... | What has God provided to Jehovah's Witnesses? | {
"answer_start": [
170
],
"text": [
"advance knowledge about Armageddon"
]
} |
57326236e17f3d1400422923 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Watch Tower Society publications have claimed that God has used Jehovah's Witnesses (and formerly, the International Bible Students) to declare his will and has provided advance knowledge about Armageddon and the establishment of God's kingdom. Some publications also claimed that God has used Jehovah's Witnesses and th... | What had some of the failed predictions of Jehovah's Witnesses been presented as? | {
"answer_start": [
636
],
"text": [
"\"beyond doubt\""
]
} |
57326324e17f3d1400422934 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | The Watch Tower Society rejects accusations that it is a false prophet, stating that its teachings are not inspired or infallible, and that it has not claimed its predictions were "the words of Jehovah." George D. Chryssides has suggested that with the exception of statements about 1914, 1925 and 1975, the changing vie... | What does George D. Chryssides suggest the changing views and dates of the Jehovah's Witnesses can be attributed to changed understandings of? | {
"answer_start": [
414
],
"text": [
"biblical chronology"
]
} |
57326324e17f3d1400422933 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | The Watch Tower Society rejects accusations that it is a false prophet, stating that its teachings are not inspired or infallible, and that it has not claimed its predictions were "the words of Jehovah." George D. Chryssides has suggested that with the exception of statements about 1914, 1925 and 1975, the changing vie... | What accusations does the Watch Tower Society reject? | {
"answer_start": [
44
],
"text": [
"that it is a false prophet"
]
} |
57326324e17f3d1400422937 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | The Watch Tower Society rejects accusations that it is a false prophet, stating that its teachings are not inspired or infallible, and that it has not claimed its predictions were "the words of Jehovah." George D. Chryssides has suggested that with the exception of statements about 1914, 1925 and 1975, the changing vie... | What have Jehovah's Witnesses maintained we are living on the precipice of since their formation? | {
"answer_start": [
840
],
"text": [
"the end of time"
]
} |
57326324e17f3d1400422936 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | The Watch Tower Society rejects accusations that it is a false prophet, stating that its teachings are not inspired or infallible, and that it has not claimed its predictions were "the words of Jehovah." George D. Chryssides has suggested that with the exception of statements about 1914, 1925 and 1975, the changing vie... | How long ago was the foundation of the Jehovah's Witnesses movement? | {
"answer_start": [
752
],
"text": [
"around 140 years ago"
]
} |
57326324e17f3d1400422935 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | The Watch Tower Society rejects accusations that it is a false prophet, stating that its teachings are not inspired or infallible, and that it has not claimed its predictions were "the words of Jehovah." George D. Chryssides has suggested that with the exception of statements about 1914, 1925 and 1975, the changing vie... | What profession does Andrew Holden smugly self-identify as? | {
"answer_start": [
677
],
"text": [
"sociologist"
]
} |
57326423e99e3014001e6762 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Jehovah's Witnesses have been accused of having policies and culture that help to conceal cases of sexual abuse within the organization. The religion has been criticized for its "two witness rule" for church discipline, based on its application of scriptures at Deuteronomy 19:15 and Matthew 18:15-17, which requires sex... | What are Jehovah's Witnesses accused of concealing within their organization? | {
"answer_start": [
99
],
"text": [
"sexual abuse"
]
} |
57326423e99e3014001e6763 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Jehovah's Witnesses have been accused of having policies and culture that help to conceal cases of sexual abuse within the organization. The religion has been criticized for its "two witness rule" for church discipline, based on its application of scriptures at Deuteronomy 19:15 and Matthew 18:15-17, which requires sex... | Whose hands should elders leave allegations of sexual abuse in when the accused person denies wrongdoing? | {
"answer_start": [
541
],
"text": [
"Jehovah's"
]
} |
57326423e99e3014001e6764 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Jehovah's Witnesses have been accused of having policies and culture that help to conceal cases of sexual abuse within the organization. The religion has been criticized for its "two witness rule" for church discipline, based on its application of scriptures at Deuteronomy 19:15 and Matthew 18:15-17, which requires sex... | Who does Barbara Anderson feel the church's policy regarding sexual abuse protects? | {
"answer_start": [
787
],
"text": [
"pedophiles"
]
} |
57326423e99e3014001e6765 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Jehovah's Witnesses have been accused of having policies and culture that help to conceal cases of sexual abuse within the organization. The religion has been criticized for its "two witness rule" for church discipline, based on its application of scriptures at Deuteronomy 19:15 and Matthew 18:15-17, which requires sex... | What do Jehovah's Witnesses maintain they want to protect? | {
"answer_start": [
822
],
"text": [
"children"
]
} |
57326423e99e3014001e6766 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Jehovah's Witnesses have been accused of having policies and culture that help to conceal cases of sexual abuse within the organization. The religion has been criticized for its "two witness rule" for church discipline, based on its application of scriptures at Deuteronomy 19:15 and Matthew 18:15-17, which requires sex... | Jehovah's Witnesses do not sponsor activities when the result is the separation of whom? | {
"answer_start": [
1050
],
"text": [
"children from parents"
]
} |
57326693b9d445190005eae5 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | The religion's failure to report abuse allegations to authorities has also been criticized. The Watch Tower Society's policy is that elders inform authorities when required by law to do so, but otherwise leave that action up to the victim and his or her family. The Australian Royal Commission into Institutional Respons... | What has the Jehovah's Witnesses failure to report to authorities been criticized? | {
"answer_start": [
33
],
"text": [
"abuse allegations"
]
} |
57326693b9d445190005eae6 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | The religion's failure to report abuse allegations to authorities has also been criticized. The Watch Tower Society's policy is that elders inform authorities when required by law to do so, but otherwise leave that action up to the victim and his or her family. The Australian Royal Commission into Institutional Respons... | Of the 1006 alleged perpetrators of child sexual abuse identified by Jehovah's Witnesses within their organization since 1950, how many were reported to secular authorities? | {
"answer_start": [
484
],
"text": [
"not one"
]
} |
57326693b9d445190005eae7 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | The religion's failure to report abuse allegations to authorities has also been criticized. The Watch Tower Society's policy is that elders inform authorities when required by law to do so, but otherwise leave that action up to the victim and his or her family. The Australian Royal Commission into Institutional Respons... | Why are the Jehovah's Witnesses reluctant to alert authorities to abuse? | {
"answer_start": [
881
],
"text": [
"to protect its \"crime-free\" reputation"
]
} |
57326693b9d445190005eae8 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | The religion's failure to report abuse allegations to authorities has also been criticized. The Watch Tower Society's policy is that elders inform authorities when required by law to do so, but otherwise leave that action up to the victim and his or her family. The Australian Royal Commission into Institutional Respons... | What have courts in both the UK and the US found the Watch Tower Society to have been for failing to protect children from sexual predators within the congregation? | {
"answer_start": [
1032
],
"text": [
"negligent"
]
} |
57326693b9d445190005eae9 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | The religion's failure to report abuse allegations to authorities has also been criticized. The Watch Tower Society's policy is that elders inform authorities when required by law to do so, but otherwise leave that action up to the victim and his or her family. The Australian Royal Commission into Institutional Respons... | How much has the Society reportedly paid to settle lawsuits without admitting any wrongdoing? | {
"answer_start": [
1213
],
"text": [
"as much as $780,000 to one plaintiff"
]
} |
573241140fdd8d15006c688d | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (/ˈaɪzənˌhaʊ.ər/ EYE-zən-HOW-ər; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was an American politician and general who served as the 34th President of the United States from 1953 until 1961. He was a five-star general in the United States Army during World War II and served as Supreme Commander of... | What was Eisenhower's nickname? | {
"answer_start": [
14
],
"text": [
"Ike"
]
} |
573241140fdd8d15006c688e | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (/ˈaɪzənˌhaʊ.ər/ EYE-zən-HOW-ər; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was an American politician and general who served as the 34th President of the United States from 1953 until 1961. He was a five-star general in the United States Army during World War II and served as Supreme Commander of... | What was the middle name of Dwight Eisenhower? | {
"answer_start": [
7
],
"text": [
"David"
]
} |
573241140fdd8d15006c688f | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (/ˈaɪzənˌhaʊ.ər/ EYE-zən-HOW-ər; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was an American politician and general who served as the 34th President of the United States from 1953 until 1961. He was a five-star general in the United States Army during World War II and served as Supreme Commander of... | In what year did Eisenhower's presidency begin? | {
"answer_start": [
196
],
"text": [
"1953"
]
} |
573241140fdd8d15006c6890 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (/ˈaɪzənˌhaʊ.ər/ EYE-zən-HOW-ər; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was an American politician and general who served as the 34th President of the United States from 1953 until 1961. He was a five-star general in the United States Army during World War II and served as Supreme Commander of... | During the Second World War, what was the highest position (not rank) Eisenhower achieved? | {
"answer_start": [
300
],
"text": [
"Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in Europe"
]
} |
573241140fdd8d15006c6891 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (/ˈaɪzənˌhaʊ.ər/ EYE-zən-HOW-ər; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was an American politician and general who served as the 34th President of the United States from 1953 until 1961. He was a five-star general in the United States Army during World War II and served as Supreme Commander of... | What was the name of the North African invasion Eisenhower oversaw? | {
"answer_start": [
430
],
"text": [
"Operation Torch"
]
} |
57324172b9d445190005e927 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower's main goals in office were to keep pressure on the Soviet Union and reduce federal deficits. In the first year of his presidency, he threatened the use of nuclear weapons in an effort to conclude the Korean War; his New Look policy of nuclear deterrence prioritized inexpensive nuclear weapons while reducing... | Along with reducing the federal deficit, what was Eisenhower's main policy priority as president? | {
"answer_start": [
42
],
"text": [
"keep pressure on the Soviet Union"
]
} |
57324172b9d445190005e928 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower's main goals in office were to keep pressure on the Soviet Union and reduce federal deficits. In the first year of his presidency, he threatened the use of nuclear weapons in an effort to conclude the Korean War; his New Look policy of nuclear deterrence prioritized inexpensive nuclear weapons while reducing... | What did Eisenhower threaten to use to end the Korean War? | {
"answer_start": [
167
],
"text": [
"nuclear weapons"
]
} |
57324172b9d445190005e929 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower's main goals in office were to keep pressure on the Soviet Union and reduce federal deficits. In the first year of his presidency, he threatened the use of nuclear weapons in an effort to conclude the Korean War; his New Look policy of nuclear deterrence prioritized inexpensive nuclear weapons while reducing... | Along with Guatemala, what country's government did Eisenhower order overthrown? | {
"answer_start": [
383
],
"text": [
"Iran"
]
} |
57324172b9d445190005e92a | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower's main goals in office were to keep pressure on the Soviet Union and reduce federal deficits. In the first year of his presidency, he threatened the use of nuclear weapons in an effort to conclude the Korean War; his New Look policy of nuclear deterrence prioritized inexpensive nuclear weapons while reducing... | What country did Eisenhower neglect to assist in their military action in Vietnam? | {
"answer_start": [
448
],
"text": [
"France"
]
} |
57324172b9d445190005e92b | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower's main goals in office were to keep pressure on the Soviet Union and reduce federal deficits. In the first year of his presidency, he threatened the use of nuclear weapons in an effort to conclude the Korean War; his New Look policy of nuclear deterrence prioritized inexpensive nuclear weapons while reducing... | In what year was the Formosa Resolution passed? | {
"answer_start": [
570
],
"text": [
"1955"
]
} |
573241c2b9d445190005e933 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | After the Soviet Union launched the world's first artificial satellite in 1957, Eisenhower authorized the establishment of NASA, which led to the space race. During the Suez Crisis of 1956, Eisenhower condemned the Israeli, British and French invasion of Egypt, and forced them to withdraw. He also condemned the Soviet ... | Along with Israel, what countries' armies invaded Egypt in 1956? | {
"answer_start": [
224
],
"text": [
"British and French"
]
} |
573241c2b9d445190005e931 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | After the Soviet Union launched the world's first artificial satellite in 1957, Eisenhower authorized the establishment of NASA, which led to the space race. During the Suez Crisis of 1956, Eisenhower condemned the Israeli, British and French invasion of Egypt, and forced them to withdraw. He also condemned the Soviet ... | In what year did the Soviets launch humanity's first artificial satellite? | {
"answer_start": [
74
],
"text": [
"1957"
]
} |
573241c2b9d445190005e932 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | After the Soviet Union launched the world's first artificial satellite in 1957, Eisenhower authorized the establishment of NASA, which led to the space race. During the Suez Crisis of 1956, Eisenhower condemned the Israeli, British and French invasion of Egypt, and forced them to withdraw. He also condemned the Soviet ... | What organization did Eisenhower support after the Soviets launched the first artificial satellite? | {
"answer_start": [
123
],
"text": [
"NASA"
]
} |
573241c2b9d445190005e935 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | After the Soviet Union launched the world's first artificial satellite in 1957, Eisenhower authorized the establishment of NASA, which led to the space race. During the Suez Crisis of 1956, Eisenhower condemned the Israeli, British and French invasion of Egypt, and forced them to withdraw. He also condemned the Soviet ... | On what date did Eisenhower deliver his presidential farewell address? | {
"answer_start": [
656
],
"text": [
"January 17, 1961"
]
} |
573241c2b9d445190005e934 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | After the Soviet Union launched the world's first artificial satellite in 1957, Eisenhower authorized the establishment of NASA, which led to the space race. During the Suez Crisis of 1956, Eisenhower condemned the Israeli, British and French invasion of Egypt, and forced them to withdraw. He also condemned the Soviet ... | Where did Eisenhower send 15,000 military personnel in 1958? | {
"answer_start": [
436
],
"text": [
"Lebanon"
]
} |
573242c2e99e3014001e65e2 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | On the domestic front, he covertly opposed Joseph McCarthy and contributed to the end of McCarthyism by openly invoking the modern expanded version of executive privilege. He otherwise left most political activity to his Vice President, Richard Nixon. He was a moderate conservative who continued New Deal agencies and e... | Why political movement was named for Joseph McCarthy? | {
"answer_start": [
89
],
"text": [
"McCarthyism"
]
} |
573242c2e99e3014001e65e3 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | On the domestic front, he covertly opposed Joseph McCarthy and contributed to the end of McCarthyism by openly invoking the modern expanded version of executive privilege. He otherwise left most political activity to his Vice President, Richard Nixon. He was a moderate conservative who continued New Deal agencies and e... | What political theory did Eisenhower use to oppose McCarthy? | {
"answer_start": [
151
],
"text": [
"executive privilege"
]
} |
573242c2e99e3014001e65e4 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | On the domestic front, he covertly opposed Joseph McCarthy and contributed to the end of McCarthyism by openly invoking the modern expanded version of executive privilege. He otherwise left most political activity to his Vice President, Richard Nixon. He was a moderate conservative who continued New Deal agencies and e... | Who served as Eisenhower's vice president? | {
"answer_start": [
245
],
"text": [
"Nixon"
]
} |
573242c2e99e3014001e65e5 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | On the domestic front, he covertly opposed Joseph McCarthy and contributed to the end of McCarthyism by openly invoking the modern expanded version of executive privilege. He otherwise left most political activity to his Vice President, Richard Nixon. He was a moderate conservative who continued New Deal agencies and e... | What sort of conservative was Eisenhower? | {
"answer_start": [
261
],
"text": [
"moderate"
]
} |
573242c2e99e3014001e65e6 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | On the domestic front, he covertly opposed Joseph McCarthy and contributed to the end of McCarthyism by openly invoking the modern expanded version of executive privilege. He otherwise left most political activity to his Vice President, Richard Nixon. He was a moderate conservative who continued New Deal agencies and e... | What does DARPA stand for? | {
"answer_start": [
397
],
"text": [
"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"
]
} |
57324359b9d445190005e945 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | His parents set aside specific times at breakfast and at dinner for daily family Bible reading. Chores were regularly assigned and rotated among all the children, and misbehavior was met with unequivocal discipline, usually from David. His mother, previously a member (with David) of the River Brethren sect of the Menno... | What book did Eisenhower's parents read every day? | {
"answer_start": [
81
],
"text": [
"Bible"
]
} |
57324359b9d445190005e946 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | His parents set aside specific times at breakfast and at dinner for daily family Bible reading. Chores were regularly assigned and rotated among all the children, and misbehavior was met with unequivocal discipline, usually from David. His mother, previously a member (with David) of the River Brethren sect of the Menno... | What Mennonite sect did Eisenhower's mother initially belong to? | {
"answer_start": [
288
],
"text": [
"River Brethren"
]
} |
57324359b9d445190005e947 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | His parents set aside specific times at breakfast and at dinner for daily family Bible reading. Chores were regularly assigned and rotated among all the children, and misbehavior was met with unequivocal discipline, usually from David. His mother, previously a member (with David) of the River Brethren sect of the Menno... | What is another name for the International Bible Students Association? | {
"answer_start": [
395
],
"text": [
"Jehovah's Witnesses"
]
} |
57324359b9d445190005e948 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | His parents set aside specific times at breakfast and at dinner for daily family Bible reading. Chores were regularly assigned and rotated among all the children, and misbehavior was met with unequivocal discipline, usually from David. His mother, previously a member (with David) of the River Brethren sect of the Menno... | What university did Eisenhower attend? | {
"answer_start": [
582
],
"text": [
"West Point"
]
} |
57324359b9d445190005e949 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | His parents set aside specific times at breakfast and at dinner for daily family Bible reading. Chores were regularly assigned and rotated among all the children, and misbehavior was met with unequivocal discipline, usually from David. His mother, previously a member (with David) of the River Brethren sect of the Menno... | What church did Eisenhower join in 1953? | {
"answer_start": [
863
],
"text": [
"Presbyterian"
]
} |
573243d0e99e3014001e65ec | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower attended Abilene High School and graduated with the class of 1909. As a freshman, he injured his knee and developed a leg infection that extended into his groin, and which his doctor diagnosed as life-threatening. The doctor insisted that the leg be amputated but Dwight refused to allow it, and miraculously ... | In what year did Eisenhower graduate from high school? | {
"answer_start": [
72
],
"text": [
"1909"
]
} |
573243d0e99e3014001e65ed | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower attended Abilene High School and graduated with the class of 1909. As a freshman, he injured his knee and developed a leg infection that extended into his groin, and which his doctor diagnosed as life-threatening. The doctor insisted that the leg be amputated but Dwight refused to allow it, and miraculously ... | What high school did Eisenhower go to? | {
"answer_start": [
20
],
"text": [
"Abilene"
]
} |
573243d0e99e3014001e65ee | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower attended Abilene High School and graduated with the class of 1909. As a freshman, he injured his knee and developed a leg infection that extended into his groin, and which his doctor diagnosed as life-threatening. The doctor insisted that the leg be amputated but Dwight refused to allow it, and miraculously ... | What was the name of Eisenhower's brother? | {
"answer_start": [
389
],
"text": [
"Edgar"
]
} |
573243d0e99e3014001e65ef | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower attended Abilene High School and graduated with the class of 1909. As a freshman, he injured his knee and developed a leg infection that extended into his groin, and which his doctor diagnosed as life-threatening. The doctor insisted that the leg be amputated but Dwight refused to allow it, and miraculously ... | In what year of high school did Eisenhower suffer a groin infection? | {
"answer_start": [
83
],
"text": [
"freshman"
]
} |
573243d0e99e3014001e65f0 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower attended Abilene High School and graduated with the class of 1909. As a freshman, he injured his knee and developed a leg infection that extended into his groin, and which his doctor diagnosed as life-threatening. The doctor insisted that the leg be amputated but Dwight refused to allow it, and miraculously ... | What high school year did Eisenhower have to repeat? | {
"answer_start": [
359
],
"text": [
"freshman"
]
} |
5732442ab9d445190005e954 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Edgar took the first turn at school, and Dwight was employed as a night supervisor at the Belle Springs Creamery. Edgar asked for a second year, Dwight consented and worked for a second year. At that time, a friend "Swede" Hazlet was applying to the Naval Academy and urged Dwight to apply to the school, since no tuitio... | What was Eisenhower's job title during the first year his brother went to college? | {
"answer_start": [
66
],
"text": [
"night supervisor"
]
} |
5732442ab9d445190005e953 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Edgar took the first turn at school, and Dwight was employed as a night supervisor at the Belle Springs Creamery. Edgar asked for a second year, Dwight consented and worked for a second year. At that time, a friend "Swede" Hazlet was applying to the Naval Academy and urged Dwight to apply to the school, since no tuitio... | Where did Eisenhower work during his brother's first year of college? | {
"answer_start": [
90
],
"text": [
"Belle Springs Creamery"
]
} |
5732442ab9d445190005e955 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Edgar took the first turn at school, and Dwight was employed as a night supervisor at the Belle Springs Creamery. Edgar asked for a second year, Dwight consented and worked for a second year. At that time, a friend "Swede" Hazlet was applying to the Naval Academy and urged Dwight to apply to the school, since no tuitio... | Who was Eisenhower's senator? | {
"answer_start": [
429
],
"text": [
"Joseph L. Bristow"
]
} |
5732442ab9d445190005e956 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Edgar took the first turn at school, and Dwight was employed as a night supervisor at the Belle Springs Creamery. Edgar asked for a second year, Dwight consented and worked for a second year. At that time, a friend "Swede" Hazlet was applying to the Naval Academy and urged Dwight to apply to the school, since no tuitio... | Why couldn't Eisenhower attend Annapolis? | {
"answer_start": [
529
],
"text": [
"beyond the age limit"
]
} |
5732442ab9d445190005e957 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Edgar took the first turn at school, and Dwight was employed as a night supervisor at the Belle Springs Creamery. Edgar asked for a second year, Dwight consented and worked for a second year. At that time, a friend "Swede" Hazlet was applying to the Naval Academy and urged Dwight to apply to the school, since no tuitio... | In what year did Eisenhower matriculate to West Point? | {
"answer_start": [
622
],
"text": [
"1911"
]
} |
57324479e99e3014001e65f6 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | The Eisenhowers had two sons. Doud Dwight "Icky" Eisenhower was born September 24, 1917, and died of scarlet fever on January 2, 1921, at the age of three; Eisenhower was mostly reticent to discuss his death. Their second son, John Eisenhower (1922–2013), was born in Denver Colorado. John served in the United States Ar... | What was Doud Eisenhower's nickname? | {
"answer_start": [
43
],
"text": [
"Icky"
]
} |
57324479e99e3014001e65f7 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | The Eisenhowers had two sons. Doud Dwight "Icky" Eisenhower was born September 24, 1917, and died of scarlet fever on January 2, 1921, at the age of three; Eisenhower was mostly reticent to discuss his death. Their second son, John Eisenhower (1922–2013), was born in Denver Colorado. John served in the United States Ar... | What killed Icky Eisenhower? | {
"answer_start": [
101
],
"text": [
"scarlet fever"
]
} |
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