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gq: In September 2010, Beyoncé made her runway modelling debut at Tom Ford's Spring/Summer 2011 fashion show. She was named "World's Most Beautiful Woman" by People and the "Hottest Female Singer of All Time" by Complex in 2012. In January 2013, GQ placed her on its cover, featuring her atop its "100 Sexiest Women of t... | Question: What year did Beyoncé first model for Tom Ford? Question: in September 2010, what career area did Beyonce start exploring? Question: Beyonce's first modelling event was at where? Question: "World's Most Beautiful woman" was declared to Beyonce by which national magazine? Question: Who called Beyonce the World... |
gq: According to Italian fashion designer Roberto Cavalli, Beyoncé uses different fashion styles to work with her music while performing. Her mother co-wrote a book, published in 2002, titled Destiny's Style an account of how fashion had an impact on the trio's success. The B'Day Anthology Video Album showed many insta... | Question: Which parent of Beyonce's help co-write a book? Question: What was the title of Beyonce's mother's book? Question: When was she on the Sports Illustrated cover? Question: Which African-American woman before Beyonce had posed for SI Swimsuit issue? Question: Who was she the second African American on the cove... |
gq: The Bey Hive is the name given to Beyoncé's fan base. Fans were previously titled "The Beyontourage", (a portmanteau of Beyoncé and entourage). The name Bey Hive derives from the word beehive, purposely misspelled to resemble her first name, and was penned by fans after petitions on the online social networking ser... | Question: Beyonce has a fan base that is referred to as what? Question: What is Beyonce's fan base called? Question: What is the latest term used to describe Beyoncé fans? Question: Before the Bey Hive, fans of Beyonce were called what? Question: What did the fans used to be called? Question: What was the former word g... |
gq: In 2006, the animal rights organization People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), criticized Beyoncé for wearing and using fur in her clothing line House of Deréon. In 2011, she appeared on the cover of French fashion magazine L'Officiel, in blackface and tribal makeup that drew criticism from the media. ... | Question: Which year did PETA spark controversy with Beyonce? Question: What did PETA criticize Beyonce for in 2006? Question: Beyonce has a clothing line known as what? Question: What clothing line of Beyoncé drew PETA criticism? Question: What type of magazine is L'Officiel? Question: Which French magazine did Beyonc... |
gq: Beyoncé's lighter skin color and costuming has drawn criticism from some in the African-American community. Emmett Price, a professor of music at Northeastern University, wrote in 2007, that he thinks race plays a role in many of these criticisms, saying white celebrities who dress similarly do not attract as many ... | Question: In addition to her light skin color, what else has made part of the African American community criticize Beyoncé? Question: Which racial community gave criticism to Beyonce? Question: Which professor from Northeastern University wrote about how race correlates with these criticisms of Beyonce? Question: In 20... |
gq: In The New Yorker music critic Jody Rosen described Beyoncé as "the most important and compelling popular musician of the twenty-first century..... the result, the logical end point, of a century-plus of pop." When The Guardian named her Artist of the Decade, Llewyn-Smith wrote, "Why Beyoncé? [...] Because she made... | Question: Who stated that Beyoncé is the most important musician of the 21st century? Question: Artist of the Decade was bestowed upon Beyonce from which magazine? Question: Which publication named Beyoncé the Artist of the Decade? Question: What did the Guardian name her? Question: Whats the first year that Beyonce ap... |
gq: Beyoncé's work has influenced numerous artists including Adele, Ariana Grande, Lady Gaga, Bridgit Mendler, Rihanna, Kelly Rowland, Sam Smith, Meghan Trainor, Nicole Scherzinger, Rita Ora, Zendaya, Cheryl Cole, JoJo, Alexis Jordan, Jessica Sanchez, and Azealia Banks. American indie rock band White Rabbits also cited... | Question: What about Beyonce has influenced many entertainers? Question: Which rock band cited Beyonce on their third album? Question: Which band listed Beyonce as an inspiration on their latest album? Question: Which Indie band said Beyoncé was an inspiration for one of hteir albums? Question: What was the name of the... |
gq: Her debut single, "Crazy in Love" was named VH1's "Greatest Song of the 2000s", NME's "Best Track of the 00s" and "Pop Song of the Century", considered by Rolling Stone to be one of the 500 greatest songs of all time, earned two Grammy Awards and is one of the best-selling singles of all time at around 8 million co... | Question: VH1 declared what song the "Greatest song of the 2000s?" Question: Which of Beyonce's songs was called Greatest Song of the 2000s? Question: Which publication considers Crazy in Love to be one of the top 500 songs of all time? Question: How many Grammy awards did Crazy in Love get? Question: How many Grammy a... |
gq: Beyoncé has received numerous awards. As a solo artist she has sold over 15 million albums in the US, and over 118 million records worldwide (a further 60 million additionally with Destiny's Child), making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) li... | Question: Who was the first female to achieve the International Artist Award at the American Music Awards? Question: How many records has Beyoncé sold in the United States? Question: How many copies of her albums as Beyonce sold in the US? Question: How many albums has Beyonce as a solo artist sold in the U.S? Question... |
gq: Beyoncé has won 20 Grammy Awards, both as a solo artist and member of Destiny's Child, making her the second most honored female artist by the Grammys, behind Alison Krauss and the most nominated woman in Grammy Award history with 52 nominations. "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)" won Song of the Year in 2010 while... | Question: How many Grammys has Beyonce won total with and without Destiny's Child? Question: How many Grammies has Beyonce won? Question: How many Grammys has Beyoncé won? Question: Who is the only other woman with more Grammy awards than Beyonce? Question: Beyonce has been awarded how many Grammy nominations? Question... |
gq: Beyoncé has worked with Pepsi since 2002, and in 2004 appeared in a Gladiator-themed commercial with Britney Spears, Pink, and Enrique Iglesias. In 2012, Beyoncé signed a $50 million deal to endorse Pepsi. The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPINET) wrote Beyoncé an open letter asking her to reconsider ... | Question: Which soda company has Beyonce partnered with since 2002? Question: What soft drink company has Beyoncé worked with since 2002? Question: When did Beyonce begin doing Pepsi advetisments? Question: Who was in the commercial with Beyonce in 2004? Question: How much did Beyoncé get for a deal with a soft drink c... |
gq: Beyoncé has worked with Tommy Hilfiger for the fragrances True Star (singing a cover version of "Wishing on a Star") and True Star Gold; she also promoted Emporio Armani's Diamonds fragrance in 2007. Beyoncé launched her first official fragrance, Heat in 2010. The commercial, which featured the 1956 song "Fever", w... | Question: The world's best selling celebrity perfume line belongs to whom? Question: Beyonce worked with who on her perfumes, True Star and True Star Gold? Question: Which Emporio Armani fragrance did Beyoncé promote in 2007? Question: Beyonce's first fragrance had what name? Question: What was Beyonce's 2010 perfume ... |
gq: The release of a video-game Starpower: Beyoncé was cancelled after Beyoncé pulled out of a $100 million with GateFive who alleged the cancellation meant the sacking of 70 staff and millions of pounds lost in development. It was settled out of court by her lawyers in June 2013 who said that they had cancelled becaus... | Question: What was the name of the video game that was cancelled for Beyonce? Question: What was the name of the video game? Question: What video game did Beyoncé back out of? Question: What company was producing the video game? Question: How many people lost jobs when Beyonce left the video game deal? Question: How ma... |
gq: In October 2014, it was announced that Beyoncé with her management company Parkwood Entertainment would be partnering with London-based fashion retailer Topshop, in a new 50/50 split subsidiary business named Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd. The new division was created for Topshop to break into the activewear market... | Question: What is the name of Beyoncé's management company? Question: Where is Topshop located? Question: Who did Bayonce's management go into business with in 2014? Question: Who did Beyonce partner with in London? Question: Who did Beyoncé and Parkwood Entertainment partner with in October 2014? Question: After their... |
gq: On March 30, 2015, it was announced that Beyoncé is a co-owner, with various other music artists, in the music streaming service Tidal. The service specialises in lossless audio and high definition music videos. Beyoncé's husband Jay Z acquired the parent company of Tidal, Aspiro, in the first quarter of 2015. Incl... | Question: When was it discovered Beyonce was a co-owner of the music service, Tidal? Question: When was it announced that Beyonce was a co-owner in Tidal? Question: What kind of service is Tidal? Question: What music streaming system is Beyoncé part owner of? Question: The parent company of Tidal became under the owne... |
gq: Beyoncé and her mother introduced House of Deréon, a contemporary women's fashion line, in 2005. The concept is inspired by three generations of women in their family, the name paying tribute to Beyoncé's grandmother, Agnèz Deréon, a respected seamstress. According to Tina, the overall style of the line best reflec... | Question: House of Dereon became known through Beyonce and which of Beyonce's relatives? Question: Who partnered with Beyonce to start the clothing line, Dereon? Question: Who shares in the House of Deréon fashion line introduction with Beyoncé? Question: When did Beyonce and her mother start Dereon? Question: Who was ... |
gq: In 2005, Beyoncé teamed up with House of Brands, a shoe company, to produce a range of footwear for House of Deréon. In January 2008, Starwave Mobile launched Beyoncé Fashion Diva, a "high-style" mobile game with a social networking component, featuring the House of Deréon collection. In July 2009, Beyoncé and her ... | Question: What company did Beyoncé get together with in 2005 to add shoes to her fashions? Question: What type of accessory company did Beyonce partner with in 2005? Question: What was the name of the game put out by Starwave Mobile in 2008 that featured Beyoncé fashions? Question: What did Beyonce's Fashion Diva feat... |
gq: In October 2014, Beyoncé signed a deal to launch an activewear line of clothing with British fashion retailer Topshop. The 50-50 venture is called Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd and is scheduled to launch its first dance, fitness and sports ranges in autumn 2015. The line will launch in April 2016. | Question: What type of clothing does the British partnership with Beyoncé sell? Question: Beyonce, during October 2014, partnered with whom to produce an outdoor line of clothing? Question: What company did Beyoncé contract with to sell clothing in England? Question: What is Beyonce's percentage of ownership in the new... |
gq: After Hurricane Katrina in 2005, Beyoncé and Rowland founded the Survivor Foundation to provide transitional housing for victims in the Houston area, to which Beyoncé contributed an initial $250,000. The foundation has since expanded to work with other charities in the city, and also provided relief following Hurri... | Question: What national disaster caused Beyonce to create the Survivor Foundation? Question: What did Beyonce and Rowland found in 2005? Question: What foundation did Beyoncé start after Hurricane Katrina? Question: How much did Beyonce initially contribute to the foundation? Question: How much money did Beyoncé contri... |
gq: Beyoncé participated in George Clooney and Wyclef Jean's Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit for Earthquake Relief telethon and was named the official face of the limited edition CFDA "Fashion For Haiti" T-shirt, made by Theory which raised a total of $1 million. On March 5, 2010, Beyoncé and her mother Tina opene... | Question: Who did Beyonce participate with in the Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit? Question: Which two stars did Beyoncé help with their Haiti Earthquake organization? Question: What did she participate in with George Clooney? Question: How much did the T-shirt with Beyonce's image on it make? Question: What enter... |
gq: In December, Beyoncé along with a variety of other celebrities teamed up and produced a video campaign for "Demand A Plan", a bipartisan effort by a group of 950 US mayors and others designed to influence the federal government into rethinking its gun control laws, following the Sandy Hook Elementary School shootin... | Question: What is the name of the campaign that Beyoncé and others are involved in that deals with gun control? Question: Which national event caused Beyonce to produce "Demand a Plan?" Question: The Demand a Plan video campaign followed what tragic event? Question: What school shooting prompted the creation of Demand ... |
gq: Montana i/mɒnˈtænə/ is a state in the Western region of the United States. The state's name is derived from the Spanish word montaña (mountain). Montana has several nicknames, although none official, including "Big Sky Country" and "The Treasure State", and slogans that include "Land of the Shining Mountains" and m... | Question: Where does the state's name come from? Question: Where does the state's name come from? Question: What is the states rank in size? Question: What is its rank in popularion? Question: How many ranges are part of the Rocky Mountains? |
gq: Montana schoolchildren played a significant role in selecting several state symbols. The state tree, the ponderosa pine, was selected by Montana schoolchildren as the preferred state tree by an overwhelming majority in a referendum held in 1908. However, the legislature did not designate a state tree until 1949, wh... | Question: What year was the state tree selected? Question: When was the state tree actually assigned? Question: What year was the state animal selected? Question: What is the state animal of Montana? Question: What is the state fossil |
gq: The state song was not composed until 21 years after statehood, when a musical troupe led by Joseph E. Howard stopped in Butte in September 1910. A former member of the troupe who lived in Butte buttonholed Howard at an after-show party, asking him to compose a song about Montana and got another partygoer, the city... | Question: When was the state song composed? |
gq: Montana's motto, Oro y Plata, Spanish for "Gold and Silver", recognizing the significant role of mining, was first adopted in 1865, when Montana was still a territory. A state seal with a miner's pick and shovel above the motto, surrounded by the mountains and the Great Falls of the Missouri River, was adopted duri... | Question: What is Montana's motto? Question: What does Montana's motto mean? Question: When was the motto adopted? Question: WHen was the state flower adopted? Question: What is the state flower for Montana? |
gq: The state also has five Micropolitan Statistical Areas centered on Bozeman, Butte, Helena, Kalispell and Havre. These communities, excluding Havre, are colloquially known as the "big 7" Montana cities, as they are consistently the seven largest communities in Montana, with a significant population difference when t... | Question: How much of the states population does the "Big 7" have? |
gq: Montana has 56 counties with the United States Census Bureau stating Montana's contains 364 "places", broken down into 129 incorporated places and 235 census-designated places. Incorporated places consist of 52 cities, 75 towns, and two consolidated city-counties. Montana has one city, Billings, with a population o... | Question: How many counties does Montana have? Question: What city in Montana has over 100,000 people? Question: What two cities have a population over 50,000? |
gq: The name Montana comes from the Spanish word Montaña, meaning "mountain", or more broadly, "mountainous country". Montaña del Norte was the name given by early Spanish explorers to the entire mountainous region of the west. The name Montana was added to a bill by the United States House Committee on Territories, wh... | Question: Where does the state's name mean? Question: What did the Spanish call this region? |
gq: With a total area of 147,040 square miles (380,800 km2), Montana is slightly larger than Japan. It is the fourth largest state in the United States after Alaska, Texas, and California; the largest landlocked U.S. state; and the 56th largest national state/province subdivision in the world. To the north, Montana sha... | Question: What is the total area of Montana? Question: What state does Montana border to the south? Question: What state does it border to the west? |
gq: The topography of the state is roughly defined by the Continental Divide, which splits much of the state into distinct eastern and western regions. Most of Montana's 100 or more named mountain ranges are concentrated in the western half of the state, most of which is geologically and geographically part of the Nort... | Question: Where are most of the states mountain ranges? Question: How much of the state is prarie? |
gq: The northern section of the Divide, where the mountains give way rapidly to prairie, is part of the Rocky Mountain Front. The front is most pronounced in the Lewis Range, located primarily in Glacier National Park. Due to the configuration of mountain ranges in Glacier National Park, the Northern Divide (which begi... | Question: Which direction do the rivers flow near the Triple Divide Peak? Question: Where does the Saskatchewan River empty into? |
gq: East of the divide, several roughly parallel ranges cover the southern part of the state, including the Gravelly Range, the Madison Range, Gallatin Range, Absaroka Mountains and the Beartooth Mountains. The Beartooth Plateau is the largest continuous land mass over 10,000 feet (3,000 m) high in the continental Unit... | Question: How high is the Beartooth Plateau? Question: What is thie highest point in the state? Question: How high is Granite Peak? |
gq: However, at the state level, the pattern of split ticket voting and divided government holds. Democrats currently hold one of the state's U.S. Senate seats, as well as four of the five statewide offices (Governor, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Secretary of State and State Auditor). The lone congressional di... | Question: How many seats do Democrats hold in the state US Senate's seats? Question: How long has the single congressional district been Republican? Question: What is the split in the state Senate controller by the Republicans? Question: What is the split in the State House of Representatives? |
gq: In presidential elections, Montana was long classified as a swing state, though the state has voted for the Republican candidate in all but two elections from 1952 to the present. The state last supported a Democrat for president in 1992, when Bill Clinton won a plurality victory. Overall, since 1889 the state has ... | Question: In elections, what is Montana considered? Question: What year was the last Democrat for president supported? Question: How often has Montana voted for a Democratic governor? Question: How often does Montana voted for a Democratic president? |
gq: Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport is the busiest airport in the state of Montana, surpassing Billings Logan International Airport in the spring of 2013. Montana's other major Airports include Billings Logan International Airport, Missoula International Airport, Great Falls International Airport, Glacier Par... | Question: What is the name of the busiest airport in Montana? Question: When did Bozeman Airport surpass Billings Logan as the largest busiest in Montana? |
gq: Railroads have been an important method of transportation in Montana since the 1880s. Historically, the state was traversed by the main lines of three east-west transcontinental routes: the Milwaukee Road, the Great Northern, and the Northern Pacific. Today, the BNSF Railway is the state's largest railroad, its mai... | Question: How long have railroads been important since in Montana Question: What is the states largest railway? |
gq: Montana is home to the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation and has a historic big game hunting tradition. There are fall bow and general hunting seasons for elk, pronghorn antelope, whitetail deer and mule deer. A random draw grants a limited number of permits for moose, mountain goats and bighorn sheep. There is a sprin... | Question: What is the name of the big game hunting foundation in Montana? Question: What season is black bear hunting allowed? Question: What two predators can be hunted in specific numbers? |
gq: Montana has been a destination for its world-class trout fisheries since the 1930s. Fly fishing for several species of native and introduced trout in rivers and lakes is popular for both residents and tourists throughout the state. Montana is the home of the Federation of Fly Fishers and hosts many of the organizat... | Question: Since when has Montana been a destination for trout fisheries? Question: What fishing organization has its home here? Question: What type of fisheries does the state have? Question: What Robert Redford movie was shot here in 1002? |
gq: The Montana Territory was formed on April 26, 1864, when the U.S. passed the Organic Act. Schools started forming in the area before it was officially a territory as families started settling into the area. The first schools were subscription schools that typically held in the teacher's home. The first formal schoo... | Question: When was the Montana Territory formed? Question: When was the first formal school on record? Question: How much were students charged per week? Question: When did the first public school in Virginia City formed? |
gq: Montana contains thousands of named rivers and creeks, 450 miles (720 km) of which are known for "blue-ribbon" trout fishing. Montana's water resources provide for recreation, hydropower, crop and forage irrigation, mining, and water for human consumption. Montana is one of few geographic areas in the world whose r... | Question: How many miles of rivers are known for high class trout? Question: What ocean do rivers flow into from Montana? Question: What Bay do rivers from Montana feed? Question: Where do the watersheds divide at? |
gq: East of the divide the Missouri River, which is formed by the confluence of the Jefferson, Madison and Gallatin rivers near Three Forks, flows due north through the west-central part of the state to Great Falls. From this point, it then flows generally east through fairly flat agricultural land and the Missouri Bre... | Question: What rivers form the Missouri River? Question: Near where do the rivers form up for the Missouri river merging? Question: Which direction does the water flow in this area? Question: Which year was the Fort Peck Reservoir designated a National Scenic River? |
gq: The Yellowstone River rises on the continental divide near Younts Peak in Wyoming's Teton Wilderness. It flows north through Yellowstone National Park, enters Montana near Gardiner, and passes through the Paradise Valley to Livingston. It then flows northeasterly across the state through Billings, Miles City, Glend... | Question: Which direction does the Yellowstone River flow through the national park? Question: Where does the Yellowstone meet the Missouri river? |
gq: There are at least 3,223 named lakes and reservoirs in Montana, including Flathead Lake, the largest natural freshwater lake in the western United States. Other major lakes include Whitefish Lake in the Flathead Valley and Lake McDonald and St. Mary Lake in Glacier National Park. The largest reservoir in the state ... | Question: How many named lakes are there in Montana? Question: What is the name of the largest freshwater lake in western United States? Question: What is the name of the largest reservoir in the state? Question: What river is the Fort Peck Reservoir on? |
gq: Vegetation of the state includes lodgepole pine, ponderosa pine; Douglas fir, larch, spruce; aspen, birch, red cedar, hemlock, ash, alder; rocky mountain maple and cottonwood trees. Forests cover approximately 25 percent of the state. Flowers native to Montana include asters, bitterroots, daisies, lupins, poppies, ... | Question: About how much area do forests cover the state? |
gq: Montana is home to a diverse array of fauna that includes 14 amphibian, 90 fish, 117 mammal, 20 reptile and 427 bird species. Additionally, there are over 10,000 invertebrate species, including 180 mollusks and 30 crustaceans. Montana has the largest grizzly bear population in the lower 48 states. Montana hosts fiv... | Question: How many different types of fish are diverse to Montana? Question: What type of bear does Montana have the highest population of? Question: How many endangered species are in Montana? Question: How many species of game fish have hunting seasons? |
gq: Average annual precipitation is 15 inches (380 mm), but great variations are seen. The mountain ranges block the moist Pacific air, holding moisture in the western valleys, and creating rain shadows to the east. Heron, in the west, receives the most precipitation, 34.70 inches (881 mm). On the eastern (leeward) sid... | Question: What is the annual precipitation? Question: How much precipitation does Heron recieve? Question: How much precipitation does the Grinnell Glacier recieve? |
gq: Montana's personal income tax contains 7 brackets, with rates ranging from 1 percent to 6.9 percent. Montana has no sales tax. In Montana, household goods are exempt from property taxes. However, property taxes are assessed on livestock, farm machinery, heavy equipment, automobiles, trucks, and business equipment. ... | Question: How many tax brackets does Montana have? Question: What is the highest tax bracket in Montana? Question: Does Montana have a sales tax? |
gq: Approximately 66,000 people of Native American heritage live in Montana. Stemming from multiple treaties and federal legislation, including the Indian Appropriations Act (1851), the Dawes Act (1887), and the Indian Reorganization Act (1934), seven Indian reservations, encompassing eleven tribal nations, were create... | Question: About how many Native Americans live in Montana? Question: When was the Indian Appropriations Act passed? Question: What year was the Dawes act passed? Question: Where are the Little Shell Chippewa headquartered? Question: About what percentage of the Native Americans in Montana live off the reservation? |
gq: While the largest European-American population in Montana overall is German, pockets of significant Scandinavian ancestry are prevalent in some of the farming-dominated northern and eastern prairie regions, parallel to nearby regions of North Dakota and Minnesota. Farmers of Irish, Scots, and English roots also set... | Question: What is the largest European-American race in Montana? Question: What was Helena originally founded as? |
gq: Montana has a larger Native American population numerically and percentage-wise than most U.S. states. Although the state ranked 45th in population (according to the 2010 U.S. Census), it ranked 19th in total native people population. Native people constituted 6.5 percent of the state's total population, the sixth ... | Question: What percentage of the population in Montana are Native peoples? Question: What three counties are Native Americans a majority? Question: Between what years did the Native population increase by 27.9% |
gq: The climate has become warmer in Montana and continues to do so. The glaciers in Glacier National Park have receded and are predicted to melt away completely in a few decades. Many Montana cities set heat records during July 2007, the hottest month ever recorded in Montana. Winters are warmer, too, and have fewer c... | Question: What month was the hottest ever recorded? Question: In what year did many cities in Montana set heat records? Question: What problem has substantially increased in its severity? |
gq: As white settlers began populating Montana from the 1850s through the 1870s, disputes with Native Americans ensued, primarily over land ownership and control. In 1855, Washington Territorial Governor Isaac Stevens negotiated the Hellgate treaty between the United States Government and the Salish, Pend d'Oreille, an... | Question: What year was the Hellgate treaty formed? Question: Who negotiated the Hellgate treaty? Question: What year was the treaty ratified? Question: What did the treaty establish? |
gq: The first U.S. Army post established in Montana was Camp Cooke on the Missouri River in 1866 to protect steamboat traffic going to Fort Benton, Montana. More than a dozen additional military outposts were established in the state. Pressure over land ownership and control increased due to discoveries of gold in vari... | Question: What was the name of the first US Army post? Question: Where was Camp Cooke situated? Question: What year was the Great Sioux War? Question: What year did the Battle of Bear Paw happen? |
gq: English is the official language in the state of Montana, as it is in many U.S. states. English is also the language of the majority. According to the 2000 U.S. Census, 94.8 percent of the population aged 5 and older speak English at home. Spanish is the language most commonly spoken at home other than English. The... | Question: What is the official language of Montana? Question: What percentage of the population in Montana speak English? Question: What is the second most common language spoken in Montana? Question: How about many Spanish speakers are there in the state? Question: ABout how many people in the state of Montana speak C... |
gq: According to the 2010 Census, 89.4 percent of the population was White (87.8 percent Non-Hispanic White), 6.3 percent American Indian and Alaska Native, 2.9 percent Hispanics and Latinos of any race, 0.6 percent Asian, 0.4 percent Black or African American, 0.1 percent Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, 0.... | Question: What percent of the state is White? Question: What percent of the state is Native American Indian? Question: Hispanics account for what percentage of Monatanas population? |
gq: The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Montana was 1,032,949 on July 1, 2015, a 4.40% increase since the 2010 United States Census. The 2010 census put Montana's population at 989,415 which is an increase of 43,534 people, or 4.40 percent, since 2010. During the first decade of the new cen... | Question: What was the population of the state in 2015? Question: How much did the population increase since 2010? Question: What county saw the largest growth? Question: What city saw the largest growth? |
gq: In 1940, Jeannette Rankin had once again been elected to Congress, and in 1941, as she did in 1917, she voted against the United States' declaration of war. This time she was the only vote against the war, and in the wake of public outcry over her vote, she required police protection for a time. Other pacifists ten... | Question: When did she vote a second time against war? Question: What year was Jeannette Rankin vote against war the first time? Question: What were conscientious objectors sent to Montana to do? |
gq: Simultaneously with these conflicts, bison, a keystone species and the primary protein source that Native people had survived on for centuries were being destroyed. Some estimates say there were over 13 million bison in Montana in 1870. In 1875, General Philip Sheridan pleaded to a joint session of Congress to auth... | Question: About how many bison were in Montana in 1870? Question: What year did General Sheridan approach Congress about killing bison? Question: Who pleaded to Congress for slaughtering bison? Question: In 1884 about how many bison remained? |
gq: Tracks of the Northern Pacific Railroad (NPR) reached Montana from the west in 1881 and from the east in 1882. However, the railroad played a major role in sparking tensions with Native American tribes in the 1870s. Jay Cooke, the NPR president launched major surveys into the Yellowstone valley in 1871, 1872 and 18... | Question: When did the Northern Pacific Railroad reach Montana from the west? Question: When did the Northern Pacific Railroad reach Montana from the east? Question: What years were the railroad challenged by Chief Sitting Bull? Question: What year was the Great White Sioux War? Question: When was the transcontinental ... |
gq: Under Territorial Governor Thomas Meagher, Montanans held a constitutional convention in 1866 in a failed bid for statehood. A second constitutional convention was held in Helena in 1884 that produced a constitution ratified 3:1 by Montana citizens in November 1884. For political reasons, Congress did not approve M... | Question: When was the first constitutional convention held in Montana? Question: Why was this constitutional convention held? Question: When was the second constitutional convention held? Question: What year was Montana's statehood approved? Question: What other three states were approved in the same year? |
gq: The Homestead Act of 1862 provided free land to settlers who could claim and "prove-up" 160 acres (0.65 km2) of federal land in the midwest and western United States. Montana did not see a large influx of immigrants from this act because 160 acres was usually insufficient to support a family in the arid territory. ... | Question: What year did the Homestead Act provide land to settlers? Question: How much land did the Homestead Act allow? Question: What year was the first homestead claim claimed? |
gq: The Desert Land Act of 1877 was passed to allow settlement of arid lands in the west and allotted 640 acres (2.6 km2) to settlers for a fee of $.25 per acre and a promise to irrigate the land. After three years, a fee of one dollar per acre would be paid and the land would be owned by the settler. This act brought ... | Question: When was the Desert Land Act passed? Question: How much land did the Desert Land Act allot? Question: How much was the charge per acre at first? |
gq: In the early 1900s, James J. Hill of the Great Northern began promoting settlement in the Montana prairie to fill his trains with settlers and goods. Other railroads followed suit. In 1902, the Reclamation Act was passed, allowing irrigation projects to be built in Montana's eastern river valleys. In 1909, Congress... | Question: Who promoted settlement in Montana in the early 1900s Question: In what year was the Reclamation Act passed? Question: What year was the Enlarged Homestead Act passed? Question: How much land was alloted in the new Enlarged Homestead Act? |
gq: In June 1917, the U.S. Congress passed the Espionage Act of 1917 which was later extended by the Sedition Act of 1918, enacted in May 1918. In February 1918, the Montana legislature had passed the Montana Sedition Act, which was a model for the federal version. In combination, these laws criminalized criticism of t... | Question: When did Congress pass the Espionage Act? Question: When was the Sedition Act passed? Question: What were these acts make do to laws? Question: How many people were arrested from the Montana Act? Question: How many of the 200 arrested in the Montana Act were convicted? |
gq: When the U.S. entered World War II on December 8, 1941, many Montanans already had enlisted in the military to escape the poor national economy of the previous decade. Another 40,000-plus Montanans entered the armed forces in the first year following the declaration of war, and over 57,000 joined up before the war ... | Question: How many Montanans entered the miltary in the first year of the war? Question: How many Montanans joined the military in the war total? Question: About how many Montanans died in the war? Question: Who trained at the military grounds in Montana? Question: Where were air bases built in Montana? |
gq: The phrase "in whole or in part" has been subject to much discussion by scholars of international humanitarian law. The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia found in Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstic – Trial Chamber I – Judgment – IT-98-33 (2001) ICTY8 (2 August 2001) that Genocide had been committ... | Question: Which phrase is especially contentious within international humanitarian law? Question: What 2001 case was declared genocide by the International Criminal Tribune for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY)? Question: In addressing the issue of "in part," the Appeals Chamber found that the part must be a substantial par... |
gq: In the same judgement the ECHR reviewed the judgements of several international and municipal courts judgements. It noted that International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Court of Justice had agreed with the narrow interpretation, that biological-physical destruction was necessar... | Question: In its preparations, what was the source of other considerations by the ECHR? Question: Two bodies of the United Nations agreed with what restricted provision in defining genocide? Question: Which country's courts were noted by the ECHR for taking a wider stance on provisions of genocide laws? Question: The E... |
gq: After the Holocaust, which had been perpetrated by the Nazi Germany and its allies prior to and during World War II, Lemkin successfully campaigned for the universal acceptance of international laws defining and forbidding genocides. In 1946, the first session of the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolu... | Question: In which war-era country was the Holocaust immortalized? Question: Following World War II, whose bid was successful in establishing the worldwide acceptance and the nascent legal definition of genocide? Question: Which group convened officially for the first time in 1946? Question: While recognizing genocide,... |
gq: The first draft of the Convention included political killings, but these provisions were removed in a political and diplomatic compromise following objections from some countries, including the USSR, a permanent security council member. The USSR argued that the Convention's definition should follow the etymology of... | Question: Which provision was initially included in the first write-up of the Convention and then removed? Question: What is one of the countries that objected to the inclusion of political killings in the early version of the Convention? Question: What atrocity motivated a self-serving USSR to object to the provision ... |
gq: In 2007 the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), noted in its judgement on Jorgic v. Germany case that in 1992 the majority of legal scholars took the narrow view that "intent to destroy" in the CPPCG meant the intended physical-biological destruction of the protected group and that this was still the majority op... | Question: In 2007 what former case did the European Court of Human Rights draw on to further refine qualifiers of genocide? Question: Which group was accused by the ECHR of having an overly constricted idea of the meaning of destruction in defining genocide? Question: What form of destruction was considered too limited... |
gq: The word genocide was later included as a descriptive term to the process of indictment, but not yet as a formal legal term According to Lemming, genocide was defined as "a coordinated strategy to destroy a group of people, a process that could be accomplished through total annihilation as well as strategies that e... | Question: Prior to being a formal legal term, how was the word "genocide" used in an indictment scenario? Question: Who ultimately defined genocide as a series of strategies leading up to the annihilation of an entire group? Question: What elements of group existence, other than people themselves, can be targets of gen... |
gq: The study of genocide has mainly been focused towards the legal aspect of the term. By formally recognizing the act of genocide as a crime, involves the undergoing prosecution that begins with not only seeing genocide as outrageous past any moral standpoint but also may be a legal liability within international rel... | Question: What has been the primary focus in the study of genocide? Question: In prosecuting genocide, what must the act be formally acknowledged as? Question: In a general aspect, what is genocide viewed as? Question: Why does genocide often go unpunished? Question: In trials of genocidal crimes, what responsibly part... |
gq: Genocide has become an official term used in international relations. The word genocide was not in use before 1944. Before this, in 1941, Winston Churchill described the mass killing of Russian prisoners of war and civilians as "a crime without a name". In that year, a Polish-Jewish lawyer named Raphael Lemkin, des... | Question: When was the word "genocide" first used? Question: The word "genocide" was unknown until what year? Question: Who referred to acts of genocide in 1941? Question: In 1941, how did Winston Churchill refer to the mass killings of Russian prisoners of war? Question: Who coined the term "genocide"? Question: What ... |
gq: The judges continue in paragraph 12, "The determination of when the targeted part is substantial enough to meet this requirement may involve a number of considerations. The numeric size of the targeted part of the group is the necessary and important starting point, though not in all cases the ending point of the i... | Question: Several considerations were involved in meeting the requirement to determine what? Question: What is the key aspect of the targeted part of the group at the starting point of the inquiry? Question: The number of people targeted in a genocide should not be solely evaluated by what? Question: In addition to the... |
gq: In paragraph 13 the judges raise the issue of the perpetrators' access to the victims: "The historical examples of genocide also suggest that the area of the perpetrators’ activity and control, as well as the possible extent of their reach, should be considered. ... The intent to destroy formed by a perpetrator of ... | Question: The issue of what is raised by judges in Paragraph 13? Question: What is the basis for suggesting that several factors regarding the activity of the perpetrators be considered? Question: The extent of what by the perpetrators was considered in an examination of their activity and level of control? Question: W... |
gq: The Convention came into force as international law on 12 January 1951 after the minimum 20 countries became parties. At that time however, only two of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council were parties to the treaty: France and the Republic of China. The Soviet Union ratified in 1954, the United Ki... | Question: On which date did the Genocide Convention become effective? Question: What was the minimum number of countries necessary to form parties? Question: Of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council, how many were parties to the treaty? Question: What member ratified in 1970? Question: The delay in supp... |
gq: Writing in 1998 Kurt Jonassohn and Karin Björnson stated that the CPPCG was a legal instrument resulting from a diplomatic compromise. As such the wording of the treaty is not intended to be a definition suitable as a research tool, and although it is used for this purpose, as it has an international legal credibil... | Question: In 1998 it was written that the CPPCG was a legal entity resulting in which type of compromise? Question: Rather than a definition, the text of the treaty is considered as what type of tool? Question: What does the treaty possess that others lack? Question: The writers Jonassohn and Bjornson cite various reas... |
gq: Jonassohn and Björnson postulate that the major reason why no single generally accepted genocide definition has emerged is because academics have adjusted their focus to emphasise different periods and have found it expedient to use slightly different definitions to help them interpret events. For example, Frank Ch... | Question: What two writers examined the lack of an accepted and singular definition for genocide? Question: The two writers suggested that academics adjusted what in their different definitions to assist them in interpreting events? Question: What writer joined Jonassohn in the study of the whole of human history? Ques... |
gq: The exclusion of social and political groups as targets of genocide in the CPPCG legal definition has been criticized by some historians and sociologists, for example M. Hassan Kakar in his book The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response, 1979–1982 argues that the international definition of genocide is too restri... | Question: Some historians were critical of what exclusion in the definition of victims of genocide? Question: In what book did Kakar contend that the international definition of genocide was too narrow? Question: Kakar argued that the definition should include any group defined by the perpetrator and which other group?... |
gq: Barbara Harff and Ted Gurr defined genocide as "the promotion and execution of policies by a state or its agents which result in the deaths of a substantial portion of a group ...[when] the victimized groups are defined primarily in terms of their communal characteristics, i.e., ethnicity, religion or nationality."... | Question: Harff and Gurr's definition of genocide included the promotion and execution of what, by a state or its agents? Question: Harff and Gurr further defined what in terms of ethnicity, religion or nationality? Question: What was important to Harff and Gurr to distinguish from genocides? Question: Along with ethni... |
gq: According to R. J. Rummel, genocide has 3 different meanings. The ordinary meaning is murder by government of people due to their national, ethnic, racial, or religious group membership. The legal meaning of genocide refers to the international treaty, the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of... | Question: In the writings of Rummel, what is the first and ordinary meaning of genocide? Question: Rummel postulates that murder of people of government is due to national, ethnic, racial and which other membership? Question: The legal meaning of genocide is contained in which international treaty? Question: Included i... |
gq: Highlighting the potential for state and non-state actors to commit genocide in the 21st century, for example, in failed states or as non-state actors acquire weapons of mass destruction, Adrian Gallagher defined genocide as 'When a source of collective power (usually a state) intentionally uses its power base to i... | Question: In terms of failed states and non-state actors, the possession of weapons of mass destruction was an issue examined by which writer? Question: In Gallagher's definition of genocide, a source of what is malicious in it implementation of the destruction of a group? Question: Gallagher's definition upholds the c... |
gq: All signatories to the CPPCG are required to prevent and punish acts of genocide, both in peace and wartime, though some barriers make this enforcement difficult. In particular, some of the signatories—namely, Bahrain, Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, the United States, Vietnam, Yemen, and f... | Question: Signatories to the CPPC are required to prevent and punish what? Question: During which times can a perpetrator of genocide be charged? Question: What major western power is exempt from charges or claims of genocide against itself? Question: In enforcing a charge of genocide, what loophole do many of the sign... |
gq: Because the universal acceptance of international laws which in 1948 defined and forbade genocide with the promulgation of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG), those criminals who were prosecuted after the war in international courts for taking part in the Holocaust were... | Question: In 1948 the worldwide acceptance of international laws that defined and forbade genocide was promulgated by which treaty? Question: After WWII criminals were largely prosecuted under CPPCG for their involvement in what massive genocidal effort? Question: Perpetrators who were tried after World War II were in ... |
gq: On 12 July 2007, European Court of Human Rights when dismissing the appeal by Nikola Jorgić against his conviction for genocide by a German court (Jorgic v. Germany) noted that the German courts wider interpretation of genocide has since been rejected by international courts considering similar cases. The ECHR also... | Question: Which court dismissed Nikola Jorgic's appeal against his conviction for genocide by a German court? Question: In Jorgic v. Germany, what about the German courts was later rejected by international courts hearing similar cases? Question: The ECHR noted that among certain academics, what act carried out by the ... |
gq: About 30 people have been indicted for participating in genocide or complicity in genocide during the early 1990s in Bosnia. To date, after several plea bargains and some convictions that were successfully challenged on appeal two men, Vujadin Popović and Ljubiša Beara, have been found guilty of committing genocide... | Question: In the 1990s, how many people were indicted for war crimes that were officially defined as genocide? Question: Convicted perpetrators Popovic and Beara were found guilty of genocide despite what evasive action? Question: Tolimir was found guilty of both genocide and what other charge? Question: Another charge... |
gq: Slobodan Milošević, as the former President of Serbia and of Yugoslavia, was the most senior political figure to stand trial at the ICTY. He died on 11 March 2006 during his trial where he was accused of genocide or complicity in genocide in territories within Bosnia and Herzegovina, so no verdict was returned. In ... | Question: Which former president was by far the most senior politician to be accused of genocidal crimes by the ICTY? Question: What event occurred in March 2006 that essentially ended Milosevic's trial? Question: Had Milosevic not died, what charges might he have been convicted of? Question: With Milosevic dead, who d... |
gq: The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) is a court under the auspices of the United Nations for the prosecution of offenses committed in Rwanda during the genocide which occurred there during April 1994, commencing on 6 April. The ICTR was created on 8 November 1994 by the Security Council of the Unit... | Question: What court was established under the aegis of the United Nations to prosecute genocidal crimes in Rwanda? Question: The prosecutorial efforts of the ICTR focused on genocidal acts that took place during which time period? Question: the ICTR was created in November 1995 by which branch of the UN? Question: The... |
gq: There has been much debate over categorizing the situation in Darfur as genocide. The ongoing conflict in Darfur, Sudan, which started in 2003, was declared a "genocide" by United States Secretary of State Colin Powell on 9 September 2004 in testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. Since that time h... | Question: What has been widely debated as a possible act of genocide in Sudan? Question: In 2003 what well known U.S. Secretary of State declared the situation in Darfur as an act of genocide? Question: In front of which committee did Powell testify? Question: What did UN Security Council Resolution 1564 authorize in 2... |
gq: In March 2005, the Security Council formally referred the situation in Darfur to the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, taking into account the Commission report but without mentioning any specific crimes. Two permanent members of the Security Council, the United States and China, abstained from the vo... | Question: To whom did the Security Council officially refer the situation in Darfur? Question: What was taken into account, without mentioning specific crimes? Question: China and what other permanent member of the Security Council abstained from the vote on the referral resolution? Question: In which number report to ... |
gq: Other authors have focused on the structural conditions leading up to genocide and the psychological and social processes that create an evolution toward genocide. Ervin Staub showed that economic deterioration and political confusion and disorganization were starting points of increasing discrimination and violenc... | Question: In the build-up to genocide, what have other authors focused on? Question: What processes are thought to create an evolution toward genocide? Question: Who revealed the starting points of this evolution to be economic deterioration and political confusion? Question: A history of what is just one factor that c... |
gq: The emergence of resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is a common phenomenon. Emergence of resistance often reflects evolutionary processes that take place during antibiotic therapy. The antibiotic treatment may select for bacterial strains with physiologically or genetically enhanced capacity to survive high dose... | Question: What is a modern common occurence with antibiotics? Question: What is resistance to antibiotics a cause of? Question: What does emergence of resistance reflect? Question: What is the purpose of antibiotic treatment? Question: When was the Luria-Delbruck experiment? Question: When was antibacterial-resistance ... |
gq: The successful outcome of antimicrobial therapy with antibacterial compounds depends on several factors. These include host defense mechanisms, the location of infection, and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the antibacterial. A bactericidal activity of antibacterials may depend on the bacteria... | Question: What does a successful treatment using antibiotics entail? Question: What does the bactericidal activitty of antibacterials depend on what? Question: What besides ongoing metabolic activity is required in bactericidal activity? Question: What does this eliminate? Question: What does the potency of antibacteri... |
gq: Antibacterial antibiotics are commonly classified based on their mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity. Most target bacterial functions or growth processes. Those that target the bacterial cell wall (penicillins and cephalosporins) or the cell membrane (polymyxins), or interfere with esse... | Question: Besides sprectrum of activity and chemical structure, how can antibacterial antibiotics classified? Question: What three ways are antibiotics classified? Question: What do anitibiotics mostly target? Question: Which two types of antibiotics target the cell wall? Question: What is another name used for bacteri... |
gq: With advances in medicinal chemistry, most modern antibacterials are semisynthetic modifications of various natural compounds. These include, for example, the beta-lactam antibiotics, which include the penicillins (produced by fungi in the genus Penicillium), the cephalosporins, and the carbapenems. Compounds that ... | Question: What are antibiotics in chemical terms? Question: Besides semisytetic modifications, what advances in medicinal chemistry regarding antibacterials? Question: What type of antibiotics include penicilin? Question: What is included in the beta-lactam antibiotics? Question: What is penicillins produced by? Questi... |
gq: Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led... | Question: In which century were antibiotics first introduced? Question: In what century did antibiotics revolutionized medicine? Question: When did antibiotics revolutinzed medicine? Question: When were antibiotics created? Question: What other medicine worked along antibiotics to eradicate diseases like tuberculosis? ... |
gq: In empirical therapy, a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified. While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection usually a broad s... | Question: What is one kind of therapy that may be used when a patience has an infection, but it has not been identified? Question: What happens in empirical therapy? Question: At what stage does a doctor begin empirical therapy? Question: What kinds of antibiotics are most commonly used for empirical therapy? Question:... |
gq: Antibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very serious depending on t... | Question: What are antibiotics screened for on mammals and humans? Question: Why are antibiotics checked before use? Question: What do antibiotics need approval for? Question: What besides the individual patient is targeted when antibiotics is being used? Question: Photodermatitis, nausea, allergic reactions and anaphy... |
gq: Exposure to antibiotics early in life is associated with increased body mass in humans and mouse models. Early life is a critical period for the establishment of the intestinal microbiota and for metabolic development. Mice exposed to subtherapeutic antibiotic treatment (STAT)– with either penicillin, vancomycin, p... | Question: What is one common result of using antibiotics from a young age? Question: What can happen if people are exposed to antibiotics at a young age? Question: When do intestinal microbiota develop? Question: What does STAT stand for? Question: What are some antibiotics can be used for STAT? Question: Do antibiotic... |
gq: The majority of studies indicate antibiotics do interfere with contraceptive pills, such as clinical studies that suggest the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics is very low (about 1%). In cases where antibacterials have been suggested to affect the efficiency of birth control pills, such as f... | Question: Do antibiotics interact with birth control pills? Question: Do antibiotics mess with birth control pills? Question: What do antibiotics interfere with? Question: What percentage of birth control pill failure is attributed to antibiotics? Question: What percent is the failure rate of contraceptive pills? Ques... |
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