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### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What information does the EAS address and DNAI Mapping Information record in UDR provide? option 1: EAS address information option 2: DNAI mapping information option 3: DNN and S-NSSAI option 4: AF Identifier ### Response: option 2: DNAI mapping information explanation :The EAS address and DNAI Mapping Information record in UDR provides DNAI mapping information.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What is the purpose of the gNB-CU in the NG-RAN architecture? option 1: To connect gNBs to the 5GC option 2: To interconnect gNBs through the Xn interface option 3: To consist of a gNB-CU-CP and one or more gNB-CU-UPs option 4: To establish a wireless backhaul connection with IAB nodes ### Response: option 1: To connect gNBs to the 5GC explanation :The gNB-CU in the NG-RAN architecture is responsible for connecting gNBs to the 5GC.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What does the SL-AccessInfo-L2U2N-r17 IE include? option 1: Radio information for L2 U2N relay operation option 2: Radio information for L3 U2N relay operation option 3: Radio information for L1 U2N relay operation option 4: Radio information for L2 N2U relay operation ### Response: option 1: Radio information for L2 U2N relay operation explanation :The SL-AccessInfo-L2U2N-r17 IE includes the radio information for L2 U2N relay operation.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What are the observed ranges of BS energy savings when SSB and/or SIB is saved from one carrier of two carriers? option 1: 5.1%~98.4% option 2: 1.0%~7.9% option 3: 0.3%~5.7% option 4: 3.0%~58.4% ### Response: option 1: 5.1%~98.4% explanation :The observed ranges of BS energy savings when SSB and/or SIB is saved from one carrier of two carriers are 5.1%~98.4%.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What is the purpose of the Transport of NAS Messages in RRC? option 1: To enable reliable and in-sequence delivery of NAS messages option 2: To facilitate handover without packet loss option 3: To ensure proper synchronization between the UE and the network option 4: To support encryption and decryption of NAS messages option 5: To enable multi-hop communication in non-terrestrial networks ### Response: option 1: To enable reliable and in-sequence delivery of NAS messages explanation :The purpose of the Transport of NAS Messages in RRC is to enable reliable and in-sequence delivery of NAS messages.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications Which IE shall be included in the Attach request message if the MS supports at least one positioning method for the provision of location services (LCS) via the PS domain in Gb-mode? option 1: Old P-TMSI signature option 2: Requested READY timer value option 3: TMSI status option 4: PS LCS Capability ### Response: option 4: PS LCS Capability explanation :The IE 'PS LCS Capability' shall be included in the Attach request message if the MS supports at least one positioning method for the provision of location services via the PS domain in Gb-mode.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards overview What are the three aspects that voice and video enhancements in RAN2 and RAN3 focus on? option 1: RAN-assisted codec adaptation, VoLTE/ViLTE signalling optimization, and voice/video coverage enhancement option 2: UL/DL bitrate recommendation, PUSCH enhancement mode, and multi-subframe channel estimation option 3: RobVoLTE, QCI-1 bearer setup, and handover thresholds option 4: LTE radio signal improvement, CS fallback, and UE-1MSC communication ### Response: option 1: RAN-assisted codec adaptation, VoLTE/ViLTE signalling optimization, and voice/video coverage enhancement explanation :Voice and video enhancements in RAN2 and RAN3 focus on the three aspects: RAN-assisted codec adaptation, VoLTE/ViLTE signalling optimization, and voice/video coverage enhancement.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications Who can obtain priority access to the next available radio channel in MPS? option 1: Only PLMN users option 2: Only MPS Service Provider network option 3: Qualified and authorized users option 4: Only machine interactions ### Response: option 3: Qualified and authorized users explanation :MPS allows qualified and authorized users to obtain priority access to the next available radio channel on a priority basis before other PLMN users.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What is the maximum number of MR-DC combinations for IDC? option 1: 256 option 2: 64 option 3: 512 option 4: 128 option 5: 1024 ### Response: option 3: 512 explanation :The maximum number of MR-DC combinations for IDC is 512.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What types of LCS responses are there? option 1: Immediate and deferred option 2: Internal and external option 3: Successful and failed option 4: Regional and national option 5: Mobile assisted and mobile based ### Response: option 1: Immediate and deferred explanation :The Location Service Response can be either 'immediate' or 'deferred' in response to a Location Service Request.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications Which statement is true regarding the IMS Multimedia Telephony service? option 1: It is limited to only including speech as a media component. option 2: It supports real-time video and file transfer. option 3: It does not include supplementary services. option 4: It can only be used for point-to-point communication. ### Response: option 2: It supports real-time video and file transfer. explanation :The IMS Multimedia Telephony service supports real-time video, file transfer, and other media components.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What can the Hosting E-UTRAN/NG-RAN Operator control in terms of resource usage? option 1: Signalling traffic and user traffic independently option 2: User traffic only option 3: Signalling traffic only option 4: Resource allocation for each Participating Operator ### Response: option 1: Signalling traffic and user traffic independently explanation :The Hosting E-UTRAN/NG-RAN Operator needs to be able to manage the sharing of the signalling traffic independently from that of the user traffic because signalling traffic and user traffic are not always directly related.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What functions are supported by the HeNB GW? option 1: Relaying UE-associated S1 application part messages option 2: Terminating non-UE associated S1 application part procedures option 3: Optionally terminating S1-U interface with the HeNB and with the S-GW option 4: Supporting TAC and PLMN ID used by the HeNB option 5: All of the above ### Response: option 5: All of the above explanation :The HeNB GW supports all of these functions.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What is the purpose of the Media Handling Extensions of IMS-based Telepresence work item? option 1: To introduce password protection for activation of supplementary services in IMS option 2: To specify eMBMS enhancements for LTE option 3: To provide media handling extensions for IMS-based telepresence option 4: To introduce the support of end-to-end eCall over IMS ### Response: option 3: To provide media handling extensions for IMS-based telepresence explanation :The Media Handling Extensions of IMS-based Telepresence work item provides media handling extensions for IMS-based telepresence.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What does the tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationCommon provide? option 1: Slot configuration period option 2: Reference SCS configuration option 3: Number of downlink symbols option 4: Number of uplink symbols ### Response: option 2: Reference SCS configuration explanation :The tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationCommon provides a reference SCS configuration.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards overview Which series of documents in 3GPP documentation focus on LTE, LTE-Advanced, and LTE-Advanced Pro radio technology? option 1: 36.xxx option 2: 37.xxx option 3: 38.xxx option 4: 36.xxx and 37.xxx option 5: 37.xxx and 38.xxx ### Response: option 1: 36.xxx explanation :Documents with a focus on LTE, LTE-Advanced, and LTE-Advanced Pro radio technology are in the 36.xxx series.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications Are there any impacts on legacy UEs if the spatial element adaptation is used on a UE-specific basis? option 1: Yes, there is a positive impact option 2: No, there is no impact option 3: Yes, there is a negative impact option 4: Yes, there is a significant impact option 5: Yes, there is a variable impact ### Response: option 2: No, there is no impact explanation :There is no impact for legacy UEs if the spatial element adaptation is used on a UE-specific basis, i.e., applied only for UEs supporting the technique.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards overview What is the purpose of QoS Monitoring in the enhancement of URLLC support in the 5G Core network? option 1: To measure packet delay between UE and PSA UPF option 2: To calculate the core network Packet Delay Budget (CN PDB) option 3: To provide support for up to eight simultaneously active semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) configurations option 4: To support accurate reference timing delivery for Time Sensitive Communications option 5: To enhance the inter UE transmission prioritization and multiplexing ### Response: option 1: To measure packet delay between UE and PSA UPF explanation :The purpose of QoS Monitoring in the enhancement of URLLC support in the 5G Core network is to measure packet delay between UE and PSA UPF.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications Which specification defines the functions of NG-RAN? option 1: TS 23.501 option 2: TS 36.300 option 3: TS 38.300 option 4: TS 38.305 option 5: TS 38.400 ### Response: option 3: TS 38.300 explanation :The functions of NG-RAN are defined in TS 38.300.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications How is the packet delay measured for a QoS Flow in URLLC? option 1: By performing end-to-end UL/DL packet delay measurement between UE and PSA UPF. option 2: By estimating the RAN part of UL/DL packet delay based on QoS Monitoring request from SMF. option 3: By performing GTP-U Echo Request/Response for the corresponding transport path. option 4: By activating QoS monitoring for GTP-U path between UPF and (R)AN. option 5: By mapping QoS Flows to appropriate network instances based on QoS monitoring results. ### Response: option 3: By performing GTP-U Echo Request/Response for the corresponding transport path. explanation :In URLLC, packet delay measurement is performed by using GTP-U Echo Request/Response in the corresponding user plane transport path, independent of the corresponding PDU Session and the 5QI for a given QoS Flow.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications How are physical resource blocks defined? option 1: consecutive OFDM symbols in the frequency domain option 2: consecutive subcarriers in the time domain option 3: consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain option 4: consecutive OFDM symbols in the time domain ### Response: option 3: consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain explanation :A physical resource block is defined as consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What can a UE be provided for scrambling the CRC of multicast DCI formats for scheduling PDSCH receptions? option 1: G-RNTIs option 2: G-CS-RNTIs option 3: MCCH-RNTIs option 4: C-RNTIs ### Response: option 1: G-RNTIs explanation :A UE can be provided one or more G-RNTIs for multicast per serving cell for scrambling the CRC of multicast DCI formats for scheduling PDSCH receptions.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards overview Which document contains the requirements needed for the 5G system to support 5G LAN-type services? option 1: TS 22.261 option 2: TS 23.501 option 3: TS 23.502 option 4: TS 23.503 ### Response: option 1: TS 22.261 explanation :The requirements needed for the 5G system to support 5G LAN-type services are documented in TS 22.261.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications Under what conditions can target UEs making an emergency call be positioned? option 1: Only if the privacy attribute value allows positioning option 2: Only if there is no privacy attribute value set option 3: Always option 4: Never ### Response: option 3: Always explanation :Target UEs making an emergency call can be positioned regardless of the privacy attribute value.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications How does a supporting UE select a core network operator to serve it in a shared network? option 1: The shared network selects an operator for the UE. option 2: The UE selects an operator from the available CN operators. option 3: The RAN routes the UE to an available CN node. option 4: The BSC/RNC/eNodeB relays the chosen operator to the core network node. ### Response: option 2: The UE selects an operator from the available CN operators. explanation :A supporting UE in a shared network selects a core network operator to serve it by choosing from the available CN operators.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards overview Which series of documents in 3GPP documentation focus on multiple radio access technology aspects? option 1: 36.xxx option 2: 37.xxx option 3: 38.xxx option 4: 36.xxx and 37.xxx option 5: 37.xxx and 38.xxx ### Response: option 2: 37.xxx explanation :Documents with a focus on multiple radio access technology aspects are in the 37.xxx series.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards overview For V2X communication over LTE-Uu, how can a UE receive V2X messages? option 1: Via downlink broadcast option 2: Via uplink unicast option 3: Via downlink unicast or broadcast option 4: Via uplink broadcast option 5: Via P2P connection ### Response: option 3: Via downlink unicast or broadcast explanation :A UE can receive V2X messages over LTE-Uu via downlink unicast or broadcast.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What factors does the 5G-AN node consider for selecting a TNL association for the AMF for the initial N2 message? option 1: Availability of TNL associations option 2: Weight factors of TNL associations option 3: Availability and weight factors of TNL associations option 4: Weight factors and AMF preferences option 5: Availability and AMF preferences ### Response: option 3: Availability and weight factors of TNL associations explanation :The 5G-AN node considers the availability of candidate TNL associations and their weight factors for selecting a TNL association for the AMF for the initial N2 message.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What is a mobile base station relay? option 1: A mobile base station acting as a relay between a UE and the 5G network option 2: A mobile base station that uses PC5-based link to provide indirect connection to remote UEs option 3: A mobile base station that provides 5G access for UEs inside a vehicle option 4: A mobile base station that supports multi-hop relay scenarios option 5: A mobile base station that supports wireless self-backhaul functionalities ### Response: option 1: A mobile base station acting as a relay between a UE and the 5G network explanation :A mobile base station relay is a mobile base station that acts as a relay between a UE and the 5G network, providing a NR access link to UEs and connected wirelessly using NR through a donor NG-RAN to the 5G Core.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What is the maximum inter-site distance supported by the 5G system for a stand-alone multicast/broadcast network? option 1: 50 km option 2: 100 km option 3: 200 km option 4: 250 km option 5: 500 km ### Response: option 3: 200 km explanation :The 5G system supports a stand-alone multicast/broadcast network comprising of multiple cells with inter-site distances of up to 200 km.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards overview What does the PCF do in relation to monitoring data rate per Network Slice? option 1: Monitors the data rate per Network Slice and applies policy decisions option 2: Enforces the Slice MBR and usage of Target NSSAI option 3: Monitors and controls the number of registered UEs per network slice option 4: Provides Target NSSAI and RFSP to RAN to steer the UE to another cell option 5: Supports slice specific RACH configuration ### Response: option 1: Monitors the data rate per Network Slice and applies policy decisions explanation :The PCF is enhanced to monitor the data rate per Network Slice and apply policy decisions to strengthen or relax traffic restrictions.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What type of measurement does the UE need to perform for cell selection and intra-frequency reselection in sidelink operation? option 1: Inter-frequency measurement option 2: Inter-RAT measurement option 3: Intra-frequency measurement option 4: Inter-carrier measurement option 5: Non-serving frequency measurement ### Response: option 3: Intra-frequency measurement explanation :When UE is interested to perform sidelink communication or sidelink discovery announcement on a non-serving frequency, it shall perform measurements on that frequency for cell selection and intra-frequency reselection purpose.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards overview What message does the eNB send to perform redirection to another E-UTRAN frequency? option 1: GBR bearer message option 2: RRC Connection Release message option 3: Redirect message option 4: Frequency update message option 5: UE CONTEXT RELEASE REQUEST message ### Response: option 5: UE CONTEXT RELEASE REQUEST message explanation :When the eNB decides to perform redirection to another E-UTRAN frequency, it sends a UE CONTEXT RELEASE REQUEST message with the 'Inter-RAT Redirection' cause value.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What is the impact on UE power consumption with the reduction of TRPs? option 1: Decrease in power consumption option 2: No impact option 3: Increase in power consumption option 4: Significant impact option 5: Variable impact ### Response: option 3: Increase in power consumption explanation :Two sources show that there is increase in UE power consumption by up to 79.99% (when number of TX RU is reduced from 64 to 8).
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What does the SMF determine when it receives notification on the requested analytics from the NWDAF? option 1: Which UEs need to download new AI/ML models option 2: Which UEs need to disable analytics information exposure option 3: Which UEs need to enable analytics information exposure option 4: Which UEs need to subscribe to the Analytics ID option 5: Which UEs the SMF needs to provide the analytics information to ### Response: option 5: Which UEs the SMF needs to provide the analytics information to explanation :The SMF determines which UEs the SMF needs to provide the analytics information to based on the received notification.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What does NEF do after receiving the DNAI mapping information from UDR? option 1: Determines the DNN and/or S-NSSAI option 2: Notifies the DNAI(s) to the AF option 3: Determines the suitable DNAI(s) option 4: Subscribes to DNAI mapping information for this DNN and/or S-NSSAI ### Response: option 3: Determines the suitable DNAI(s) explanation :After receiving the DNAI mapping information from UDR, NEF determines the suitable DNAI(s).
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards overview What is the focus of the work item on Handsets Featuring Non-Traditional Earpieces? option 1: Enhancing the functionality of Multimedia Telephony Service for IMS option 2: Updating the test specifications for handsets with traditional earpieces option 3: Introducing new test methods for acoustic performance evaluation option 4: Defining proper guidance for setting up UEs with traditional earpieces option 5: Improving the acoustic test methods for UEs with non-traditional earpieces ### Response: option 5: Improving the acoustic test methods for UEs with non-traditional earpieces explanation :The work item improves the acoustic test methods in TS 26.132 by providing proper guidance on how to setup a UE featuring a non-traditional earpiece.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What is the primary service state selected after power on? option 1: No IMSI option 2: Location Update Needed option 3: Normal Service option 4: Limited Service option 5: eCall Inactive ### Response: option 3: Normal Service explanation :After power on, the primary service state selected is Normal Service if the selected cell is in the location area where the mobile station is registered.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What may the NWDAF containing MTLF do if ML Model accuracy degradation is detected? option 1: Reselect a new ML model option 2: Retrain the existing ML model option 3: Notify the ML Model consumer(s) option 4: All of the above ### Response: option 4: All of the above explanation :If ML Model accuracy degradation is detected, the NWDAF containing MTLF may reselect a new ML model, retrain the existing ML model, and notify the ML Model consumer(s).
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards overview What is the purpose of the Coverage and Handoff Enhancements for Multimedia (CHEM) feature? option 1: To enable the network to delay or reduce handoffs of a Multimedia Telephony Service for IMS terminal by providing additional information about packet losses option 2: To enable the network to prioritize handoffs of a Multimedia Telephony Service for IMS terminal by providing additional information about packet losses option 3: To enable the network to avoid handoffs of a Multimedia Telephony Service for IMS terminal by providing additional information about packet losses option 4: To enable the network to switch handoffs of a Multimedia Telephony Service for IMS terminal by providing additional information about packet losses option 5: To enable the network to identify handoffs of a Multimedia Telephony Service for IMS terminal by providing additional information about packet losses ### Response: option 1: To enable the network to delay or reduce handoffs of a Multimedia Telephony Service for IMS terminal by providing additional information about packet losses explanation :The Coverage and Handoff Enhancements for Multimedia (CHEM) feature allows the network to delay or reduce handoffs of a Multimedia Telephony Service for IMS terminal by providing additional information about the robustness to packet losses of the negotiated media configurations.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications Which scenario is intended to capture real-life scenarios such as a city or station square? option 1: UMi with O2O and O2I option 2: UMa with O2O and O2I option 3: Indoor option 4: Backhaul option 5: D2D/V2V ### Response: option 1: UMi with O2O and O2I explanation :The UMi with O2O and O2I scenario is intended to capture real-life scenarios such as a city or station square.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What is the purpose of Control and User Plane Separation of EPC nodes in LTE? option 1: To enable dynamic power sharing between different bands option 2: To reduce the insertion loss for multi-band antenna sharing option 3: To provide low latency for services like social networks and web browsing option 4: To support multi-RAT operation (GSM and LTE) in Europe option 5: No specific purpose is mentioned for Control and User Plane Separation of EPC nodes ### Response: option 3: To provide low latency for services like social networks and web browsing explanation :The purpose of Control and User Plane Separation of EPC nodes in LTE is to provide low latency for services such as social networks or web browsing while enabling flexible placement of user plane functions.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards overview Where are the relevant procedures for Disaster Roaming service updated? option 1: TS 24.501 option 2: TS 22.011 option 3: TS 33.501 option 4: TS 23.122 option 5: TS 31.102 ### Response: option 1: TS 24.501 explanation :The relevant procedures such as registration, session establishment, etc., are updated in TS 24.501.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What is the purpose of Bandwidth Adaptation (BA)? option 1: To adjust the width, location, and subcarrier spacing of the UE's receive and transmit bandwidth option 2: To compress and decompress headers option 3: To map QoS flows to data radio bearers option 4: To multiplex and demultiplex MAC SDUs ### Response: option 1: To adjust the width, location, and subcarrier spacing of the UE's receive and transmit bandwidth explanation :The purpose of Bandwidth Adaptation (BA) is to adjust the width, location, and subcarrier spacing of the UE's receive and transmit bandwidth.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What is the purpose of the SMF Service Context Transfer procedures? option 1: To gracefully close the Source SMF option 2: To transfer the Service Context from the Target SMF Instance to the Source SMF Instance option 3: To retrieve the context from an endpoint address in the indirect mode option 4: To notify the consumers subscribed to changes in the resource option 5: To transfer context-specific information between SMF Sets ### Response: option 5: To transfer context-specific information between SMF Sets explanation :The SMF Service Context Transfer procedures are used to transfer context-specific information between different SMF Sets that support the same DNN/S-NSSAI pair supported for SM Contexts.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications Which message does the gNB-DU respond with to the UE after receiving the RRCRelease message? option 1: RRCResumeRequest message option 2: UE CONTEXT RELEASE COMPLETE message option 3: PAGING message option 4: UE CONTEXT SETUP RESPONSE message ### Response: option 2: UE CONTEXT RELEASE COMPLETE message explanation :The gNB-DU responds with the UE CONTEXT RELEASE COMPLETE message after receiving the RRCRelease message.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What is the function of the Visitor Location Register (VLR)? option 1: To hold subscriber data needed to handle packet data transfer. option 2: To terminate the interface towards E-UTRAN. option 3: To perform switching and signaling functions for mobile stations. option 4: To route calls to the actual location of the mobile station. option 5: To store International Mobile Subscriber Identities (IMSI). ### Response: option 4: To route calls to the actual location of the mobile station. explanation :The VLR routes calls to the actual location of the mobile station and contains information needed to handle calls set-up or received by the mobile stations.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What is the difference between reliability and communication service availability? option 1: Reliability is the ability to meet specific KPIs, while communication service availability refers to the system properties of 5G systems option 2: Reliability is the stability of the delay between transmission and receipt of messages, while communication service availability refers to the stability of the end-to-end latency option 3: Reliability is the ability of a system to perform its required functions under stated conditions, while communication service availability refers to the proportion of time a service is available for use option 4: Reliability is the bounded variation of transmission intervals, while communication service availability refers to the bounded variation of the interval between transmissions option 5: Reliability is the predetermined output of an open-loop control system, while communication service availability refers to the control of physical processes ### Response: option 3: Reliability is the ability of a system to perform its required functions under stated conditions, while communication service availability refers to the proportion of time a service is available for use explanation :Reliability refers to the ability of a system to perform its required functions under stated conditions, while communication service availability refers to the proportion of time a service is available for use.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What is the purpose of the General requirements in the application layer architecture? option 1: To support deployment of EAS(s) and AC(s) with or without modifications option 2: To support different deployment models in conjunction with an operator's 3GPP network option 3: To be compatible with the 3GPP network system option 4: To provide mechanisms to provide configuration parameters to an authorized EEC option 5: To specify the requirements for EEC, EAS, and EES registration ### Response: option 1: To support deployment of EAS(s) and AC(s) with or without modifications explanation :The general requirements specify that the application layer architecture should support the deployment of EAS(s) and AC(s) with or without modifications compared to their existing deployments.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications Which identity is used for unique UE identification and scheduling? option 1: AI-RNTI option 2: SI-RNTI option 3: TPC-PUCCH-RNTI option 4: RA-RNTI option 5: C-RNTI ### Response: option 5: C-RNTI explanation :C-RNTI is used for unique UE identification and scheduling.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What are the supported features for Multi-USIM UE operation? option 1: Connection Release only option 2: Paging Cause Indication for Voice Service only option 3: Connection Release and Reject Paging Request option 4: Paging Restriction and Paging Timing Collision Control option 5: All of the above ### Response: option 5: All of the above explanation :The network and a Multi-USIM UE may support Connection Release, Paging Cause Indication for Voice Service, Reject Paging Request, Paging Restriction, and Paging Timing Collision Control features.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What is the finest granularity of QoS differentiation at NAS level? option 1: QoS Profiles option 2: DRBs option 3: PDU Sessions option 4: QoS Flows ### Response: option 4: QoS Flows explanation :A QoS flow is the finest granularity of QoS differentiation in a PDU session at NAS level.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards overview Which 3GPP specification captures the segmentation mechanism for NR? option 1: TS 23.401 option 2: TS 36.331 option 3: TS 38.331 option 4: TS 23.501 ### Response: option 3: TS 38.331 explanation :The segmentation mechanism for NR is captured in TS 38.331.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications Which mode does the Intra-CU Backhaul RLF recovery procedure apply to? option 1: EN-DC mode option 2: NSA mode option 3: ENA mode option 4: SA mode option 5: ENA-DC mode ### Response: option 4: SA mode explanation :The Intra-CU Backhaul RLF recovery procedure applies to IAB-nodes in SA mode.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards overview Which work item of Rel-14 specified the V2X communication to provide basic safety services? option 1: WI 'Support for V2V services based on LTE sidelink' option 2: WI 'LTE-based V2X services' option 3: WI 'V2X phase 2 based on LTE' option 4: WI 'Revision of WID:V2X phase 2 based on LTE' option 5: WI 'Enhancement of 3GPP support for V2X scenarios; Stage 1' ### Response: option 2: WI 'LTE-based V2X services' explanation :The work item 'LTE-based V2X services' of Rel-14 specified the V2X communication to provide basic safety services.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What are the steps involved in the procedure for NWDAF to derive slice load analytics? option 1: Consumer NF subscribes to NWDAF, NWDAF collects input data, NWDAF derives analytics, NWDAF delivers analytics to consumer NF option 2: NWDAF gains slice information, NWDAF collects input data, NWDAF derives analytics, NWDAF delivers analytics to consumer NF option 3: NWDAF subscribes to input data, NWDAF collects input data, NWDAF delivers analytics to consumer NF option 4: Consumer NF subscribes to NWDAF, NWDAF derives analytics, NWDAF collects input data, NWDAF delivers analytics to consumer NF ### Response: option 2: NWDAF gains slice information, NWDAF collects input data, NWDAF derives analytics, NWDAF delivers analytics to consumer NF explanation :The steps involved in the procedure for NWDAF to derive slice load analytics include gaining slice information, collecting input data, deriving analytics, and delivering analytics to consumer NF.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What is the recommended behavior for a UE regarding excessive signaling load during the Paging Timing Collision Control procedure? option 1: Avoid signaling load from UE option 2: Initiate the AN release procedure option 3: Continue with the normal registration procedure option 4: Request the network to reduce signaling load option 5: None of the above ### Response: option 1: Avoid signaling load from UE explanation :It is recommended for a UE to avoid excessive signaling load during the Paging Timing Collision Control procedure.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards overview What improvements does LTE Rel-13 introduce for machine-type communications (MTC)? option 1: Enhanced support for multicast option 2: Improved positioning capabilities option 3: Higher data rate support option 4: All of the above ### Response: option 4: All of the above explanation :LTE Rel-13 introduces improvements in higher data rate support, multicast support, improved positioning, VoLTE enhancements, and mobility enhancements.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What are cyber-physical systems? option 1: Systems that include engineered physical components option 2: Systems that include computational components option 3: Engineered, interacting networks of physical and computational components option 4: Systems that control physical processes option 5: Systems that support communication in automation ### Response: option 3: Engineered, interacting networks of physical and computational components explanation :Cyber-physical systems are referred to as systems that include engineered, interacting networks of physical and computational components.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications How is SIPTO@LN PDN connection released in case of a handover with collocated L-GW? option 1: The EPC terminates the connection automatically option 2: The MME sends a release command to the eNB option 3: The collocated S-GW releases the connection option 4: The UE initiates the release procedure option 5: The eNB triggers the release over the S5 interface ### Response: option 5: The eNB triggers the release over the S5 interface explanation :In case of a handover with collocated L-GW, the SIPTO@LN PDN connection is released after a handover is performed and the collocated L-GW in the source eNB triggers the release over the S5 interface.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards overview What are the supported measurement gaps for DL PRS and NR/LTE RRM measurements in Rel-16? option 1: Measurement gaps with > 10ms measurement gap length (MGL) option 2: Measurement gaps with > 5ms measurement gap length (MGL) option 3: Measurement gaps with > 6ms measurement gap length (MGL) option 4: Measurement gaps with > 8ms measurement gap length (MGL) option 5: Measurement gaps with > 4ms measurement gap length (MGL) ### Response: option 3: Measurement gaps with > 6ms measurement gap length (MGL) explanation :In Rel-16, the supported measurement gaps for DL PRS and NR/LTE RRM measurements are measurement gaps with > 6ms measurement gap length (MGL).
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What does the UE consider the term 'radio bearer' (RB) to cover? option 1: Secondary Radio Bearers (SRBs) option 2: Data Radio Bearers (DRBs) option 3: Message Radio Bearers (MRBs) option 4: All of the above option 5: None of the above ### Response: option 4: All of the above explanation :The UE considers the term 'radio bearer' (RB) to cover Secondary Radio Bearers (SRBs), Data Radio Bearers (DRBs), and Message Radio Bearers (MRBs).
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What is the process of distributed/federated learning over the 5G system? option 1: The cloud server trains a global model by aggregating local models partially-trained by each end devices option 2: The network endpoint executes the remaining parts/layers and feeds the inference results back to the device option 3: The device executes the operation/model up to a specific part/layer and then sends the intermediate data to the network endpoint option 4: Multi-functional mobile terminals switch the AI/ML model based on task and environment variations option 5: The UE reports the interim training results to the cloud server via 5G UL channels ### Response: option 1: The cloud server trains a global model by aggregating local models partially-trained by each end devices explanation :Distributed/Federated Learning over the 5G system involves the cloud server training a global model by aggregating local models partially-trained by each end device.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What distribution is used to generate delays for random clusters in Step 5 of the channel generation procedure? option 1: Uniform distribution option 2: Exponential distribution option 3: Gaussian distribution option 4: Laplacian distribution ### Response: option 2: Exponential distribution explanation :Delays for random clusters are drawn randomly according to the exponential delay distribution in Step 5.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What is the process of allocating the core network operator to a UE in the CSFB scenario? option 1: Based on the network location of the UE option 2: Based on the type of radio access technology used by the UE option 3: Based on the operator configuration option 4: Based on the number of PLMN-id lists broadcasted by the network option 5: Based on the selected PLMN by a supporting UE ### Response: option 3: Based on the operator configuration explanation :The core network operator is allocated to a UE in the CSFB scenario based on the operator configuration.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What criteria are considered for periodic network selection attempts? option 1: Signal quality and coverage area option 2: Priority and availability of PLMNs option 3: User preferences and network agreements option 4: Forbidden PLMNs and hysteresis function option 5: Potential for PS services and PLMN restrictions ### Response: option 2: Priority and availability of PLMNs explanation :The criteria considered for periodic network selection attempts include the priority and availability of PLMNs.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications In what scenarios may the network operator reduce network traffic further without reducing the Quality of Service (QoS)? option 1: Asset management services option 2: Privacy Exception List option 3: Value added services option 4: Periodic location determination and reporting option 5: Event-based or time-based decision process by the application ### Response: option 5: Event-based or time-based decision process by the application explanation :If the event-based or time-based decision process is the responsibility of the application, it may reduce network traffic further without reducing the Quality of Service (QoS).
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What is the primary cell (PCell) in the context of RRC? option 1: The cell that broadcasts the MIB option 2: The cell that provides the security input option 3: The cell that handles emergency calls option 4: The cell that provides the NAS mobility information option 5: The cell that handles multicast/broadcast data ### Response: option 4: The cell that provides the NAS mobility information explanation :The primary cell (PCell) is the cell that provides the NAS mobility information in the context of RRC.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards overview What is HARQ-ACK bundling? option 1: A feature that enables UEs to transmit multiple HARQ-ACK feedback for a single DL transport block. option 2: A feature that allows UEs to transmit a single HARQ-ACK feedback for multiple DL transport blocks. option 3: A technique for improving DL peak rate in half-duplex FDD operation. option 4: A method for improving link performance in DL-heavy TDD configurations. ### Response: option 2: A feature that allows UEs to transmit a single HARQ-ACK feedback for multiple DL transport blocks. explanation :HARQ-ACK bundling enables the UE to transmit a single HARQ-ACK feedback for multiple DL transport blocks, increasing the portion of subframes that can be used for DL data transmission.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications When can Path update signaling related to Dual Connectivity and UPF re-allocation occur? option 1: Only when the Master RAN node is not congested option 2: Sequentially, one after the other option 3: Independent of each other option 4: At the same time option 5: Only when the Secondary RAN node is not congested ### Response: option 4: At the same time explanation :Path update signaling related to Dual Connectivity and UPF re-allocation cannot occur at the same time.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications When does the gNB-CU trigger the UE Context Setup procedure? option 1: Inactive to Idle transitions option 2: Inactive to active transitions excluding transitions due to signalling exchange only option 3: Inactive to other RRC states transitions option 4: Active to Inactive transitions ### Response: option 2: Inactive to active transitions excluding transitions due to signalling exchange only explanation :The gNB-CU triggers the UE Context Setup procedure for inactive to active transitions, excluding transitions due to signalling exchange only.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards overview What is the purpose of the User Identifier in the context of Network Slice-Specific Authentication and Authorization? option 1: To authenticate and authorize a UE for access to a specific network slice option 2: To identify the existing identifiers relating to a 3GPP subscription or UE option 3: To establish PDU Session(s) to the required Data network option 4: To create and manage User Identities option 5: To interwork the 3GPP system with an external entity for authentication and authorization ### Response: option 1: To authenticate and authorize a UE for access to a specific network slice explanation :The User Identifier is used for Network Slice-Specific Authentication and Authorization.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards overview What are some of the enhancements considered for the development of eCAPIF in Release 16? option 1: Architecture functional model to support multiple API providers option 2: Architectural model for the CAPIF interconnection option 3: Additional deployment models option 4: Procedure to support API topology hiding option 5: All of the above ### Response: option 5: All of the above explanation :Some of the enhancements considered for the development of eCAPIF in Release 16 include an architecture functional model to support multiple API providers, an architectural model for the CAPIF interconnection, additional deployment models, and a procedure to support API topology hiding.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications Which component handles the request for prioritized QoS Flows for Mobile Originations? option 1: AMF option 2: PCF option 3: UPF option 4: SMF option 5: (R)AN ### Response: option 2: PCF explanation :The PCF handles the request for prioritized QoS Flows for Mobile Originations.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What is the purpose of inter-level correlation? option 1: To aggregate charging events belonging to the same charging session over a time period. option 2: To combine charging events belonging to the same service generated by different CTFs. option 3: To uniquely identify each operator for inter operator accounting purposes. option 4: To enable operators involved in IMS sessions to identify each other. option 5: To include IOI identities within SIP signalling. ### Response: option 2: To combine charging events belonging to the same service generated by different CTFs. explanation :Inter-level correlation combines the charging events belonging to the same service but generated by different CTFs, for example, for PS access control via IM Subsystem.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What is the purpose of the handover to NR procedure? option 1: To establish SRBs and DRBs in another RAT option 2: To move a UE in RRC_CONNECTED to a cell using another RAT option 3: To transfer a connection between the UE and another RAN to NR option 4: To activate ciphering in E-UTRA option 5: To re-establish radio resources in NR ### Response: option 3: To transfer a connection between the UE and another RAN to NR explanation :The purpose of the handover to NR procedure is to transfer a connection between the UE and another RAN (e.g., E-UTRAN) to NR.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications Which interface is used to transfer control plane protocol between the E-UTRAN and MME? option 1: S1-MME-interface option 2: S1-U-interface option 3: Abis-interface option 4: Iub-interface option 5: Iur-interface ### Response: option 1: S1-MME-interface explanation :The S1-MME-interface is used to transfer the control plane protocol between the E-UTRAN and MME.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What do the delay profiles represent in the multi-path fading propagation conditions? option 1: The maximum delay spanned by the taps option 2: The maximum Doppler frequency option 3: The r.m.s. delay spread option 4: The number of taps at fixed positions on a sampling grid ### Response: option 3: The r.m.s. delay spread explanation :The delay profiles in multi-path fading propagation conditions represent the r.m.s. delay spread.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications Which measurement is used to calculate the energy efficiency of MIoT network slice based on the number of active UEs? option 1: GTP.InDataOctN3UPF.SNSSAI option 2: GTP.OutDataOctN3UPF.SNSSAI option 3: RM.RegisteredSubNbrMax.SNSSAI option 4: DRB.MeanActiveUeDl.SNSSAI ### Response: option 4: DRB.MeanActiveUeDl.SNSSAI explanation :The measurement used to calculate the energy efficiency of MIoT network slice based on the number of active UEs is DRB.MeanActiveUeDl.SNSSAI.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What determines the EDN service area? option 1: EDN bundle ID option 2: EES bundle ID option 3: EAS bundle ID option 4: LADN service area option 5: EES service area ### Response: option 4: LADN service area explanation :When an EDN is deployed using LADN, the EDN service area is the same as the LADN service area.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What are the characteristics of conversational services? option 1: Real-time, bi-directional, and low delay variation option 2: Store and forward, user-to-user communication option 3: Retrieval of information stored in information centers option 4: Access to flow of information without user control ### Response: option 1: Real-time, bi-directional, and low delay variation explanation :Conversational services are real time (no store and forward), usually bi-directional where low end to end delays (< 100 ms) and a high degree of synchronization between media components (implying low delay variation) are required.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What does the term 'serving cell' refer to when the procedures are applied for MCG? option 1: Primary cell of the SCG option 2: Serving cell belonging to the MCG option 3: Serving cell belonging to the SCG option 4: PUCCH-SCell option 5: PUCCH-PathlossReferenceRS ### Response: option 2: Serving cell belonging to the MCG explanation :The term 'serving cell' in this clause refers to serving cell belonging to the MCG when the procedures are applied for MCG.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications When can the SDT procedure over CG resources be initiated? option 1: When there is valid UL timing alignment. option 2: When the DL RSRP of the SSB is above a configured threshold. option 3: When the UE is in RRC_INACTIVE state. option 4: When the UE is in RRC_IDLE state. option 5: When the UE receives an RRCRelease message. ### Response: option 1: When there is valid UL timing alignment. explanation :SDT procedure over CG resources can only be initiated when there is valid UL timing alignment.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications Which interface is used to carry information concerning BSS management, call handling, and mobility management between the MSC and BSS? option 1: Gb-interface option 2: Iu_CS interface option 3: A-interface option 4: Um-interface option 5: Iu_PS-interface ### Response: option 3: A-interface explanation :The A-interface is used to carry information concerning BSS management, call handling, and mobility management between the MSC and the BSS.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications Which network function is responsible for authentication and authorization? option 1: SMF option 2: AMF option 3: AUSF option 4: PCF option 5: UDM ### Response: option 3: AUSF explanation :The Authentication Server Function (AUSF) is responsible for authentication and authorization.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards overview What is the designated interface for V2V communications? option 1: SA option 2: Uu option 3: PC5 option 4: PSCCH ### Response: option 3: PC5 explanation :The designated interface for V2V communications is PC5 (also known as sidelink at the physical layer).
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards overview What are the two modes of operation for V2X communication? option 1: V2X communication over PC5 interface and V2X communication over LTE-Uu interface option 2: V2X communication over 3GPP interface and V2X communication over non-3GPP interface option 3: V2X communication over E-UTRAN and V2X communication over EPC option 4: V2X communication over E-UTRAN and V2X communication over LTE-Uu interface ### Response: option 1: V2X communication over PC5 interface and V2X communication over LTE-Uu interface explanation :The two modes of operation for V2X communication are V2X communication over PC5 interface and V2X communication over LTE-Uu interface.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What is the purpose of QoS monitoring for assurance? option 1: To assess the QoS of communication services option 2: To provide real-time monitoring of asset conditions option 3: To diagnose and identify problems within a network option 4: To track the location of assets in real-time option 5: To interwork between network operators and application providers ### Response: option 1: To assess the QoS of communication services explanation :The purpose of QoS monitoring for assurance is to assess the quality of service (QoS) of communication services and compare them with customer requirements.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What does a supporting UE display as the network name in a shared network? option 1: The common PLMN option 2: The name stored in the UE for the PLMN-id option 3: The name specified in the broadcast system information option 4: The name of the chosen core network operator ### Response: option 4: The name of the chosen core network operator explanation :A supporting UE in a shared network displays the name of the chosen core network operator as the network name.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What are the different types of requirements for different 5G usages? option 1: Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), Critical Communications (CC) and Ultra Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC), Flexible network operations option 2: Massive Internet of Things (mIoT), Smart cities, Media and entertainment option 3: Transport, logistics, IoT, Discrete automation, Smart cities option 4: Public Safety, Health and wellness, Electriciy distribution option 5: Transport, logistics, IoT, Media and entertainment ### Response: option 1: Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), Critical Communications (CC) and Ultra Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC), Flexible network operations explanation :The different types of requirements for different 5G usages are Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), Critical Communications (CC) and Ultra Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC), and Flexible network operations.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What is the maximum relative velocity at which messages can be transferred between UEs supporting V2V applications? option 1: 300 km/h option 2: 400 km/h option 3: 500 km/h option 4: 600 km/h ### Response: option 3: 500 km/h explanation :The 3GPP system can transfer messages between UEs supporting V2V applications with a maximum relative velocity of 500 km/h.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What does the Ndccf_DataManagement_Notify service operation do? option 1: Subscribes to receive data or analytics via the DCCF option 2: Unsubscribes from receiving data or analytics via the DCCF option 3: Notifies the consumer instance of the requested data or analytics option 4: Fetches data or analytics from the DCCF ### Response: option 3: Notifies the consumer instance of the requested data or analytics explanation :The Ndccf_DataManagement_Notify service operation is used to notify the consumer instance of the requested data or analytics.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What does the AULC feature improve? option 1: User location calculation option 2: Core network overload option 3: User location change awareness option 4: Emergency call handling ### Response: option 3: User location change awareness explanation :The AULC feature is an improvement of the Core Network Overload - User Location Information reporting improvement (CNO_ULI) to improve user location change awareness.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What is the process of verifying if a Service User is authorized for MPS called? option 1: End-to-End Priority Treatment option 2: Service Invocation option 3: Network Interconnection option 4: Authorization ### Response: option 4: Authorization explanation :Authorization is the process to verify that a Service User is authorized for MPS. This includes capabilities to verify authorization to receive priority treatment in the radio access network and to access the MPS application service.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications Which of the following is a requirement for ensuring security in ranging services? option 1: Ensuring the use of Ranging is only permitted in network coverage under the full control of the operator. option 2: Ensuring that user privacy is not violated during ranging. option 3: Supporting mechanisms for a UE to discover other UEs supporting ranging. option 4: Supporting mechanisms for a UE to assist another UE in performing ranging. ### Response: option 2: Ensuring that user privacy is not violated during ranging. explanation :The 5G system should ensure that user privacy is not violated during ranging.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What is a Feature Set combination? option 1: A set of UE features option 2: A set of contiguous serving cells option 3: A two-dimensional matrix of feature sets per band option 4: A set of alternative features option 5: A set of aggregated carriers ### Response: option 3: A two-dimensional matrix of feature sets per band explanation :A Feature Set combination is the two-dimensional matrix of feature sets per band in a band combination.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What is periodic location reporting? option 1: The act of the network operator monitoring the location and status of an asset option 2: The act of the LCS Server initiating multiple position locations spread over a period of time option 3: The act of the target UE querying the LCS server about any valid requests option 4: The act of the PLMN supporting periodic location reporting for Emergency Services option 5: The act of the LCS client activating requests for the target UE ### Response: option 2: The act of the LCS Server initiating multiple position locations spread over a period of time explanation :Periodic location reporting is when the LCS Server initiates multiple position locations spread over a period of time.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What is the purpose of the 'Subscribe-notify' communication paradigm in management service interactions? option 1: To authenticate the management service consumer option 2: To establish a connection for management data streaming option 3: To enable the management service producer to invoke operations option 4: To request a subscription to notifications and receive network events option 5: To provide response based on a request from the management service consumer ### Response: option 4: To request a subscription to notifications and receive network events explanation :The 'Subscribe-notify' communication paradigm is used for a management service consumer to request a subscription to receive network events via notifications.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards overview What is the objective of enhancing the interactions between 3GPP management system and supporting external management systems in the context of 5G Trace management? option 1: To support the management of 5GC and NG-RAN option 2: To define the Network Resource Model (NRM) for 5G networks and network slicing option 3: To provide Service Based Interface (SBI) for charging option 4: To specify the Fault Supervision related management services option 5: To enhance the Management Services specifications ### Response: option 1: To support the management of 5GC and NG-RAN explanation :The objective of enhancing the interactions between 3GPP management system and supporting external management systems in the context of 5G Trace management is to support the management of 5GC and NG-RAN.
### Instruction: Choose the most appropriate option for the given question. Also provide an explanation. Category :Standards specifications What protocol is IP multimedia session control based on? option 1: H.324M option 2: SIP option 3: MMS option 4: GTT ### Response: option 2: SIP explanation :IP multimedia session control shall be based on SIP.