q_id stringlengths 6 6 | title stringlengths 4 294 | selftext stringlengths 0 2.48k | category stringclasses 1
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mryqop | What makes a hard drive 'hard'? | Why would it be described like that? It's not like SSDs or optical media are particularly soft. | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"Cause before you had floppy disks. Which, as the name inplies were floppy disks encased in a hard plastic box. Then came harddrives which are, you guessed it, harder disks.",
"What others have said it's basically right about floppy disk... | [
"url"
] | [
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mrzpu7 | In the context of programming, what does Return do? | I'm trying to pick up computer programming yet again, and I'm not really understanding the use of Return. What is it? How would you use it? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"text": [
"It tells the thing that's interpreting or compiling your code that you want to exit the current function. If you just write 'return' that's all that will happen, but typically you can also follow this up with some values that you want the function to spit out, i.e. the ... | [
"url"
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ms0c41 | Why do bigger camera censors have more natural blur? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"gupj6du"
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"text": [
"It's more that there is a wider variety of lenses available on cameras that have large sensors, in particular lenses with large holes (apertures). Lenses with a large hole give the rays of light more opportunity to stray off course before they are focussed back onto the... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
ms1ez3 | What is the impact of browsers no longer accepting 3rd party cookies and Apple’s Intelligent Tracking Prevention? | I know it impacts advertisers ability to target, but would love a clearer explanation of how it works and the impact. | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"An analogy: Every time you go anywhere in public, the shops you use, the buildings you enter, and the people you interact with put a coloured sticker with a number on you. It's just a sticker, it... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
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ms6h6q | Desalination by RO creates concentrated brine, which is then released into sea back. This causes environment problems. Why cant we use this brine for other process like salt harvesting etc, which requires brine? | Recently I watched these videos which explains the negative impact of releasing concentrated Brine produced from RO Desalination plants back into Ocean. 1. [ URL_2 ]( URL_3 ) 2. [ URL_0 ]( URL_1 ) This got me thinking why can't we use this brine in an commercial beneficial way, given that there are several industrial p... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"text": [
"The challenge here is mostly that salt is ubiquitous and fairly worthless - $58/ton It takes a lot of energy to drive off *all* the water and produce rock salt, so the costs are higher than what can be recovered by selling the salt. The brine may have a few uses, but a ... | [
"url"
] | [
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ms75wf | How do gaming headsets allow us to differentiate distance and location of noises, such as if footsteps are on the floor above or below you, or where and how far gunshots are coming from in a BR type game based on where you are standing and which way your camera is facing? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"guqrqsm",
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"text": [
"It's basically the same as how you do it normally. We can work out where sounds are coming from based on tiny differences in timing and level of sounds arriving at the two ears. There's also some filtering of sounds based on the shape of your ears and the... | [
"url"
] | [
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ms83qg | PoW (Proof of Work) vs. PoS (Proof of Stake) | Im just trying to understand if theres one that is superior and the details of how each works and the pros and cons of each within the crypto space | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"I can explain this. Bitcoin was the first practical system where a bunch of computers can agree on What's What, agree on the state of the data mutually rather than being told it by a leader. It does this by asking each computer on the network for its version of the data... | [
"url"
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msgkkr | What is dynamic range in music? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"text": [
"It's the difference between how loud and how soft a song gets. Does it stay just loud, does it just stay soft, or does it have changes in how loud or soft it is?"
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msgmfz | How can choosing pictures of certain objects (stop signs, cross walks, cars, etc.) prove that you are not a robot on websites? | It seems weird that to prove that I’m human I have to look for certain objects or check a box. Why is that? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"text": [
"The choosing pictures isn't really to check if you're a robot, it instead helps with gathering masses of data for self driving vehicles. Whether you are a human was already decided in the background, depending on a lot of different factors ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
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mshkr9 | How do hackers find holes? | When I see black hats exploiting gaps in security, I have to wonder, how the hell did someone find this? Is there an algorithm? I would think the white hats would have the algorithms too? Even in video games, how do they find such obscure holes in professional programming? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"gusncle",
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"text": [
"\"Professional programmers\" make mistakes all the time, because there is far more need for people who can code even fairly badly than there are people who are good at it. Companies will sometimes spend tens of thousands of dollars in sourcing costs to fi... | [
"url"
] | [
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mskiqa | How do reflections work in last gen games? I know it’s not ray tracing but how do they work? | For example in last of us 2, there are times you can be in front of a mirror and all your movements are reflected perfectly, no matter what you do. And the scenery in the background moves the same way the scenery in the mirror does. While I know this isn’t ray tracing, what is it? How does it work? How is it different ... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"text": [
"You can render what the camera would see if it where behind the mirror, in another pass. This is one way things were done in older games, often times at a much lower resolution.",
"In older games they literally just put a duplicate play... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
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mslt5a | How do commercial fishers know what they are going to catch? | They will seek out huge loads of one species and throw out the rest... but how do they hunt and track specific species? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gutj9uy",
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"text": [
"Location, depth, bait, tools. Certain fish are only in certain locations, so to fish a specific fish you must be in a specific location, this isn't necessarily the difference of Alaska vs Florida, but can be location where a certain environment or phenome... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
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mss9dc | Why does audio sound acute when it's sped up and deep when it's slowed down? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"guuxbow",
"guv0aun"
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"text": [
"What makes a tone sound high pitched or low pitched is its frequency; the space between each sound wave. When you play back some audio at a higher rate, it winds up making the sound outputted have less space between each wave, thereby making it sound high... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
mt1dkq | What causes a bug in software? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"Writing a computer program requires a high level of precision, basically to the point of perfection. A bug is an error in the programming code. Think of it like a pothole or crack in the road. The bigger it is, the sooner you will notice it and the more damage/disruptio... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
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mt2yn6 | Why does rubbing alcohol not damage electronics but water does? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"text": [
"Rubbing alcohol (isopropyl) doesn't conduct electricity. It doesn't complete an electrical circuit and it doesn't cause iron to oxidize (rust). Water does. Edit: Pure water doesn't conduct electr... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
mt45af | How come we still have so many cables above ground? | When I travel around my city and regional areas, I’m struck by how, in our high tech age, we still have so many old fashioned-seeming wires and cables, many in the air and suspended up wooden poles (I get that wooden is probably safer than metal!). Can they not all go underground? Is it a cost or knowledge thing? Will ... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"guxec8a"
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"text": [
"some places have unstable ground, places with earth quakes for example. Its is easier to find and fix broken cables if you can see them. Another part is money, why bury them if they are doing just fine where they are"
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mt6gqv | - What is the difference between a HDD and SDD (in terms of computers) | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"guxv6ai"
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"text": [
"HDD's are like merry go rounds. You have to wait until an empty spot for you to put data in. And once data is in, you need to wait for the circle to come all the way around again to take it out. SSD's are like boxes. You put you data in and then put it on a shelf. When ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
mtdttx | Why has RAM storage not paced with long term storage? | Long term storage capacities, at least for consumers, are easily accessible at 2T with phones routinely coming with 256G base. However, RAM is only seen in 1/2/4G configs. Yes some phones are offering 8 and 16 but that's abnormal. Anyway, why do we not see 256G RAM cards? Is it a manufacturing thing? Obviously, it's no... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"text": [
"Ram has increased at a similar rate, but it has always been below storage. Ram is more expensive because it needs to be faster.",
"You seem to be talking phones in particular. On the desktop market you can get 256GB sticks of RAM. That'... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
mtf94z | How come my phone has 5 bars but no service? What are the bars actually measuring if not service strength? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"text": [
"You're probably outside range of your own phone provider's towers and are connected to a different provider's towers. The signal strength is good, but you don't get phone service from them. The reason this works is even if you don't have se... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
mth3p1 | How do forehead thermometers measure your internal temperature? Wouldn't it just give the temperature of the surface of your skin? | We have forehead thermometers at work now, and I'm curious how the thermometer measures your internal temp? If I have a fever, but it's 10° outside and my face is frozen, wouldn't that affect the reading? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"text": [
"Your forehead is a spot where the flesh on top of the bone is very thin. Lots of little blood vessels(capillaries) in that area as well, so generally your skin temp on your forehead is really close to your overall blood temp.",
"Well. This is a proble... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
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mth8g3 | How are things like google earth and google maps etc even possible? | It must be a crazy amount of data, how does google earth even work? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"guznbw4",
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"text": [
"Google maps actually uses mobile 360 degree cameras mounted on cars driving around for most of its streetviews, with satellite overviews. Google has massive server farms:data centers that process images as they are received.",
"A lot of satellites tak... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
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mtj6by | How are DOGE coins made? And at which rate? | I see a lot of conflicting opinions about the 'infinite' number of DOGE coins. If I understand correctly, there are currently around 130 billion DOGE coins and there are 10.000 coins created with every 'block'. But what is a block? And are there more blocks being created if more people buy and sell the coins? If there ... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"text": [
"Coins such as DOGE alter the mining difficulty in order to target a set average interval between new blocks (groups of transactions being added to the history of transactions). For this coin specifically, new blocks are added approximately one a minute on... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
mtsjpw | Windows XP Japanese is faster than the English version of Windows XP | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"gv1mh64",
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"text": [
"> My friend reformatted his old laptop It is far more likely to do with the reformatted laptop than the switch of language.",
"Because of VTEC! JK looks like it’s because he reformatted the laptop removing clutter and gives him a blank slate to work w... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
mtvvau | What does it mean, exactly, when people say ‘once you put something on the internet it’s there forever’? | I’m 21 and know quite a bit about technology. However i’ve always been curious as to what people exactly mean when they say ‘once you put something on the internet it’s there forever’ My first thought is that billions of people are able to screenshot and save your post, even if you delete it. But I’m sure there’s more ... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"text": [
"You pretty much hit the nail on the head. If you put something online, even if you delete it later, there is no way of knowing who saved it and when it might resurface.",
"Besides the other answers referring to screenshotting, there is also the possib... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
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mu2y5n | why are weapons such as rifles and machine guns still used in war given how overpowering modern tanks, aircraft and artillery are (referring specifically to conventional war not guerrilla war)? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gv3a190"
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"text": [
"Boots on the ground win the war. A tank can't clear a building, an aircraft can't run positive PR with civilians, and both are a hell of a lot more expensive to buy and maintain than a SAW. This equipment all also needs infantry support and cover, a rifleman can bring t... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
mu91gq | How is it possible to control machines from Earth on other planets? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gv4d2d5",
"gv4d6wk"
],
"text": [
"Radio. Just like you can control a remote car with a radio antenna, so you can control a satellite in orbit, or a rover on Mars. The distance will determine the lag (even radio waves have a speed limit, that of light).",
"It is 99% pre-programmed cont... | [
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] | [
"url"
] | |
muav0o | Why were old battles fought with soldiers lined up across from one another? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"text": [
"It's going to depend not the era, but many ancient armies were built to fight in one direction. This could be the Greek phalanxes with their long spears and pikes all pointing in a direction, or the Romans with their shields interlocked for... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
mug73j | How is autonomous driving programmed to handle unexpected road hazards? | I drive full time for a living, and I've observed a wide variety of hazards and inclement conditions that lead me to wonder how self driving resolves such hazards. Just half an hour ago (I'm pulled over now in a safe place writing this post) I was on a narrow 2-lane road, 50 mph speed limit, with no sidewalk and nowher... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"gv5po3x",
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"text": [
"Frankly, they can't do most of these things, and fully autonomous driving with no human input is still in the unforeseeable future.",
"I thought of a few more questions. Regarding hazards, can the AI system tell what's safe to hit and what is not? IE,... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
muguya | Why is not charging a laptop to it's full capacity if you run it on power often better for it's battery than charging to 100%? | I have these [battery settings in MSI Dragon Center]( URL_0 ). I mainly want to know why this is the case. Followup, is this true for phones? Yes, I'm a programmer. Yes I see the irony in the fact that I do not know this already. The laughter is assumed and understandable. | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"gv5ry9g"
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"text": [
"Lithium batteries don't like to be charged to 100%. What's happening is the positive and negative sides of the battery are separated by a thin insulator to keep it from short-circuiting. But the higher the voltage, the more electrons want to jump across the insulator --... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
mun8we | How do video game cheat codes work, and why are games made with the possibility to use them? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"text": [
"Sometimes they are created so testers can test out the games to check how they run without having to go back to the beginning each time etc. At other times they are ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
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muxzui | How do animators match a character's mouth animation to a voice actor's speech? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gv8knmk"
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"text": [
"They mostly don't, it's been basically figured out that there is some pretty simple tricks to animating mouths. Like they match a small list of sounds so those match then people basically will ignore anything else. So you just make a round mouth on like \"ooh\" sounds t... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
muz9pb | How does youtube know exactly what you want, even if you type in something that's not even close to the title, but merely describing the video? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gv8si5y",
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"text": [
"Content uploaders can mark their videos with meta tags so I am sure those combined with algorithms get the job done.",
"Basically, the youtube ai can watch videos and detect certain things in it, it doesn't just look at the title. Then when it finds t... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
mv25cb | How do people browse websites on TV and in movies? | Hi, When people on TV shows and in movies do fake Google searches or go to phony websites, how does the actual browsing happen? Thanks for your help! | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gv9bhez"
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"text": [
"TV shows and movies often have \"mocked\" software: it's usually a real phone/PC, but they hire an app developer to write a custom app that pretends to do whatever is called for in the script. The app is just displaying pre-created images, not actually browsing."
],
... | [
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] | [
"url"
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mv6r1y | Why does SSD storage load much faster than HDD storage? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gva6s5f",
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"gva6kid"
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"text": [
"Solid state drives have no moving parts. It's pure voltage through circuits instantaneously. Hard disk drives have moving parts, data is stored in different places, and the action of the moving arm to read each individual part of the drive ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
mv9uql | Why do photographs when emailed from a iPhone to a computer come out sideways many times? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gvaq816",
"gvbaflx"
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"text": [
"The answer is metadata. As with all tech, companies doesnt agree on a single thing to store data. Sometimes the photos metadata arent compatible to software in a computer used to display it.",
"phones have a little thing inside that tells the phone if... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
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mv9uqn | What megapixel were analog cameras and how is it different to digital? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"gvar0xf",
"gvaq2i5"
],
"text": [
"Traditional film cameras don't have pixels, they have film grain. The film is coated in a chemical mixture which is sensitive to light such that it will change when exposed to light passing through the camera lens, and then can be further chemically proce... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
mve38u | why do some apps give you gift cards just for scanning receipts? | I know there are different apps or websites that give you “points” for just scanning your receipts from other stores, and you can redeem points for different rewards like gift cards. What is the website gaining from this? It always seems too good to be true because I don’t know how they’re making a profit. | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gvbcvvu",
"gvbbljt",
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],
"text": [
"A good rule of thumb is that if a company is giving you a free product, you are the product. They're getting information on what someone of your profile (age, gender, income, background, location) tends to purchase. Compiled with everyone e... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
mve4gd | How do phones keep track off time while off and without internet connection? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"gvbbtwa",
"gvbcai4"
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"text": [
"Even when your phone is off, there is still a very small circuit that is powered. This circuit, among other critical things, is keeping track of the current time. It consumes very little power, so it doesn't drain the battery. Even when the battery says i... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
mw0v98 | why/how did coaxial cable become the standard for radio to antenna interface? | Just wondering how and why it became such a ubiquitously good choice. I'm assuming because the copper cable offers the least resistance and reduces signal loss. There seems, at least to me, to be no have real improvements to this and am curious to know why. Or if there are indeed newer and better performing interfaces. | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gvfj0nb",
"gvfjzmz",
"gvfg84k"
],
"text": [
"You know how an antenna (or \"aerial\", in case your British) is just a metal rod or even just a piece of wire? Now, any antenna can not only receive radio waves but can also send them: if you feed a pass a radio signal as electric current ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
mw6ykm | Why can't a browser just stop and resume downloads later, like a torrent can? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"gvgiee1",
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"text": [
"Most websites send you files by pointing your internet browser to their warehouse address and say \"Come pick up your package whenever you want it\" but your computer still has to do the work and go \"pick it up\" itself. You can't compartm... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
mw7h3k | () Why do some photos under a microscope rotate back and forth and why are some still shots? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gvgr8zi"
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"text": [
"Hey, I am a scientist and microscopy expert. I'm not sure what you are referring to, do you have an example?"
],
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mw8m07 | How did they code the first computer without a computer? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"text": [
"By hand, with switches and wires. You literally use switches to specify binary codes in machine code (the binary commands that the processor understands) and load those directly into memory, one memory position at a time, by manually specif... | [
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] | [
"url"
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mwfb4u | How does an SSL certificate work | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"text": [
"Encryption is a pretty deep topic, but here’s the rough shape: An SSL certificate has two halves. A private key kept private, and a public key that is shared. If something is “locked” with the public key, it can only be unlocked with the private key, and vice versa. So ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
mwlkxa | How does auto focus in digital cameras and mobile cameras work? How does the program know what it is focusing on and how far the object is and whether it is focusing correctly? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gviwznn",
"gvizlqh",
"gvjux6i",
"gvjbo10"
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"text": [
"Kind of like a trial and error. If the image is too blurry, it will auto-adjust to focus at a further or closer distance, if the image sharpens, and the pixel data from the image becomes more complex (sharpens) than a blurr, ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
mwpcnb | Why is uninstalling so much faster than installing something? | The same amount of data is getting added or removed from your system each time I think, so why is removing it so much faster? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gvjgp19",
"gvjhfpa",
"gvji15g"
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"text": [
"Because you don't actually delete anything. Data bits aren't overwritten, only the section is declared empty to be overwritten when a new files is saved",
"Data isn't physically deleted, it's just marked to say it can be written over. I... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
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mwpcuy | Why is it so hard for a camera lens to capture the depth and the quality as seen with a naked eye? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
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"gvjjepn",
"gvjno7q"
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"text": [
"The simple answer is that it is just as hard for the eye. Our eyes also have depth of field issues, but we constantly shift the point of focus. Rather than thinking if the eye as taking a photo think of it more like a video c... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
mwspa8 | How does the weighing scale measure body fat? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gvjxpt2"
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"text": [
"By sending a small electric current trough your body. Manufacturer will pretend it will encounter a difference resistance whether it encounter fat, bones or muscles, which is true, but not accurate at all. Truth is, it simply doesn't work and is just marketing"
],
"... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
mwtvfc | How does Nvidia DLSS work? | I understand its some sort of AI/network but I don't get how just turning that on for a supported video game give me extra frames. | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"gvk7e1s"
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"text": [
"It renders the game at a low resolution and then upscales it to a higher one, in a way that is much less demanding than rendering the game at a high resolution to begin with. The trick is that they upscale it now using a standard image-scaling algorithm, like we've been... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
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mwuj76 | why are some programming languages faster than others? | For instance python is slow and c++ is fast. Why is that? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"text": [
"In the specific instance you cited, python is a \"scripting language\" which means that it gets read and executed (interpreted into machine language) line-by-line each time it runs. C is a compiled language, which means it ge... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
mx82ve | How computer really work? because for me, its like a magic! please | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gvmjwq4",
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"text": [
"This isn't really an ELI5 questions. This is more like the subject material of two college courses.",
"You know how when you want to store the number 13, you write the digits 1 and 3 next to each other on a piece of paper? Well the computer does the s... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
mxcupf | Why does slowing down audio sometimes deepen voices, but sometimes not? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"gvnfth3"
],
"text": [
"Sound being deep or high pitched is based on the frequency of the sound. When you slow down a recording it basically also slows down the frequency of the waves that make the sound and so it gets deeper. I have never experienced a situation where slowing down a recording... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
mxgzrw | how do devices that use batteries, like phones, know the percentage of the charge remaining? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"text": [
"Hi :-) TL;DR: A full battery has more volts than an empty one. So for example, 4.2v=100%, 3v=0%. But it's not linear. & nbsp; Voltage of a battery drops when discharged over time. Some phone apps (or programs for your laptop)... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
mxk3vz | In a F-14 Tomcat, what does "Goose" do? | In the movie *Top Gun* we see pilot Maverick with his offsider Goose. The F-14 clearly needs a second man; but the A-4 does not, nor does the ~~Mig-28~~ *F-5E.* The F-15 and F-18 comes in both one and two man variants, but I don't think I've seen a two man F-16. Modern MiG's and Sukhoi's seem to be one man fighters. | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"gvp4ned",
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"text": [
"The aft seat in a Tomcat is for the Radar Intercept Officer. They're responsible for communications such as satellite linkage etc., and jamming enemy radar as well as operating their own radar. They may also handle the weapon... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
mxrq37 | Are the high-quality streams of a live sports broadcast recorded and stored somewhere? | I was watching a soccer match and this struck me: is the live high-quality broadcast stored anywhere or is it just streamed? I suppose it needs to be stored somewhere to make highlight reels, but wouldn't this storage take up TBs of space and therefore not be economical? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gvqsv9w",
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"text": [
"Most broadcast networks save everything. Yes, it's TBs of space but compared to the budget required to make the broadcast in the first place a stack of TB storage drives, especially at scale, is peanuts. It would be certainly be less than 1% of the overal... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
my6zzk | The whole Pentagon selling dormant IP addresses thing | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"gvt80bi",
"gvtguro",
"gvt9lo9"
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"text": [
"A LOT of info is still missing about this incident but you can think of it this way: Yesterday it *appeared* that the DoD gave a MASSIVE (like 5% of all IP addresses) amount of digital real estate to a “company” that basically has no known ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
my84es | Internet of Things Security Weakness | So I recently read that a thermometer in a fish tank caused a network security vulnerability because it was connected to the IoT. Why? How can it be that something like a smart appliance is a gateway back to more sensitive areas of the network? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"gvtfcf7",
"gvtjs5w"
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"text": [
"Your device connects to your network, and in the process receives its own address on that network – a private IP which is only accessible to other devices on your network only. So your computer can send things to your IoT device if they're on the same net... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
my9i28 | Why do movie theaters still use projectors? | They aren't shooting movies on reels, movies are edited digitally, so wouldn't a cable display to a large screen provide a better resolution? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"text": [
"No, Projectors can be just as high resolution as Screens. Also, sitting from far away the resolution doesnt matter as much as you would think. Making a screen that l... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
mya3vi | How does Bluetooth work? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"gvtt7fp",
"gvtsu14",
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"text": [
"At the very basic level, Bluetooth is using high frequency radio waves. Perhaps surprisingly, it's using much the same frequency of radio waves as the typical microwave oven uses. But Bluetooth uses so little power, it can't heat anything u... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
myfozi | Why can't we make a storage that can perform all the tasks RAM does while being used as a disk drive as well? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"gvunxq8",
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"gvuprxx",
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"text": [
"We can. You can buy several terabytes of RAM and there are (server and workstation) CPUs and motherboards that can use them. Just make sure it never has a power interruption. It also costs several thousand doll... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
myhwg1 | - The new flip phones | So the new phones that literally fold the screen in half. Doesn’t look like they have a clear line to separate the two sides - how does it work? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gvuzh9j"
],
"text": [
"Plastic screens instead of glass, and flexible P-OLED displays that can be bent during use (and also happen to be really expensive)"
],
"score": [
5
],
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} | [
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mywhsb | How exactly were cave paintings made and how have they stayed in relatively good condition for tens of thousands of years until our time? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gvx8qci",
"gvx8jdq",
"gvx8p1o"
],
"text": [
"For starters, we wouldn't know of cave paintings that *didn't* make it to modern times. If a cave sweats enough to wash away the paint or some other phenomenon happens that erases the paintings we would never know a specific cave ever had a... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
myzvxg | How does GoogleTranslate turn random gibberish into anything? different? | Most people have tried this, I would think, but if you go into Google Translate and select Detect Language, then type in some random stuff like “aiaiaiaiaisiaiaiaiaiai” most of the time it’ll come up with something. That doesn’t make that much sense to me, seeing as I would expect it to just be reading from a table of ... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gvxsv5l",
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"text": [
"> I would expect it to just be reading from a table of known words and translating directly for each of them Most languages do not translate perfectly into another language. It isn't a matter of \"word a\" translates into \"word b\". This is why you can p... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
mz21sk | How does long exposure photography works? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gvy5hm8"
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"text": [
"The shutter inside the camera is simply held open for a longer time than normal, which is around one 60th of a second. The long the shutter is open, the more light that is allowed in, especially good for taking pictures in dark areas, or of the night sky. The downside i... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
mz35jq | Why do coin batteries seemingly die, then after a days rest return with renewed vigour? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gvyjlp8"
],
"text": [
"Battery voltage depends on how much load is being placed on the battery. One that's 3.0V at rest will fall to, say, 2.9V with a light load. Under a heavy load, it might fall to 1.5V. The reason is there is a rate limit to how fast the chemical energy can be converted to... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
mz72yn | Ive looked it up but i still don’t get it, what exactly is an NFT? Why do people pay so much for some? What does it have to do with crypto? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gvyzwmx"
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"text": [
"It’s a non fungible token. Fungibility is when things are exchangeable and nothing is different. For example my one dollar bill is the same as all other dollar bills. Non fungible means this token is not the same as another token. People pay so much for some because eit... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
mzb6vs | How/why do magnets mess up electronics? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"gvzode0",
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"gw0q8fx"
],
"text": [
"Electrical currents produce magnetic fields and magnetic fields can produce electrical currents. Electronics depend depend on precise states of electrical components to operate correctly. Strong enough magnetic fields can interfere with tha... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
mzcov8 | why aren’t all online video games cross play? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gw00u4y"
],
"text": [
"Because the console manufacturers don't want it. Thats really about it. Sony has been particularly oppositional to any sort of cross play for the most part."
],
"score": [
17
],
"text_urls": [
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} | [
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mzi8z5 | What is NFT ? Why is it buzzing all of a sudden ? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gw0wnmj"
],
"text": [
"NFTs are a digital title that declares you the owner of of a digital asset. The asset can be anything from art, music, nba cards, video game items etc. The reason why it’s getting popular is because it introduces scarcity to digital assets, which has driven prices up fo... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
mzic8q | How does using contactless debit cards reduce fraud? {Please read below} | In my ICT class, my teacher said that using contactless debit cards reduces fraud as less money is taken out (less money taken out because contactless cards have a limit, for example: $50, every time you withdraw). She said that, because of that limit, if someone wants to withdraw $150, they have to withdraw 3 times if... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gw0wwbd"
],
"text": [
"It may be different in other countries but in the UK you can't directly get money with contactless. It's only used when purchasing goods. In your example the thief could go buy something that's $50 but they couldn't get something that's $150. If the purchase amount is o... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
mzihuu | how does noise cancelling headphones actually work? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gw0wk14",
"gw0wxyn"
],
"text": [
"Sound travels as waves, and those have a shape that dictates what sound you actually hear. Simply put it has properties called *frequency* which controls the pitch and tone, and *amplitude* which controls the volume. If the total wave reaching your ears h... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
mzjguz | How does a Computer know, how long a second lasts? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gw10z4i",
"gw13njs"
],
"text": [
"The computer (and every digital watch/clock) has a [crystal oscillator]( URL_0 ), a tiny crystal that vibrates at a constant rate when electricity flows through it. By counting the vibration and dividing by the number of vibrations per second (which is a ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
mzl4n8 | how do the cameras work that can see through clothing? | I recently found out that these cameras exist and I'm curious how that works. I understand how X Ray imaging works and how MRI works but I don't understand how you could see through clothing with a camera (and do they really show a naked body or just the shape of your body?). If someone could help explain it to me that... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gw18snr",
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],
"text": [
"The ones I've seen use infrared. The wavelength penetrates your clothes (which are uniformly dense) and hit your skin. Different areas of skin will reflect the wavelength differently so it's possible to get a rough image of what's below the clothing",
... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
mzq366 | why do clocks both tick and tock? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"text": [
"The mechanism inside mechanical clocks the regulates their speed (and hence time) is called an “escapement”. There are many designs but they all have a common design... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
mzu7h2 | Can someone explain an Existential Forgery Attack against RSA Digital Signature? | Hi everyone! I am in cryptography class and I'm having a hard time understanding the Existential Forgery Attack and the textbook isn't helping either. Can anyone explain it to me? I appreciate any help or examples you can give me! | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"gw2y5jj"
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"text": [
"The attack is just a means of producing something with a technically valid signature. However what that \"something\" is, well, it is essentially garbage most of the time because you're forcibly constructing something with a valid signature out of parts with valid signa... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
mzxqvy | How do 3D printers work? And what are their limitations? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"gw3f19d",
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"text": [
"3D printers are conceptually relatively simple. First, you have an arm, that using a mix of gears, belts, or pulleys. Is able to be programmed to move forward, backwards, left, right, up, and down. How big you can 3D print something is determined by how l... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
mzyq1o | what is a lumen and are higher numbers good or bad to look for in a flashlight? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gw3mryx",
"gw3jgtd",
"gw3jppv"
],
"text": [
"Lumens is *not* the same as intensity. Lumens measures the total light output. Some flashlights are like floodlights: they spread their light widely and evenly so there is no bright \"hotspot\" right in the middle. This illuminates a wide a... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
n03d4z | Why is plastic easy to tear at some angles but virtually impossible at others? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gw4d8en"
],
"text": [
"During the production process the polymer chains can be aligned in certain directions. If you're tearing parallel to the chains it'll be a lot easier than against them. Same reason it's easier to tear paper (and toilet paper) in certain directions, basically."
],
"s... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
n08ckt | Why do fuzzy radio signals become a lot clearer when stand in front of or grab the end of the antenna in you hand? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gw575hy",
"gw5dsgf"
],
"text": [
"While standing near the radio you are messing with something called multipath fading. Radio signals bounce, they bounce around inside your room, off walls etc. These Various reflections combine at the receiver, and depending on their phase the result can ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
n0ejxo | Why do airtags need to be special Bluetooth tags to track instead of smartphones tracking any Bluetooth device? | With airtags on iPhones and smart tags for Android becoming common now for tracking objects I don't understand why they need to be attached to electronics. Why can't I track my headphones, smart watch and other Bluetooth things through the same tracking apps? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gw65d18"
],
"text": [
"Some of the features on the AirTag have been around on different devices for a long time. Things like activating a sound, blinking a light or showing the name and phone number of the owner. They are usually not killer features of things so they are not included unless i... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
n0fqnh | Why is there no video quality setting for the 500-600 range? | So we all know 144p, 240p, 360p, 480p, 720p, and 1080p. But why is there no setting for something like 550p? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gw6bu4s",
"gw6jw0j"
],
"text": [
"You will notice that these go up roughly (in most cases exactly) in a 1:1.5 ratio. In other words each jump improves horizontal resolution by 50% So an extra resolution between 480 and 720 would be an anomaly.",
"PAL DVD video is at 576i or 576p and s... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
n0gid6 | How do bank phishing scams actually work? | A friend of mine recently got scammed by a bank phishing link sent to her phone. She made the mistake of clicking on the link (it was a fake message saying someone had made a transaction and to click the link if it wasn't her) and next thing she knew, $5k was taken from her bank account. She didn't enter any details at... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gw6fzpx",
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],
"text": [
"I think it depends if she has connected any electronic fund transfer systems to it, eg. Apple Pay, pay pal and cash app",
"I've seen many that will create a fake \"login\" page, and use any information entered in an attempt to gain control of the vict... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
n0xjph | How does the phone compass even work? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gw9jl9p"
],
"text": [
"Phones have a small sensor called a \"magnetometer\". When coupled with the phone's accelerometer, the magnetometer can sense the Earth's magnetic field and tell you which way north is, no matter which way the phone is facing. Of course, this isn't enough for scientific... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
n0xt4q | How do conferencing programs like Zoom handle so many different screens so quickly, when sometimes single videos in other apps lag? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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],
"text": [
"You're not directly connecting to 9 other people, like 9 different peer-to-peer connections. Everyone has one connection to Zoom's cent... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
n0zlqc | How do peers and leechers in pirating on Utorrent work? Do any other site use them? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gw9w16a",
"gwa4vro"
],
"text": [
"If you've copied someones homework at school, you are now also a point that someone else can copy homework from, as long as everyone who copies the homework copies it identically (this is done by hashing a torrent's content and checking it against the sou... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
n1aypo | How early Morse code telegraphs transmitted eletric pulse to that specific sound? | What is the mechanics behind it? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gwbur9a",
"gwbvtpd",
"gwbzetn"
],
"text": [
"The electrical pulse energizes a solenoid (basically a coil of wire) with a piece of metal inside. This causes the iron to be temporarily magnetized (called an electromagnet). This magnet draws another piece of metal to it (that has a sprin... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
n1b7hh | How exactly does software decay work? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gwc5dnk"
],
"text": [
"Software doesn't really \"decay\". If you don't touch it, it won't change ever. What can change is the environment in which the software is operating. Say a software for doing tax declarations will slowly become ever more obsolete as laws and regulations change. Left un... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
n1bidl | How do they do "age progression" with photos? What do they base their predictions on? | I'm talking in general, like when you see age progression done to old photos of missing persons. Is it some kind of AI stuff? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gwc8o0p"
],
"text": [
"Faces age in pretty predictable ways. Things like noses and ears grow at certain rates. Fat sits differently with age, stops being in the cheeks for example. Gender differences start to show after puberty, wider jaw for boys and so on. They can take a picture, put marke... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
n1cfvv | What is ray-tracing and how does it work? | I keep seeing stuff about ray-tracing but when I look it up I don't under what I am reading. | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gwc6p23"
],
"text": [
"In computer-generated graphics, one of the tricky bits is to simulate lighting. To keep rendering fast, early game graphics would make general assumptions like \"light comes from here\" then brighten or darken textures depending on how directly they faced a light source... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
n1d6tu | How does ray tracing work? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gwces6g",
"gwcexpm",
"gwcdpeo"
],
"text": [
"Former game developer here, So you have 3D points, 3 points make a triangle (polygon) in 3D space - the smallest primitive object you can make. Everything can break down into terms of triangles. The surface of that triangle also so happens ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
n1mosa | why are certain site domains considered more reputable/credible than others? As in, why is a .gov or .org website safer to trust than a .com? Couldn’t a team of hackers manipulate info on those sites as well? Couldn’t those sites also be taken down? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gwe2bx3",
"gwe2ja8",
"gwe2qbp"
],
"text": [
"To my understanding, The US government has a large amount of control over the issuance of \".gov\" domains, since they only want those being used by actually governmental entities. .org/.net domains don't have any restrictions on issuance, ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
n1sasi | Why can't compressed oxygen be transported to india on planes, only on roads and trains? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"gwf2bd0",
"gwf2xkr",
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"gwf15le",
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"text": [
"Containers filled with oxygen are generally not transported on board aircrafts as they are considered combustible and may pose a risk to the planes. Oxygen behaves differently to nitrogen and other inert gases.... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
n1u7i6 | after Michael Collins had dropped the others off and was orbiting the moon, how did Buzz and Neil get picked up again into Columbia? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gwfdx3j",
"gwfbgyg",
"gwfbzco"
],
"text": [
"This was actually a serious problem and one of the main issues that the Gemini progarm was designed to test out. How can two spacecraft join up in orbit. It was actually such a dificult problem that they considered landing the entire spacec... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
n1v1t6 | Why are 3D printers not commonly used in large scale manufacturing? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gwfgzoj",
"gwfgxgu",
"gwfhowp",
"gwfhjse"
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"text": [
"3D printers are great for making one of something. If you want to make 1,000 other methods such as injection molding are much faster options.",
"Too expensive. If you're going to mass produce say, happy meal toys, why do ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
n207i4 | How does a DVD work? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gwgezr3"
],
"text": [
"Imagine that you were trying to tell someone over the phone how to draw a picture. You'd have to describe what you wanted in detail, in a way that they'd understand. You would make instructions and the person on the other side would follow them. That's roughly how a DVD... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
n21mu7 | How those anti-counterfeiting stickers work? | Isn't it true that everyone can create those stickers? I mean like these [ URL_0 ]( URL_0 ) | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gwgpttt"
],
"text": [
"These types of stickers is designed so that they are quite hard to make yourself. You can not just print them out on a printer but they need to be printed on a press with a very expensive type of die with specific microgroves in them to make the exact fine texture that ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
n23fbi | .avi vs .mkv | I noticed recently that if I can just rename an .avi file to be .mkv instead it runs fine... can someone explain to me why this works and what the difference between .avi and .mkv is? Is it a bad idea to rename my .avi files to be .mkv? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gwgz2rn",
"gwh04ci",
"gwhjezf",
"gwh04l9"
],
"text": [
"So... you have to understand that avi and mkv are _container_ files... and avi is a proprietary Microsoft standard while MKV is an open one (and its slightly more flexible). Basically every container file contains a video str... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
n253w0 | why does a movie filmed in 24 fps look totally fine but a game running at 24 fps look awful? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gwhbbg5",
"gwhalgt"
],
"text": [
"Partly it's the fact that you're accustomed to higher framerates in games than in movies, and in a lot of action games, those tiny fractions of a second really do matter. Probably the major reason, though, is motion blur. Video game rendering generally sh... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
n2iyoc | how does an engine brake work? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gwjjyvj",
"gwjjy8g"
],
"text": [
"A normal diesel engine works by sucking in air, compressing it, adding fuel, which burns and expands - producing power, and then expelling the exhausts gases. If you stop adding fuel, it takes energy to compress the air, but you get 99% of that energy bac... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
n2jie0 | Why does 50% volume on video and music players not sound half as loud as 100% volume? | Usually if a video is too loud, 75% sounds almost the same as 100% and only at around 30% there is a noticeable difference in volume. | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gwjqdxu",
"gwk5v8u"
],
"text": [
"Human hearing is complex. For something to be perceived as twice as loud, it needs to be 10 dB louder, which is 10x power. But to be 4x louder, it's 20 dB louder which is 100 times as much power. So it really depends how the player has implemented it's vo... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
n2l5qi | How are video game AIs programmed? Is it a just a long series of "If Then" statements? Why are some AIs good and others terrible? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"gwke8x8",
"gwjyad3",
"gwk5afw"
],
"text": [
"While the other comments are true and most games do operate off shifting \"states\" and such, there's one more advanced technique that some games use called \"Goal-Oriented Action Planning\", or GOAP. In GOAP, AI consists of two things: thi... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
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