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d1soi2
What is a mirror bot, and why does it make the first comment on so many posts?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "ezpp2r4" ], "text": [ "Oftentimes people will post things via websites that aren't set up to handle a lot of traffic, or the content is somewhere that will likely be hit with a DMCA takedown notice. MirrorBots upload the content to another service that can handle the 'reddit hug of death' lev...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d1tf4v
Why aren’t commercial airplanes faster? Why don’t we use supersonic passenger planes like the Concorde?
It amazes me that we have the technology to produce and fly supersonic commercial planes (I.e. The Concorde, that has been around since the 1970’s) but still don’t use them today. Pls help me understand the reasoning behind this.
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "ezpsnzq", "ezpteuu", "ezptdwx", "ezpsra1", "ezq9466", "ezqdgs5" ], "text": [ "Poor fuel efficiency. Drag increases dramatically when you cross the sound barrier and that means a ton more fuel. That in turn means much more expensive airline seats. If you could save 1 hour o...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d1tt2f
How do broken electronics flash a light warning they are not working?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "ezpvwgk", "ezpwnnb" ], "text": [ "If the traffic lights completely lose power they will be off (i.e. not flashing but completely dark) & #x200B; The flashing is a \"fail-safe\" function that is built into the light that activates when it loses touch with the control system - it's usually ...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d1uikj
What exactly makes newer games magnitudes more difficult to run than older ones
Why can I play Quake on a laptop and get nearly a thousand frames/second, but if I try to play CS:GO I can bearly reach 70. I don't quite understand why CS is at least 14 times more difficult for the CPU than Quake, when the fundimental idea is basically the same.
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "ezq0tda", "ezq188p" ], "text": [ "New computer technology - both hardware and software - creates more complex games with coding to take advantage of the new features offered by such technology. That additional coding is part of what makes the games more resource-intensive. Also, the graph...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d1vj57
- How the IC 555 timer works ?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "ezqcd9y" ], "text": [ "There are two threshold voltages, the chip turns the output on until one of those voltages is reached, then it turns the output off until the other threshold is reached. [simulation]( URL_0" ], "score": [ 4 ], "text_urls": [ [ "http://www.falstad.c...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d201ou
Why do TV channels that are available for free with an over the air antenna (NBC, ABC, etc.) require a paid cable subscription to be watched on their app/website?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "ezroyuf" ], "text": [ "Costs way more to store that stuff and deliver it over the Internet than it does to broadcast the content weekly. And you’re paying for the convenience of getting it on demand. Example - I use a music site called beatport a lot. They recently announced that they’d be de...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d21lof
How are music videos lip synced when the video is shot in slow motion?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "ezs9n6x", "ezs7pfn", "ezscv59" ], "text": [ "Watch URL_0 - behind the scenes of Mariah Carey’s ‘Heartbreaker’ video. Brett Ratner (the director) and Mariah explain (with visual demonstration!) how they make her have the slow-motion movements but the lipsync still be on tempo with the ...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d21o22
How are still images created to look like they're moving?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "ezsa6nf" ], "text": [ "It’s because that the human eye isn’t perfect, and flashing something at ~24 still images a second tricks our brain into perceiving movement" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text_urls": [ [] ] }
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d23y7c
How does an HDMI, or any other cable work? How can they transfer visual data?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "ezsnchu" ], "text": [ "I cable is just a bunch of wires, some for power some for data. Think of it this way, one letter is a byte of data. Each byte is 8 bits. A bit is either on or off. Now you have a cable with 8 wires in it, each wire can have a tiny bit of electricity for on, or none for ...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d26dzh
Why do streams and downloads seem to speed on up until they get to 99 percent done the. Slow right down?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "ezszmhg", "ezt0l19", "ezt53gb", "ezt6msh", "ezt9eao", "ezt1sfb", "eztio46", "eztcq0p", "ezt8xiy" ], "text": [ "When the download is finished, the computer has to copy the retrieved file, and often pass the file off to the anti-virus for scanning. All of this ha...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d26l0r
How do individually addressable led strips work?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "ezt1cl2" ], "text": [ "These strips contain power traces, LEDs, control trace(s), and controllers. Most modern strips have the controller embedded inside the same case as the LEDs, DNS I'll refer to the combination of the LED emitters, and controller as the LED. Depending on which specific co...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d273fj
Even if no changes were made in the first place, why do Word/PowerPoint and similar software ask only sometimes if I wanted to save changes made?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "ezt5dm7" ], "text": [ "It's hard to answer this question generally, as it's kind of akin to asking why my car doesn't turn on, there are a myriad of possible causes that are consistent with the behavior. While I'm a developer, some of this is speculation, and just based on my own hunches. App...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d289zj
How do video game developers fix a games performance issues like glitches and stuttering and long loading screens in consoles?
I know through updates but what is the process of making the update to solve a performance issues
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "ezth26j" ], "text": [ "Software Development is often done under deadlines and often leads to quick solutions. Which works for 90% of the code anyways, and they want it done fast. They run simulations and profilers during the last month, and iron out the game for release. After initial release...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d2ae4d
Why does a phone call's "hold" music sound like shitting in a microphone when the voice audio is clear?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "eztnn9v" ], "text": [ "There are two factors at play. Firstly, telephone transmissions are optimized for voice, not music. The frequency range is limited to transmit the voice of humans clearly, but the high and low frequencies that are required for music to properly get trough are cut off. S...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d2gvmu
How international emergency call work without a SIM card?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "ezuyc5u", "ezurmdi" ], "text": [ "A Sim card doesn't connect you to the network. It tells the network how to bill your calls. What identifies you on the network is actually your IMEI number that's hard encoded in your phone.", "It’s part of the mobile phone standard that towers will a...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d2le8i
How did people wake up in the old time, when there were no alarms and stuffs?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "ezvjr7r", "ezvkm4r", "ezvjrsc", "ezvn00w", "ezvnfpw", "ezvm15o" ], "text": [ "The sun, first and foremost. Later, churches and Town Halls had bell towers exactly for this purpose - keeping collective time.", "There were also people called [knocker-uppers]( URL_0 ) who ...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d2mzt5
Why did primitive people start cooking food?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "ezvr45h", "ezvrbci", "ezvrt7k" ], "text": [ "Curious idiots will always mess around with something they don’t understand. And with the discovery of fire, some idiot probably threw their meat onto the flames and out of sheer curiosity, took a bite, and said, and I’m paraphrasing here, ...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d2o5gq
What is the difference between nfc and rfid?
Interested in student card duplication to phone, but apparently nfc reader from playstore couldn't read it.
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "ezvvfat", "ezvvxcy" ], "text": [ "NFC is a specialized subset within the family of RFID technology. NFC is designed to be a secure form of data exchange, and an NFC device is capable of being both an NFC reader and an NFC tag. RFID is the method of uniquely identifying items using radio w...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d2o6ba
why are smartphone companies (especially apple) adding like 3 didfrent cameras on thier phone. Is this really necesary, and does this increase the price by a lot? Because if it does I dont understand why its not better to buy a camera then add three cameras to a phone
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "ezvviyo", "ezvx31s" ], "text": [ "There is probably a demand from people who use their phone as everything and do not have a separate camera. Demand could also come from people using services like iCloud to back up their photos, and companies like Apple can see how much their camera is be...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d2p53z
How does a GPS work with ETA?
I noticed this the other day, I turned my Google Maps GPS on, put in destination. It told me the trip would take 9 hours. I drove ~8-10 over the speed limit, hit almost no traffic, it took a bit under 9 hours. How does it calculate time? I would have thought going 8 over the limit for 9 hours would have meant I would h...
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "ezw0dy7", "ezw0iiv", "ezwe76u", "ezw0ei3", "ezw24ll" ], "text": [ "It has all the data from all phones and cars using its service and knows exactly how long the average drive. Knows there are traffic jams based on peoples phone locatio and them getting tied up. It has been tra...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d2qrld
why do some automatic cars have a manual mode? What are the advantages and why is it there?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "ezw94w6", "ezwamtp", "ezw9jdt" ], "text": [ "It's useful for when you want to stay in a lower gear, like if driving through snow. It can also just be more fun, when I want to drive fast I tend to go into manual and make the gear changes at higher revs.", "You can take the revs hig...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d2t4c8
how exactly does a lie detector test work?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "ezwn5g9", "ezwr863" ], "text": [ "It doesn't work. Lie Detector Tests are pseudoscience. However, many people (erroneously) believe that LDTs work, so they refrain from lying even though the tests don't actually work the way people think they do. It's all a sham.", "A lie detector or ...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d2uamq
Forgive me if this has been asked before, but I’m relatively new to the sub. When a discount wireless company (straight talk, etc.) says they run on the same networks as the big carriers, is that true? If that is the case, why are they not more widely used? What’s the catch?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "ezwva6d", "ezxdi5n", "ezwzb4d", "ezxyuz3" ], "text": [ "They do. They are referred to as an MVNO (Mobile Virtual Network Operator). They buy bandwidth on the host network at wholesale, and resell it at lower margins than the parent company. Think of it this way... Your local mini-...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d2yzo5
how do vlans work? I always hear just put everything on a separate vlan for security but at my job we have hundreds of vlans but with rules so they can all talk to each other. What’s the point besides organization is there if they all can talk to each other?
So for example I’m on vlan 5 and another computer is on vlan 40 I can log into that machine remotely access all the same shares everything. Is there still security being on separate vlans or is it moot cause they all can talk to each other?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "ezxogym", "ezxnmg0", "ezy8y0a", "ezxt3be" ], "text": [ "VLANs are to logically separate traffic over a shared infrastructure. Before VLANs, if you had the same Ethernet segments in different floors, for example sales on floor five and seven, to have their Ethernet segment connecte...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d2yzow
how we detect water in the atmosphere of a planet 110 light years away.
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "ezxog5f", "ezxycsb" ], "text": [ "We use super-powerful telescopes that can look out into space in a wide range of spectrums of light. So when we start looking for potentially habitable planets, what we often start with is finding planets that are orbiting around a star in the \"Goldilock...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d30clg
What actually matters in computers and internet regarding speed and performance?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "ezxwz9q" ], "text": [ "Okay, imagine your computer like an office cubical. The CPU is the employee, the RAM is the surface of the desk, and the hard drive like filling cabinets. Some programs are like paper work with lots of pages so they take up more desk space, other programs are like harde...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d32325
How does hacking through WiFi really works? We know that data can be stolen but what are the hackers actually seeing on their screen that have access to our information?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "ezyfcqo", "ezy7dr4", "ezy702p", "ezz9m6b", "ezzaa56", "ezyf1j4", "ezy6x05", "ezzknys", "ezz5tg4", "ezzjrek", "f00mfz2" ], "text": [ "When you go to a website, you send a request to a server for information. For example, when you go to [ URL_5 ](https://...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d32svb
How do companies like Apple and Qualcomm continue to produce faster and more powerful chips year after year? Are engineers still making new discoveries in the industry or have we had this technology all along and are controlling the rate at which our technology improves?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "ezycsk7", "ezydbsm", "ezyft8g", "ezybhxi", "ezyc9rw", "ezyfiel", "ezybeui", "ezyf06w", "ezyc2jb", "ezyiliw" ], "text": [ "Apple and Qualcomm depend on the chip foundries like Intel and TSMC. They have engineers and physicists trying their best to fit more a...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d344it
Why the microphone I had lying around has a standard quarter inch jack instead of an XLR connector, and why it's recommended microphones use XLR as opposed to standard jacks. TY.
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "ezys0p3" ], "text": [ "this isn't 1/4” vs xlr, but 2-wire and 3-wire microphones. a 3 wire microphone is what is called ”balanced” and sends a differential signal. this is fancy talk for one wire being the normal mic signal, another being the normal mic ground, and the third being the inverse...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d37d5q
Roman Legionnaires used to throw a spear (the pilum) into the enemy prior to engaging them in melee combat. Why was this technique not used in centuries after?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "ezzuuhq", "f00vicw" ], "text": [ "It was used, but it's expensive. Rome had a solid government that was able to pull decent amount of resources from their population, but in medieval time, they didn't had that structure anymore. Kings didn't have the power to keep control over all their t...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d37dp6
How do people learn hacking, even though it’s kinda illegal? Where do they find information?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "ezzu8zq" ], "text": [ "The knowledge isn't illegal; using it to break into a system without authorization is. \"Without authorization\" is the key point here; penetration testing and ethical hacking are multi-million dollar industries, and proficient white-hat hackers can pull down staggering...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d3cvg2
How does calling 911 works from a cellphone?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f01lrbw" ], "text": [ "The phone signal used to connect the call bounces off the nearest cell signal tower and connects to the closest dispatch office." ], "score": [ 5 ], "text_urls": [ [] ] }
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d3flpf
How are new types of universal technology like USB/USB-C created and who makes them?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f02da7c", "f02goqi", "f02e8pk", "f034q4i", "f03gf5c", "f03fwbb", "f03i2q7", "f03xbo0", "f04c4tz", "f03keey", "f03lwhw" ], "text": [ "Since 1996, the USB Implementers Forum (USB-IF) has been developing the USB standards. It's an industry group, where com...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d3fucs
How do stealth airplanes/bombers work?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f02i341", "f02fe7j" ], "text": [ "The easiest way to understand this is to take a flashlight to a reflectorized stop sign at night (most places have these). Hold the flashlight by your head and shine your flashlight at the ground, you'll see a light spot in the darkness. Now shine it at t...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d3gsxs
How are alternate colors in old sprite-based games made?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f02ph2v", "f02osjt" ], "text": [ "Two-dimensional images in game data were often made up of two parts: part one is a grid-map which says color 1 goes in the top-left square and the square immediately to the right of that, color 2 goes in the next four squares to the right, etc. Part 2, th...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d3jv5j
How can satellites give us a steady weather picture of one place all the time if they orbit around the earth?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f0397gu", "f03a941", "f03akgm" ], "text": [ "I'm no expert, but a geocentric orbit is a thing, right? Satellite pretty much stays over one area.", "As others have said, but another term is geosynchronous orbit. It moves slightly in a figure 8 pattern to maintain position. I've wor...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d3jy6a
As algorithms and spambots are quickly catching up in terms of solving captchas. Why cant we simply create a whole new type of captcha instead of improving current one?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f03bkdd" ], "text": [ "While captcha was initially created to deter bots, it has been re-purposed to do something more useful as well. For instance, until a couple of years ago, reCAPTCHA was used to help digitize books while deterring bots. Now, Google has re-purposed it to help them do thin...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d3l97n
Why does rebooting a computer/phone fix so many problems?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f03k4h8" ], "text": [ "Well firstly you want to ask the question: What goes wrong that causes computers and phone to need to be rebooted? Memory errors - Computer memory is not perfect. All computer memory has potential errors. Now there's a lot of technology to detect and reduce those errors...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d3m86s
Why there's no screen that uses both RGB and actual CMY pixels?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f03p2d0", "f03pug7", "f03wibm" ], "text": [ "Because CMYK is a subtractive color model. It only works when we describe things that reflect light, like inks, pigments, or dyes. It's subtractive because we start with white light and then subtract the wavelengths absorbed by whatever the...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d3pvp3
What it means for a certificate to expire on a WiFi?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f04d4xk" ], "text": [ "Think of a WiFi certificate as a special key you are given. This key offers a level of encryption of credentials such as log-in information when accessing a public or shared WiFi network. It, at a basic level, helps prevent other people on the same network from viewing ...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d3rvyx
Carriers adding bloatware
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f04qowj" ], "text": [ "SIM cards cannot store apps so I highly doubt your carrier is sending you bloatware though the SIM card. It is most likely that the bloatware was installed by the manufacturer of the phone. This happens all the time when you buy laptops from a store. For example, Dell a...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d3ryc4
How does a single USB port handle the multiple signals from a USB hub?
If you have a hub plugged into your usb port, and several peripherals plugged into the hub, how does the computer use so many devices on one port?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f04swhi", "f04uhdo" ], "text": [ "The port itself has a chip build in that says: I'm an usb hub, to which device do you want to speak? Of course the pc can still only talk to one of these devices at a time, but most of them dont need its full attention anyways.", "Effectively works th...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d3rzcv
Why is the volume of my Bluetooth headphones independent of my phone’s volume?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f04ux6j" ], "text": [ "So that you don't blow your ears out going from car to headphones. Or at least that's how I use it." ], "score": [ 5 ], "text_urls": [ [] ] }
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d3sv5x
Why do computer screens appear to flicker when recorded by a phone camera?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f04x49a" ], "text": [ "Because the computer screen is not a constant image, but is actually flashing very quickly. This is known as the \"refresh rate\" and is measured in Hertz (which is a measure of cycles per second). A screen that has a refresh rate of 144 Hz means that it is flashing 144...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d3sw5e
What is aliasing, and what is anti-aliasing?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f04wt1q", "f05jjg5", "f04x6rb", "f04xasg", "f064hl5", "f05c7go", "f05o91r", "f058wsi", "f05qjzm" ], "text": [ "So your computer monitor is made up of square pixels. Trying to make round shapes out of square objects is going to give you jagged edges (thing about...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d3tr3x
How come when downloading something, the shown download speed never seems true compared to how long it takes to actually download the file?
For example, if downloading a 1 GB file with a speed of 50 Mb/s, shouldn't it only take 20 seconds to download- but it never does. I also feel like I should be able to count 4 seconds and see 200mb/1GB, why does the actual download take so much longer than this?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f051tg0", "f056lxm" ], "text": [ "The size of the file is in Bytes (B), the transfer speed is in bits (b, which is 8 times smaller). So 50 Mb/s means you are downloading at 6.25 MB/s, so to download a 1GB file (1024 MB), it would take roughly 164 seconds if the speed stays at a constant 5...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d3wcw6
How was the first software created and integrated into computers when there wasn't any software to do it?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f05mah3", "f05v7zl", "f05lbbe", "f05zo69", "f05qv82" ], "text": [ "Physical punchcards (card with holes dotted on them) were fed into computers to set memory switches on or off which would then act as the program and data to be executed. When a basic computer is \"booted\" its...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d3wqho
how do delivery companies like UPS and FedEx deliver my packages so quickly when my item is on the other side of the country?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f05o901", "f05psb2", "f05ubhj" ], "text": [ "If desired, air cargo. It isn't hard to get packages across the country when you load then up in a plane and fly them most of the distance. This is also why guaranteed 2-day/next-day/overnight services are typically very expensive, especial...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d3xjfz
how a headphones/earphones can still function after going thru both washer and dryer?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f05s8hg", "f05sb14" ], "text": [ "Headphones are pretty simple objects: you’ve got two wires going in, a resistor or two inline, then a magnet, sitting behind a diaphragm. As long as the diaphragm doesn’t rip and the dryer gets the electrical contacts dry, everything should still work fin...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d3ybsa
How do VR headsets have depth in their images to the point where if I don't wear contacts while playing VR I have my usual nearsighted fuzziness trying to read things?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f05wxz0", "f06wcgn", "f06wlvi", "f06tg0r", "f05x4e8", "f06xlac", "f07291j", "f07ijp1", "f06xw35" ], "text": [ "Headsets have lenses inside that are adjusted so someone with normal sight can focus on the screen a few centimetres away from their eye. This would n...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d3zdmv
How did Pacific Islanders carry enough water with them for long sea voyages?
Their boats don't seem like they were very big. The Pacific is freaking enormous. At least for the discovery/ exploration phase, they didn't know where they were going. How did they manage to carry enough food and water (but especially water) to make those crossings?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f06f64t", "f06q8vg", "f064vv2", "f063kqo", "f063r30", "f070699" ], "text": [ "You want to read The Kon Tiki Expedition by Thor Heyerdahl. Kon-Tiki carried 1,040 litres (275 US gal) of drinking water in 56 water cans, as well as a number of sealed bamboo rods. The purpose s...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d3zyng
Why does plastics make so much noise when you wrap it even though it is so soft?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f06cwdf", "f06f0sk" ], "text": [ "Plastic wrappers make noise when crumpled because of those creases and ridges you see on it. Unlike very elastic materials like rubber sheets, when you stretch a plastic sheet, the stress doesn't get distributed evenly. Treated plastics have metastable en...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
d40ity
How do mirrors in video games work?
I was playing GTA online and noticed that the mirror in game updates in “real time”. How does the game recognize that, and how does it update with no delay?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f06d1po", "f0767g9" ], "text": [ "In simple terms your avatar or charicters is coppied into another room built the same way on the other side of the wall. URL_0 does a great explanation on how different effects are created by breaking popular games.", "Former video game developer here...
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d414du
What is “blue-light” from phones and other electronic screens? And how does it affect our eyesight?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f06npf5", "f06nxw9" ], "text": [ "The \"white\" that a screen displays can lean towards a blue or yellow (or even orange) tint. A blue tint looks nicer to most people, so screens are usually adjusted that way. However, looking at that for too long can cause eye strain, and (at least in so...
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d41ct5
Why can't landers/rovers be landed or operated on the moon the same way drones are operated on Earth?
In light of the recent Chandrayaan landing failure on moon's surface, I am curious why the landers and rovers can't be operated remotely by Earth based pilots similar to how Predator drones are flown in middle East by pilots in the US? Can't communications to the lunar done be mediated through a moon orbiting satellite...
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f06meg5", "f06mksu", "f06mei5" ], "text": [ "A 1 second delay means any feedback you control is 2 seconds behind. Try driving a RC car around a track with 2 second delay. Its going to be really hard.", "1s is definitely too long of a delay for someone to be controlling a vehicle. ...
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d41si8
Most electronic wires are small and flexible, so why are electrical wires so thick and rigid?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f06qmkl" ], "text": [ "Because they need to pass a large amount of power. Small wires, like headphone wires, are passing small amounts of current. Power cables, like the cord for your fridge, move LARGE amounts. The amount of heat generated in the cord is a function of resistance and the squa...
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d4229x
If you‘re in a VR Headset, do you still have poor eyesight?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f06x3gp" ], "text": [ "So, a VR headset uses a lens to focus the screen light as if it's coming from far away, rather than right in front of your face. The effects of this are split into two parts your brain cares about: **Convergence** - aka why you have two eyes This is the classic \"depth ...
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d43jwt
how does autofocus detect when the object is in focus?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f07eo37", "f07f039" ], "text": [ "There are a few techniques. The most basic is to use maths to judge the contrast. When it is out of focus, the image doesn't have any sharp edges, but there will be sharp edges when it is in focus. So you simply subtract the value of pixels from the value...
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d49ukk
Why is an open-source OS considered more secure than a closed source?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f08z2ms", "f092cq2" ], "text": [ "For open source systems, the computer code that makes up that system is public, and anyone can read through it. So if someone has left some sort of backdoor or security flaw, it can be caught and fixed. Closed source systems have code that's only availabl...
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d49xa3
Trey Parker records his voice for the character Cartmen in South Park. After recording, they speed up the track so it gives the character the right pitch that you hear in the show. How do they record music like that?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f094vae", "f08yhq1", "f09xs96" ], "text": [ "They don't speed it up. They pitch it up. [Here you can see that the words are the same speed.]( URL_0 ) And here's the wiki on pitch scaling. URL_1 URL_2", "If you will notice with his song \"Kyle's Mom is a Bitch\", the song itself is...
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d4aj1v
Why doesn’t someone merge all the open source AIs to create just one?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f098438", "f099c8s" ], "text": [ "Much for the same reason nobody merges all car designs to create just one. \"AI\"'s are still complex software systems, and are designed to solve specific tasks. You can't just throw them all together and hope they somehow play nice with each other or are...
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d4br0h
Dialysis
How is fluid removed from the body while your blood is being cleaned during dialysis?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f09epim" ], "text": [ "Your blood is pumped through a filter (dialyzer). The filter is made up of small, hollow fibers with microscopic pores in the wall. They run a special fluid through the filter that bathes the fibers from the outside, while the blood flows through the hollow fiber. Toxin...
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d4c6xu
How does google find out the frequency of words going back like 300 years, and how sure are they, that they have it correct?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f09hkz6", "f09tb6c" ], "text": [ "They scan and analyze preserved texts (newspapers, bulletins, letters etc.). The results aren't extremely precise as a lot of material from that time has been destroyed, but it's enough to draw decent conclusions.", "You know way back in the 2000's wh...
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d4dil0
Are servers giant advanced hard drives or is there more to it?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f09wi5s", "f0a5q7q", "f0avsq0" ], "text": [ "Servers are at a basic level more or less just like any computer with better diagnostics and redundancy. Features like Two power supplies, multiple hard drives, multiple network interfaces and fault tolerant ram are all pretty common.", ...
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d4e439
what does the large hadron collider actually do
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f0a6ij2" ], "text": [ "It takes particles and makes them travel in a big loop. As they travel around and around they get faster and faster and then they collide with each other. When they collide they break up into lots of smaller different particles which are then detected. These detections ...
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d4gfd4
The working of the Hubble space telescope and how its able to capture galaxies far away.
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f0bhh81" ], "text": [ "There are a few things to remember. 1) the sky is an asshole. Makes everything hard to see and whatnot. Relative to the emptiness of space, the sky makes everything blurry, so putting a telescope right in space solves that issue 2) Hubble is a big boi. When it comes to ...
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d4m6xp
; How do we know atoms exist?
Like obviously they exist. We can measure them, split them and manipulate them. But like, how?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f0e4vpo", "f0eb32h" ], "text": [ "In fact, technology is now advanced enough that there are photographs of atoms. You can google \"image of atoms\" to find the pictures. But early investigation of atoms involved things like bombarding them with subatomic particles and measuring the scatte...
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d4mi6c
How did chemists in the past discover and collect gaseous elements such as helium?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f0ebzjm" ], "text": [ "Helium was discoed by observing light from the sun the name is from Helios the Greek word for the sun. Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation. Different atoms and molecules releases and absorb light of different colors....
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d4o7j2
How can prosthetic limbs be controlled with our brain?
Like prosthetic hands with fingers, how do they work?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f0eprbx" ], "text": [ "Same way your actual limbs function really. You're able to control your body through electrical signs sent from your brain throughout your nervous system, a functioning/responsive prosthetic arm will act according to those electrical currents. Needless to say, it wasn't...
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d4pzjh
how does a pc know the temperature of everything in the pc? Does it have thermometers in every component? I want to know the GPU and CPU the most.
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f0f7t45", "f0fasav" ], "text": [ "The motherboard measures the CPU temperature using a thermistor — an electronic component whole resistance changes with temperature. A GPU has its own thermistor on board.", "The very short answer is yes, the vital components, such as CPU, GPU, someti...
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d4s88b
How did WASD become the standard for movement control for video games on PC?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f0fvfob", "f0fvktp" ], "text": [ "For a long time, gamers used nothing but the keyboard to move and look around in 3D third person and first person games. Many people didn't even really think to use a mouse to play, especially since mouse looking in very early first person shooters was li...
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d4syxi
I'm watching the MASH TV show on my wide screen TV. It takes up the whole space in perfect ratio. How did it look on 4:3 tube TVs?
Was it cropped? Was it "squeezed" and everyone looked more vertical?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f0g9jsg", "f0gvilo" ], "text": [ "You are either watching a cropped version where the top and bottom of the picture are chopped off (meaning you can't see foreheads or shoulders in closeups), or they went back and remastered the original film into 16:9, which would mean that every charact...
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d4tkf1
How can Google store billions of hours of YouTube videos? The sheer magnitude of youtube is enormous and undoubtedly the total amount of storage needed is just as monumental.
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f0gapgv", "f0gdn31", "f0giqqb" ], "text": [ "Storage is cheaper than sin. A 1TB external hard drive is like $50. And that is for consumer grade portable stuff. Google buys much more powerful devices.", "Because storing huge amounts of data is far less expensive than other ways to ...
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d4vidt
Why are clapboards necessary when filming movies?
I'm talking about the black and white board that someone has to clap and say the scene, take number, and "action!" while rolling the camera.
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f0gv5u8", "f0gvbph", "f0gvd61", "f0gw7b6", "f0hpcd8", "f0hgtdb", "f0h1ut7" ], "text": [ "They have been used to synchronise sound and picture. I'm not sure, if they are still necessary.", "Helps the editor know what scene they are dealing with afterwards. Especiall...
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d4xbtr
How can we discern the difference between 144Hz and 60hz monitors if we can’t discern the 60Hz oscillation of lights in our homes?
Edit: as a couple people pointed out, the flicker would typically be 120 Hz for lights connected to US AC mains power because of the way bridge rectifiers, etc work. The voltage crosses 0 V twice per cycle. Additionally, the type of light source will influence how much flicker, if any occurs. I mentioned in a thread be...
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f0hhco9", "f0he0yg", "f0hmr08", "f0j7ubb" ], "text": [ "Lights don't oscillate at 60 - the light goes through a full cycle at 60, which includes two pulses - one positive, and one negative. And if you do find a light source that reacts strongly to the mains, like old style fluores...
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d4xesk
Why does the same website sometimes load lighting fast with just 1-2MB of download speed and other times struggle to load up all the way with 10MB+?
To clarify...where I live I have 1-4MB depending on the day but often it works just fine, with every website popping up immediately. So it surprises me when I am overseas at a hotel or cafe with 10-20MB of speed that the internet can often lag a bit. I can tell a big difference when streaming but not browsing. Perhaps ...
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f0hge7o", "f0j4xr2", "f0helxv", "f0j3obt", "f0j5189" ], "text": [ "Your browser caches pages and will save it to your device to speed loading. That cache will periodically get cleared and require the entire site to be loaded again. Ads add a lot of overhead as well with images...
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d4xhvc
stack pointer, frame pointer and link
Hi. I'm currently taking OS class and I haven't found a definitive answer to a.) what are stack pointer, frame pointer and link and b.) what is their purpose? My lecturer refers to these terms a lot, which is understandable, but doesn't write down that they are. I have a vague understanding that stack pointer points to...
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f0hg6w4" ], "text": [ "I'm kind of assuming this is in assembly, but either way that's how I'll be explaining it because that's my main source of knowledge. I don't think it should be too different in C or other languages. I'm not sure this is exactly explaining like you're 5, but the frame p...
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d4y3m8
How did TV stations broadcast live TV back when cameras used film?
Like for big events or even daily things such as the news, did they have to quickly develop and scan the film? That seems impossible. Were early digital sensors used or something?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f0hmj13", "f0hp1yw" ], "text": [ "Because TV cameras didn't use film, they used vidicon tubes, which are a type of cathode ray tube. Essentially, the tube turned light that entered the camera's lens into beams of electrons that could then be sent as a signal through wires and broadcast an...
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d4yfub
How can a group of hobbyists or whatever make a deepfake that sounds exactly like Bill Gates, while digital assistants made by the world's biggest tech companies still sound like robots?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f0hv6n9", "f0hpt74", "f0hqv2t", "f0hzofa", "f0iannr", "f0ht75g", "f0hy104" ], "text": [ "[Here's an example from 2018 of Google Assistant sounding \"too real\"]( URL_0 ) that people got uncomfortable and questioned if/how to disclose the person was talking to a robot. ...
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d4ze0s
How games can continue playing without a disc
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f0j2piw", "f0i08sq" ], "text": [ "Let's say you want to read Lord of the Rings. So, you go to the library, pull the first book off the shelf and start reading. You can check out that book from the library and take it with you so you can continue to read while not at that library. But you ...
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d53zix
Why does video rendering take quite long when it can be viewed back in real time?
Not even talking about having crazy effects in your video, just some cuts.
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f0jhl0z" ], "text": [ "When you play it back what you're playing is a series of \"already rendered\" stills animated, much like flip book is. The rendering process is taking a set of \"ideas\" and turning them into the \"already rendered stills\". So..it's the difference between \"flipping th...
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d53zra
When you’re playing chess with the computer and you select the lowest difficulty, how does the computer know what movie is not a clever move?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f0jg2h6", "f0jhjqy", "f0jhtaa", "f0jj23k", "f0jg1qn", "f0jgnsz", "f0jkaup", "f0jis48", "f0ji721", "f0k4ihp", "f0l3yzf" ], "text": [ "The computer typically rates moves by looking ahead -- if I make this move, will I lose a piece or a good position in th...
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d5660i
how does the battery indicator on electronic devices works? How can your phone know if it has like 15% battery left?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f0jyyel", "f0jz3b0" ], "text": [ "Most simply detect the voltage and that can fairly accurately be used to calculate the charge state of the battery. Depending on the chemistry lithium cells will be about 4.2v fully charged and 3v fully discharged, with 3.7 being 50% charged. Then they'll...
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d56t47
this may sound naive, but why can we not just remove the carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gasses from the atmosphere with some sort of mechanical or chemical technology? Like why aren't we developing something like a big filter or vacuum that can remove it from the air?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f0k30yk", "f0k2o1f", "f0k4q5h" ], "text": [ "We *can* remove C02 from the atmosphere. The problem is it takes time and energy, and as long as we are still burning fossil fuels anything that takes energy hurts more than it helps. Trying to remove C02 now is like trying to rebuild your ...
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d58mlr
How did scientists measure the distance from the Earth to the Moon in order to land a craft on there?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f0kegjz" ], "text": [ "Hold your finger up in front of this sentence and close one eye. Note which words your finger is covering. Now open that eye and close the other one. Your finger will now be covering different words. Without moving your finger, it seems to have \"jumped\" to a different...
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d5c5v0
How are there so many blue ticked verified users on Instagram and Twitter that most people do not even know?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f0l2ded" ], "text": [ "Being verified is not an indication of how popular you are. It means they have gone through the formal verification process and met the requirements." ], "score": [ 13 ], "text_urls": [ [] ] }
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d5epn8
What is a "biocomputer"? Do they actually exist or it's only a concept?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f0ljlig" ], "text": [ "Biocomputers use biological molecules such as proteins, DNA and RNA to store data and perform calculations. It is possible to engineer biological systems to behave in a certain manner based upon a certain input, storing and transmitting data as needed, which is basicall...
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d5hdhp
Why are there more transistors in a flagship phone processor like a snapdragon 855 or a13 bionic compared to AMD ryzen 7 2700 cpu? What am I missing?
The ryzen has about 5 billion transistors and the a13 bionic has about 9 billion transistors. What am I missing?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f0lu1mt", "f0lu1oj" ], "text": [ "SD 855 is an SOC meaning it includes CPU, GPU, I-O and everything else on the same chip. So those 9 billion transistors are not only for CPU but for other hardware as well. But in case of Ryzen those 5 billion transistors are for CPU only and nothing else...
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d5ifpz
How do animators make sure everything is timed correctly? How do they sync everything from the voice acting to other sounds or music and make sure the movements are natural looking?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f0m3fad", "f0m7pfz", "f0m3wsb", "f0mnnmd" ], "text": [ "Usually, animation in larger studios is rigorously planned and very well coordinated. Usually a storyboard is created showing all the scenes as still images. When the storyboard is finished, voice acting is done, which is com...
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d5iwz0
What actually happens inside a pc when it freezes?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f0m7lys", "f0m3e06" ], "text": [ "Lord of the Flies. You need the conch to speak and Piggy has it but he's to flustered to say anything or hand it to someone else who can.", "Imagine a bully taking all the pens from a desk and everyone. Unless someone bigger comes along, they all need...
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d5n0dj
- Why does American TV look more blurred and warmer than European TV?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f0mvkit" ], "text": [ "I'm not European, but Mexican but I always felt American TV looked more cinematographic and \"epic\", and later found out a lot of USA TV shows are recorded in 24fps (The standard fps for movies), while Mexican shows and novelas were recorded at 60fps (Which made them l...
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d5os2z
what is the difference between lumens and ANSI Lumens? I was looking at projectors and I will see some will say they have like 2000 or 3000 Lumens but others will have like 4000 ANSI Lumens. I feel like they are not the same and get confused as they only ever have one or the other and not both
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f0n65n1", "f0nh5cs" ], "text": [ "An ANSI Lumen is a standardized measurement and more accurate. Just saying lumen could mean anything. It could be a true measurement or an over estimate, or even an underestimate.", "ANSI is the american national standards institute. ANSI provides a v...
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d5sqxb
The lack of goal line replay technology in American football as compared to other sports
For example, tennis has hawk eye and soccer has goal line technology. How come football still doesn't have anything capable of accurately measuring where the ball is on the field for touchdowns, first downs etc.?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f0nvte4", "f0nvbk9" ], "text": [ "In Football a lot of it is that the ball moves and stuff after the play anyway, and often it's not a matter of 'did it go this far' its' 'did it go this far before his knee touched here and did he have control and was it grounded etc... In Tennis the loca...
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d5v6nm
Why does wiggling the batteries in the TV remote (or any other battery powered thing) make dead batteries work for a little bit longer?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f0o6xu4" ], "text": [ "A lot of the problem with old batteries is not that the charge have run out but that the contacts have become corroded. This is a quite common problem when you have exposed electrical contacts as the electrical potential helps promote rust. It is often seen as a colored...
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d60o6d
Why do cold callers ring and immediately hang up when you answer?
My guess is it's a (bad) bot that's trying to discern if there's a human on the other end? But then what?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f0p35bm", "f0p4or5" ], "text": [ "You picked up the phone. Now your number is recorded as a 'live' number. Your number will now be sold to telemarketing companies to be a candidate. Rather than cold calling random numbers and getting dead lines half the time", "Telemarketing companies...
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d63gcd
. How do those russian house keys work that look like a battery?
[keys]( URL_0 )
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f0pmkqe" ], "text": [ "It's a RFID tag. The key has an identifying number in it that it broadcasts at a very short range every time a receiver (that is actually the transmitter of the radio signal, but let's not complicate this) gets near it. If the lock can find the identifying number in a l...
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d68f7g
How do they program FPS video game bots to know how to attack you?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f0qrwxe" ], "text": [ "So, like, they are all like, “Marco,” and, if you a) fall into a certain “recognition range,” (comparable x/y/z coordinates to aforementioned “game bots”) or b) take some action to provoke / trigger their pre-programmed behavior (e.g., shooting at you, melee attack, etc...
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d6c1kz
I never understood how they change the camera angle and the place where the other camera used to be is not there anymore.
Do they tell the actors to stop so they can change the camera and then the actors continue talking? Sorry if this has already been asked before. I don't know what to search to find it.
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f0ro364", "f0rs74h", "f0sb6ux" ], "text": [ "They shoot the exact same scene multiple times. Sometimes with the same actors, sometimes with stand-ins. (So often the conversation you think you're watching never really happened - it's an actor talking to someone else and the whole thing...
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d6cvq7
How does a computer know to boot up again when you select to "restart" it?
When you select your computer to restart, how does it know to boot up again when it shuts down?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f0rx1i7", "f0rxxl5", "f0sb40l" ], "text": [ "There is a boot controller built into the motherboard that manages the boot signals from a variety of places, like the power and restart button. It also can receive digital signals from the OS. One of those signals is restart.", "The mo...
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d6cw6x
What is Exploit Development?
I want to know what exactly is Exploit development in a real job.
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "f0s3fqq", "f0sa4jw" ], "text": [ "Exploit is literally just that. Using something in a way it wasn't designed for. Lighting a cigarette using a toaster is an exploit for example. In the computer world an exploit could be for example a search tool with a text field that for one reason or a...
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