doi string | pmcid string | plain_text string | technical_text string | full_text string | journal string | topics list | keywords list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10.3390/ani11113294 | PMC8614317 | Mulberry leaf is widely used in ruminants feeding, such as sheep, beef cattle, and dairy calves. Due to the high content of crude fiber in mature mulberry leaves and branches and the presence of anti-nutritional factors such as tannin, excessive addition will affect the production performance and health of livestock an... | This study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding fermented mulberry leaf powder (FMLP) on growth performance, slaughter performance, and meat quality of broilers. A total of 360 1-day-old chickens were randomly divided into 5 groups. The control group was fed basal diet (CON), 3% FMLP, 6% FMLP, 9% FMLP, a... | 1. IntroductionWith the development of population and the improvement of people’s living standards, the demand for livestock and poultry production and the conventional feed resources is increasing. The shortage of feedstuff has become increasingly prominent and the price of conventional feedstuff with large consumptio... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"fermented mulberry leaf powder",
"broiler chicken",
"meat quality",
"growth",
"slaughter performance"
] |
10.3390/ani13050785 | PMC10000113 | This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with Bacillus licheniformis and a combination of probiotics and enzymes on the growth and blood parameters of grazing yak calves. The body weight, body size, serum biochemical parameters, and growth hormone levels of grazing yaks were assess... | Early weaning is an effective strategy to improve cow feed utilization and shorten postpartum intervals in cows; however, this may lead to poor performance of the weaned calves. This study was conducted to test the effects of supplementing milk replacer with Bacillus licheniformis and a complex of probiotics and enzyme... | 1. IntroductionYaks (Bos grunniens) occur on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau at high altitudes and with long cold seasons and limited pasture resources. This species is a unique product of long-term natural selection, providing local herders with the most basic living materials and livelihood resources, such as meat, milk, s... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"early weaning",
"probiotics",
"enzyme preparations",
"yak calves",
"growth performance"
] |
10.3390/ani11051397 | PMC8156027 | Automated training devices are commonly used for investigating learning, memory, and other cognitive functions in warm-blood vertebrates, whereas manual training procedures are the standard in fish and other lower vertebrates, thus limiting comparison among species. Here, we directly compared the two different approach... | The growing use of teleosts in comparative cognition and in neurobiological research has prompted many researchers to develop automated conditioning devices for fish. These techniques can make research less expensive and fully comparable with research on warm-blooded species, in which automated devices have been used f... | 1. IntroductionThe study of learning, memory and perception in animals has, since its inception, benefited from the use of automated training equipment. The use of these methods offers a two-fold advantage. First, they reduce the time needed for training and the related human labor required. Some experiments, especiall... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"automated conditioning",
"fish cognition",
"learning constraints",
"numerical discrimination",
"Poecilia reticulata",
"Skinner box"
] |
10.3390/ani13101602 | PMC10215146 | The aim of this study was to characterize the RHU competencies according to the distance (short vs. long), causes of deaths, and associated risk factors. The studied population comprised 16,856 horses that participated in RHU rides from 2007 to 2018. During the entire period, there were 99 fatalities. The percentage of... | RHU is the oldest endurance sport in Uruguay. However, despite 80 years of racing, there are no studies to characterize this type of competition, explore rates and causes of death, and identify the associated risk factors. The aim was to characterize the Raid Hipico Uruguayo (RHU) competencies according to the distance... | 1. IntroductionEndurance equestrian sports have a long history, but it has experienced great growth in recent decades, mainly FEI endurance. As described by the FEI, “Horsemanship and Horse welfare are the core of endurance riding. Endurance is a test of the Athlete’s ability to manage the Horse safely over an Enduranc... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"horse",
"fatalities",
"comfort index",
"experience",
"equine",
"animal welfare"
] |
10.3390/ani11092614 | PMC8465983 | The red deer (Cervus elaphus) de novo genome assembly (CerEla1.0) has provided a great resource for genetic studies in various deer species. In this study, we used gene order comparisons between C. elaphus CerEla1.0 and B. taurus ARS-UCD1.2 genome assemblies and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with bovine BAC... | The family Cervidae groups a range of species with an increasing economic significance. Their karyotypes share 35 evolutionary conserved chromosomal segments with cattle (Bos taurus). Recent publication of the annotated red deer (Cervus elaphus) whole genome assembly (CerEla1.0) has provided a basis for advanced geneti... | 1. IntroductionThe family Cervidae (Ruminantia) groups more than fifty extant deer species, including species with growing economic importance. Deer species can be divided into three subfamilies: Cervinae, Capreolinae and Hydropotinae [1] and show a great karyotype diversity reflecting chromosome evolution of the taxon... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"BAC mapping",
"comparative cytogenetics",
"chromosome fission",
"chromosome fusion",
"FISH",
"genome assembly",
"karyotype"
] |
10.3390/ani13061115 | PMC10044701 | Recently, increasing the efficiency of porcine embryo cultures by promoting oocyte maturation in vitro has attracted much attention. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was beneficial to oocyte maturation and increased the developmental potential of porcine embryos. Although the effects of BDNF on porcine follicul... | As a member of the neurotrophic family, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) provides a key link in the physiological process of mammalian ovarian follicle development, in addition to its functions in the nervous system. The emphasis of this study lay in the impact of BDNF on the proliferation of porcine follicular... | 1. IntroductionOvarian follicle development is a fundamental process of reproductive physiology in female mammals. Germ stem cells differentiate into oogonia in the genital ridge and the oogonia divide and become primary oocytes via mitosis. The primordial follicles are formed during the process of differentiation. Thu... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"BDNF",
"porcine",
"proliferation",
"microRNA",
"CCND1",
"ERK"
] |
10.3390/ani12010052 | PMC8749932 | Transport stress (TS) can impact the physiology and psychology of broilers, and this can be an important factor affecting liver iron metabolism in broilers. By establishing a transport model group, broilers (n = 144) reared under the same conditions were allocated into six groups and transported duration for 0, 0.5, 1,... | Abnormal iron metabolism can cause oxidative stress in broilers, and transport stress (TS) may potentially influence iron metabolism. However, the mechanisms by which TS affects iron metabolism are unclear. This study used quantitative proteome analysis based on tandem mass tag (TMT) to investigate the effects of TS on... | 1. IntroductionThe pre-slaughter transport process is an important integral part of poultry management [1]. Pre-slaughtering transport of market-age broilers from their geographically dispersed farms is an unavoidable common practice [2]. During transit, chickens are exposed to numerous potential stressors, including h... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"transport stress",
"broilers",
"iron homeostasis",
"TMT proteomics"
] |
10.3390/ani12030387 | PMC8833775 | The European eel is a species with high commercial value for aquaculture, and it has suffered a drastic reduction of its natural stocks during the last decades; thus, breeding in captivity is nowadays considered essential to avoid the extinction of the species. In this sense, a new method to maturate the European eel (... | The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is a commercially valued species for aquaculture. Over the past decades, it has experienced a drastic reduction in its natural stocks. Thus, breeding in captivity is considered essential, nowadays, to guarantee the eel aquaculture and to reduce pressure on natural populations. Tradi... | 1. IntroductionThe European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is a commercially valued species, especially for the Japanese and European markets. Nevertheless, it is not yet possible to breed European eels in captivity, and current aquaculture production consists of fattening wild-caught glass eels. Over the past 50 years, popul... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"European eel",
"spermiation",
"ovulation",
"human chorionic gonadotropin hormone",
"carp pituitary extract",
"hormone release system"
] |
10.3390/ani11082164 | PMC8388502 | Sea cage farms dominate European aquaculture production of seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). It means that to complete the commercialization process, fish must be crowded in a net, lifted from the rearing cage, and placed in a stunning/slaughtering tank during the extraction procedur... | The behavioural responses of fish to a stressful situation must be considered an adverse reaction caused by the perception of pain. Consequently, the handling prior to stunning and the immediacy of loss consciousness following stunning are the aspects to take into account during the slaughtering process. The most commo... | 1. IntroductionAnimal welfare evaluation should be promoted so that decisions are made based on scientific evidence rather than emotion, with the understanding that the concept of welfare is a characteristic of an animal, not something given to it, and can be precisely measured [1]. In the case of fish production, the ... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Review"
] | [
"seabass",
"seabream",
"welfare",
"stunning",
"slaughtering"
] |
10.3390/ani12030309 | PMC8833531 | In Aotearoa–New Zealand, the helicopter application of the toxin sodium fluoroacetate (1080) is a common method for controlling invasive mammals. However, the application of 1080 using current methods leaves some surviving mammals, meaning eradication cannot be achieved. A new application method, called 1080-to-zero, a... | Aotearoa–New Zealand has embarked on an ambitious goal: to completely eradicate key invasive mammals by 2050. This will require novel tools capable of eliminating pests on a large scale. In New Zealand, large-scale pest suppression is typically carried out using aerial application of the toxin sodium fluoroacetate (108... | 1. IntroductionInvasive mammals present a global threat to biodiversity, especially in island ecosystems such as those of Aotearoa–New Zealand [1]. Native New Zealand species are particularly vulnerable, as they evolved in the absence of terrestrial non-volant mammals [2]. Predation and herbivory from introduced mammal... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"density",
"eradication",
"invasive species",
"predator-free",
"Rattus rattus",
"rodent",
"sodium fluoroacetate (1080)",
"spatially explicit capture–recapture"
] |
10.3390/ani13111858 | PMC10252004 | Despite studies conducted with other seaweed species on in vitro gas production, until now, no studies have been reported on the use of pelagic Sargassum as potential ruminant feed. Thus, the objective of the present study was to determine the effect of Sargassum inclusion, using tropical grass as substrate, on in vitr... | This study determined the effect of pelagic Sargassum on in vitro dry matter and organic matter degradation, total gas production (TGP), and protozoa population. The treatments were different levels of Sargassum inclusion on a basal substrate (Stargrass hay; Cynodon nlemfuensis) as follows: T0 (control treatment based ... | 1. IntroductionThe growing animal protein demand driven by the increase in the world population, and the adverse effects of change climate, put pressure on the agricultural production systems to increase its productive efficiency [1]. In relation to the negative impacts on the environment, greenhouse gas emissions (GHG... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"brown algae",
"secondary metabolites",
"fermentation parameters",
"alternative ingredient",
"protozoa"
] |
10.3390/ani12030298 | PMC8833732 | The domestic cat is the only species within the felis genus to have transitioned from a wild, solitary species to one of the most popular human-companion animals globally. In stark contrast to their closest wild ancestors, the domestic cat displays an impressive capacity to cohabit successfully with both humans and oth... | Sociality can be broadly defined as the ability and tendency of individuals to reside in social groups with either conspecifics and/or other species. More specifically, sociability relates to the ability and tendency of individuals to display affiliative behaviours in such contexts. The domestic cat is one of the most ... | 1. IntroductionIn a relatively brief period of evolutionary time, the domestic cat has transitioned from a wild solitary species to one of the most popular companion animals globally. During their initial domestication (from wild populations of F. silvestris lybica [1]), natural selection pressures are likely to have f... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Review"
] | [
"sociability",
"wellbeing",
"stress",
"group living",
"domestication",
"felis"
] |
10.3390/ani13061065 | PMC10044549 | The keeping and use of horses have become of increased interest to the public due to welfare concerns. It is therefore vitally important to better understand the impacts on the horse’s emotional state and how to measure and use observed behaviours to determine the effects of common husbandry practices on the horse. Thi... | Increasing interest in equine welfare has emphasised the need for objective and reliable behavioural indicators of horses’ affective state. However, research has yielded mixed results regarding behaviours suited for industry use largely because they are subject to anthropomorphic interpretation. Stabling is commonly us... | 1. IntroductionThe welfare of horses has been subject to increasing scrutiny by the general public due to high-profile sporting events where horse management and use have at times appeared to be substantially less than optimal. Failure to appropriately manage horse welfare leaves the industry with a tenuous social lice... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"equine",
"behaviour",
"welfare",
"affective state",
"quality of life",
"stabling"
] |
10.3390/ani11061598 | PMC8227379 | This study aims to investigate how epidermal growth factor (EGF) attenuates the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, microelement absorption of early-weaned pigs. A total of 48 early weaned piglets were randomly distributed to four groups consisting of a 2 × 2 factorial ... | Epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays an important role in nutrients absorption. However, whether it can be an effective additive to improve the growth performance and nutrients absorption in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenged early weaning piglets is still unknown. A 14-days trial was conducted to investigate how EGF a... | 1. IntroductionEssential trace elements are the indispensable nutrients for animals, and especially Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn are required for the normal growth, development, and many physiological functions in animals [1,2,3,4]. Cu is a part of Cu-transporting P-type ATPase and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase [5]. Fe as the part ... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"early weaning piglets",
"different levels of LPS and EGF",
"growth performance",
"nutrition digestibility",
"microelement absorption",
"microelement transport-relative gene"
] |
10.3390/ani13101644 | PMC10215717 | In commercial pork production, piglets are weaned at a fairly young age. Piglets are removed from the sow and are subject to sudden changes in their diet, environmental conditions and social grouping. For the piglet, this causes major upheaval and disruption to eating and behavioral patterns, leading to distress, gastr... | The weaning of pigs in most commercial pork production systems is an abrupt event performed at a fairly young age, i.e., mostly between 2.5 and 5 weeks of age. This practice induces a stress response, and its impact on behavior, performance and the gastrointestinal tract has been well described. Historically, there has... | 1. IntroductionThe weaning of piglets in most commercial pork production systems worldwide is an abrupt event and is performed at a fairly young age. Piglets are simultaneously removed from maternal care, mixed and moved into a new environment, and offered solid feed devoid of the antibodies and other gut protective fa... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Review"
] | [
"piglet",
"weaning",
"stress",
"socialization",
"co-mingling",
"maternal separation",
"intermittent suckling"
] |
10.3390/ani13050951 | PMC10000214 | Equine leaky gut syndrome is characterized by gastrointestinal hyperpermeability and may be associated with adverse health effects in horses. The purpose was to evaluate the effects of a prebiotic Aspergillus oryzae product (SUPP) on the stress-induced leakiness of the gut. For 28 days, 8 horses received a diet contain... | Equine leaky gut syndrome is characterized by gastrointestinal hyperpermeability and may be associated with adverse health effects in horses. The purpose was to evaluate the effects of a prebiotic Aspergillus oryzae product (SUPP) on stress-induced gastrointestinal hyperpermeability. Eight horses received a diet contai... | 1. IntroductionLeaky gut syndrome (LGS) is characterized by gastrointestinal hyperpermeability and increased accessibility of the systemic environment to compounds that are normally sequestered within the gastrointestinal lumen [1]. The contribution of LGS to equine disease is poorly understood, and its mitigation by d... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"leaky gut syndrome",
"horses",
"hyperpermeability",
"prebiotics"
] |
10.3390/ani11041137 | PMC8071557 | Prion diseases are neurodegenerative disorders affecting humans and animals. The development of in vitro cellular models from naturally susceptible species like humans or ruminants can potentially make a great contribution to the study of many aspects of these diseases, including the ability of prions to infect and rep... | Scrapie is a prion disease affecting sheep and goats and it is considered a prototype of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been proposed as candidates for developing in vitro models of prion diseases. Murine MSCs are able to propagate prions after previous mouse-adapta... | 1. IntroductionTransmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) or prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders that affect humans and animals [1]. These diseases are caused by the conformational conversion of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) to an infectious isoform that is partially resistant to proteases an... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"scrapie",
"prion",
"sheep",
"infection",
"mesenchymal stem cell",
"in vitro model"
] |
10.3390/ani11082303 | PMC8388372 | Transportation is a stressful event for all animal species, but some species may be subjected to worse welfare consequences than others due to their ethological characteristics and specific coping strategies. Among equines, horses with a low level of tameness are at higher risk for transport-related disease and injury.... | Regulation EC 1/2005 has stricter rules for transportation of unbroken (untamed) vs. broken (tamed) horses, but does not provide adequate tools for their identification. This study aimed to develop and validate such a tool. A behavioural test (Broken/Unbroken Test (BUT)) based on approaching, haltering, and leading was... | 1. IntroductionEvery year, millions of horses are transported over long distances by road, sea, and air [1,2]. Horses may be transported for various purposes and, unlike other farmed species, many times in their lives [3], and travel conditions and related welfare consequences differ depending on the situation. Althoug... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"transport",
"equine",
"Broken/Unbroken Test (BUT)",
"validity",
"reliability",
"welfare"
] |
10.3390/ani11041061 | PMC8069115 | This review summarizes the clinical background, possibilities, and limitations of twin pregnancy diagnosis in cattle, with a special emphasis on pregnancy loss aspects. Due to the fact that reproductive performance is strongly affected by twin pregnancy, clinical veterinarians should become familiar with the correct di... | Twin pregnancies are an economically unwanted phenomenon in dairy cattle, not only because they increase pregnancy losses, but also because antibiotics usage and culling rate of the dam are also dramatically increased due to them, furthermore animal welfare issues are also affected through them. In cattle, under field ... | 1. IntroductionThe diagnosis of twin pregnancy is one of the key factors for reproductive performance in well managed dairy herds. Among the undesirable consequences are higher percentage of pregnancy losses [1,2,3,4], shorter duration of gestation, increased stillbirth and dystocia rates [5,6,7], and increased frequen... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Commentary"
] | [
"cattle",
"PAG",
"pregnancy loss",
"PSP-B",
"rectal palpation",
"twin",
"ultrasound"
] |
10.3390/ani11030741 | PMC8001781 | Oocyte-secreted factors play an essential role in oogenesis and fertility through bidirectional crosstalk between oocytes and somatic cells. Interleukin-7, known as an oocyte-secreted factor, has recently been shown to improve oocyte developmental competence through interaction with cumulus cells around the oocytes. Th... | Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is a cytokine essential for cell development, proliferation and survival. However, its role in oocyte maturation is largely unknown. To investigate the effects of IL-7 on the in vitro maturation (IVM) of porcine oocytes, we analyzed nuclear maturation, intracellular glutathione (GSH) and reactive o... | 1. IntroductionPorcine embryos derived from in vitro maturation (IVM) are useful for research regarding reproduction [1,2]. In particular, as pigs have an organ structure that is physiologically similar to that of humans, many studies use porcine embryos in the field of biomedical research [3,4,5]. To obtain consistent... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"in vitro maturation",
"porcine oocytes",
"developmental potential",
"interleukin-7",
"parthenogenetic activation"
] |
10.3390/ani13081406 | PMC10135110 | We observed a forage allowance by forage type effect on improvements in the daily milk yield of dairy cows grazing swards sown with perennial ryegrass, white clover and plantain relative to those sown to perennial ryegrass only. Improvements in milk yield were evident at lower forage allowances of 14 to 20 kg of dry ma... | We tested for a forage allowance effect on the milk yield of early lactation dairy cow herds grazing swards sown with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) relative to perennial ryegrass alone. The examined allowances consisted of offering 12, 1... | 1. IntroductionSouth-eastern Australian and New Zealand dairy systems are predominantly grazing-based [1], with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) being the primary sown forage species [2]. A disadvantage of the existing perennial-ryegrass-based feedbase is its strong seasonality of growth and nutritive value [3,4]... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"forage allocation",
"grazing intensity",
"pasture",
"polyculture",
"species mixture"
] |
10.3390/ani12040447 | PMC8868392 | Paratuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP), is widely spread among ruminants worldwide. After a long-lasting incubation period, infected animals suffer from chronic granulomatous enteritis. Economic losses are caused by premature culling, reduced milk yield and slaughter value in the da... | On-farm environmental sampling is an effective method for herd-level diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection and between-herd prevalence estimation. So far, no prevalence study enrolling important livestock-farming regions has been conducted. As the structure of dairy farming differs betw... | 1. IntroductionParatuberculosis, or Johne’s disease, is a bacterial infection of the small intestine caused by Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP). MAP is an acid-fast rod-shaped organism, which can survive in the environment for several months [1]. The infection is mainly present in farmed cattle, sheep an... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"paratuberculosis",
"cattle",
"MAP-control program",
"MAP prevalence"
] |
10.3390/ani13091470 | PMC10177615 | The yak is a unique livestock species living in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Investigating the morphological differences among different breeds of yaks is of paramount importance. However, due to the lack of effective communication of yak genetic information under natural and artificial selection, the genetic diversity o... | Yaks have evolved several breeds or genetic resources owing to their geographical and ecological environment, and investigating the genetic construction of body size among breeds is key for breeding. Here, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed for five body size traits in 31 yak breeds and genetic resour... | 1. IntroductionYak (Bos grunniens), a unique large livestock species of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and surrounding Hengduan Mountains, provide a basic resource for the livelihood of plateau farmers and herders [1]. Due to different geographical and climatic environments, ecological conditions, grassland types, feeding l... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"yak",
"genetic resource",
"genome-wide association study",
"body size trait",
"genetic characteristic",
"extended model"
] |
10.3390/ani11113054 | PMC8614377 | Honeybees have attracted considerable scientific and public interest in recent years. Besides pesticides and pathogens, failure or loss of the queen have been considered the most important factors leading to colony losses worldwide. The poor quality of the queen is a factor that ranks among the top reasons for bee colo... | The quality of the honeybee queen has an important effect on a colony’s development, productivity, and survival. Queen failure or loss is considered a leading cause for colonies’ mortality worldwide. The queen’s quality, resulting from her genetic background, developmental conditions, mating success, and environment, c... | 1. IntroductionHoney bees (Apis mellifera) are social insects who live in colonies characterized by a cooperative system of brood care, overlapping generations, and reproductive division of tasks [1]. In such an organized bio-social structure, the queen is the fertile female whose main duty is to lay eggs [2]. Moreover... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"honeybee queen",
"bee breeding",
"morphological traits",
"reproductive traits",
"heritability",
"genetic parameters"
] |
10.3390/ani11113308 | PMC8614475 | Cats have been closely linked to humans for thousands of years. Nowadays, stray cats are frequently hosted in colonies, protected, and enrolled in programs of trap–neuter-–return to control population increase. Italian public veterinary services work in collaboration with voluntary colony caretakers and are responsible... | The presence of cats in urban environments has a long history. In Italy, stray cats are protected by national and regional laws, and programs of neutering and reintroduction to colonies are ongoing. Colony cats have been widely studied from a behavioral perspective, while surveys regarding their causes of death are lim... | 1. IntroductionPopulations of unowned cats exist throughout the world [1], and cats have been closely linked to human society for thousands of years [2]. The most ancient evidence of cat–human co-existence, dating to 7000 years BC, was discovered in Cyprus, followed by Egyptian evidence dating to 2000 years BC [3,4]. I... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"cat",
"colony cats",
"stray cats",
"causes of death",
"trauma",
"feline panleukopenia",
"feline infectious peritonitis",
"renal failure",
"parasites"
] |
10.3390/ani11040945 | PMC8066830 | Cleanliness is important for the health and welfare of cattle, but also for farm profitability, as dirtiness increases the risk of sick animals and can compromise milk and meat production. Swedish legislation states that all animals must be ‘clean enough’, but dirty cattle are commonly recorded in official inspections ... | Dirty cattle have been commonly recorded in official animal welfare inspections in Sweden for years. The relevant authorities have initiated work to better understand the causes of dirty cattle, in order to improve compliance and standardize the grounds for categorizing a farm as non-compliant with welfare legislation ... | 1. IntroductionDirty cattle are commonly recorded by animal welfare inspectors in Sweden during official inspections [1]. Inspectors have found dirty animals during 20–25% of cattle inspections every year since at least 2013, without no decreasing trend [1]. When analyzing inspection reports, Keeling [2] found dirty an... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"assessment",
"attitudes",
"herd level",
"law",
"clean cattle",
"management routines"
] |
10.3390/ani11113232 | PMC8614345 | Clinical cases associated with staphylococci infections are common among dogs and cats. There is evidence to suggest that staphylococci infections are increasingly becoming unresponsive to commonly used antimicrobials. This negatively impacts the ability of these infections to be treated successfully. Although resistan... | Cross-resistance occurs between antimicrobials with either similar mechanisms of action and/or similar chemical structures, or even between unrelated antimicrobials. This study employed a multivariate approach to investigate the associations between the efficacy profile of antimicrobials and the clustering of eleven di... | 1. IntroductionInfection with Staphylococcus species is common in domestic animals including dogs and cats [1,2]. These organisms cause various clinical conditions that include pyoderma, otitis, and wound infections [3,4,5,6]. However, there are increasing reports of antimicrobial resistance among Staphylococcus isolat... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"antimicrobial resistance",
"efficacy",
"Staphylococcus",
"principal components analysis",
"PCA",
"factor analysis",
"eigenvalues"
] |
10.3390/ani11061836 | PMC8235278 | Uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) plays important roles in the energy balance and regulation of metabolism and in the body temperature regulation. In this survey the correlation among UCP1, body weight, rectal temperature and lipid profile was assessed in the adult horse. The findings gathered from the current survey showed ... | This study aimed to evaluate the possible relationship among UCP1, body weight, rectal temperature and lipid profile in the horse. Thirty clinically healthy Italian Saddle geldings (6–10 years old) were enrolled after the informed owners’ consent. All horses were blood sampled and their body weight and rectal temperatu... | 1. IntroductionThe thermogenin, also named uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1), is involved in energy balance, metabolism regulation and thermogenesis pathways [1,2]. This protein is mainly expressed in brown adipose tissue (BAT), the main site of adaptive thermogenesis known also as non-shivering heat production, in response ... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"uncoupling protein-1",
"lipid profile",
"horse",
"lipoproteins",
"rectal temperature",
"body weight"
] |
10.3390/ani11072071 | PMC8300343 | Precociousness of heifers kept in mixed beef herds with young and adult bulls leads to unwanted pregnancies. Inbreeding, premature calving followed by dystocia and a high stillbirth rate are the consequences. As an alternative, such heifers are slaughtered during the resulting pregnancy. The slaughtering of pregnant an... | Precocious puberty in beef heifers can result in unwanted pregnancies due to accidental breeding by farm bulls. Inbreeding, premature calving followed by dystocia and a high stillbirth rate or slaughtering of pregnant heifers are the consequences of this behaviour. The aim of the study was to postpone puberty by using ... | 1. IntroductionThe herd size of beef cow-calf operations in Switzerland are small where male and female animals of all age groups are housed together. There is often no possibility to split up the herd (only one free stall housing available, not many different pastures per farm). This often leads to young heifers being... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"cattle",
"anti-gonadotropin-releasing hormone (anti-GnRH)",
"Improvac®",
"immunocastration",
"puberty",
"progesterone",
"cortisol"
] |
10.3390/ani11082389 | PMC8388699 | The microbiological safety and quality of commercial animal feed for laboratory animals, produced in Costa Rica, was assessed. Analysis of the animal feed included general microbial markers (total coliforms and molds) and the behavior over time of two specific feed contaminants (Salmonella spp. and mycotoxins). Results... | Safety and quality of compound feed for experimental animals in Costa Rica is unknown. Some contaminants, such as Salmonella spp. and mycotoxins, could elicit confounding effects in laboratory animals used for biomedical research. In this study, different batches of extruded animal feed, intended for laboratory rodents... | 1. IntroductionThe quality and safety control of the diets for laboratory animals is crucial for the welfare of the animals and to ensure that experimental outcomes are not biased by unintended nutritional or contamination factors [1,2]. Chemical and biological contaminants of feeds, such as bacteria, bacterial toxins,... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"laboratory animals",
"murine models",
"animal feed",
"feed microbiological safety",
"Salmonella",
"indicator organisms",
"mycotoxins"
] |
10.3390/ani11113310 | PMC8614361 | Cortisol is a key stress hormone in teleosts. Cortisol exerts its effects through genomic—and membrane-initiated mechanisms, however, the role of the latter in long-term stress responses is unknown. Here, we treated Sparus aurata with cortisol or cortisol-BSA (exclusive inductor to membrane-initiated effects) to emulat... | Cortisol is the main glucocorticoid hormone promoting compensatory metabolic responses of stress in teleosts. This hormone acts through genomic and membrane-initiated actions to exert its functions inside the cell. Experimental approaches, using exogenous cortisol administration, confirm the role of this hormone during... | 1. IntroductionIn recent decades, efforts have been made in aquaculture to improve management practices and the monitoring of animal welfare trough the evaluation of novel and/or classical stress indicators [1,2,3,4]. Cortisol is the main hormone that promotes compensatory metabolic response to stress in teleost fish [... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"cortisol",
"energetic metabolism",
"fish",
"glucocorticoids",
"Sparus aurata",
"stress response"
] |
10.3390/ani13091550 | PMC10177029 | A salivary mucocele is the most common disorder affecting the salivary glands. Saliva leakage from the salivary gland parenchyma and/or from associated duct damage causes a chronic inflammatory process which can occasionally result in osseous metaplasia. Dogs having an ossified sialocele present with a hard, non-fluctu... | Saliva is an irritant of the subcutaneous tissue, thus causing the development of a non-epithelial reactive pseudocapsule. Metaplastic ossification of the pseudocapsule is a condition rarely described in the veterinary literature. The main causes of calcification are trauma, tumours, various chronic inflammatory condit... | 1. IntroductionSalivary gland (SG) disorders have rarely been described in dogs and cats, with only a 0.3% overall prevalence of veterinary consultations [1]. Salivary gland disorders in dogs include neoplasm, sialadenitis, salivary mucocele (commonly called sialocele) and various degenerative or fibrotic lesions [1]. ... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"sialocele",
"mucocele",
"salivary glands",
"osseous metaplasia",
"dog",
"soft tissue surgery"
] |
10.3390/ani11123455 | PMC8697938 | The probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain H57 (H57) may reinforce preferential feeding behaviour by changing ruminal fermentation parameters. Four rumen-fistulated steers were offered feedlot pellets, with (H57) or without (Control, C) the H57 probiotic. Half of the pellets were added to the rumen, at time zero, ... | This study examined whether the probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain H57 (H57) affects ruminal fermentation parameters that exercise post-ingestive feedback appetite control mechanisms. A 4 × 4 Latin square design was used to separate pre- and post-ingestive effects of H57 in four rumen-fistulated steers. The st... | 1. IntroductionReduced appetite and feed intake are common clinical signs of stress in cattle [1] and the amelioration thereof is increasingly a regulated requirement in the ruminant industries [2]. Probiotics can improve feed intake in ruminants, thus sustaining their performance and wellbeing during stressful situati... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"Bacillus amyloliquefaciensH57",
"feed preference",
"ruminal pH",
"ruminal VFA",
"appetite"
] |
10.3390/ani11040960 | PMC8065711 | The aim of this study was to determine the effect of partial and total replacement of protein from genetically modified soybean meal (GM-SBM) with protein from 00-rapeseed meal (00-RSM), alone or in combination with protein from low-tannin faba bean seeds (FB) or low-alkaloid yellow lupine seeds (YL) in grower-finisher... | The aim of this study was to determine the effect of partial and total replacement of protein from genetically modified soybean meal (GM-SBM) with protein from 00-rapeseed meal (00-RSM), alone or in combination with protein from low-tannin faba bean (Vicia faba L.) seeds (FB) or low-alkaloid yellow lupine (Lupinus lute... | 1. IntroductionModern pig fattening is based on complete diets with the nutritional value corresponding to the growth rate and protein deposition potential of animals. Pigs have high protein requirements; therefore, cereal-based diets must also contain high-protein components such as meals, including imported genetical... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"growing-fattening pigs",
"alternative vegetable protein sources",
"nutrient digestibility",
"nitrogen retention",
"blood biochemical parameters",
"fattening performance",
"carcass quality"
] |
10.3390/ani11092550 | PMC8464814 | This study investigated the effects of Pennisetum purpureum waste mushroom compost (PWMC) supplementation on microbiota, as well as its effects on the antioxidant capacities and inflammatory response characteristics of broiler chickens. Results showed that a 5% replacement of a soybean meal via PWMC feeds could enhance... | This study investigated the effects of using mushroom waste compost as the residue medium for Pleurotus eryngii planting, which was used as a feed replacement; its consequent influence on broiler chickens’ intestinal microbiota, anti-inflammatory responses, and anti-oxidative status was likewise studied. A total of 240... | 1. IntroductionAgricultural by-products such as wheat bran, crop hull, straw, etc., are inevitable substances in the agricultural process, but they are often not effectively used [1,2]. On the other hand, feed accounts for at least half of costs in the production of animal-related products [1,2]. However, with the incr... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"agriculture by-product",
"anti-inflammatory",
"antioxidant",
"broiler",
"microbiota"
] |
10.3390/ani12070914 | PMC8997066 | Laboratory tests are an integral part of the overall diagnostic procedures for both physiological and pathological conditions. Ovariohysterectomy (OHE) in bitches is an invasive procedure, producing moderate to severe pain. The response to surgical stress is characterized by a series of neuroendocrine and metabolic cha... | The aim of this study was to monitor hematochemical changes during and after OHE in bitches. Twenty-four females were anesthetized with alfaxalone, midazolam, morphine and sevoflurane. Blood samples were taken before anesthesia (T0), at 30 (T1), and 60 min (T2), at 3 (T3), 6 (T4), 12 (T5), and 24 h (T6), and at 3 (T7) ... | 1. IntroductionOvariohysterectomy (OHE) is one of the most common surgical contraceptive techniques used for population control in bitches. Other potential benefits of sterilization include prevention of inherited diseases, elimination of undesirable behaviors associated with hormonal cycling and if performed before 2½... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"alfaxalone",
"biochemistry",
"dog",
"hematology",
"ovariohysterectomy"
] |
10.3390/ani12060776 | PMC8944486 | Cattle are large animals that can cause serious injuries to humans. Humans may encounter cattle through working on farms, living on a farm, or traversing fields with cattle. A systematic review was carried out to assess the factors which may lead to a dangerous interaction with cattle. A literature search was carried o... | Cattle production necessitates potentially dangerous human–animal interactions. Cattle are physically strong, large animals that can inflict injuries on humans accidentally or through aggressive behaviour. This study provides a systematic review of literature relating to farm management practices (including humans invo... | 1. IntroductionWorking with cattle is widely reported as a major cause of human injury on the farm [1,2,3]. This is a global problem, with cattle cited as the cause of injury in 127 hospitalisations in the midland region of New Zealand over a five-year period [4] and 221 cattle-induced injuries reported over a seven-ye... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Systematic Review"
] | [
"injury",
"behaviour",
"management",
"handling",
"facilities"
] |
10.3390/ani11082394 | PMC8388618 | Campylobacter spp. has been the leading cause of human diarrhea in EU since 2005. Although poultry and poultry meat are considered as the primary source of transmission of campylobacteriosis to humans, pigs can be a significant reservoir of the pathogen, as well. Moreover, the increase of antibiotic resistance in the s... | The purpose of this research was to characterize the antibiotic resistance patterns of Campylobacter spp. isolated from commercial farrow to finish farms in Greece, and analyze the relevant molecular resistance mechanisms among the resistant Campylobacter isolates. Susceptibility testing to five different classes of an... | 1. IntroductionCampylobacter spp. are common pathogenic bacteria of both veterinary and human public health importance. They constitute the most common human gastrointestinal pathogens reported in EU since 2005 [1]. In 2018 in EU, the number of laboratory confirmed cases of human campylobacteriosis was 246,571, corresp... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"Campylobacter",
"pigs",
"antimicrobial resistance"
] |
10.3390/ani13081345 | PMC10135201 | Cultivated fish face multiple stressors that impact their viability, growth, and health; additionally, environmental stressors provoke the transmission of bacterial diseases in fish populations. It is widely recognized that feed supplements of plant origin can alleviate stress in fish via the stimulation of non-specifi... | Natural feed supplements have been shown to improve fish viability, health, and growth, and the ability to withstand multiple stressors related to intensive cultivation. We assumed that a dietary mix of plant-origin substances, such as dihydroquercetin, a flavonoid with antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobi... | 1. IntroductionRainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, is one of the most cage-cultured fish species in high-latitude countries due to its fast growth in low-temperature environments [1,2]. Unlike wild conspecifics, intensively farmed fish are known for having an altered physiological state and increased susceptibility to ... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"rainbow trout",
"dihydroquercetin",
"arabinogalactan",
"bacterial infection",
"antioxidant system",
"lipids"
] |
10.3390/ani13071185 | PMC10093030 | Previous study showed that moderate amounts of CPC in place of fishmeal can improve the growth performance of Litopenaeus vannamei, but there have been limited investigations of the mechanism of the immunological response to CPC substitution for fishmeal. In this study, high-throughput sequencing analysis was employed ... | Cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) is a new non-food protein source with high crude protein, low price, and abundant resources, making it an ideal substitute for fishmeal. In this study, we investigated the effects of CPC re placing fishmeal on the immune response of Litopenaeus vannamei using transcriptome sequencin... | 1. IntroductionLitopenaeus vannamei, commonly known as the South American white shrimp, belongs to the Arthropoda, Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeid, and Penaeus [1]. It is native to the eastern Pacific Ocean in northern Peru and Sonora, Mexico, and was introduced to China in 1988. Shrimp is currently one of China’s most im... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"cottonseed protein concentrate",
"immunoregulation",
"transcriptome",
"Litopenaeus vannamei"
] |
10.3390/ani11041039 | PMC8067852 | With the increasing pressure to address the problems of bacterial resistance and drug residues, medicinal herbs are gradually taking a more important role in animal production. Scutellaria baicalensis is a common and widely used Chinese medicinal herb. The main bioactive compounds in the plant are baicalein and baicali... | Drugs have been widely adopted in animal production. However, drug residues and bacterial resistance are a worldwide issue, and thus the most important organizations (FAO, USDA, EU, and EFSA) have limited or banned the use of some drugs and the use of antibiotics as growth promoters. Natural products such as medicinal ... | 1. IntroductionFood from animal sources provides the human body with protein, fat, minerals, vitamin A, B vitamins, and other nutrients, thus giving animal products an important role in the food supply worldwide. Improving the health and production of food animals would also benefit human health. Manufactured chemical ... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Review"
] | [
"Scutellaria baicalensis",
"extract",
"sustainable animal production",
"medicinal herb",
"feed"
] |
10.3390/ani13050824 | PMC10000244 | Interactions between free-roaming dogs and humans influence the quality of life and behavior of both species. Understanding the spatial distribution of free-roaming dogs is essential in designing policies to control zoonoses and improve canine well-being. In the present study, by means of photographic captures and reca... | Understanding the distribution of dogs in the environment is relevant for establishing human and animal health actions. In the present study, we analyzed the influence of community feeders and commercial food outlets on the spatial distribution of free-roaming dogs in an urban area of a municipality in Southeast Brazil... | 1. IntroductionIn Brazil, dogs are part of the urban ecosystem in both small country towns and large city conurbations [1]. The canine population within the country is estimated to number around 54.2 million animals [2], with a large proportion being free-roaming dogs that roam the streets freely without the direct sup... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"photographic captures",
"stray dogs",
"ecology and behavior",
"animal welfare"
] |
10.3390/ani11061580 | PMC8230262 | Changes in skin mucus production and composition offer a new means to study how fish cope with changes in the environment. We explored the utility of skin mucus as an indicator of physiological responses and energy use in a reference fish species, the European sea bass. We evaluated the exudation volume of skin mucus a... | The European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) is a euryhaline marine teleost that can often be found in brackish and freshwater or even in hypersaline environments. Here, we exposed sea bass juveniles to sustained salinity challenges for 15 days, simulating one hypoosmotic (3‰), one isosmotic (12‰) and one hyperosmotic ... | 1. IntroductionWild European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) moves seasonally from seawater to freshwater environments and vice versa, including coastal areas, lagoons, estuaries and other parts of rivers [1,2,3,4]. Despite this haline plasticity, water salinity can affect sea bass growth in extreme conditions below 10... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"Dicentrarchus labrax",
"mucus exudation",
"salinity adaptation",
"osmoregulation",
"gill Na+/K+-ATPase"
] |
10.3390/ani11030838 | PMC8002347 | Cattle are fed a high-concentrate diet to improve their productivity; however, it alters the rumen ecosystem due to high structural carbohydrates level, resulting in ruminal acidosis. This study investigated the effect of changing diet on ruminal fermentation parameters, bacterial community composition, and expressed g... | Effects of changing diet on rumen fermentation parameters, bacterial community composition, and transcriptome profiles were determined in three rumen-cannulated Holstein Friesian cows using a 3 × 4 cross-over design. Treatments include HF-1 (first high-forage diet), HC-1 (first high-concentrate diet), HC-2 (succeeding ... | 1. IntroductionDairy cattle feeding patterns have been changed to provide the required energy and nutrients by feeding them concentrate feeds instead of fiber-rich forages [1]. Dairy cattle frequently undergo dietary transitions to meet the energy requirements for milk production around the start of their lactation per... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"dairy cows",
"changing diet",
"rumen fermentation",
"bacterial community",
"transcriptome"
] |
10.3390/ani13081428 | PMC10135321 | The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Ovopel on the reproductive effectiveness (measured as weight of eggs, egg quality, and ovulation rate) of females from two strains (Polish line 6 and Lithuanian line B) of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and 17α,20β-dihydro... | The study evaluates the impact of Ovopel on the reproductive effectiveness of carp from Polish line 6 and Lithuanian line B and the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and 17α,20β-dihydroxyprogesterone (17α,20β-DHP) in females from these lines during ovulation induction. The levels of both hormones were determined in b... | 1. IntroductionThe common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) is a fish species of significant importance for the aquaculture industries of many countries. In 2019, global carp production reached 3,821,611 tonnes [1]. In 2020, carp production in Poland was estimated at around 21,000 tonnes [2].Even though carp can easily reprodu... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"common carp",
"Ovopel",
"luteinizing hormone",
"17α,20β-dihydroxyprogesterone",
"reproduction"
] |
10.3390/ani11041085 | PMC8068923 | We pose based on a fundamental science examination that events that occur around the time of slaughter have the potential to intensify the pain response, through a process called sensitisation, or an exaggerated response to painful stimuli. Health conditions which result in inflammation, injuries arising from transport... | We pose, based on a neurobiological examination, that events that occur around the time of slaughter have the potential to intensify the pain response, through the processes of sensitisation and enhanced transmission. Sensitisation, or an enhanced response to painful stimuli, is a well-discussed phenomenon in the human... | 1. IntroductionRecently the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) revised the definition of pain to “an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage” [1]. Pain experienced by animals at abattoirs has long been a topic ... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Review"
] | [
"pain",
"abattoir",
"sensitisation",
"stunning",
"cattle",
"river buffalo",
"animal welfare",
"Halal",
"Shechita",
"Kosher"
] |
10.3390/ani11092744 | PMC8464926 | Crimes against companion animals are universal and represent a major problem in human/animal interaction. This study characterizes forensic cases received at the Laboratory of Pathology of the National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Investigation (Vairão, Portugal) since the enforcement of the Portuguese law that... | Animal crimes are a widespread phenomenon with serious implications for animal welfare, individual well-being and for society in general. These crimes are universal and represent a major problem in human/animal interaction. In Portugal, current law 69/2014 criminalizes the mistreatment and abandonment of companion anim... | 1. IntroductionAnimals are endowed with conscience and remain the most vulnerable group of all sentient beings, as they totally depend on humans to survive. Animals need care in the same way as children do, but unlike them, they do not have a voice, and will never gain independence, remaining vulnerable throughout thei... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"animal abuse",
"forensic veterinary necropsy",
"dogs",
"cats"
] |
10.3390/ani13060955 | PMC10044561 | The rhinoceros iguana (Cyclura cornuta cornuta), like many other iguana species, has become severely endangered as a result of human activities, earning the highest level of protection under the CITES convention for protected species. Moreover, it has been classified as vulnerable by the International Union for Conserv... | In this paper, we attempted to elaborate on an atlas of the head of the rhinoceros iguana, applying modern imaging techniques such as CT and MRI. Furthermore, by combining the images acquired through these techniques with macroscopic anatomical sections, we obtained an adequate description of the relevant structures th... | 1. IntroductionThe rhinoceros iguana (Cyclura cornuta cornuta), belonging to the Iguanidae family, is an endemic species of the island of Hispaniola, in the Caribbean Sea [1]. Its skin has rough epidermal scales, and its greyish-brown or olive coloring camouflages very well with the environment. The name comes from the... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"computed tomography",
"magnetic resonance imaging",
"gross-sections",
"reptiles",
"anatomy",
"head",
"rhinoceros iguana"
] |
10.3390/ani11082235 | PMC8388426 | The aim of this study was to evaluate the proinflammatory (interleukin 12, GM-CSF, interferon-γ) to anti-inflammatory (interleukins 10, 4) cytokine ratios, oxidant level (malondialdehyde) and antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase) activities in sera from symptomatic and asymptomatic cattle in... | The aim of this study was to measure the serum proinflammatory (IL-12, GM-CSF & IFN-γ) to anti-inflammatory (IL-10, IL-4) cytokine ratio, oxidant (MDA) level and antioxidant enzyme (SOD; GPx) activities after blood parasite infections. The blood and serum samples were obtained from 130 cattle and screened for identity ... | 1. IntroductionVector-borne diseases such as those caused by Anaplasma, Theileria, Trypanosoma, haemotropic Mycoplasma (hemoplasma) species are common in tropical and sub-tropical parts of the world. This is ascribed to the constant interaction between these haematophagous vectors and host, and a favourable hot and hum... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"cytokines",
"serum",
"ELISA",
"asymptomatic and symptomatic cattle",
"blood parasites",
"oxidant/antioxidant"
] |
10.3390/ani12070937 | PMC8996838 | Toxicological studies of the effects of BPA on tropical clawed frog (Xenopus tropicalis) early embryos show that temporary exposure to BPA during early embryonic development can result in dramatic teratogenesis, DNA damage, and abnormal gene expression. The overall results of this study provide valuable insights for a ... | Bisphenol A (BPA), an environmental estrogen, is widely used and largely released into the hydrosphere, thus inducing adverse effects in aquatic organisms. Here, Xenopus tropicalis was used as an animal model to investigate the oxidative effects of BPA on early embryonic development. BPA exposure prevalently caused dev... | 1. IntroductionBisphenol A (BPA) is currently a widely used plastic monomer and plasticizer. BPA levels were found to be increasing rapidly in the hydrosphere, especially in developing regions [1]. In addition, BPA can be released from a variety of products, including dental sealants [2], tin cans [3], and food contact... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"teratogenesis",
"oxidative stress",
"DNA damage",
"RT-qPCR",
"antioxidant regulator pathway"
] |
10.3390/ani13111825 | PMC10251992 | The concept of flagship species plays a vital role in biodiversity conservation. In order to establish a technical route for selecting flagship species and strengthen the application of the concept of flagship species in biodiversity conservation at the local scale, we selected birds as a target group and conducted a s... | The concept of flagship species is widely used in conservation biology. Flagship birds play a key role in raising conservation funds, increasing awareness of biodiversity conservation, and maintaining ecosystem services. This study selected flagship bird species in Lishui, Zhejiang Province, China, and assessed their c... | 1. IntroductionThe Earth is currently experiencing its sixth mass extinction event [1,2] due to habitat destruction, over-exploitation, environmental change, climate change, and other reasons [3]. One of the most important challenges facing humanity in the 21st century is how to prevent species extinction and natural h... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"flagship species",
"analytic hierarchy process",
"entropy weight method",
"MaxEnt model",
"umbrella species"
] |
10.3390/ani11071993 | PMC8300349 | In order to obtain accurate infrared predictions, a large number of training animals are needed, aiming to increase the predictive ability of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) predictions. In this study, we compared different validation scenarios that involved combining specialized and dual-purpose dairy breeds in the ... | In general, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) predictions are developed using a single-breed population split into a training and a validation set. However, using populations formed of different breeds is an attractive way to design cross-validation scenarios aimed at increasing prediction for difficult-to-measure trai... | 1. IntroductionFourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) technique is used to obtain the infrared spectra of absorption, emission, and photoconductivity of solids, liquids, and gases. It measures the vibration and rotation of molecules determined by infrared radiation at a specific wavelength [1]. In the animal br... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"dual-purpose dairy breed",
"Fourier-transform infrared",
"specialized dairy breed",
"validation strategies"
] |
10.3390/ani11030743 | PMC8002136 | Physical exercise induces various stress responses leading to a disturbance of homeostasis and a number of regulatory systems are called upon to return the body to a new level of equilibrium. The aim of this study was to evaluate the peripheral modulators of serotoninergic function and neurohumoral factors’ changes in ... | The current study aimed to investigate whether peripheral modulators of serotoninergic function and neurohumoral factors’ changes in athletic horses during an official jumping competition, and to evaluate their relationship with the physical performance of competing horses. From 7 Italian Saddle mares (6–9 years; mean ... | 1. IntroductionAnimals competing in equestrian disciplines, particularly in show jumping, are required to have high technical skills. Among the parameters considered for the evaluation of athletic performance in horses, heart rate and blood lactate concentration are the most studied as these parameters are good indices... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"jumping exercise",
"horses",
"amino acids",
"athletic performance",
"serum dopamine",
"serum prolactin"
] |
10.3390/ani13101666 | PMC10215638 | Blended learning strategies are becoming more popular in health sciences teaching, including veterinary medicine. However, the use of these methods in practical classes is less commonly described. This paper outlines a blended learning approach using flipped classrooms, collaborative learning, and gamification in gross... | The use of blended learning strategies is increasingly common in health sciences, including veterinary medicine; however, there are very few descriptions of these methods being applied to practicals. We describe here the application of blended learning based on the implementation of flipped classrooms with collaborativ... | 1. IntroductionHigher education in health sciences disciplines is constantly evolving. Advances in technology and the application of new pedagogical approaches are modifying university teaching. In recent years, the emergence of COVID-19 has led to a rethinking of the ways of teaching and to the development of new peda... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"anatomy",
"flipped classroom",
"blended learning",
"dissection",
"prosection",
"team-work"
] |
10.3390/ani11113014 | PMC8614311 | We first report the prevalence of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Holstein Cows and dairy buffalo in Yunnan province of China, with a percentage of positivity of 0.59% (5/841). Two novel zoonotic potential genotypes of E. bieneusi were found. We analyzed the different influencing factors (region, season, variety, breeding m... | Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a fungus-like protist parasite that can cause diarrhea and enteric diseases. The infection of E. bieneusi has been reported in many host species, including cattle and humans. However, information on prevalence and genotype distribution of E. bieneusi in dairy cattle in Yunnan province in Chin... | 1. IntroductionEnterocytozoon bieneusi belongs to microsporidial species. It is an enteric unicellular microsporidian parasite that can infect invertebrate and vertebrate hosts worldwide [1]. The phylum microsporidia consists of more than 200 microsporidian genera with more than 1500 species [2,3]. E. bieneusi is the m... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Communication"
] | [
"dairy cattle",
"Enterocytozoon bieneusi",
"prevalence",
"zoonotic potential",
"Yunnan province",
"China"
] |
10.3390/ani13071273 | PMC10093556 | In this systematic review, we assessed studies on automatic monitoring of respiratory disease in livestock. This can help to understand if precision livestock farming (PLF) technologies are able to fulfill their purpose and can provide insights into the potential of commercially available PLF options. Few PLF technolog... | Respiratory diseases commonly affect livestock species, negatively impacting animal’s productivity and welfare. The use of precision livestock farming (PLF) applied in respiratory disease detection has been developed for several species. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate if PLF technologies can reliably... | 1. IntroductionWorldwide livestock respiratory diseases are highly prevalent, reducing productivity and increasing death risk [1]. In poultry production, animal-level prevalence ranges from 3% [2] to 49.3% [3] while flock-level respiratory diseases prevalence often reaches over 80% [4]. In swine, 38.5% [5] of animals a... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Systematic Review"
] | [
"sensor",
"smart farming",
"bioacoustic",
"animal welfare",
"health monitoring"
] |
10.3390/ani11082458 | PMC8388640 | The nematode species Anisakis simplex sensu stricto (s.s.) and Anisakis pegreffii are wormlike parasites found in commonly consumed fish and are the main cause of human anisakiasis. Outwardly, the two nematodes are extremely similar and difficult to distinguish, especially in their larval forms. Genetic analysis has di... | The sibling species Anisakis simplex (s.s.) and Anisakis pegreffii are parasites of marine mammals and fish worldwide and the main causative agents of human anisakiasis. In sympatric areas, a hybrid genotype between the two species has been identified, mainly in third-stage larvae, but rarely in fourth-stage and adult ... | 1. IntroductionAscaridoid nematodes of the family Anisakidae include species with sanitary and/or commercial impact that are found worldwide in fish and marine mammals [1,2,3]. The life cycle of these parasites includes cetaceans and pinnipeds as definitive hosts, a wide range of fish and cephalopods as paratenic and/o... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"Anisakis simplex(s.s.)",
"Anisakis pegreffii",
"hybrid genotype",
"in vitro culture",
"Spanish marine waters",
"genotyping approach"
] |
10.3390/ani12010036 | PMC8749609 | As far as it is known, studies dealing with antimicrobial resistance in certain species of staphylococci, in particular, S. chromogenes and S. simulans, isolated from products made from unpasteurized milk are limited. In addition to that, little attention was paid to the resistance of staphylococcal isolates from regio... | S. aureus and some species of coagulase-negative staphylococci, including S. chromogenes and S. simulans, commonly cause intramammary infections. However, little attention was paid to the antimicrobial resistance of these species with respect to their occurrence in dairy products, for example, popular sheep and goat ch... | 1. IntroductionOne of the oldest fermented foods is cheese [1,2]. Cheese has been part of the human diet for thousands of years, although there have been changes in dietary patterns associated with technical, social, and economic progress in individual geographical regions. The cheese fermentation process and use depen... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"antimicrobial resistance",
"MALDI-TOF MS",
"mecAgene",
"PCR",
"Staphylococcussp."
] |
10.3390/ani13050863 | PMC10000030 | Newly weaned pigs are typically fed combinations of cereals and proteins to maximise performance. In the absence of the use of certain antimicrobial compounds, combinations of cereals and protein sources can also be used strategically to reduce dysbiosis in the gastrointestinal tract. This experiment examined the impac... | Different cereal types, in combination with different protein sources, are fed to pigs after weaning, but their interactions and possible implications are not well researched. In this study, 84 male weaned piglets were used in a 21-day feeding trial to investigate the effects of feeding either medium-grain or long-grai... | 1. IntroductionPostweaning diarrhoea (PWD), typically caused by the activity of enterotoxigenic and (or) enteropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli in the small intestine, remains a problem in commercial pig production in some parts of the world. This is exacerbated by bans or restrictions on the use of antimicrobial... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"pigs",
"weaning",
"rice",
"performance",
"diarrhoea",
"digestibility"
] |
10.3390/ani12050589 | PMC8909795 | Acute phase proteins (APPs) are useful markers which can be evaluated in animals to assess health status and characterize inflammation, infection, and trauma. Among APPs, serum amyloid A (SAA) has been widely investigated in pets and food-producing species as a possible biomarker of inflammatory and infective condition... | The investigation of acute phase proteins in veterinary medicine has opened the doors towards the identification and use of new markers for a timely assessment of health status in both companion and food-producing animals. The aim of this paper is to review the literature available on the use of serum amyloid A (SAA), ... | 1. IntroductionAn ongoing challenge in both human and veterinary medicine is discovering new biomarkers, for early identification of subclinical disease, while being able to identify healthy and ill animals [1]. Biomarkers are biological molecules (usually proteins) found in cells, tissues, and body fluids (blood, urin... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Review"
] | [
"acute phase protein",
"serum amyloid A",
"bitch",
"cow",
"mare",
"endometritis",
"mastitis"
] |
10.3390/ani12010079 | PMC8749613 | Metabolomics is a powerful approach that is based on the identification in biological samples of metabolites, which production and levels may vary due to factors intrinsic to the environment and the organism. For a correct data interpretation, it is, therefore, necessary to first evaluate the metabolome of the tissue/o... | Metabolomics is a powerful approach in evaluating the health status of organisms in ecotoxicological studies. However, metabolomics data reflect metabolic variations that are attributable to factors intrinsic to the environment and organism, and it is thus crucial to accurately evaluate the metabolome of the tissue/org... | 1. IntroductionMetabolomics is a powerful and sensitive tool to evaluate the health status of aquatic organisms in environmental ecotoxicological studies [1]. It provides complete and accurate information on the biochemical responses to contaminants exposure, complementing evidence that are provided by the use of conve... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"fish metabolome",
"NMR-based metabolomics",
"Chelon auratus",
"liver",
"gills",
"polar metabolites",
"mercury pollution"
] |
10.3390/ani11113250 | PMC8614291 | Melanomas are skin tumors of the pigment-producing melanocytes. Equine melanomas are among the most frequently diagnosed tumors affecting grey horses. The melanocytic tumors progress to malignancy in more than two-thirds of cases. Previous laboratory experiments and studies with horses utilizing the naturally occurring... | The naturally occurring betulinic acid (BA) and its derivative NVX-207 induce apoptosis in equine melanoma cells in vitro. After topical application, high concentrations of the substances can be reached in healthy equine skin. With the aim to investigate the effect and safety of topically applied BA and NVX-207 in hors... | 1. IntroductionThe susceptibility to melanoma development in grey horses is high due to genetic mutations [1,2]. Early stages of the melanomas located mainly in the dermis frequently occur as single, black-pigmented, firm nodules in glabrous skin under the tail root, around the anus, perineum, external genitalia, in th... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"equine melanocytic tumor",
"horse",
"oncology",
"skin neoplasia",
"topical drug",
"triterpenoids"
] |
10.3390/ani11123377 | PMC8698180 | The Wolong National Nature Reserve in Sichuan province covers a unique mountainous ecosystem located on the eastern border of the Tibetan Plateau in China. We applied a popular non-invasive observational method, i.e., infrared-triggered camera trapping, to gain thousands of photographs of wildlife to monitor biodiversi... | The high-altitude ecosystem of the Tibetan Plateau in China is a biodiversity hotspot that provides unique habitats for endemic and relict species along an altitudinal gradient at the eastern edge. Acquiring biodiversity information in this area, where the average altitude is over 4000 m, has been difficult but has bee... | 1. IntroductionThe main problems that constrain the efficacy of biodiversity conservation in China include habitat loss and fragmentation, overuse and environmental pollution. The underlying causes are unsustainable economic development and the pressures of land development that reduce biodiversity [1]. It is important... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"biodiversity",
"environmental factor",
"camera trapping",
"mountain",
"wildlife"
] |
10.3390/ani11030856 | PMC8002700 | Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is an annual herbaceous plant, globally distributed and cultivated in the past as an important source of fiber. Recently, the interest in hemp cultivation has significantly increased, considering its positive impact on the environment and the production of feed and food of high nutritional val... | Recently, hemp (Cannabis Sativa L.) was rediscovery as a plant that offers a wide variety of applications (textile, pharmaceuticals, construction, etc.), including also the use in animal and human nutrition. The inclusion of whole seeds and co-products obtained by processing of seeds (cake, meal, and oil) in the diets ... | 1. IntroductionThe consumption of animal products (meat, milk, and eggs) is growing globally mainly due to an increase in world population, greater incomes, and urbanization [1]. The growing demand for livestock products can have an undesirable impact on the environment, considering, in particular, low energy conversio... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Review"
] | [
"hemp",
"dairy ruminants",
"milk yield",
"milk composition",
"fatty acid profile"
] |
10.3390/ani13081326 | PMC10134968 | In dairy cows, twin pregnancies and twinning are highly undesirable as they compromise health, welfare, and productive lifespans. We propose that the negative effects of twinning can be avoided by inducing twin reduction. Among dairy cows in their third lactation or more, the incidence of twin pregnancies may be as hig... | This study provides new unique information on bovine twin pairs during the late embryonic period (28–34 days of pregnancy) in relation to (1) a predictive ultrasound measurement that was differential for sexing heterosexual twins; (2) intrauterine embryonic growth patterns in twin pairs; and (3) a higher vulnerability ... | 1. IntroductionIn mammals, a male embryo develops faster than a female embryo before the differentiation of the gonads [1,2,3]. This phenomenon was already described in 1917 as the result of studying freemartinism in bovine twin pregnancies [4,5,6]. Subsequent work confirmed this finding [7,8,9]. Placental vascular ana... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"co-twin embryos",
"freemartinism",
"heterosexual twins",
"male embryo growth",
"sex differentiation",
"sexual organogenesis",
"twin growth patterns"
] |
10.3390/ani11082183 | PMC8388447 | Fasting is usually used before metabolizable energy assessment in poultry. Recently, fasting-induced autophagy has been of concern because of the beneficial function of autophagy. In this study, we found that the intestinal autophagy gene Atg7 has a good quadratic fitting with fasting duration. We found that the serum ... | Fasting-induced autophagy in the intestine is beneficial for body health. This study was designed to explore the relationship between the host metabolism and intestinal autophagy. Broilers were randomly assigned into 48 cages. At 0 (CT), 12 (FH12), 24 (FH24), 36 (FH36), 48(FH48), and 72 h (FH72) before 09:00 a.m. on da... | 1. IntroductionFasting is becoming more popular in the public because of its beneficial effects, such as anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and body fat loss [1]. Additionally, fasting is also used to empty the gastrointestinal tract before analyzing the energy efficiency of certain feed ingredient in chickens [2,3,4,5]. D... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"fasting",
"serum metabolome",
"broiler chicken",
"autophagy"
] |
10.3390/ani13091560 | PMC10177327 | Selenium is an essential trace mineral for better performance, meat quality, and health benefits in farm animals. In broiler diets, selenium has been added in inorganic or organic form to maintain the selenium requirement of the chickens. Researchers have studied the effects and applications of both inorganic and organ... | A total of 252 one-day-old Ross broilers were randomly allocated to one of six treatments in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with respective Eimeria challenges (non-infection and infection) and three different selenium (Se) diets. Dietary treatments were as follows: (1) Se un-supplemented control (CON), (2) inorganic Se ... | 1. IntroductionTrace mineral selenium (Se) has been used in poultry diets for a few decades because of its well-known health benefits. Some of these benefits include maintaining the growth performance, redox potential, reproduction, and immune function of the chickens [1]. In broiler diets, Se is added in inorganic or ... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"selenium",
"broiler",
"coccidiosis",
"antibiotic alternative",
"gut health",
"oxidative stress"
] |
10.3390/ani12010105 | PMC8749769 | Dog population estimates are necessary to design effective rabies and dog population control programs. Dog population sizes vary drastically from country to country and vary within a country based on human tolerance, pet ownership practices, culture, religion, and several other factors. Human density, level of urbanisa... | Understanding dog population dynamics plays a vital role in planning both rabies and dog management interventions. Establishing a human to dog ratio and an understanding how the urban/rural nature of the community might affect the overall dog population estimate provides an easy-to-use reference to estimate approximate... | 1. IntroductionDogs have evolved to be with humans or close to human settlements for survival [1]. Dogs are usually very dependent on human food provision and the relative dog population (e.g., dogs per 1000 people) fluctuates according to the level of human tolerance [2]. In many countries (mostly high income), the re... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"dog population",
"household survey",
"dog",
"dogs per 1000 humans",
"dog density",
"anti-rabies vaccination",
"mobile phone application",
"mass vaccination",
"rabies"
] |
10.3390/ani11051403 | PMC8156665 | Inflammatory diseases of the reproductive tract of bitches are a common problem in veterinary practice. Vaginitis, which is an inflammation of the vagina, may have various causes and degrees of severity. The aim of this study was to analyze whether the inflammation of the vagina in dogs causes changes in the parameters... | Vaginitis in female dogs is a problem most veterinarians face in their practice. It manifests as localized inflammation, and its variable etiology and different severities often make diagnosis problematic. The study consisted of comparing blood smears taken from 16 animals: 8 healthy bitches and 8 bitches with confirme... | 1. IntroductionVaginitis is a disease that does not occur frequently, although any practicing veterinarian is likely to encounter it. Vaginitis can occur in any age or breed, and in both intact and spayed bitches. The causes of vaginitis can be very diverse, and include bacterial infection, viral infection (e.g., herpe... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Communication"
] | [
"erythrocyte",
"leukocyte",
"blood",
"dog",
"inflammatory"
] |
10.3390/ani11051329 | PMC8148579 | The transport and general handling of slaughter animals are associated with a series of events that cause stressful and unfavorable conditions that can compromise animal welfare. All these stressful events start at the farm and end with the death of the animal. In this experiment, we evaluated the effect of two finishi... | The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of two different pasture-based finishing strategies and lairage time on steers welfare in Uruguayan conditions. Sixty Hereford (H) and Braford (B) steers were assigned to two different diets for finishing purposes: (D1) native pasture plus corn grain (1% of li... | 1. IntroductionThe transport and handling of slaughter animals are associated with a series of events that cause stressful and unfavorable conditions that can compromise animal welfare, increase the chance of spreading disease [1,2] and reduce the meat quality [3,4]. All these potentially stressful events start at the ... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"stress response",
"transport in cattle",
"lairage time",
"temperament"
] |
10.3390/ani13050878 | PMC10000046 | In this study we addressed the analysis of human breast cancer and canine and feline mammary tumors with regard to the expression, at either gene or protein level, of some molecules that are related to the capacity of an epithelial cell to become mesenchymal (epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition), acquiring higher abil... | Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process by which epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal properties. EMT has been closely associated with cancer cell aggressiveness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mRNA and protein expression of EMT-associated markers in mammary tumors of humans (HBC), dogs (CMT)... | 1. IntroductionMammary gland cancer is the most common tumor in women [1] and in female dogs [2], and the third most common neoplasia in cats [3]. Human breast cancer (HBC) is classified into four main subtypes according to the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and epidermal growth facto... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"E-cadherin",
"epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition",
"mammary tumors",
"SNAIL",
"TWIST",
"ZEB"
] |
10.3390/ani11102920 | PMC8532946 | Anesthesia is often required for the medical management of large tortoise species, but little has been published regarding effective anesthetic regimens for these species. The purpose of this study was to review anesthetic regimens that have been used safely and effectively in Galapagos (Chelonoidis nigra), Aldabra (Al... | Tortoises belong to the taxonomic family Testudinidae, which is considered one of the most imperiled families of the order Testudines. Anesthesia is often required for the medical and surgical management of large tortoises. The objectives of this retrospective study were to review drug regimens used to successfully ane... | 1. IntroductionPhysical examination and diagnostic evaluation can be difficult in conscious giant tortoises because of their unique anatomy, large size, and behavior. Consequently, sedation and anesthesia are often essential to perform medical and surgical procedures. Few published studies describe successful anesthesi... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"Aldabra",
"African-spurred",
"anesthesia",
"Galapagos",
"tortoise"
] |
10.3390/ani11113307 | PMC8614385 | Cryptosporidium is a parasite that infects humans and a broad range of animals. There are few diagnostic features that can be used to identify and differentiate between species and therefore DNA-based detection and genetic typing methods are required. This is important as some species are transmitted from animals to hu... | The enteric parasite, Cryptosporidium is a major cause of diarrhoeal illness in humans and animals worldwide. No effective therapeutics or vaccines are available and therefore control is dependent on understanding transmission dynamics. The development of molecular detection and typing tools has resulted in the identif... | 1. IntroductionCryptosporidium species are enteric parasites with a global distribution and a wide range of hosts. Transmission is by the faecal–oral route via contaminated water, food or direct contact with humans and animals [1]. Although first described in 1907 by Tyzzer [2], Cryptosporidium did not come to prominen... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Review"
] | [
"Cryptosporidium",
"zoonotic",
"transmission",
"molecular tools"
] |
10.3390/ani12040508 | PMC8868372 | A severe trauma of unknown aetiology was suspected as the cause of death in an adult female Sowerby’s beaked whale found floating dead in the Canary Islands in December 2016. Many bruises in the skin and muscles (contusions) were observed in the chest wall and bone fractures, mainly located in the mandible and ribs. Th... | An adult female Sowerby’s beaked whale was found floating dead in Hermigua (La Gomera, Canary Islands, Spain) on 7 December 2016. Severe traumas of unknown aetiology were attributed, and the gross and microscopic findings are consistent with catastrophic trauma as a cause of death. Rib fractures affected the intercosta... | 1. IntroductionSeveral types of pulmonary embolism have been described in human and animal medicine, but generally, they can be grouped as thrombotic and non-thrombotic [1,2,3,4]. The latter is defined as the embolisation to the pulmonary vasculature of a wide range of non-thrombotic agents, including endogenous and ex... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Case Report"
] | [
"skeletal muscle",
"rete mirabile",
"embolism",
"beaked whales",
"pathology",
"cetaceans",
"traumatic event",
"rib fractures"
] |
10.3390/ani11092579 | PMC8466328 | Leishmaniosis is an important zoonotic protozoan disease. Leishmania infantum is a protozoan species that accounts for the majority of cases in the Mediterranean. In this study, we analyzed the prevalence of infection in different dog breeds from Ibizan Island. Our results showed that the Doberman Pinscher and Boxer br... | Leishmaniosis is an important zoonotic protozoan disease primarily spread to the Mediterranean region by Leishmania infantum, the predominant protozoan species, which accounts for the majority of cases. Development of disease depends on the immune response of the definitive host and, predictably, their genetic backgrou... | 1. IntroductionLeishmaniosis is a parasitic disease caused by different genera of Leishmania, including Leishmania infantum (L. infantum), the most prevalent causal agent of leishmaniosis in the Mediterranean area stretching as far as the Iberian Peninsula. This zoonotic disease is endemic to 88 countries and is consid... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"Leishmania infantum",
"dog",
"Ibiza",
"prevalence",
"infection"
] |
10.3390/ani13061118 | PMC10044088 | Ammonia emission in poultry farms leads to environmental or health problems. Additionally, the sustainability and health of poultry depend on the improvement of the surrounding microclimate conditions of birds (ammonia, ambient temperature, heat index, and relative humidity). Therefore, the objective of this study was ... | Microclimate parameters (ammonia, ambient temperature, heat index, and relative humidity) surrounding birds affect the production and health status of poultry. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of adding natural zeolite to the litter of Japanese quail on improving microclimate parameters and its reflec... | 1. IntroductionAnimal welfare scientists have emphasized the importance of controlling microclimate and air quality as relevant aspects for most categories and species of farmed animals for good housing [1]. The surrounding microclimate conditions of poultry, along with standardization, scale, and intensive husbandry p... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"microclimate",
"zeolite",
"selection",
"physiology",
"quail"
] |
10.3390/ani11051310 | PMC8147431 | Methane produced by ruminants contributes to increased greenhouse gas effect. There are various nutritional strategies to reduce methane emission, such as supplementing fat or changing starch levels in the diet. Understanding the interactions of these strategies on methane emission, as well as performance, digestibilit... | Four multiparous dairy cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square to examine how starch level and oil mixture impact dry matter (DM) intake and digestibility, milk yield and composition, rumen fermentation, ruminal methane (CH4) emissions, and microbial diversity. Experimental treatments comprised high (HS) or low (LS) lev... | 1. IntroductionThe growing human population is boosting the demand for milk and meat as sources of animal protein, resulting in several challenges for ruminant production systems, including the need to reduce their contribution to greenhouse gas emissions. This calls for special attention to solutions for reducing meth... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"starch",
"lipid",
"methane",
"microbial diversity"
] |
10.3390/ani11113100 | PMC8614346 | Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is involved in many metabolic diseases, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) and calcium disorders, and its measurement could be of clinical utility. However, available methods for the measurement of feline PTH are limited and not widely accessible. The aim of this study was to perform the ana... | The determination of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in cats could be of clinical utility in many metabolic disorders, such as renal diseases, hypercalcemia, or nutritional imbalances. However, the available methods for the measurement of feline PTH are limited, not widely available, and need radioimmunoassays. The aim of th... | 1. IntroductionParathyroid hormone (PTH) is a single-chain, 84-amino-acid polypeptide produced by chief cells in the parathyroid glands and highly conserved among mammalian species; feline PTH is more than 83% identical to the canine and human molecules [1].PTH is the main regulator of ionized calcium concentration thr... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"parathyroid hormone",
"cat",
"validation"
] |
10.3390/ani11123409 | PMC8697932 | The potential of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict the nutritive value of chickpea straw was identified. Spectral data of 480 samples of chickpea straw (40 genotypes) were scanned with a spectral range of 1108 to 2492 nm. The samples were reduced to 190 representative samples based on the spectra... | Multidimensional improvement programs of chickpea require screening of a large number of genotypes for straw nutritive value. The ability of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to determine the nutritive value of chickpea straw was identified in the current study. A total of 480 samples of chickpea straw repr... | 1. IntroductionChickpea is one of the key pulses in the world [1]. Cultivated chickpeas are categorized into two main groups: Desi and Kabuli [1]. Desi grains are small, dark in colour, and smooth or wrinkled and are preferred for use as flour [1]; however, they are used for direct cooking. Kabuli grains are large and ... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"calibration",
"validation",
"prediction error",
"nutritional quality",
"crop residue",
"NIRS"
] |
10.3390/ani11051223 | PMC8146882 | The price of feed ingredients is one of the most important and most costly constraints facing the aquaculture industry, and fishmeal is one of the most important and most expensive of these ingredients. As a result, recent research has focused on the use of alternative low-cost feed ingredients that are less reliant on... | African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were subjected to a 30-day feeding trial to determine the appropriateness of using plant protein (PP) (soybean and sunflower meal) as a fishmeal (FM) replacement in the diet and its effects on immune status, antioxidant activity, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (P... | 1. IntroductionThe development of the fish industry and the expansion of aquaculture have become necessary internationally, particularly in developing countries, because of the nutritional, social, and economic value of fish. A settled source of fish is crucial for the nutrition and health of a wide segment of the glob... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"Clarias gariepinus",
"Aeromonas sobria",
"fishmeal",
"soybean meal",
"sunflower meal"
] |
10.3390/ani13081332 | PMC10135370 | Bacteria in the Anaplasma genus are intracellular parasites of mammal blood cells transmitted by ticks of genera Amblyomma, Dermacentor, Hyalomma, Ixodes, and Rhipicephalus. In this study, the presence of Anaplasma marginale and A.
phagocytophilum in ticks was molecularly confirmed in Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. and ... | Ticks are hematophagous ectoparasites that are recognized for their ability to vector a wide variety of pathogens of viral, bacterial, protozoal, and helminthic nature to vertebrate hosts. Among the different diseases transmitted by ticks, also called “Tick-Borne Diseases” (TBD), many are zoonotic. Pathogens of the gen... | 1. IntroductionTicks are hematophagous ectoparasites that transmit protozoan, bacterial, and viral pathogens of medical and veterinary importance [1]. Among bacterial pathogens, members belonging to the genus Anaplasma (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) are obligate intracellular organisms that replicate within parasitop... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"Anaplasma",
"ticks",
"vector",
"tick-borne disease"
] |
10.3390/ani12010048 | PMC8749748 | The lipid deposition and health status of egg-laying hens is crucial to the development of the poultry industry. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of genetic variations in the flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) on the lipid metabolic diseases of laying hens during the late laying period. The results showed... | The T329S mutation in flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) impairs the trimethylamine (TMA) metabolism in laying hens. The TMA metabolic pathway is closely linked to lipid metabolic diseases, such as atherosclerosis and fatty liver disease. We aimed to evaluate the effects of the T329S mutation in FMO3 on lipid met... | 1. IntroductionFlavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs, EC 1.14.13.8) are an important class of oxidases that are responsible for the oxygenation of soft nucleophilic heteroatom-containing organic substances, such as nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorous. Accordingly, FMOs play a significant role in the metabolism and detox... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"flavin-containing monooxygenase 3",
"mutation",
"lipid metabolic disease",
"chicken",
"health status"
] |
10.3390/ani12010021 | PMC8749688 | To achieve conservation goals with ex situ programs, zoos have two alternatives: government funding and private donations. By using published data from 2018 on the amount of money received by zoos through adoption programs (if any), we investigated the factors influencing donations in all Slovak zoos. Generalized linea... | Anthropogenic disturbance causes biodiversity loss, and consequently the captive conservation (ex situ) of threatened animals may be an effective strategy in protecting species. We used estimated body mass, phylogenetic closeness with humans, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) conservation status, an... | 1. IntroductionThe human exploitation of Earth’s biodiversity has resulted in continuous habitat loss, environmental pollution and an overall decline in the population sizes of wild species [1]. In response to this issue, efforts to mitigate these losses can be implemented in two ways. First, through in situ conservati... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"donations",
"ex situ conservation",
"willingness to pay"
] |
10.3390/ani11113027 | PMC8614390 | The chemical Nano-Selenium (Che-SeNPs) is a good example of applied nanotechnology used in the area of nutritional supplements due to its advantages and properties. From our results, dietary supplementation with Che-SeNPs could improve the performance of growing quails; the best level was 0.4 g Che-SeNPs/kg feed. Thus,... | Nano-minerals are used to enhance mineral bioavailability, which helps improve animal growth and health. The use of chemical nano-selenium (Che-SeNPs) has lately attracted great scientific interest, mainly due to its potential benefits for poultry. The current study was conducted to investigate the impact of the dietar... | 1. IntroductionSelenium (Se) is one of the elements that can be used in diets as the chemical nano-selenium (Che-SeNPs). Se is required for the maintenance of physiological functions, growth, and health of birds. It also plays a crucial role in nutritional value and feed metabolism, leading to considerable growth [1]. ... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"nano particles",
"selenium",
"performance",
"blood",
"pathogens",
"quails"
] |
10.3390/ani13061093 | PMC10044250 | Dietary supplementation with fatty acids benefits the high productivity of sows and plays an essential role in piglet growth. Considering that the mechanisms of the fatty acid types on animal physiology differ, combined supplementation may have additive effects. Therefore, we investigated the effects of different combi... | The aim of the study was to investigate the comparative effects of different combinations of sodium butyrate (SB), medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) on the reproductive performances of sows, as well as on the biochemical parameters, oxidative statuses, and intestinal ... | 1. IntroductionThe reproductive performances of high-yielding sows and the growth performances of piglets are the two most important aspects that influence the economic efficiency of the modern pig breeding industry. With the development of breeding techniques, the reproductive performances of sows have been improved. ... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"fatty acids",
"antioxidant capacity",
"intestinal microflora",
"sows",
"piglets"
] |
10.3390/ani12030314 | PMC8833449 | Territorial behavior is closely correlated with population fluctuations in territorial species, which is influenced by the density of conspecifics. Relevant research in aquacultural species, such as swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus), is still lacking. In this study, we quantified the territorial behavior of the ... | Territorial behavior of animals is affected by numerous factors, one being the number of intruders. The swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus), an important commercial and ecological species on the continental shelf of Asia, usually needs to defend its territory from intrusion by other crabs, especially in habitats w... | 1. IntroductionTerritory is an essential resource that many animals require to survive, grow, and reproduce [1]. Territorial behavior, including patrolling and exhibiting aggression towards intruders, is an important feature of territorial species [2,3,4]. Individuals with territories have a greater chance of survival ... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"intruder number",
"Portunus trituberculatus",
"territorial behavior",
"dominance hierarchy",
"population quantity"
] |
10.3390/ani11102951 | PMC8533022 | West Nile fever is an arthropod-borne viral disease that is transmitted from birds to humans and animals by mosquitoes. Humans may develop a severe disease, which sometimes can be fatal. At the end of the 20th century, the first outbreaks of West Nile fever among humans in urban environments in Eastern Europe and the U... | West Nile virus (WNV) is an arthropod-born pathogen, which is transmitted from wild birds through mosquitoes to humans and animals. At the end of the 20th century, the first West Nile fever (WNF) outbreaks among humans in urban environments in Eastern Europe and the United States were reported. The disease continued to... | 1. IntroductionWest Nile virus (WNV) is a single-stranded RNA arbovirus from the Flaviviridae family, genus Flavivirus. WNV is primarily a zoonotic agent transmitted between birds as the main reservoir hosts and mosquitoes as vectors. Humans and horses can be infected as spillovers host, but the infection in these orga... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"West Nile virus",
"mosquitoes",
"sentinel animals",
"spatial analysis",
"GIS"
] |
10.3390/ani11040922 | PMC8064100 | Reproductive management of sheep for autumnal lambing often require induction and synchronization of oestrus and ovulation, either for natural mating or artificial insemination, by the use of pharmacological treatments. Such treatments are mostly based on the administration of progesterone followed by a single intramus... | This study investigated whether the administration of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) in a protocol to induce and synchronize ovulations before mating could be replaced by the administration of glycerol-based formulations in milked ewes at the end of their seasonal anoestrus. Forty-eight late-lactation dairy ewes ... | 1. IntroductionThe reproductive management of sheep for out-of-season lambing may require induction and synchronization of oestrus and ovulation, either for natural mating or artificial insemination by means of pharmacological treatments, which are based mostly on the administration of progesterone or its analogues for... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"dairy ewes insulin",
"glycaemia",
"triglycerides",
"milk",
"NEFA",
"urea",
"pregnancy",
"ovulation",
"oestrus",
"synchronization"
] |
10.3390/ani11051282 | PMC8146694 | The color of fresh pork is a very important feature, both for the meat industry and especially for direct consumers. Consumers often relate color to the freshness and quality of pork. Quality evaluation of fresh pork intended for sale or processing seems to be a priority task for meat plants due to the expectations of ... | The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 30 min bloom time and the type of muscle on pH and color parameters together with the possibility of estimating these measurements. The research material consisted of 270 samples from 6 muscle types: LD—Longissimus dorsi, LL—Longissimus lumborum, IL—Iliacus, SEM—Semi... | 1. IntroductionThe color of fresh pork is a very important feature, both for the meat industry and especially for direct consumers. Consumers often relate color to the freshness and quality of pork [1].However, the evaluation of color by consumers is usually based on visual evaluation with the naked eye; while for rese... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"pig carcass",
"muscles",
"bloom time",
"pH",
"color"
] |
10.3390/ani11102856 | PMC8532846 | Parasitism with gastrointestinal nematodes represents a significant risk to the health of livestock populations. Besides the local oxidative damage caused by the parasite, the host reacts by increasing the production of oxidants. The study of thiol-disulphide homeostasis can be of help in the evaluation of the oxidativ... | This work aimed to evaluate the thiol-disulphide homeostasis in serum of lambs naturally infected by gastrointestinal nematodes presenting different levels of parasite load indirectly indicated by faecal worm egg counts (EPG). Furthermore, the possible changes in the thiol-disulphide dynamic after different procedures ... | 1. IntroductionParasitism with gastrointestinal nematodes represents the main risk to livestock populations’ health, welfare, and productivity throughout the world. Particularly in sheep, it is an important cause of the drop in production [1,2]. This parasitic gastroenteritis is associated with different species of nem... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"antioxidant",
"closantel",
"Haemonchus",
"integrated crop-livestock",
"oxidative stress",
"ruminants"
] |
10.3390/ani11102973 | PMC8532706 | As we keep and use sheep, we need to be able to assess their welfare and deal with welfare problems as they arise. To assess welfare, a comprehensive protocol based on valid and feasible indicators is needed. The aim of this study was to review the scientific literature and identify protocols and indicators for assessi... | The value society assigns to animal welfare in agricultural productions is increasing, resulting in ever-enhancing methods to assess the well-being of farm animals. The aim of this study was to review the scientific literature to obtain an overview of the current knowledge on welfare assessments for sheep and to extrac... | 1. IntroductionAnimal welfare has always been an issue of concern to varying degrees in our society and has evolved enormously over the years. As animals cannot express their needs directly, their welfare depends on our interest and understanding, as well as our diligence in measuring, respecting and improving the cond... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Review"
] | [
"small ruminants",
"sheep",
"welfare",
"animal-based",
"indicators",
"protocols",
"on-farm",
"assessment"
] |
10.3390/ani13081329 | PMC10135104 | Racehorse welfare has generated public attention for both on-track treatment and practices, as well as the fate of racehorses upon completion of their racing careers. As such, the successful transition from racing into sport horse and other disciplines is paramount to the welfare of retired racehorses whose racing care... | Racehorse welfare is a prominent, public issue which affects nearly every aspect of the racing industry. Thoroughbred care after race career completion has garnered increasing attention from the equine industry, general public, and animal welfare groups alike. As the average racehorse’s career lasts just 4.5 years, own... | 1. IntroductionHorse racing is prevalent within the United States, and given the breed restrictions within racing varieties, many purebred thoroughbreds are initially destined for a racing career. In 2018, the American Horse Council estimated that of the 1.2 million horses involved within the racing sector of the Unite... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"thoroughbred",
"off-the-track thoroughbred",
"horse racing",
"willingness-to-pay",
"equine welfare",
"hedonic"
] |
10.3390/ani11082248 | PMC8388356 | The water buffalo is found in many tropical countries worldwide. In the current world scenario, where meeting the protein requirements of the population is one of the biggest future challenges, buffalo meat could be a good source of protein and other nutrients. Currently, very little information is available regarding ... | The present study aimed to investigate the effect of wet aging on meat quality characteristics of Longissimus lumborum (LL) and Gluteus medius (GM) muscles of buffalo bulls. Meat samples from six aging periods, i.e., 0 day (d) = control, 7 d, 14 d, 21 d, 28 d, and 35 d, were evaluated for pH, color, metmyoglobin conten... | 1. IntroductionThe water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is found in many tropical countries globally, particularly in the Southeast Asia region [1]. These buffalo are primarily kept for milk purposes; however, they have excellent potential for meat production and play a vital role in the agricultural economies of many devel... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"aging",
"metmyoglobin",
"sensory attributes",
"cooking loss",
"shear force value",
"myofibrillar fragmentation index"
] |
10.3390/ani11092649 | PMC8468282 | Peste des petits ruminants (PPR), also known as sheep and goat plague, is a highly contagious animal disease affecting small ruminants and camels. It is caused by a virus belonging to the genus Morbillivirus, family Paramixoviridae. Once newly introduced, the virus can infect up to 90 percent of an animal herd. A PPR o... | Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an important infectious viral disease of domestic small ruminants that threatens the food security and sustainable livelihood of farmers across Middle East, Africa, and Asia. The objective of this research is to analyze the disease’s spread and its impacts on direct government costs ... | 1. BackgroundPeste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a viral disease, caused by a morbillivirus closely related to rinderpest virus, which mainly affects goats, sheep, and some wild relatives of domesticated small ruminants, as well as camels. Wild ruminants may play an important epidemiological role as a virus source for ... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"peste des petits ruminants (PPR) disease spread",
"small ruminates",
"camels",
"control strategy",
"costs",
"vaccination",
"eradication"
] |
10.3390/ani12030230 | PMC8833676 | Online dating applications offer new ways for people to search for social contacts. While previous studies have indicated that the inclusion of animals in profiles can increase users’ dating success rates, the question of how many users display animals, and what kinds of animal are shown on dating profiles, has not yet... | Online dating applications offer new ways for people to search for social contacts. While previous studies have indicated that the inclusion of animals in profiles can increase users’ dating success rates, the question of how many users display animals, and what kinds of animals are shown on dating profiles, has not ye... | 1. IntroductionIn recent years, the increasing use of online dating platforms and applications (from here on “apps”) has led to at least two decisive developments: first, a change in the way in which people search for social contacts, casual encounters or committed relationships; and second, a new opportunity for users... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"online dating application",
"dogs",
"cats",
"human–animal relationship",
"observational study"
] |
10.3390/ani12010065 | PMC8749870 | Mastitis is the most common inflammatory disease of economic and animal welfare concern in dairy animals. The present study was designed to evaluate the gene expression and epigenetic modifications in cattle with mastitis and healthy cows. The CpG islands in the promoter regions of the JAK2 and the STAT5A revealed hypo... | The present study was designed to evaluate the gene expression and DNA methylation level in the promoter region of the CD4 and the JAK-STAT-pathway-related genes. A total of 24 samples were deployed in the gene expression and 118 samples were used in the DNA methylation study. Student’s t-tests were used to analyze the... | 1. IntroductionMastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland and is characterized by pathological, physiological and bacteriological changes in the udder which affect the quality and quantity of the milk [1]. Mastitis is the most common inflammatory disease of economic and animal welfare concern in dairy animals. Gl... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"JAK-STAT pathway",
"DNA methylation",
"gene expression",
"epigenetic regulation",
"bovine mastitis resistance"
] |
10.3390/ani11113119 | PMC8614255 | This study’s data suggest that under the projected scenarios of ocean acidification by 2100 and beyond, significant negative impacts on growth, health, and meat quality are expected, particularly on black sea bream, and will be susceptible to the scientifically approved fish having a weaker resistance to diseases and e... | Acidification (OA), a global threat to the world’s oceans, is projected to significantly grow if CO2 continues to be emitted into the atmosphere at high levels. This will result in a slight decrease in pH. Since the latter is a logarithmic scale of acidity, the higher acidic seawater is expected to have a tremendous im... | 1. IntroductionThe full report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) published in 2019 [1] informed that from the pre-industrial period (1850–1900) until the present time, 2021, the Industrial Revolution involving the anthropogenic emission of CO2 into the atmosphere has led to climate change, causing... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"climate change",
"growth performance",
"histology",
"metabolic acidosis",
"microvilli atrophy",
"ocean acidification",
"seawater pH"
] |
10.3390/ani11113122 | PMC8614348 | The effects of grazing dairy cows in mountainous areas for 12 and 24 h compared with keeping the cows under confined settings were evaluated by examining the overall levels of fatty acids and cortisol in milk as an indicator of stress. Our findings revealed favorable changes in cows grazing for 12 h, with significantly... | The effects of grazing lactating cows in mountainous areas for 12 and 24 h compared with the confined indoor system were evaluated by examining the overall milk fatty acid and cortisol. Twenty-one dairy cows were allocated to three treatment groups: (1) control (confined management system in a free-stall barn; TMR base... | 1. IntroductionGrazing is an important management practice in terms of, for example, the nutrition of fresh forage intake, animal health [1], animal well-being, natural behavior [2], landscape values, and grassland biodiversity [1,3,4]. Grazing dairy cows has been practiced for a long time as a strategy for improving a... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"milk cortisol",
"milk fatty acids",
"grazing animals",
"Holstein dairy cows",
"omega-3 fatty acids"
] |
10.3390/ani12030325 | PMC8833469 | At present, climate warming is a very serious environmental problem. A sudden and large increase or decrease in temperature is likely to cause stress response in animals. Rainbow trout is a kind of cultured cold-water fish, which is very sensitive to high temperature. Therefore, it is very vulnerable to heat waves duri... | As the global climate warms, more creatures are threatened by high temperatures, especially cold-water fish such as rainbow trout. Evidence has demonstrated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a pivotal role in regulating heat stress in animals, but we have little understanding of this regulatory mechanism. The pre... | 1. IntroductionRainbow trout are cold-water fish that are widely farmed worldwide. They have no obvious lower limit of temperature, 0–18 °C is their optimum growth temperature, and they are extremely sensitive to high temperature. When the water temperature exceeds 20 °C, it will cause a series of obvious stress reacti... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"rainbow trout",
"heat stress",
"head kidney",
"transcriptome"
] |
10.3390/ani11102869 | PMC8532621 | Fasciolosis is a parasitic disease of livestock causing important economic losses worldwide and it is also a zoonosis. Current therapy relies on the use of anthelmintic drugs, which is no longer sustainable due to the increase of anthelmintic resistance and the risk of drug residues in food. A deep understanding of the... | Fasciolosis is an important economic disease of livestock. There is a global interest in the development of protective vaccines since current anthelmintic therapy is no longer sustainable. A better knowledge of the host-parasite interaction is needed for the design of effective vaccines. The present study evaluates the... | 1. IntroductionFasciolosis is a zoonosis caused by the helminth F. hepatica with a significant economic [1] public health importance all over the world and it is considered by the WHO as a re-emerging neglected tropical disease [2]. After the ingestion of the infective form called metacercariae, the pathogenesis of F. ... | animals : an open access journal from mdpi | [
"Article"
] | [
"Fasciola hepatica",
"vaccines",
"histopathology",
"immunohistochemistry",
"sheep"
] |
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