context stringlengths 51 12.8k | question stringlengths 5 190 | id stringlengths 40 40 | lang stringclasses 6
values | answer stringlengths 1 480 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Pappataci fever is prevalent in the subtropical zone of the Eastern Hemisphere between 20°N and 45°N, particularly in Southern Europe, North Africa, the Balkans, Eastern Mediterranean, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan and India.The disease is transmitted by the bites of phlebotomine sandflies of the Genus Phlebotomus,... | Does an infection for Sandflies go away over time? | 569666f4dc3983dab5624e989212c1d9d0cd1798 | en | remains infected for its lifetime |
Collenchyma cells – collenchyma cells are alive at maturity and have thickened cellulosic cell walls. These cells mature from meristem derivatives that initially resemble parenchyma, but differences quickly become apparent. Plastids do not develop, and the secretory apparatus (ER and Golgi) proliferates to secrete addi... | What is the name of a type of string that constitutes parts of celery? | 60ee75c50c8472be7cce1a24ee2cd7409ee4dd52 | en | collenchyma |
Parenchyma cells are living cells that have functions ranging from storage and support to photosynthesis (mesophyll cells) and phloem loading (transfer cells). Apart from the xylem and phloem in their vascular bundles, leaves are composed mainly of parenchyma cells. Some parenchyma cells, as in the epidermis, are spec... | What are made up almost entirely of parenchyma cells? | 561971f7978f678c3d1ba2a946036cdc131c4d49 | en | leaves |
Phloem is a specialised tissue for food transport in higher plants, mainly transporting sucrose along pressure gradients generated by osmosis, a process called translocation. Phloem is a complex tissue, consisting of two main cell types, the sieve tubes and the intimately associated companion cells, together with paren... | What is the leptome? | 694ce8b90f6854bcd6c3a505767df90f8b659d06 | en | simpler tissue with analogous function |
Plant cells differentiate from undifferentiated meristematic cells (analogous to the stem cells of animals) to form the major classes of cells and tissues of roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and reproductive structures, each of which may be composed of several cell types. | what are the resultant of plant cell differentiation? | 6a636c91f7733165c92ed84864debf6bdbdf7d16 | en | orm the major classes of cells and tissues of roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and reproductive structures |
The plant epidermis is specialised tissue, composed of parenchyma cells, that covers the external surfaces of leaves, stems and roots. Several cell types may be present in the epidermis. Notable among these are the stomatal guard cells that control the rate of gas exchange between the plant and the atmosphere, glandula... | Epidermal cells can do what? | 25be1db3766bfbb5f64b3a8f4bf4af57470eb651 | en | synthesize cutin |
Xylem is a complex vascular tissue composed of water-conducting tracheids or vessel elements, together with fibres and parenchyma cells. Tracheids are elongated cells with lignified secondary thickening of the cell walls, specialised for conduction of water, and first appeared in plants during their transition to land... | What kind of plants possess xylem? | 18a5c05701b7359fcd32a379b2ac4a9a5d7544de | en | Tracheophytes |
Xylem is a complex vascular tissue composed of water-conducting tracheids or vessel elements, together with fibres and parenchyma cells. Tracheids are elongated cells with lignified secondary thickening of the cell walls, specialised for conduction of water, and first appeared in plants during their transition to land... | Fibers, parenchyma cella and which other vessels compose Xylem? | 97172aee2eb3f8562fdfcb9b853c475e3f08a143 | en | Tracheids |
Booth was born in Gloucester, England in 1871. He was educated at Gloucester College and Gloucester County School under headmaster the Reverend H. Lloyd Brereton. In 1889 he entered the Central Technical College, City and Guild, London after passing the entrance examination. He completed a three-year course in civil en... | In what area was his Diploma? | 0a139ca9bcef0db76f34cdbd4d0cd35758595248 | en | engineering |
Edgar Allan Poe (; born Edgar Poe; January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American writer, editor, and literary critic. Poe is best known for his poetry and short stories, particularly his tales of mystery and the macabre. He is widely regarded as a central figure of Romanticism in the United States and of American... | What school did Poe attend? | d84a733918fdcb57c2204e07521f20c14dde0415 | en | University of Virginia |
Poe planned for years to produce his own journal The Penn (later renamed The Stylus), but he died before it could be produced. He died in Baltimore on October 7, 1849, at age 40; the cause of his death is unknown and has been variously attributed to alcohol, "brain congestion", cholera, drugs, heart disease, rabies, su... | What was the originally planned name for this work? | 2e62cb1a941e40208fe73d1d11d77611f8fc91af | en | The Penn |
Poe switched his focus to prose and spent the next several years working for literary journals and periodicals, becoming known for his own style of literary criticism. His work forced him to move among several cities, including Baltimore, Philadelphia, and New York City. He married Virginia Clemm in 1836, his 13-year-o... | Who did Poe marry eventually? | 6f8be999d7271be3837fc61268d9a5b8ff743bb0 | en | Virginia Clemm |
A basic metabolic panel measures sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), magnesium, creatinine, glucose, and sometimes calcium. Tests that focus on cholesterol levels can determine LDL and HDL cholesterol levels, as well as triglyceride levels.Some tests, such as those that measure glucose... | What are the other specialized treatments? | 78dc4f13d9547ed08788efd3260a0a7649673ad2 | en | arterial blood gas test |
A venipuncture is useful as it is a minimally invasive way to obtain cells and extracellular fluid (plasma) from the body for analysis. Blood flows throughout the body, acting as a medium which provides oxygen and nutrients to tissues and carries waste products back to the excretory systems for disposal. Consequently, ... | When might someone other than a phlebotomist draw blood from a patient? | f4bb8b03984b557e524008064e7074fc2cfbac75 | en | special circumstances, and emergency situations |
Polymerase chain reaction (DNA). DNA profiling is today possible with even very small quantities of blood: this is commonly used in forensic science, but is now also part of the diagnostic process of many disorders. | where is DNA used today? | e633eba30d3f372d74d163762f69a007ee82d0a8 | en | forensic science |
NTSC color encoding is used with the System M television signal, which consists of 30⁄1.001 (approximately 29.97) interlaced frames of video per second. Each frame is composed of two fields, each consisting of 262.5 scan lines, for a total of 525 scan lines. 486 scan lines make up the visible raster. The remainder (th... | What did CRT TV's need a vertical blanking interval for? | 3ff87caab3a10f2ab296c432985a769bdece26b6 | en | vertical synchronization and retrace |
NTSC color encoding is used with the System M television signal, which consists of 30⁄1.001 (approximately 29.97) interlaced frames of video per second. Each frame is composed of two fields, each consisting of 262.5 scan lines, for a total of 525 scan lines. 486 scan lines make up the visible raster. The remainder (th... | What type of circuits were used in early TV receivers? | 6c8b3e60b5b089b71cd51d5e6c9ed3912094a4b8 | en | analog |
The 59.94 rate is derived from the following calculations. Designers chose to make the chrominance subcarrier frequency an n + 0.5 multiple of the line frequency to minimize interference between the luminance signal and the chrominance signal. (Another way this is often stated is that the color subcarrier frequency is ... | How much does the division yield approximate in fields per second? | adc328c0301ed7c78c5ae83964d4cb109a3ad7a8 | en | 59.94 |
The National Television System Committee was established in 1940 by the United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to resolve the conflicts between companies over the introduction of a nationwide analog television system in the United States. In March 1941, the committee issued a technical standard for black... | What standard was recommended for the sound signal? | cfd04e877945e051cbf85302d65b90ff88383f00 | en | frequency modulation (FM) |
The National Television System Committee was established in 1940 by the United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to resolve the conflicts between companies over the introduction of a nationwide analog television system in the United States. In March 1941, the committee issued a technical standard for black... | How many scan lines did NTSC select as a compromise? | bc05f276f966ee2a28d92ad7da46ae82defb3c57 | en | 525 |
The actual figure of 525 lines was chosen as a consequence of the limitations of the vacuum-tube-based technologies of the day. In early TV systems, a master voltage-controlled oscillator was run at twice the horizontal line frequency, and this frequency was divided down by the number of lines used (in this case 525) t... | How many lines was it? | 04203425260fcd4cfddf76f0d7370073f8490912 | en | 525 |
Diabetic neuropathy affects all peripheral nerves including sensory neurons, motor neurons, but rarely affects the autonomic nervous system. Therefore, diabetic neuropathy can affect all organs and systems, as all are innervated. There are several distinct syndromes based on the organ systems and members affected, but... | when do the symptoms develop? | ba97f5d6447651e283ffb429b67b05d061021a0f | en | gradually over years |
Diabetic neuropathy affects all peripheral nerves including sensory neurons, motor neurons, but rarely affects the autonomic nervous system. Therefore, diabetic neuropathy can affect all organs and systems, as all are innervated. There are several distinct syndromes based on the organ systems and members affected, but... | What factor causes varied and possibly additional symptoms? | e4691d31da539c2ca7ac23c2a5b99c05f1806c9a | en | the nerve(s) affected |
Globally diabetic neuropathy affects approximately 132 million people as of 2010 (1.9% of the population).Diabetes is the leading known cause of neuropathy in developed countries, and neuropathy is the most common complication and greatest source of morbidity and mortality in diabetes. It is estimated that neuropathy a... | what %does neurotherapy affect people with diabetes | 2ddedf0063f403a5c9782b7ec075a1ea3f2919e1 | en | 25% |
Longer nerve fibers are affected to a greater degree than shorter ones because nerve conduction velocity is slowed in proportion to a nerve's length. In this syndrome, decreased sensation and loss of reflexes occurs first in the toes on each foot, then extends upward. It is usually described as a glove-stocking distrib... | The speed of a nerve's conduction velocity is affected by what? | 596faa276b12561e9add50144057cfeaa7b34728 | en | nerve's length |
Longer nerve fibers are affected to a greater degree than shorter ones because nerve conduction velocity is slowed in proportion to a nerve's length. In this syndrome, decreased sensation and loss of reflexes occurs first in the toes on each foot, then extends upward. It is usually described as a glove-stocking distrib... | Which part of the body does one experience less feeling in first with the syndrome? | 8e8dec0c6224fb13a9595a6d1d9127d409ea92e1 | en | toes |
The autonomic nervous system is composed of nerves serving the heart, lungs, blood vessels, bone, adipose tissue, sweat glands, gastrointestinal system and genitourinary system. Autonomic neuropathy can affect any of these organ systems. The most commonly recognized autonomic dysfunction in diabetics is orthostatic hyp... | What can affect other organs? | 13b4cdfb37c9add4bfb05d63c412b01ddc69d3e8 | en | Autonomic neuropathy |
The main risk factor for diabetic neuropathy is hyperglycemia. In the DCCT (Diabetes Control and Complications Trial, 1995) study, the annual incidence of neuropathy was 2% per year but dropped to 0.56% with intensive treatment of Type 1 diabetics. The progression of neuropathy is dependent on the degree of glycemic c... | What can lead to diabetic neuropathy? | c4088f20982b7f50f6328ebca7baae00a507f426 | en | hyperglycemia |
Vascular and neural diseases are closely related and intertwined. Blood vessels depend on normal nerve function, and nerves depend on adequate blood flow. The first pathological change in the small blood vessels is narrowing of the blood vessels. As the disease progresses, neuronal dysfunction correlates closely with t... | What do agents that dilate blood vessels do to the flow of neuronal blood? | 0e53e34a2124106f622845cf5383561fe6bb3833 | en | lead to substantial improvements |
Vascular and neural diseases are closely related and intertwined. Blood vessels depend on normal nerve function, and nerves depend on adequate blood flow. The first pathological change in the small blood vessels is narrowing of the blood vessels. As the disease progresses, neuronal dysfunction correlates closely with t... | What is the importance of the dysfunction of the small blood vessels within diabetic neuropathy? | e2576788970081f355a63c598c86fe4ab16a3584 | en | support the severity of structural, functional, and clinical changes observed in diabetic neuropathy. |
Vascular and neural diseases are closely related and intertwined. Blood vessels depend on normal nerve function, and nerves depend on adequate blood flow. The first pathological change in the small blood vessels is narrowing of the blood vessels. As the disease progresses, neuronal dysfunction correlates closely with t... | According to the research of this disease progression, neuronal dysfunction realtes to the development of what? | 9a93a2cb0583b5b5067f74fe18a80a728ac1cd3d | en | blood vessel abnormalities |
Vascular and neural diseases are closely related and intertwined. Blood vessels depend on normal nerve function, and nerves depend on adequate blood flow. The first pathological change in the small blood vessels is narrowing of the blood vessels. As the disease progresses, neuronal dysfunction correlates closely with t... | What do nerve functions depend on? | 409a74080395dbce8e072ebae61fb5acae62a74e | en | adequate blood flow |
Early medieval alchemists built upon the work of Zosimos in the Byzantine Empire and the Arab empires. Byzantine and Arab alchemists were fascinated by the concept of metal transmutation and attempted to carry out the process. The 8th-century Muslim alchemist Jabir ibn Hayyan (Latinized as Geber) analyzed each classica... | What qualities did Jabir ibn Hayyan analyze water to have? | 450418dfdfac9415b201d55d105465af441509af | en | cold and moist |
Early medieval alchemists built upon the work of Zosimos in the Byzantine Empire and the Arab empires. Byzantine and Arab alchemists were fascinated by the concept of metal transmutation and attempted to carry out the process. The 8th-century Muslim alchemist Jabir ibn Hayyan (Latinized as Geber) analyzed each classica... | How many qualities did Jabir ibn Hayyan use to analyze each classical element? | d6c719122d580f1e703cd56397561ab6b173cda8 | en | four |
Early medieval alchemists built upon the work of Zosimos in the Byzantine Empire and the Arab empires. Byzantine and Arab alchemists were fascinated by the concept of metal transmutation and attempted to carry out the process. The 8th-century Muslim alchemist Jabir ibn Hayyan (Latinized as Geber) analyzed each classica... | what is the process by which one element is changed into another? | 6554fe87eed5bfd6a774dd68ec33388db493b01d | en | transmutation |
The earliest known written mention of the philosopher's stone is in the Cheirokmeta by Zosimos of Panopolis (c. 300 AD). Alchemical writers assign a longer history. Elias Ashmole and the anonymous author of Gloria Mundi (1620) claim that its history goes back to Adam who acquired the knowledge of the stone directly fro... | what did Alchemists later use? | 140176f5eecb46dc8254cea4aa51f2f7a3e23795 | en | classical elements |
The earliest known written mention of the philosopher's stone is in the Cheirokmeta by Zosimos of Panopolis (c. 300 AD). Alchemical writers assign a longer history. Elias Ashmole and the anonymous author of Gloria Mundi (1620) claim that its history goes back to Adam who acquired the knowledge of the stone directly fro... | When was the philosopher's stone first mentioned? | 217571640f04be841861fa92bf9a76f0496e0322 | en | 300 AD |
The earliest known written mention of the philosopher's stone is in the Cheirokmeta by Zosimos of Panopolis (c. 300 AD). Alchemical writers assign a longer history. Elias Ashmole and the anonymous author of Gloria Mundi (1620) claim that its history goes back to Adam who acquired the knowledge of the stone directly fro... | What type of writers think the philosopher's stone has a longer history than its first known written mention in 300 AD? | 307ceb81087c2bd99ce6a6ffb6799486ae0183f4 | en | Alchemical |
The philosopher's stone, more properly philosophers' stone or stone of the philosophers (Latin: lapis philosophorum) is a legendary alchemical substance capable of turning base metals such as mercury into gold (chrysopoeia, from the Greek χρυσός khrusos, "gold", and ποιεῖν poiēin, "to make") or silver. It is also calle... | What is the Latin name for the philosophers stone? | 26e4ac499f61c4a00ba1984974e9495dc31cfefb | en | lapis philosophorum |
Turkey is situated in Anatolia (97%) and the Balkans (3%), bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, and bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Greece and Syria. The geographic coordinates of the country lie at: 39°00′N 35°00′E | Where is 3% of Turkey located? | 4fe544ff62b6c9847f6065006cad02f37486008e | en | the Balkans |
An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac within the ovary. Often they cause no symptoms. Occasionally they may produce bloating, lower abdominal pain, or lower back pain. The majority of cysts are harmless. If the cyst either breaks open or causes twisting of the ovary, it may cause severe pain. This may result in vomitin... | Where is ovarian cyst located? | b8060104c49bb70bcca3805334b7617f76642ed5 | en | ovary |
Most women of reproductive age develop small cysts each month, and large cysts that cause problems occur in about 8% of women before menopause. Ovarian cysts are present in about 16% of women after menopause and if present are more likely to be cancer.Benign ovarian cysts are common in asymptomatic premenarchal girls a... | What percent of women develop problematic cysts prior to menopause? | 48d6421fafbcbadbc8406e5f003b5d4c7739cdf7 | en | 8 |
The Fish River (Visrivier in Afrikaans, Fischfluss in German) is a river in Namibia. It is 650 km long, flowing from the Naukluft Mountains 150 km to the Hardap Dam near Mariental. From there the flow is entirely blocked, all further flow downstream coming from tributaries downstream from the dam. The flow of the riv... | Fish River is known for its canyon of the same name that spans what length? | fd66935f38394955598247ed17275acff80ad0e0 | en | 160 km |
The Fish River (Visrivier in Afrikaans, Fischfluss in German) is a river in Namibia. It is 650 km long, flowing from the Naukluft Mountains 150 km to the Hardap Dam near Mariental. From there the flow is entirely blocked, all further flow downstream coming from tributaries downstream from the dam. The flow of the riv... | In what season does the water level fall in the river? | e6bb3bf6f4d5aff8b6fe226b98d701f5eb0e0fbb | en | winter |
"Recognizing that worldwide emissions of certain substances can significantly deplete and otherwise modify the ozone layer in a manner that is likely to result in adverse effects on human health and the environment. Determined to protect the ozone layer by taking precautionary measures to control equitably total globa... | What can be significantly depleted and modified? | 96735cf2cb94859792f28c3d9f71bc8145d6285f | en | ozone layer |
The treaty is structured around several groups of halogenated hydrocarbons that deplete stratospheric ozone. All of the ozone depleting substances controlled by the Montreal Protocol contain either chlorine or bromine (substances containing only fluorine do not harm the ozone layer). Some ozone-depleting substances (OD... | What group of substances depletes stratospheric ozone. | f14ef3d22286aaa382e3bd008089fa01f23fb254 | en | halogenated hydrocarbons |
Alpha Gruis has a stellar classification of B6 V, although some sources give it a classification of B7 IV. The first classification indicates that this is a B-type star on the main sequence of stars that are generating energy through the thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen at the core. However, a luminosity class of 'IV' ... | How many ligh-years? | 5ccbbf9918421d43463e8ed2213adfcdf85cf718 | en | 101 |
A joystick is an input device consisting of a stick that pivots on a base and reports its angle or direction to the device it is controlling. A joystick, also known as the control column, is the principal control device in the cockpit of many civilian and military aircraft, either as a center stick or side-stick. It of... | What is another name for joystick? | b34c31cf3c440570a20747a12995662a78465853 | en | control column |
An arcade stick is a large-format controller for use with home consoles or computers. They use the stick-and-button configuration of some arcade cabinets, such as those with particular multi-button arrangements. For example, the six button layout of the arcade games Street Fighter II or Mortal Kombat cannot be comforta... | How many circular shaped objects used to control characters were present on the arcade machines for Street Fighter II? | c87d11aee77aa1ba84445a5dcc12ed753b2571d4 | en | six |
In the 1960s the use of joysticks became widespread in radio-controlled model aircraft systems such as the Kwik Fly produced by Phill Kraft (1964). The now-defunct Kraft Systems firm eventually became an important OEM supplier of joysticks to the computer industry and other users. The first use of joysticks outside the... | Kraft systems supplied what object to NASA to use as control devices? | ce88218a3895a7b4c20fb2ae634a6ee81ae9a03f | en | joysticks |
Specialist joysticks, classed as an assistive technology pointing device, are used to replace the computer mouse for people with fairly severe physical disabilities. Rather than controlling games, these joysticks control the pointer. They are often useful to people with athetoid conditions, such as cerebral palsy, who ... | What kind of condition is cerebral palsy? | cc52b29559c6e61d96ee46167dde64576234076b | en | athetoid |
The electrical two-axis joystick was invented by C. B. Mirick at the United States Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and patented in 1926 (U.S. Patent no. 1,597,416)". NRL was actively developing remote controlled aircraft at the time and the joystick was possibly used to support this effort. In the awarded patent, Mir... | What type of targets were mainly targeted with the device? | 2f96dfbce0121645583cdfc2ac98af712766a134 | en | maritime |
The name "joystick" is thought to originate with early 20th century French pilot Robert Esnault-Pelterie. There are also competing claims on behalf of fellow pilots Robert Loraine, James Henry Joyce, and A. E. George. Loraine is cited by the Oxford English Dictionary for using the term "joystick" in his diary in 1909 w... | What was George occupation? | 4a98db3180456026443e4cf9e34fb4c50822fbc4 | en | pioneer aviator |
The name "joystick" is thought to originate with early 20th century French pilot Robert Esnault-Pelterie. There are also competing claims on behalf of fellow pilots Robert Loraine, James Henry Joyce, and A. E. George. Loraine is cited by the Oxford English Dictionary for using the term "joystick" in his diary in 1909 w... | What are some other people besides Robert Esnault-Pelteri who argued that they created name"joystick"? | a4bd597b65c210244c83dc4a1bd4b9aa551472a2 | en | Robert Loraine, James Henry Joyce, and A. E. George |
Rabin Medical Center (Hebrew: מרכז רפואי רבין) is a major hospital and medical center located in Petah Tikva, Israel. It is owned and operated by Clalit Health Services, Israel's largest health maintenance organization. In January 1996, Beilinson Hospital and Hasharon Hospital were merged and renamed Rabin Medical Cen... | what is its capacity? | 01579f47c0228172b823bbd9a8c01e5431452c63 | en | 1,300 beds |
the European Court of Human Rights arguing that use of a truth serum could be considered a violation of a human right to be free from degrading treatment, or could be considered a form of torture. It has been noted to be a violation of the Inter-American Convention to Prevent and Punish Torture."Truth serum" was abused... | Who first documented the application? | 12df297333c064c2c773207b2c6e413dcdcf423f | en | Dr. William Bleckwenn |
Most of the winners in 1900 did not receive medals, but were given cups or trophies. Professionals competed in fencing and Albert Robert Ayat (France), who won the épée for amateurs and masters, was awarded a prize of 3000 francs. | In 1900, what were the winners awarded in place of medals? | 08cc31119c46d3089fb31d4d5fc1fade5ebc1c63 | en | cups or trophies |
Around 420 BC, Empedocles stated that all matter is made up of four elemental substances: earth, fire, air and water. The early theory of atomism can be traced back to ancient Greece and ancient India. Greek atomism dates back to the Greek philosopher Democritus, who declared that matter is composed of indivisible and ... | What are the main elements that Empedocles claimed all matter consists of? | aa6b395a5cb2ead221c88b62d2ce1a5ad0b9c498 | en | earth, fire, air and water |
The history of chemistry represents a time span from ancient history to the present. By 1000 BC, civilizations used technologies that would eventually form the basis of the various branches of chemistry. Examples include extracting metals from ores, making pottery and glazes, fermenting beer and wine, extracting chemic... | What is the time span of Chemistry? | 198914e4be600ca754585c0094153fb5ae1bfb72 | en | ancient history to the present |
Carnival is an important celebration in Anglican and Catholic European nations. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the week before Ash Wednesday is called "Shrovetide", ending on Shrove Tuesday. It has its popular celebratory aspects, as well. Pancakes are a traditional food. Pancakes and related fried breads or pastri... | What is the name of the celebration that runs before Easter and Lent? | 4f481f1e41caf868015fd46ec319a7cd2d0aeb67 | en | Carnival |
A prominence forms over timescales of about a day and may persist in the corona for several weeks or months, looping hundreds of thousands of miles into space. Some prominences break apart and may then give rise to coronal mass ejections. Scientists are currently researching how and why prominences are formed. | What are scientists researching? | 6ef30360b8e57ccf28516be8d5b22d729f042f10 | en | how and why prominences are formed |
A prominence is a large, bright, gaseous feature extending outward from the Sun's surface, often in a loop shape. Prominences are anchored to the Sun's surface in the photosphere, and extend outwards into the Sun's corona. While the corona consists of extremely hot ionized gases, known as plasma, which do not emit muc... | Where are do the prominences extend out to? | a5acbb2dab31572705f32be332383711bba441f9 | en | Sun's corona |
Dubai Museum (Arabic: متحف دبي) is the main museum in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It is located in the Al Fahidi Fort (Arabic: حصن الفهيدي), built in 1787 and is the oldest existing building in Dubai. | where is the Dubai Museum located? | fd34219b57b58d09ff4abb601c680fdc27903009 | en | Al Fahidi Fort |
Mori was born in Uruguay on 2 February 1978. Her paternal grandfather was Japanese. She has two siblings, actress Kenya Mori and Kintaró Mori. Her parents divorced when she was three years of age, Mori spent her early childhood between Mexico and Uruguay and finally settled in Mexico City at the age of twelve. | What are the names of Mori's two siblings? | f317c0fc8bd0bdd07a25532cd87c9254a0c0b807 | en | Kenya Mori and Kintaró Mori |
One day, while working as a waitress at the age of fourteen, fashion designer Marcos Toledo invited her to work as a model. She became independent by the age of seventeen and went to live with her cousins. At nineteen she met actor Sergio Mayer, who would later become father to their son Sergio, born in 1998. They neve... | What was her job prior to becoming a model? | fc18b6baf96aaeea361ade86849f1138c44860f3 | en | waitress |
She later studied acting in El Centro de Estudios de Formación Actoral. She made her acting debut in the Mexican telenovela Al norte del corazón. She then participated in the comedy series Tric Tac and Mirada de mujer the following year. She obtained her first TVyNovelas Award for her role in Mirada de mujer for Best N... | What was the name of the telenovela in which she made her acting debut? | 038096cdf5ace6b1d095f747f2dc6d8dd1f18aaa | en | Al norte del corazón |
She later studied acting in El Centro de Estudios de Formación Actoral. She made her acting debut in the Mexican telenovela Al norte del corazón. She then participated in the comedy series Tric Tac and Mirada de mujer the following year. She obtained her first TVyNovelas Award for her role in Mirada de mujer for Best N... | What is the English word for the occupation that can be studied at El Centro de Estudios de Formacion Actoral? | 7a78acf4d1c5b9557ab38665d4b975f895f8927a | en | acting |
A portable computer (discontinued) is a general-purpose computer that can be easily moved from place to place, but cannot be used while in transit, usually because it requires some "setting-up" and an AC power source. The most famous example is the Osborne 1. Portable computers are also called a "transportable" or a "l... | What power source does a portable computer use? | 2a0768a3f438fd000fea3c5945838de6711b7f58 | en | AC power source |
Human interface with device: Screens and keyboards tend to be small, which may make them hard to use. Alternate input methods such as speech or handwriting recognition require training. | what is it difficult for some people to use mobile devices? | 21ec495b4c017f9189d6f8c3a2c88e46cd45977b | en | Screens and keyboards tend to be small |
Human interface with device: Screens and keyboards tend to be small, which may make them hard to use. Alternate input methods such as speech or handwriting recognition require training. | What is one alternative input method? | a179503969683977e4f88880fb5c79daf279587c | en | speech |
Mobile computing is human–computer interaction in which a computer is expected to be transported during normal usage, which allows for transmission of data, voice and video. Mobile computing involves mobile communication, mobile hardware, and mobile software. Communication issues include ad hoc networks and infrastruct... | Name some of the components of hardware | e9c0d5c38844cf703483ec652d4fef82cace35a6 | en | mobile devices or device components |
Mobile security has become increasingly important in mobile computing. It is of particular concern as it relates to the security of personal information now stored on the smartphone. | What relates to the personal information stored on smartphones? | b88f1ca6b2fb882b6ce315293aa66317202deb79 | en | Mobile security |
Other types of mobile computers have been introduced since the 1990s, including the: | What was introduced in the 1990's? | a0c6c14cc6e31adce32524403051469b637a03eb | en | Other types of mobile computers |
Potential health hazards: People who use mobile devices while driving are often distracted from driving and are thus assumed more likely to be involved in traffic accidents. (While this may seem obvious, there is considerable discussion about whether banning mobile device use while driving reduces accidents or not.) Ce... | What can negatively affect medical devices? | b5adad93b5cc93a415a0abdc6db32ca8667f0c1c | en | Cell phones |
Power consumption: When a power outlet or portable generator is not available, mobile computers must rely entirely on battery power. Combined with the compact size of many mobile devices, this often means unusually expensive batteries must be used to obtain the necessary battery life. | What contributes to the cost of mobile devices? | 40604f76a633b4ce44c594e99e5c5d6a015d8ded | en | expensive batteries |
Power consumption: When a power outlet or portable generator is not available, mobile computers must rely entirely on battery power. Combined with the compact size of many mobile devices, this often means unusually expensive batteries must be used to obtain the necessary battery life. | What powersource does mobile computers rely on when there is no outlet or portable genarator? | 28faf475c449965f27ae587f2aa060d08ec16bfa | en | battery power |
Range and bandwidth: Mobile Internet access is generally slower than direct cable connections, using technologies such as GPRS and EDGE, and more recently HSDPA, HSUPA, 3G and 4G networks and also the proposed 5G network. These networks are usually available within range of commercial cell phone towers. High speed netw... | What recent technologies are utilized to access Mobile Internet? | ac42fd2ba97c9424876612fc66b0e37cbf974c99 | en | HSDPA, HSUPA, 3G and 4G networks and also the proposed 5G network |
Range and bandwidth: Mobile Internet access is generally slower than direct cable connections, using technologies such as GPRS and EDGE, and more recently HSDPA, HSUPA, 3G and 4G networks and also the proposed 5G network. These networks are usually available within range of commercial cell phone towers. High speed netw... | What transmits internet connections such as 3G and 4G networks? | 339d6a074b95eaab8ec57c3fa4165116c7133929 | en | commercial cell phone towers |
Range and bandwidth: Mobile Internet access is generally slower than direct cable connections, using technologies such as GPRS and EDGE, and more recently HSDPA, HSUPA, 3G and 4G networks and also the proposed 5G network. These networks are usually available within range of commercial cell phone towers. High speed netw... | What is the range of wireless LANs? | 42074f0d7e10f7938dc87d1d4ed10c53fd0c3b9f | en | limited |
Security standards: When working mobile, one is dependent on public networks, requiring careful use of VPN. Security is a major concern while concerning the mobile computing standards on the fleet. One can easily attack the VPN through a huge number of networks interconnected through the line. | What is a security standard when it comes to mobile networking? | ba61ff9740862507b355126788e62bd700d0ebac | en | careful use of VPN |
Transmission interferences: Weather, terrain, and the range from the nearest signal point can all interfere with signal reception. Reception in tunnels, some buildings, and rural areas is often poor. | What external factors could interfere with cellphone reception in tunnels or buildings? | 2c1906ceaeb5c7ad2324f11b923a553805db672c | en | Weather, terrain, and the range from the nearest signal point |
Khan was born on 14 March 1965 in Bombay to Tahir Hussain, a film producer, and Zeenat Hussain. Several of his relatives were members of the Hindi film industry, including his late paternal uncle, the producer-director Nasir Hussain. He has a relation to the cinema of Pakistan as well, being a relative of movie directo... | What organization was Nasir Hussain a member of? | af1cdffeab37be63d95f8634395cc2b62ad40085 | en | Hindi film industry |
Mohammed Aamir Hussain Khan (pronounced [ˈaːmɪr ˈxaːn]; born 14 March 1965), widely known as Aamir Khan, is an Indian actor, director, filmmaker and television talk-show host. Through his career spanning over thirty years in Hindi films, Khan has established himself as one of the most popular and influential actors of ... | In what month was Aamir Khan born? | 56f7cbd27e64559b62bf31edf6416a0fd120993e | en | March |
In Chinese, Valentine's Day is called lovers' festival (simplified Chinese: 情人节; traditional Chinese: 情人節; Mandarin: Qīng Rén Jié; Hokkien: Chêng Lîn Chiat; Cantonese: Chìhng Yàhn Jit; Shanghainese Xin Yin Jiq). The "Chinese Valentine's Day" is the Qixi Festival, celebrated on the seventh day of the seventh month of th... | What is the name for the special night when, according to Chinese legend, the cowherder and the weaver maid are allowed to meet each other? | bd24e4cd45ea4a19b2e718831b612ad5e06ae758 | en | The Night of Sevens |
In Denmark and Norway, February 14 is known as Valentinsdag, and it is celebrated in much the same manner as in the United Kingdom. In Sweden it is called Alla hjärtans dag ("All Hearts' Day") and is not widely celebrated. A 2016 survey revealed that less than 50% of men and women were planning to buy presents for thei... | What is February 14th known as? | b260e2496d0ab04154e96bcf72a474745b3bcb1d | en | Valentinsdag |
In Finland, Valentine's Day is called ystävänpäivä which translates into "Friend's Day". As the name indicates, this day is more about remembering friends, not significant others. In Estonia, Valentine's Day is called sõbrapäev, which has the same meaning. | What do the Finnish people call Valentine's day? | 6cec42da111b9df946446ce32ddc254167910344 | en | ystävänpäivä |
In Guatemala it is known as the "Día del Cariño" (Affection Day). Some countries, in particular the Dominican Republic and El Salvador, have a tradition called Amigo secreto ("Secret friend"), which is a game similar to the Christmas tradition of Secret Santa.In Brazil, the Dia dos Namorados (lit. "Lovers' Day", or "Bo... | what do couples give each other? | 137b300e0a41caefa7c1f31eb35fbf6cc79997cf | en | gifts, chocolates, cards, and flower bouquets |
In Israel, the Jewish tradition of Tu B'Av has been revived and transformed into the Jewish equivalent of Valentine's Day. It is celebrated on the 15th day of the month of Av (usually in late August). In ancient times girls would wear white dresses and dance in the vineyards, where the boys would be waiting for them (M... | When is Tu B'Av celebrated? | e6c27a2a72f1ad2617e9cf11c158f74abd357c78 | en | 15th day of the month of Av |
In Japan, Morozoff Ltd. introduced the holiday for the first time in 1936, when it ran an advertisement aimed at foreigners. Later, in 1953, it began promoting the giving of heart-shaped chocolates; other Japanese confectionery companies followed suit thereafter. In 1958, the Isetan department store ran a "Valentine sa... | What sweets are given as gifts the most? | a57a146449faad303f7069c893a2738580a90b2c | en | chocolate |
In Japan, Morozoff Ltd. introduced the holiday for the first time in 1936, when it ran an advertisement aimed at foreigners. Later, in 1953, it began promoting the giving of heart-shaped chocolates; other Japanese confectionery companies followed suit thereafter. In 1958, the Isetan department store ran a "Valentine sa... | What is the name of Japanese holiday where workers exchange chocolate? | 11e0df1d00a39a3596162ad9f4d42e992a06d9d1 | en | giri-choko |
In Saudi Arabia, in 2002 and 2008, religious police banned the sale of all Valentine's Day items, telling shop workers to remove any red items, because the day is considered a Christian holiday. This ban has created a black market for roses and wrapping paper. In 2012, the religious police arrested more than 140 Muslim... | What two years were the sale of Valentines day items banned? | ebdd670d1d4773f9ab9f2f882a8a405f98005ea7 | en | 2002 and 2008 |
In South Korea, women give chocolate to men on February 14, and men give non-chocolate candy to women on March 14 (White Day). On April 14 (Black Day), those who did not receive anything on February or March 14 go to a Chinese-Korean restaurant to eat black noodles (자장면 jajangmyeon) and lament their 'single life'. Kore... | South Korean women who do not receive candy from a man on March 14 go where to do what? | 08c08ec08bc614aef5acd0a92474c2cf38541d55 | en | go to a Chinese-Korean restaurant to eat black noodles |
In recent years, Romania has also started celebrating Valentine's Day. This has drawn backlash from several groups, institutions, and nationalist organizations like Noua Dreaptǎ, who condemn Valentine's Day for being superficial, commercialist, and imported Western kitsch. In order to counter the perceived denaturation... | What is the primary reason Nousa Drepta condemned Valentine's Day in Romania? | 388195252e106d1222e13280a1173a7cee06a558 | en | for being superficial, commercialist, and imported Western kitsch |
In recent years, Romania has also started celebrating Valentine's Day. This has drawn backlash from several groups, institutions, and nationalist organizations like Noua Dreaptǎ, who condemn Valentine's Day for being superficial, commercialist, and imported Western kitsch. In order to counter the perceived denaturation... | The Romanian spring festival holiday Dragobete is based on what? | d81ce3cec925542d76fabb8f00a77fc7082cbcad | en | folklore |
In the Philippines, Valentine's Day is called Araw ng mga Puso in much the same manner as in the West. It is usually marked by a steep increase in the price of flowers, particularly red roses. It is the most popular day for weddings, with some localities offering mass ceremonies for no charge. | What flowers in particular have a steep increase in price? | a10b5838eb4822949c8a0870286218541b72579d | en | red roses |
In the United States, the first mass-produced Valentines of embossed paper lace were produced and sold shortly after 1847 by Esther Howland (1828–1904) of Worcester, Massachusetts. Her father operated a large book and stationery store, but Howland took her inspiration from an English Valentine she had received from a b... | What is the Valentine's Day? | 63d4ae854c92f0cb3d7063eb69aa511fc309171d | en | a national holyday |
J.C. Cooper, in The Dictionary of Christianity, writes that Saint Valentine was "a priest of Rome who was imprisoned for succouring persecuted Christians." Contemporary records of Saint Valentine were most probably destroyed during this Diocletianic Persecution in the early 4th century. In the 5th or 6th century, a wor... | What religion did Valentine try to persuade Claudius to join? | f5736953df76a9fd525ef14dbaf2ee3343e815c3 | en | Christianity |
J.C. Cooper, in The Dictionary of Christianity, writes that Saint Valentine was "a priest of Rome who was imprisoned for succouring persecuted Christians." Contemporary records of Saint Valentine were most probably destroyed during this Diocletianic Persecution in the early 4th century. In the 5th or 6th century, a wor... | Who interrogated Saint Valentine? | cb4b2b8a202eedac08dadca4fb902cab28c55be1 | en | Claudius II |
Numerous early Christian martyrs were named Valentine. The Valentines honored on February 14 are Valentine of Rome (Valentinus presb. m. Romae) and Valentine of Terni (Valentinus ep. Interamnensis m. Romae). Valentine of Rome was a priest in Rome who was martyred in 269 and was added to the calendar of saints by Pope G... | How much more is known about the third saint Valentine? | c51094a648a304a3b625d7381952ceda5666c343 | en | nothing |
Numerous early Christian martyrs were named Valentine. The Valentines honored on February 14 are Valentine of Rome (Valentinus presb. m. Romae) and Valentine of Terni (Valentinus ep. Interamnensis m. Romae). Valentine of Rome was a priest in Rome who was martyred in 269 and was added to the calendar of saints by Pope G... | Where are his relics located? | e176ff0a2f56d716cf07077b0072c79faee5b240 | en | Basilica of Saint Valentine in Terni |
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio
mlqa filtered version
For a better dataset description, please visit the official site of the source dataset: LINK
This dataset was prepared by converting mlqa dataset. I've concatenated versions of the dataset for languages of interest and retrieved a text answers from "answers" column.
I additionaly share the code which I used to convert the original dataset to make everything more clear
def download_mlqa(subset_name):
dataset_valid = load_dataset("mlqa", subset_name, split="validation").to_pandas()
dataset_test = load_dataset("mlqa", subset_name, split="test").to_pandas()
full_dataset = pd.concat([dataset_valid, dataset_test])
full_dataset.reset_index(drop=True, inplace=True)
return full_dataset
needed_langs = ["mlqa.en.en", "mlqa.de.de", "mlqa.ar.ar", "mlqa.es.es", "mlqa.vi.vi", "mlqa.zh.zh"]
datasets = []
for lang in tqdm(needed_langs):
dataset = download_mlqa(lang)
dataset["lang"] = lang.split(".")[2]
datasets.append(dataset)
full_mlqa = pd.concat(datasets)
full_mlqa.reset_index(drop=True, inplace=True)
full_mlqa["answer"] = [answer_dict["text"][0] for answer_dict in full_mlqa["answers"]]
full_mlqa.drop("answers", axis=1, inplace=True)
How to download
from datasets import load_dataset
data = load_dataset("dkoterwa/mlqa_filtered")
- Downloads last month
- 12