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Conclusions
residual neuromuscular block
MINOR
Recovery of spontaneous breathing could be used as a substitute of neuromuscular monitoring to guide neostigmine use in pediatric patients following minor surgeries. However, care should be taken for the residual neuromuscular block.
PMC9824919
Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-IOR-17012890. Registered on 5 October 2017
PMC9824919
Keywords
PMC9824919
Background
neuromuscular block, bradycardia, vomiting, nausea
ADVERSE EVENTS
Application of muscle relaxants can improve the surgery and anesthetic conditions of patients undergoing general anesthesia, and they are commonly used in the clinic [Neostigmine, which is the most commonly used antagonist of muscle relaxants in the clinic, is often used at a dose of 0.02–0.07 mg/kg. Common adverse eve...
PMC9824919
Methods
bradycardia, hypoxia, muscle paralysis, hernia, nausea, vomiting
RESPIRATORY DISEASE, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION DISEASE, ADVERSE EVENTS, HYPOXIA, LIVER DISEASE, WEST, SECONDARY
This was a single-center, parallel, randomized, controlled trial, and was approved by the Ethics Committee of West China Hospital, Sichuan University. The study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration number: ChiCTR-IOR-17012890). The hospital that carried out this study is a research hospit...
PMC9824919
Discussion
The incidence of rNMB after extubation in pediatric patients with routine use of neostigmine after recovery of spontaneous breathing (experimental group) was not significantly different compared with that in pediatric patients who were provided neostigmine guided by the monitoring of neuromuscular function (control gro...
PMC9824919
Conclusions
residual neuromuscular block
MINOR
Recovery of spontaneous breathing could be used as a substitute of neuromuscular monitoring to guide neostigmine use in pediatric patients following minor surgeries. However, care should be taken for the residual neuromuscular block.
PMC9824919
Acknowledgements
Ellen
We thank Ellen Knapp, PhD, from Liwen Bianji, Edanz Group China (
PMC9824919
Authors’ contributions
Study design: L Yang, Y Zuo; data collection: Na Hu, H Chang; data analysis: D Yang, L Yang; manuscript preparation: L Yang. The authors read and approved the final manuscript.
PMC9824919
Funding
WEST
This study was supported by Research Grant from the 1.3.5. project for disciplines of excellence. West China Hospital, Sichuan University (ZYGD20005)
PMC9824919
Availability of data and materials
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
PMC9824919
Declarations
PMC9824919
Ethics approval and consent to participate
WEST
This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of West China Hospital, Sichuan University (approval number: 2017-349).
PMC9824919
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
PMC9824919
Competing interests
the authors declare that they have no competing interests.
PMC9824919
References
PMC9824919
Background
AVNRT
RECURRENCES
Considering that ablation of atypical AVNRT may be unsuccessful after ablation at the right posterior septum, in this study, we aimed to present an optimal method for ablation of atypical AVNRT. Also, we evaluated the efficacy of this technique for preventing recurrences.
PMC10199465
Methods
AVNRT
This is a prospective, double-center study. It was conducted on 62 patients with atypical AVNRT referred for radiofrequency ablation. The patients were randomly divided into two groups before ablation: 1-Group A (n = 30): treated with conventional ablation at the anatomic area of the slow pathway; 2-Group B (n = 32): a...
PMC10199465
Results
AVNRT
RECURRENCE
The mean age of patients in groups A and B were 54 ± 11.7 and 55 ± 12.2, respectively (P = 0.43). In group A, ablation was successful in 24 (80%) patients following right-sided slow pathway ablation, and the remaining patients required further treatment with either a left-side approach (N = 4, 13.3%) or ablation of add...
PMC10199465
Conclusion
arrhythmia
RECURRENCE, ARRHYTHMIA
In patients with atypical AVNRT, ablation 2 mm above the conventional area is more promising regarding success rate and recurrence of the arrhythmia.
PMC10199465
Keywords
PMC10199465
Introduction
AVNRT, tachycardia
RECURRENCES, AV NODAL REENTRANT TACHYCARDIA, SUPRAVENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA
AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT), the most common type of supraventricular tachycardia, is characterized by tachycardia with a narrow QRS of supraventricular origin, sudden termination, and a heart rate of 150–250 beats/min [Most AVNRT cases can be treated with slow pathway ablation from the right part of the inf...
PMC10199465
Materials and methods
PMC10199465
Study population
AVNRT
RECURRENCE
This research is a prospective, double-center study. It was conducted on 62 patients with atypical AVNRT referred for radiofrequency ablation (2013–2019). All patients with symptomatic AVNRT with at least one episode every two months were included in this study. Those patients who underwent ablation therapy and develop...
PMC10199465
Definition of atypical AVNRT
AVNRT, reentrant tachycardia
Atrio-ventricular node reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) was diagnosed by fulfillment of standard criteria during an electrophysiologic study with atrial/ventricular pacing maneuvers: 1-Typical (slow-fast) AVNRT was characterized by AH/HA ratio > 1, and HA ≤ 70 ms, 2-Atypical AVNRT was defined by delayed retrograde atrial ...
PMC10199465
Electrophysiologic study
All of the antiarrhythmic drugs were stopped five lifetimes before the study. Five electro catheters were inserted into the heart, three via the left femoral vein and two via the right femoral vein. Three quadripolar catheters from the left femoral vein were placed in RA-RV-HIS location, and one decapolar catheter from...
PMC10199465
Slow pathway ablation
AVNRT, arrhythmia, group-A
JUNCTIONAL RHYTHM, ARRHYTHMIA
The patients were randomly divided into two groups before ablation: 1-Group A (n = 30): treated with “conventional ablation” at the anatomic area of the slow pathway; 2-Group B (n = 32): ablation was done 2 mm higher in the septum (during fluoroscopy):In group-A, conventional anatomic slow pathway RF ablation was perfo...
PMC10199465
Statistical analysis
Continuous data were expressed as Mean ± SD. The normality of data was analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test. Independent sample t-test and chi-square tests were used for bivariate analysis. P value 0 < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. The statistical software IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows v...
PMC10199465
Results
PMC10199465
Baseline characteristics
GROUP B
A total of 62 patients with atypical AVNRT were studied. Group A (n = 30, 15 male, age 54 ± 11.7 years) were treated with “conventional ablation” at the anatomic area of the slow pathway. Group B (n = 32, 13 male, age 55 ± 12.2 years) were treated with ablation 2 mm higher in the septum. There were no significant diffe...
PMC10199465
Electrophysiological findings
fast-slow AVNRT, AVNRT, arrhythmia
ARRHYTHMIA
In group A, 26 of the 30 patients (86.6%) had fast-slow AVNRT, and 4 patients (13.3%) had slow-slow AVNRT. In group B, 27 of the 32 patients (84.3%) had fast-slow AVNRT and 5 patients (15.6%) had slow-slow AVNRT. Electrophysiological findings during arrhythmia are shown in Table Electrophysiological and ablation findi...
PMC10199465
Ablation characteristics
Group-A patients were treated with “conventional ablation” at the anatomic area of the slow pathway as described. This was successful in 24 patients (80%). In 4 patients, a left-sided approach was accomplished following unsuccessful right-sided slow pathway ablation. In 2 patients, additional lesions were needed in the...
PMC10199465
Patients follow-up
AVNRT, group-A, AV block
RECURRENCES, RECURRENCE, AV BLOCK
48-month follow-up was completed in groups A and B patients. Recurrence of symptomatic atypical AVNRT was detected in 4 (13.3%) patients of group A and none of the group B patients (p < 0.001 for the percentages of recurrences in group-A versus group B). No case of AV block was noted during follow-up in either group-A ...
PMC10199465
Discussion
AVNRT
In contrast with its typical form, Literature data on atypical AVNRT need to be revised because of its low prevalence. Atypical AVNRT has been identified as a predictor of lower ablation success rates, and the optimal method of catheter ablation still needs to be established. The same anatomic site and nature of the pa...
PMC10199465
Acknowledgements
Not Applicable.
PMC10199465
Author contributions
H.B., A.A. and S.S. convenience the idea for the manuscript. R.F., K.P and M.B. collected data. H.B., A.A. and S.S. and M.R. contributed to data interpretation. H.B. and M.B. and M.R. drafted the manuscript. R.F. and H.B. and M.R. revised and edited the manuscript. H.B. also revised the manuscript critically and stood ...
PMC10199465
Funding
No financial support was received for this study.
PMC10199465
Data Availability
SPSS data of the participants can be requested from the authors. Please write to the corresponding author if you are interested in such data.
PMC10199465
Declarations
PMC10199465
Ethics approval and consent to participate
DISEASE
The privacy of the patients was protected. A detailed explanation of the disease and treatment was provided. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (IR.SUMS.MED.REC.1396.04), and written informed consent was obtained from the subjects. All methods were carried out i...
PMC10199465
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
PMC10199465
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
PMC10199465
References
PMC10199465
Objective
ovarian endometrioma
This study aimed to explore the optimal time of laparoscopic cystectomy for unilateral ovarian endometrioma patients and evaluate the influence on ovarian reserve.
PMC10294415
Materials and methods
endometrioma, ovarian endometrioma
ENDOMETRIOMA
This prospective randomized controlled study included 88 women with unilateral ovarian endometrioma at a tertiary teaching hospital. All patients received their first identified diagnosis of ovarian endometrioma by ultrasound (> 4 cm and ≤ 10 cm) and were administered an oral contraceptive pill (OC) for one cycle befor...
PMC10294415
Results
Before surgery, serum AMH levels decreased in both groups from preoperative to one week and six months postoperatively. In contrast, the difference values of group EFP were larger than those of group LLP at postoperative one week and postoperative six months (1.87 ± 0.97 vs. 1.31 ± 0.93,
PMC10294415
Conclusion(s)
ovarian tissue loss, ovarian endometrioma
The optimal time for laparoscopic cystectomy for patients with first identified unilateral ovarian endometrioma is the late luteal phase, which reduces ovarian tissue loss and preserves ovarian reserve effectively and safely.
PMC10294415
Keywords
PMC10294415
Introduction
Endometriosis, endometriosis, chronic pelvic pain, intraoperative blood loss, Ovarian endometriomas, infertility, ovarian endometrioma
ENDOMETRIOSIS, ENDOMETRIOSIS, DYSMENORRHEA, CAVITY, INTRAOPERATIVE BLOOD LOSS
Endometriosis (EMT) is a common gynecological condition characterized by endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity resulting in dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, pelvic masses, and infertility, which can seriously affect a woman’s health and quality of life. Ovarian endometriomas are the most common type of EMT, w...
PMC10294415
Materials and methods
endometriosis, ovarian endometrioma, ovarian, uterine, or tubal surgery history, malignant ovarian diseases, endocrine disease
ENDOMETRIOSIS, INFILTRATED, COMPLICATIONS, ENDOCRINE DISEASE
This prospective clinical study was approved by the board of Fujian provincial hospital ethics committee (2018ky0024) and registered under the clinical trial registry number (ChiCTR1800019766). All patients provided preoperative informed consent after being informed of potential risks and complications. All patients pr...
PMC10294415
Sample size calculation
Using a two-sided equal-variance t-test, group sample sizes of 30 and 30 achieved 81.328% power to reject the null hypothesis of equal means when the mean population difference was 1.13. The standard deviation for both groups was 1.51, and the significance level (alpha) was 0.05 [
PMC10294415
Randomization
ovarian endometrioma
All patients were diagnosed with ovarian endometrioma by ultrasound and were administered OC for one cycle before laparoscopy to inhibit ovulation and identify the menstruation phase. After written consent, the randomized number was concealed in an opaque, sealed envelope for each patient, and the envelopes were opened...
PMC10294415
Surgical technique
endometriosis
ENDOMETRIOSIS, PNEUMOPERITONEUM
All surgeries were performed by the same surgeons with extensive experience in endometriosis surgery, who were particularly aware of the necessity to avoid damaging or removing healthy ovarian tissue. Surgeons were blinded to the result of group Randomization. Laparoscopic pneumoperitoneum was induced by CO
PMC10294415
Hormonal assays
All patients provided serum specimens prior to anesthesia, as well as at one week and six months following the procedure. Venous blood samples were obtained, and serum was extracted by centrifugation. According to manufacturer’s instructions, serum E2 and P levels were measured by enzyme-linked fluorescent assay (ELISA...
PMC10294415
Tissue sample collection
After a naked-eye examination of the entire cyst wall, five pieces of the specimen of 5 mm
PMC10294415
Unilateral ovarian involvement
endometrioma
ENDOMETRIOMA
We compared the potential role of unilateral ovarian involvement on preoperative levels and postoperative changes in AMH values after laparoscopic endometrioma excision. AMH decline (% decline AMH) was used to compare the changes in AMH levels in endometrioma resected at different menstrual cycles. The rate of AMH decl...
PMC10294415
Statistical analysis
Categorical variables are described using proportions. Baseline patient characteristics were calculated via t-test for comparisons of normally distributed data and the rank-sum test for comparisons of non-normally distributed data. Count data were summarized as percentages and compared using chi-square and Fisher’s exa...
PMC10294415
Results
PMC10294415
Baseline characteristics
blood loss, SD, r-AFS, infertility
BLOOD LOSS, DYSMENORRHEA
No significant differences existed in age, cyst size, gravidity, parity, infertility, dysmenorrhea, r-AFS Staging, blood loss volume, and operation time between the two groups. Serum progesterone was significantly higher in the late luteal phase than in the early follicular phase on the day of surgery ([2.46 ± 1.43] vs...
PMC10294415
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to everyone involved in conducting the study, analyzing the data, and producing the manuscript.
PMC10294415
Author Contributions
Qing Wu and Tan Lin not only conceived and designed the study but also participated in the drafting and writing of the manuscript. They also supervised the study and critically revised the manuscript. Qing Wu, Qingmei Yang, Lin Wu and Yanling Lin collected the clinical data. Qing Wu, Qingmei Yang and Tan Lin were respo...
PMC10294415
Funding
This study was supported by the Zhejiang Chinese Traditional Medicine Scientific Research Fund Project (2021ZB025) and Health Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province (2023KY054). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, publication decision, or manuscript preparation.
PMC10294415
Data Availability
Data from this study are publicly unavailable owing to ethical and legal restrictions. However, data may be made available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.
PMC10294415
Declarations
PMC10294415
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
PMC10294415
Ethical approval and consent to participate
Ethical approval (2018ky0024) to conduct the study was provided by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Fujian provincial hospital ethics committee and registered under the clinical trial registry number (ChiCTR1800019766).
PMC10294415
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
PMC10294415
Provenance and peer review
Not commissioned, externally peer-reviewed.
PMC10294415
References
PMC10294415
2. Materials and Methods
PMC10384259
2.1. Participants
coronary artery dysfunction, cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular disorders
OBESE, DIABETES MELLITUS, INSULIN RESISTANCE, BRONCHIAL DISEASE, HYPOTHYROIDISM, HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
In this 12-week randomized controlled trial, forty-two obese premenopausal women (aged 40 to 50 years) were screened and divided into two groups at random: the intervention group (CAST-CR), who underwent CAST with caloric restriction, or the control group (AT-CR), who received aerobic training in addition to caloric re...
PMC10384259
2.2. Randomization
To avoid bias, random assignments of the participants were carried out in two phases. First, fellow physiotherapists working in ambulatory clinics identified all women who satisfied the study’s inclusion criteria and did not have a criterion for exclusion. Second, women were assigned randomly in a 1:1 ratio to either t...
PMC10384259
2.3. Evaluative Procedures
PMC10384259
2.3.1. Anthropometric Parameters
At baseline and after 3 months, anthropometric measures were taken while participants wore hospital gowns without shoes. Height was evaluated with a standard scale on a portable stadiometer to the closest 0.1 cm with bare feet, and a standard weight scale was used to measure body weight to the nearest 0.1 kg while the ...
PMC10384259
2.3.2. Abdominal Adiposity
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous fat were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging with a 1.5 Tesla magnet (Siemens Magnetom Symphony, Erlangen, Germany). Using a gradient echo “in phase” and “out phase” sequence, a single slice at the L4 level was used to evaluate adipose tissue distribution. The classi...
PMC10384259
2.3.3. Blood Sampling and Analysis
INSULIN RESISTANCE
Venous blood samples were taken from an antecubital vein at approximately 8:00 a.m. by a qualified technician after an overnight fast. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride, hepatic enzymes, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) wer...
PMC10384259
2.3.4. One-Repetition Maximum
EVENT
One-repetition maximum (1RM) is the highest amount of load that can be borne while effectively finishing one repetition of an exercise. Initially, the test begins with a warm-up of 6 to 10 repeats with approximately half of the expected load for the primary attempt in the 1RM test. Following two minutes of rest, patien...
PMC10384259
2.4. Intervention
PMC10384259
2.4.1. Exercise Training Protocols
Both exercise groups underwent a 12-week supervised training program with a similar amount of training time, working out for 60 min per day, three days per week. Sufficient warming up and cooling down in the form of large muscle stretching, flexibility exercises, breathing exercises, and low-intensity gait (50% of maxi...
PMC10384259
2.4.2. Aerobic Exercise Training Protocol
Following a warm-up, on nonconsecutive days, patients in this group achieved walking using a treadmill at a modest speed without inclination three times a week. The intensity of exercise was specified according to the Karvonen equation, while the target heart rate = [(max HR − resting HR) × % intensity] + resting HR, w...
PMC10384259
2.4.3. Concurrent Exercise Training Protocol
premature fatigue
CAST was executed three times a week over 12 weeks, consisting of 30 min of resistance training and 30 min of aerobic exercise (participants adopted the same previously described aerobic training but just for 30 min). Resistance training was conducted prior to aerobic training to prevent premature fatigue that may resu...
PMC10384259
2.4.4. Dietary Intervention
During the baseline period, participants engaged in an individualized nutritional session where the study dietitian provided proper food preparation and selection. Throughout this session, daily energy needs were defined by estimating resting energy expenditure. Subjects were directed to diminish their caloric intake b...
PMC10384259
2.5. Outcome Parameters
SECONDARY, ADIPOSITY
The primary outcome was the change in HOMA-IR. Changes in anthropometric measures, abdominal adiposity, and metabolic parameters were secondary outcomes. Assessments were carried out at the beginning and following 12 weeks of intervention.
PMC10384259
2.6. Blinding
Double blinding was used, where patients and assessors who performed all assessments were unaware of the patients’ treatment group.
PMC10384259
2.7. Statistical Analysis
The normality and homogeneity of variance were checked before performing the final analysis using the Shapiro–Wilk and Levene tests, and no violations were found for any of the dependent variables. The adherence of all participants to the diet program was estimated, where χ
PMC10384259
3. Results
REGRESSION, RECRUITMENT
G*Power (version 3.0.10, Germany) was used to calculate the sample size. With two independent groups, a sample size of 34 patients was considered sufficient based on F tests (MANOVA: effects and interactions) with Type I error = 0.05, power (1-error probability) = 0.80, and effect size = 0.50. To account for the possib...
PMC10384259
4. Discussion
cardiovascular disease, Weight reduction, abdominal obesity, adiposity, weight loss
OBESE, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, INSULIN RESISTANCE, ADIPOSITY, INSULIN RESISTANCE, REGRESSION, TYPE 2 DIABETES, INSULIN SENSITIVITY
The transition to menopause is associated with adipose tissue storage changes that lead to android body composition, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in postmenopausal women [In this study, the effects of CAST with calorie restriction on HOMA-IR, anthropometric measures, abdominal adipo...
PMC10384259
5. Conclusions
obesity
OBESITY, OBESE, INSULIN SENSITIVITY, HYPERINSULINEMIA
This trial proposes evidence that significant improvements in insulin sensitivity can be achieved through 12 weeks of CAST with caloric restriction. These results suggest that this exercise regimen may be a superior option for premenopausal women with obesity and hyperinsulinemia. Consequently, such findings may provid...
PMC10384259
Author Contributions
Conceptualization and methodology. Y.M.A., G.E.E.R. and H.F.E.; thorough analysis, Y.M.A., G.E.E.R. and H.F.E.; investigation, Y.M.A., G.E.E.R. and H.F.E.; drafting and article preparation, Y.M.A., G.E.E.R., H.F.E., M.M.T. and M.I.A.; writing—editing and revising, all authors; funding acquisition, M.I.A. The published ...
PMC10384259
Institutional Review Board Statement
This study was carried out in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration and was approved by the Institutional Review Board (or Ethics Committee) of (PTREC/012/002156 on 12/2018).
PMC10384259
Informed Consent Statement
All participants in the research provided their informed consent.
PMC10384259
Data Availability Statement
The corresponding author will provide the identified datasets used in the current study upon reasonable request.
PMC10384259
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
PMC10384259
Appendix A
Aerobic exercise training protocol.
PMC10384259
Appendix B
Concurrent exercise training protocol.
PMC10384259
References
high-density lipoprotein, ’
REGRESSION, INSULIN RESISTANCE, ADIPOSITY, INSULIN SENSITIVITY
Study flowchart.Patients’ demographic and anthropometric features at baseline.CAST-CR, concurrent aerobic and strength training with caloric restriction; AT-CR, aerobic training with caloric restriction; BMI, body mass index; SD, standard deviation; level of significance at Anthropometric measures, abdominal adiposity,...
PMC10384259
1. Introduction
ASD, neuroinflammation, Autism, Autism spectrum disorder, neurodevelopmental disorder, mitochondrial dysfunction, autistic, autism
MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION, OXIDATIVE STRESS, PATHOGENESIS, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder with repetitive behaviour which affects interaction and communication. Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate abundant in the seeds and sprouts of cruciferous vegetables, has been shown to be effective in alleviating autistic behaviour. We perform...
PMC9920098
2. Patients and Methods
PMC9920098
2.1. Patients and Study Design
DSM-5, autism
SECONDARY, ADVERSE EVENT, SEIZURE DISORDER, COLD, CHRONIC DISEASE
Children aged 3–7 years with a confirmed clinical diagnosis of ASD that was reconfirmed based upon the DSM-5 symptom checklist were enrolled in this double-blind prospective study. Inclusion criteria were an ASD diagnosis, no prior use of sulforaphane-containing supplements, completion of all follow-ups, and a parent/c...
PMC9920098
2.2. Psychological Examination
autism
To evaluate the severity of ASD symptoms and their changes within the study period, the standardized ADOS-2 assessment was delivered. The ADOS-2 assessments were videotaped and cross-coded by two trained psychologists. All researchers were masked to treatment group assignment. Monitored items were selected from develop...
PMC9920098