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Follow‐up | acute respiratory illness, ARI | Following antiviral receipt, influenza‐positive participants were asked to return to the kiosk for symptom surveys and nasal swab collection 2–3 and 5–7 days after diagnosis (Figure (A) Study design overview including participant‐level study flow of the test‐and‐treat strategy from 11/15/19 to 4/30/21. (B) Total number... | PMC9835442 | |
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on study protocol | ARI | VIRUS, RECRUITMENT, APPENDIX, INFLUENZA | In response to SARS‐CoV‐2 community transmission in WA, study Year 1's intervention was paused on 4/1/2020. Study Year 2 recommenced on 11/2/20 but was terminated early on 4/1/2021 due to operational futility based on minimal influenza activity in King County, WA. During the second year of the study, 5 of the 9 shelter... | PMC9835442 |
UW laboratory testing | INFLUENZA A, INFLUENZA | For samples that were sent to the laboratory, total nucleic acids were extracted using the Magna Pure 96 kit (Roche) and tested by TaqMan OpenArray RT‐PCR (Thermo) for multiple viral pathogens, including influenza A (H3 and H1 hemagglutinin subtypes) and influenza B. OpenArray relative threshold (CRT) values were used ... | PMC9835442 | |
Outcomes and statistical analyses | INFLUENZA | All data in this analysis are presented by participant encounter, defined as each time an eligible individual provided a nasal swab and completed a survey with study staff. We used descriptive statistics to evaluate the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics at baseline in control and intervention periods for st... | PMC9835442 | |
Primary objective: Effects on reducing secondary spread of influenza virus | cough, ILI, sore throat, fever | SORE THROAT, VIRUS, VIRUS INFECTION, INFLUENZA | The primary endpoint was monthly number of influenza‐positive samples in the control versus intervention periods among ARI‐participant encounters. The predictor of interest was test‐and‐treat at the shelter/cluster‐month level (i.e., intervention vs. control periods). Shelters were analyzed with an intent‐to‐treat (ITT... | PMC9835442 |
Secondary objective A: Assess feasibility of test‐and‐treat strategy for influenza in shelters | INFLUENZA | Feasibility of implementation of point‐of‐care influenza molecular testing was measured as the time between symptom onset until diagnosis through rapid test or laboratory test. Feasibility of implementation of antiviral treatment was measured as the time between symptom onset until initiation of antiviral treatment. Ad... | PMC9835442 | |
Secondary objective B: Characterize influenza transmission | INFLUENZA | To better understand the relationship among the influenza cases detected by this study and between these cases and cases with a viral genomic sequence publicly available in the GISAID database, we attempted sequencing on all influenza‐positive samples from Year 1 with viral loads > ~50,000 genomic copies/ml. We were ab... | PMC9835442 | |
RESULTS | PMC9835442 | |||
Study population and demographics | respiratory illness, ARI | INFLUENZA | Overall, we observed 1283 ARI encounters (1159 from Year 1 and 124 from Year 2) from 668 unique participants who met eligibility criteria. Of these, 514 and 769 encounters occurred during the control and intervention periods, respectively. The median age of participants was 45 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 24), and... | PMC9835442 |
Clinical characteristics of ARI encounters | sore throat, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, fever, rhinorrhea, respiratory illness, ARI, emphysema, cough, asthma, Fever | SORE THROAT, REACTIVE AIRWAY DISEASE, EMPHYSEMA, ASTHMA, INFLUENZA | The most common symptoms reported were rhinorrhea (76.9%) and cough (72.3%) (Table Baseline sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of ARI‐participant encounters, by laboratory multiplex assay‐confirmed influenza result and rapid influenza molecular test result, 2019–2020 and 2020–2021 influenza seasonsAbbreviati... | PMC9835442 |
Influenza detection and intervention effect on reducing secondary spread of influenza virus | respiratory illness, infection, ARI, infections | VIRUS INFECTION, INFECTIONS, INFECTION, INFLUENZA A, INFLUENZA | Among all ARI‐participant encounters, 51 (4.0%) influenza virus infections (A = 15; B = 37) were identified through RT‐PCR. Of the influenza A subtypes, A(H1N1)pdm09 predominated (93.3%). Most infections were identified among participants 18–59 years (54.9%; Table Among the 269 ARI encounters that were eligible for the... | PMC9835442 |
Feasibility of influenza test‐and‐treat strategy | infections | ADVERSE EVENTS, INFECTIONS | Of all ARI‐participant encounters, 37.4% reported symptom onset < 48 h (Table All 21 positives were treated with an antiviral, including 12 with oseltamivir and 9 with baloxavir; 38% of those treated were <5 years old. Of the 51 symptomatic infections identified through RT‐PCR, 64.7% had symptom onset < 48 h of specime... | PMC9835442 |
Genomics | INFLUENZA A, INFLUENZA B, INFLUENZA | All seven full genome sequences generated for the influenza A‐positive samples from three different shelters were identified as A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. We generated a maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree containing these seven samples along with all A(H1N1)pdm09 genomes deposited in GISAID that were collected in WA from ... | PMC9835442 | |
DISCUSSION | illness, ARI, infections, infection, transiency | VIRUS, VIRUS INFECTION, SPECIFIC VIRAL INFECTIONS, INFECTIONS, INFECTION, SECONDARY, APPENDIX, INFLUENZA | This study assessed the feasibility and impact of an on‐site test‐and‐treat intervention for influenza among persons experiencing homelessness in a congregate setting. Although the study was limited by operational futility from a near absence of influenza virus circulation in WA in Year 2,Using on‐site surveillance, we... | PMC9835442 |
CONCLUSION | INFLUENZA EPIDEMIC, VIRUS INFECTION, INFLUENZA | Our findings establish the feasibility of an on‐site influenza test‐and‐treat strategy in shelters that has the potential to be applied during influenza epidemics and pandemics. Our genomic data suggest that intra‐shelter spread of influenza viruses is common and is responsible for a large proportion of symptomatic inf... | PMC9835442 | |
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST | Dr. Chu reported consulting with Ellume, Pfizer, The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, GlaxoSmithKline, and Merck. She has received research funding from Sanofi Pasteur, and support and reagents from Ellume and Cepheid outside of the submitted work. Dr. Englund reported research support from Merck, AstraZeneca, Pfizer... | PMC9835442 | ||
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS | PMC9835442 | |||
ETHICS STATEMENT | The University of Washington Institutional Review Board approved this study. All participants provided informed consent and/or assent. | PMC9835442 | ||
PEER REVIEW | The peer review history for this article is available at | PMC9835442 | ||
Supporting information |
Click here for additional data file. | PMC9835442 | ||
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | FLU | We would like to acknowledge the homeless shelter staff, program managers, and all the participants who made this work possible. We would also like to acknowledge the Seattle Flu Study co‐investigators and the BAT‐Lab Pathogen Detection Lab Team for their contributions to this project. | PMC9835442 | |
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT | Patient‐level data and statistical code are available upon request from the corresponding author at | PMC9835442 | ||
REFERENCES | PMC9835442 | |||
Objective | cranial suture, craniosynostosis | CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS | Analgesia is very important for children with craniosynostosis who are undergoing cranial suture reconstruction. This study investigated the effectiveness and safety of an analgesic technique based on scalp nerve block combined with general anesthesia versus general anesthesia alone. | PMC10391876 |
Methods | cranial suture, scalp nerve block, pain | This was a single-center, prospective, randomized, controlled study. A total of 60 children aged 6-24 months who underwent cranial suture reconstruction were randomly divided into two groups: Group A (general anesthesia combined with scalp nerve block) and Group N (general anesthesia). The hemodynamics were recorded pr... | PMC10391876 | |
Results | The mean arterial pressure and heart rate at 5 min after incision and 1 h after surgery in Group N were higher than those in Group A; the blood glucose and FLACC score in Group N were higher than those in Group A; and the number of postoperative analgesic pump presses were also significantly increased in Group N. | PMC10391876 | ||
Conclusion | cranial suture, postoperative pain, scalp nerve block | CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS | Preoperative scalp nerve block can reduce hemodynamic fluctuation and postoperative pain in children undergoing cranial suture reconstruction for craniosynostosis. Thus, it can be safely and effectively applied in the anesthesia of these children. | PMC10391876 |
Keywords | PMC10391876 | |||
Background | cranial suture, Craniosynostosis | DISEASE, CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS | Craniosynostosis is a relatively uncommon disease in pediatric neurosurgery that affects skull and brain development due to premature closure of the cranial suture [ | PMC10391876 |
Methods | PMC10391876 | |||
Patients | ST-T depression, scalp nerve block, cranial suture, infection, left atrial enlargement, hypersensitivity | CONGENITAL DISORDERS, INFECTION, LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY, BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCK, CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS, HYPERSENSITIVITY, NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS | The study was performed between Oct 1, 2021, and Oct 1, 2022. Written informed consent was obtained from the parents or relatives of patients. A total of 60 children (ASA I or II, aged 6 months to 24 months) who were scheduled for elective cranial suture reconstruction in the Department of Neurosurgery in Shanghai Chil... | PMC10391876 |
Anesthesia, surgery | breast milk | After preoperative fasting (6 h for solid food and then 4 h for breast milk), anesthesia and monitoring were standardized for all children. ECG, pulse oximetry and end-tidal CO | PMC10391876 | |
Scalp nerve block | scalp nerve block, nerve block | In Group A, an ultrasound-guided bilateral scalp nerve block was performed with 0.3% ropivacaine before incision. The total dose of local anesthetic was 3.6 mg/kg in each patient. The procedures for nerve block were as follows: | PMC10391876 | |
Supratrochlear nerve block | CORTEX | The nerve block was guided with an S-NERVE ultrasound machine (Sono Site, USA), an ultrahigh frequency line array probe was placed parallel to the brow arch, the probe position was adjusted, and the supraorbital notch was found on the ultrasound image (an interruption of the bony surface echo). In-plane technology was ... | PMC10391876 | |
Supraorbital nerve block | CORTEX, LOCAL ANESTHETICS | When the supratrochlear nerve block was completed, the puncture needle continued parallel to the supraorbital notch. Then, 0.1 ml/kg local anesthetic was injected. Local anesthetic could be seen spread along the bone cortex of the brow arch and wrapped around the supraorbital notch (Fig. | PMC10391876 | |
Auriculotemporal nerve block | Auriculotemporal nerve block | The ultrasound probe was placed parallel to and above the zygomatic arch, and the superficial temporal artery was found 1 cm above the root of the zygomatic arch in front of the tragus. An ultrasound-guided out-of-plane technique was employed, and 0.1 ml/kg local anesthetic was injected into the deep surface of the sup... | PMC10391876 | |
Lesser occipital nerve block | occipital nerve block | Due to the limitation of resolution of the ultrasound probe, the superficial cervical plexus was blocked to block the lesser occipital nerve. The child lay in a supine position with the head tilted to the opposite side. The superficial cervical plexus was positioned ipsilateral to the superficial cervical plexus and th... | PMC10391876 | |
Greater occipital nerve block | The child was placed in a lateral position, and the ultrasound probe was placed parallel to the superior collar line. The greater occipital artery was found lateral to the external occipital ridge, and 0.2 ml/kg local anesthetic was injected into the medial artery with the in-plane technique (Fig. Greater occipital ner... | PMC10391876 | ||
Postoperative pain relief | consolability, Pain, pain | After the operation, extubation was performed, and then the patients were transferred to the surgical intensive care unit (SICU). Patients in both groups received nurse-controlled analgesia (NCA) via an intravenous analgesia pump. The drug used for analgesia was 1 µg/kg sufentanil in saline (100 ml). The background dos... | PMC10391876 | |
Outcome measurements | venous blood glucose | SECONDARY | The primary outcome objective of the study was the MAP, and the secondary objectives were the HR, FLACC scores, and venous blood glucose. The MAP and HR were recorded in 2 groups preoperatively (T | PMC10391876 |
Statistical analysis | Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 20.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA), and a value of Sample size calculation was performed based on the assumption that a difference of 30% in MAP was clinically relevant. With an α of 0.05 and power of 80%, 26 patients in each group were needed. Therefore, we c... | PMC10391876 | ||
Results | PMC10391876 | |||
Patient demographics and perioperative characteristics | Sixty children were included in this study. The results showed that there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of sex, age, weight, height, duration of surgery and anesthesia, blood transfusion and loss (Table General characteristics of children in the 2 groups (x¯±s) | PMC10391876 | ||
Blood glucose, postoperative pain scores and analgesic consumption | pain | The blood glucose in Group N was significantly higher than that in Group A; pain scores at TPostoperative blood glucose level and FLACC score in the 2 groups (x¯±s)There was no significant difference in intraoperative sufentanil consumption between the 2 groups (P>0.05). The number of analgesic pump presses in Group N ... | PMC10391876 | |
Pain control-related adverse events during the study period | toxicity, hematoma, pain | HEMATOMA, COMPLICATIONS, PUNCTURE SITE INFECTION | The hemodynamics, oxygen saturation and respiratory rate were stable in both groups in the postanesthetic care unit (PACU). There were no complications, such as puncture site infection, local anesthetic toxicity, or hematoma, in any of the patients, and no remedial analgesia was administered for severe pain. | PMC10391876 |
Discussion | toxicity, muscle breaks, pain, cranial suture, nerve block | PERIOSTEUM | In cranial suture reconstruction procedures, skin incision and peeling of the periosteum are the most painful processes and may increase the patient’s blood pressure and HR [Craniotomy-related pain is mainly caused by skin incisions and muscle breaks rather than the operation on the brain parenchyma. The scalp is mainl... | PMC10391876 |
Authors’ contributions | Tianxiao Zou designed the experiment, performed the experiments, analyzed the data and drafted the manuscript. Shenghua Yu designed and performed the experiments. Guili Ding and Rong Wei designed the experiment and revised the manuscript. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript. | PMC10391876 | ||
Funding | No funding was received for this study. | PMC10391876 | ||
Availability of data and materials | The datasets are not publicly available but are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. | PMC10391876 | ||
Declarations | PMC10391876 | |||
Ethics approval and consent to participate | This study was approved by the Institution Review Board (Ethics Commission of Children’s Hospital of Shanghai, Ref. No. 2021R029-F02; registered at the China Clinical Trial Registry Center, registration number ChiCTR2200066131), in accordance with the ethical guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed ... | PMC10391876 | ||
Consent for publication | Not applicable. | PMC10391876 | ||
Competing interests | The authors declare no competing interests. | PMC10391876 | ||
References | PMC10391876 | |||
1. Introduction | Pregnancy nutrition is important for maternal and child health and may affect the development of the infant gut microbiome. Our objective was to assess the feasibility of implementing a food-based intervention designed to increase fiber intake among pregnant women in a rural setting. Participants were enrolled (Diet in... | PMC9958944 | ||
2. Materials and Methods | PMC9958944 | |||
2.1. Recruitment | Pregnant participants were recruited from a single prenatal care clinic serving a rural population in the northwest region of Michigan’s Lower Peninsula. Inclusion criteria were maternal age of at least 18 years, pregnant with a gestational age of approximately 22 weeks at enrollment, and no self-reported contraindicat... | PMC9958944 | ||
2.2. Intervention and Usual Care | A two-arm randomized controlled trial design was implemented with women enrolled in mid-pregnancy ( | PMC9958944 | ||
2.3. Diet Assessment | Cancer | CANCER | Maternal diet was assessed before (i.e., 24-weeks gestation) and 4 weeks after the initiation of the intervention (i.e., 36-weeks gestation), and at 6 weeks postpartum. Participants were asked to complete self-administered 24-hour dietary recalls utilizing the 2016 version of the Automated Self-Administered 24-hr (ASA-... | PMC9958944 |
2.4. Survey and Biospecimen Collection, Storage, and Analyses | BLOOD | Data collection included surveys (including sociodemographic and behavioral information as well as the ASA-24 described above), maternal blood, urine, and stool collection at three time points (24- and 36-weeks gestation [pre- and 4-weeks post-intervention initiation, respectively]; and at 6 weeks postpartum), and infa... | PMC9958944 | |
3. Results | PMC9958944 | |||
3.1. Participants | Our sample was considered entirely rural, and maternal characteristics reflected the local population ( | PMC9958944 | ||
3.2. Feasibility and Acceptability of Implementing Study Procedures | Data collection adherence was high with few missing data points. Overall satisfaction was high, with 85% reporting satisfied or very satisfied, and important qualitative insights were gained from participants. Participants who completed the final study visit ( | PMC9958944 | ||
3.3. Dietary Intake Data | Per protocol, participants were instructed to self-complete two 24-hour dietary recalls using the ASA-24 online system at three different time points (24- and 36-weeks gestation, and 6 weeks postpartum). | PMC9958944 | ||
3.4. Urinary Trace Elements | Descriptive measures of trace element concentrations assessed from urine samples collected at 36-weeks gestation are reported in | PMC9958944 | ||
3.5. Results Published To-Date | In this publication, we focus on the feasibility and acceptability of data, but there are both ongoing and previously published findings from the biospecimen analyses resulting from this pilot study. Data published elsewhere reported the positive association between dietary and plasma carotenoids with alpha diversity i... | PMC9958944 | ||
4. Discussion | CHRONIC DISEASE | The aim of this study was to test procedures, including methods of randomization and outcome measurement, to assess the feasibility and acceptability of implementing a pragmatic, scalable, and replicable food-based intervention that can be used for answering important research questions, especially pertaining to infant... | PMC9958944 | |
5. Conclusions | This pilot trial produced valuable information. The intervention was tested with 27 pregnant women residing in rural Michigan. Retention was high at 93%, with 85% of participants reporting high satisfaction. Among the parameters compared across or within study arms, no significant differences were observed in dietary i... | PMC9958944 | ||
Author Contributions | J.M.K. and S.S.C. conceptualized the study, acquired funding, provided oversight for all study activities, and reviewed and edited the manuscript. J.C.G. assisted in conceptualizing the study and conducted the randomization schema. Y.K. assisted in the original draft preparation. J.M.G. provided oversight for study imp... | PMC9958944 | ||
Institutional Review Board Statement | MAY | This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved on 19 May 2017 by the Institutional Review Board (or Ethics Committee) of Michigan State University and Munson Medical Center (IRB #16-1515 and 1026493). | PMC9958944 | |
Informed Consent Statement | Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study. | PMC9958944 | ||
Data Availability Statement | Data are available upon request from the corresponding author. | PMC9958944 | ||
Conflicts of Interest | The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results. | PMC9958944 | ||
References | Study flyer with timeline and incentive structure.Maternal characteristics at study enrollment.Visit participation rates.Patient satisfaction (free-text responses).Dietary intake pre- and post-intervention by study arm (Trace elements (μg/L) from urine specimens collected at 36-weeks gestation ( | PMC9958944 | ||
Background | drink-flavored bowel preparation, drink bowel preparation, colon cancer | COLON CANCER | Acceptability and tolerance of bowel preparation is critical to overcome patient hesitancy in undergoing colon cancer screening and surveillance colonoscopy. To improve patient experience, a new sports drink-flavored bowel preparation containing polyethylene glycol (PEG) and sulfate salts (FPSS) was developed to provid... | PMC10712137 |
Methods | This FPSS preparation, approved by the FDA in June 2023, was evaluated in a non-randomized Phase 2 study in which 40 patients requiring colonoscopy were prepared with FPSS and 20 with PEG-SD. | PMC10712137 | ||
Results | Overall cleansing success was high with FPSS based on unblinded local endoscopist assessment (93%) and blinded central reading (97%), exceeding PEG-SD which achieved success rates of 84% (local read), 74% and 68% (blinded central reads). Similar differences favoring FPSS were seen for excellent preparations and cleansi... | PMC10712137 | ||
Conclusion | The new sports drink-like flavored preparation compares favorably to PEG-SD for bowel cleansing efficacy while achieving similar patient satisfaction. The study was registered at | PMC10712137 | ||
Keywords | PMC10712137 | |||
Introduction | Despite improvements in prescription bowel preparation technology, a significant proportion of colonoscopy preparations offered to patients are not approved by the FDA, but rather are over-the-counter laxative combinations [Studies by Walker et al. [To provide healthcare practitioners and patients the positive attribut... | PMC10712137 | ||
Methods | colorectal cancer, the bowel preparation | ADVERSE EVENTS, COLORECTAL CANCER, COLON | This was an open-label, active-controlled, sequential-cohort study in adult patients undergoing colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening and surveillance or for diagnostic purposes. This study was conducted at 4 U.S. endoscopy centers and approved by Aspire, Institutional Review Board and registered on A screening v... | PMC10712137 |
Author contributions | J.A. D., M.vB.C., and J.D.M. conceived and designed the project. G.W. and P.W. collected the data. M.vB.C., and J.D.M. analyzed and interpreted the data. J.A.D., M.vB.C., and J.D.M. drafted the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. | PMC10712137 | ||
Funding | This work was supported by Braintree Laboratories, Inc. | PMC10712137 | ||
Data Availability | The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. | PMC10712137 | ||
Declarations | PMC10712137 | |||
Ethics approval and consent to participate | All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. The study protocol was approved by WCG IRB (Payallup, WA) and informed consent was obtained from all subjects. | PMC10712137 | ||
Consent for publication | Not Applicable. | PMC10712137 | ||
Competing interests | Di | Dr. Di Palma is a consultant medical director for Braintree Laboratories. Dr. Cleveland is a scientific consultant. Mr. McGowan is a Braintree employee. The other authors have no competing interests. | PMC10712137 | |
References | PMC10712137 | |||
Key Points | PMC10394570 | |||
Question | CASTRATION-SENSITIVE PROSTATE CANCER | Do Black patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer have worse outcomes than White patients when treated with systemic androgen deprivation therapy combined with a first- or a second-generation androgen receptor pathway inhibitor? | PMC10394570 | |
Findings | CASTRATION-SENSITIVE PROSTATE CANCER, SECONDARY | In this secondary analysis of a randomized phase 3 clinical trial with 1313 patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer, there was no statistically significant difference in overall survival and progression-free survival between Black and White patients. | PMC10394570 | |
Meaning | CASTRATION-SENSITIVE PROSTATE CANCER, SECONDARY | These results suggest that providing fair and equal access to health care may reduce the disparities in treatment outcomes between Black and White patients with advanced prostate cancer.This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial evaluates the association of race with survival among patients with metastatic ... | PMC10394570 | |
Importance | aggressive disease | PROSTATE CANCER, PROSTATE | Black patients present with more aggressive disease and experience higher mortality than White patients with prostate cancer. Race and social determinants of health influence prostate cancer-specific mortality and overall survival (OS); however, in a previous trial, Black patients did not have inferior outcomes compare... | PMC10394570 |
Objective | CASTRATION-SENSITIVE PROSTATE CANCER | To compare differences in survival outcomes of patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) by race in a phase 3 trial with a large proportion of Black patients. | PMC10394570 | |
Design, Setting, and Participants | SECONDARY | This secondary analysis of patient-level data of a prospective phase 3 randomized clinical trial included patients with newly diagnosed mCSPC enrolled between March 1, 2013, and July 15, 2017. Analysis was conducted between December 2022 and February 2023. | PMC10394570 | |
Interventions | Patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy were randomized (1:1) to receive either orteronel 300 mg orally twice daily (experimental group) or bicalutamide 50 mg orally daily (control group). | PMC10394570 | ||
Main Outcomes and Measures | SECONDARY | OS, with progression-free survival (PFS) as a secondary end point. | PMC10394570 | |
Results | Among 1313 participants, 135 (10%) identified as Black and 1077 (82%) as White, with an equal racial distribution between groups. Black patients were younger (median [IQR] age, 65.8 [60-70] vs 68.4 [62.5-74.1] years; | PMC10394570 | ||
Conclusions and Relevance | SECONDARY | In this secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial studying androgen deprivation therapy with first- or second-generation androgen receptor pathway inhibitors, both Black and White patients demonstrated similar OS and PFS. Equitable access to care may reduce historical differences in outcomes between Black and W... | PMC10394570 |
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