title stringlengths 1 1.19k | keywords stringlengths 0 668 | concept stringlengths 0 909 | paragraph stringlengths 0 61.8k | PMID stringlengths 10 11 |
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Author contributions | TS and MT contributed to the study design, patient enrollment, study execution, manuscript drafting, and review. KK, KA, and ST contributed to the study design, data analysis, and manuscript review. Other authors contributed to patient enrollment and study execution. All authors reviewed and approved the manuscript bef... | PMC10030450 | ||
Funding | This study was supported by SymBio Pharmaceuticals Ltd.. | PMC10030450 | ||
Data availability | The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are not publicly available to preserve patient confidentiality; however, these will be made available by the corresponding author upon reasonable request. | PMC10030450 | ||
Declarations | PMC10030450 | |||
Ethics approval | This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The protocol was approved by the institutional review boards of all participating sites. | PMC10030450 | ||
Consent to participate | Written informed consent was obtained from all the participants included in the study. | PMC10030450 | ||
Consent to publish | Permission to submit the manuscript for publication was obtained from all named authors. | PMC10030450 | ||
Conflict of interests | EPS | ONCOLOGY | TS: speaker fees from Eli Lilly, Chugai, Taiho, and Boehringer Ingelheim; research grants from Novartis, Eli Lilly, Daiichi-Sankyo, AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eisai, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Loxo Oncology, Takeda Oncology, Incyte, Chordia Therapeutics, 3D-Medicine, SymBio, PharmaMar, Five Prime, and Astellas; and adviso... | PMC10030450 |
References | PMC10030450 | |||
Objective | sleep disorders | DISORDERS | Edited by: Mark Gold, Washington University in St. Louis, United StatesReviewed by: Lantie Elisabeth Jorandby, Lakeview Health, United States; Yi Zhang, Xidian University, ChinaThis article was submitted to Substance Use Disorders and Behavioral Addictions, a section of the journal Frontiers in Public HealthThe high ra... | PMC9846318 |
Methods | sleep disorders | A total of 392 male substance users were recruited to complete the questionnaires on sleep disorders, quality of life and relapse inclination. On account of this, 60 participants with sleep disorders were randomly screened and allocated to the intervention and control groups. The former received 12 weeks of Health Qigo... | PMC9846318 | |
Results | sleep disorders, Sleep disorders | Sleep disorders had a positive effect on relapse inclination, quality of life was a potential mediator of this relationship, and 12-week Health Qigong designed to treat sleep disorders improved not only their sleep quality but also their overall quality of life, which in turn reduce the tendency to relapse. | PMC9846318 | |
Conclusion | Current research not only explores the high-risk factors influencing relapse, but also develops customized intervention strategies, which have theoretical and practical implications for decreasing relapse and increasing abstinence. | PMC9846318 | ||
1. Introduction | Drug relapse refers to the use, intake, or abuse of psychoactive substances by substance users who have undergone withdrawal treatment and rehabilitation ( | PMC9846318 | ||
1.1. Sleep disorders and relapse | substance abuse, Sleep disorders | DYSFUNCTION | Sleep disorders are the inability to get normal sleep in a suitable sleep environment. The most prominent clinical manifestations include difficulty in getting to sleep and maintaining sleep for a long time, waking up early and feeling tired after waking up, which sometimes lead to physical discomfort and even physical... | PMC9846318 |
1.2. The mediating role of quality of life | Quality of life refers to an individual's subjective evaluations about his life according to his cultural background and value system. It is shaped by each person's unique set of priorities, aspirations, and standards (Quality of life is not only a critical outcome variable, but also increasingly a determinant of the p... | PMC9846318 | ||
1.3. Intervention effect of Health Qigong | weight loss | AIDS | A growing body of evidence supports the notion that exercise not only improves physical appearance, aids in weight loss, and increases muscle mass, but also has positive effects on mood, thinking, and other factors. However, recent studies have shown that participation in physical activity does not always yield positiv... | PMC9846318 |
1.4. The current study | sleep disorders, Sleep disorders | RELAPSE | In conclusion, the purpose of the current study was to investigate the relationship between sleep disorders and substance users' relapse, as well as the potential mediating mechanisms and corresponding interventions. The relapse inclination was used to predict the participants' post-treatment relapse behavior because t... | PMC9846318 |
2. Materials and methods | PMC9846318 | |||
2.1. Participants | PMC9846318 | |||
2.1.1. Cross-sectional surveys (stage 1) | A total of 420 male substance users were recruited Descriptives of the sample. | PMC9846318 | ||
2.1.2. Longitudinal Health Qigong interventions (stage 2) | sleep disorders | In accordance with the findings of the cross-sectional survey, 60 individuals with sleep disorders were randomly assigned to the intervention group or the control group. Exclusion criteria: ( | PMC9846318 | |
2.2. Measures | PMC9846318 | |||
2.2.1. Pittsburgh sleep quality index | This scale is administered to evaluate the sleep quality of an individual over the past month ( | PMC9846318 | ||
2.2.2. The MOS item short from health survey (SF-36) | It's used to assess the composite indicator of both physiological and psychological well-being ( | PMC9846318 | ||
2.2.3. Relapse inclination questionnaire | This scale is used to determine the likelihood that participants would resume substance use after completing drug treatment ( | PMC9846318 | ||
2.2.4. Intervention program and implementation of Health Qigong | sleep disorders, Yin deficiency | YIN DEFICIENCY | From the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine, the normal sleep-wake pattern is determined by the balance of Yin and Yang. Yin deficiency and Yang excess are the primary causes of sleep disorders. Moreover, the kidney is the source of Yin and is connected directly or indirectly to all body functions. To put it a... | PMC9846318 |
2.3. Procedures | sleep disorders | In the cross-sectional questionnaire study, the PSQI, SF-36, and RIQ were administered in groups. The PSQI score was applied to screen participants with sleep disorders for the longitudinal intervention study, and 60 of them were randomly assigned to the intervention group and the control group. Besides, the questionna... | PMC9846318 | |
2.4. Statistical analysis | PMC9846318 | |||
2.4.1. Data from cross-sectional surveys | To begin, Harman single-factor test was used to check for common method bias because all variables were measured by questionnaires. Secondly, descriptive analysis and Pearson correlation were conducted for the main variables. Subsequently, the PROCESS plug-in is used to test the mediation model employing bias corrected... | PMC9846318 | ||
2.4.2. Data from longitudinal interventions | sleep disorders | A 2 (group: intervention group, control group) ×2 (time: pre-test, post-test) two-factor mixed design analysis of variance was used to compare baseline and post-intervention scores on measures of sleep disorders, quality of life and relapse inclination between the intervention and control groups. Furthermore, correlati... | PMC9846318 | |
3. Results | PMC9846318 | |||
3.1. Results of cross-sectional surveys | PMC9846318 | |||
3.1.1. Common method deviation test | The Harman single factor test was used to examine the common method deviation. All the questionnaire items were included in exploratory factor analysis. The first factor explained 22.51% of the total variance, which was less than the 40% threshold, indicating that there was no common method deviation. | PMC9846318 | ||
4. Discussion | PMC9846318 | |||
4.1. Sleep disorders and relapse | sleep disorders, Sleep disorders | Consistent with previous research, sleep disorders positively predicted relapse inclination in substance users, which supported hypothesis 1. Sleep disorders have been linked to an increase in amphetamine's sensitization ( | PMC9846318 | |
4.2. The mediating role of quality of life | sleep disorders | This study further explored how sleep disorders contributed to relapse inclination and discovered that quality of life might be a mediator of this relationship, supporting hypothesis 2. The first path, wherein sleep disorders were negatively related to quality of life, was in line with previous research. According to t... | PMC9846318 | |
4.3. Intervention effect of Health Qigong | sleep disorders, daytime dysfunction | In stage 2, we proved that Health Qigong intervention targeting sleep disorders could successfully enhance sleep quality, raise quality of life, as well as reduce the likelihood of relapse, thereby confirming hypothesis 3. Health Qigong for 12 weeks has been consistently confirmed to improve various aspects of sleep, i... | PMC9846318 | |
5. Conclusion | sleep disorders | The current study identified sleep disorders is closely related to the relapse of substance users, and quality of life was a potential mediator of this relationship. In addition, a 12-week Health Qigong program designed to treat sleep disorders improves not only sleep quality but also the overall quality of life, which... | PMC9846318 | |
Data availability statement | The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation. | PMC9846318 | ||
Ethics statement | The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by Ethics Committee of the School of Psychology at the Beijing Sport University. The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study. | PMC9846318 | ||
Author contributions | The intervention of Health Qigong was carried out by XW and AL. CS performed data analysis and carried out the bulk of the literature review and manuscript writing. XW and YS played an editorial role when it came to writing up the research study. Material preparation and data collection were performed by all authors. A... | PMC9846318 | ||
Funding | This study was funded by Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Drug Rehabilitation Administration (Grant No. BSU20210330).Thanks to all the participants and volunteers who provided support for this study. | PMC9846318 | ||
Conflict of interest | The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. | PMC9846318 | ||
Publisher's note | All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or ... | PMC9846318 | ||
Supplementary material | The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: Click here for additional data file. | PMC9846318 | ||
References | PMC9846318 | |||
Background | Most people’s tooth brushing performance is deficient, even when they are encouraged to brush to the best of their abilities. The aim of the present study was to explore the nature of this deficit by comparing best-possible vs. as-usual brushing. | PMC10327354 | ||
Methods | PLAQUE | University students (N = 111) were randomly assigned to receive one of two instructions: “brush your teeth as usual” (AU-instruction) or “brush your teeth to the best of your abilities” (BP-instruction). Video analyses assessed brushing performance. The marginal plaque index (MPI) assessed after brushing was used as an... | PMC10327354 | |
Results | PLAQUE | Participants in the BP group brushed their teeth longer (p = 0.008, d = 0.57) and used interdental devices more often (p < 0.001). No group differences emerged in the distribution of brushing time among surfaces, the percentage of brushing techniques used beyond horizontal scrubbing, or the appropriate use of interdent... | PMC10327354 | |
Conclusions | Compared to their usual brushing effort, study participants increased their effort when asked to brush their teeth in the best possible manner. However, that increase in effort was ineffective in terms of oral cleanliness. The results indicate that people’s concept of optimized brushing refers to quantitative aspects (... | PMC10327354 | ||
Trial registration | The study was registered in the appropriate national register ( | PMC10327354 | ||
Supplementary Information | The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-023-03127-3. | PMC10327354 | ||
Keywords (MeSH) | Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. | PMC10327354 | ||
Background | PERIODONTAL DISEASE | Epidemiological studies have shown the prevalence of periodontal disease in Germany and worldwide [In line with the high prevalence of periodontal disease, however, several studies have shown that oral hygiene performance in a wide range of different age groups is inefficient in terms of oral cleanliness. Some studies ... | PMC10327354 | |
Materials and methods | PMC10327354 | |||
Study registration | This randomized controlled study has been registered at the German Clinical Trials Register ( | PMC10327354 | ||
Ethics approval | The study protocol was conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the local ethics committee (date 2019/01/23; No: 254/18) of the Medical Faculty of the University of Giessen. All participants provided informed written consent and were scheduled two different appointments b... | PMC10327354 | ||
Study sample | tooth | EVENTS, RECRUITMENT | Study participants were recruited via an internal mailing list of the Justus-Liebig-University Giessen and via online announcements of a regional newspaper. Inclusion criteria were being a student-resident of Giessen aged at least 18 to a maximum of 35 years as well as the predominant use of a manual toothbrush for at ... | PMC10327354 |
Procedure | tooth | EVENT, DENTAL PLAQUE, PLAQUE | Students interested in study participation were contacted by telephone to provide detailed information about the study, and the inclusion/exclusion criteria were checked. Eligible students were scheduled for two appointments that were two weeks apart. While study participants were asked to brush their teeth at both app... | PMC10327354 |
Independent variable/experimental conditions | BLIND | Participants were randomized to one out of two conditions, differing with respect to the instruction they received prior to tooth brushing. These were either “brush your teeth as thoroughly as you can so that they are completely clean” (arm 1; best of one’s abilities (BP)) or “brush your teeth as usual” “(arm 2; as usu... | PMC10327354 | |
Outcome variables | tooth brushing | DENTAL PLAQUE | According to the three research hypotheses, three groups of outcomes were assessed: behavioral parameters of tooth brushing, objectively assessed dental plaque and subjectively perceived oral cleanliness. | PMC10327354 |
a) Observed tooth brushing performance | tooth brushing, tooth contact, tooth | PLAQUE | Assessment and video analyses of the behavioral parameters were conducted according to the procedures of previous studies (e.g., [Brushing parameters were as follows:
tooth contact time;brushing movements (circular, horizontal, vertical, modified bass technique);location of the brush with respect to surfaces (outer, in... | PMC10327354 |
b) Objectively achieved oral cleanliness – dental plaque | PLAQUE, PLAQUE, DENTAL PLAQUE | An experienced dentist (D3) instructed and calibrated the examining dentists (TS, D2) prior to the study until at least 90% of the scores assessed by both examiners corresponded in five subsequent subjects (not involved in the present study) and the remaining deviated by no more than one. Dental plaque was assessed twi... | PMC10327354 | |
c) Subjectively perceived oral cleanliness | To answer the question of how study participants subjectively assess their tooth brushing efficacy in terms of oral cleanliness, they completed the questionnaire for self-perceived oral cleanliness (SPOC) [ | PMC10327354 | ||
Oral health status | Papillary Bleeding | For clinical description of the study groups, dental status (decayed, missing and filled teeth), the Papillary Bleeding Index (PB [ | PMC10327354 | |
Statistical analyses | Tooth, tooth | SECONDARY | The statistical analyses were carried out with the use of a statistical software package (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 28; IBM, Armonk, New York, USA). Participants showing outlying values (defined as three standard deviations from the mean) in any of the behavioral parameters were excluded from final analy... | PMC10327354 |
Results | One hundred and six participants finished the study (see Fig.
Characteristics of the sample | PMC10327354 | ||
Group differences with respect to objectively achieved oral cleanliness – dental plaque after brushing (research Hypothesis b) | PLAQUE, PLAQUE | Plaque levels after brushing are shown in Fig.
Mean and standard error of the means of plaque assessed after brushing by the Marginal Plaque Index (MPI) overall and with respect to plaque at outer, inner, cervical and proximal sections (left panel); percentage of TQHI scores 3–5 referring to rather coronal aspects of ... | PMC10327354 | |
Group differences with respect to perceived oral cleanliness (research Hypothesis c) | Data from one study participant are missing due to temporary internet failure. Analyses of subjectively perceived oral cleanliness (Fig.
Mean and standard error of the means of the subjectively perceived oral cleanliness overall and with respect to outer and inner surfaces. *p < 0.05 | PMC10327354 | ||
Additional analyses | PMC10327354 | |||
DMFT | Descriptive data of the DMFT show differences between the two groups, with a higher DMFT value in the AU group (Table | PMC10327354 | ||
Interdental hygiene behavior | In total, n = 43 used interdental hygiene devices, with significantly more persons in the BP group than in the AU group (n = 31 vs. n = 12; exact p < 0.001). The majority of them (n = 38) applied dental floss, whereas only two of the AU group and three of the BP group applied interdental brushes. There were no group di... | PMC10327354 | ||
Sensitivity analyses | SENSITIVITY | Exclusion of outlying data led to a shortfall in the target number of evaluable subjects (n = 91 instead of n = 102). Sensitivity analyses revealed that with the current sample size, an effect size of d = 0.52 (instead of d = 0.50) would be detectable with α = 5% and a power of 1-β = 0.80 [ | PMC10327354 | |
Discussion | gingivitis, tooth floss | PERIODONTITIS, GINGIVITIS, PLAQUE |
The instruction to brush to the best of one’s abilities led to an increased effort in the BP group. Their brushing time exceeded that of the AU group by nearly one minute (see Fig.
At this point, the question arises whether the increased effort shown by the BP group in terms of extended brushing time and an increased... | PMC10327354 |
Conclusion | tooth brushing behavior | PLAQUE |
Instruction to brush teeth to the best of one’s ability results in a greater effort compared to brushing as usual. In particular, it leads to changes in the quantitative aspects of brushing (longer duration, more interdental hygiene) but not in the qualitative aspects, such as paying attention to the inner surfaces, c... | PMC10327354 |
Electronic supplementary material | APPENDIX | Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Supplementary Material 1: Appendix | PMC10327354 | |
Acknowledgements | We greatly appreciate the valuable assistance of Dr. Waldemar Petker and Zdenka Eidenhardt in planning and conducting the research and video analysis. | PMC10327354 | ||
Authors’ contributions | Conceived and designed the study: RD, UW, TS, JMS, BW. Data collection: TS. Statistical data analysis: UW. Video analysis: SS, TS. Data interpretation: UW, RD. Writing - original draft preparation: UW, RD, with the contribution of SS. Writing - review and editing: UW, RD. Read, revised, and agreed to be accountable for... | PMC10327354 | ||
Funding | The study was financed by the institutional budget of RD.Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. | PMC10327354 | ||
Data Availability | The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. However, for privacy reasons, no individual data allowing identification of participants (e.g., videos) can be provided. | PMC10327354 | ||
Declarations | PMC10327354 | |||
Ethical approval and consent to participate | All procedures were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was approved by the Ethics Board of the Medical Faculty of the University of Giessen, Germany (N... | PMC10327354 | ||
Consent for publication | Not applicable. | PMC10327354 | ||
Competing interests | All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. | PMC10327354 | ||
References | PMC10327354 | |||
Objectives | To evaluate the clinical performance of self-assembling peptides versus fluoride-based delivery systems in post-orthodontic white spot lesions. | PMC9889428 | ||
Materials and methods | The participants were randomly assigned into two groups ( | PMC9889428 | ||
Results | GROUP B | There was a quantitative statistically significant difference via DIAGNOpen readings between Group A (fluoride material) and Group B (self-assembling peptides). The highest mean value of 10.51 was found in Group A, while the least mean value of 6.45 was found in Group B. Besides, there was a significant difference in e... | PMC9889428 | |
Conclusions | REGRESSION | The visual assessment using ICDAS reveals that the biomimetic remineralization using self-assembling peptides and the fluoride-based varnish material showed a similar effect in masking post-orthodontic white spot lesions. However, the laser fluorescence using DIAGNOpen showed that the self-assembling peptides reveal hi... | PMC9889428 | |
Clinical relevance | Self-assembling peptide SAP-14 is a new approach to reverse and mask off post-orthodontics white spot lesions. | PMC9889428 | ||
Supplementary Information | The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00784-022-04757-7. | PMC9889428 | ||
Keywords | Open access funding provided by The Science, Technology & Innovation Funding Authority (STDF) in cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB). | PMC9889428 | ||
Introduction | White spot lesions, chronic infectious diseases | DEMINERALIZATION, OPACITY, WHITE SPOT LESION, DENTAL CARIES, HYDROXYAPATITE | Dental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic infectious diseases, which remains a major public health concern. Dental caries passes through multi-stages, starting from molecular changes in the apatite crystal to visible white spot lesions, through to dentin involvement, and eventual cavitation. Advancement throug... | PMC9889428 |
Materials and methods | PMC9889428 | |||
Trial registration and ethical approval | The protocol of the current study was registered on clinical trials with a unique identification number (I.D. NCT03930927.). Ethical approval was obtained before the start of the study. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee (CREC), Faculty of Dentistry with an ethical approval number (19754). | PMC9889428 | ||
Sample size calculation | A study was planned to be of a continuous response variable from independent control and experimental subjects to evaluate the remineralization potential of self-assembling peptide P11-4 compared to fluoride vehicle material using laser fluorescence. In a previous study published in 2012 by Du et al. [ | PMC9889428 | ||
Study design | A randomized controlled clinical trial, with two parallel groups designed with a 1:1 allocation ratio. The participants were randomly assigned into two groups (The examination was performed under direct illumination using a dental chair light after drying the teeth with compressed air for 5 s. All the participants were... | PMC9889428 | ||
Eligibility criteria | PMC9889428 | |||
Patients eligible for the study complied with all the following: | carious white spot lesions [ | SYSTEMIC DISEASE, PLAQUE |
The patients’ age range between the age from 18 to 25 years old [Gender: males or females [Good oral hygiene with a plaque index score 0 or 1, good general health, and patient compliance [Active non-cavitated carious white spot lesions [Had completed fixed orthodontic treatment within the past 2 weeks [No systemic dis... | PMC9889428 |
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