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Ethics considered during the study
Study conduction according to Helsinki recommendations, study and consent-form approvals from the local institutional ethical board (P.T.REC/012/003553; Faculty of Physical Therapy; Cairo University), consenting DE participants, and explanation of withdrawal rights to patients were the main ethical considerations of th...
PMC10692261
Subjects
hypertensive
OBESE, DRY EYE
The included elderly (≥ 65 years old) were randomly selected obese hypertensive patients with DE. The elderly who finished the assigned interventions were 60 patients (Fig. Dry eye interventional flow chart
PMC10692261
Randomization protocol
The ED elderly were randomly and equally assigned via a computer-generated random list to the one of intervention-based groups (experimental and control groups). To guarantee the random blinded assignment of DE patients to groups, a physiotherapy practitioner (who did not know the interventions) planned the random list...
PMC10692261
Interventions
PMC10692261
High-intensity interval aerobic exercise
On an electronic bicycle, for an average of 30 min, every HIIAE was conducted. The exercise was initiated with an average 5-min warming-up phase (DE participant performed this phase at 60% of maximal heart rate, abbreviated as MHR). High-intensity interval aerobic bicycling (HIIAB) was allowed after the warm-up ended f...
PMC10692261
Protocol of MD
The MD protocol of this study was based on the recommendations of Bedard et al. [As a result of the above-designed MD protocol, the meal plan consisted of around 50% carbohydrates (the main source for carbohydrates was legumes, vegetables, fruits, and whole-product grains), 35% fats (the main source for fats was health...
PMC10692261
Prerequisite assessment (cardiopulmonary exercise test)
fatigue
This test was conducted one time only (before the conduction of the first HIIAB session in both study DE groups on an ergometer cycle). In order to make the patients adapt to the test steps during the test’s beginning, unloaded cycling was maintained for 3 min. To incorporate the patients in warming up, the cycling was...
PMC10692261
Pre and post-assessments
PMC10692261
Blood pressure and anthropometry
Diastolic blood pressure (DBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) were measured in all DE patients.
PMC10692261
DE scoring system (DESS)
blurred vision, fatigue, abnormal excessive blinking, gritty/sandy sensation, ocular itching/burning
To assess the symptoms related to DE, this questionnaire was used. DESS asked about the presence of 6 items: eye fatigue, ocular itching/burning, local redness, gritty/sandy sensation, blurred vision, and abnormal excessive blinking. Every item is represented with an answer of zero (absent), one (sometimes), two (frequ...
PMC10692261
Ocular surface disability index (OSDI questionnaire)
dry eye, ocular impairment, ’ environmental-activated ocular symptoms
DRY EYE
It is a valid surOcular surface disability index (OSDI questionnaire)vey that rates the severity of DE patients’ environmental-activated ocular symptoms and complaints in the previous week. The survey consists of 12 items, each of which is evaluated on a scale of 0 to 4, with 0 being an indicator of none of the time an...
PMC10692261
Schirmer’s test
This test was done to assess the speed of tear production. After 2 min of using topical anesthetic eye drops (0.4% benoxinate hydrochloride; Benox; Eipico, made in Egypt), the test was initiated. The test was conducted by the placement of Whatman’s no. 41 filter paper strips (5-mm width × 35-mm length) in the inferior ...
PMC10692261
Tear film break-up time (TBUT) testing
CONJUNCTIVA, CORNEA
It was done to assess tear film stability (i.e., time needed for tears to be evaporated and diffused after natural blinking). Briefly, sodium fluorescein (1% eye drops; Minims Fluorescein sodium; Baush + Lomb, Kingston-upon-Thames, England) was dropped into the conjunctiva sac. The participants were ordered to blink 3–...
PMC10692261
Oxford grading system
cornea damage
CONJUNCTIVA
In DE sufferers, the Oxford grading system (OGS) was created to determine the extent of epithelial surface damage of conjunctiva and cornea damage. To initiate OGS, instilling a 10-µl fluorescein sodium in the superior conjunctiva was required. The OGS method employs a chart comprised of a sequence of panels (figures) ...
PMC10692261
Sample size calculation
The number of DE patients was calculated by the popular estimating sample size program; G*power. This calculation was postulated in a conducted pilot study by the manuscript’s authors on 10 DE patients. The result for this calculation marked the sample size = 54 DE patients considering Schirmer’s test was the primary o...
PMC10692261
Statistical analysis
Shapiro-Wilk test was used for investigating the normality of age, blood pressure anthropometry variables (height, weight, BMI, and abdominal circumference), duration of DE symptoms, and DE variables (DESS, OSDI questionnaire, TBUT, and Schirmer’s test). All previously mentioned variables were normally distributed, so ...
PMC10692261
Discussion
obesity, tumor necrosis, inflammation, hypertensive, metabolic syndrome, weight loss, dryness
OBESITY, OBESE, TUMOR NECROSIS, INFLAMMATION, DYSFUNCTION, SYSTEMIC HYPERTENSION, INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS, METABOLIC SYNDROME
This study proved that exercise (HIIAB) can significantly relieve DE symptoms. DE relief can be also maximized by the additional effect of MD in obese hypertensive elderly with DE. The mechanism that explains the effect of MD or exercises on DE is not fully sufficient in the literature.The popularity of MD in improving...
PMC10692261
Limitations
The authors of this paper did not track results beyond the only measurement they did after the end of the six months of treatment, and therefore it is required to examine this part in the future.Future studies are requested to examine DE’s response to MD versus other weight-loss diets, HIIAB versus moderate-intensity e...
PMC10692261
Acknowledgements
DRY EYE
The authors acknowledged responsibility for the whole content of this dry eye manuscript.
PMC10692261
Author contribution
hypertensive
DRY EYE, OBESE
The authors of this dry eye research developed the idea of performing aerobic exercise and nutritional counseling in the obese hypertensive patients, collected raw data of dry eye parameters, and wrote the scientific background of the presented dry eye paper.
PMC10692261
Funding
Open access funding provided by The Science, Technology & Innovation Funding Authority (STDF) in cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
PMC10692261
Availability of data and material
DRY EYE
The data of this dry eye paper will be available on request.
PMC10692261
Declarations
PMC10692261
Ethics approval
dry-eye
Ethical/institutional approval (given Cairo-University local approval identifier P.T.REC/012/003553) was applied to this dry-eye study.
PMC10692261
Consent to participate
DRY EYE
All patients with dry eye were consented.
PMC10692261
Informed consent
DRY EYE
Elderly with dry eye were consented using the by-Cairo-university approved informed consent (P.T.REC/012/003553).
PMC10692261
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
PMC10692261
Competing interests
The authors declare competing interests.
PMC10692261
References
PMC10692261
Background
sexual dysfunction, disorder of the thyroid gland, Hypothyroidism
HYPOTHYROIDISM
Hypothyroidism is the most common clinical disorder of the thyroid gland which is associated with an increased prevalence of sexual dysfunction even if treated with medication.
PMC10204666
Objective
HYPOTHYROIDISM
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on sexual function in reproductive-aged women with hypothyroidism.
PMC10204666
Materials and methods
hypothyroidism
HYPOTHYROIDISM
This randomized clinical trial was performed on 66 reproductive-aged women with hypothyroidism referring to selected health centers in Izeh, Iran. Data collection tools included demographic information form and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Eligible individuals were randomly assigned to case (n = 33) and control...
PMC10204666
Results
Before of treatment, there was no significant difference between the mean score of sexual function and its dimensions between the case and control groups (p < 0.05). However, immediately and 4 weeks after completion of treatment, the mean total score of sexual function and its dimensions in the case group increased sig...
PMC10204666
Conclusion
sexual dysfunction
HYPOTHYROIDISM
According to the results of this study, CBT can be effective in improving sexual dysfunction in reproductive-aged women with hypothyroidism. However, before recommending this therapy to women suffering from hypothyroidism, more detailed studies are needed to prove the effectiveness of this intervention, as an adjuvant ...
PMC10204666
Keywords
PMC10204666
Introduction
bradycardia, Sexual dysfunction, hoarseness, anxiety, dyspareunia, chronic diseases face similar challenges, chronic diseases, constipation, sexual disorders, weight gain, disorders of desire, sexual dysfunction, psychiatric, ’s behaviors, Nezamnia, in sexual desire, hypothyroidism
DISORDER, BROWN, DYSPAREUNIA, THYROID, DISEASE, CHRONIC ILLNESS, CHRONIC DISEASES, DISORDERS, SEXUAL PROBLEM, HYPOTHYROIDISM, HYPOTHYROIDISM
Thyroid is an active hormone gland that forms part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis [With a prevalence of 2 − 10% in different communities [In addition to physical problems such as weight gain, constipation, dry skin, bradycardia, hoarseness, slowed mental processing, and sexual disorders [This disease also i...
PMC10204666
Materials and methods
PMC10204666
Study design and participants
hypothyroidism
HYPOTHYROIDISM
The present study was a randomized controlled clinical trial performed on 66 reproductive-aged women with hypothyroidism referring to selected health centers (Health Center No. 1, Comprehensive Medical Services Center No. 4) in Izeh, Iran. This research was approved by the Ethics Committee of Ahvaz Jundishapur Universi...
PMC10204666
Inclusion and exclusion criteria
hypothyroidism
HYPOTHYROIDISM
Inclusion criteria: women who were literate, aged between 18 and 45 years, and diagnosed with clinical hypothyroidism by an internal medicine specialist based on TSH levels were eligible to participate in this study. It should be noted that subclinical patients were not included in this study.Exclusion criteria: women ...
PMC10204666
Sample size calculation
Based on a study by Atis et al. [
PMC10204666
Sampling
hypothyroidism
HYPOTHYROIDISM
Sampling started after receiving the code of ethics by the Ethics Committee of Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in Ahvaz and registering the study in the Clinical Trials Center of Iran. The researcher attended in selected health centers in the Iranian city of Izeh. The women referred to these centers were sel...
PMC10204666
Randomization
In this study, participants were randomly assigned into the case (n = 33) and control (n = 33) groups based on block randomization with the block size of 4 and allocation ratio of 1:1 using random sequence generation software.In order to conceal random allocation, sequentially numbered, sealed opaque envelopes were use...
PMC10204666
Intervention
thyroid disorders, sexual dysfunction
THYROID DISORDERS, SESSION, DISEASE, THYROID DISORDER
In addition to standard pharmacotherapy, participants in the case group (n = 33) received CBT in 8 sessions, while the control group received only standard pharmacotherapy. After coordination with eligible individuals, treatment sessions were held regularly on a specific day, once a week, for the case group, each sessi...
PMC10204666
Data collection tools
In this study, data were collected using a demographic information form and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI).The demographic information form included age, duration of illness, body mass index (BMI), level of education, and occupation.The Female Sexual Performance Index (FSFI) was developed by Rosen et al. in 2000 [...
PMC10204666
Outcome assessment
Immediately and 4 weeks after completion of cognitive-behavioral therapy program, the demographic questionnaire and FSFI were completed once again by both case and control groups.
PMC10204666
Statistical analysis
The normal distribution of the data was measured using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentage), independent t-test, chi-square test and repeated measures ANOVA test by SPSS statistical software version 23. P less...
PMC10204666
Results
hypothyroidism, Pain
HYPOTHYROIDISM
In this study, 66 reproductive-aged women with hypothyroidism were recruited and divided into intervention (n = 33) and control (n = 33) groups. (Fig.  Flowchart of the progress through the phases of the trialBefore the treatment, the difference between the case and control groups in terms of the mean of Age (year), Bo...
PMC10204666
Discussion
thyroid disorders, illness behaviors, anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, vaginismus, Amiri, chronic diseases, pain, sexual dysfunction, psychiatric, chronic physical illness, hypothyroidism, sexual desire, diabetes
THYROID DISORDERS, DISORDER, CHRONIC ILLNESSES, VAGINISMUS, CHRONIC DISEASES, DISORDERS, MALE SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION, HYPOTHYROIDISM, DIABETES
The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of CBT on sexual function in women with hypothyroidism. According to the findings, CBT improved the six dimensions of female sexual function including desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain, as well as the total sexual function score in wome...
PMC10204666
Acknowledgements
This article was extracted from the master’s thesis of Azam Sheikh Miri, an M.Sc student of midwifery at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (Ref. ID: IR.AJUMS.REC.1398.387). This study was also registered in the Iranian registry for clinical trials (Ref. ID: IRCT20200706048030N1). The authors would like t...
PMC10204666
Authors’ contribution
Authors’ contributions: AS: responsible for design, data collection and writing the manuscript in Persian. MI: responsible for design, data interpretation and writing the manuscript in English. HB: involved in design and interpretation of data. ML: responsible for data analysis and interpretation. All authors reviewed ...
PMC10204666
Funding
This article was extracted from a MSc. Thesis written in the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (AJUMS), Ahvaz, Iran, and sponsored by the Deputy of Research of AJUMS, Ahvaz, Iran. This deputy has no role in design of the study, collection, analysis, and interpretation of ...
PMC10204666
Data Availability
The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current research are not publicly available as individual privacy could be compromised but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
PMC10204666
Declarations
PMC10204666
Ethics approval and consent to participate
This paper has been adapted from a MSc. thesis written by Miss Azam Sheikh Miri, recorded in Iranian clinical trial registration center with the code of IRCT20200706048030N1 and approved by Ethics Committee of Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences (Ref. No.: IR.AJUMS.REC.1398.387 ). All methods were performed in accorda...
PMC10204666
Consent for publication
Not applicable
PMC10204666
Competing interests
No conflict of interest has been declared by the authors.
PMC10204666
Abbreviations
Cognitive-behavioral therapyThyroid-stimulating hormoneSubclinical hypothyroidismFemale sexual function IndexBody mass index
PMC10204666
References
PMC10204666
Methods
CIN
SECONDARY, CIN
This was a prospective randomized controlled study including patients on chronic atorvastatin therapy. We randomly assigned the population to the Atorvastatin Reloading group (AR group), by reloading patients with 80 mg of atorvastatin one day before and three days after the coronary procedure, and the Non-Reloading gr...
PMC10166561
Results
CIN, type 2 diabetes
TYPE 2 DIABETES, CIN
Our population was assigned to the AR group (n = 56 patients) and NR group (n = 54 patients). The baseline characteristics of the 2 groups were similar. Serum creatinine (SCr)-based CIN occurred in 11.1% in the NR group, and in 8.9% in the AR group without any significant difference. Cys-based CIN occurred in 37% in th...
PMC10166561
Conclusions
CIN, diabetic type 2
CIN
Our study did not find a benefit of systematic atorvastatin reloading in patients on chronic atorvastatin therapy in preventing CIN. However, it suggested that this strategy could reduce the risk of CyC-based CIN in diabetic type 2 patients.
PMC10166561
Data Availability
All relevant data are within the manuscript and its
PMC10166561
Introduction
CIN
CONTRAST-INDUCED NEPHROPATHY, COMPLICATION, CIN
Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a common complication occurring in 5 to 11% of angiographic procedures [
PMC10166561
Methods
PMC10166561
Study population
cardiogenic shock, CM, acute coronary syndrome, fever
CARDIOGENIC SHOCK, LIVER DAMAGE, CARDIAC INSUFFICIENCY, INFECTIOUS DISEASE, ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME, MALIGNANT TUMOR, ALLERGY TO CONTRAST MEDIA
This was an interventional prospective, randomized, single-blind, controlled trial, implemented in all consecutive patients (older than 18 years), undergoing coronary angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention in our department between June 2020 and September 2020 and who had already been receiving atorvastatin ...
PMC10166561
Study protocol
CKD, dyspnea, nephrotoxic, CRF, CM
CRF
We randomly assigned all patients to either the Atorvastatin Reloading group (AR group) or the Non-Reloading group (NR group) according to a computer-generated random series of numbers. The randomization occurs one day before the coronary procedure. Patients in the AR group received oral atorvastatin 80 mg daily one da...
PMC10166561
Laboratory parameters
BLOOD
Blood samples were collected to measure the baseline values of Serum Creatinin (SCr), Cystatin C (Cys), inflammatory factors (high sensitive C-reactive protein [hsCRP]), and pro-BNP on admission, and of course, before the loading dose administration. The post-procedural levels of Cys were measured 24 hours after the co...
PMC10166561
Study end-points and definitions
CIN, acute kidney injury
SECONDARY, CIN
The primary endpoints were the incidence of Cys-based CIN defined as an increase in serum CyC concentration by 10% above the baseline value 24 hours after contrast media administration [The secondary end-point was to detect any acute kidney injury by a significant rise in cystatin C level between baseline and 24 hours ...
PMC10166561
Statistical analysis
CIN
EVENT, CIN
Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS software version 23 (SPSS Inc., Chicago. Illinois, the USA). We expressed categorical variables as percentages, and continuous variables as mean values (±standard deviation [SD]) when the distribution was normal or medians with semi-interquartile ranges (SIQR) when it wa...
PMC10166561
Results
Four hundred forty-eight patients underwent coronary procedures during the study period. According to inclusion criteria, 120 patients were randomly assigned to the Atorvastatin Reload group (AR group, n = 60) and the Non-reloading group (NR group, n = 60) (
PMC10166561
Trial flowchart.
CKD, diabetes
CORONARY DISEASE, HYPERTENSION, DYSLIPIDEMIA, DIABETES
Our population was at high cardiovascular risk, 58.2% of patients were smokers, 60.9% had hypertension, 51.8% had diabetes, 81% had dyslipidemia, 7.3% had moderate CKD, and 34.5% had a history of coronary disease. Sixty-six percent of our patients had at least three cardiovascular risk factors. All patients had been re...
PMC10166561
Baseline clinical characteristics in our population.
CM
ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme, CM: Contrast Media, Cv: cardiovascular, LVEF: Left Ventricle Ejection Fraction, NYHA: New York heart association, PCI: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, SD: Standard deviation, SIQR: semi-interquartile range, UD: urine dipstick
PMC10166561
Baseline clinical laboratory tests in our population.
CIN
BRAIN, CIN
Data are expressed as median (SIQR: semi-interquartile range).ALAT: alanine aminotransferase ASAT: aspartate aminotransferase, CK: creatine kinase levels, LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase, LDL: Low-density cholesterol, eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate;, hsCRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; intervention, ProB...
PMC10166561
Comparison of contrast induced nephropathy between groups.
CIN, nephropathy
CONTRAST-INDUCED NEPHROPATHY, RENAL FAILURE, CIN, NEPHROPATHY, HEART FAILURE, TYPE 2 DIABETES
AR group: patients who received a reloading dose of 80 mg atorvastatin, Cys-CIN: Contrast-induced nephropathy based on cystatin C levels, NR group: patients who did not receive a reloading dose, Scr-CIN: contrast induced nephropathy based on Serum creatinine levels.The analysis of subgroups who are known as a high-risk...
PMC10166561
Comparison of contrast induced nephropathy between the two groups in diabetes 2 patients (n = 55).
CIN, diabetic, nephropathy
CONTRAST-INDUCED NEPHROPATHY, NEPHROPATHY, CIN
AR group: patients who received a reloading dose of 80 mg atorvastatin, Cys-CIN: Contrast-induced nephropathy based on cystatin C levels, NR group: patients who did not receive a reloading dose, Scr-CIN: contrast induced nephropathy based on Serum creatinine levels.Paradoxically, SCr-based CIN was similar between the A...
PMC10166561
Comparison of changes in renal biomarkers between the AR and the NR groups.
BRAIN
All Variables are expressed by median (semi-interquartile range).Δ: difference between the follow-up level and the baseline levelAR group: Atorvastatin reloading group, Cys: cystatin C; hsCRP, C-reactive protein; Cys-GFR, glomerular filtration calculated using cystatin level; NR group: Non-reloading group, SIQR: semi-i...
PMC10166561
Discussion
CKD, toxicity, medullary hypoxia, nephrotoxic, diabetic type 2, CM, acute coronary syndrome, diabetic, CI-AKI, CIN, diabetes
INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES, CONTRAST-INDUCED ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY, COMPLICATION, CIN, ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME, OXIDATIVE STRESS, DIABETES
Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is a common complication of CM intravascular injection; the physiopathology is complex and not well-understood. Our randomized trial aimed to assess the impact of a reloading dose with 80 mg of atorvastatin on CIN incidence in patients who underwent coronary invasive proced...
PMC10166561
Study limitations
CIN
CIN
The present study had some limitations. Firstly, it was a single-center, single-blinded study. Only the patients were aware of the inclusion group because we didn’t use a placebo for patients in the NR group. Nevertheless, the two doctors who performed the coronary intervention and ensured the follow-up were blinded to...
PMC10166561
Conclusions
CI-AKI, CIN, diabetic
DIABETES TYPE 2, CIN
Our study was the first randomized trial in the literature that assessed the beneficial effect of 80 mg atorvastatin reloading on CI-AKI in patients pre-treated with this drug at a lower dose. Our population was at high risk with a high prevalence of cardiovascular factors. We did not find a beneficial effect on the ov...
PMC10166561
Supporting information
PMC10166561
CONSORT checklist.
(DOC)Click here for additional data file.
PMC10166561
Ethic agreement.
(PDF)Click here for additional data file.
PMC10166561
Study design.
(DOCX)Click here for additional data file.
PMC10166561
Pan-african-trial registry- registration.
(PDF)Click here for additional data file.
PMC10166561
Protocol of the study.
(DOCX)Click here for additional data file.
PMC10166561
COREQ (COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research) checklist.
(PDF)Click here for additional data file.(XLSX)Click here for additional data file.
PMC10166561
References
PMC10166561
Subject terms
Dried blood spot (DBS) sample collection has been suggested as a less invasive, cheaper and more convenient alternative to venepuncture, which requires trained personnel, making it a potentially viable approach for self-collection of blood on a large scale. We examine whether participants in a longitudinal survey were ...
PMC10415328
Introduction
DBS and venous blood sample, death, Cardiovascular disease
DISEASE, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. In the UK, cardiovascular disease is patterned by several social and environment factorsStandard protocols for blood sample collection require face-to-face contact. Most commonly, collection of bio-specimens for research takes place in a clinic and/or the ...
PMC10415328
Methods
This paper uses data collected in the
PMC10415328
Sample processing
RECRUITMENT
In IP12Flowchart showing IP12 recruitment and consent to provide blood samples.After reception at MRC Epidemiology Unit, venous blood samples for glycated haemoglobin were refrigerated until analysis. The remaining venous blood samples were centrifuged, and aliquots of plasma and serum were stored at − 70 °C until anal...
PMC10415328
Analytes
Total cholesterol, triglycerides and CRP from serum and DBS and glycated haemoglobin from whole blood or serum and DBS were measured using a Siemens Dimension Xpand clinical chemistry analyser (Siemens Healthcare Ltd, Camberley, Surrey, UK). Method details including extraction from DBS, as well as reagents, control qua...
PMC10415328
Covariates
For both venous and DBS results, the time a sample was kept at room temperature was calculated as the time between sample collection by the nurse/participant and receipt at MRC Epidemiology Unit. All venous blood samples were processed before COVID-19 related laboratory closure. A variable was included to describe whet...
PMC10415328
Statistics
HbA1c diabetes, diabetes
REGRESSION, DIABETES, CVD
Descriptive statistics were used to compare response rates to the overall survey, consent rates for providing each type of blood sample and the provision of ‘good’ quality DBS samples by mode of interview. The population characteristics of participants who gave consent to give a venous blood sample, consent to a DBS bl...
PMC10415328
Ethics approval
The University of Essex Ethics Committee has approved all data collection on
PMC10415328
Results
Following contact, a number of participants failed to participate in the study. Reasons for failure to participate are shown in Supplementary Material
PMC10415328
Characteristics of participants who gave a full interview, consented to venous or DBS samples and provided a good DBS sample by mode of interview
In actual or realised mode, consent rates for biological sample collection were higher in the nurse mode (74%) than in those invited for self-collection (35%). Participants reported they were likely to take part again (likelihood of participating again score from 1 to 10: 8.8 ± 1.7) irrespective of whether they were se...
PMC10415328
Characteristics of DBS and venous samples by mode of sample collection
A higher proportion of nurse collected DBS samples were rated good quality compared with self-collected DBS, 80% vs. 47% (DBS and venous characteristics by final mode of interview limited to those whose DBS samples was analysed.
PMC10415328
DBS to venous measurement and equivalency
REGRESSION
In the venous and DBS samples where both samples yielded a measurement, for total cholesterol, CRP, triglycerides and HbA1c, there was a significant relationship between venous and DBS measures (For total cholesterol, CRP, triglycerides and HbA1c the following DBS-to-venous (serum or whole blood) equivalency equations ...
PMC10415328
Agreement between venous and DBS measures
Bland–Altman plots were used to assess agreement between venous-equivalent DBS compared to venous measures (Supplementary Materials
PMC10415328