title
stringlengths
1
1.19k
keywords
stringlengths
0
668
concept
stringlengths
0
909
paragraph
stringlengths
0
61.8k
PMID
stringlengths
10
11
Intervention
chronic pain, pain
CHRONIC PAIN
A novel application of VR for chronic pain management (Reducept) was used with an Oculus Go (Facebook Technologies, LLC) head-mounted display. This therapeutic application, still investigational, was designed in cocreation with patients, psychologists, educationalists, and software developers. It is based on the biopsy...
PMC10205123
Study Procedures
pain
ADVERSE EVENTS
The treating physician (J.W.K.; anaesthesiologist and pain physician) identified eligible patients, provided verbal and written information, and subsequently obtained written informed consent. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to the VR or control group using computer-generated block randomization. Randomization wa...
PMC10205123
Outcome Measures
CHRONIC PAIN
Outcome measures were chosen according to the core outcome measures for chronic pain as recommended in the IMMPACT guidelines.
PMC10205123
Primary Outcome
The primary outcome was quality of life measured by the short form-12 (SF-12) at 4 weeks.
PMC10205123
Secondary Outcomes
Pain, pain
Secondary outcomes were SF-12 at 4 months, daily pain scores and analgesics use, and the questionnaires at 4 weeks and 4 months as described. Another outcome was feasibility in terms of acceptability, usability, and tolerability.Pain scores comprised pain scores (0 to 100 mm) on “worst pain experienced today” and “leas...
PMC10205123
Feasibility
ADVERSE EVENT
Discontinuation of VR was registered as an acceptability outcome, together with reasons for withdrawal. Adherence was monitored through weekly telephone interviews. Adverse events were registered as a tolerability outcome through open-ended questions during the weekly telephone calls.
PMC10205123
Statistical Analyses
Pain
ADVERSE EVENTS, SECONDARY
All analyses were done using IBM SPSS Statistics 25. Outcomes were analyzed following the intention-to-treat principle. Descriptive statistics were used for presenting baseline data, adverse events, and feasibility outcomes.For primary efficacy analyses, linear mixed models were used to analyze the effectiveness of the...
PMC10205123
RESULTS
pain
SECONDARY
A total of 207 patients were assessed for eligibility and 41 patients were included between January 2020 and January 2021 (Fig. Study flowchart. TENS indicates transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.Patient CharacteristicsISCED 0-1: early childhood to primary education.ISCED 2: lower secondary.ISCED 3-4: upper sec...
PMC10205123
Primary Outcome
Physical and mental scores of the SF-12 are shown in Figure SF-12 physical (A) and mental (B) scores, mean and SD. SF-12 indicates short form-12.EMMs (95% CIs) of SF-12 Physical and SF-12 Mental at 4 Weeks and 4 MonthsEMM indicates estimated marginal mean; SF-12, short form-12; VR, virtual reality.No significant main t...
PMC10205123
Secondary Outcomes
pain
A significant main treatment effect of VR was seen on the daily worst experienced pain score (Mean and standard error of the mean of daily worst VAS pain score (A) and daily least VAS pain score (B) during the intervention period. In the intervention group, data were missing for 1 patient from day 8, for 1 patient from...
PMC10205123
Feasibility
dizziness
ADVERSE EVENTS
Three out of 20 (15%) patients in the VR group reported mild and temporary symptoms of dizziness. No patients discontinued the intervention because of adverse events. During the weekly telephone calls, 1 patient reported not being motivated to adhere to the study protocol, 3 patients reported to have missed 2 out of 7 ...
PMC10205123
DISCUSSION
PMC10205123
Main Findings
opioid dependence, low back pain, anxiety, chronic pain, pain, depression, disability, coronavirus disease 2019
CHRONIC PAIN, COMPLEX REGIONAL PAIN SYNDROME, CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019, COMPLICATIONS
We did not find an effect of 4 weeks of VR behavioral therapy-based pain management and education intervention on the physical and mental function of patients with nonspecific CLBP referred to a pain clinic. VR seemed to positively affect daily worst and least experienced pain. Opioid use in the VR group was halved. VR...
PMC10205123
Strengths and Limitations
chronic pain, pain
CHRONIC PAIN
This study has several strengths and limitations. This practice-based study was conducted in accordance with the IMMPACT guidelines, which are strongly recommended for chronic pain research.When compared with standard CBT, the total amount of VR treatment of <5 hours in 4 weeks is rather low. Behavioral therapy is give...
PMC10205123
Clinical Implications and Recommendations
chronic pain, pain
CHRONIC PAIN, MINOR, ADVERSE EFFECTS
A CBT-based VR intervention might offer a valuable contribution to the multidisciplinary biopsychosocial treatment of CLBP and possibly other chronic pain conditions. This study illustrates that VR pain treatment can be brought close to the patient’s personal environment allowing them to access the treatment at a time ...
PMC10205123
CONCLUSION
pain
We conclude that 4 weeks of a novel self-administered behavioral therapy-based VR program for CLBP does not seem to improve quality of life, but is well tolerated and may positively affect daily pain experience.
PMC10205123
Supplementary Material
PMC10205123
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors thank Petra Koopmans, PhD, Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Health Evidence, Section Biostatistics, biostatistician, for her support and review of the statistical analyses.The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04042090).This work was supported by the European Regional Developmen...
PMC10205123
REFERENCES
PMC10205123
Keywords
HEART
Spinal anesthesia induces sympatholysis and is usually combined with dexmedetomidine or propofol which induce different hemodynamic changes. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect on autonomic nervous system between dexmedetomidine and propofol combined with spinal anesthesia. Patients aged 20–65 undergoin...
PMC10651711
Introduction
bradycardia, hypotension
Spinal anesthesia causes iatrogenic central sympatholysis by blocking the pre-ganglionic sympathetic fibers and cardiac sympathetic innervation. This iatrogenic sympathetic blockage causes hypotension and bradycardia, which occasionally require clinical intervention [In clinical practice, spinal anesthesia is usually c...
PMC10651711
Materials and methods
This study was approved by the Ajou Institutional Review Board on October 29, 2019 (AJIRB-MED-INT-19-350) and the Clinical Trial registration was done prior to the enrollment of the first patient (
PMC10651711
Measurement of HRV
STARE, PHYSICAL STRESS
HRV was measured using an SA-3000P (Medicore Co., Ltd. Hanam, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea). Baseline HRV was measured on the morning of the day before surgery in a quiet room in the ward. The patient rested for 5 min before the measurement, and electrocardiogram (EKG) leads were applied. During the measurement, conversation was...
PMC10651711
Anesthesia
bradycardia, hypotension
Patients entered the operating room with no premedication. Standard monitoring of pulse oximetry, EKG, noninvasive blood pressure (BP), and bispectral index (BIS, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) was performed. After measuring baseline hemodynamics, 5 L/min of oxygen was administered using a facial mask. The patient wa...
PMC10651711
Statistical analysis
All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (version 26.0; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). For continuous data, normality was assessed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, and the independent
PMC10651711
Results
PMC10651711
Demography
Sixty patients completed the study (Fig.  Flow diagram Patient characteristics and intraoperative dataValues are mean ± standard deviation and number (%)D group, dexmedetomidine group; P group, propofol group
PMC10651711
High baseline LF/HF ratio vs. low baseline LF/HF ratio
hypotension
A previous study reported that an preoperative LF/HF ratio > 2.3 was correlated with post-spinal anesthesia hypotension [
PMC10651711
All patients
Of the 59 patients, 45 were in the low LF/HF ratio group and 14 were in the high LF/HF ratio group. Vasoactive drugs were required in 10 patients (22.2%) in the low LF/HF ratio group and in five patients (35.7%) in the high LF/HF ratio group, and it was not statistically significant (P = 0.483). The hemodynamic data sh...
PMC10651711
Dexmedetomidine group
Of the patients in the dexmedetomidine group, six were in the high LF/HF ratio group and 24 were in the low LF/HF group. Vasoactive drugs were required in two patients (33.3%) in the high LF/HF ratio group and in six patients (25.0%) in the low LF/HF ratio group. However, this difference was not statistically significa...
PMC10651711
Propofol group
Of the patients in the propofol group, eight were assigned to the high LF/HF ratio group and 21 to the low LF/HF ratio group. Vasoactive drugs were required in three patients (37.5%) in the high LF/HF ratio group and in four patients (19.0%) in the low LF/HF ratio group. Although the difference was not statistically si...
PMC10651711
Discussion
Bradycardia, bradycardia, iatrogenic sympathetic block, hypotension, hypotensive
HYPOTENSIVE
This randomized controlled trial showed that HRV dynamics changed through spinal anesthesia and sedation, however, dexmedetomidine and propofol exhibited similar trends in HRV dynamics. Although dexmedetomidine and propofol did not result any significant difference in the HRV dynamic, the difference in hemodynamic chan...
PMC10651711
Authors’ contributions
IKY conceptualized the study. HBJ, YJC, and SHS performed data curation. HBJ, YJC, and IKY investigated references. YJC devised the research methodology. SHS performed visualization of the results. HBJ wrote original draft and IKY reviewed and edited. All authors reviewed the manuscript.
PMC10651711
Funding
None.
PMC10651711
Declarations
PMC10651711
Ethics approval and consent to participate
This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ajou Institutional Review Board on October 29, 2019 (AJIRB-MED-INT-19-350).
PMC10651711
Informed consent
Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
PMC10651711
Competing interests
The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
PMC10651711
References
PMC10651711
Keywords
Acne vulgaris
ACNE VULGARIS
Acne vulgaris is challenging to treat for several individuals. Laser therapy may be a desirable alternative to traditional therapies with limited success. This study aimed to assess efficacy of fractional COOpen access funding provided by The Science, Technology & Innovation Funding Authority (STDF) in cooperation with...
PMC10435603
Introduction
Acne vulgaris, acne
SCARRING, ACNE VULGARIS, ACNE, ACNE VULGARIS
Acne vulgaris is one of the main reasons for dermatological consultation with substantial physical and psychosocial burden [Numerous laser devices were proven successful in acne therapy, as they provide an efficient treatment of acne with a short recovery period and fewer drawbacks, notably the Nd:YAG laser, which has ...
PMC10435603
Material and methods
nodulocystic acne, hypertrophic scars, keloids, malignancy, infection, comedonal acne, acne, Acne, dermatitis
SYSTEMIC DISEASE, NODULOCYSTIC ACNE, HERPES INFECTION, INFECTION, ACNE, ACNE, DERMATITIS, PHOTOSENSITIVITY
This prospective randomized split-face comparative study was conducted with 30 patients with acne vulgaris. Patients were selected from the attendants of the Dermatology Outpatient Clinic of Al Zahraa University Hospital, Cairo, Egypt.The study was performed over a period from July 2021 to September 2022. The study was...
PMC10435603
Treatment sessions
INFLAMMATION
Each patient received four laser treatment sessions at 14 days of interval: Nd:YAG laser on half of the face and fractional COBefore the session, the face was washed with water, and an anesthetic cream (Pridocaine cream®; lidocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5%) was left for 40 min. After removing it, skin was cleansed with...
PMC10435603
Efficacy assessments
Erythema, hyperpigmentation, Acne lesions, Pain, hypopigmentation, erythema, pain, acne lesions, acne, Acne
ERYTHEMA, SCAR, HYPERPIGMENTATION, HYPOPIGMENTATION, ERYTHEMA, ADVERSE EFFECTS, ACNE, ACNE, SCARRING
Primary assessment was done by count of acne lesions at 1 month after the last session [Secondary assessment was performed through severity grading by the Global Acne Severity Scale (GEA Scale), acne lesions improvement percentage, and patient’s satisfaction [Clinical images were taken by an iPhone 6 s Plus (12 mega pi...
PMC10435603
Statistical analysis
Data were managed through the Statistical Package for Social Science (IBM SPSS) version 23. The comparison between two modalities of treatment with qualitative data was done by using Chi-square test. The comparison between two modalities of treatment with quantitative data and non-parametric distribution was created by...
PMC10435603
Discussion
sebaceous gland damage, tumor necrosis, shock, edema, erythema, acne scars, comedonal lesions, acne, comedonal acne lesion, AV lesions
ADVERSE EFFECTS, TUMOR NECROSIS, SHOCK, EDEMA, ERYTHEMA, ACNE, HEAT
Efficacy of Nd:YAG laser to treat acne has been established in multiple studies [The current study demonstrated improvement of AV lesions by both Nd:YAG laser and fractional COOn Nd:YAG side, inflammatory and comedonal acne lesion numbers decreased by 81.41% and 61.70%, respectively, from baseline to a month after the ...
PMC10435603
Conclusion
acne
ACNE
Fractional CO2 and Nd:YAG 1064-nm lasers are safe, tolerable, and highly effective therapeutic options for acne. However, fractional CO2 laser had a higher percent of improvement and patient’s satisfaction compared with long pulsed Nd:YAG. To our knowledge, this seems to be the first comparison between fractional CO2 l...
PMC10435603
Limitations
The small number of participants (
PMC10435603
Acknowledgements
This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
PMC10435603
Author contribution
Mervat Hamdino: contributed to the design and conception, and performed the procedures and revision of the manuscript.Tasneem Muhammad Hammoda: contributed in acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data, and drafting of the manuscript.Naglaa Abdallah Ahmed: contributed to the conception and revision of the...
PMC10435603
Funding
Open access funding provided by The Science, Technology & Innovation Funding Authority (STDF) in cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
PMC10435603
Data Availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
PMC10435603
Declarations
PMC10435603
Ethical approval
All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt with approval code (2021...
PMC10435603
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
PMC10435603
Informed consent
All study participants provided written informed consent to the study.
PMC10435603
References
PMC10435603
1. Introduction
Obesity, intestinal behavior, weight gain, satiety, overweight, adiposity, intestinal dysbiosis, weight loss
OBESITY, DISEASE, ADIPOSITY
These authors contributed equally to this work.Background: Sorghum is a cereal source of energy, carbohydrates, resistant starch, proanthocyanidins, and 3-deoxyanthocyanins; it promotes satiety by slowing digestion and benefits intestinal health. Objective: This study investigated the effects of extruded sorghum SC319 ...
PMC10490362
2. Materials and Methods
PMC10490362
2.1. Raw Materials and Processing
±
SCHENCK
Whole-grain sorghum (SC319 genotype) was grown in Nova Porteirinha, MG, Brazil, by Embrapa Milho e Sorgo. The grains were harvested in September 2013. They were milled into flour using a disc mill (Perten Instruments, Huddinge, Sweden) at position 2. The sorghum flour was combined with 10% fine granulated sugar (sucros...
PMC10490362
2.2. Trial Design
overweight
This was an 8-week, single-blind, controlled, randomized nutritional intervention study conducted in men with overweight. This study was conducted using data from the second phase of a crossover study previously conducted by our research group [The study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Federa...
PMC10490362
2.3. Participants
obesity, overweight
OBESITY, DISEASES
Volunteers were recruited in Viçosa-MG, Brazil, through advertisements on social networks, pamphlets, and posters. An email address and a telephone number were made available to individuals who were interested in participating in the study. In the first contact, the objectives and conditions of the study were informed ...
PMC10490362
2.4. Interventions and Test Meals
Volunteers attended the laboratory daily to consume the test preparations (breakfast cereal with milk or dairy product, or a drink) at breakfast and guided to follow a 500 kcal/day caloric restriction diet. On the weekends, the volunteers consumed the meals at home. The volunteers were instructed to consume the entire ...
PMC10490362
2.5. Outcomes
tumor necrosis
TUMOR NECROSIS
The primary outcome of this study was the effect on anthropometric measurements such as body weight, waist circumference, sagittal abdominal diameter, waist-to-height ratio, and body fat percentage. The second outcome was the effect of the interventions on intestinal health, including short-chain fatty acid synthesis, ...
PMC10490362
2.6. Randomization, Allocation, and Sample Power
Participants were randomized using a random sequence, according to the corresponding numbers received prior to the intervention, using a Microsoft Excel 365 software spreadsheet for distribution between groups. Allocation concealment occurred so that investigators or research participants did not know whether the next ...
PMC10490362
2.7. Assessment of Anthropometry and Body Composition Markers
overweight [
Anthropometric and body composition evaluations were performed by a single trained researcher. Body weight was assessed using an electronic platform scale (Model 2096 PP, Toledo, Brazil), with a capacity of 150 kg and precision of 50 g. Height was measured using a stadiometer (AlturexataBody composition was assessed by...
PMC10490362
2.8. Inflammatory Markers
tumor necrosis
TUMOR NECROSIS
All participants underwent overnight fasting, and blood samples were collected at baseline and endpoint. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was utilized to analyze the levels of inflammatory markers, including interleukin 6, interleukin 10, and tumor necrosis factor-α. The Milliplex Map Human Cytokine/Chemokine ...
PMC10490362
2.9. Fecal Samples
At baseline and endpoint (8 weeks after) of the intervention, study participants were instructed to provide a fecal sample as close to the collection time as possible. If immediate processing was not feasible, the samples were refrigerated at 4 °C for a maximum of 12 h. Participants transported the fecal samples to the...
PMC10490362
2.10. Fecal pH
The fecal pH level was assessed using a digital pH meter T-1000 (Tekna, São Paulo, Brazil). To perform the measurement, one gram of feces was transferred into a 15 mL falcon-type tube, and then 10 mL of ultrapure water was introduced. The mixture was thoroughly homogenized by vortexing, and the pH reading was obtained ...
PMC10490362
2.11. Organic Acid Analysis
To extract and identify organic acids from fecal samples, 500 mg of feces was weighed in duplicate and stored at −80 °C until further analysis. The frozen feces were thawed at room temperature (23 ± 2 °C) and homogenized with 1 mL of ultrapure water. Subsequently, the samples underwent centrifugation at 12,000×
PMC10490362
2.12. Fecal Sample DNA Extraction
The extraction of DNA from fecal samples was performed using the QIAamp Fast DNA Stool Mini kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) in accordance with the manufacturer’s guidelines. Each extraction involved 200 ± 20 mg of feces as the starting material. Following purification, the isolated DNA was preserved at −80 °C until it wa...
PMC10490362
2.13. Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) Analysis of Gut Microbiota DNA Concentration
In this study, the researchers aimed to quantify the concentration of gut microbiota DNA through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. The DNA concentration was determined by measuring the absorbance at 260 nm (A260), while its purity was assessed by calculating the A260/A280 ratio using a M...
PMC10490362
2.14. Analysis of Gut Microbiota
The sequencing of variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene of members of the Bacteria domains (V3–V4) was carried out by the company Argonne National LaboratoryFor alpha diversity analysis, the indices Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson were applied. Beta diversity was assessed by Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) based on th...
PMC10490362
2.15. Statistical Analysis
For body composition, inflammatory markers, organic acids, fecal pH, and PCR, statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 software. The normality of the data was assessed by Shapiro–Wilk test. The average of each variable at the beginning and end of the intervention was compared using paired For analysis related...
PMC10490362
3. Results
overweight
Thirty-six men with overweight were recruited to the study. However, 12 did not meet the inclusion criteria; therefore, a total of 24 participants were included in study. Three participants left the study for personal reasons and twenty-one individuals finished the study (
PMC10490362
3.1. Anthropometric Measures and Inflammatory Markers
weight loss
Significant weight loss (−1.25 ± 0.84 kg,
PMC10490362
3.2. SCFA Synthesis and Gut Microbiota PCR
We did not observe significant changes in fecal concentrations of acetic, propionic, and butyric acids after sorghum or wheat consumption for 8 weeks (
PMC10490362
3.3. Gut Microbiota Analysis
±
Sequencing the 16S rRNA gene from stool samples generated 1,383,378 raw sequences. After filtering and cleaning the sequences, 1,001,142 good-quality sequences were obtained. The Good’s coverage obtained in samples was >99%, indicating good sequencing coverage. Raw filtered reads and normalized read counts per group ar...
PMC10490362
3.4. Functional Prediction Analysis (KEGG Analysis)
According to the intragroup KEGG metabolic pathway analysis, extruded sorghum SC319 consumption increased methyl ketone biosynthesis (By comparing the extruded sorghum and wheat group metabolic pathways using a KEGG intergroup analysis at the endpoint, it was found that sorghum consumption increased S-adenosyl-L-methio...
PMC10490362
3.5. LEfSe Analysis
All OTUs were analyzed by a Linear Discriminant Analysis of Effect Size (LEfSe) to identify the dominant cecal microbiota and intestinal biomarkers using taxonomy (
PMC10490362
4. Discussion
inflammation, overweight, weight loss
CELIAC DISEASE, INFLAMMATION
This study investigated the effects of the consumption of extruded SC319 whole sorghum or extruded whole wheat associated with an 8-week daily 500 kcal energy restriction diet on the modulation of intestinal health with a focus on gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acid production, fecal pH, and weight loss and inflamma...
PMC10490362
5. Conclusions
overweight, weight loss
Consuming SC319 extruded sorghum allied to an energy restriction diet reduced body fat percentage in Brazilian men with overweight compared to control, with no differences in SCFA synthesis, fecal pH, α and β diversity, and inflammatory markers. In addition to this, considering gut microbiota functional prediction, the...
PMC10490362
Supplementary Materials
The following supporting information can be downloaded at: Click here for additional data file.
PMC10490362
Author Contributions
Conceptualization, H.L., P.A., B.d.S. and H.M.; data curation, H.L., P.A., B.d.S., A.d.S., H.P.-S. and H.M.; formal analysis, H.L. and P.A.; funding acquisition, C.d.C., V.Q. and H.M.; investigation, H.L., P.A., B.d.S., A.d.S., H.P.-S. and H.M.; methodology, B.d.S., A.d.S., C.d.C., V.Q., H.P.-S. and H.M.; project admin...
PMC10490362
Institutional Review Board Statement
The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Viçosa, Brazil (CAAE: 13630513.0.0000.5153), on 13 October 2014.
PMC10490362
Informed Consent Statement
All participants were informed about the objectives of the study and provided written informed consent.
PMC10490362
Data Availability Statement
Data presented in this study are available upon request to the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to the fact that they are available within an internal database of the research institution, therefore, they cannot be made publicly available.
PMC10490362
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.
PMC10490362
Background
T2DM
HEART FAILURE, TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
The sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor empagliflozin improves cardiovascular outcome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and heart failure. Experimental studies suggest a direct cardiac effect of empagliflozin associated with an improvement in left ventricular diastolic function.
PMC10293456
Methods
T2DM
In the randomized, double-blind, two-armed, placebo-controlled, parallel group trial EmDia, patients with T2DM and elevated left ventricular
PMC10293456
Results
T2DM
A total of 144 patients with T2DM and an elevated left ventricular
PMC10293456
Conclusions
heart failure, T2DM
HEART FAILURE
Empagliflozin improves diastolic function in patients with T2DM and elevated end-diastolic pressure. Since the positive effects were consistent in patients with and without heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, the data add a mechanistic insight for the beneficial cardiovascular effect of empagliflozin.
PMC10293456
Trial registration
NCT02932436
Clinicaltrials.gov, unique identifier: NCT02932436.
PMC10293456
Graphical abstract
PMC10293456
Supplementary Information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00392-023-02164-w.
PMC10293456
Keywords
Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.
PMC10293456
Introduction
type 2 diabetes mellitus, Diabetes mellitus
EPIDEMIC DISEASE, TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, DIABETES MELLITUS
Diabetes mellitus is an epidemic disease affecting more than 460 million people worldwide [The specific mechanisms mediating the beneficial effects of empagliflozin on cardiovascular outcome remain controversial [The EmDia trial was designed to evaluate the effect of empagliflozin compared to placebo on left ventricula...
PMC10293456
Methods
PMC10293456
Trial design
NCT02932436
-11
The EmDia trial is a randomized, double-blind, two-armed, placebo-controlled, parallel group, investigator-initiated study of phase IV. The University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz conducted the single-center trial as study sponsor. All study documents were approved by the local ethics commi...
PMC10293456
Patient enrolment and randomization
type 2 diabetes mellitus, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction
TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, LEFT VENTRICULAR DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION
The main inclusion criteria of the EmDia trial were: (i) age from 18 to 84 years, (ii) diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus with stable glucose-lowering background therapy and/or dietary treatment for at least 12 weeks, (iii) HbA1c ≥ 6.5% and ≤ 10.0% in subjects on antidiabetic background therapy or HbA1c ≥ 6.5% and ≤...
PMC10293456