title stringlengths 1 1.19k | keywords stringlengths 0 668 | concept stringlengths 0 909 | paragraph stringlengths 0 61.8k | PMID stringlengths 10 11 |
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2. Material and Methods | PMC10125751 | |||
2.1. Study Population | bleeding, seizure, cancer, vaginal atrophy, diabetes | BLEEDING, CANCER, LIVER DISEASE, VAGINAL ATROPHY, AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE, DIABETES | In the present randomized clinical trial, postmenopausal women with vaginal atrophy who complained of menopausal symptoms were recruited at Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan, Iran, from February to December 2021. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Kashan University of Medical Sciences (IR.KAUMS.MEDNT.... | PMC10125751 |
2.2. Study Design | MALE SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION | Women were randomized according to a permuted block randomization scheme with a block size of 4. Patients were categorized into the two study groups (hop and estradiol). In the hop group, all women (Female sexual dysfunction was explained by a gynecologist. A questionnaire was used to evaluate the Female Sexual Functio... | PMC10125751 | |
2.3. Statistical Analysis | The statistical analysis was performed using the independent | PMC10125751 | ||
3. Results | sexual pain | A total of 63 women participated in this study and were randomly assigned to the two groups (hop group (Before starting treatment, the hop and estradiol groups did not indicate any differences in sexual desire, sexual arousal, vaginal lubrication, and satisfaction scores (Two studied groups showed no statistically sign... | PMC10125751 | |
4. Discussion | sexual dysfunction, hormone-dependent cancers | CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS | To date, there is no approved treatment for postmenopausal women suffering from sexual dysfunction. Although hormone therapy with estradiol seems to be an effective treatment for these women, it may have some side effects, such as the risk of developing hormone-dependent cancers and cardiovascular disorders [ | PMC10125751 |
5. Conclusion | sexual dysfunction | ADVERSE EVENTS | The results of this study for the first time show that the administration of vaginal hop was as effective as estradiol in eliminating and reducing sexual dysfunction among postmenopausal women with no adverse events. Therefore, given the possible consequences of hormone therapy, the vaginal use of the hop extract can b... | PMC10125751 |
Acknowledgments | infertility | The authors thank the personnel of the infertility center of Shahid Beheshti Hospital for valuable assistance. This study was financially supported by the Kashan University of Medical Sciences (Grant no. 3231). | PMC10125751 | |
Data Availability | All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this manuscript. | PMC10125751 | ||
Ethical Approval | The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Kashan University of Medical Sciences (IR.KAUMS.MEDNT.REC.1399.206), and the trial was registered at | PMC10125751 | ||
Consent | Informed consent was obtained from participants before they took part in the study. | PMC10125751 | ||
Disclosure | This manuscript was previously preprinted [ | PMC10125751 | ||
Conflicts of Interest | The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. | PMC10125751 | ||
Authors' Contributions | Zahra Vahedpoorfard and Samira Ferdosi carried out some experiments and obtained funding for the work. Habibollah Rahimi participated in the design of the experiments and preformed statistical analysis. Hossein Motedayyen participated in the study design and drafted the manuscript. All authors read and approved the fin... | PMC10125751 | ||
Supplementary Materials | SD | APPENDIX | FSFI scoring Appendix 1 was used to evaluate the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI).Click here for additional data file.Demographic characteristics of the participants.Data are presented as the mean ± SD or frequency (percentage).FSFI scores of the women in the hop and estradiol groups before treatment.Data are presen... | PMC10125751 |
1. Introduction | deaths, birth companions, anxiety, stillbirths | The study aimed to assess the effect of midwife-provided orientation of birth companions on maternal anxiety and coping during labor. A stepped wedge cluster randomized trial design was conducted among 475 participants (control Improving the quality of care around the time of birth has been acknowledged as the most imp... | PMC9866548 | |
2. Materials and Methods | mental illness, Anxiety, anxiety, birth companions, VAS-A, humor | SECONDARY | A cross-sectional stepped wedge cluster randomized trial was used. In this design, different individuals in the control and intervention are used with a single observation of outcomes [The study was carried out in the Bugisu sub-region located in the eastern part of Uganda. The Bugisu sub-region consists of six distric... | PMC9866548 |
3. Results | PMC9866548 | |||
3.2. Maternal Anxiety | Anxiety, birth companions, anxiety | Maternal anxiety for women who received continuous labor support from birth companions who had a midwife-provided orientation (intervention) was compared to those who received usual care (control).The overall mean anxiety score was 5.4 (SD = 2.0). Anxiety was higher in the pre-intervention period (5.7, SD = 1.9) compar... | PMC9866548 | |
3.3. Coping with Labor | active labor | The proportion of those able to cope was highest during the early active labor (89.7%) and lowest during the second stage (53.4%). A significant difference (Further assessment of coping at 4–7 cm within the clusters and other variables was performed to evaluate treatment effects for specific baseline characteristics. W... | PMC9866548 | |
4. Discussion | post-traumatic stress disorder, birth companions, anxiety, Birth companions | EVENTS | In this study, we assessed the effect of midwife-provided orientation for birth companions on maternal anxiety and coping with labor. Results from our study showed that maternal anxiety score was reduced and the proportion of women coping was higher in the intervention period. Similar findings are also reported in othe... | PMC9866548 |
5. Conclusions | active labor, birth companions, anxiety, pain | Our results suggest that midwives providing an orientation on continuous labor support lowers women’s anxiety and enhances their ability to cope with pain during early active labor. Findings from this study may be of benefit in informing the development of protocols for the implementation of the presence of birth compa... | PMC9866548 | |
Author Contributions | Conceptualization, E.W.W.; data curation, E.W.W. and G.K.N.; formal analysis, E.W.W., N.M.T., G.K.N. and J.K.B.; funding acquisition, E.W.W.; investigation, E.W.W., N.M.T., G.K.N. and J.K.B.; methodology, E.W.W., N.M.T. and G.K.N.; project administration, E.W.W., P.A.M. and G.K.N.; resources, E.W.W.; supervision, G.K.N... | PMC9866548 | ||
Institutional Review Board Statement | The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Makerere School of Health Sciences Research Ethics Committee (SHSREC REF: 2017−54) and the Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (HS377ES). | PMC9866548 | ||
Informed Consent Statement | Written informed consent was sought from participants before enrollment in the study. Participation was voluntary and the women were informed that there were no negative repercussions for non-involvement. All methods were carried out under relevant guidelines and regulations. | PMC9866548 | ||
Data Availability Statement | Data are available on request from the corresponding author. | PMC9866548 | ||
Conflicts of Interest | All authors report no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results. | PMC9866548 | ||
1. Introduction | Gastric cancer, tumor, cancer, deaths, AJCC, gastric cancer | GASTRIC CANCER, TUMOR, METASTASIS, LUNG METASTASIS, CANCER, BRAIN METASTASES, BONE METASTASIS, REGRESSIONS, REGRESSION, METASTATIC GASTRIC ADENOCARCINOMA, LIVER METASTASIS, GASTRIC CANCER | The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic factors affecting overall survival in patients with metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma and to establish a nomogram prediction model for comprehensive clinical application. Data from 2370 patients with metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma between 2010 and 2017 were ret... | PMC9981423 |
2. Methods | PMC9981423 | |||
2.1. Patient | cancer, Cancer | CANCER, CANCER | Patients in the development and validation cohorts in this study were recruited from the SEER database supported by the National Cancer Institute, which collects information on the clinical characteristics and survival of approximately 1-third of cancer patients in the United States. SEER Stat software (version 8.4.0) ... | PMC9981423 |
2.2. Data collection and endpoint definition | tumor | BRAIN METASTASIS, TUMOR, LUNG METASTASIS, BONE METASTASIS, PRIMARY TUMOR, LIVER METASTASIS | The following data were collected for all eligible patients, age, sex, marital status, primary tumor site, histological type, differentiation, TNM stage, clinical stage, tumor size, bone metastasis, brain metastasis, liver metastasis, lung metastasis, and treatment information and survival outcome. In this study, 2 var... | PMC9981423 |
2.3. Statistical analysis | REGRESSION | Categorical variables are presented as frequencies and rates and were tested using the chi-square test. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to select independent prognostic factors for OS, and nomogram models were constructed to predict the OS at 6, 12, and 24 months. The prognostic mo... | PMC9981423 | |
3. Results | PMC9981423 | |||
3.1. Patient characteristics | cancer, tumor | BRAIN METASTASIS, TUMOR, LUNG METASTASIS, CANCER, BONE METASTASIS, LIVER METASTASIS | We extracted data from 2370 patients from the SEER database and randomly divided them into a training set (1659 patients) and validation set (711 patients) in a 7:3ratio. The median follow-up durations were 13 months and 10 months for the training and validation sets, respectively. Table Patients’ demographics and clin... | PMC9981423 |
3.2. Determining the predictors | cancer | CANCER | Univariate analysis of OS in this study is shown in Table Univariate analysis of patients with metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma.AJCC = American joint committee on cancer, CI = confidence interval, HR = hazard ratio.Multivariate analysis of patients with metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma.AJCC = American joint committee... | PMC9981423 |
3.3. Developing and validating the nomogram | REGRESSION | A nomogram was constructed based on independent prognostic factors derived from multivariate Cox regression analysis to predict the OS at 6, 12, and 24 months in patients with metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma. As shown in Figure Nomogram for predicting 6-, 12-, and 24-month OS of patients with metastatic gastric adeno... | PMC9981423 | |
4. Discussion | tumor, Tumor, cancer, Adenocarcinoma, heterogeneous disease | TUMOR, METASTASIS, TUMOR, LIVER METASTASIS, CANCER, ADENOCARCINOMA, PRIMARY TUMOR, METASTATIC GASTRIC ADENOCARCINOMA, METASTASES, GASTRIC CANCER | Adenocarcinoma remains the most common pathological type of gastric malignancy, and metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma remains a serious threat to human health as a heterogeneous disease.As a visualization of multivariate prognostic models, nomograms integrate multiple prognostic factors and can be used to accurately as... | PMC9981423 |
Acknowledgment | All authors would like to thank SEER for the open access to the database. | PMC9981423 | ||
Abbreviations: | METASTATIC GASTRIC ADENOCARCINOMA | American joint committee on cancerthe area under the curvedecision curve analysisoverall survivalreceiver operating characteristic curvesurveillance, epidemiology, and end results databaseThe authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are ava... | PMC9981423 | |
References | PMC9981423 | |||
Methods | We conducted a non-randomized controlled prospective pilot study that included all medical students from the last year of the pre-clinical cycle of the Université Paris-Cité Medical School, France, in 2021. The intervention group received the formative OSCE program, which consisted of four OSCE sessions, followed by de... | PMC10703252 | ||
Results | Twenty students were included in the intervention group; 776 in the control group. We observed a significant improvement with each successive formative OSCE session in communication skills and in taking a structured medical history (p<0.0001 for both skills). Students from the intervention group performed better in a s... | PMC10703252 | ||
Conclusion | Our findings suggest that an early formative OSCE program is suitable for the pre-clinical years of medical education and is associated with improved student performance in domains targeted by the program. | PMC10703252 | ||
Data Availability | The data that support the findings are owned by a third-party organization (the Paris University OSCE group) which were used under license for the current study, and so are not publicly available. Data are however available from the authors upon reasonable request to | PMC10703252 | ||
Background | The objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) [In France, as in many other countries, the first years of medical education are mainly dedicated to pre-clinical learning, without significative clinical or hospital exposure. Thus, OSCEs have initially been reserved for the clinical years of medical education that ... | PMC10703252 | ||
Methods | PMC10703252 | |||
Study design | We conducted a non-randomized controlled prospective study within the Université Paris-Cité Medical School to evaluate the effectiveness of an early formative OSCE program for students in the preclinical years of their medical education on summative OSCE performance at the end of the last year of the pre-clinical cycle... | PMC10703252 | ||
Study population | All students in the last year of the preclinical cycle of medical studies of the Université Paris-Cité Medical School in 2020–2021 (1,002 students) were eligible for the study. The entire 2020–2021 class was divided into several groups by the medical school by alphabetical order to further distribute the students to di... | PMC10703252 | ||
Intervention | MAY | The formative OSCE program consisted of four sessions that were administered once every two weeks between April 1 and May 31, 2021. This program followed the key objectives of preclinical medical education in France, which focuses on taking an extensive structured medical history, as well as on developing good communic... | PMC10703252 | |
Primary endpoint and final evaluation | pelvic pain | MAY, FACIAL PALSY | For all included students, a summative OSCE was performed at the end of the school year on May 2021, organized by the faculty. None of the teachers participating in the formative OSCE program were involved in the organization of the summative OSCE and were blinded to the summative OSCE subjects when conducting the form... | PMC10703252 |
Qualitative study | EVENTS | In addition, to complete the evaluation of this early OSCE training program, a qualitative study was conducted via the observation of five of the formative OSCE sessions (the four sessions of one subgroup and one session of another, convenience sampling). Marshall and Rossman define observation as "the systematic descr... | PMC10703252 | |
Statistical analysis | REGRESSION | The primary endpoint was analyzed using a two-tailed non-parametric Mann-Whitney test, as well as a univariate linear regression model. The same tests were used to analyze the progression curve during the four formative OSCEs.Assuming a median mark of 12/20 in the control group for the summative OSCE, an improvement of... | PMC10703252 | |
Qualitative analysis | Inductive thematic analysis was used for qualitative analysis. Thus, we coded the data without trying to fit it into a preexisting coding frame, the analysis was data-driven [ | PMC10703252 | ||
Results | PMC10703252 | |||
Implementation of the formative OSCE program | The preparation of the training program required 16 h to develop the exercise scenarios and evaluation grids and 4 h to organize the logistics carried out by four senior doctors (one senior per sub-group). Completion of the training program required the involvement of two senior doctors for 20 min per student, per sess... | PMC10703252 | ||
Student population and the formative OSCE program | Among the 1,002 medical students in the final year of the pre-clinical cycle in 2021 at the Université Paris-Cité Medical School, 206 did not take the final summative OSCE of the study and were not included. Thus, 796 students were included in the study, of whom 20 were in the intervention group and 776 in the control ... | PMC10703252 | ||
Flow chart. | OSCE: objective structured clinical examination.Among the 20 students in the intervention group, 17 participated in the four formative OSCE sessions and three participated in only three.The progression curve during the formative OSCE program is presented in | PMC10703252 | ||
Progression curve of students during the formative OSCE program (N = 20). | A) General communication skills. B) Structuring of a medical history. OSCE: objective structured clinical examination. | PMC10703252 | ||
Performance in the subsequent summative OSCE | The median mark obtained for the early summative OSCE focusing on taking a structured medical history and communication skills was significantly higher for the intervention group than for the control group (median 16/20, IQR [15; 17] versus 14/20, [13; 16], respectively, p = 0.012, | PMC10703252 | ||
Performance of the intervention and control groups on a summative OSCE focusing on skills covered during the formative OSCE program (OSCE N°1, structured medical history of a pelvic pain and communication skills), N = 796. | REGRESSION | *Linear regression adjusted for age, repetition of the past year, and the number of students retaking exams. OSCE: objective structured clinical examinationHowever, the performance of the two groups did not significantly differ for the summative OSCE assessing skills not targeted by the formative OSCE program (physical... | PMC10703252 | |
Performance of the intervention and control groups on a summative OSCE focusing on skills not covered during the formative OSCE program (physical examination and technical skills), N = 796. | REGRESSION | *: Linear regression adjusted for age, repetition of the past year, and the number of students retaking exams. OSCE: objective structured clinical examination | PMC10703252 | |
Student feedback following the summative OSCE | Among the 20 students from the intervention group, 17 (85%) completed the final anonymized questionnaire to evaluate their experience. Regarding the structure of the program, 13/17 (76%) found that four formative OSCEs were sufficient, 2 (12%) suggested to reduce the number of formative OSCEs and 2 (12%) suggested to i... | PMC10703252 | ||
Qualitative analysis | The main themes that emerged from the observation analysis were related to stress, the ease and difficulties of the students to act as expected during the exercise, and the reported and observed benefits.The qualitative data allowed interpretation of the quantitative results on the major results. First, concerning the ... | PMC10703252 | ||
Discussion | In this study, early formative OSCE dedicated to pre-clinical medical students was associated with improved subsequent performance compared to the standard teaching program. Our results highlight the positive impact of early formative OSCE on performance, as there was improvement only for the topics covered by the form... | PMC10703252 | ||
Supporting information | PMC10703252 | |||
Details of the four formative OSCE stations. | (DOCX)Click here for additional data file. | PMC10703252 | ||
Questionnaire administered to students from the intervention group. | (DOCX)Click here for additional data file. | PMC10703252 | ||
Results of the questionnaire administered to intervention group students, N = 17. | (DOCX)Click here for additional data file.We thank Victoire de Lastours for her help and comments. We thank Damien Livoreil and the Paris Univerisity administrative team for their logistical support. | PMC10703252 | ||
Background | ESPB, pain | Severe pain after lumbar spine surgery can delay recovery in elderly patients. We explored the efficacy of T12 erector spinal plane block (ESPB) in elderly patients who underwent lumbar spine surgery. | PMC10701994 | |
Methods | postoperative delirium, ESPB | COMPLICATIONS | A total of 230 patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery were divided and randomly allocated to ultrasound-guided ESPB (n = 115) and control (n = 115) groups. The ESPB group received 20 mL of 0.4% ropivacaine bilaterally at the T12 level after intubation, whereas the control group did not receive a block. The primary ou... | PMC10701994 |
Results | ESPB, NRS | COMPLICATIONS | The12-hour NRS (median (IQR)) score was remarkably lower in the ESPB group than in the control group (2 (1–3) vs. 3 (2–4), p = 0.004), as well as NRS score within 48 h (P < 0.01). The ESPB group had less intraoperative remifentanil use (P < 0.001), and less tramadol use within 72 h postoperatively (P < 0.001). Seven pa... | PMC10701994 |
Conclusions | ESPB | Bilateral T12 ESPB lowered the NRS score within 48 h after lumbar spine surgery, decreased perioperative opioid use and resulted in faster recovery in elderly patients but did not significantly reduce the incidence of POD. | PMC10701994 | |
Trial registration | The study was retrospectively registered at | PMC10701994 | ||
Keywords | PMC10701994 | |||
Introduction | postoperative pain, ESPB, pain, paraspinal muscle, truncal block | ADVERSE EFFECTS, RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION, POSTERIOR, LOCAL ANESTHETICS | As the population ages, more older people are undergoing lumbar spine surgery. Posterior lumbar spine surgery is usually an open procedure that results in considerable postoperative pain due to paraspinal muscle dissection and disc removal. In a comprehensive analysis of 179 postoperative pain types, spinal surgery pai... | PMC10701994 |
Methods | This prospective, randomized, single-blinded trial protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University on November 10, 2020 (KY2020-222), and it was registered at | PMC10701994 | ||
Randomization and blinding | ESPB | The anesthesiologist in charge of intraoperative management evaluated the patients on the day before the operation and allocated them to the ESPB or control group based on a 1:1 random number (SPSS Statistics 26.0, IBM, USA). Standard general anesthesia was conducted in the two groups. The ESPB group received T12 ESPB ... | PMC10701994 | |
Perioperative management | PONV | The electrocardiogram (ECG), pulse oxygen saturation, and bispectral index (BIS) were monitored once the patient entered the operating room. Depending on the patient’s condition, invasive or noninvasive arterial blood pressure monitoring was performed. Intravenous (IV) sufentanil (0.3 µg/kg), etomidate (0.2–0.3 mg/kg),... | PMC10701994 | |
Ultrasound-guided bilateral block | ESPB | STERILE | After induction, the patient was changed to a prone position. The skin was disinfected with iodophor, and the high-frequency linear ultrasound probe (6–13 Mhz, SonoSite S Series, USA) was placed in a sterile sleeve. The probe was placed longitudinally at the 12th rib of the midscapular line and moved inward along the 1... | PMC10701994 |
Postoperative pain management | Both groups were administered intravenously guttae flurbiprofen 100 mg twice a day to maintain postoperative analgesia. When the numeric rating scale (NRS) score was ≥ 4, an intramuscular injection of 100 mg tramadol was administered. | PMC10701994 | ||
Data collection | blood loss | BLOOD LOSS | Intraoperative data were collected, including the duration of surgery, remifentanil use, total blood loss, hemodynamic parameters, and vasoactive medication dosage. Postoperative data included extubation time, Sedation-Agitation Scale (SAS) score [Intraoperative data were collected by the anesthesiologists and postop... | PMC10701994 |
Outcomes | PONV, NRS pain, pain | COMPLICATIONS | The primary outcome was the NRS pain score (0–10; 0, no pain; 1–3, mild pain; 4–6, moderate pain; 7–10, severe pain) at 12 h after surgery. Secondary outcomes included the NRS pain score and tramadol use within 72 h postoperatively, intraoperative remifentanil use, hemodynamic parameters, extubation time, SAS score aft... | PMC10701994 |
Statistical analysis | ESPB, NRS | The sample size was estimated with the MedSci Application (V.6.2.2, MedSci, China). We performed sample size calculations, in which a 1-point reduction in the NRS score at 12 h was considered clinically relevant. Eight patients in each group were included in our pilot study. The NRS score was 2 (1) (mean (SD)) in the E... | PMC10701994 | |
Results | CEREBROSPINAL FLUID LEAKAGE, MAY | From November 10, 2020, to May 30, 2021, 230 patients met the requirements after being screened. Three patients requested removal from the study after surgery; two patients self-administered analgesics; seven patients experienced cerebrospinal fluid leakage during the operation and the postoperative ambulation time was... | PMC10701994 | |
Pre- and intraoperative data | The demographic and clinical variables were comparable between the two groups (Table
Demographic and intraoperative dataStudent’s t test or Mann―Whitney U test for continuous variables; Fisher’s exact or χ2 tests for categorical variables and proportionsASA, American Society of Anesthesiologist; BMI, body mass index; ... | PMC10701994 | ||
Postoperative data | delirium, ESPB, postoperative nausea or vomiting, pain, NRS pain, PONV, NRS | Patients in the ESPB group had lower NRS scores at 12 h postoperatively than the control patients (2 (1, 3) vs. 3 (2–4), p < 0.01). Similar differences were observed in the pain scores at 0, 0.5, 4, 24, 36, and 48 h. In contrast, the two groups had similar NRS pain scores at 60 and 72 h postoperatively (Fig.
NRS pain ... | PMC10701994 | |
Discussion | nerve injury, thoracolumbar, ESPB, nerve block, cutaneous sensory block, thoracic neuropathic pain, hemorrhage, truncal block, T12 ESPB, NRS, lumbar plexus block | HEMORRHAGE, COMPLICATIONS, COMPLICATION, PUNCTURE SITE INFECTION | The findings of this randomized, single-blind study showed that T12 ESPB could reduce NRS scores within 48 h postoperatively and perioperative opioid use. Compared with no block, T12 ESPB significantly shortened ambulation time and hospital stay.ESPB was proposed for the treatment of thoracic neuropathic pain in 2016 [... | PMC10701994 |
Acknowledgements | RECRUITMENT | We thank the Department of Spinal Surgery and Department of Anesthesia of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University for their cooperation. We are grateful for Nan Wang for assistance on patient recruitment. | PMC10701994 | |
Authors’ contributions | WD | AZ and JC helped with study design, study procedures, and manuscript writing and editing. XZ, TJ and DL helped with study design, statistical analysis, data interpretation, and manuscript editing. XC and HW helped with data collection, statistical analysis, and manuscript writing. WD is responsible for the overall cont... | PMC10701994 | |
Funding | No funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript. | PMC10701994 | ||
Data Availability | All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article. | PMC10701994 | ||
Declarations | PMC10701994 | |||
Ethics approval and consent to participate | This prospective, randomized, single-blinded trial protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University on November 10, 2020 (KY2020-222), and it was retrospectively registered at | PMC10701994 | ||
Consent for publication | Not applicable. | PMC10701994 | ||
Competing interests | The authors declare no competing interests. | PMC10701994 | ||
Abbreviations | nausea, confusion | The confusion assessment methodErector spinae plane blockMini-mental state examinationNumeric rating scalesPostoperative deliriumPostoperative nausea and vomitingSedation-Agitation ScaleThoracolumbar interfascial plane | PMC10701994 | |
References | PMC10701994 | |||
SUMMARY | 2C06; A.C. provided BG505 DS-SOSIP | MUTANTS | AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONSS.W. determined cryo-EM structures, analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript; F.M. performed B cell sorting; B.Z. and T.L. expressed and purified antibodies and performed BLI assays; C.-H.S. analyzed antibody sequences and binding motifs; T.B. calculated Shannon entropyfromthe208-strain panel and... | PMC10491024 |
Graphical Abstract | PMC10491024 | |||
In brief | Vaccine elicitation of tier-2 HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies in humans has been a long-sought goal. Wang et al. isolate and determine structures of two antibodies from a clinical trial of a prefusion-closed HIV-1 envelope trimer. These antibodies target the fusion-peptide site of vulnerability, form a reproducible class... | PMC10491024 |
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