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3. Results | PMC10556527 | |||
3.1. Strength of genetic instruments | T2DM | In our efforts to discern the causal influence of gut microbiota on T2DM, we amalgamated SNPs following a genome-wide significance criterion ( | PMC10556527 | |
3.2. Association of intestinal flora with T2DM | MR, T2DM | We found two families and six genera to be causally associated with T2DM using MR methods, as shown in The scatter plots above illustrate the causal association between gut microbiota and T2DM. The light blue, light green, dark blue, green, and pink lines correspond to the Inverse Variance Weighted, Simple Mode, MR-Egg... | PMC10556527 | |
3.3. Sensitivity analyses | T2DM | The Cochran Q test indicated no heterogeneity within the instrumental variables, as the MR estimates for the association between gut microbiota and T2DM.Leave-one-out plots for the causal association between gut microbiota and T2DM. | PMC10556527 | |
4. Discussion | MR, intestinal dysbiosis, T2DM | TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS | In this study, we executed a bi-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) investigation, using data from the MiBioGen consortium and the consolidated GWAS dataset, to appraise the cause-and-effect relationship between particular intestinal microflora and T2DM. We identified two genera as protective factors for T2DM, namely g... | PMC10556527 |
5. Limitations | DISEASE | Initially, it's important to consider that allele frequency and disease prevalence can differ across various populations, hence, population stratification could introduce a confounding element in Mendelian random analysis, especially if the study population is diverse ( | PMC10556527 | |
6. Conclusions | To summarize, this two-sample MR study's findings offer genetic proof that the existence of genus | PMC10556527 | ||
Data availability statement | The data presented in this study is deposited in publicly available datasets. This data can be found at: gut bacteria from MiBioGen (data available at: | PMC10556527 | ||
Author contributions | KS: Data curation, Software, Writing—original draft, Writing—review and editing. YG: Formal Analysis, Methodology, Supervision, Writing—original draft, Writing—review and editing. HW: Data curation, Software, Validation, Writing—review and editing. XH: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Writing—original draft,... | PMC10556527 | ||
Conflict of interest | The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. | PMC10556527 | ||
Publisher's note | All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or ... | PMC10556527 | ||
Supplementary material | The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: Click here for additional data file.Click here for additional data file.Click here for additional data file. | PMC10556527 | ||
References | PMC10556527 | |||
Background | chronic hepatitis C virus, infection, fatigue | INFECTION | Most people who inject drugs (PWIDs) suffer from severe fatigue, and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may play a role in this. However, there is scarce evidence about interventions that alleviate fatigue among PWIDs. The present study investigated the effect of integrated HCV treatment on fatigue in this popul... | PMC10123982 |
Methods | infectious disease, fatigue, Fatigue | MAY, SECONDARY, INFECTIOUS DISEASE | This multi-center, randomized controlled trial evaluated fatigue as a secondary outcome of integrated HCV treatment (the INTRO-HCV trial). From May 2017 to June 2019, 276 participants in Bergen and Stavanger, Norway, were randomly assigned to receive integrated and standard HCV treatment. Integrated treatment was deliv... | PMC10123982 |
Results | At baseline, the mean FSS-9 sum score was 46 (standard deviation (SD): 15) for participants on integrated HCV treatment and 41 (SD: 16) for those on standard treatment. Twelve weeks after completed HCV treatment, the mean FSS-9 sum score for participants receiving integrated HCV treatment was 42 (SD: 15) and 40 (SD: 14... | PMC10123982 | ||
Conclusions | fatigue, Fatigue | Fatigue is a common symptom among PWIDs. Integrated HCV treatment is at least equal to standard HCV treatment in improving fatigue. | PMC10123982 | |
Trial registration | ClinicalTrials.gov.no NCT03155906, 16/05/2017. | PMC10123982 | ||
Supplementary Information | The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13011-023-00534-1. | PMC10123982 | ||
Keywords | Open access funding provided by University of Bergen. | PMC10123982 | ||
Background | HCV) infection, fatigue, chronic hepatitis C virus, HCV infection, Fatigue | Fatigue is a debilitating symptom that affects as many as 50 to 80% of people with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection [In this regard, some studies have suggested that HCV treatment may reduce fatigue [This randomized controlled trial investigated the impact of integrated HCV infection treatment on fatigue using... | PMC10123982 | |
Methods | PMC10123982 | |||
Design and setting | The original study, the INTRO-HCV trial, was designed as a multi-center, randomized controlled trial [ | PMC10123982 | ||
Ethics approval and consent to participate | WEST | The present study was reviewed and approved by the Regional Ethical Committee for Health Research (REC) West, Norway (reference number: 2017/51/REK Vest, dated 29.03.2017/20.04.2017). All recruited participants were fully informed about the study, and their written informed consent was provided before their inclusion a... | PMC10123982 | |
Interventions | A total of 148 participants were randomized into the integrated HCV treatment group and 150 into the standard HCV treatment group (Fig. Trial profile for the study. Legends: | PMC10123982 | ||
Intervention – standard HCV treatment | infectious diseases, infectious disease | INFECTIOUS DISEASES, INFECTIOUS DISEASE, DISORDERS | Participants in the standard HCV treatment group were referred to the centralized outpatient infectious disease clinic at the collaborating referral hospital for HCV treatment. An appointment was given and usually scheduled within a few weeks after the referral; the participants were informed of this by mail. Their cli... | PMC10123982 |
Intervention – integrated HCV treatment | OAT | INFECTIOUS DISEASES | All assessments and medications for participants in the integrated treatment groups were provided onsite at the OAT clinics or CCCs, including DAAs, blood samples, and FSS-9 assessments. Compared with participants in the standard treatment group, participants in the integrated treatment group had no follow-ups in the r... | PMC10123982 |
Data collection | fatigue | INFECTIOUS DISEASES | Participants were evaluated prior to HCV treatment and EOT12 to record their health status, including fatigue level according to the FSS-9 score, sociodemographic data, current drug use, blood samples, transient elastography, and clinical examination. The health assessments were conducted by specialized research nurses... | PMC10123982 |
Randomization and masking | Selected participants were randomized at a 1:1 ratio using blocks of 10 stratified by city and assigned into integrated ( | PMC10123982 | ||
Measurement | Liver stiffness, fatigue | HEPATITIS B, VIRUS | We assessed fatigue using the FSS-9, including items considering mental and physical functioning, motivation, carrying out duties, and interfering with work, family, or social life. The FSS-9 is a well-known questionnaire to quantify fatigue during the week prior to the assessment [We drew blood samples, including hepa... | PMC10123982 |
Statistical analyses | We used Stata SE version 17 (StataCorp, TX, USA) for descriptive analyses and linear mixed model analyses, and IBM SPSS version 26.0 for expectation–maximization calculation. The threshold for statistical significance was set to We dealt with any missing values in FSS-9 scores at baseline and EOT12 as “missing at rando... | PMC10123982 | ||
Results | PMC10123982 | |||
Characteristics at baseline | The median age was 44 years (interquartile range (IQR): 36–52) in the integrated HCV treatment group. Of those, 73% were male, and 58% had injected drugs recently. In the standard HCV treatment group, the median age was 42 years (IQR 34–49), 81% were male, and 64% had injected drugs recently. HCV genotype 3 was most pr... | PMC10123982 | ||
FSS-9 sum scores at baseline and EOT12 | At baseline, the mean FSS-9 sum score for participants on receiving integrated treatment was 46 (Standard deviation (SD): 15) and 41 (SD: 16) for those on standard treatment. The mean FSS-9 sum score in both groups was slightly left-skewed and tended toward a flattened distribution at baseline (Additional file | PMC10123982 | ||
Discussion | HCV [, fatigue | The present RCT demonstrated that, compared to standard HCV treatment, integrated HCV treatment did not reduce fatigue from baseline to EOT12 among PWIDs; however, a non-significant improvement in the fatigue level was observed. The fatigue level was high in both the integrated and the standard HCV treatment groups, wi... | PMC10123982 | |
Strengths and limitations | opioid dependence, fatigue, OAT, infectious disease, cognitive impairments | INFECTIOUS DISEASE | A major strength of this study is its trial design of individual randomization with balanced groups, which minimizes potential confounding. Furthermore, we included PWIDs who usually struggle with adherence to standard HCV treatment and have frequently discontinued previous HCV assessment and treatment in centralized i... | PMC10123982 |
Conclusion | fatigue | The present trial documented that fatigue is a common symptom among PWIDs. Integrated HCV treatment was at least equal to standard HCV treatment in alleviating fatigue. Integrated HCV treatment may be a treatment approach in other medical and psychosocial care to improve fatigue. | PMC10123982 | |
Acknowledgements | Alpers | BONNIER, ALPERS | We thank Nina Elisabeth Eltvik, Christer Kleppe, Rafael Alexander Leiva, and Christian Ohldieck for valuable help and input during the planning and preparation phases. We also thank the INTRO-HCV Study Group for important contribution relating to data collection.INTRO-HCV Study Group participating investigators:Bergen:... | PMC10123982 |
Authors’ contributions | EML | JHV has led the study design, analysis, and writing the article preparation. FC, EML, CFA, AL, PV, KAJ, and LTF have contributed to the study design, analysis, and article preparation. All authors have read and approved the final article. | PMC10123982 | |
Funding | Open access funding provided by University of Bergen. This work was supported by The Norwegian Research Council (BEHANDLING, contract no 269855); and the Western Norway Regional Health Authority («Åpen prosjektstøtte») with Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway as responsible i... | PMC10123982 | ||
Availability of data and materials | The datasets analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due data protection requirements but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. | PMC10123982 | ||
Declarations | PMC10123982 | |||
Ethics approval and consent to participate | WEST | The present study was reviewed and approved by the Regional Ethical Committee for Health Research (REC) West, Norway (reference number: 2017/51/REK Vest, dated 29.03.2017/20.04.2017). All recruited participants were fully informed about the study, and their written informed consent was provided before their inclusion a... | PMC10123982 | |
Consent for publication | Not applicable. | PMC10123982 | ||
Competing interests | The authors declare no competing interests. | PMC10123982 | ||
References | PMC10123982 | |||
Background: | Viral infection | VIRAL INFECTION | Viral infection is associated with a significant rewire of the host metabolic pathways, presenting attractive metabolic targets for intervention. | PMC9937660 |
Methods: | VIRUS, SARS-COV-2 INFECTION | We chart the metabolic response of lung epithelial cells to SARS-CoV-2 infection in primary cultures and COVID-19 patient samples and perform in vitro metabolism-focused drug screen on primary lung epithelial cells infected with different strains of the virus. We perform observational analysis of Israeli patients hospi... | PMC9937660 | |
Results: | inflammation | INFLAMMATION, SARS-COV-2 INFECTION | SARS-CoV-2 infection produced transcriptional changes associated with increased glycolysis and lipid accumulation. Metabolism-focused drug screen showed that fenofibrate reversed lipid accumulation and blocked SARS-CoV-2 replication through a PPARα-dependent mechanism in both alpha and delta variants. Analysis of 3233 ... | PMC9937660 |
Conclusions: | SARS-CoV-2 infection | SARS-COV-2 INFECTION | Taken together, our data suggest that pharmacological modulation of PPARα should be strongly considered as a potential therapeutic approach for SARS-CoV-2 infection and emphasizes the need to complete the study of fenofibrate in large randomized controlled clinical trials. | PMC9937660 |
Funding: | Funding was provided by European Research Council Consolidator Grants OCLD (project no. 681870) and generous gifts from the Nikoh Foundation and the Sam and Rina Frankel Foundation (YN). The interventional study was supported by Abbott (project FENOC0003). | PMC9937660 | ||
Clinical trial number: | NCT04661930. | PMC9937660 | ||
Research organism | PMC9937660 | |||
Introduction | obesity, hyperlipidemia, inflammation, metabolic diseases, infection, respiratory distress, diabetes | OBESITY, VIRUS, SARS-COV-2 INFECTION, HYPERLIPIDEMIA, CORONAVIRUS INFECTION, INFLAMMATION, METABOLIC DISEASES, INFECTION, ELEVATED BLOOD GLUCOSE, CORONAVIRUS, SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME, DIABETES | The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a positive-strand RNA virus of the Recent work suggests that COVID-19 progression is dependent on metabolic mechanisms. Elevated blood glucose, obesity, and hyperlipidemia were found to be risk factors for SARS-CoV-2-induced acute respiratory distress,... | PMC9937660 |
Methods | PMC9937660 | |||
Experimental model and subject details | PMC9937660 | |||
Human subjects | All protocols involving human tissue were reviewed and exempted by The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, the Israeli Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Institutional Review Boards.Experiments using samples from human subjects were conducted in accordance with local regula... | PMC9937660 | ||
Cell culture | MYCOPLASMA | Normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells (Lonza, CC-2540 Lot# 580580), isolated from a 79-year-old Caucasian female and were maintained at 37 °C and 5% COCells were authenticated at the source and routinely screened for mycoplasma using PCR. | PMC9937660 | |
Viruses | INFECTIOUS, CYTOPATHIC EFFECT, PLAQUE, CORONAVIRUS, DISEASE | SARS-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Isolate USA-WA1/2020 (NR-52281) was deposited by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention and obtained through BEI Resources, NIAID, NIH. SARS-CoV-2 was propagated in Vero E6 cells in DMEM supplemented with 2% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), 4.5 g/L D-glucose, 4 mM L-glutamine, 1... | PMC9937660 | |
Methods details | PMC9937660 | |||
Analysis of gene expression by RNAseq | cough, tumor, fever | TUMOR, LUNG DISEASES, TUBERCULOSIS | Expression count matrices were retrieved from GEO: GSE147507-Series1 (Bronchial; culture), GSE153970 (Small airway; culture), GSE147507-Series15 (Autopsy), GSE145926- (Lavage). Differential gene expression analysis was performed using a Poisson-Tweedie distribution model using the tweeDEseq Bioconductor package (Bronch... | PMC9937660 |
Analysis of canonical splice variants | Reads were downloaded from SRA (GSE147507), and filtered and trimmed to remove low-quality reads and sequencing artifacts with fastp v20 ( | PMC9937660 | ||
Assembly of metabolic categories | Aggregate metabolic categories were created as previously described ( | PMC9937660 | ||
Processing, analysis, and graphic display of genomic data | HEAT | Hierarchical clustering, heat maps, correlation plots, and similarity matrices were created in Morpheus. Gene ontology enrichment analyses and clustering were performed using DAVID Informatics Resources 6.7 ( | PMC9937660 | |
Quantification of intracellular glucose | To detect glucose uptake, we used 2-(N-(7-Nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) Amino)–2-Deoxyglucose (2-NDBG) a fluorescent analog of glucose (Invitrogen, USA; N13195). 2-NDBG is transported through SGLT-1 and GLUT-2. Increased uptake leads to 2-NDBG accumulation in the cells. Cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 for 96 hr were ... | PMC9937660 | ||
Quantification of lipids | phospholipidosis, Steatosis | PHOSPHOLIPIDOSIS, STEATOSIS | Lipid accumulation was measured using HCS LipidTOX Phospholipidosis and Steatosis Detection Kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions (ThermoFisher, USA; H34158). Briefly, cells were incubated in complete bronchial epithelial growth medium supplemented with 1 x phospholipidosis detection reagent for 48 hr. Cells... | PMC9937660 |
Metabolic analysis of glucose, lactate, and glutamine | IST, SARS-CoV-2 infected | Metabolic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infected culture medium in the BSL3 facility was done using Accutrend Plus multiparameter meter (Roche Diagnostics). Culture medium was collected every 48 hr and stored at –80 °C prior to analysis. Measurements were carried out using Accutrend Plus Glucose and BM-Lactate Test Strips acc... | PMC9937660 | |
Generation lentiviral SARS-CoV-2 constructs | VIRUS | Plasmids encoding the SARS-CoV-2 open-reading frames (ORFs) and eGFP control are a kind gift of Nevan Krogan (Addgene plasmid #141367–141395). Plasmids were acquired as bacterial LB-agar stabs and used per the provider’s instructions. Briefly, each stab was first seeded into agar LB (Bacto Agar; BD, USA) in 10 cm plate... | PMC9937660 | |
SARS-CoV-2 proteins lentiviral transduction | Approximately 1×10 | PMC9937660 | ||
Metabolic flux quantification (Seahorse) | Mitochondrial Stress Test (Agilent; 103010–100) assay was conducted per manufacturer instructions as previously described (Free fatty acid oxidation was measured using XF Long Chain Fatty Acid Oxidation Stress Test Kit (Agilent; 103672–100) as previously described ( | PMC9937660 | ||
Generation PPARα CRISPR knock-out cells | KNOCKOUT | The PPARα knock-out cells were created using a Cas9-based, CRISPR system. Two different sgRNA oligos from the human GeCKO v.2 Human CRISPR Knockout Pooled Library (Addgene; #1000000048), PPARa HGLibA_37838 and HGLibB_37787, were cloned into the lentiCRISPR v2 plasmid (Addgene; #52961). The sgRNA cloning was performed a... | PMC9937660 | |
RNA-Seq of viral infections | Approximately 1×10 | PMC9937660 | ||
Viral load by quantitative real-time PCR analysis | In BSL3 experiments conducted in the BSL3 facility at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Genomic viral RNA was extracted from supernatants using TRIzol reagent according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Thermo Fisher). RNA was reverse transcribed into cDNA using oligo d(T) primers and SuperScript II Revers... | PMC9937660 | ||
Functional annotations of gene expression | Differentially expressed genes were tested for enrichment overlap within functional gene sets. The general test for functional enrichment of the differentially expressed genes against various functional categories was done using the PANTHER tool ( | PMC9937660 | ||
Drug treatments | Approximately 5×10 | PMC9937660 | ||
Western blot | LYSED, SECONDARY | NHBE, PPARα CRISPR-KO NHBE cells, or PPARα-OE HEK293T cells were washed in DPBS, lysed in 1 x Laemmli Loading buffer, and boiled at 100 °C; 40 μl of cleared lysate were analyzed in a pre-cast gradient polyacrylamide gel (Bolt 4 to 12%, Bis-Tris, 1.0 mm, Mini Protein Gel/ NW04120BOX, Invitrogen) using SeeBlue Plus2 Pre-... | PMC9937660 | |
Quantification and statistical analysis | Work done in the BSL3 facility at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai was done on NHBE from a single donor, repeated in three experimental repeats with three or more technical repeats in each experiment. Work done in the BSL3 facility at the Sheba Medical Center or in the BSL2 facility at The Hebrew University ... | PMC9937660 | ||
Observational studies | PMC9937660 | |||
Israeli study | obesity, death, chronic kidney disease, asthma, diabetes | OBESITY, DISEASE, LIVER DISEASE, CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE, CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT, ASTHMA, DYSLIPIDEMIA, REGRESSION, REGRESSION, HYPERTENSION, DIABETES | A retrospective, multi-center study was conducted in Hadassah and Ichilov Medical Centers. A total of 150,976 participants were diagnosed positive for SARS-COV-2 following WHO interim guidance (The retrospective study was designed to assess initial relationships between metabolic regulating drug use and COVID-19 clinic... | PMC9937660 |
Italian study | obesity | OBESITY, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE | A validation study was conducted by phone interviews of the last 2123 patients examined in the Outpatient Lipid Clinics of the University of Bologna and of the Niguarda Hospital in Milan during the last 12 months and on adequately dosed statins, fenofibrate, or both for at least 3 months. We excluded patients on lipid-... | PMC9937660 |
US study | dementia, hypertension, chronic lung disease | DISEASE, DIABETES MELLITUS, ATHEROSCLEROTIC CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, HEART FAILURE, HYPERTENSION, CHRONIC LUNG DISEASE, CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE | A validation study was conducted using an existing observational cohort of 920,922 veterans with hypertension (defined by diagnostic codes for hypertension and at least two fills for antihypertensive medications from January 1, 2020, to October 25, 2020, and restricted to those veterans with evidence of using the Veter... | PMC9937660 |
Interventional study | PMC9937660 | |||
Design and participants | pneumonia, multiple organ dysfunction, kidney disease, chronic kidney disease stage, hypersensitivity | PNEUMONIA, KIDNEY DISEASE, RESPIRATORY FAILURE, DISEASE, CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE STAGE 1, INFILTRATES, SEPTIC SHOCK, DISEASE, HYPERSENSITIVITY | The study was conducted as an open-label, phase 3 a clinical trial, in the Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel. The study was approved by the Barzilai Medical Center Research Ethics Committee (0105–20-BRZ). The study enrolled adults (≥18 years of age) with severe Covid-19 pneumonia, as confirmed by positive polym... | PMC9937660 |
Procedures | cough, low immunoinflammatory stress, fever | Participants who met the inclusion criteria were assigned to intervention with nanocrystallized fenofibrate (TriCor, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, IL USA) at a dose of 145 mg (1 tablet) once per day. Standard care for severe-hospitalized COVID-19 patients was provided according to local practice: antiviral treatment, vita... | PMC9937660 | |
Valuations | ’ disease, Death | For the evaluation of patients in this trial, the baseline was defined as the last observation before the administration of fenofibrate on day 0. The patients’ disease severity was assessed on an ordinal scale according to the following categories: The scale is as follows: (1) Death; (2) Hospitalized, on invasive mecha... | PMC9937660 | |
Viral RNA and S-gene target failure (SGTF) detection by real-time PCR | Extracted RNA was transferred to 96-well PCR plate containing 20 µl of TaqPath 1-step Multiplex Master Mix No ROX (Applied Bioscience, Cat number: A28523). This was followed by a one-step RT-PCR (TaqPath COVID-19 assay kit; Thermo-Fisher). Thereafter, the plate was sealed with MicroAmp clear adhesive strip (Applied Bio... | PMC9937660 | ||
Variant detection by real-time PCR | ENDO | Allplex SARS-CoV-2 Variants I Assay from Seegene Inc was used according to the manufacturer protocol to perform rRT-PCR. Briefly, Extracted RNA (5 µl) was transferred to 96 well PCR plate containing 15 µll of the master mix. Plates were then spun down at 2500 rpm for 5 s and analyzed on a CFX96 Touch Real-Time PCR from... | PMC9937660 | |
Statistical analysis | death | REGRESSION | Demographic data were summarized, continuous variables with non-normal distributions were expressed as median [IQR] and categorical variables were expressed as numbers and percentages (%). The sample size is detailed in each display item. Comparisons between groups were performed with Mann-Whitney U test for continuous... | PMC9937660 |
Ethics and oversight | All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.In the observational studies - the Israeli study was appr... | PMC9937660 | ||
Software resources | Our custom Cell Analysis CellProfiler Pipeline is available at | PMC9937660 | ||
Results | PMC9937660 | |||
The metabolic fingerprint of SARS-CoV-2 infection | infected primary human bronchial epithelial | VIRUS | To elucidate the metabolic effects of SARS-CoV-2 we infected primary human bronchial epithelial cells with the virus ( | PMC9937660 |
Metabolic fingerprint of SARS-CoV-2 infection. | (
| PMC9937660 | ||
Metabolic signature of infection in COVID-19 patients’ samples and SARS-CoV-2 infected primary cells. | infection | INFECTION, SARS-COV-2 INFECTION | (Further transcriptional analysis shows that 58 ± 3% of differentially expressed genes are metabolism-related, with about 15 ± 2% of the genes associated with lipid metabolism (Mapping differentially expressed genes on the central carbon metabolism pathway showed that SARS-CoV-2 induces key glycolysis genes (To confirm... | PMC9937660 |
SARS-CoV-2 proteins cause direct modulation of metabolic pathways | To explore the role of viral proteins in the host metabolic response to SARS-CoV-2, we expressed a large protein panel ( | PMC9937660 | ||
SARS-CoV-2 proteins modulate host metabolic pathways. | Analysis of primary bronchial epithelial cells expressing different SARS-CoV-2 proteins for 72 hr using multiple independent assays. (
| PMC9937660 | ||
Gene expression patterns of SARS-CoV-2 proteins. | SARS-CoV-2 infection | SARS-COV-2 INFECTION | (To study the role of viral proteins in lipid metabolism, we measured the exogenous fatty acid oxidation using Seahorse (The inhibition of lipid catabolism by SARS-CoV-2 infection of primary lung epithelial cells and associated lipid accumulation is a unique host response ( | PMC9937660 |
Pharmacological modulation of SARS-CoV-2-induced metabolic pathways | SARS-CoV-2 infection | SARS-COV-2 INFECTION | The metabolic pathways induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection can be pharmacologically modulated at multiple points ( | PMC9937660 |
Metabolic intervention of SARS-CoV-2 shows the antiviral effect of PPARα activation. | (
| PMC9937660 | ||
PPARα is required for fenofibrate rescue and etomoxir reversal in SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. | (
| PMC9937660 |
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