title stringlengths 1 1.19k | keywords stringlengths 0 668 | concept stringlengths 0 909 | paragraph stringlengths 0 61.8k | PMID stringlengths 10 11 |
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This Study | EMA | To evaluate these changes, we implemented 2 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) within the ongoing Health@NUS study. The practical nature of these nested RCTs (ie, to act to improve overall EMA survey response rate in an ongoing study) meant that publishing a protocol before starting the study was not feasible. The out... | PMC10623229 | |
Participants | word of mouth | RECRUITMENT, RECRUITMENT, EMA | Participants were recruited to Health@NUS via email, campus posters, and word of mouth. To be eligible, participants had to (1) be a full-time student at the NUS, (2) be aged 18 to 26 years, (3) be a citizen or permanent resident of Singapore, and (4) own a smartphone compatible with the study app (ie, minimum iOS 10 o... | PMC10623229 |
EMA Details | PMC10623229 | |||
Burst 1 of EMA Surveys | GROUP B, EMA | Before burst 1 (baseline), the participants received an email to notify them of the upcoming EMA burst. A second reminder email and one push notification reminder were sent midway through the EMA burst (see the left-hand side of During burst 1, all participants received 42 EMA surveys over 10 days within a 14-day perio... | PMC10623229 | |
Burst 3 of EMA Surveys | EMA | The original 14-day schedule was condensed into 7 days, and the overall number of EMA surveys was reduced to 30 (see the right-hand side of Before the start of burst 3, participants received an SMS text message (instead of an email) notifying them of the upcoming EMA burst plus they received an SMS text message every 3... | PMC10623229 | |
Measures | EMA | At baseline, participants self-reported their age (date of birth); sex (male or female); ethnicity (Chinese, Indian, Malay, or Other); marital status (single or never married, currently married, separated but not divorced, divorced, widowed, or refuse to answer); monthly household income (<SG $2000 [US $1466], SG $2000... | PMC10623229 | |
Primary Outcome | EMA | The primary outcome measure was the response rate (ie, percentage of completed EMA surveys from all sent EMA surveys) for each burst of EMA surveys. | PMC10623229 | |
Statistical Methods | EMA | Baseline characteristics were analyzed descriptively. Separate 1-way ANOVAs were used to estimate the effect of changing the reward structure (aim 1, reward RCT) or the schedule length (aim 2, schedule length RCT) on the response rate at burst 2 and burst 3, respectively. A sensitivity analysis was conducted using anal... | PMC10623229 | |
Ethical Considerations | EMA | Ethics approval was obtained from the National Healthcare Group in Singapore (reference 2019/00285). All participants provided written informed consent before commencing the study and consented for their deidentified data to be used for research purposes. For this study, the maximum compensation available to participan... | PMC10623229 | |
Results | PMC10623229 | |||
Participant Flow | EMA | Between October 2020 and March 2021, 384 participants were recruited and enrolled into this study, and data collection was complete by October 2021.Following burst 1 and before burst 2, the participants were randomized to group A (n=96), group B (n=95), group C (n=96), or group D (n=97). Following burst 2 and before bu... | PMC10623229 | |
Discussion | PMC10623229 | |||
Principal Findings | SECONDARY, EMA | This study experimentally evaluated the effect of rewards and schedule length on EMA response rates within the context of an ongoing study implementing repeated bursts of EMA surveys. Reducing the number of days of EMA surveys led to a significantly lower response rate. However, changing the available rewards did not s... | PMC10623229 | |
Findings in Context | EMA | The finding that neither offering greater reward amounts nor reducing the schedule length led to an increase in the response rate is broadly consistent with systematic reviews of factors associated with EMA compliance [Rewards were selected as the first intervention target as the rewards available in burst 1 were low c... | PMC10623229 | |
Strengths and Limitations | HOLIDAYS, SECONDARY, BLIND, EMA | The strengths and limitations of this study should be considered. Our RCTs were embedded within an ongoing cohort study that required participants to fulfill several mandatory requirements (eg, minimum Fitbit wear time and food diary logging/mo), whereas completing the EMA surveys was optional but highly encouraged, an... | PMC10623229 | |
Conclusions | EMA | This study is one of the first to experimentally evaluate the effect of incentives and schedule length on EMA response rates. It is also the first study to consider factors related to response in the context of an ongoing prospective cohort study administering repeated bursts of EMA over a 2-year period. By embedding R... | PMC10623229 | |
Abbreviations | Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trialsecological momentary assessmentHealth PointsNational University of Singaporerandomized controlled trial | PMC10623229 | ||
Data Availability | Deidentified data that support the findings of this study may be available from the corresponding author (SME) upon reasonable request. | PMC10623229 | ||
Key Points | PMC9926359 | |||
Question | Does a dosage of 1000 IU per day compared with 400 IU per day of supplemental vitamin D in infants born with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations less than 50 nmol/L (ie, 20 ng/mL) present advantages to bone outcomes throughout infancy? | PMC9926359 | ||
Findings | SECONDARY | In this prespecified secondary analysis of a double-blinded randomized clinical trial including 139 healthy term infants, whole-body bone mineral content, lumbar spine bone mineral content and density, and bone biomarkers were not different among dosage groups from age 1 to 12 months. | PMC9926359 | |
Meaning | SECONDARY | This study supports a standard daily supplemental dose of 400 IU of vitamin D in breastfed infants in Montreal, even if born with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations less than 50 nmol/L.This prespecified secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial evaluates whether a higher dose of supplemental vitamin D (10... | PMC9926359 | |
Importance | The dose of supplemental vitamin D needed in infants born with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations less than 50 nmol/L (ie, 20 ng/mL) is unclear. | PMC9926359 | ||
Objective | To determine whether a higher dose (1000 IU vs 400 IU per day) is required in infants born with 25(OH)D concentrations less than 50 nmol/L for bone mineral accretion across infancy. | PMC9926359 | ||
Design, Setting, and Participants | SECONDARY | In this prespecified secondary analysis of a double-blinded randomized clinical trial, conducted from March 2016 to March 2019 in a single center in Greater Montreal, Quebec, Canada, a consecutive sample of 139 healthy term singletons were recruited from 866 infants screened for vitamin D status at birth. Data were ana... | PMC9926359 | |
Interventions | Capillary blood was collected 24 to 36 hours after birth to measure serum total 25(OH)D concentrations. Infants with 25(OH)D concentrations less than 50 nmol/L were randomized to receive either 1000 IU or 400 IU per day of oral vitamin D | PMC9926359 | ||
Main Outcomes and Measures | Measures at age 1, 3, 6, and 12 months were preplanned and included whole-body bone mineral content, lumbar spine bone mineral content, and bone mineral density using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and serum 25(OH)D | PMC9926359 | ||
Results | Of 139 included infants, 81 (58.3%) were male, and the median (IQR) gestational age at birth was 39.6 (38.9-40.6) weeks. A total of 49 infants were included in the 1000 IU per day group, 49 infants in the 400 IU per day group, and 41 in the reference group. Mean (SD) whole-body bone mineral content was not different be... | PMC9926359 | ||
Conclusions and Relevance | In this study, a higher dose of vitamin D supplementation in infants born with 25(OH)D concentrations less than 50 nmol/L did not present advantages to bone mass in infancy. This study supports a standard dose of 400 IU per day of vitamin D supplementation for breastfed infants in Montreal. | PMC9926359 | ||
Trial Registration | ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | PMC9926359 | ||
Introduction | Vitamin D status at birth reflects maternal-fetal transfer of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D).A dose-response relation exists between vitamin D intake and 25(OH)D concentration in infants, and the lower the initial concentration, the greater the rise in vitamin D status.The objective of this study was to compare the effe... | PMC9926359 | ||
Methods | PMC9926359 | |||
Study Design | SECONDARY | This was a prespecified secondary analysis of a double-blinded, parallel group randomized clinical parallel group trial conducted in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, from March 2016 to March 2019 and followed the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials ( | PMC9926359 | |
Participant Flow Diagram | LGA | RECRUITMENT | Participant flow diagram showing number of mother-infant dyads assessed for eligibility 24 to 36 hours after delivery, enrolled to newborn screening, screened, enrolled to the postnatal study, and allocated to either the trial group (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations less than 50 nmol/L [ie, 20 ng/mL])... | PMC9926359 |
Bone Outcomes | Whole-body (WB) and lumbar spine (LS) vertebrae L1 to L4 BMC and BMD were measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry methodology, as described elsewhere. | PMC9926359 | ||
Biochemistry | BLOOD | Blood samples from the infants and their mothers were collected, as previously reported.In infants at birth, serum total 25(OH)D concentrations were measured using an automated chemiluminescent immunoassay (LIAISON analyzer; DiaSorin), as previously reported,During the trial, infant serum (200 μL) was used to measure 2... | PMC9926359 | |
Dietary and Lifestyle Data | At baseline, maternal nutritional intake (energy, protein, carbohydrates, fat, vitamin D, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus) during pregnancy from food and supplements was assessed using a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, | PMC9926359 | ||
Statistical Analysis | REGRESSION, SKIN, SECONDARY | This analysis is the secondary objective of the trial. The primary objective was focused on lean mass outcomes, with the aim of recruiting a minimum of 46 infants per trial group and up to 74 to account for dropouts.Differences between the trial groups over time in bone outcomes (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and bi... | PMC9926359 | |
Results | Characteristics of infants and their mothers are provided in the | PMC9926359 | ||
Characteristics at Birth and at Baseline | weight gain | REGRESSION | Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; ITA, individual typology angle; 24,25(OH)Seasons are based on equinox and solstice dates for each year.Serum 25(OH)D concentrations measured using chemiluminescent immunoassay and standardized using Deming regression (standardized concentration [in nmol/L] calculated as 0.9634 [meas... | PMC9926359 |
Whole-Body Bone Mineral Content (BMC), Lumbar Spine BMC, and Lumbar Spine Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of Infant Groups Over Time | REGRESSION | Data are reported as means with SDs and were analyzed using a linear mixed-effects regression model for group-by-time interaction and time; the model included participant-level random intercepts and slopes for time. Post hoc testing showed no significant differences between trial groups over time adjusted for multiple ... | PMC9926359 | |
Biomarkers of Calcium and Bone Metabolism of Infant Groups Over Time | REGRESSION | Data are reported as means with SDs and were analyzed using a linear mixed-effects regression model for group-by-time interaction and time; the model included participant-level random intercepts and slopes for time. Post hoc testing showed no differences between trial groups over time. The 1000 IU per day group and 400... | PMC9926359 | |
Discussion | SECONDARY | In the absence of robust trials investigating the effect of a dose of vitamin D supplementation higher than the standard of care (400 IU per day) on bone mineral accretion and density in infants born with 25(OH)D concentrations less than 50 nmol/L, this prespecified secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial pro... | PMC9926359 | |
Strengths and Limitations | Strengths of this study are its design that implemented targeted entrance criteria on the basis of serum 25(OH)D concentrations less than 50 nmol/L at birth and that it provides valuable data on bone mass, calcium homeostasis, and multiple vitamin D metabolites in infancy. This study also has limitations. Outcomes were... | PMC9926359 | ||
Conclusions | In conclusion, in infants with 25(OH)D concentrations less than 50 nmol/L at birth, both 400 and 1000 IU per day of vitamin D supplementation normalized and maintained 25(OH)D concentrations that align with skeletal health. The 1000 IU per day dosage of vitamin D supplementation did not lead to measurable improvements ... | PMC9926359 | ||
1. Introduction | obesity, obese, overweight, weight loss | OBESITY, OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY, OBESE | Studies investigating the effect of multispecies synbiotic supplementation in obesity management are limited. The current study was performed to evaluate the effects of multispecies probiotics mixed with fructooligosaccharides on body composition, antioxidant status, and gut microbiome composition in overweight and obe... | PMC10141052 |
2. Materials and Methods | PMC10141052 | |||
2.1. Participants | The study recruited participants from Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok, Thailand, through social media advertisements. Inclusion criteria for participants were: (1) being between the ages of 18 and 45, and (2) having a body mass index (BMI) between 23 and 30 kg/m | PMC10141052 | ||
2.2. Study Design | overweight | OBESE | A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel design was conducted on overweight and obese individuals between March 2021 and January 2022 at Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok, Thailand. The total sample size required for this study was calculated to be In the current study, a total of 80 individuals were ... | PMC10141052 |
2.3. Body Composition Assessment | Body weight, body mass index (BMI), and body fat percentage were assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) (TANITA BC-402, Tokyo, Japan) while participants were dressed in light clothing and no shoes [ | PMC10141052 | ||
2.4. Biochemical Assessment | BLOOD, OXIDATIVE STRESS | We collected venous blood samples using sodium fluoride and EDTA blood collection tubes for plasma samples and no anticoagulant tubes for serum samples. Blood samples were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 15 min at 4 °C, and the plasma and serum were aliquoted and stored at −20 °C for further analysis. Plasma glucose, serum... | PMC10141052 | |
2.5. Gut Microbiome Analysis | Stool samples were obtained from all participants, who were instructed to self-collect the specimens at home. Stools (100 g) from each participant were collected and stored at −80 °C in tubes containing DNA/RNA Shield™ solution (Zymo Research, Irvine, CA, USA). Participants were also provided with a poster describing t... | PMC10141052 | ||
2.6. Dietary Assessment | At baseline and at weeks 6 and 12 of the study, participants were asked to complete a three-day dietary record (two weekdays and one weekend day) to estimate calorie intake. Additionally, all participants were asked to complete a 24 h dietary recall to ensure they maintained their intake and to reduce any bias from the... | PMC10141052 | ||
2.7. Statistical Analysis | Data are represented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was applied to ensure a normal distribution of body composition, biochemical blood profiles, and gut microbiota composition. A paired sample | PMC10141052 | ||
3. Results | PMC10141052 | |||
3.1. Participant Characteristics | Eighty participants were recruited for the study ( | PMC10141052 | ||
3.2. Body Composition Measurement | The consumption of synbiotics for 12 weeks resulted in a significant decrease in waist circumference ( | PMC10141052 | ||
3.4. Dietary Measurement | The results of the dietary assessment, conducted after subjects consumed synbiotics, are presented in | PMC10141052 | ||
4. Discussion | obesity, obese, Obesity-related metabolic disturbances, overweight, weight loss | OBESITY, OXIDATIVE STRESS, OBESE | Recent research has indicated that synbiotic interventions may be a promising approach for overweight and obesity management [The study highlights the potential benefits of a multispecies synbiotic intervention, combining probiotic bacteria (Changes in calorie intake can potentially impact alterations in waist circumfe... | PMC10141052 |
5. Conclusions | The synbiotic treatment showed notable improvement in body composition (waist circumference and body fat percentage), antioxidant status, and gut microbiota ( | PMC10141052 | ||
Supplementary Materials | The following supporting information can be downloaded at: Click here for additional data file. | PMC10141052 | ||
Author Contributions | Conceptualization, P.O., S.N., T.S. and S.A.; Data curation, P.O., P.C. and V.S.; Investigation, P.O., P.C. and V.S.; Methodology, P.O., T.S., S.P. and S.A.; Formal analysis, P.O., P.C., S.P., C.C. and V.S.; Supervisor, S.A. and T.S.; Writing—original draft preparation and writing—review and editing, P.O., T.S., C.C., ... | PMC10141052 | ||
Institutional Review Board Statement | COA No. | The study was approved by the office of the Ethics Review Committee for Research Involving Human Research Subjects, Human Science Group, Chulalongkorn University (COA No. 276/2563). | PMC10141052 | |
Informed Consent Statement | All participants provided written informed consent in this study. | PMC10141052 | ||
Data Availability Statement | The data presented in the manuscript are available on request from corresponding author. | PMC10141052 | ||
Conflicts of Interest | The authors declare no conflict of interest. | PMC10141052 | ||
References | overweight | OBESE | The CONSORT flow diagram of the study.Effect of 12-week synbiotic intervention on gut microbiota composition in overweight and obese subjects. (Percent relative abundance of dominant phylum across second treatment groups. (Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) using Bray–Curtis distances demonstrates the beta diversity ... | PMC10141052 |
Abstract | PMC10291993 | |||
Objective | anal fistula | LYMPHOMA | In this study, we investigated the impact of Zibai ointment on wound healing by analyzing the expression levels of two key apoptosis‐related factors—B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2) and Bcl‐2‐associated X protein (Bax), in patients following surgery for anal fistula. | PMC10291993 |
Methods | We included 90 patients with anal fistulas who were treated in the People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Patients were randomly assigned to receive treatment with Zibai ointment ( | PMC10291993 | ||
Results | The results of ELISA showed that on Day 21 after the surgery, the levels of Bcl‐2 and Bax in the Zibai ointment group were significantly different compared to the petroleum jelly group, with values of (60.11 ± 1.31) ng/mL and (7.05 ± 0.01) versus (83.79 ± 1.74) ng/mL and (6.00 ± 0.05) ng/mL, respectively ( | PMC10291993 | ||
Conclusion | fistula | We found that Zibai ointment effectively promoted wound healing in patients following anal fistula surgery, possibly by regulating Bcl‐2 and Bax apoptosis‐related factors.In this study, we found that Zibai ointment effectively promoted wound healing in patients after anal fistula surgery, possibly by regulating Bcl‐2 a... | PMC10291993 | |
INTRODUCTION | anal fistula, fistula | DISEASES | Common anorectal diseases like anal fistula can only be treated surgically. However, postoperative wound healing can be challenging and unpleasant due to the anatomical features of the lesion site and the surrounding area. Patients experience a great deal of discomfort due to the lengthy postoperative recovery period. ... | PMC10291993 |
MATERIALS AND METHODS | PMC10291993 | |||
Clinical materials | PMC10291993 | |||
Diagnostic criteria | anal fistula | The diagnostic criteria for anal fistula used in this study are based on the | PMC10291993 | |
Inclusion criteria | anal fistula, fistula, abnormal anal morphology and function | LOCAL INFILTRATION | (1) Patients who met the above diagnostic criteria for anal fistula; (2) Patient aged > 18 years and <60 years; (3) The surgical method used was conventional anal fistula resection; (4) All surgeries were performed under either local infiltration anesthesia or lumbar anesthesia; (5) Patients without previous history of... | PMC10291993 |
Exclusion criteria | allergic, perianal eczema, anal papilloma, malignant tumors, psychiatric | PERIANAL ABSCESS, GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS, RECTAL POLYPS, ANAL FISSURE, MALIGNANT TUMORS, DISEASES, CHRONIC DIARRHEA | (1) Patients with other anal diseases, such as anal fissure, perianal abscess, perianal eczema, rectal polyps, anal papilloma; (2) Patients suffering from chronic diarrhea or other gastrointestinal infections; (3) Patients diagnosed with malignant tumors in the body; (4) Patients with diseases affecting vital organs su... | PMC10291993 |
General data | The study was approved by Ethics Committee of the People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of TCM. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. (2020‐048‐02). Patients were randomly assigned to either the Zibai ointment group (Comparison of Gender and Age between the Two Groups. | PMC10291993 | ||
Methods | PMC10291993 | |||
Treatment methods | MYZZ, Z06106031, fistula | Surgical method: First, use a probe to gently probe along the direction of the fistula from the outer opening, pass through the entire fistula, and reach the inner opening. Cut all fistulas along the direction of the probe and open the entire length of the fistula. Make incisions on both sides of the skin of the open f... | PMC10291993 | |
Experimental methods | We collected granulation tissue samples from both groups on Days 7, 14, and 21 postsurgery to analyze Bcl‐2 and Bax levels using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and to measure granulation tissue apoptosis using the TUNEL assay.We used Human B lymphocytoma‐2 (Bcl‐2) ELISA kit (enzyme immunoassay, MM‐0381H1) B ... | PMC10291993 | ||
ELISA method for detecting the expression of Bcl‐2 and Bax | An appropriate amount of tissue was collected for later use after removal of blood, and weighed and transferred into a glass homogenizer. The tissue was rinsed with 5–10 mL of precooled PBS (0.01 M, pH = 7.4) to eliminate any residual blood and then ground thoroughly. The prepared homogenate was centrifuged at 5000 | PMC10291993 | ||
TUNEL assay for assessing cell apoptosis in granulation tissue postsurgery | The granulation tissue was prepared for apoptosis detection by fixing it, embedding in paraffin, and sectioning and dewaxing with xylene. It was then digested with trypsin, incubated with the TUNEL reaction solution at 37°C for 1 h, then incubated with peroxidase antibody at 37°C for 30 min; diamine benzidine (DAB) was... | PMC10291993 | ||
Statistical analysis | We used SPSS 25.0 software for the data analysis. Measurement data are expressed as mean values and the means of two samples were compared using the | PMC10291993 | ||
RESULTS | PMC10291993 | |||
Levels of Bcl‐2 and Bax in the two groups after surgery | The levels of Bcl‐2 gradually decreased and those of Bax gradually increased in both groups over time. On Day 21 post‐surgery, there were significant differences in the expression levels of Bcl‐2 and Bax between the groups (Expression Levels of Bcl‐2 and Bax in the postoperative tissues of the two groups.The expression... | PMC10291993 | ||
TUNEL assay results on cell apoptosis in wound granulation tissue | On Day 14 post‐surgery, samples from the Zibai ointment group showed signs of apoptosis (brown‐yellow cells with nuclei) under light microscopy, including chromatin condensation (arrangement close to the karyotheca in a hemisphere‐shaped, crescent‐shaped or sickle‐shaped manner), cytoplasmic pyknosis, reduced cell volu... | PMC10291993 | ||
Comparison of postoperative healing time and clinical efficacy between the two groups | There was no significant difference in clinical efficacy between the two groups (Comparison of Postoperative Healing Time and Clinical Efficacy between the Two Groups. | PMC10291993 | ||
DISCUSSION | postoperative pain, fever, swelling, toxicity, edema, anorectal disorder, necrotic, pain, anorectal disorders, pruritus, fistula, dryness, sores | HEAT, EDEMA, ANORECTAL DISORDER, NECROTIC, ANORECTAL DISORDERS, PERIANAL ABSCESS, STASIS, DISEASES, COMPLICATIONS, INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE | Anal fistula is an anorectal disorder with high incidence, characterized by the formation of an abnormal tunnel between the rectum or anal canal and surrounding skin. Perianal abscess, pruritus, and pain are some of its clinical signs. Systemic inflammatory reactions, fever, and other symptoms may also be present in mo... | PMC10291993 |
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS | PMC10291993 | |||
CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT | The authors declare no conflict of interest. | PMC10291993 | ||
ETHICS STATEMENT | The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki(as was revised in 2013). The study was approved by Ethics Committee of the People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants (2020‐048‐02). | PMC10291993 | ||
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | We are particularly grateful to all the people who have given us help on our article. Special project of the Chinese medicine clinical research base of the People's Hospital affiliated to the Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, project number: JDZX201938. | PMC10291993 | ||
REFERENCES | PMC10291993 | |||
1. Introduction | hedonic sensations, dyspepsia, functional gut disorders, satiety, fullness | These authors contributed equally to this work.Background. Meal ingestion induces a postprandial experience that involves homeostatic and hedonic sensations. Our aim was to determine the effect of aversive conditioning on the postprandial reward of a comfort meal. Methods: A sham-controlled, randomised, parallel, singl... | PMC10221585 | |
2. Material and Methods | PMC10221585 | |||
2.1. Experimental Design | A sham-controlled, randomised, parallel, single-blind study on the effect of aversive conditioning on the responses to a comfort meal in healthy women was performed in a tertiary referral centre between February and August 2021. The research was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki. The protocol for the s... | PMC10221585 | ||
2.2. Participants | gastrointestinal symptoms, non-obese | Twelve, non-obese, non-dieting and weight-stable women (6 per group), without history of gastrointestinal symptoms were recruited by public advertising to participate in the study. For this pilot, proof-of-concept study, only women were included for the sake of homogeneity and because some data indicate that they are m... | PMC10221585 | |
2.3. Experimental Paradigm | Participants were informed that the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of meal composition on the postprandial responses and that a nasoduodenal tube was used to evaluate gastric outflow. Participants were informed that two recipes of a tasty humus with different compositions would be tested; however, the s... | PMC10221585 |
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