title stringlengths 1 1.19k | keywords stringlengths 0 668 | concept stringlengths 0 909 | paragraph stringlengths 0 61.8k | PMID stringlengths 10 11 |
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Validity of the VR cue exposure scene | AD | We recruited 30 AD patients to undergo cue exposure through this VR cue exposure scene. The results showed that all AD patients reported that the scene was realistic, and the scene effectively induced the cue reactivity of AD patients. | PMC10726483 | |
Participants | PMC10726483 | |||
Sample size | alcohol-dependent | The estimated sample size was calculated using the G*Power 3.1.9.7 sample size calculator. Sample size calculation was based on Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test (two groups), whereby the type I error was 0.05, the power was 0.8, the allocation ratio was 1:1, and the effect size was set as 0.84, which was cited from a randomi... | PMC10726483 | |
Recruit participants | cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, psychiatric, alcohol dependence, epilepsy | MAY, ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL, EPILEPSY | From May 2022 to October 2022, 57 male patients with alcohol dependence who were hospitalized in the Fifth Department of Psychiatry, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University were recruited and divided into the study group (n = 29) and the control group (n = 28) according to a random number table.Inclus... | PMC10726483 |
Research technique | PMC10726483 | |||
Measurement tools | A questionnaire was developed to collect general demographic information about the patient such as age, ethnicity, years of education, employment status, etc. as well as information on alcohol use including age of first drink, cumulative duration of use, duration of dependence, type of alcohol consumed, and dose of alc... | PMC10726483 | ||
Procedure | ’ alcohol, alcohol-dependent, AD, alcohol dependence | ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCES | VR cue exposure procedure: The researcher first briefly introduced the experimental procedure to the patients, conducted a simple training for the patients, instructed the patients on the operation method of the VR handle, and instructed the patients to choose a comfortable position to sit on the chair. Alcohol was use... | PMC10726483 |
Statistical method | SPSS22.0 statistical software was used for data analysis, the Shapiro‒Wilk test was used for the normality test, and the measurement data conforming to the normal distribution were expressed as the mean ± standard deviation ( | PMC10726483 | ||
Results | PMC10726483 | |||
General information | A total of 44 patients completed the study, 23 patients in the study group and 21 patients in the control group. 6 patients in the study group were dropped, 4 patients were automatically dropped during the study and 2 patients had missing data due to instrument failure. 7 patients in the control group were dropped, 4 p... | PMC10726483 | ||
Comparison of VAS and physiological indicators before and after cue exposure before treatment | After VR cue exposure, the score of patients’ subjective psychological craving level 5.00 (2.00, 7.88) was significantly higher than that before exposure 2.00 (0.00, 3.75), the heart rate 87.67 ± 11.72 beats/min was significantly faster than that before exposure 83.64 ± 12.07 beats/min, the skin conductance 3.14 (1.42,... | PMC10726483 | ||
Discussion | PMC10726483 | |||
Feasibility of the VR cue exposure scene | In this study, it was found that before treatment, the VAS score of patients after cue exposure was significantly higher than that before exposure, heart rate was significantly faster than that before exposure, skin conductance was significantly higher than that before exposure, and respiration was significantly faster... | PMC10726483 | ||
Effects of virtual reality-based cue exposure therapy | DISORDERS | Currently, studies in the field of substance use disorders have mainly evaluated the effectiveness of CET as follows [In this study, there were no significant differences in the changes in heart rate, skin conductance, and respiration before and after cue exposure before treatment ( | PMC10726483 | |
Deficiencies and prospects | alcohol-dependent, AD | However, there are some deficiencies in this study. First, the sample size of this study is small, and the study subjects are all male AD patients, resulting in the effect of VR cues exposed to induce and treat alcohol craving being gender different and not universal. Second, this study did not design a traditional CET... | PMC10726483 | |
Acknowledgements | The authors would like to express appreciation to all the participants and researchers who made this work possible, with special thanks to the medical and nursing staff of the Department of Psychiatry V and the Psychological Counselling Centre of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University for their h... | PMC10726483 | ||
Author Contributions | Junjun Zhang, Wenhui Li and Chuansheng Wang made substantial contributions to the conception and design of the work. Junjun Zhang, Ming Chen, Junli Yan, Chaojun Wang and Jiapeng Gu made substantial contributions to the data collection. Hongdu Deng and Dan Wang analyzed and interpreted the data. Junjun Zhang and Jiali W... | PMC10726483 | ||
Funding | Psychiatric | DISEASES | This work was supported by the Project of the Xinxiang Science and Technology Tackling Programme (GG2020037, GG2021032), the Open Project of Henan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Centre for Psychiatric and Mental Diseases (2021-zxkfkt-003), and the Open Project of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Discipline of Second A... | PMC10726483 |
Data Availability | The datasets generated and analysed during the current study are not publicly available due to patient privacy regulations but are available from the corresponding authors on reasonable request. | PMC10726483 | ||
Declarations | PMC10726483 | |||
Ethics approval and consent to participate | The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (XYEFYLL-Scientific research section-2021-06) on 24/02/2021 and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and subsequent revisions. That is, all experiments were condu... | PMC10726483 | ||
Consent for publication | Not applicable. | PMC10726483 | ||
Competing interests | The authors declare no competing interests. | PMC10726483 | ||
References | PMC10726483 | |||
Key Points | PMC9926328 | |||
Question | Δ9-THC | Are there acute pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic differences between oral ingestion of a Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC)-dominant cannabis extract compared with a cannabidiol (CBD)-dominant extract at the same Δ9-THC dose (20 mg) in healthy adults who use cannabis infrequently? | PMC9926328 | |
Findings | Δ9-THC, impairment of cognitive and psychomotor ability | In this randomized clinical trial including 18 adult participants, ingestion of 20 mg Δ9-THC + 640 mg CBD resulted in stronger subjective drug effects, greater impairment of cognitive and psychomotor ability, and greater increase in heart rate relative to 20 mg Δ9-THC alone and placebo. These effects appear to be media... | PMC9926328 | |
Meaning | Δ9-THC | These findings suggest that high doses (>600 mg) of oral CBD can inhibit the metabolism of oral Δ9-THC, resulting in stronger drug effects compared with Δ9-THC in the absence of CBD. | PMC9926328 | |
Importance | Controlled clinical laboratory studies have shown that cannabidiol (CBD) can sometimes attenuate or exacerbate the effects of | PMC9926328 | ||
Objective | PD | To compare the PK and PD of orally administered | PMC9926328 | |
Design, Setting, and Participants | This randomized clinical trial was a within-participant, double-blind, crossover study conducted from January 2021 to March 2022 at the Johns Hopkins University Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Baltimore, MD. Eighteen healthy adults completed 3 randomized outpatient experimental test sessions that were each separ... | PMC9926328 | ||
Interventions | Brownies containing (1) no cannabis extract (ie, placebo); (2) | PMC9926328 | ||
Main Outcomes and Measures | Change-from-baseline plasma concentrations for | PMC9926328 | ||
Results | PD | The participant cohort of 18 adults included 11 males (61.1%) and 7 females (38.9%) with a mean (SD) age of 30 (7) years who had not used cannabis for at least 30 days prior to initiation of the study (mean [SD] day since last cannabis use, 86 [66] days). The CYP cocktail + placebo brownie and the CYP cocktail did not ... | PMC9926328 | |
Conclusions and Relevance | In this randomized clinical trial of oral | PMC9926328 | ||
Trial Registration | clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: | PMC9926328 | ||
Introduction | PD, Δ9-THC, cognitive and psychomotor performance | SECONDARY | Globally, the reform of laws regulating cannabis products and their constituent chemical components has increased access to these products and decreased the stigma associated with their use. As of this writing, 37 US states and Washington, DC, have legalized the use of cannabis for recreational and/or medicinal purpose... | PMC9926328 |
Methods | This randomized clinical trial followed the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials ( | PMC9926328 | ||
Participants | allergies | ALLERGIES | Study volunteers were recruited via media advertisements and word-of-mouth communication. Inclusion criteria for the study were: (1) being 18 to 50 years of age; (2) having a body mass index (BMI, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) between 18 and 34; (3) past experience with cannabis... | PMC9926328 |
Study Design and Procedures | This within-participant, double-blind crossover study was conducted from January 2021 to March 2022 at the Johns Hopkins Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit. The trial protocol is available in | PMC9926328 | ||
Flow Diagram of Trial Participants | CBD indicates cannabidiol; THC, tetrahydrocannabinol.At the beginning of each session, participants arrived at approximately 7:30 | PMC9926328 | ||
Cannabis Extracts and Study Drugs | Two different whole-plant cannabis extracts were obtained from the NIDA Drug Supply Program. The Δ9-THC-dominant cannabis extract contained 70% Δ9-THC, 2.7% cannabigerol (CBG), 1.5% cannabinol (CBN), less than 1% tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), cannabichromene (CBC), and Δ8-THC, and no detectable CBD. The CBD-dominant c... | PMC9926328 | ||
Outcome Measures | PD | BLOOD, DRUG EFFECT | A subjective drug effect questionnaire was administered, and vitals and blood were sampled at baseline and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours after CYP cocktail administration. A battery of PD assessments was completed at baseline and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours after CYP cocktail administration ... | PMC9926328 |
Statistical Analysis | PD, Δ9-THC | SECONDARY, DRUG EFFECT | A power analysis was conducted prior to the start of the study, which estimated that a total of 18 participants would provide 84% power to detect a 25% change in the primary outcome for this study (ie, losartan AUC), assuming 20% intra-individual variability, and a Type 1 error rate of .05. Power justification for the ... | PMC9926328 |
Results | Thirty-six volunteers signed informed consent. Of the 22 randomized participants, 18 (11 [61.1%] males and 7 [38.9%] females) completed the study (For plasma C | PMC9926328 | ||
Mean Plasma Concentration vs Time Profiles for (A) Δ9-THC, (B) 11-OH-Δ9-THC, and (C) Δ9-THC-COOH | PD, Δ9-THC | Mean plasma concentration vs time profiles for (A) Δ9-THC, (B) 11-OH-Δ9-THC, and (C) Δ9-THC-COOH. Horizontal axes are not accurate time scales and represent the time points at which subjective drug effects were assessed following cannabis administration. Panels D, E, and F depict area under-the-curve ratios of 11-OH-Δ9... | PMC9926328 | |
Change From Baseline Mean Ratings for the Visual Analog Scale Items (A) Drug Effect, (B) Pleasant Drug Effect, and (C) Unpleasant Drug Effect From the Drug Effect Questionnaire Displayed Over Time | Scores ranged from 0 (not at all) to 100 (extremely). Error bars indicate standard error of the means. Horizontal axes are not accurate time scales and represent the time points at which subjective drug effects were assessed following cannabis administration. The sample size was 18 for all outcomes. CBD indicates canna... | PMC9926328 | ||
Mean Peak Change From Baseline Values for Pharmacodynamic Measures | DRUG EFFECT | Abbreviations: CBD, cannabidiol; DAT, divided attention task; DEQ, drug effect questionnaire; DSST, digit symbol substitution task; PASAT, paced serial addition task; THC, tetrahydrocannabinol.No. = 18 for total sample.Significant difference from placebo (Significant difference between Δ-9-THC and Δ-9-THC/CBD (The main... | PMC9926328 | |
Change From Baseline Mean Total Correct on (A) the Digit Symbol Substitution Task (DSST) and (B) Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT), the Average Distance From the Central Stimulus From the (C) Divided Attention Task (DAT), and the Beats Per Minute (BPM) for (D) Heart Rate | Lower scores indicate worse performance relative to baseline in Panels A and B. Higher scores indicate worse performance relative to baseline in Panel C. Error bars indicate standard error of the means. Horizontal axes are not accurate time scales and represent the time points at which subjective drug effects were asse... | PMC9926328 | ||
Discussion | PD, Δ9-THC | Given the growing popularity of cannabis edibles and oral formulations for therapeutic and nontherapeutic use, controlled research characterizing the acute PK and PD of cannabis products that vary in chemical composition other than Δ9-THC is critical. Research is particularly needed to understand the association of CBD... | PMC9926328 | |
Limitations | PD, Δ9-THC | ADVERSE EFFECTS | This study has limitations. First, a single dose of Δ9-THC (20 mg) and CBD (640 mg) was administered, and a CBD only condition was lacking. Future studies comparing multiple doses and ratios of Δ9-THC and CBD are needed to determine the generality of the observed associations, as well as the dose threshold for clinical... | PMC9926328 |
Conclusions | PD, Δ9-THC | ADVERSE EFFECTS | In this randomized clinical trial, plasma exposure to Δ9-THC, 11-OH-Δ9-THC, and Δ9-THC-COOH following ingestion of Δ9-THC + CBD was greater than that following ingestion of Δ9-THC and placebo. Consequently, participants experienced greater increases in subjective drug effects, impairment of cognitive and psychomotor pe... | PMC9926328 |
Background | death | DISEASES, ATHEROSCLEROSIS, CARDIOVASCULAR MORBIDITY | Diseases affecting the cardiovascular system are the most common cause of death worldwide. In addition to classical risk factors of atherosclerosis, long-term exposure to particulate matter with particles of size up to 10 µm (PM10) in the atmosphere has become an increasing focus of scientific attention in recent decad... | PMC10318761 |
Methods | The “German Epidemiological Trial on Ankle Brachial Index” (getABI) is a prospective cohort study that started in 2001 and included 6,880 primary care patients with a follow-up of 7 years. The PM10 and nitrogen dioxide (NO | PMC10318761 | ||
Results | death | A total of 6,819 getABI patients were included in this analysis. 1,243 of them died during the study period. The hazard ratio (HR) (1.218, 95%-confidence-interval (CI) 0.949–1.562) for the risk of death from any cause was elevated by 22% per 10 µg/m | PMC10318761 | |
Conclusions | Our analysis renders some hints for the impact of air pollutants (PM10, NO | PMC10318761 | ||
Trial registration | DRKS00029733 | German Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00029733 (19/09/2022). | PMC10318761 | |
Keywords | Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. | PMC10318761 | ||
Introduction | death, cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, pulmonary diseases, peripheral artery disease, glucose tolerance disorders, deaths, coronary heart disease, coronary artery disease, Atherosclerotic | DISEASES, PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE, ELEVATED CHOLESTEROL, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, OXIDATIVE STRESS, DISEASES, DIABETES MELLITUS, PULMONARY DISEASES, EVENTS, CARDIOVASCULAR MORBIDITY, CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE, ELEVATED BLOOD PRESSURE, ATHEROSCLEROSIS, CORONARY HEART DISEASE, ARTERIAL HYPERTENSIO... | Diseases affecting the cardiovascular system are the most common cause of death worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 17.9 million people died from cardiovascular diseases in 2016. Therefore, almost one in three deaths of the total number of people who died in 2016 (56.9 million deaths worldwide)... | PMC10318761 |
Data and methods | PMC10318761 | |||
Study population | death, cardiovascular disease | EVENTS, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE | The getABI study is a prospective cohort study that started in 2001 and aimed to determine the association between the ankle brachial index (ABI) and cardiovascular events in primary care patients. 34 angiology specialists recruited primary care physicians from 344 practices all over Germany. In October 2001, at least ... | PMC10318761 |
Air pollutants exposure and proximity to major road | The PM10 and NORegarding the proximity to major roads, geographers of the Ruhr University Bochum converted the places of residence of the getABI participants into Gauss-Krueger coordinates, and the distances to major roads were generated with the help of the "Functional Road Classes" from the StreetPro_EMEA program. Th... | PMC10318761 | ||
Definition of adjustment variables | PAD | PAD, EVENTS, DIABETES MELLITUS | Adjustment was performed in two a priori defined adjustment steps. Model 1 with adjustment for the variables age, sex, and one or more air pollutants formed the first step and is referred to as "basic adjustment" in the further course. Model 2 was labeled as "full adjustment" and additionally included the education sta... | PMC10318761 |
Outcomes | apoplexy, death, PAD | MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, EVENT, APOPLEXY, PAD, REGRESSION | The primary outcome in this analysis was death from any cause. Secondary, we investigated the impact of air pollutants and of proximity to major roads on the combined endpoint of death from any cause and cardio-vascular morbidity. The latter was defined as a new event of myocardial infarction, apoplexy, coronary or car... | PMC10318761 |
Statistical methods | ABI, PAD | REGRESSION, PAD, EVENTS, EVENT | Patients’ characteristics at baseline are also presented for subgroups defined by the quartiles of PM10 exposure in the study population.To investigate the relationship between the different exposure factors and mortality or incidence of PAD, survival times were modeled by Cox proportional hazards regression, briefly r... | PMC10318761 |
Results | PMC10318761 | |||
Secondary Outcomes | PMC10318761 | |||
Discussion | This work found some hints for the impact of air pollutants (PM10, NO | PMC10318761 | ||
Particulate matter | stroke, death, hypertension | DIABETES MELLITUS, STROKE, HYPERTENSION, PAD | In 2019, the annual average PM10 value in Germany fell below 20 µg/mAn effect of long-term PM10 exposure on mortality, although lower than expected, cannot be dismissed. Several articles show a strong association of PM10 exposure with the incidence of stroke and an increase in the intima thickness of the carotid artery... | PMC10318761 |
Nitrogen dioxide | In 2019, an annual average value for traffic-related areas of 35 µg/mBy adjustment for PM10 and the distance to the nearest major road, the low effect of NO | PMC10318761 | ||
Distance to major road | REGRESSION | Several studies described a significant decrease in PM2.5, ultrafine particles, black carbon, and NOThe strength of our study lies in the cohort of unselected patients from all regions in Germany and the consideration of environmental pollutants, combining the influence of long-term background exposure and likely short... | PMC10318761 | |
Conclusions | Our analysis provides some hints for the impact of air pollutants (PM10, NO | PMC10318761 | ||
Acknowledgements | Not applicable. | PMC10318761 | ||
Authors’ contributions | HJT and MT were investigators of the study. DK, HJT, and UT did the conceptualization of this work. Data collection and data curation was done by RKM, HR, and MT. Methodology was developed by DK, RKM, UT and HR. MD conducted the formal analysis and wrote the original draft of the manuscript, which was edited by DK and ... | PMC10318761 | ||
Funding | Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. | PMC10318761 | ||
Availability of data and materials | Request for sharing the trial data can be addressed to the corresponding author and will be considered on an individual basis by the authors. | PMC10318761 | ||
Declarations | PMC10318761 | |||
Ethics approval and consent to participate | The Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty of the Ruhr University Bochum approved this research project on humans (registration no. 18–6363) on July 10, 2018. Informed consent was obtained from all patients and/or their legal guardian(s). All methods and examinations of this study were carried out in accordance with r... | PMC10318761 | ||
Consent for publication | Not applicable. | PMC10318761 | ||
Competing interests | The authors have no competing interests as defined by BMC, or other interests that might be perceived to influence the results and/or discussion reported in this paper. | PMC10318761 | ||
References | PMC10318761 | |||
Design, setting, participants | depression, MM, pain | Randomized, single-blinded, controlled study was conducted on 60 LE participants at university hospital. The active MM group (n = 30) received corticosteroid injection with DTFM and active Mill’s manipulation (MM) three sessions a week for 4 weeks and the sham MM group received corticosteroid injection with sham manipu... | PMC9925075 | |
Results | depression, injury, functional disability, pain | The between-group difference in pain intensity at 4 weeks was 1.6 (CI 95% 0.97 to 2.22), which shows improvement in the active group than sham group. The similar effects have been noted after 8 weeks and at 6 months 2.0 (CI 95% 1.66 to 2.33) follow up in pain intensity. Similar improvements were also found on percentag... | PMC9925075 | |
Conclusion | depression, injury, functional disability, pain | Corticosteroid injection with DTFM and Mill’s manipulation was superior to sham group for improving pain, percentage of injury, functional disability, handgrip strength, patient perception, kinesiophobia, depression status and quality of life in people with lateral epicondylalgia. | PMC9925075 | |
Data Availability | All relevant data are within the paper and its | PMC9925075 | ||
1. Introduction | inflammation, pain | RECURRENCE, INFLAMMATION, DISEASE, TENNIS ELBOW, LATERAL EPICONDYLITIS | Lateral epicondylalgia (LE), is a common musculoskeletal condition with clinical symptoms of pain and inflammation over the proximal attachment of the wrist extensor tendon of the humerus. It is frequently known as “lateral epicondylitis” or “tennis elbow” and maximum incidences occur between 30 and 65 years of the age... | PMC9925075 |
2. Materials and methods | PMC9925075 | |||
2.1 Trial design | This trial was a prospectively registered, randomized, parallel group, sham controlled trial executed at department of physical therapy, college of applied medical sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia. Participants were recruited between 1 | PMC9925075 | ||
2.2 Participants | fracture, psychiatric, pain | DISEASES | The participants were invited by sending personal email or mobile call and they were recruited from University hospital and King Khalid hospital, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia by an orthopedic surgeon. They were informed about the harms and benefits of the research through an information form. Subjects who consented to partic... | PMC9925075 |
Flow chart showing the study details. | PMC9925075 | |||
2.3 Interventions | Following corticosteroid injection, the recommended physical therapy was given for 4 weeks, after which the participants were asked to exercise at home for another 4 weeks. The participants maintained an exercise log book during the study period. | PMC9925075 | ||
2.3.1 Corticosteroid injection | A physical examination was performed by an orthopedic surgeon before the administration of injection. 1 ml Triamcinolone Acetonide (10 mg/ml) (Kenacort- A 10) with 1 ml Lignocaine (1%) was administered into the most palpably tender point in the region of the lateral epicondyle [ | PMC9925075 | ||
2.3.2 Physical therapy | pain | A week after the injection the participants started with the physical therapy interventions. All participants received the respective physical therapy for 3 sessions per week for 4 weeks, each session lasted for 30 to 40 minutes.All the participants underwent baseline evaluation of variables before the administration o... | PMC9925075 | |
Appendix A–Theraband exercises. | PMC9925075 | |||
2.4 Outcome measures | PMC9925075 | |||
2.5 Sample size | pain | The sample size was calculated using a previous pilot study conducted in the department with primary outcome data of pain intensity measured with VAS scores. The | PMC9925075 | |
2.6 Blinding | BLIND | Due to the design and settings of the study, it is not possible to blind the treating therapist involved in the study. The participants and the therapist who is assessing the outcomes at baseline, after 4 weeks, 8 weeks and at 6 months were blinded. Subjects were instructed not to disclose the study procedures and trea... | PMC9925075 | |
2.7 Statistical analysis | RECRUITMENT | The data analysis was performed by a statistician who did not participate in the recruitment, evaluation and treatment aspects of the study. The study homogeneity was analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The data analysis was performed on an intention-to-treat basis. For the missing data, results obtained in the... | PMC9925075 | |
3. Results | PMC9925075 | |||
3.1 Flow of participants through the study | Flow of study participants throughout the trial is depicted in | PMC9925075 |
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