title stringlengths 1 1.19k | keywords stringlengths 0 668 | concept stringlengths 0 909 | paragraph stringlengths 0 61.8k | PMID stringlengths 10 11 |
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Results | Compared to viewing positive images, viewing negative images resulted in significantly greater perceived harm of nicotine ( | PMC10540020 | ||
Conclusions | Negative imagery in Instagram posts about EVALI may convey the risks of vaporized product use and discourage young adults from this behavior, regardless of the valence of the post’s text. Public health messaging regarding EVALI on Instagram should emphasize the risk of cannabis vaporizer use, as young adults may otherw... | PMC10540020 | ||
Introduction | Lung Injury | DISEASES | The prevalence of nicotine vaporizer use (ie, e-cigarette use, commonly called nicotine “vaping”) is higher among young (versus older) adults [Concerns about the health effects of nicotine vaporizer use rose during an outbreak of e-cigarette or Vaping Associated Lung Injury (EVALI) that made headlines in 2019 and 2020 ... | PMC10540020 |
Methods | PMC10540020 | |||
Participants | We recruited participants (N=1229) aged 18 to 25 (mean 21.40, SD 2.22) years through Qualtrics Research Services, oversampling participants who reported ever using nicotine or cannabis vaporizers (618/1229, 50.3%). To be eligible, participants also had to be 18-25 years old and report using Instagram at least weekly. | PMC10540020 | ||
Ethics Approval | This study was reviewed and approved by the University of California, San Francisco institutional review board (IRB 11-06516). All participants read and provided electronic informed consent on Qualtrics before proceeding with the survey and random assignment to an experimental condition. Participants were assured confi... | PMC10540020 | ||
Experimental Stimuli | POSITIVE | We derived the 3 Instagram posts that participants viewed from images and text posted on Instagram by 3 young adults in the United States whose experiences with EVALI had been featured in news media. We contacted the young adults using Instagram direct messages to inform them of the study and gave them an opportunity t... | PMC10540020 | |
Measures | PMC10540020 | |||
Outcomes | With 4 items, participants rated the | PMC10540020 | ||
Participant Characteristics | We used 1 item adapted from the Facebook Intensity Scale [Participants reported their age, sex assigned at birth, education, current student status, and race and ethnicity (coded as non-Hispanic White; non-Hispanic Black; Hispanic; Asian, including Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander; or other/unreported race or ethnicity... | PMC10540020 | ||
Statistical Analysis | We compared participant characteristics by condition using chi-square and | PMC10540020 | ||
Results | PMC10540020 | |||
Discussion | PMC10540020 | |||
Principal Findings | lung injuries | In this study, we found that EVALI-related Instagram posts with negative imagery increased young adults’ perceived harmfulness of nicotine and cannabis vaporizer products, increased perceived risks of nicotine vaporizer products, and decreased intentions to use nicotine vaporizers. Regardless of the Instagram post text... | PMC10540020 | |
Limitations and Future Directions | This study has several limitations. First, we recruited a web-based convenience sample, which may not be representative of all US young adults. Yet, quota sampling increased the sample diversity to match US census data. Second, we used real Instagram posts about EVALI from young adults with lived experience. Although t... | PMC10540020 | ||
Conclusions | PML | ABUSE, RECRUITMENT, PML | Instagram posts that use negative imagery may discourage young adults from nicotine vaporizer use. Negative imagery in public education campaigns and on vaporizer product warning labels may better convey harms than text. Young adult Instagram users may be promising partners for communicating messages about health risks... | PMC10540020 |
Abbreviations | e-cigarette or vaping-associated lung injuryFood and Drug AdministrationMonitoring the Futureodds ratiotetrahydrocannabinol | PMC10540020 | ||
Data Availability | The data sets generated and analyzed during this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. | PMC10540020 | ||
Background | INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION | Supervised exercise is an integral part of the recommended first-line treatment for patients with intermittent claudication (IC). By reflecting the patients’ perspectives, patient-reported outcome measurements provide additional knowledge to the biomedical endpoints and are important outcomes to include when evaluating... | PMC10594797 | |
Methods | SECONDARY | This secondary exploratory analysis of a multi-center, randomized clinical trial compared three exercise strategies. The primary outcome of the secondary analysis was the one-year change in the 36-Item Short-Form (SF-36). Secondary outcomes were three- and six-months SF-36 changes alongside three, six- and 12-months ch... | PMC10594797 | |
Results | A total of 166 patients with IC, mean age: 72.1 (SD 7.4) years, 41% women, were randomized. No significant between-group differences were observed over time for the SF-36 or the PSFS scores whereas some significant between-group differences were observed in the VascuQoL domain and summary scores over time, favoring SEP... | PMC10594797 | ||
Conclusion | Clinically important improvements were observed in SEP using the VascuQoL, while we did not observe any significant between-group differences using the SF-36. Whereas effect sizes for the observed changes over time were generally small, a significantly higher proportion of patients in SEP reached the VascuQoL MID of im... | PMC10594797 | ||
Trial registration | NCT02341716, January 19, 2015 (retrospectively registered). | PMC10594797 | ||
Supplementary Information | The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12955-023-02198-8. | PMC10594797 | ||
Keywords | Open access funding provided by University of Gothenburg. | PMC10594797 | ||
Background | lower limb peripheral arterial occlusive disease, PAOD | INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION | Patients with lower limb peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) and symptoms of intermittent claudication (IC) often experience functional impairments [Patient-reported outcome measurements (PROMs) is an umbrella term for self-rating instruments that measure concepts such as health status, HRQoL, well-being, pati... | PMC10594797 |
Study procedure | DISEASE | At baseline, all patients received verbal and written disease information, best medical treatment, and a free pair of walking poles [ | PMC10594797 | |
Treatment strategies | PMC10594797 | |||
Walk advice (WA) | This strategy included best medical treatment and the unsupervised WA of Nordic pole walking for at least 30 min, three times weekly. | PMC10594797 | ||
Home-based structured exercise program (HSEP) | This strategy included the WA and an additional HSEP with aerobic walking exercises and resistance exercises. Patients were instructed to perform three 50-min exercise sessions weekly at home, for a total program duration of one year. The first six months was structured, with feedback from the physiotherapist by biweek... | PMC10594797 | ||
Hospital-based supervised exercise program (SEP) | This strategy included the WA and an additional SEP. The SEP comprised the same exercise content and dose as HSEP but was undertaken as group sessions at the hospital under supervision from the physiotherapist (0–6 months). In accordance with HSEP, for the remaining six months, patients were instructed to continue with... | PMC10594797 | ||
Patient-reported outcome measurements | PMC10594797 | |||
The 36-item Short-Form (SF-36) | MH, pain | The SF-36 is a valid and reliable generic questionnaire that includes 36 items covering different aspects of HRQoL in eight different domains: PF = physical functioning; RP = role physical; BP = bodily pain; GH = general health; VT = vitality; SF = social functioning; RE = role emotional and MH = mental health. The res... | PMC10594797 | |
The Vascular Quality of life (VascuQoL) | Pain | The VascuQoL is a disease-specific HRQoL questionnaire, designed and frequently used to evaluate treatment effects in patients with IC. The VascuQoL includes 25 items, categorized into five domains: Pain, Symptoms, Activities, Emotional, and Social. The VascuQoL Summary score is the sum of all items mean scores, divide... | PMC10594797 | |
The Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS) | Physical function is defined as the capacity of an individual to carry out the physical activities of daily living. Physical function reflects motor function and control, physical fitness, and habitual physical activity [ | PMC10594797 | ||
Statistical methods | SECONDARY | All patients that attended follow-up and completed the SF-36, VascuQoL and PSFS questionnaires were included in this exploratory superiority analysis comparing the three treatment strategies (WA, WA + HSEP and WA + SEP). For all outcomes, the full data set was used without any imputation and all analyses were based on ... | PMC10594797 | |
Results | PMC10594797 | |||
Patient-reported outcome measurements | PROM | At baseline, no significant between-group differences were observed for any of the PROM questionnaires. | PMC10594797 | |
The Vascular Quality of Life | Baseline data and changes at three, six and 12 months in the VascuQoL score data are presented by group in Table Figure Proportion of patients reaching a threshold for important deterioration or improvement in the VascuQoL Summary score change from baseline to 1 year | PMC10594797 | ||
Discussion | PROM, low back pain, Pain | While the previously reported primary endpoint results in the SUNFIT trial (6MWT) did not differ between treatment strategies [At three months, a significant difference was observed, in favor of both SEP and HSEP versus WA, in the VascuQoL Emotional domain as well as in the overall Summary score. In the VascuQoL Summar... | PMC10594797 | |
Conclusion | PROM, intermittent claudication | INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION | Potentially important treatment differentials were revealed when analyzing the disease-specific VascuQoL, while we did not observe any significant between-group differences for the SF-36. Whereas effect sizes for the observed changes in the SF-36 and the VascuQoL over time were generally small, a significantly higher p... | PMC10594797 |
Acknowledgements | We would like to thank Monica Broeren and Jenny Östlund, research nurses at the Department of Vascular Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. We would like to thank Peta Cook, Ingrid Eliasson, Madeleine Ivarsson, Jenny Snickars and Susanna Wittboldt, physical therapists at the Department of Physi... | PMC10594797 | ||
Authors’ contributions | LJ, JN, ÅC, MB and AS developed the concept, idea and study design. All authors contributed with data collection, data analysis and interpretation of the results. AS conducted the statistical analyses with guidance from JN and MB. AS drafted the first version of the manuscript, which was critically reviewed by all auth... | PMC10594797 | ||
Funding | ALF | HEART, LUNG | Open access funding provided by University of Gothenburg. This study was supported by grants from the Swedish state under the agreement between the Swedish government and the county councils, the ALF agreement (ALFGBG-785741 and ALFGBG-822921) and the Swedish Heart–Lung Foundation (20190194 and 20200258). | PMC10594797 |
Availability of data and materials | The dataset generated and analyzed during the current study is not available due to ethical considerations and General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Processed summary data are however available on reasonable request. The primary article for this randomized clinical trial: (DOI number: 10.1093/eurjcn/zvac070.) | PMC10594797 | ||
Declarations | PMC10594797 | |||
Ethics approval and consent to participate | The study protocol was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Gothenburg (entry no. 349–14, T789-16). Informed, written consent was obtained from all participants. | PMC10594797 | ||
Consent for publication | Not applicable. | PMC10594797 | ||
Competing interests | The authors declare no competing interests. | PMC10594797 | ||
References | PMC10594797 | |||
2. Materials and Methods | PMC10304042 | |||
2.1. Study Design and Ethical Details | We designed a single-center prospective randomized pilot study at the Urology Unit of the University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” (Naples, Italy) that was conducted between April 2019 and June 2020. No placebo or blinding was applied. The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee. The research was conducted ac... | PMC10304042 | ||
2.2. Patient Enrollment | diabetes mellitus, allergy, phimosis, tumors, UTIs | CHRONIC PROSTATITIS, URETHRAL STRICTURES, CARCINOMA IN SITU, INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS, DIABETES MELLITUS, ALLERGY, URINARY INCONTINENCE, MEATAL STENOSIS, DIFFICULTY SWALLOWING, IMMUNODEFICIENCY DISORDERS, BLADDER STONES, TUMORS, NEUROGENIC BLADDER | Patients undergoing cystoscopy for suspected BCa or follow-up after transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB), with negative urine culture, were enrolled. The exclusion criteria were: bladder catheter present or removed in the last 30 days; bladder stones; diagnostic or therapeutic endoscopic procedures on the urin... | PMC10304042 |
2.3. Treatment Protocol | STERILE | All cystoscopies were performed by the same expert operator using a 16-Ch flexible cystoscope equipped with a sterile disposable sheath (Vision | PMC10304042 | |
2.4. Patient Evaluation | Demographic data and clinical characteristics were collected for each patient at baseline. A urine culture was prescribed regardless of symptoms 7 days before and 7 days after cystoscopy. The urine culture results were sent by email. The urine culture before cystoscopy had to be negative to allow patients to be include... | PMC10304042 | ||
2.5. Statistics | The continuous variables were described as medians and the interquartile range (IQR), while the categorical variables were expressed as frequencies and percentages. The Shapiro–Wilk test was applied as a normality test. The Wilcoxon rank-sum and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to analyze continuous variables in in... | PMC10304042 | ||
3. Results | A total of 32 patients were enrolled in the study and randomized into the two treatment groups. No patients or data were lost after enrollment ( | PMC10304042 | ||
4. Discussion | bladder inflammation, infectious complications, infection, inflammation | HAND INFECTION, INFLAMMATION, ADVERSE EFFECTS, INFECTION, BLADDER INFLAMMATION | Cystoscopy, a widely used diagnostic procedure in urology, can be frustrating for patients and is associated with possible infectious complications [Obviously, the uncertainty on the topic and the concern about the resistance and possible adverse effects of antibiotics has prompted the search for possible alternatives ... | PMC10304042 |
Author Contributions | Conceptualization, C.Q., C.M. and L.S.; methodology, L.N. and A.F.; data collection, C.D., D.A. and A.D.G.; writing—original draft, C.M. and L.S.; writing—review and editing, C.S. and V.I.; visualization, F.B. and R.L.R.; supervision, M.D.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. | PMC10304042 | ||
Institutional Review Board Statement | The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the local Ethics Committee, University of Naples Federico II. Approval Code: 261/2019. Approval Date: March 2019. | PMC10304042 | ||
Informed Consent Statement | Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study. | PMC10304042 | ||
Data Availability Statement | Not applicable. | PMC10304042 | ||
Conflicts of Interest | The authors declare no conflict of interest. | PMC10304042 | ||
References | UTIs | SECONDARY | CONSORT flow diagram.UTIs 7 days after cystoscopy. Group A: D-Mannose (500 mg) plus Baseline characteristics of patients.Group A: D-Mannose (500 mg) plus Evaluation of secondary outcomes.Group A: D-Mannose (500 mg) plus | PMC10304042 |
Background | Body dissatisfaction is a global issue, particularly among adolescent girls and young women. Effective body image interventions exist but face barriers to scaling up, particularly in lower- and middle-income countries, such as Indonesia, where a need exists. | PMC10131926 | ||
Objective | We aimed to evaluate the acceptability and efficacy of | PMC10131926 | ||
Methods | We conducted a web-based, 2-arm randomized controlled trial among 2000 adolescent girls and young women, aged 15 to 19 years, recruited via telephone by an Indonesian research agency. Block randomization (1:1 allocation) was performed. Participants and researchers were not concealed from the randomized arm. Participant... | PMC10131926 | ||
Results | There were 1847 participants. Relative to the control condition (n=923), the intervention group (n=924) showed reduced internalization of appearance ideals at T2 ( | PMC10131926 | ||
Trial Registration | ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05383807, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05383807 ; ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN35483207, https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN35483207 | PMC10131926 | ||
International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) | RR2-10.2196/33596 | PMC10131926 | ||
Introduction | See | PMC10131926 | ||
Background | Globally, many young people, particularly adolescent girls and young women [Interventions have been developed and rigorously evaluated to reduce body dissatisfaction among adolescent girls and young women, with promising findings [ | PMC10131926 | ||
Harnessing Social Media for Body Image Interventions | A viable solution to increase the scalability of mental health interventions, including those to reduce body dissatisfaction, is the use of social media platforms [ | PMC10131926 | ||
The Indonesian Context | Indonesia, a Southeast Asian nation, is the world’s largest archipelago and fourth most populous country [ | PMC10131926 | ||
This Study | In this study, we evaluated the impact of | PMC10131926 | ||
Methods | PMC10131926 | |||
Trial Design | A 2-arm, web-based parallel randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of | PMC10131926 | ||
Ethics Approval | WEST | Ethics approval was obtained from the Faculty of Medicine at Universitas Indonesia (588/UN2.F1/ETIK/PPM.00.002/2021) and the University of the West of England, Bristol (United Kingdom; HAS.21.04.138). The trial protocol was registered (International Registered Report Identifier PRR1-10.2196/33596) [ | PMC10131926 | |
Participants | Jakarta-based | A Jakarta-based research agency recruited and enrolled a sample of adolescent girls and young Indonesian women from 10 cities across the western, central, and eastern regions of Indonesia (Balikpapan, Bandung, Jakarta, Makassar, Manado, Medan, Palembang, Pontianak, Semarang, and Surabaya) offline, evenly split across a... | PMC10131926 | |
Procedure | All communication between the research agency and the participants took place on the web via WhatsApp. The day before the study was launched (day 0), the research agency distributed data packages to each of the participants to cover internet data costs incurred. Participants completed web-based self-report questionnair... | PMC10131926 | ||
Measures | PMC10131926 | |||
Primary Outcome Measure | The primary outcome measure for assessing trait body satisfaction was the Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults (BESAA) [ | PMC10131926 | ||
Secondary Outcome Measures | SECONDARY | Three secondary outcome measures were used. The internalization-general subscale of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ-3) [ | PMC10131926 | |
State Outcome Measures | To assess state body satisfaction and mood, single-item measures on a 101-point visual analog scale [ | PMC10131926 | ||
Intervention Acceptability | On day 9, the intervention condition participants received 6 self-report items at the end of the T2 questionnaire that assessed the intervention in relation to their overall enjoyment, likability of the characters, understandability, age appropriateness, usefulness, and likelihood of recommending the intervention to a ... | PMC10131926 | ||
Adherence | The level of adherence to the intervention was assessed using various metrics that examined video and activity engagement. The following metrics were collected: the percentage of participants who watched each video and all 6 videos (calculated by the number of participants whose dwell time on the Qualtrics page hosting... | PMC10131926 | ||
Sample Size | Similar randomized controlled trials assessing body dissatisfaction using the same outcome measure reported a range of small to medium standardized effect sizes, with Hedges | PMC10131926 | ||
Analyses | PMC10131926 | |||
Overview | Analyses were performed using SPSS 28 (IBM Corp). Any duplicate questionnaire entries were identified by the participants’ unique PIN, and the first entry was retained for analysis. To avoid interpretation bias, condition allocation was concealed from the data analyst throughout data preparation and trait outcome hypot... | PMC10131926 | ||
Hypotheses Testing and Post Hoc Analyses | PMC10131926 | |||
Trait Outcomes | REGRESSION | The effect of the intervention on trait outcomes was examined by running 4 linear mixed models (LMMs) on an intention-to-treat basis, with baseline measures at T1 as a covariate, randomized group as a 2-level between-subjects factor, study phase (T2 and T3) as a 2-level repeated measures factor, an unstructured covaria... | PMC10131926 | |
State Outcomes | For each state outcome, 6 dependent sample To test for cumulative effects across the 6 videos, we ran two 2 × 6 ([prevideo vs postvideo] × [6 videos]) fully repeated measures ANOVA for state body satisfaction and state mood, checking for linear, quadratic, cubic trends, and repeated contrasts. For both state measures, ... | PMC10131926 | ||
Exploratory Analyses | After testing the hypotheses and post hoc analyses, we tested an exploratory mediation model with PROCESS Macro for SPSS (model 4) [ | PMC10131926 | ||
Data Preparation | REGRESSION, ATTRITION | The trait outcomes data set across conditions had 0.32% (356/112,667) missing item responses at T1, 4.31% (4858/112,667) missing item responses at T2, and 3.12% (3517/112,667) missing item responses at T3 (Independent sample Moreover, the dropout rate never exceeded 5% between time points for any of the variables, supp... | PMC10131926 | |
Results | PMC10131926 | |||
Pilot Study and Protocol Amendments | RECRUITMENT | Recruitment for the pilot study was conducted from September 13 to 16, 2021, and executed between September 18 and 26, 2021. A sample spread evenly across age and socioeconomic status (n=150) was obtained from the cities of Jakarta, Medan, and Semarang. As outlined in the trial protocol [ | PMC10131926 | |
Adherence | Intervention adherence metrics were also assessed. On average, intervention participants watched 5 of the 6 videos and completed 14 of the 18 activities. See | PMC10131926 | ||
Hypotheses Testing and Post Hoc Analyses | PMC10131926 | |||
Trait Outcomes | PMC10131926 | |||
Body Satisfaction | The LMM with baseline body satisfaction as a covariate, randomized group as a 2-level between-subjects factor, study phase (T2 and T3) as a 2-level repeated measures factor, three 2-way interactions, and one 3-way interaction found a nonsignificant effect of randomized group (The preplanned ANCOVAs showed a nonsignific... | PMC10131926 |
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