title stringlengths 1 1.19k | keywords stringlengths 0 668 | concept stringlengths 0 909 | paragraph stringlengths 0 61.8k | PMID stringlengths 10 11 |
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Results | PMC10803506 | |||
Participants | HT | DOUBLE VISION | Twenty surgeons were recruited for this study from September to December 2021. One surgeon was excluded from the analysis due to double vision with the HT loupes. The demographics of the 19 included participants are shown in Demographics of participants. | PMC10803506 |
Muscle activity of the cervical erector spinae, upper trapezius, and lumbar erector spinae | HT | MVE | From the surgeons’ own loupes to LT loupes and HT loupes, the 50th percentile of the muscle activity of the right CES decreased significantly in all three tasks [%MVE, median (IQR)]: PT [own, 9.5 (8.2–11.5); LT, 8.2 (6.8–10.1); HT 6.5 (5.1–7.6); own vs. LT, Muscle activity (50th percentile; %MVE) of the right CES of th... | PMC10803506 |
Subjective evaluation | bad posture, HT | DOUBLE VISION | Most participants preferred LT loupes (5 for own; 11 for LT; 2 for HT; 1 for own or LT depending on the surgery case; 1 for “own loupes for now or HT if double vision can be fixed”). For the LT loupes, nine participants stated that they liked the visual functions of the loupes because of their good spatial orientation ... | PMC10803506 |
Performance of surgeons | HT | The task completion time [seconds, median (IQR)] was significantly longer when using the HT loupes in the PT compared to the surgeons’ own loupes and the LT loupes [own, 45 (41–49); LT, 46 (42–53); HT 57 (44–62); LT vs. HT, Task completion time of three simulated surgical tasks of the 19 participants compared among the... | PMC10803506 | |
Discussion | angulation, head or neck flexion, HT, neck/shoulder pain | The main results of this randomized crossover study were that using prismatic loupes (compared to traditional loupes) reduced two ergonomic risk factors – head inclination and neck muscle activity –without increasing surgical errors. However, in two of three tasks, the completion time was prolonged when using HT loupes... | PMC10803506 | |
Limitations | One limitation is that due to one drop-out and missing data caused by lost contact of electrodes, a perfect balance between groups of the original study design was not achieved, especially for the EMG data. Two of the four missing data sets for EMG regarded LES, and they were related to the two prismatic loupes. Howeve... | PMC10803506 | ||
Conclusion | peripheral vision, angulation, HT | BENDING | Compared to traditional loupes, this study shows that both evaluated prismatic loupes can significantly reduce neck muscle activity and forward head bending in surgical tasks, with no significant difference in surgical errors. Nevertheless, using the HT prismatic loupes prolonged the task completion times, but this was... | PMC10803506 |
Data availability statement | The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation. | PMC10803506 | ||
Ethics statement | The studies involving humans were approved by The Regional Ethics Review Board in Stockholm. The studies were conducted in accordance with the local legislation and institutional requirements. The participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study. Written informed consent was obtained fr... | PMC10803506 | ||
Author contributions | XF: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. LY: Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. NY: Data curation, W... | PMC10803506 | ||
Conflict of interest | The authors declare that the research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. | PMC10803506 | ||
Publisher’s note | All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or ... | PMC10803506 | ||
Supplementary material | The Supplementary material for this article can be found online at: Click here for additional data file.Click here for additional data file.Click here for additional data file.Click here for additional data file. | PMC10803506 | ||
References | PMC10803506 | |||
Background | degenerative disease, TMJ-OA, pain | TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT OSTEOARTHRITIS | Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) is a degenerative disease and manifests itself with pain and limitation of movement in the jaws. Arthrocentesis alone or in combination with intraarticular injections is one of the most commonly used treatment methods in these patients. The aim of the study is to examine ... | PMC9996841 |
Methods | pain | Thirty patients with TMJ-OA who were treated randomly with either arthrocentesis plus tenoxicam injection (TX group) or arthrocentesis alone (control group) were examined. Maximum mouth opening (MMO), visual analog scale (VAS) pain values, and joint sounds were the outcome variables, which were evaluated at pre-treatme... | PMC9996841 | |
Results | Pain | The gender distribution and mean age were not significantly different between the two groups. Pain values ( | PMC9996841 | |
Conclusions | pain | Arthrocentesis plus tenoxicam injection showed no better outcomes in terms of MMO, pain, and joint sounds compared with arthrocentesis alone in patients with TMJ-OA. | PMC9996841 | |
Trial registration | MAY, OSTEOARTHRITIS | Injection of Tenoxicam Versus Arthrocentesis Alone in the Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis, NCT05497570. Registered 11 May 2022.Retrospectively registered, | PMC9996841 | |
Keywords | PMC9996841 | |||
Background | degenerative disease, increases mouth, Osteoarthritis, pain | RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, DEGENERATION, OSTEOARTHRITIS, JOINT DISEASES, HAND OSTEOARTHRITIS | Osteoarthritis is the degeneration and gradual deterioration of the cartilage in a joint. It is a chronic, progressive, degenerative disease that causes loss of function, pain, and discomfort [Arthrocentesis alone or in combination with intraarticular injections is highly effective in the treatment of TMJ-OA. It reduce... | PMC9996841 |
Methods | PMC9996841 | |||
Study population | TMJ-OA, malignant disease | TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS, SYSTEMIC DISEASE, NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE, TMJ, MAY, MALIGNANT DISEASE | This randomized, single- blinded, prospective study was conducted with patients who were seen at the maxillofacial surgery clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry of Adıyaman University between May 2019 and November 2021. The included patients were diagnosed with TMJ-OA through clinical and radiological examinations based o... | PMC9996841 |
Surgical procedure | incisors, pain | CREPITUS | The patients were randomly separated into two groups by simple randomization method by computer. No conservative treatment was applied before arthrocentesis. Only arthrocentesis was given to patients in the control group (n:14), while the TX group (n:16) received both arthrocentesis and a 2-ml injection of tenoxicam (O... | PMC9996841 |
Statistical analysis | The data were examined with the software package IBM SPSS Statistics Version 22. The normal distribution of the data was examined with the Shapiro Wilk test. An independent t test was used for the discrepancy among groups for variables with normal distribution, and a Mann Whitley U test was used for the discrepancy amo... | PMC9996841 | ||
Results | PMC9996841 | |||
Study population | The study included 30 patients (24 women and 6 men) who were diagnosed with TMJ-OA. The ages of the participants ranged from 22 to 64 years with an average age of 41.96 ± 11.50 years. The patients were separated into two groups. Of the 14 patients in the control group, 12 were female and 2 were male, and the mean age w... | PMC9996841 | ||
Discussion | TMJ, Arthrocentesis, osteoarthritis, pain | OSTEOARTHRITIS, TMJ | Arthrocentesis is a symptom-focused treatment for internal derangement of the TMJ. It reduces pain, increases jaw movements and mouth opening, and eliminates inflammatory products and tissue disruptors [Tenoxicam is a potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent with a half-life of 60–80 h [Colbert et al. [A few studie... | PMC9996841 |
Conclusions | pain | The results of this study indicate that arthrocentesis plus tenoxicam injection does not produce better results in terms of MMO, pain, and joint sounds in patients with TMJ-OA. Arthrocentesis alone and arthrocentesis plus tenoxicam injection showed similar effects and can be used safely in patients with TMJ-OA. | PMC9996841 | |
Acknowledgements | Not applicable. | PMC9996841 | ||
Authors’ contributions | ZB carried out the research and participated in drafting the manuscript. GYY made the arthrocentesis procedures and AK participated in collecting data. MK and GSK participated in the statistical analysis. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. | PMC9996841 | ||
Funding | No funding. | PMC9996841 | ||
Availability of data and materials | All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this article. | PMC9996841 | ||
Declarations | PMC9996841 | |||
Ethics approval and consent to participate | The study protocol was certified by the Ethics Committee of Adıyaman University (Ethical Number 2019/1–2) All participants informed consent volunteered to participate in the study. | PMC9996841 | ||
Consent for publication | Written informed consent for publication of their clinical images was obtained from the patient. A copy of the consent form is available for review by the Editor of this journal. | PMC9996841 | ||
Competing interests | The authors declare that they have no competing interests. | PMC9996841 | ||
References | PMC9996841 | |||
Background | Despite the clear benefits of physical activity in healthy ageing, engagement in regular physical activity among community-dwelling older adults remains low, with common barriers including exertional discomfort, concerns with falling, and access difficulties. The recent rise of the use of technology and the internet am... | PMC10375749 | ||
Methods | sarcopenia | SARCOPENIA, RECRUITMENT | This was a pre-post mixed-methods study. Older adults aged ≥ 65 years attending community social clubs who provided written consent and were not actively participating in exercise classes took part in the feasibility study. Older adults, volunteers, and staff were interviewed to determine the acceptability of the inter... | PMC10375749 |
Results | SECONDARY | Nineteen volunteers were recruited, 15 (78.9%) completed training and 9 (47.3%) were retained after 1 year (mean age 68 years). Thirty older adults (mean age 77 years, 27 female) participated, attending 54% (IQR 37–67) of exercise sessions. Participants had no significant changes in secondary outcome measures, with a t... | PMC10375749 | |
Conclusions | Trained volunteers can safely deliver online group exercise for community-dwelling older adults which was acceptable to older adults, volunteers, and club staff. | PMC10375749 | ||
Trials registration | NCT04672200. | PMC10375749 | ||
Keywords | PMC10375749 | |||
Introduction | Physical activity (PA) has multiple benefits for older adults, including reducing falls risk [There is increasing evidence on the role of trained volunteers in delivering interventions to promote increased PA among older adults. The Hospital Elder Life Programme [The recent rise of the use of technology and the interne... | PMC10375749 | ||
Methods | PMC10375749 | |||
Study design | This was a pre-post mixed methods study. Triangulation of quantitative and qualitative data was performed to explore the feasibility and acceptability of this intervention. Trials registration on ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04672200 (17/12/2020). | PMC10375749 | ||
Volunteer recruitment and training | RECRUITMENT | A detailed description of volunteer recruitment and training has been published in our protocol paper [ | PMC10375749 | |
Participant recruitment | Older adults aged ≥ 65 years who attended community social clubs ( | PMC10375749 | ||
Intervention | The intervention consisted of a once weekly volunteer-led online group exercise, for a duration of 30 min per session. The seated exercises focused on strengthening upper and lower limbs with the use of resistance bands and enhancing whole body range of motion and flexibility. Volunteers were trained to progress the ex... | PMC10375749 | ||
Primary outcome measures | The feasibility of implementing the intervention was determined by:The number of volunteers recruited, trained, and retainedThe number of older adults recruitedThe number of physical activity sessions delivered, and proportion completed by participants (adherence)The acceptability of the intervention, including barrier... | PMC10375749 | ||
Secondary outcome measures | Frailty, Sarcopenia | SECONDARY, SARCOPENIA | The secondary outcome measures were:Physical activity levels measured using the Community Health Model Activities Programme for Seniors (CHAMPS) questionnaire [Activities of daily living measure using the modified Barthel Index [Health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-5L) [Sarcopenia measure using the Strength, Assistanc... | PMC10375749 |
Adverse events | accidents, injuries | ADVERSE EVENTS, ADVERSE EVENT | Any injuries or symptoms developed directly as a result of the exercises were recorded as an adverse event. Volunteers were trained to document any adverse events. All adverse events were reported to the research team. The clubs also have established procedures for responding to incidents and accidents including access... | PMC10375749 |
Analysis | Baseline characteristics of participants were reported as mean (SD) or median (interquartile range (IQR)) for continuous variables and number (percentage) for categorical variables. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the number of volunteers and participants recruited, the number of volunteers trained and reta... | PMC10375749 | ||
Ethics | This study received ethical approval from the University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine Ethics Committee and Research Integrity and Governance committee (ID: 52 967.A1). The study steering committee had oversight of study processes and research personnel were trained in Good Clinical Practice. Data was anonymised a... | PMC10375749 | ||
Results | PMC10375749 | |||
Feasibility of the volunteer training programme | CORONAVIRUS | Nineteen volunteers were recruited, 15 completed training and 9 volunteers (47.3%) were retained at the end of the study. Four volunteers withdrew before training due to beliefs that they were unsuitable for the role, including lack of time to commit, and poor confidence in their skills to deliver exercise. Six volunte... | PMC10375749 | |
Feasibility of delivering the exercise intervention | injury or ill | Seven community social clubs, comprising 62 members, were approached through online visits from the study team and encouragement from club staff. Thirty-four older adults were recruited, and 30 were retained at the end of the study. Reasons for withdrawal were unrelated injury or ill health (3), and one participant sto... | PMC10375749 | |
Secondary outcome measures | Light PA increased 90 min per week (Secondary outcome dataMetabolic equivalent; | PMC10375749 | ||
Acceptability of the intervention | arthritis | ARTHRITIS | Seven volunteers (aged 57–83 years; 6 female), eight older adults participating in the exercise intervention (aged 68–82 years; 8 female), one family member (aged 67 years; female), and four staff members were interviewed. Results are presented under the main domains of NPT, including implementation contexts, mechanism... | PMC10375749 |
Implementation contexts | PMC10375749 | |||
Adaptations to COVID-19 restrictions | infection | INFECTION | Government restrictions during the pandemic reduced participants’ social interactions and created a sense of isolation. Fear of infection altered daily activity choices and behaviours, such as reduced confidence to leave the house. Subsequently, many participants experienced reductions in their normal PA routine and th... | PMC10375749 |
The existing social structures of the organisation | ’ | The characteristics of the social clubs impacted the reach of the intervention. For instance, most participants were widowed women and there was a lack of male older adults, impacting diversity. The organisation’s ethos and objectives, to enhance members’ mental health and well-being was consistent with the underlying ... | PMC10375749 | |
Compatibility with existing work practices and negotiation of intervention fit | Incorporation of exercise challenged some of the participants’ normal sedentary routines and preferred activities, such as the expectation of attending the club to have ‘a chat with friends and listen to a talk’ (Volunteer). To prevent interference with other social activities a shorter exercise duration was introduced... | PMC10375749 | ||
Implementation mechanisms | PMC10375749 | |||
Coherence | PMC10375749 | |||
The intervention suited changes in perceived capabilities with age, but for those more able the intervention was not challenging enough | OVER EXERTION | Reduced functional capacity with age altered perceived capabilities for PA and increased perceptions of harm, including participants’ worry regarding over exertion, discomfort, and injury. Older adults who felt vulnerable and unable to cope with exercise were embarrassed showing this vulnerability to others during acti... | PMC10375749 | |
PA meaning influenced the perceived value of the intervention | ’ | Each participant had their own sense of meaning and value attached to PA, which influenced intervention coherence. PA meaning was influenced by a range of factors, including PA knowledge, familiarity and history of PA, the opportunities afforded by the environment, and wider social culture. For instance, some older adu... | PMC10375749 | |
Personal development and helping others motivated volunteering | Volunteers were enthusiastic to support member’s health and well-being and were motivated to volunteer to overcome feelings of loneliness, combat negative body image stereotypes and have a sense of purpose through contributing specific skills at the club. | PMC10375749 | ||
Cognitive participation | PMC10375749 | |||
Level of understanding in intervention processes influenced engagement | RECRUITMENT | Overall, a good rationale to the project was provided. Volunteer recruitment was influenced by the clarity of the volunteer role and the training received. Club visits from health professionals piqued participant interest and understanding. | PMC10375749 | |
Training resources impacted intervention functioning | Training content was valued by volunteers, ‘I think the training, the information, and the support we’ve been given has been really good.’ (Volunteer). Volunteers’ also felt the training enhanced their confidence and competence to deliver the exercise. The booklets and videos provided a resource to practice at home and... | PMC10375749 | ||
Tensions between provision of instructor expertise and fear of unrealistic expectations | Perceptions regarding professional exercise instructors influenced participants’ commitment and engagement with the volunteer-led intervention. Some participants preferred the expertise of a qualified instructor, especially those who wanted specialist support for health conditions. However, participants also expressed ... | PMC10375749 | ||
Collective action | PMC10375749 | |||
Volunteers’ performance and competency delivering exercise | The volunteers demonstrated competency when delivering the exercise intervention including guiding participants’ exercise technique, learning pacing, effectively setting up devices for online demonstrations, and implementing safety considerations. Members seemed satisfied with the volunteer’s exercise delivery, ‘I thin... | PMC10375749 | ||
Co-ordination and assistance provided by staff | RECRUITMENT | Staff were key in the smooth running of the intervention. They effectively organised the social clubs, including helping with volunteer recruitment, integrating new volunteers into the social groups, and facilitating club safety. Effective communication between staff and trainers was essential to provide a bridge betwe... | PMC10375749 | |
The supportive group atmosphere aided implementation | Exercising in a group helped reduce isolation and motivated engagement with the intervention. Social connections were important to participants, in which the group created a sense of belonging, moral support and a shared experience. | PMC10375749 | ||
The online modality presented new challenges to overcome | ’d | Older adults familiar with online technology were more likely to engage with the intervention compared to individuals with a fear and lack of knowledge. The clubs had lower numbers attending the online groups, which impacted the reach of the intervention. Nevertheless, the organisation loaned devices to improve member ... | PMC10375749 | |
Reflexive monitoring | PMC10375749 | |||
Ongoing communication and training support | To encourage and support volunteers, trainers provided regular communication in the form of phone calls, emails, and club visits, which made volunteers feel ‘valued’ and gave the opportunity for feedback and continued learning. Regular volunteer meetings allowed shared experiences with peer feedback and support. Moreov... | PMC10375749 | ||
Adaptations to the intervention in response to feedback | Listening and responding to feedback from regular communication with volunteers, participants, and staff was essential to improve the acceptability of the intervention. Feedback was appraised and resulted in several changes to the intervention. Additional warm up and cool down exercises were added, and resistance bands... | PMC10375749 | ||
Suggested future modifications | ’ | EVENT, RECRUITMENT | Participants suggested exercise variety could keep the intervention ‘fresh’ and enhance enjoyment. Some volunteers disliked the label ‘exercise volunteer’ due to negative fitness stereotypes and preferred an emphasis on ‘mobility’, which they thought would attract more volunteers to the role. Volunteer recruitment was ... | PMC10375749 |
Implementation outcomes | PMC10375749 | |||
Varied level of engagement and participation in the exercise | RECRUITMENT | Engagement in the intervention varied. While most members were keen to participate, some felt indifferent, or preferred not to exercise. Overall, the intervention became an integrated routine at the start of the club, and some members completed the exercise in their own time. Staff commented that inclusion of the inter... | PMC10375749 | |
Feelings of improved health and fitness | ’ mood | The exercises introduced new types of movement and participants described improved strength, posture, balance, mobility, and flexibility. Moreover, the social connections from the group exercise enhanced well-being and improved participants’ mood. | PMC10375749 | |
Helping others helped themselves | The exercise role provided volunteers with a sense of belonging which helped improve well-being. Volunteering enhanced personal growth and development, such as increasing leadership skills. The role gave volunteers a sense of purpose and self-esteem, as well as increasing their own PA levels. | PMC10375749 | ||
Discussion | It was feasible and safe to deliver a volunteer-led online exercise intervention in social clubs for community-dwelling older adults. The intervention was acceptable to staff, volunteers, and older adults. Volunteers were positive and relatable role models who developed a non-judgmental group atmosphere. The group envi... | PMC10375749 | ||
Limitations | The study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic and changes in social distancing rules resulted in a change of how the intervention was delivered towards the end of the trial period. Club members were very keen to return to face-to-face meeting following a prolonged period of social restrictions and therefore the ... | PMC10375749 | ||
Acknowledgements | The authors would like to thank the volunteers and Brendoncare staff members for their support with the study. | PMC10375749 | ||
Authors’ contributions | HCR, SA, and SL designed the study and SL led the development of the study protocol. SL led the delivery of the study. SJM delivered the volunteer training and conducted the data collection and analysis for this study. KI supported with the data analysis process. All authors contributed to the preparation of the manusc... | PMC10375749 | ||
Funding | ARC | The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) funded this research. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health. SL, SJM, KI and HCR received support from the NIHR Applied Research Collaboration (ARC) Wessex and the University of Southampto... | PMC10375749 | |
Availability of data and materials | The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available in the PURE repository of the University of Southampton and will be made available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. | PMC10375749 | ||
Declarations | PMC10375749 | |||
Ethics approval and consent to participate | This study received ethical approval from the University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine Ethics Committee and Research Integrity and Governance committee (ID: 52 967.A1) and the study was conducted in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Informed consent was obtained from all research participant... | PMC10375749 | ||
Consent for publication | Not applicable. | PMC10375749 | ||
Competing interests | The authors declare no competing interests. | PMC10375749 | ||
References | PMC10375749 | |||
Key Points | PMC10233424 | |||
Question | death | BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA (BPD) | Does risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or death modify the effect of hydrocortisone in extremely preterm infants? | PMC10233424 |
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