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Introduction | Gastric cancer, malignancy | GASTRIC CANCER | Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common malignancy worldwide. The highest incidence of GC exists in East Asian countries, especially in China and JapanIn the second-line therapy setting, ramucirumab was the only molecular-targeted drug in a global phase III clinical trialThymidylate synthase is a well-established ... | PMC10546090 |
Materials and methods | PMC10546090 | |||
Patient screening and stratification | ONCOLOGY, RECURRENT DISEASE, ADENOCARCINOMA, METASTATIC DISEASE | The patient inclusion criteria were as follows: age ≤ 18 years; histologically-proven gastric or esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma; measurable and/or assessable metastatic disease according to RECIST 1.0 criteria, or locally recurrent disease associated with one or more measurable lymph nodes; Eastern Cooperative... | PMC10546090 | |
Treatment | histologically-proven | This was a randomized, multicenter, open-label, phase II clinical study in patients with histologically-proven, inoperable, locally advanced or MGC. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive raltitrexed (3 mg/m | PMC10546090 | |
Evaluation and outcomes | tumor, death, Toxicities, Tumor, Tumors, PD, Toxicity, Cancer | DISEASE PROGRESSION, TUMOR, TUMOR, DISEASE, TUMORS, CANCER | A complete medical history was obtained and a physical examination was performed before randomization, including a complete blood count (CBC), blood chemistries, and tumor assessments. Tumor measurements were obtained every 6 weeks until progression was demonstrated in both arms, as assessed by Response Evaluation Crit... | PMC10546090 |
Statistical analysis | SECONDARY | The primary endpoint (PFS) and secondary endpoints (OS, ORR, and safety) were determined and analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier statistical method was used to calculate the PFS and OS. ORRs were compared using a χ | PMC10546090 | |
Results | PMC10546090 | |||
Patients | cancer, RP | CANCER | A total of 148 patients [raltitrexed plus paclitaxel (RP) group, Patient and cancer baseline characteristics RP, raltitrexed plus paclitaxel; P, paclitaxel. | PMC10546090 |
Treatment | thrombocytopenia, PD, Neutropenia, neutropenia | NEUTROPENIA, ADVERSE EVENTS, THROMBOCYTOPENIA, ADVERSE EVENT, NEUTROPENIA | The median duration of therapy was 3.5 cycles for RP (range, 1-15 cycles) and 4 cycles for P (range, 1-12 cycles). Dose reductions occurred in 12 patients in the RP group (16.4%) and 8 patients in the P group (10.7%). Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were the most prominent adverse events leading to cycle delay and dos... | PMC10546090 |
Efficacy: primary end points (OS and PFS) | tumor, gastric cancer | TUMOR, GASTRIC CANCER | At a median follow-up duration of 13 months, the median OS was longer in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population of the RP group than the P group (10.2 months, 95% CI = 8.2-12.2 ITT, Kaplan-Meier estimates of time to overall survival among advanced gastric cancer patients treated with RP or P.ITT, Kaplan-Meier estimate... | PMC10546090 |
Efficacy: secondary end point (ORR) | BEST | The ORR was equal for the RP (6.8%) and XELOX groups (4.0%) (Best overall response rateRP, raltitrexed plus paclitaxel; P, paclitaxel. | PMC10546090 | |
Safety and Quality of life (QOL): secondary end point | toxicities, neutropenia | ADVERSE EVENTS, NEUTROPENIA | Grade 3-4 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 60.6% and 57.5% of patients in the RP and P groups, respectively. Frequent grade 3-4 toxicities in the RP and P groups were neutropenia (11% Major treatment-based adverse eventsRP, raltitrexed plus paclitaxel; P, paclitaxel. | PMC10546090 |
Discussion | toxicity, hepatotoxicity | This study was initiated in 2014. Second-line standard treatment is still single-agent chemotherapy and 3In the present study the combination dose of P was adjusted to 240 mg/mAs expected, the ORR was low in each group, but the DCR was 56.2% and 36% in the combination and P only groups, respectively. Although the OS an... | PMC10546090 | |
Conclusions | It is our opinion that appropriate dosage and usage of P and antimetabolites may have a greater role in 2 | PMC10546090 | ||
Conflict of interest statement | No potential conflicts of interest are disclosed. | PMC10546090 | ||
Author contributions | Conceived and designed the analysis: Zhiyu Chen, Wen Zhang, Xiaodong Zhu, Lei Yang, and Weijian Guo.Collected the data: Xiaowei Zhang, Lixin Qiu, and Mingzhu Huang.Contributed data or analysis tools: Xiaoying Zhao, Chenchen Wang, and Wenhua Li.Performed the analysis: Weijian Guo.Wrote the paper: Xiaoying Zhao. | PMC10546090 | ||
Data availability statement | The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article. | PMC10546090 | ||
References | PMC10546090 | |||
Abstract | Daprodustat, Oral daprodustat, chronic kidney disease, anemia | ANEMIA | Daprodustat is an oral small molecule hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor (PHI) approved in Japan and the United States for the treatment of anemia associated with chronic kidney disease. This phase 1, nonrandomized, 2‐period, crossover study in 6 healthy men characterized and quantified the met... | PMC10603292 |
Abbreviations | kidney diseasedisintegrations | absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretionaccelerator mass spectrometryarea under the curvechronic kidney diseasedisintegrations per minutedrug‐related materialerythropoietinhypoxia‐inducible factorhigh‐performance liquid chromatographyHPLC‐tandem mass spectrometryliquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry... | PMC10603292 | |
INTRODUCTION | Anemia, CKD, chronic kidney disease, anemia | ANEMIA, ANEMIA | Anemia is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Mechanisms contributing to anemia in these patients include deficiency of
Following single oral dosing of [ | PMC10603292 |
METHODS AND MATERIALS | PMC10603292 | |||
Subjects and study design | The design and clinical pharmacokinetics of daprodustat in the crossover mass balance study in 6 healthy male participants have been previously described. | PMC10603292 | ||
Chemicals and reagents | [Structures of the reference standards are shown in Figure Chemical Structures of Daprodustat and Metabolites. Structures represent the predominant single stereoisomeric form of human circulating metabolites M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, and M13. | PMC10603292 | ||
Collection of samples | upper gastrointestinal fluid | Duodenal bile samples were collected for metabolite characterization on Entero‐Test bile strings, a commercially available noninvasive procedure to collect upper gastrointestinal fluid. | PMC10603292 | |
Sample pooling and pretreatment | PMC10603292 | |||
Plasma | dryness | Two pooled plasma samples from TP2 were prepared from the six human subjects based on total radioactivity in the samples. A primary pool comprising approximately 95% of the total plasma radioactivity was created according to the area under the response‐time curve (AUC) concentration‐time proportional pooling method.The... | PMC10603292 | |
Urine | Urine samples from TP2 were analyzed without pooling since >95% of cumulative urinary dose excretion occurred during the first 24 h. | PMC10603292 | ||
Feces | Weighed aliquots of selected fecal homogenates from TP2 were pooled in proportion to total sample weight for each human subject to include the majority of excreted radioactivity. The time range of the pooled fecal homogenates varied from 24 to 120 h postdose, among subjects, depending on the rate of radioactivity excre... | PMC10603292 | ||
Duodenal bile | AMS | COLD | To assess the drug‐related material (DRM) arising from the radiolabeled intravenous dose (TP1), individual bile strings were extracted with either acetonitrile or water in two separate extraction procedures. An aliquot of 500 μL from each acetonitrile or water extract was pipetted into a scintillation vial and mixed wi... | PMC10603292 |
Quantitative radio‐HPLC analysis | dryness | Radio‐HPLC analysis was conducted on selected urine, fecal, and plasma samples on a 1200 HPLC system (Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, CA). Radio‐HPLC conditions are described in Data Urine and feces samples were injected onto the HPLC and the column eluate from each sample was fractionated into a set of four LumaPlate... | PMC10603292 | |
HPLC‐UV+AMS analysis for bile samples | two‐step | The pooled bile string extract solution was spiked with nonradiolabeled standards, mixed and injected (100 μL), then chromatographed by HPLC. The HPLC column eluate was fractionated (12‐s intervals between 15 and 55 min) and collected into prebaked small quartz tubes containing copper oxide wire.Additionally, replicate... | PMC10603292 | |
Mass spectrometric analysis | LC‐MS | PMC10603292 | ||
Nomenclature of targets and ligands | Key protein targets and ligands in this article are hyperlinked to corresponding entries in | PMC10603292 | ||
RESULTS | PMC10603292 | |||
HPLC column recovery | duodenal bile extracts | SEPARATION | HPLC column recoveries of selected urine (TP2), selected feces (TP2), and duodenal bile extracts (TP1) were essentially complete, indicating no or minimum loss of radioactivity during chromatographic separation (Table The retention times and fragment of all metabolites in human plasma, urine and bile samples.MSMSMSMSMS... | PMC10603292 |
Radio‐HPLC profiles | PMC10603292 | |||
Plasma (TP2) | The levels of total radioactivity in the 0–8 h and 10–12 h plasma pools were 1492 DPM/g and 121 DPM/g, respectively, corresponding to 268 ng daprodustat equivalents/g and 22 ng daprodustat equivalents/g. Overall recovery of radioactivity following sample preparation was 85 and 69% for the 0–8 h and 10–12 h pools, respe... | PMC10603292 | ||
Urine (TP2) | MINOR | Recovery of urine radioactivity following centrifugation was complete, indicating no loss of drug‐related components during sample processing. The 0–24 h urine samples that were analyzed represented 97% of total cumulative radioactivity excreted in the urine. Minor qualitative differences in the urine radio profiles we... | PMC10603292 | |
Feces (TP2) | MINOR | The analysis of pooled fecal homogenates showed that 99% of the total cumulative radioactivity in the excreta was recovered, indicating little loss of drug‐related components during sample preparation. As with urine, minor qualitative differences in the radio profiles of fecal extracts were observed across subjects. Fi... | PMC10603292 | |
Duodenal bile (TP1) | Unchanged daprodustat, duodenal bile extract | MINOR | Figure Reconstructed HPLC‐AMS radiochromatogram and UV‐chromatogram of pooled and diluted duodenal bile extract following a single intravenous Infusion of [Unchanged daprodustat accounted for only 0.5% of biliary radioactivity, indicating extensive hepatic metabolism of the parent compound. The metabolic profile in bil... | PMC10603292 |
DISCUSSION | duodenal bile, duodenal bile sampling, CKD, anemia | ANEMIA | Following a single oral dose of [Consistently, previous steady‐state clinical data in patients with anemia associated with various stages of CKD also indicated that daprodustat was the principal circulating DRM in human plasma, measured at up to 55% by AUC ratio.Comprehensive safety evaluations of the three major metab... | PMC10603292 |
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS | Liangfu Chen and Guoying Tai contributed to the concept and design, performed data analysis, and helped to write the draft. Fangming Xia conducted experiments, contributed new reagents or analytic tools, and performed data analysis. Cathy Chen contributed to the concept and design, conducted experiments, contributed ne... | PMC10603292 | ||
CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT | Liangfu Chen, Cathy Chen, Adrian Pereira, Xiusheng Miao, Graeme Young, and Guoying Tai are employees of and hold stock in GSK. Fangming Xia, Claire Beaumont and Jill Pirhalla are former employees of GSK. | PMC10603292 | ||
ETHICS STATEMENT | The clincial study was approved by an independent ethics committee and was conducted according to the recommendations of Good Clincial Practice and the Declaration of Helsinki. All subjects provided written informed consent to participate in the study. | PMC10603292 | ||
Supporting information |
Data S1.
Click here for additional data file. | PMC10603292 | ||
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | Funding for this study was provided by GSK. All listed authors meet the criteria for authorship set forth by the International Committee for Medical Journal Editors. Funding for this study was provided by GSK. Editorial support, Meher Dustoor, PhD and Sarah Hummasti, PhD (assembling tables and figures, collating author... | PMC10603292 | ||
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT | Anonymized individual participant data and study documents can be requested for further research from | PMC10603292 | ||
REFERENCES | PMC10603292 | |||
Supplementary Information | death, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, cardiac death, contrast-associated acute kidney injury | CONTRAST-ASSOCIATED ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY, CARDIAC DEATH, SECONDARY, REGRESSION, EVENTS | To assess the efficacy of modified hydration on contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). A total of 438 patients were randomly assigned to 2 groups. The traditional hydration group (group I) was given ... | PMC9883347 |
Keywords | PMC9883347 | |||
Introduction | contrast-induced acute kidney injury, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, CI-AKI, contrast-associated acute kidney injury | CONTRAST-INDUCED ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY, CONTRAST-ASSOCIATED ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY | The widespread adoption of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) has significantly improved the cardiovascular outcomes of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), however, the incidence of contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI), which has replaced the definition of contrast-induced acu... | PMC9883347 |
Methods | PMC9883347 | |||
Study population | MALIGNANT TUMOR, CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE, ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE | A total of 508 STEMI patients undergoing pPCI at the Cardiovascular Center of Beijing Friendship Hospital from November 2018 to October 2021 were enrolled in this study. 70 patients were excluded according to the exclusion criteria including acute respiratory failure; continuous renal replacement therapy or prior kidne... | PMC9883347 | |
Study protocol | Eligible patients were randomly assigned to group I (traditional hydration group) and group II (modified hydration group). The traditional hydration group received a continuous intravenous infusion of isotonic saline at a rate of 1 ml/kg/h for 24 h at the beginning of pPCI [ | PMC9883347 | ||
Other data collection and definitions | chest pain, myocardial injury | LEFT BRANCH BUNDLE BLOCK, RENAL DISEASE, LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY | Venous blood samples were taken from all patients pre-pPCI and then 24, 48 and 72 h after pPCI, samples were used for measurement of serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) based on Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation in (ml/min/1.73mSTEMI was diagnosed based on the diagnostic... | PMC9883347 |
Coronary angiography and PCI | stenosis, STEMI | STENOSIS | Patients with STEMI received coronary angiography immediately after admission to the catheter laboratory, with a digital subtraction machine. The coronary angiography was performed by cardiologists in Beijing Friendship Hospital, and all STEMI patients received PCI surgery as soon as possible after admission to open th... | PMC9883347 |
Study endpoints | death, cardiac death, chest pain, myocardial necrosis, angina pectoris, AKI, non-cardiac death, Cardiac death | MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (MI), SUDDEN DEATH, CARDIAC EVENTS, CARDIAC DEATH, MYOCARDIAL NECROSIS, SECONDARY, SAID, EVENTS, HEART FAILURE, CARDIAC DEATH | The primary endpoint of the study was the incidence of CA-AKI, which identifies events based on Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) serum creatinine criteria [increase in serum creatinine by ≥ 26.5 µmol/l (0.3 mg/dl) or increase in serum creatinine by ≥ 1.5 times baseline value]. AKI was said to be present if these chang... | PMC9883347 |
Statistical analysis | SD | REGRESSION, SECONDARY | Depending on the distribution of the data, continuous variables were expressed as mean value ± SD or median and interquartile range (IQR). Frequencies and percentages were used to describe categorical data. Differences between continuous and categorical variables were assessed using Student’s T-test, analysis of varian... | PMC9883347 |
Results | PMC9883347 | |||
Kaplan–Meier analysis of secondary endpoint | death, cardiac death | SECONDARY, CARDIAC DEATH | During a median follow-up period of 22.4 months, the incidence of MACEs was 21.1% in the CA-AKI group and 9.3% in the no CA-AKI group. The incidences of all-cause death and cardiac death were 10.5% and 7.9% in the CA-AKI group, 0.5% and 0.5% respectively in the no CA-AKI group (all Kaplan–Meier curve for secondary endp... | PMC9883347 |
Discussion | death, cardiac death, myocardial ischemia, STEMI | CARDIAC DEATH, MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA | In this study cohort with STEMI patients undergoing pPCI, we found that the patients with lower creatinine were more likely to occur CA-AKI. The incidence of CA-AKI and creatinine levels at different time points were not significantly different between the traditional hydration group and the modified hydration group. C... | PMC9883347 |
Study limitations | pre-PCI, renal insufficiency | RENAL INSUFFICIENCY | Despite the precise randomization, which results in an unimportance difference in baseline characteristics of the two groups, our study has several limitations. First, although our study had a relatively large sample size, the single-center study was also a limitation. Second, although many potential interfering covari... | PMC9883347 |
Conclusion | According to the findings, although this difference was not statistically significant, the modified hydration also relatively reduced the incidence of CA-AKI after pPCI. CA-AKI may be related to lower creatinine, WBC count and NT-proBNP. The relationship between CA-AKI and mortality strengthened as creatinine times abo... | PMC9883347 | ||
Supplementary Information | Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.Supplementary file1 (DOCX 168 KB) | PMC9883347 | ||
Acknowledgements | The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of all staffs who work on the Cardiovascular Center of Beijing Friendship Hospital Data Bank (CBD BANK). | PMC9883347 | ||
Author contributions | HC and HWL: contributed to the conception or design of the work. LL and LZ: contributed to the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work. HC and WPL: contributed discussion and edited manuscript. LL: drafted the manuscript. All authors critically revised the manuscript. All authors gave final approv... | PMC9883347 | ||
Funding | This study was supported by National Key R&D Program of China (2021ZD0111004), Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82070357), Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospital Incubating Program (No. PX2018002), Beijing Key Clinical Subject Program, and GE Healthcare 【GE Healthcare (Shanghai) Co. Ltd 】. | PMC9883347 | ||
Availability of data and materials | The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. | PMC9883347 | ||
Declarations | PMC9883347 | |||
Conflict of interest | The authors declare that they have no competing interests. | PMC9883347 | ||
Ethical approval and consent to participate | The study data collections were approved by the Institutional Review Board of Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, and written informed consent was obtained from all patients. | PMC9883347 | ||
Consent for publication | Not applicable. | PMC9883347 | ||
References | PMC9883347 | |||
Background | cancer | CANCER | Edited by: Yao Song, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaReviewed by: Jing Luo, Shenzhen University, China; Mohammed Amir Rais, University of Algiers, Algeria; Jane G. Payumo, Michigan State University, United States; Kittisak Jermsittiparsert, University of City Island, Cyprus; Jeff Bolles, Universit... | PMC10310936 |
Objective | breast cancer | BREAST CANCER | The objective of our study is to access the factors influencing breast cancer health education through short videos on efficiency and quality. | PMC10310936 |
Methods | Three pairs of videos about breast health were created and participants completed questionnaires before and after watching the videos. A paired | PMC10310936 | ||
Results | Watching short videos can significantly increase viewers’ knowledge of related health topics ( | PMC10310936 | ||
Conclusion | cancer | CANCER | A uniformed interpreter, BGM and a progress bar are factors influencing the efficiency of short health videos. They can be applied in video making to explore better ways of promoting cancer health education in the new mobile Internet environment. | PMC10310936 |
1. Introduction | visual and auditory factors, breast cancer, cancer, lung cancer, Cancer | BREAST CANCER, CANCER, BREAST CANCER, LUNG CANCER, CANCER | In the past decade, the importance of social media as a means of disseminating health information has grown (Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women and a worldwide public health problem. Global Cancer Statistics 2020 pointed out that breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer as the cancer with the highest... | PMC10310936 |
2. Methods | PMC10310936 | |||
2.2. Materials and methods | We used a pretest-posttest control group design, which we developed on the basis of literature on the effect of online short videos. This study was conducted to assess the influence of three variables on the quality of breast health public education (Study design. | PMC10310936 | ||
2.3. Video preparation | Familial aggregation of, hyperplasia of mammary glands, breast cancer | BREAST CANCER | To present the influence of the three variables mentioned above, the video production team, consisting of proficient short video producers and science popularization workers with medical backgrounds, created three groups of videos on three topics: (1) hyperplasia of mammary glands (2) Familial aggregation of breast can... | PMC10310936 |
2.4. Questionnaire | To measure the effectiveness of the three variables mentioned above, we developed 2 questionnaires for the participants to complete before and after watching the three pairs of videos (The questionnaires passed the verification of Credamo, which evaluated their negative effect. Eligible Credamo users could access the s... | PMC10310936 | ||
2.5. Sample size | For each of the videos, participants were recruited through the Credamo platform to watch the video and fill out the questionnaires. The survey lasted from April 24 to April 29, 2022, and involved 780 participants from 31 provincial-level administrative regions (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan). Of the 780 respo... | PMC10310936 | ||
2.6. Statistical analysis | Descriptive statistics were calculated for the participants’ demographic data. A paired | PMC10310936 | ||
3. Results | PMC10310936 | |||
3.1. Public attitude toward health educational videos | A 5-point scale was used to evaluate the public attitude toward the videos. A score of 3 points indicated a neutral attitude. The average score was calculated and is displayed in Public attitude toward health education videos.*Indicates significance at the | PMC10310936 | ||
3.2. The effect of videos on promoting public breast health literacy | breast diseases | BREAST DISEASES | To assess the effectiveness of the videos, the paired Generally, the pretest scores were lower than the posttest scores in each group and there was a significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores in each group (Cognition and attitude to breast diseases of participants.*Indicates significance at the Spe... | PMC10310936 |
3.3. Video creation influencing factors on the health education effect | These experiments, which were designed to verify the influence of clothing, the progress bar, and BGM on the video science popularization effect, all adopted a mixed design, and each experiment included an intrasubject variable and an intersubject variable. Among them, the test time (pretest/posttest) was the intrasubj... | PMC10310936 | ||
4. Discussion | PMC10310936 | |||
4.1. Factors influencing health video effects | Previous studies of influencing factors of health video creation have focused on three main aspects: (1) conception of the script [choices of different framing techniques, choices of specific examples and general conceptions, combinations of multiple theories to convey educational messages, etc. (The effect of BGM on l... | PMC10310936 | ||
4.2. Current health video-creation situation and advice for professional health video creators | According to the 49th Statistical Report on China’s Internet Development released by CNNIC in December 2021, the utilization rate of short videos among Chinese netizens was 90.5%, reaching 934 million (However, the spread of short videos about health science popularization is currently not a positive situation. The eme... | PMC10310936 | ||
4.3. Limitations | This study has some limitations. First, we directly recruited the video subjects and played relevant videos for them. This test method is insufficient for simulating the situation in which the subjects browse the video on the short video platform. Second, the number of participants was limited, meaning that subgroup an... | PMC10310936 | ||
5. Conclusion | visual and auditory factors | BREAST CANCER | This study researched the impact of visual and auditory factors on the transmission effect of medical science short videos designed for science popularization in breast cancer. In the form of a questionnaire, we investigated the effect difference of participants before and after watching the videos to verify users’ inf... | PMC10310936 |
Data availability statement | The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation. | PMC10310936 | ||
Ethics statement | The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by Ethics Committee of Shantou University Medical College. The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study. | PMC10310936 | ||
Author contributions | X-YX and H-YL: conceptualization. W-JZ, X-TH, and Y-YM: methodology. DZ: formal analysis. Y-KL: investigation. LX: data curation. Q-RX, P-ZW, and J-ZD: writing—original draft preparation and project administration. X-YX, LX, and H-YL: writing—review and editing. DZ and Y-KL: supervision. Y-KL, X-YX, and H-YL: funding a... | PMC10310936 | ||
Funding | This work was supported by grants from the Youth Innovative Talents Project of Education Department of Guangdong Province (2019WQNCX028), Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project of Guangdong Province in China (GD21YXW01), Research Start-up Funding Project of Shantou University (STF19026), the National Undergradu... | PMC10310936 | ||
Conflict of interest | The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. | PMC10310936 |
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