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Funding | This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant number, 8187050959, YG; 82001777, FX; 81901115, QC]; the Public welfare development and reform pilot project of Beijing Medical Research Institute [grant number, JYY 2019–5, JT]; and the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences [grant ... | PMC9835377 | ||
Availability of data and materials | The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. | PMC9835377 | ||
Declarations | PMC9835377 | |||
Ethics approval and consent to participate | The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Tiantan Hospital. And all methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study. | PMC9835377 | ||
Consent for publication | Consent to publish the manuscript and all details was obtained from the participants of this study. | PMC9835377 | ||
Competing interests | The authors declare that they have no competing interests. | PMC9835377 | ||
References | PMC9835377 | |||
Background | FOP | DISEASES | The epidemic of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is a growing concern worldwide and Singapore is no exception to this global trend. As part of measures to address this concern, the Singapore government will implement a mandatory color-coded front-of-package (FOP) nutrition label for beverages, called Nutri-Grade (NG), ... | PMC9930047 |
Methods | We conducted a 2-arm crossover trial involving actual purchases with 138 participants randomly exposed to: 1) Control with HCS logos displayed on qualifying items; 2) Similar to Control except that all beverages displayed the NG label. The effects of the NG label were estimated using a linear mixed-effects model that a... | PMC9930047 | ||
Results | We found that the NG label encouraged consumers to choose beverages with higher ratings. This led to a reduction in sugar from beverages purchased by 1.51 g [95% CI: − 2.68, − 0.34] per serving but was not effective at reducing saturated fat purchased (− 0.009 g [95% CI: − 0.22, 0.20]) per serving or improvements in ov... | PMC9930047 | ||
Conclusions | Results suggest that the Nutri-Grade label is likely to reduce sugar purchased from beverages. However, to improve overall diet quality in Singapore, additional measures will be needed. | PMC9930047 | ||
Trial registration | This trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov under the identifier: | PMC9930047 | ||
Supplementary Information | The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-023-01422-4. | PMC9930047 | ||
Keywords | PMC9930047 | |||
Introduction | diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, deaths | CANCER, DISEASES | The epidemic of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is a growing concern worldwide. NCDs, including but not limited to diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer, account for 41 million deaths annually, which is equivalent to 71% of global deaths [Singapore is no exception to the global trend of poor diet quality and r... | PMC9930047 |
Methods | PMC9930047 | |||
Online grocery store platform: NUSMart | This study takes advantage of the NUSMart, online experimental grocery store, developed by the research team. NUSMart was designed for research purposes to mimic actual web-based grocery stores in Singapore in both look and feel. To populate the store with local products and prices, we collaborated with one of the larg... | PMC9930047 | ||
Experimental design and procedure | non-alcoholic, PIS | SHOP | To evaluate the NG labels, we employed a two-arm crossover design where participants shopped once on the following two NUSMart versions in random order (see Fig. Control condition: A default NUSMart that mirrored a conventional web-grocery store in Singapore where qualifying healthier products displayed the HCS logos.N... | PMC9930047 |
Statistical analysis | PMC9930047 | |||
Outcome variables | To test the effect of the NG label on beverages purchased we quantified the weighted (by the number of servings) average NG score of beverages purchased, after recoding each letter to a number value: A = 4, B = 3, C = 2, and to D = 1. For all foods and beverages, we relied on the weighted (by the number of servings) av... | PMC9930047 | ||
Analysis | We employed a linear mixed-effects model that not only addresses correlations between repeated measures but accommodates missing data that can result when participants drop out before study completion [Accordingly, our base model was:We first limited the data to beverages and estimated this model for the weighted avera... | PMC9930047 | ||
Results | PMC9930047 | |||
Discussion | diabetes, FOP beverage, ’ beverage, sugar reduction | DIABETES | This study assessed the effectiveness of Singapore’s upcoming FOP beverage label, Nutri-Grade (NG), on nutritional quality of products purchased using an experimental online grocery store. For beverages, we found that the weighted (by the number of servings purchased) average NG score (ranging from 1 (D) to 4 (A)) was ... | PMC9930047 |
Limitations | SHOP | This study has many strengths, including taking advantage of a fully functional online grocery store integrated into a commercial retailer that enabled seamless payment and delivery of a subset of purchases. However, it is not without limitations. Although we included a one-week washout period between shops and randomi... | PMC9930047 | |
Conclusions | In conclusion, results suggest that the Nutri-Grade label is likely to reduce sugar purchased from beverages. However, to improve overall diet quality in Singapore, additional measures will be needed. | PMC9930047 | ||
Acknowledgements | Not applicable. | PMC9930047 | ||
Authors’ contributions | Conceptualization, S.S.; methodology, S.S. and E.A.F.; validation, S.S., and E.A.F.; formal analysis, S.S.; investigation, S.S., and E.A.F.; writing—original draft preparation, S.S. and J.P.; writing—review and editing, S.S., E.A.F. and J.P.; visualization, J.P.; funding acquisition and lead PI, S.S. All authors have r... | PMC9930047 | ||
Funding | This research was funded under Duke-NUS Khoo Fellowship Award [Grant number: Duke-NUS-KPFA/2020/0042], administered by Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore. The funder had no role in the study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation of the data, or the writing of the report. The research was conducted independe... | PMC9930047 | ||
Availability of data and materials | The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. | PMC9930047 | ||
Declarations | PMC9930047 | |||
Ethics approval and consent to participate | All procedures were approved by the National University of Singapore Institutional Review Board (Reference Code: NUS-IRB-2021-128). Informed consent was obtained from all the participants before enrolling them in the study. Those participants that did not provide consent, were not enrolled in the study and were not all... | PMC9930047 | ||
Consent for publication | Consent from the participants was asked at the beginning of the Participant Information Sheet & Consent Form stage. We asked the participants to agree or disagree with the processing of data. If they agreed, they would continue with the next step which was the baseline survey. When disagreeing, they could not participa... | PMC9930047 | ||
Competing interests | The authors declare that they have no competing interests. | PMC9930047 | ||
References | PMC9930047 | |||
Background | Reducing the necessary time to restore primary teeth improves the cooperation of paediatric patients. This study aimed to investigate the marginal integrity of restorations prepared with a bulk-fill resin-based composite (RBC) containing additional fragmentation chain transfer (AFCT) compared to a conventional RBC when... | PMC10424382 | ||
Methods | Forty class-II cavities were prepared in 40 primary molars. The molars were randomly divided into four groups based on the applied light-curing modes (regular: 10 s @ 1200 mW/cm | PMC10424382 | ||
Results | The mean marginal integrity (% ± SD) of the restorations for each group was as follows: Power Fill (10 s: 79.7 ± 15.6) (3 s: 77.6 ± 11.3), Prime (10 s: 69.7 ± 11.1) (3 s: 75.0 ± 9.7). The difference between the RBCs for the same light-curing mode was statistically significant ( | PMC10424382 | ||
Conclusions | AFCT-containing bulk-fill RBC “Power Fill” achieves similar marginal integrity when light-cured with either high-irradiance or regular light-curing modes. “Power Fill” achieves better marginal integrity than the conventional RBC “Prime” regardless of the applied light-curing mode. | PMC10424382 | ||
Keywords | PMC10424382 | |||
Background | Resin-based composites have become a solid restorative material option in both permanent and primary teeth [Two major developments led to the possibility of such short polymerisation time: the introduction of high-power light emitting diode (LED) polymerisation units that can produce high radiant exitance (e.g., 3000 m... | PMC10424382 | ||
Materials and methods | TML, orthodontic | APICAL PERIODONTITIS, CAVITY | Forty first and second human primary molars from the upper and lower jaw with one sound proximal surface were included in this study. The molars were extracted due to apical periodontitis or orthodontic reasons and stored in 0.5% chloramine-T solution at 4 °C for no longer than two months. Children and parents gave the... | PMC10424382 |
Statistical analysis | The marginal integrity (of the whole restoration, only in enamel and only in dentine) was set as the target variable. This variable was analysed with respect to the restoration type (AFCT-containing bulk-fill RBC “Power Fill” and AFCT-free conventional RBC “Prime”) and the light-curing modes (10 s @ 1200 mW/cm | PMC10424382 | ||
Results | PMC10424382 | |||
Marginal integrity of the whole restoration (enamel and dentine) | REGRESSION | Before TML, the achieved marginal integrity (% ± standard deviation SD) of each tested RBC (bulk-fill with AFCT “Power Fill” and conventional without AFCT “Prime”) with each tested light-curing mode (regular “10 s” and high-irradiance “3 s”) was as follows: Power Fill (10 s: 92.1 ± 10.2) (3 s: 90.1 ± 5.4), Prime (10 s:... | PMC10424382 | |
Marginal integrity of the restoration only within enamel | Before TML, the achieved marginal integrity (% ± SD) of each tested RBC with each tested light-curing mode was as follows: Power Fill (10 s: 93.3 ± 10.6) (3 s: 89.5 ± 5.3), Prime (10 s: 89.3 ± 8.3) (3 s: 91.3 ± 6.7). The difference between “Power Fill (10 s)” vs. “Power Fill (3 s)” and “Prime (10 s)” vs. “Prime (3 s)”,... | PMC10424382 | ||
Marginal integrity of the restoration only within dentine | dentine | Before TML, the achieved marginal integrity (% ± SD) of each tested RBC with each tested light-curing mode was as follows: Power Fill (10 s: 88.9 ± 14.2) (3 s: 91.3 ± 7.0), Prime (10 s: 92.0 ± 4.7) (3 s: 88.2 ± 13.6). The difference between “Power Fill (10 s)” vs. “Power Fill (3 s)” and “Prime (10 s)” vs. “Prime (3 s)”... | PMC10424382 | |
Discussion | CAVITY | This in-vitro study investigated the effect of a high-irradiance light curing (3 s @ 3000 mW/cmTML strains the adhesive interface between the cavity walls and the restoration and provokes the formation of marginal gaps. As marginal gaps could also form immediately after light-curing due to shrinkage stress of the resto... | PMC10424382 | |
Acknowledgements | Not applicable. | PMC10424382 | ||
Authors’ contributions | J.F. Investigation, writing—original draft; T.A. Conceptualization, methodology, writing—review & editing, supervision; M.Z. investigation; T.T. Conceptualization, methodology, writing—review & editing, supervision; B.H. Conceptualization, methodology, writing— review & editing, supervision. All authors have read and a... | PMC10424382 | ||
Funding | The authors declare that they received no external funding to perform the present study. | PMC10424382 | ||
Data Availability | The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. | PMC10424382 | ||
Declarations | PMC10424382 | |||
Consent for publication | Not applicable. | PMC10424382 | ||
Ethics approval and consent to participate | Informed written consent was obtained from all study participants (children and their parents). This study was carried out in agreement with the Federal Act on Research involving Human Beings (Human Research Act; article 2, paragraph 2). The authorisation from the ethics committee was waived (Zurich cantonal ethics com... | PMC10424382 | ||
Competing interests | The authors declare no competing interests. | PMC10424382 | ||
Abbreviations | Additional fragmentation chain transfer | PMC10424382 | ||
References | PMC10424382 | |||
1. Introduction | FAI, weight loss, PCOS | POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME, POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (PCOS), OBESE, ENDOCRINE DISORDER | These authors contributed equally to this work.We performed an open-label, randomised controlled trial to compare the effects of a very-low-calorie diet (VLCD) vs. moderate energy deficit approach on body weight, body composition, free androgen index (FAI), and metabolic markers in obese women with polycystic ovary syn... | PMC10536436 |
2. Materials and Methods | PMC10536436 | |||
2.1. Study Objectives and Design | HC, anxiety, eating disorder, eating disorders, PCOS, FAI, Diabetes, depression, TG | SECONDARY, DIABETES | The primary study objective was to assess the effects of VLCD and conventional energy deficit diet on change in free androgen index (FAI), while the secondary study objective was to assess the effect of both diets on changes in weight, waist circumference, body composition, and other metabolic parameters.This open-labe... | PMC10536436 |
2.2. Procedures | Height and weight were recorded with participants wearing light clothing and no shoes using a stadiometer and a weighing scale (MS-4202L, Marsden Weighing Machine Group Limited, Rotherham, UK). BMI was calculated as weight (kg) divided by the square of height (m | PMC10536436 | ||
2.3. Biochemical Analysis | Venous blood samples were collected in the fasting state after an overnight fast and after 2 h OGTT at baseline and at 8 weeks. Serum and plasma samples were separated by centrifugation at 2000× | PMC10536436 | ||
2.4. Statistical Analysis | The continuous variables in the study were summarised as means ± SD, while the categorical data are presented as | PMC10536436 | ||
3.3. Metabolic Parameters | In the VLCD group, there was a significant increase in the SHBG levels ( | PMC10536436 | ||
3.4. Parameters of Body Composition | There were significant reductions in total and trunk fat in both study arms ( | PMC10536436 | ||
3.5. FAI and Weight at 16-Week Follow-Up | FAI, weight loss | Between 8 and 16 weeks (end of the VLCD diet and reintroduction of a normal diet), two participants were lost to follow-up, and four participants did not have their FAI and weight measured in the VLCD arm. One participant withdrew from the study in the energy deficit diet arm over the same period. At the end of the 16-... | PMC10536436 | |
3.6. Side Effects in Study Arms | bloating, gastrointestinal disturbances, acute cholecystitis, constipation | ACUTE CHOLECYSTITIS, MINOR, SIDE EFFECT | The most prevalent side effect in both the study arms was gastrointestinal disturbances. The majority of the study participants experienced transient constipation, bloating, and minor abdominal discomfort at some point during the eight weeks of the VLCD or energy deficit arm; however, these were resolved after prescrib... | PMC10536436 |
4. Discussion | PCOS-related, bloating, hyperandrogenaemia, fatigue, abdominal pain, Weight loss, non-PCOS, PCOS, constipation, weight loss | INSULIN RESISTANCE, CHOLECYSTITIS, OBESE | In this first randomised controlled trial looking into the effects of a VLCD compared to a conventional energy deficit approach on PCOS-related outcomes, we showed that although both strategies can induce short-term weight loss with favourable changes in body composition, implementation of a VLCD resulted in greater we... | PMC10536436 |
5. Conclusions | weight loss, PCOS | HYPERANDROGENISM | In summary, the results of this randomised controlled trial comparing a VLCD based on full meal replacement with a conventional energy deficit approach in PCOS suggests that both approaches can be used to achieve short-term weight loss in this population. However, the study found that the VLCD resulted in greater weigh... | PMC10536436 |
Supplementary Materials | The following supporting information can be downloaded at: Click here for additional data file. | PMC10536436 | ||
Author Contributions | Thomas | Conceptualisation, T.S. (Thozhukat Sathyapalan), L.W., S.A., S.G.V., A.R. and M.R.; methodology, T.S. (Thozhukat Sathyapalan), L.W., S.A., T.S. (Thomas Strudwick), S.G.V., A.R. and M.R.; formal analysis, H.D., M.P., T.S. (Thozhukat Sathyapalan) and A.R.; investigation, T.S. (Thozhukat Sathyapalan), L.W., S.A., T.S. (Th... | PMC10536436 | |
Institutional Review Board Statement | The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Yorkshire and Humber—Sheffield Research Ethics Committee, NHS, HRA (17/2/17 REC–16/YH/0518; IRAS number: 215253). Clinical Trial Registration number: ISRCTN36687466 ( | PMC10536436 | ||
Informed Consent Statement | Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study. | PMC10536436 | ||
Data Availability Statement | The data presented in this study are available on reasonable request from the corresponding author. | PMC10536436 | ||
Conflicts of Interest | The authors declare no conflict of interest. | PMC10536436 | ||
References | FAI, PCOS | Consort flow diagram of participants.Comparison of baseline FAI, FAI at completion of intervention, and after the diet reintroduction in the VLCD and moderate energy deficit approach.Comparison of baseline weight, weight at completion of intervention, and after the diet reintroduction in the VLCD and moderate energy de... | PMC10536436 | |
Introduction | MALNUTRITION | Edited by: Helen Onyeaka, University of Birmingham, United KingdomReviewed by: Ezequiel Pinto, University of Algarve, Portugal; David Himmelgreen, University of South Florida, United StatesThis article was submitted to Public Health and Nutrition, a section of the journal Frontiers in Public HealthLesotho is one of the... | PMC10076845 | |
Methods | A randomized pre-test-post-test design was adopted to implement a systematically designed nutrition education intervention in women from Maseru and Berea districts in Lesotho. Women from selected villages were randomly assigned to comparison and intervention groups. Baseline and post assessments were conducted before, ... | PMC10076845 | ||
Results | At baseline, 444 women aged 19–60 years were included. After the intervention, 259 women in the comparison ( | PMC10076845 | ||
Conclusion | A nutrition education intervention that is systematically planned and framed on selected theories of health behavior improved nutrition-related beliefs in self-efficacy and locus of control. | PMC10076845 | ||
1. Introduction and background | micro-nutrient deficiencies | OVERNUTRITION, UNDERNUTRITION, MALNUTRITION | Supporting food and nutrition security is undoubtedly the first and foremost strategy to ensure access to safe, acceptable and adequate sources of food (Lesotho is a small mountainous country with a population of 2.2 million people. It is considered to be one of the world's least developed and poorest countries, with h... | PMC10076845 |
2. Methods | PMC10076845 | |||
2.1. Development of the intervention | The research team designed a nutrition education intervention based on identified needs of women in Lesotho. An in-depth literature review was conducted to identify knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and practices that promote or hinder desirable nutrition actions in resource-limited settings. The South African Food-Based ... | PMC10076845 | ||
2.2. Design, population, and sample | ill | The current study adopted a randomized pre-test post-test design. Two out of 10 districts, Maseru and Berea, were included in the study because both their urban and rural areas are fairly accessible. Urban and rural areas were defined according to the Lands Surveys and Physical Planning (LSPP) boundaries in Lesotho (Al... | PMC10076845 | |
2.3. Techniques and procedures | Ethics approval was obtained from the Health Sciences Research Ethics Committee of the University of the Free State and the Ministry of Health in Lesotho. Baseline and follow-up assessments were carried out during 2013 at baseline and 6 months after the intervention.After a random selection of villages to be included i... | PMC10076845 | ||
Examples of participatory intervention activities. | Self-awareness/self-assessment of vulnerability/threat:Describe own nutrition and related lifestyle behaviors;Describe perceptions of personal vulnerability;Describe perceptions of personal threat.Barriers:Identify barriers to achieving a balanced diet [e.g., unavailability, lack of money, lack of land (gardens), time,... | PMC10076845 | ||
2.4. Statistical analysis | The initial and follow-up assessments were described by frequencies and percentages for categorical data and medians and ranges for numerical data, calculated per group. The change from initial to post assessment was calculated per group and compared by means of 95% confidence intervals. | PMC10076845 | ||
3. Results | FIRE | At baseline a total of 444 participants (204 in the comparison (C) group and 240 in the intervention (I) group) were included in the study. At follow-up, 105 comparison and 154 intervention participants were interviewed.The median age of participants was 43 years (range 19–60 years), with 65% of participants in the con... | PMC10076845 | |
4. Discussion | SHOP | The Basotho women included in the current study were characterized by low levels of education and unemployment. The lack of amenities such as own sanitation, running water and electricity are evidence of the poverty that is endemic to Lesotho. The widespread limited food availability and access in Lesotho (In terms of ... | PMC10076845 | |
5. Conclusion | The findings of our study confirm that a nutrition education intervention that is systematically planned and framed on selected theories of health behavior improved aspects of nutrition-related beliefs in self-efficacy and locus of control. Improved self-efficacy was evidenced by increased confidence in the foods that ... | PMC10076845 | ||
Data availability statement | The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/supplementary material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author. | PMC10076845 | ||
Ethics statement | The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by Health Sciences Research Ethics Committee of the University of the Free State. The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study. | PMC10076845 | ||
Author contributions | MR | CW and MR: study conception, design, and draft manuscript preparation. MR: data collection and implementation of intervention. MN: statistical analysis. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.We acknowledge the participants and the fieldworkers, without whom this study would not have been possible. | PMC10076845 | |
Conflict of interest | The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. | PMC10076845 | ||
Publisher's note | All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or ... | PMC10076845 | ||
References | PMC10076845 | |||
Background | readmission | Adherence to complex drug regimens and polypharmacy are among the challenges of old age, which may negatively affect their motivation to continue drug therapy or lead to incorrect drug consumption. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of using a mobile drug management application on medication adheren... | PMC10621100 | |
Methods | In this randomized controlled trial study conducted in 2022, with Trial Registration Number (IRCT20191231045966N1) (18/07/2021), 192 Iranian older adults with polypharmacy were selected according to the inclusion criteria and allocated to case and control groups using the block randomization method. The data collection... | PMC10621100 | ||
Results | hypo | ADVERSE EVENTS, HYPERGLYCEMIA, DISEASE, HYPERTENSION | The case and control groups were homogeneous in terms of demographic variables and drug adherence level before the intervention. A significant difference was found in the drug adherence level after using the app (p < 0.001). Moreover, a significant difference was found in adverse events, including re-hospitalization du... | PMC10621100 |
Conclusion | ADVERSE EVENTS, DISEASE | The results showed that using a mobile drug management application that meets the specifications of older adults can improve drug adherence, reduce the adverse events and pave the way for a better disease period management. | PMC10621100 |
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