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Conclusion
URETHRAL STRICTURE, RECURRENCE, COLD, COMPLICATION
Holmium laser VIU is an effective and safe treatment option for short segment urethral stricture with shorter operative time, less complication rate and less recurrence than cold knife VIU.
PMC10352168
Keywords
Open access funding provided by The Science, Technology & Innovation Funding Authority (STDF) in cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
PMC10352168
Introduction
Urethral stricture
URETHRAL STRICTURE
Urethral stricture has been diagnosed in humans since ages being recorded in the ancient literature of Hindus, Pharaohs and Greeks. Its treatment is very difficult to be satisfactory for the patient [
PMC10352168
Patients and methods
skeletal deformity, MHz transducer, coagulopathy
URETHRAL STRICTURES, BLEEDING TENDENCY, STERILE, STRICTURES, COAGULOPATHY, PROSTATE, COLD
This prospective study was conducted in the Urology department at our institute from March 2020 to March 2022 on 80 male patients with bulbar urethral strictures < 2 cm. After Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval and written informed consent was obtained from all patients. After that, patients were randomly alloca...
PMC10352168
Operative technique
stricture
PRESSURE AREA, STRICTURE, BLADDER, COLD, URETHRA
The procedure was carried out by one surgeon under spinal anesthesia in lithotomy position with padding of pressure areas. Perioperative antibiotics were given to all patients. Initial urethrocystoscopy was done using (16 fr) diagnostic cystoscope (Karl Storz, Germany) under video monitoring with placement of (5 fr) ur...
PMC10352168
Postoperative assessment
bleeding, postoperative pain, fever
BLEEDING, POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS
All patients of both groups were evaluated for intra- or postoperative complications, e.g., bleeding, fever or postoperative pain by visual analog scale (VAS). All patients were discharged on the second day of the operation.
PMC10352168
Follow-up and outcome measurements
stricture, obstructive lower urinary tract symptoms
STRICTURE
Patients were followed up after catheter removal and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the operation. All patients were evaluated in each follow-up visit with IPSS, ultrasound and uroflowmetry. Retrograde urethrogram was done at 6 and 12 months of follow-up period. Successful treatment means spontaneous voiding without an...
PMC10352168
Statistical analysis
Data were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 20.0) software for analysis. Data were tested for normal distribution using the Shapiro–Walk test. According to the type of data, categorical data were represented by number and percentage, while quantitative data were represented by mean ±...
PMC10352168
Discussion
bleeding, renal or ureteric stones
BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA, BLEEDING, BLADDER TUMORS, RECURRENCE, URETHRAL STRICTURE, URETHRAL STRICTURES, COMPLICATION, STRICTURES, COLD
Laser invaded medicine in the last decades of the past century. Soon after that different laser technologies were widely used for urology purposes. It gained popularity among urologists in endoscopic resection of benign prostatic hyperplasia or bladder tumors, fragmenting renal or ureteric stones, and lastly in treatme...
PMC10352168
Limitations of this study
The main limitation of this study is that the surgeon knows which arm the patient belongs to. This bias is inevitable, unfortunately. Another limitation was the relatively small sample size and relatively short follow-up period. So, we recommend further studies with larger sample size and longer duration of follow-up.
PMC10352168
Author contributions
MMA was involved in revision. MK contributed to data collection. AR helped in data analysis. ASAA was involved in project development. AS helped in manuscript writing.
PMC10352168
Funding
Open access funding provided by The Science, Technology & Innovation Funding Authority (STDF) in cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
PMC10352168
Data availability
Not applicable.
PMC10352168
Declarations
PMC10352168
Conflict of interest
No disclosure.
PMC10352168
Ethical approval
Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval and written informed consent was obtained from all patients.
PMC10352168
References
PMC10352168
Objective
The purpose of the study was to determine whether a short interactive teaching session on air pollution could shift reported behavioral choices of adolescents towards environmentally friendlier options.
PMC10681291
Methods
We performed a pilot randomized control trial in which eighth-grade students were randomized to receive a one-hour script-based teaching on either the effects of air pollution on lung health (intervention group) or the role of vaccination in public health (active control group). The enrolled students completed a survey...
PMC10681291
Results
Seventy-seven students (age = 13.5±0.6 years; 50.4% female; median annual family income = $25K-$50K with 70.1% <$50K; 39 assigned to intervention group) were enrolled in the study. The teaching sessions did not result in any significant change in the participants’ understanding domain scores in either the intervention ...
PMC10681291
Discussion
This pilot study highlights the potential of a short one-time teaching session in promoting environmentally friendly behavior choices among adolescents.
PMC10681291
Data Availability
The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available on Dryad at
PMC10681291
Introduction
Air pollution is a major environmental problem with important health consequences that affects billions of people around the world [One potential factor associated with the disconnect between the state of the scientific knowledge and the public’s behavioral and lifestyle choices towards the environment may be due to a ...
PMC10681291
Methods
PMC10681291
Study design
HOLIDAYS
To examine the long-term efficacy of a short one-time teaching session about air pollution on the behavioral choices of adolescents concerning environmental health issues, we developed a one-hour interactive script-based evidence-supported teaching curriculum about air pollution and its effects on climate change and hu...
PMC10681291
Study population
RECRUITMENT
The inclusion criteria for participation in the study included (1) being a middle school students aged 13 to 15 years of age; (2) ability to read, understand, and write in English at the middle school level; and (3) willingness to participate in the follow-up visits of the study. The exclusion criteria included (1) ina...
PMC10681291
Trial regulatory matters
SFVAHCS
The University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Institutional Review Board (IRB) and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System (SFVAHCS) Committee on Research and Development approved the study protocols. The study was registered with the United States (U.S.) National Library of Medicine (Behavioral Resea...
PMC10681291
Recruitment
RECRUITMENT
Recruitment was done through primary contact by KIPP school teachers. Teachers offered adolescent students in the 8th grade classrooms to participate in the study, and provided them with an IRB-approved study description along with assent and consent forms. The students who provided written assent and parental or guard...
PMC10681291
Randomization
The participating students were assigned a study ID number through sorting their last names (and first names if needed) alphabetically and then assigning each student a study ID number. They were then partitioned by simple randomization of their subject ID number within their classrooms using STATA software to either t...
PMC10681291
Teaching sessions
Because the main objective of this study was to determine whether educating adolescents about air pollution in the form of a single teaching session would result in behavioral changes that are environmentally friendly, we chose a one-hour in-person teaching session about air pollution by researchers as the intervention...
PMC10681291
Questionnaire
’ future behavior
The questions on the questionnaire were formulated collaboratively by our research team that included researchers and educators (including an educator from the San Jose KIPP school). The questionnaire was specifically developed for this study on the basis of the hypothesis that providing knowledge that result in improv...
PMC10681291
Sample size and power calculation
For sample size and power calculation, we made the following assumptions: (1) minimally important difference in questionnaire score of 10% change due to the intervention, (2) standard deviation of change in score of 40%, and (3) a drop-out rate of about 20% due to factoring including movement of subjects out of the are...
PMC10681291
Data availability
The study dataset generated and analyzed for this report is available on Dryad [
PMC10681291
Data management and statistical analysis
REGRESSION, REGRESSION
Data from the questionnaire was entered into a database by two research assistants blinded to the assignment of the participants. Participants’ characteristics were examined and summarized within all participants and with respect to intervention and control groups. A comparison of the distributions was performed using ...
PMC10681291
Determination of minimally important difference of the questionnaire
To compute estimates of the minimally important difference (MID) of the questionnaire and its domains, we determined MID through various distribution-based approaches using standard error of mean (SEM) and standard deviation of mean (SD) for baseline measurements as well as effect size approaches, as previously utilize...
PMC10681291
Results
PMC10681291
Participants’ characteristics
The study enrollment began on February 1, 2015 and students from three classrooms at San Jose KIPP school constituted the first wave of enrollment. Although the study remained open to enrollment until December 20, 2018, no further students were enrolled in the study due to funding limitations. The study exclusively enr...
PMC10681291
Study design.
From these 77 students, pre- or post-teaching session questionnaires were unavailable from 6 students: the pre-teaching session questionnaire was missing from one student; during the one-month follow-up survey, two students were absent from the classrooms (one was absent for an unknown reason; another moved out of the ...
PMC10681291
Participants characteristics.
Summary statistics for the characteristics of the participants are shown. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number and percentage of participants, n (%), out of the total number of participants. Information about income levels was obtained using categories based on the US median income and poverty leve...
PMC10681291
Questionnaire performance
Data for questionnaire performance was summarized in
PMC10681291
Questionnaire scores at baseline and 1 month after the teaching session.
Boxplots of the scores from total (black), understanding (red), and behavior (blue) domains of the questionnaire assessed immediately before (Pre), immediately after (Immed Post), and 1-month after (1-mo Post) the teaching session for the intervention and control groups are shown. The scores were compared using paired ...
PMC10681291
Questionnaire scores.
Summary statistics for the questionnaire scores are shown. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, median [1The test-retest reliability of the questionnaire computed using data collected from all participants before and immediately after the teaching sessions was 0.77. The test-retest reliability was 0.75 when...
PMC10681291
Determination of minimally important difference of the questionnaire.
Minimally important difference was assessed through various distribution-based approaches using standard error of mean (SEM) and standard deviation of mean (SD) for baseline measurements, effect sizes as well as the reliable change index (RCI), defined as the change in score observed in the intervention group normalize...
PMC10681291
Changes in understanding and behavior measures from pre- to post-teaching
REGRESSION
Similar results were generated when the changes in questionnaire scores within each group were analyzed using paired t-test or multivariable regression (GEE) (GEE results presented in S3 Table in
PMC10681291
Change in questionnaire scores immediately and one-month after the teaching session intervention.
REGRESSION
The change in total, understanding domain, and behavioral domain scores of participants in intervention and control groups from prior to attending the teaching session immediately after and one month after the teaching session are shown. The number of participants for each comparison (No.), mean change of the scores wi...
PMC10681291
Change in questionnaire scores after the teaching session.
The graph shows mean and standard error of mean of change in the score from total (black), understanding (red), and behavior (blue) domains of the questionnaire at immediately and one month after the teaching intervention. The dotted lines show minimally important difference (MID) limits and the gray areas show changes...
PMC10681291
Comparison of questionnaire scores between intervention and control groups.
REGRESSION
The comparison of total, understanding domain, and behavioral domain scores and changes in those scores between participants in the intervention and the control groups over the three assessments (pre-, immediate post-, and one-month post-intervention) are shown. Numbers represent mean difference and the parameter estim...
PMC10681291
Discussion
We developed a one-hour teaching session about air pollution and climate change targeted towards adolescents along with a questionnaire to quantitatively assess adolescents’ understanding and behavioral choices regarding air pollution and environment. We then conducted a randomized controlled trial using the teaching s...
PMC10681291
Limitations
Our study has several limitations. Custom-designed surveys could be prone to various biases in evaluation of the outcomes of interest, including but not limited to sampling, non-response, and survivorship biases among others [Other limitations included the following. A particular shortcoming within behavior change stud...
PMC10681291
Conclusion
In conclusion, this study highlights the potential of a short one-time teaching session in promoting environmentally friendly behavior choices among adolescents. The findings of this study can inform the development of future interventions aimed at promoting environmental awareness and behavior change among adolescents...
PMC10681291
Supporting information
PMC10681291
Study scientific protocol.
(DOCX)Click here for additional data file.
PMC10681291
Supplemental tables.
REGRESSION
S1 Table presented the factor loadings from factor analysis with two factors for the 15 questions of the questionnaire. S2 Table presented the factor loadings from factor analysis with five factors for the 15 questions of the questionnaire. S3 Table presented the results from multivariable regression analyses using gen...
PMC10681291
Background:
patellar tendinopathy
Physical tests are commonly used in patellar tendinopathy to aid the clinical diagnosis, assess the prognosis, and monitor treatment. However, it is still unknown whether these physical measures are associated with patient-reported outcomes after exercise therapy.
PMC10623612
Purpose:
To identify the prognostic value of baseline physical test results and to determine the association between physical response after exercise therapy and clinical improvement over 24 weeks.
PMC10623612
Study Design:
Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.
PMC10623612
Methods:
patellar tendinopathy
REGRESSION
This study recruited 76 consecutive athletes with patellar tendinopathy who were randomized to 2 different programs of exercise therapy for 24 weeks. Athletes underwent a range of physical tests before and during exercise therapy (12 and 24 weeks), including isometric muscle strength (quadriceps and hip abductors), mus...
PMC10623612
Results:
Of the 76 included patients, 67 (88%) had complete follow-ups. The estimated mean VISA-P score increased by 23 points (95% CI, 19-28 points) after 24 weeks. No association was found between any baseline physical test results and a 24-week change in VISA-P score (all
PMC10623612
Conclusion:
patellar tendinopathy, pain
In patients with patellar tendinopathy, physical test results including strength and flexibility in the lower limb, jump performance, and pain levels during pain-provoking tests were not identified as prognostic factors for patient-reported outcomes after exercise therapy. Similarly, changes in physical test results we...
PMC10623612
Registration:
tendinopathy, pain
NCT02938143 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).Patellar tendinopathy (PT) has a prevalence of 17% in the general population,Physical tests can be used for the functional assessment of PT. These tests, such as muscle strength, flexibility, jump performance, and pain scale during provocation activities, can measure various ...
PMC10623612
Methods
PMC10623612
Study Design and Setting
Erasmus, tendinopathy
TENDINOPATHY
The study was designed (ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT02938143) and conducted at the Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Erasmus MC University Medical Center, and all patients provided written informed consent before participation. Patients were enrolled fr...
PMC10623612
Participants
knee pathologies, pain
Consecutive patients aged 18 to 35 years with the diagnosis of PT were enrolled. The main inclusion criteria were a clinical diagnosis of PT (pain on loading and palpation pain on the inferior part of the patella), which had to be confirmed by ultrasound findings (tendon structural changes or anterior-posterior thickne...
PMC10623612
Patient-Reported Outcome
The primary outcome was to assess symptom severity change in both groups by a patient-reported outcome measure using a translated and validated Dutch VISA-P questionnaire, ranging from 0 to 100 points. A higher score represents fewer symptoms. The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for the change of VISA-P ...
PMC10623612
Assessment of Physical Tests
Tenderness, pain
ANTERIOR, CONTRACTION
Physical test outcomes were collected successively on the same day after the patients completed the VISA-P questionnaire. The coordinating investigator (S.J.B.) assessed the physical test results at baseline and 12 and 24 weeks. A description of the specific physical tests is provided below and shown in (A) Maximal iso...
PMC10623612
Lower Limb Muscle Strength
CONTRACTION
The maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MVC) was used to assess the strength of the quadriceps and hip abductor muscles by means of a handheld dynamometer (MicroFet 2; Hoggan Health Industries).
PMC10623612
Lower Limb Flexibility
The flexibility of the lower limb was measured using a plurimeter (Dr Jules Rippstein). The flexibility of the quadriceps muscles was assessed with patients in a prone position by measuring the maximum passive knee flexion angle
PMC10623612
Performance Test
The maximal jump height was used as a performance test (
PMC10623612
Pain Provocation Tests
pain
A visual analog scale (VAS) score of 0 to 10 was used to quantify pain levels during specific tests (
PMC10623612
Statistical Analysis
REGRESSION
The first author (J.D.) was conducting statistical analyses and was not involved in performing the physical tests or collecting the VISA-P scores. Statistical analyses under intention to treat were performed. Normality tests were performed by visual check using histograms or normal Q-Q plots and also assessed by the Sh...
PMC10623612
Results
PMC10623612
Patient Characteristics
A total of 76 athletes were included. A summary of baseline characteristics is shown in Baseline Characteristics of 76 AthletesData are presented as n (%) unless otherwise indicated. BMI, body mass index; CSAS, Cincinnati Sports Activity Scale; EQ, Euro Qol; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; VAS, visual analog scale; VI...
PMC10623612
Prognostic Value of Baseline Physical Results
INTERACTION
There was a significant increase in VISA-P score in the whole group, with an increase of 23 points (95% CI, 19-28 points; Bonferroni-corrected Prognostic Mixed-Effect Model of Baseline Physical Test Results for VISA-P ImprovementLRT, likelihood ratio statistic; VAS, visual analog scale; VAS-palpation, VAS by palpation ...
PMC10623612
Association Between the Changes in Physical Test Results and the Change in VISA-P Score
REGRESSION
The longitudinal changes in each physical test result are summarized in In the multivariable linear regression models, only a decreased VAS-SLS score was significantly associated with an increase in VISA-P score (β = −1.76; 95% CI, −3.09 to −0.43; The association between change in physical test results and clinical imp...
PMC10623612
Discussion
weakness, pain
This is the first large-scale study unraveling the association between physical test results and change in a patient-reported outcome in athletes with PT. We found that none of the baseline physical test results were identified as a prognostic factor on clinical outcome after exercise treatment. Specifically, baseline ...
PMC10623612
Prognostic Value of Baseline Physical Test Results
To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate whether pretreatment physical test results can predict a 24-week change in VISA-P score for athletes with PT performing exercise therapy. A previous cohort study had identified a set of demographic predictors of 14-week VISA-P change after exercise treatment for PT.
PMC10623612
Association Between Physical Response and Clinical Improvement
Clinical improvement after exercise therapy has been shown in both short-term and long-term follow-ups.
PMC10623612
Lower Limb Muscle Strength and Flexibility
We observed a constant but small increase in lower limb muscle strength and flexibility after exercise therapy over 24 weeks. Several studies have also reported a physical change only with a shorter follow-up duration (12 weeks).
PMC10623612
Performance Test
As for vertical jump height, despite the fact that Sprague et al
PMC10623612
Pain Provocation Tests
In line with a previous study,
PMC10623612
Strengths and Limitations
The major strength of our study is that this is a large prospective study performed in athletes with PT, with structured data collection by a single trained researcher (S.J.B.). The VISA-P score was administered in a standardized way before performing physical tests. Thus, a potential influence on physical test results...
PMC10623612
Conclusion
pain
In this large prospective cohort study, we identified that none of the baseline physical test results were associated with the change in patient-reported outcome over 24 weeks in athletes with PT after exercise treatment. Although muscle strength, flexibility, and pain level were improved during exercise treatment, no ...
PMC10623612
Supplemental Material
PMC10623612
sj-pdf-1-ajs-10.1177_03635465231200241 – Supplemental material for Association Between Physical Tests and Patients-Reported Outcomes in Athletes Performing Exercise Therapy for Patellar Tendinopathy: A Secondary Analysis of the JUMPER Study
Patellar Tendinopathy
BREDA
Click here for additional data file.Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-ajs-10.1177_03635465231200241 for Association Between Physical Tests and Patients-Reported Outcomes in Athletes Performing Exercise Therapy for Patellar Tendinopathy: A Secondary Analysis of the JUMPER Study by Jie Deng, Stephan J Breda, Denise Eygenda...
PMC10623612
References
PMC10623612
Background
IBD, fatigue
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
High doses of oral thiamine improve clinical fatigue scores in patients with quiescent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and chronic fatigue. In this study we analysed plasma samples obtained in a randomised clinical trial and aimed compare levels of vitamins B1, B2, B3 and B6, and their related vitamers and metabolites...
PMC10601301
Methods
fatigue
BLOOD
Blood samples from patients with fatigue were drawn prior and after thiamine exposure and only once for patients without fatigue. A wide panel of analysis were done at Bevital AS Lab.
PMC10601301
Results
fatigue
Concentration of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) was lower in patients with chronic fatigue compared to patients without fatigue (p = 0.02). Patients with chronic fatigue who reported a positive effect on fatigue after 4 weeks of high dose thiamine treatment had a statistically significantly lower level of riboflavin after...
PMC10601301
Keywords
PMC10601301
Introduction
IBD, fatigue
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
High doses of oral thiamine improve clinical scores of fatigue in patients with quiescent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and chronic fatigue (Bager et al. Thiamine is essential for carbohydrates metabolism and mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. Absorption of dietary thiamine occurs in the small in...
PMC10601301
Material and methods
PMC10601301
Blood samples
BLOOD
Blood samples were collected at the time points described above. All plasma samples were stored at − 80 °C and analyzed in one batch after study completion. Plasma were analyses for relevant B-vitamins and metabolites (listed in Table
PMC10601301
Data analysis
fatigue
Baseline data from fatigued patients and non-fatigued patients were compared. Changes in fatigue score before and after actual high dose thiamine treatment were calculated. Data from the group of patients with ≥ 3 points decrease in fatigue were compared to the group with < 3 points decrease.Data were analyzed by nonpa...
PMC10601301
Results and discussion
Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, IBD, fatigue
BLOOD, MINOR, ULCERATIVE COLITIS, INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
Blood samples were available from all 60 IBD patients, i.e. 40 patients with chronic fatigue and 20 patients matched for gender and age and without fatigue. The median age was 35 years (IQR 25–45). Eight patients were men and 52 were women. Half of the patients had Crohn’s disease and half had ulcerative colitis (Table...
PMC10601301
Discussion
chronic fatigued IBD, IBD, fatigue
This study aimed to explore the dynamics in plasma levels of B-vitamins and their related vitamers and metabolites in relation to chronic fatigue in patients with quiescent IBD. We found that the plasma level of FMN was lower in patients with chronic fatigue than in patients without fatigue. Furthermore, we found that ...
PMC10601301
Acknowledgements
We would thank the lab technicians at the Research Lab of the department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology for accuracy, patience, and flexibility.
PMC10601301
Author contributions
PB, CH and JFD designed the study. PB and JFD wrote the manuscript. PB and MM collected the data. PB and JFD analysed the data and made the figures and tables. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.
PMC10601301
Funding
This work was supported by donations from the Health Research Foundation of Central Denmark Region (grant number A1925) and the Aase and Ejnar Danielsen’s Foundation (grant number 18-10-0606). Christian Lodberg Hvas received funding from Novo Nordisk Foundation (grant no. NNF22OC0074080). The funders had no role in stu...
PMC10601301
Availability of data and materials
The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
PMC10601301
Declarations
PMC10601301