title stringlengths 1 1.19k | keywords stringlengths 0 668 | concept stringlengths 0 909 | paragraph stringlengths 0 61.8k | PMID stringlengths 10 11 |
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Handling of missing data | BPD, death | SECONDARY | The primary analysis will be based on an intention to treat population accounting for all infants randomized. If necessary, multiple imputation methods will be used for missing data; however, it is expected there will be very few instances in which the primary outcome cannot be determined. The reason for this is that i... | PMC10629198 |
Descriptive statistics | PMC10629198 | |||
Recruitment and follow-up | All infants at participating hospitals were screened for eligibility for the trial. The CONSORT flow diagram (Fig. Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) 2010 flow diagram | PMC10629198 | ||
Baseline characteristics | Baseline characteristics will be summarized by group as shown in Example Table Baseline characteristics | PMC10629198 | ||
Protocol deviations | Protocol deviations will not result in the exclusion of participants and will not be reported in the manuscript unless requested by editors or reviewers. We do not plan to perform a | PMC10629198 | ||
Analysis of the primary outcome(s) | PMC10629198 | |||
Estimand for the PLUSS primary outcome | ICH, Death, BPD | The addendum to the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) E9 (R1) guidelines [Primary outcome for the PLUSS trial presented in the estimand framework (table layout based on the proposed estimand framework reporting proposed by Kang et al. [Death, or ph... | PMC10629198 | |
Sensitivity analyses | BPD | If an imbalance in demographics from Table A sensitivity analysis will be run for the primary outcome, excluding those infants who had their BPD status (yes/no) determined by using the BPD algorithm, and reported if an important effect on the primary outcome is seen. | PMC10629198 | |
Subgroup analyses | BPD, death, chorioamnionitis | REGRESSION, CHORIOAMNIONITIS | We plan to include a Kaplan–Meier curve of survival up to hospital discharge or 52 weeks’ PMA (whichever comes first). If requested by journal editors or reviewers, we may perform other analyses that are not mentioned in this protocol. These will be performed consistently with the principles of this analysis plan, as f... | PMC10629198 |
Secondary outcomes | PMC10629198 | |||
Safety outcomes | ADVERSE EVENTS | The adverse events listed in the “ | PMC10629198 | |
Exploratory outcomes | If requested by journal editors or reviewers, we may perform other analyses that are not directly mentioned in this protocol. These will be performed consistently with the principles of this analysis plan, as far as possible.Subsequent analyses of a more exploratory nature will not be bound by the strategy described in... | PMC10629198 | ||
Acknowledgements | Not applicable. | PMC10629198 | ||
Authors’ contributions | KLF wrote the first draft. BJM and SMD revised the first draft. All authors then reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors approved the submission of the final draft. | PMC10629198 | ||
Funding | National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australia, (Project Grant No. 1158555); and Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy. The funders had no role in the preparation of this Statistical Analysis Plan. | PMC10629198 | ||
Availability of data and materials | Not applicable. | PMC10629198 | ||
Declarations | PMC10629198 | |||
Ethics approval and consent to participate | The PLUSS trial has been approved by the following human research ethics committees:1. The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia: Reference 36383.2. Mercy Health Human Research Ethics Committee, Melbourne, Australia: Reference 2019–017.3. Mater Misericordiae Ltd Human Research Ethics Committee, Brisbane, Aust... | PMC10629198 | ||
Consent for publication | Not applicable. | PMC10629198 | ||
Competing interests | The authors declare that they have no competing interests. | PMC10629198 | ||
References | PMC10629198 | |||
Objective | GDM | GDM, GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS | Edited by: Feng Zhang, Affliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, ChinaReviewed by: Jian Zhou, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China; Hua Bian, Fudan University, China; Xiaolong Zhao, Fudan University, China†These authors have contributed equally to this workThis article was submitted t... | PMC10155499 |
Methods | weight gain, GDM | GDM | From January 2019 to February 2021, 154 GDM patients with HbA1c<6% at 24–28 gestational weeks were recruited and assigned randomly to either SMBG only or CGM in addition to SMBG, with 77 participants in each group. CGM was used in combination with fingertip blood glucose monitoring every four weeks until antepartum in ... | PMC10155499 |
Results | Compared with patients in the SMBG group, the CGM group patients had similar times in range (TIRs) after 8 weeks (100.00% (93.75-100.00%) versus 99.14% (90.97-100.00%), | PMC10155499 | ||
Conclusions | GDM | GDM | For GDM patients with HbA1c<6%, regular SMBG is a more economical blood glucose monitoring method and can achieve a similar performance in glycemic control as CGM, while CGM is beneficial for ideal GWG. | PMC10155499 |
Introduction | hyperglycemia, GDM, Self-monitored blood glucose | GDM, HYPERGLYCEMIA, GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS, COMPLICATIONS | Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic complications in pregnancy, and its global prevalence is as high as 14.0% (Self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG) refers to monitoring fingertip blood glucose with a glucose meter, which represents an economical and convenient way of understanding rea... | PMC10155499 |
Materials and methods | The study was conducted at the endocrinology outpatient clinic of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. The protocol was approved by the ethics committee of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Written informed consent was obtained from each... | PMC10155499 | ||
Study participants | GDM | GDM | GDM women were diagnosed if one or more plasma glucose values during the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24-28 gestational weeks met or exceeded the following values: 0 h, 5.1 mmol/L; 1 h, 10.0 mmol/L; and 2 h, 8.5 mmol/L ( | PMC10155499 |
Study design | GDM, Diabetes | GDM, RECRUITMENT, GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS, DIABETES | After verification of eligibility, each participant was assigned randomly to either the CGM in addition to SMBG or SMBG only group in a 1:1 ratio stratified by age (≤35 and >35 years old) at 24-28 gestational weeks. Study visits for both groups occurred 4 and 8 weeks after recruitment. Participants were provided with a... | PMC10155499 |
Standard CGM metrics | After the 3-day blood glucose monitoring period, CGM metrics were calculated. Metrics for each patient in day 2 were used for quantification of glycemic variability (GV). The mean of daily differences (MODD) calculation is based on the data of 2 integrated consecutive days (day 2 and day 3). The time in range (TIR) was... | PMC10155499 | ||
Metabolic and clinical measurements | high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, TG | INSULIN RESISTANCE | Each participant was administered a 75-g OGTT. In addition, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), HbA1c and glycated albumin (GA), were detected. HOMA-β and HOMA-IR were calculated to evaluate β-cell function and insul... | PMC10155499 |
Outcomes | macrosomia, LGA, birth injury, CGM-measured | NEONATAL HYPOGLYCEMIA, NEONATAL RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, GESTATIONAL HYPERTENSION, SECONDARY, HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, PRETERM DELIVERY, PREECLAMPSIA | The primary outcome was CGM-measured TIR at 8 weeks after enrollment. The secondary outcomes included HbA1c level before delivery; GWG; birth weight of the newborn; CGM-measured GV; insulin treatment; adverse pregnancy outcomes including gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, rate of cesarean, preterm delivery, macros... | PMC10155499 |
Cost of glucose monitoring during pregnancy | The two groups had the same cost for SMBG. The test strip cost was calculated assuming a cost of ¥3.6 per test strip and lancet. Each participant was distributed 33 strips and lancets every 4 weeks, for a total of 99 strips and lancets. The glucometer cost was estimated to be ¥396 for each participant. The additional c... | PMC10155499 | ||
Statistical analysis | ± | The study was powered to detect an increase in TIR from 94 ± 8% to 98 ± 8%. Considering a p 20% drop-out rate, we needed a total of 154 participants (77 in both groups) (alpha-error.025; beta-error.20; one-sided test).Data were expressed as the mean ± standard deviation or the median with the interquartile range. Norma... | PMC10155499 | |
Results | high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, GDM | GDM, INSULIN RESISTANCE | Between January 2019 and February 2021, 154 participants were randomly assigned to the CGM group (n=77) or SMBG group (n=77). The study outcome visit was completed by 62 participants (82.7%) in the CGM group and 62 (82.7%) in the SMBG group (Demographic and metabolic characteristics of GDM patients at baseline.Data are... | PMC10155499 |
CGM parameters evaluated by CGM after 8 weeks | The CGM metrics after 8 weeks were shown in Continuous glucose monitoring metrics after 8 weeks.Data are expressed as the mean ± SD or median (interquartile range). MBG, mean blood glucose; SD, standard deviation; CV, glucose coefficient of variation; LAGE, large amplitude of glycemic excursions; MAGE, mean amplitude o... | PMC10155499 | ||
Glucose levels, treatment and weight control antepartum | weight gain | There were no between-group significant differences in antepartum HbA1c levels and GA levels. The insulin treatment percentage seemed to be higher in the CGM group but did not reach statistical significance (p=0.610). In the CGM group, 59.7% of cases achieved qualified weight gain at the end of pregnancy, compared to 4... | PMC10155499 | |
Pregnancy outcomes | birth injury, GDM, respiratory distress | GDM, HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, NEONATAL, HYPOGLYCEMIA | Pregnancy outcomes were shown in Pregnancy outcomes of GDM patients.Data are expressed as mean ± SD or n (%). Composite neonatal outcome comprises birth injury, hyperbilirubinemia, neonatal hypoglycemia, respiratory distress, and neonatal intensive care unit admission >24 h. | PMC10155499 |
Cost of glucose monitoring during pregnancy | The cost of glucose monitoring was shown in Cost of Glucose Monitoring during Pregnancy.Protocol: The CGM group was instructed to use CGM every 4 weeks (0, 4 and 8 weeks) for a total of 3 times during the study. SMBG for calibration at least four times a day in CGM period. The SMBG group was also advised to perform SMB... | PMC10155499 | ||
Discussion | LGA, macrosomia, ’ consciousness, weight gain, GDM, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, diabetes complications | ADVERSE EVENTS, PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS, PREMATURE DELIVERY, GDM, HYPERGLYCEMIA, HYPOGLYCEMIA | In this study, we assessed the effect of CGM application compared with SMBG in GDM patients with HbA1c levels <6%. There was no difference in GV, HbA1c levels or perinatal adverse events between the use of CGM and SMBG. However, the CGM group showed better gestational weight control and a lower birth weight of newborns... | PMC10155499 |
Data availability statement | The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation. | PMC10155499 | ||
Ethics statement | The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by the ethics committee of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study. | PMC10155499 | ||
Author contributions | ML and YW conceived of the design of the study and drafted the manuscript. JW, JY, YG, FF, NL and XX contributed to the data collection. MK participated in the data analysis. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version. | PMC10155499 | ||
Acknowledgments | The authors acknowledge the contributions of all the participants. And we thank Yuhang Ma for reviewing the manuscript. | PMC10155499 | ||
Conflict of interest | The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. | PMC10155499 | ||
Publisher’s note | All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or ... | PMC10155499 | ||
References | PMC10155499 | |||
2. Materials and Methods | PMC10744546 | |||
2.1. Ethics | The study protocol was approved on 17 March 2022 by the Certified Clinical Research Committee of Hiroshima University (certification number: CRB210005), registered with the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCTs062220008), and submitted to the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Written informed consent was obtai... | PMC10744546 | ||
2.2. Study Objectives and Eligibility Criteria | HNSCC, head and neck cancer | HEAD AND NECK CANCER | This single-center, exploratory, single-arm prospective study was conducted to evaluate the safety of TESS in patients enrolled and treated between 13 April 2022 and 30 March 2023. Ten patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer who underwent CRT were selected from Hiroshima University Hospital. The eligibility... | PMC10744546 |
2.3. Measurement Items | PMC10744546 | |||
2.3.1. Physical Status | skeletal muscle mass | Patients’ height and weight were measured, and their body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Their skeletal muscle mass was calculated using bioelectrical impedance analysis with the InBody S10 (InBody Japan Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), and their skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was calculated [ | PMC10744546 | |
2.3.2. HD-sEMG | The muscle activity of the SHMG was measured using HD-sEMG. The electrodes were 64 channels in 13 rows and 5 columns of a 1 mm diameter sheet (GR04MM1305, OT Bioelettronica Co. Ltd., Torino, Italy). The electrode sheet was affixed to the anterior cervical midline between the mandible and hyoid bone (The electrode sheet... | PMC10744546 | ||
2.3.3. Measurements of Tongue Muscle Strength | TONGUE, CONTRACTION | Tongue muscle strength was measured using a tongue strength meter (Takei Scientific Instruments Co. Ltd., Niigata, Japan). The maximum tongue muscle strength produced by pushing the tongue depressor was measured using isometric contraction for 3 s. The highest value was considered the maximum tongue strength. A ramp-up... | PMC10744546 | |
2.3.4. Tongue Pressure | incisors, palate | TONGUE, CAVITY | Tongue pressure was measured using the JMS tongue pressure monitor TPM-01 (JMS Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan). A tongue pressure probe was inserted into the oral cavity, and the base of the probe was lightly cupped by the upper and lower incisors to fix the mandible. The probe was fixed between the anterior part of the t... | PMC10744546 |
2.4. Swallowing Muscle Exercise | mouth-opening | CONTRACTION, CONTRACTIONS | Swallowing exercises were performed five days a week for eight weeks, with mouth-opening training, cervical isometric contraction exercises, and Shaker exercises. For the mouth-opening training, three sets of 20 opening movements were performed at the maximum opening position. For the cervical isometric contraction exe... | PMC10744546 |
2.5. Statistical Analysis | Patients’ height, weight, BMI, SMI, and tongue pressure were measured before and after treatment. Two parameters, the CoV and RMS, were calculated using the HD-sEMG. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the results before and after each treatment. The rate of change (measured value before start–measured va... | PMC10744546 | ||
3. Results | The 10 enrolled patients were all males. The clinical data of the 10 patients are presented in The values of the CoV and RMS correlation coefficients between the rate of change in body weight and HD-sEMG parameters were, respectively, CoV In HD-sEMG, a significant correlation was observed between the rate of change in ... | PMC10744546 | ||
4. Discussion | dysphagia, muscle mass, muscle weakness, nausea, fatigue, stomatitis, sarcopenia, vomiting, pain, head and neck cancer, mucositis, muscle contractions, dermatitis | DYSPHAGIA, MUSCLE WEAKNESS, MUSCLE ATROPHY, STOMATITIS, ADVERSE EVENTS, RECRUITMENT, SARCOPENIA, HEAD AND NECK CANCER, MUCOSITIS, SCARRING, DERMATITIS | Although CRT for head and neck cancer has been reported to cause tissue scarring, muscle atrophy, and muscle weakness [Muscle strength is regulated by the muscle fibers and the nerve factors that activate them. Nerve factors control the recruitment and discharge rate of the MU during muscle contractions; the higher the... | PMC10744546 |
5. Conclusions | weight loss, SMI reduction | ADVERSE EVENTS, HEAD AND NECK CANCER, RECRUITMENT | Muscle-strengthening exercises were performed in patients undergoing CRT for head and neck cancer, and their effects before and after treatment were investigated using HD-sEMG. Although no significant changes were observed before and after treatment, significant correlations were observed between the rate of weight los... | PMC10744546 |
Author Contributions | Investigation, data curation, formal analysis, visualization, writing—original draft, K.Y. (Kohei Yoshikawa); conceptualization, methodology, project administration, visualization, writing—review and editing, T.H.; investigation, data curation, Y.S., K.Y. (Kohei Yumii), N.C., T.T., K.T., M.N. and T.K.; data curation an... | PMC10744546 | ||
Institutional Review Board Statement | The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and the study protocol was approved 17 March 2022 by the Certified Clinical Research Committee of Hiroshima University (certification number: CRB210005), registered with the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCTs062220008), and submitted by the M... | PMC10744546 | ||
Informed Consent Statement | Written informed consent was obtained from all patients involved in the study. | PMC10744546 | ||
Data Availability Statement | The data presented in this study are available upon reasonable request from the corresponding authors. | PMC10744546 | ||
Conflicts of Interest | Food Care Corporation provided the consumables used to attach the IFCDs. Conflicts related to this study were appropriately managed using the standards for man-aging conflicts of interest in clinical research under the Clinical Research Act. The funders had no role in the study design; collection, analyses, or interpre... | PMC10744546 | ||
References | skeletal muscle mass | ONCOLOGY | Interferential current device named “Gentle-Stim”.High-density surface electromyography (HD-sEMG).Characteristics of the patients enrolled.ECOG PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status.Details of patients background and treatment.CRT: chemoradiotherapy, IC: induction chemotherapy, BRT: bio-radiotherapy... | PMC10744546 |
Background | Research shows that interventions to protect the sensitive physiological process of birth by improving the birthing room design may positively affect perinatal outcomes. It is, however, crucial to understand the mechanisms and contextual elements that influence the outcomes of such complex interventions. Hence, we aime... | PMC10585888 | ||
Methods | This qualitative study reports on the implementation of the new birthing room, which was evaluated in the Room4Birth randomised controlled trial in Sweden. Individual interviews were undertaken with care providers, including assistant nurses, midwives, obstetricians, and managers (n = 21). A content analysis of intervi... | PMC10585888 | ||
Results | The implementation of the new room challenged the prevailing biomedical paradigm within the labour ward context and raised the care providers’ awareness about the complex interplay between birth physiology and the environment. This awareness had the potential to encourage care providers to be more emotionally present, ... | PMC10585888 | ||
Conclusion | Our findings highlight the disparity that existed between what care providers considered valuable for women during childbirth and their own requirements from the built environment based on their professional responsibilities. This identified disparity emphasises the importance of hospital birthing rooms (i) supporting ... | PMC10585888 | ||
Trial registration | ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03948815, 14/05/2019. | PMC10585888 | ||
Supplementary Information | The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-023-10051-3. | PMC10585888 | ||
Keywords | Open access funding provided by University of Gothenburg. | PMC10585888 | ||
Introduction | Both in Sweden and around the world, there is a trend towards an increase in the number of medical interventions during labour, such as caesarean births and the use of synthetic oxytocin for labour augmentation due to prolonged progress [Previous literature has described how the architectural design of healthcare facil... | PMC10585888 | ||
Methods | To gain an understanding of the implementation of the intervention evaluated in the Room4Birth RCT [ | PMC10585888 | ||
Theoretical perspective | The study was informed by the Normalisation Process Theory (NPT), which seeks to understand how new practices become embedded or In the original NPT framework, there are four primary constructs related to the mechanisms that influence the implementation and normalisation of interventions [ | PMC10585888 | ||
Setting | COMPLICATION, COMPLICATIONS | In Sweden, childbirth generally takes place in hospitals owned by the regions, in which the provided care is funded for all citizens through taxes. Birth without complications is independently handled under the responsibility of midwives. Obstetricians are consulted and are responsible in case of complication, but midw... | PMC10585888 | |
The birthing room intervention | The Room4Birth research project was closely linked to a project managing the planning and building of a new maternity clinic at the hospital. The new birthing room was implemented to study the effect of its design on perinatal outcomes, and to allow care providers to evaluate it prior to the start of the building proce... | PMC10585888 | ||
Data analysis | The de-identified interviews were transcribed verbatim and listened to repeatedly to gain complete familiarity with the data. A two-stage approach was adopted for the analysis assisted by the NVivo software package (version 12). First, an inductive coding of the transcripts was carried out based on qualitative content ... | PMC10585888 | ||
Results | Five categories, mapped into the NPT coding manual, describe the care providers’ experiences of the implementation of the new birthing room (Fig.
Map of categories organised from the 12 constructs of the Normalisation Process Theory coding manual [ | PMC10585888 | ||
Implementation context | The findings within the implementation domain describe how the context affected the extent to which the intervention could be integrated into the existing environment. Categories included in the domain were — | PMC10585888 | ||
Implementation mechanisms | The findings within the mechanism domain describe the care providers’ appraisal of the new room and the work that they did to integrate it as a part of ordinary practice. The implementation of the new room raised awareness about the importance of a more health-promoting view of birth, but it could also create a clash b... | PMC10585888 | ||
Implementation outcome | The outcome domain describes how the intervention changed care providers’ way of working and how this change was incorporated into daily practices. This domain included one category — | PMC10585888 | ||
Discussion | ADVERSE EVENTS, COMPLICATIONS | The analysis of care providers’ experiences regarding the implementation of the new birthing room identified contextual elements, mechanisms and outcomes influencing the extent to which the room could be integrated as part of ordinary practice. Implementing the new room into the existing building raised the care provid... | PMC10585888 | |
Strengths and limitations | Using the NPT framework for the data collection and analysis was useful to understand care providers’ experiences of the implementation of the new room, as well as factors influencing the process of integrating it into daily practice [The individual interviews were conducted before the effectiveness of the intervention... | PMC10585888 | ||
Conclusions | insecurity | This study demonstrates that care providers found the birthing room intervention to be valuable and in alignment with their views of factors that support women’s birth physiology. The implementation of the new birthing room challenged the prevailing biomedical paradigm of the labour ward and had the potential to shift ... | PMC10585888 | |
Electronic supplementary material | Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Supplementary Material 1
Supplementary Material 2 | PMC10585888 | ||
Acknowledgements | We express gratitude to all the care providers who shared their experiences as well as all the participants recruited in the Room4Birth RCT. We would also like to thank study midwife Anna Andrén for contributing to the development of the interview guide and for conducting most of the interviews. The implementation proc... | PMC10585888 | ||
Authors’ contributions | The following contribution is confirmed by the authors: LG, MT, HG, MB designed the study conception, LG collected, handled, and analysed the data. All authors contributed to the interpretation of the findings. LG wrote the manuscript with input from all authors. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. | PMC10585888 | ||
Funding | This research was funded by the Swedish Research Council. The funding body did not have any role in the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data — or in the writing of the manuscript.Open access funding provided by University of Gothenburg. | PMC10585888 | ||
Data availability | The data used and analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. | PMC10585888 | ||
Declarations | PMC10585888 | |||
Competing interests | The authors declare no competing interests. | PMC10585888 | ||
Ethics approval and consent to participate | Ethical permission was obtained from the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (approval reference No. 478 − 18 and 2021 − 01516) and the study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki [ | PMC10585888 | ||
Consent for publication | Not applicable. | PMC10585888 | ||
References | PMC10585888 | |||
Subject terms | MINOR | The intermediate bacterial microbiota is a heterogeneous group that varies in the severity of the dysbiosis, from minor deficiency to total absence of vaginal | PMC10154324 | |
Introduction | PTD, vaginal dysbiosis | PRETERM DELIVERY | Despite progress in perinatology, prevention of preterm delivery (PTD) is still a leading problem in obstetricsCurrently, there is insufficient evidence on the natural history of intermediate vaginal microbiota to determine its prognosisWe have observed a correlation between intermediate microbiota detected in first tr... | PMC10154324 |
Discussion | PTD, dysbiosis, vaginal dysbiosis | EARLY PREGNANCY | The potential benefit of vaginally applying Although current literature suggests that women with PTD have a reduced presence of lactobacilli as part of the vaginal microbiome, increased bacterial diversity, and low vaginal levels of beta-defensin-2Nevertheless, intermediate dysbiosis has a prevalence of approximately 7... | PMC10154324 |
Conclusion | dysbiosis | HAND INFECTION | The dominance of vaginal lactobacilli is crucial to the health of every woman’s vaginal ecosystem. Their protective role is one of the fundamental characteristics of the normal microbiota, particularly during pregnancy. There is a lack of consensus on the management of vaginal dysbiosis during pregnancy. The results of... | PMC10154324 |
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