title stringlengths 1 1.19k | keywords stringlengths 0 668 | concept stringlengths 0 909 | paragraph stringlengths 0 61.8k | PMID stringlengths 10 11 |
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Results | PMC10403822 | |||
Participant recruitment and retention | RECRUITMENT | Thirty-one participants who attended the memory clinic were screened for inclusion in the present pilot study, of which 21 were included in the study and provided baseline data. The reasons for exclusion at the screening stage are included in the flow diagram in Fig.
Recruitment flow diagram.
Participant characterist... | PMC10403822 | |
Completeness of data | Of the 18 participants who completed the follow-up assessment, all provided physical function, cognitive function, and health, wellbeing and psychological outcome data across all tests. Sixteen of the 18 participants returned their exercise snacking logbooks, which showed a reported adherence rate of 80% of all exercis... | PMC10403822 | ||
Acceptability | The quantitative scores indicated an overall acceptability rating from the exercise snacking intervention by completers of the study of 4.6 out of 5. The highest rated aspects of the TFA by study participants were self-efficacy (4.3) and affective response (4.1), followed by ethicality (3.9), coherence (3.8) and effect... | PMC10403822 | ||
Exploratory analysis of outcome data | SECONDARY | Changes were observed from baseline to follow-up for total SPPB score (8 (1) vs. 9 (3),
Individual changes in (a) total Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score, (b) 60-second sit-to-stand score, (c) timed up and go (TUG) time following 28-days of exercise snacking, and (d) left leg single balance time (to 60 s... | PMC10403822 | |
Discussion | cognitive impairment | This study provides preliminary evidence that a simple homebased, twice daily exercise snacking programme appears to be acceptable to pre-frail older adult memory clinic attendees. Qualitative data from 15 of the 18 completers suggested that the simplicity of the exercises, and the short, simple to do nature of exercis... | PMC10403822 | |
Electronic supplementary material | Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Additional file 1 | PMC10403822 | ||
Acknowledgements | We are extremely grateful to the participants, and the RICE research staff Melissa Nolan and Bethany Fine for their support with the study. Financial support for this work came from an NIHR Research Capability Funding award distributed by the Royal United Hospitals, Bath. | PMC10403822 | ||
Authors’ contributions | RECRUITMENT | MW, OP, and TW conceived and designed the study, and obtained funding. VB and KK were responsible for participant recruitment and data collection. MW and OP analysed data and prepared the manuscript, and all authors read and approved the final manuscript. | PMC10403822 | |
Funding | This study was funded by a Research Capability Fund award from the Royal United Hospitals, Bath. The funding body were not involved in the design of the study, the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data, or in writing the manuscript. | PMC10403822 | ||
Data Availability | The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. | PMC10403822 | ||
Declarations | PMC10403822 | |||
Ethics approval and consent to participate | WEST | The protocol was approved by the National Health Service (NHS) South West – Frenchay Research Ethics Committee (Ref: 22/SW/0084), conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000, and registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT05439252, 30/06/2022). Informed consent was obtained f... | PMC10403822 | |
Consent for publication | Informed consent from all subjects and/or their legal guardian(s) was received for publication of identifying information/images in an online open-access publication. | PMC10403822 | ||
Competing interests | The authors declare no competing interests. | PMC10403822 | ||
References | PMC10403822 | |||
Background | inflammation | INFLAMMATION, LUNG DISEASES, NON-CYSTIC FIBROSIS BRONCHIECTASIS | Brensocatib is an oral, selective, reversible inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-1 (DPP-1), responsible for activating neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs) including neutrophil elastase (NE), proteinase 3 (PR3), and cathepsin G (CatG). In chronic inflammatory lung diseases such as non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFBE... | PMC10189992 |
Methods | The 24-week WILLOW trial (NCT03218917) was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial in patients with NCFBE conducted at 116 sites across 14 countries. In this trial, treatment with brensocatib was associated with improvements in clinical outcomes including time to first exacerbation, reducti... | PMC10189992 | ||
Results | POSITIVE | NE, PR3 and CatG activities were reduced in sputum and NE activity was reduced in WBC extracts in a dose-dependent manner after four weeks of brensocatib treatment, with a return to baseline four weeks after the end of treatment. Brensocatib produced the greatest reduction in the sputum activity of CatG, followed by NE... | PMC10189992 | |
Supplementary Information | The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-023-02444-z. | PMC10189992 | ||
Keywords | PMC10189992 | |||
Background | respiratory disease | RESPIRATORY DISEASE, NON-CYSTIC FIBROSIS BRONCHIECTASIS | Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFBE) is a chronic, progressive respiratory disease defined by permanent dilatation of the bronchi [Dipeptidyl peptidase-1 (DPP-1, EC 3.4.14.1), also known as cathepsin C, is an enzyme responsible for activating NE, PR3, and CatG zymogens in promyelocytes during neutrophil different... | PMC10189992 |
Methods | PMC10189992 | |||
Trial design and data analysis | alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency, bronchiectasis, asthma | ALPHA1-ANTITRYPSIN DEFICIENCY, BRONCHIECTASIS, HYPOGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA, PERIODONTITIS, CYSTIC FIBROSIS, COMMON VARIABLE IMMUNODEFICIENCY, CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE, SECONDARY, ASTHMA | The WILLOW trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03218917; EudraCT: 2017-002533-32) was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial conducted at 116 sites across 14 countries [Key exclusion criteria included bronchiectasis due to a clinical diagnosis of cystic fibrosis, hypogammaglobulinemia, common va... | PMC10189992 |
WBC collection procedure | BLOOD | Blood was collected from participating patients at each of the following visits: Day 1 (pre-dose), weeks 2, 4, 12, 24 (the end of the treatment period), and at week 28 (4 weeks after the end of the treatment period) [ | PMC10189992 | |
NE extraction from WBC pellets | agitation | An NSP extraction methodology utilizing surfactant and mechanical agitation has previously been described and qualified [ | PMC10189992 | |
Quantitation of WBC NE activities | To quantify the activity of NE in the WBC pellets, kinetic enzymatic assays were applied to the WBC lysate samples as previously described [For the data analyses, only patients with baseline WBC extract NE values were evaluated to enable a determination of the change in NE activity from baseline. There were patients wi... | PMC10189992 | ||
Sputum collection procedure | Sputum was collected from participating patients at each of the following visits: Screening Visit, Day 1 (pre-dose), weeks 2, 4, 12, 24 (the end of the treatment period), and at week 28 (4 weeks after the end of the treatment period) [ | PMC10189992 | ||
Quantitation of sputum NSP activity | ® | SECONDARY | To measure the activity of NE, PR3, and CatG in sputum, the ProAxsis ProteaseTag® Active NSP Immunoassays (ProAxsis, Belfast, UK) were used as a sandwich ELISA assay. Immunoassay plates were coated with a capture tag which allowed selective bindings to the active form of the specific NSP (NE, PR3 or CatG) on the plates... | PMC10189992 |
Sputum NSP data analysis criteria | The baseline sputum NSP values represented the average of the sputum NSP values from the subject’s Screening visit and Day 1 (pre-dose) visit as both visits were prior to the initiation of treatment. If one of the Screening or the Day 1 NSP values was below the quantification limit (BQL), then the non-BQL value was use... | PMC10189992 | ||
Correlation of sputum NSPs | The correlation of sputum NSP activities was determined for all patients combined, irrespective of treatment arms at baseline and for all timepoints. The correlations of sputum NSP activities were further analyzed according to treatment group: placebo, 10 mg brensocatib, or 25 mg brensocatib at baseline and for each ti... | PMC10189992 | ||
Results | PMC10189992 | |||
Distribution analysis of WBC and sputum NSP activities | The WILLOW trial randomized 256 patients, and 89, 81 and 85 had sputum NSP activity data in the 25 mg brensocatib, 10 mg brensocatib, and placebo groups, respectively. Baseline and post-baseline NE activity data in blood was reportable for 37, 30 and 35 patients, respectively. The prespecified analysis of sputum NSP ac... | PMC10189992 | ||
Effect of brensocatib treatment on active NE levels in WBCs | ± | The total number of reportable NE activities from the blood samples at baseline and over the course of the trial was 256 for placebo, 239 for 10 mg brensocatib, and 299 for 25 mg brensocatib. The effect of treatment on NE activity in WBCs was also evaluated. Active NE levels in WBC extracts were reduced by brensocatib ... | PMC10189992 | |
Correlation of effect on active sputum NSP levels | REGRESSION | We were further interested in understanding any possible correlations among the sputum NSP activities. The three pairs of sputum NSP biomarkers are plotted in Fig. Correlation of sputum NSP activities from all treatment arms. Pearson correlation analysis within sputum NSPs at (The slightly less positive NSP correlation... | PMC10189992 | |
Discussion | bronchiectasis, bacterial infection, reductions in airway inflammation, inflammatory disorder, A1AT, reductions in lung inflammation | LUNG INFLAMMATION, BRONCHIECTASIS, INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE, BACTERIAL INFECTION, RECRUITMENT, INFLAMMATORY DISORDER, AIRWAY DISEASE, BRONCHIECTASIS | Bronchiectasis is an inflammatory disorder and neutrophils dominate the airway inflammatory profile in the majority of bronchiectasis patients. NSPs such as NE, PR3 and CatG are released from neutrophil granules when neutrophils are activated and during the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps [There are current... | PMC10189992 |
Conclusions | reductions in blood NE | Brensocatib demonstrated dose dependent reductions in blood NE and sputum NSP activity in the WILLOW study. These data suggest a broad anti-inflammatory effect of brensocatib underlying its clinical efficacy observed in NCFBE patients. | PMC10189992 | |
Acknowledgements | The authors acknowledge Jun Zou who supported the biostats analysis for the WILLOW study and the following Insmed colleagues who contributed to the analysis of the NE activity in the WILLOW blood samples: Amruta Sabnis, Arielle Dorfman, Kuan-Ju Chen, Franziska Leifer, Xizhe Zhao, Jeong Yeong Kang, Mary Atalla, Sadikul ... | PMC10189992 | ||
Author contributions | JZ, BK, JDC, CF, KCM, WRP, EJS, and DC provided the concept for this manuscript. JZ, JB, DL, CF, KCM, WRP, EJS, and DC designed the methodology. JZ, JB, DL and DC conducted the formal analysis and data curation. Writing—Original Draft Preparation: JZ and DC authored the original manuscript. JZ, BK, JDC, JB, DL, CF, AT,... | PMC10189992 | ||
Funding | This research was funded by Insmed Incorporated. | PMC10189992 | ||
Availability of data and materials | All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article [and its Additional information files]. | PMC10189992 | ||
Declarations | PMC10189992 | |||
Ethics approval and consent to participate | The WILLOW trial was performed in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, International Conference on Harmonisation Good Clinical Practice guidelines, and applicable regulatory requirements. Approvals from independent ethics committees were obtained. Informed consent was obtained from all... | PMC10189992 | ||
Consent for publication | Not applicable. | PMC10189992 | ||
Competing interests | Zambon | DC, JS, DL, CF, AT, KGM, JZ, WP and EJS are employees of Insmed Incorporated, Bridgewater, New Jersey. JDC has received grants and personal fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, GlaxoSmithKline, Zambon, and Insmed Incorporated; a grant from Gilead; and personal fees from Novartis and Chiesi. BK has received pers... | PMC10189992 | |
References | PMC10189992 | |||
Key Points | PMC10755607 | |||
Question | insomnia | Which first-stage treatment is optimal for improving daytime functions among patients with insomnia, and which second-stage treatment offers the best added value for patients whose insomnia has not remitted? | PMC10755607 | |
Findings | depressive symptoms, fatigue, insomnia disorder | In a randomized clinical trial of 211 adults with insomnia disorder, first-stage treatment with behavioral therapy (BT) or zolpidem produced significant improvements for various daytime outcomes, including depressive symptoms, fatigue, functional impairments, and mental health, that were no different between groups. Ad... | PMC10755607 | |
Meaning | insomnia | These findings support the comparable efficacy between sequential treatments starting with BT and zolpidem for addressing the daytime consequences of insomnia. | PMC10755607 | |
Importance | insomnia, Daytime functional impairments | Daytime functional impairments are the primary reasons for patients with insomnia to seek treatment, yet little is known about what the optimal treatment is for improving daytime functions and how best to proceed with treatment for patients whose insomnia has not remitted. | PMC10755607 | |
Objectives | insomnia | To compare the efficacy of behavioral therapy (BT) and zolpidem as initial therapies for improving daytime functions among patients with insomnia and evaluate the added value of a second treatment for patients whose insomnia has not remitted. | PMC10755607 | |
Design, Setting, and Participants | DISORDER, MAY, CHRONIC INSOMNIA | In this sequential multiple-assignment randomized clinical trial conducted at institutions in Canada and the US, 211 adults with chronic insomnia disorder were enrolled between May 1, 2012, and December 31, 2015, and followed up for 12 months. Statistical analyses were performed on an intention-to-treat basis in April ... | PMC10755607 | |
Interventions | insomnia | Participants were randomly assigned to either BT or zolpidem as first-stage therapy, and those whose insomnia had not remitted received a second-stage psychological therapy (BT or cognitive therapy) or medication therapy (zolpidem or trazodone). | PMC10755607 | |
Main Outcomes and Measures | mood disturbances, insomnia, fatigue | Study outcomes were daytime symptoms of insomnia, including mood disturbances, fatigue, functional impairments of insomnia, and scores on the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) physical and mental health components. | PMC10755607 | |
Results | −7.3, Anxiety, fatigue, anxiety, insomnia, depressive symptoms, −6.7, Depression, −4.7, Fatigue | Among 211 adults with insomnia (132 women [63%]; mean [SD] age, 45.6 [14.9] years), 104 were allocated to BT and 107 to zolpidem at the first stage. First-stage treatment with BT or zolpidem yielded significant and equivalent benefits for most of the daytime outcomes, including depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inve... | PMC10755607 | |
Conclusions and Relevance | insomnia, insomnia disorder | In this randomized clinical trial of adults with insomnia disorder, BT and zolpidem produced improvements for various daytime symptoms of insomnia that were no different between treatments. Adding a second treatment offered an added value with further improvements of daytime functions. | PMC10755607 | |
Trial Registration | insomnia | ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: This randomized clinical trial compares the efficacy of behavioral therapy and zolpidem as initial therapies for improving daytime functions among patients with insomnia and evaluates the added value of a second treatment for patients whose insomnia has not remitted. | PMC10755607 | |
Introduction | insomnia, Insomnia, sleep disorder | SECONDARY | Insomnia is a highly prevalent sleep disorder that tends to be persistent or recurrentCurrent recommended treatments for insomnia in clinical practice guidelines include 2 major approaches: psychological therapies (ie, cognitive behavioral therapy [CBT]) and medications (eg, benzodiazepine-receptor agonists and sedatin... | PMC10755607 |
Methods | PMC10755607 | |||
Study Design | insomnia, comorbid psychiatric disorder | This study is part of an RCT that aimed to examine the comparative efficacy of 4 treatment sequences involving psychological and medication therapies for insomnia with and without comorbid psychiatric disorder (trial protocol in This project adopted a sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART) design with ... | PMC10755607 | |
Participant Flow in the Sequential Treatment for Insomnia | Reprinted with permission from Morin et al. | PMC10755607 | ||
Participants | psychiatric disorders | CHRONIC INSOMNIA | A total of 211 adults with chronic insomnia were recruited from the community through media advertisements and physician referrals. All participants included in the study met the following criteria: (1) aged 21 years or older, (2) persistent (>1 month) difficulties initiating or maintaining sleep despite adequate oppor... | PMC10755607 |
Outcome Measures | mood disturbances, insomnia, fatigue | The current study focused on changes in daytime functional outcomes, including mood disturbances, fatigue, functional impairments of insomnia, and the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) physical and mental health components. | PMC10755607 | |
Treatments | PMC10755607 | |||
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy | The first-stage psychological therapy consisted of BT, which included sleep restriction | PMC10755607 | ||
Medication | depressive symptoms | The first-stage medication treatment involved sublingual zolpidem, 5 mg to 10 mg, taken nightly at bedtime. The second-stage pharmacotherapy consisted of trazodone, 50 to 150 mg, taken 30 minutes before bedtime. As a serotonin receptor antagonist and reuptake inhibitor antidepressant, trazodone can alleviate a wide ran... | PMC10755607 | |
Statistical Analysis | The intention-to-treat analyses were performed in April and October 2023. To evaluate each treatment sequence while taking into account the nature of the SMART design (ie, 2 randomizations, where the second is conditional on the response to the first), the analytic strategy was based on recommendations from Nahum-Shani... | PMC10755607 | ||
Results | PMC10755607 | |||
Participants | insomnia disorder | A total of 211 adults (132 women [63%]; mean [SD] age, 45.6 [14.9] years; 14 Black participants [7%], 11 Hispanic participants [5%], 182 White participants [86%], and 4 participants [2%] of other race or ethnicity [Asian (n = 2), Middle Eastern origin (n = 1), and not specified (n = 1)]) who met criteria for insomnia d... | PMC10755607 | |
Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics of Participants | Reprinted with permission from Morin et al.Asian (n = 2), Middle Eastern origin (n = 1), and not specified (n = 1).Percentages do not total 100 due to missing data.Of the 211 randomized participants, 168 completed first-stage therapy ( | PMC10755607 | ||
Follow-Up Assessments | anxiety | Both conditions starting with BT showed significant improvements from post2 to 12-month follow-up for anxiety symptoms (mean change in STAI-Trait score: BT plus zolpidem, −4.6 [95% CI, −7.7 to −1.5]; | PMC10755607 | |
Subgroup Analysis for Participants With Psychiatric Comorbidity | psychiatric comorbidity | The findings in the subgroup analysis by psychiatric comorbidity (absent vs present) were similar to those from the main analysis for most of the outcomes. However, they are not reported in detail here due to the small sample sizes and reduced power for those analyses. | PMC10755607 | |
Discussion | depressive, insomnia, depressive symptoms | The current study showed that first-stage treatment with BT or zolpidem was effective in reducing daytime symptoms of insomnia, with no significant differences between groups. The addition of a second-stage therapy resulted in an added value in enhancing daytime functions. In particular, immediate effects of second-sta... | PMC10755607 | |
Limitations | mood disturbances, daytime impairments, insomnia, fatigue | REMISSION | Some of the findings need to be interpreted cautiously given some methodological limitations. First, the lack of a control condition and the relatively small sample sizes for each treatment sequence may reduce the statistical power to detect more significant group differences. Second, only patients whose insomnia did n... | PMC10755607 |
Conclusions | insomnia, anxiety | The present study documented the efficacy of BT and zolpidem for improving daytime functional outcomes among patients with insomnia and the effect of BT on reducing anxiety symptoms. Adding a second treatment offered an added value for further improvements of daytime functions. Future developments of insomnia treatment... | PMC10755607 | |
1. Introduction | cough, throat | COLD, FLU | These authors contributed equally to this work.There is wide variation in how individuals perceive the chemosensory attributes of liquid formulations of ibuprofen, encompassing both adults and children. To understand personal variation in the taste and chemesthesis properties of this medicine, and how to measure it, ou... | PMC10487938 |
2. Results | PMC10487938 | |||
2.1. Panel Characteristics | The 154 panelists (64 males; 90 females) who met the inclusion criteria had a mean age of 34 ± 1 years and represented the diversity of the city where they lived: Philadelphia, PA, USA [ | PMC10487938 | ||
2.2. Chemosensory Phenotypes | cough, throat, epiglottis | As shown in Psychophysical ratings varied widely across panelists for all conditions. Sip-and-spit ratings for sweetness, irritation, bitterness, and palatability were predictors of ratings after swallowing (A greater proportion of panelists experienced the urge to cough and throat tingling/scratching in the swallow co... | PMC10487938 | |
3. Discussion | Chemesthetic sensations, throat, human immunodeficiency virus | HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS | We found reproducible individual differences among adults in the taste and palatability of a popular OTC ibuprofen-containing pediatric formulation and two of its sweetening excipients, and genetic variation contributed to some of these differences. Swallowing the formulation intensified perceived irritation and bitter... | PMC10487938 |
4. Materials and Methods | PMC10487938 | |||
4.1. Participants and Stimuli | Healthy adults trained as sensory panelists were enrolled in a multisession study as trained sensory panelists to evaluate the taste of a variety of pediatric liquid formulations and excipients, one of which was an over-the-counter (OTC) sweetened suspension containing ibuprofen (100 mg/5 mL, 2% The study was temporari... | PMC10487938 | ||
4.2. Phenotyping | numbing, stinging, taste sensations, sneeze, throat, cough, palate, epiglottis | Using a double-blind study design, panelists were tested in closed rooms designed specifically for sensory testing, with red light illumination to eliminate the effect of the color of the solution, if any, on sensory ratings. During the first session, panelists were trained individually to identify basic taste sensatio... | PMC10487938 | |
4.3. Genotyping, Genetic Ancestry, and Candidate Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) | Saliva samples were collected from each enrolled panelist (Kinship analysis was performed with KING (version 2.2.7) [The imputation of genotypes to a greater portion of the human genome was performed on Michigan Imputation Server ( | PMC10487938 | ||
4.4. Statistical Analyses | Salty | We computed descriptive statistics and used the Shapiro–Wilk test to assess for normality. Salty and savory ratings were rarely provided and therefore eliminated from the analysis. The gLMS ratings for sweetness were normally distributed (First, we focused on phenotyping data from 154 panelists. Separate ANOVA tests de... | PMC10487938 | |
Supplementary Materials | The supporting information can be downloaded at Click here for additional data file. | PMC10487938 | ||
Author Contributions | Study concept and design, and project administration: J.A.M. and E.D.L.; methodology: J.A.M.; acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: J.A.M., M.K., M.Y.P., B.E.H., E.D.L., L.R.S. and J.D.M.; writing—original draft preparation: J.A.M. and M.K.; writing—review and editing: J.A.M., M.K., M.Y.P., B.E.H., L.R.S. a... | PMC10487938 | ||
Institutional Review Board Statement | The study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki for Medical Research involving Human Subjects and was approved by the Office of Regulatory Affairs at the University of Pennsylvania and the Institutional Review Board of the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (protocol number 829945; date of approval: 28 June 2018). | PMC10487938 | ||
Informed Consent Statement | Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study. | PMC10487938 | ||
Data Availability Statement | Summary statistics for SNP–phenotype associations and R codes for statistical analysis are available upon reasonable request and the Data Usage Agreement should be sent to corresponding authors Julie A. Mennella ( | PMC10487938 | ||
Conflicts of Interest | The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funder had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results. | PMC10487938 | ||
Appendix A | allergies | ALLERGIES | Study flow chart. The study population consisted of women and men who were non-smokers; had no known allergies or sensitivities to any of the medications or stimuli included in the taste panel; and who were not taking and had not taken in the recent past any medication that was contraindicated to those included in the ... | PMC10487938 |
Background | Scientists often make cognitive claims (eg, the results of their work) and normative claims (eg, what should be done based on those results). Yet, these types of statements contain very different information and implications. This randomized controlled trial sought to characterize the granular effects of using normativ... | PMC10131812 | ||
Objective | Our study examined whether viewing a social media post containing scientific claims about face masks for COVID-19 using both normative and cognitive language (intervention arm) would reduce perceptions of trust and credibility in science and scientists compared with an identical post using only cognitive language (cont... | PMC10131812 | ||
Methods | This was a 2-arm, parallel group, randomized controlled trial. We aimed to recruit 1500 US adults (age 18+) from the Prolific platform who were representative of the US population census by cross sections of age, race/ethnicity, and gender. Participants were randomly assigned to view 1 of 2 images of a social media pos... | PMC10131812 | ||
Results | From September 4, 2022, to September 6, 2022, 1526 individuals completed the study. For the sample as a whole (eg, without interaction terms), there was no evidence that a single exposure to normative language affected perceptions of trust or credibility in science or scientists. When including the interaction term (st... | PMC10131812 | ||
Conclusions | SECONDARY | This study does not support the authors’ original hypotheses that single exposures to normative language can reduce perceptions of trust or credibility in science or scientists for all people. However, the secondary preregistered analyses indicate the possibility that political orientation may differentially mediate th... | PMC10131812 | |
Trial Registration | OSF | OSF Registries osf.io/kb3yh; https://osf.io/kb3yh | PMC10131812 | |
International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) | RR2-10.2196/41747 | PMC10131812 |
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