title stringlengths 1 1.19k | keywords stringlengths 0 668 | concept stringlengths 0 909 | paragraph stringlengths 0 61.8k | PMID stringlengths 10 11 |
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References | PMC10325040 | |||
Background | cognitive decline, neuronopathic disorders, cognitive impairment | MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS II, HUNTER SYNDROME, GCA | Norm-based scores used to assess cognitive ability have clinical value when describing functioning of patients with neuronopathic disorders compared with unaffected, same-age peers. However, they have limitations when used to assess change in cognitive ability between two timepoints, especially in children with severe ... | PMC10621086 |
Results | deteriorating cognitive functioning | GCA | PRAS methodology differentiated patients with decreases in DAS-II GCA scores into three separate categories reflecting below-average cognitive growth rates, plateauing cognitive development, and deteriorating cognitive functioning. After 1 year in the RCT, 72.4% of patients who initiated idursulfase-IT had above-averag... | PMC10621086 |
Supplementary Information | The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-023-02957-2. | PMC10621086 | ||
Keywords | PMC10621086 | |||
Background | cognitive functioning, MPS II, OMIM 309900, X-linked lysosomal storage disease | DISEASE, MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS II, HUNTER SYNDROME, GCA | Mucopolysaccharidosis II (MPS II; Hunter syndrome; OMIM 309900) is a rare, X-linked lysosomal storage disease with an estimated worldwide prevalence of between 1 in 100,000 and 1 in 170,000 male live births [The current standard of care for MPS II is intravenous enzyme replacement therapy with recombinant I2S (idursulf... | PMC10621086 |
Materials and methods | PMC10621086 | |||
Study design | The designs of the phase 2/3 trial and extension study have been described previously [ | PMC10621086 | ||
Endpoints and assessments | GCA | In the phase 2/3 trial, the primary endpoint was the change from baseline in DAS-II GCA score at week 52 [The primary objective of the extension study was to assess long-term safety; long-term clinical efficacy measures were also assessed [ | PMC10621086 | |
Statistical analyses | GCA | The presented analyses are descriptive. To demonstrate the utility of PRAS in characterizing absolute change in the study samples over time, differences in the distribution of cognitive development categories between treatment groups in the overall population and in the subpopulation younger than 6 years of age were as... | PMC10621086 | |
Distributions of cognitive development categories (patients younger than 6 years of age) | In the subpopulation of patients younger than 6 years of age at phase 2/3 baseline, cognitive categories were defined for 25/28 and 12/12 patients in the idursulfase-IT and no idursulfase-IT groups, respectively, at 1 year, and for 25/28 and 11/12 patients in the early idursulfase-IT and delayed idursulfase-IT groups, ... | PMC10621086 | ||
DAS-II GCA scores within cognitive development categories | deteriorating cognitive functioning | GCA | The one patient with above-average cognitive growth rates in DAS-II GCA scores (who received idursulfase-IT in the randomized trial) had an increasing trend in GCA score over the 2 years; there was a relatively flatter trend in GCA scores among patients with average cognitive growth rates in DAS-II GCA scores, and a de... | PMC10621086 |
Discussion | deteriorating cognitive functioning, neuronopathic MPS II, deteriorating cognitive function | GCA | PRAS methodology has been developed to overcome the limitations of norm-based ability test scores in characterizing absolute changes over time in cognitive development [After 1 year of treatment, the idursulfase-IT group included a greater proportion of patients with above-average or average cognitive growth rates in D... | PMC10621086 |
Conclusion | deteriorating cognitive functioning, early-onset cognitive impairment, neuronopathic MPS II | GCA | The results from this analysis demonstrate that application of PRAS methodology to DAS-II GCA scores can be used to characterize change in cognitive functioning more specifically in patients with early-onset cognitive impairment reporting a decrease in norm-based scores. PRAS methodology allowed differentiation of pati... | PMC10621086 |
Acknowledgements | We thank all those involved in these studies for their valuable contributions, including the patients and their families, investigators and study coordinators, and staff. We also thank Yuna Wu for valuable contributions to the data analyses and Qihua Feng for help with the PRAS calculations. | PMC10621086 | ||
Author contributions | Conceptualization: KSY, CC, ED, DM, CB, and WGK were involved in the concept development of this analysis, and KSY, ED, and WGK developed the methodology. Formal statistical analysis was conducted by KSY, ED, CC, and WGK. All authors were involved in writing the original draft and reviewing and editing subsequent draft... | PMC10621086 | ||
Funding | These studies were sponsored by Shire, a Takeda Company. Under the direction of the authors, medical writing support was provided by Mark Rolfe, PhD and Sarah Feeny, BMedSci of Oxford PharmaGenesis, Oxford, UK and was funded by Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc. | PMC10621086 | ||
Availability of data and materials | The datasets, including redacted study protocol, redacted statistical analysis plan, and individual participants’ data supporting the results reported in this article, will be made available within 3 months from initial request to researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal. The data will be provided afte... | PMC10621086 | ||
Declarations | PMC10621086 | |||
Ethics approval and consent to participate | The phase 2/3 trial and its extension were approved by the relevant institutional review boards/independent ethics committees and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and International Conference on Harmonization Good Clinical Practice guidelines. Written informed consent was obtained from parents o... | PMC10621086 | ||
Consent for publication | Not applicable. | PMC10621086 | ||
Competing interests | Thrombosis | HEMOPHILIA, RTI, THROMBOSIS, RARE DISEASE | KSY was an employee of Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc. and stockholder of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Limited at the time of the analysis (current affiliation is Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., AstraZeneca Rare Disease, Boston, MA, USA). CC, ED, DM, and CB are employees of RTI Health Solutions, and conducted... | PMC10621086 |
References | PMC10621086 | |||
Methods | HSIL | This 3+3 dose escalation Phase I clinical trial evaluated the safety and tolerability of artesunate suppositories in the treatment of patients with biopsy-proven HSIL. | PMC10723659 | |
Results | nausea | ADVERSE EVENTS | The maximal tolerated dose was 400 mg, administered in 3 cycles. All adverse events associated with the use 200- and 400-mg artesunate suppositories were Grade 1. At the 600-mg dose, patients experienced clinically significant nausea. | PMC10723659 |
Conclusion | HSIL | Artesunate suppositories are a safe treatment option for anal HSIL. | PMC10723659 | |
Data Availability | All relevant data are within the paper and its | PMC10723659 | ||
Background | malaria, HPV-associated anal, HPVs | ANAL SQUAMOUS CELL CANCER, MALARIA, PERSISTENT INFECTION, HSIL, ANAL CANCERS | Up to 95% of anal cancers (anal squamous cell cancers, ASCC) are caused by persistent infection with human papillomaviruses (HPVs) [Artesunate, formulated as a suppository, is approved by the World Health Organization (WHO) as first-line treatment for acute malaria in children who are in remote settings with limited ac... | PMC10723659 |
Materials and methods | PMC10723659 | |||
Patient selection and data collection | HSIL | A Phase 1 dose escalation trial of intra-anal artesunate in patients with anal HSIL was conducted (The inclusion criteria were adults who had a positive anal HPV test with anal HSIL biopsies on HRA ( | PMC10723659 | |
Study schema and timeline. | HSIL | CONSORT diagram of a phase 1 study utilizing artesunate for the treatment of anal HSIL. | PMC10723659 | |
Enrollment schema. | * each treatment cycle consisted of five (5) consecutive nightly artesunate suppositories. | PMC10723659 | ||
Inclusion and exclusion criteria. | PMC10723659 | |||
Intervention and mode of delivery (Figs | toxicity, toxicities, HRA/biopsy | ANAL DYSPLASIA, ADVERSE EVENT, LOW-GRADE SQUAMOUS INTRAEPITHELIAL LESION, ADVERSE EVENTS, HSIL, ADVERSE EVENT, REGRESSION | Participants with anal HSIL biopsies in the previous 8 weeks were screened for study participation. At the time of signing consent, the presence of residual HSIL was documented by HRA. The time between screening for study eligibility and week 0 (study commencement) was ≤ 4–6 weeks.Artesunate suppositories (Frantz Viral... | PMC10723659 |
Results | PMC10723659 | |||
Baseline patient characteristics ( | PMC10723659 | |||
Safety and tolerability | Eighteen out of nineteen patients enrolled in this study completed the full dosing regimens and artesunate treatment was generally well tolerated. One patient did not complete the full dosing regimen due to a mental health issue. A total of 119 AEs were reported in 15 out of the 19 patients who were treated with artesu... | PMC10723659 | ||
Adverse events. | dose-limiting, nausea, Nausea | DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS | All AEs associated with the study drug were Grades 1 or 2. Patients in treatment groups receiving 200- and 400-mg suppositories reported a limited number of grade 1 AE’s related to the study medication which were not dose limiting. However, most participants enrolled in the 600 mg arm, reported Grade 1 AEs of nausea an... | PMC10723659 |
Efficacy | PMC10723659 | |||
Histologic regression ( | perianal disease | DISEASE, HSIL | At screening HRA, all study participants had residual anal HSIL as documented by HRA, which ranged from minimal disease (1 or 2 small lesions, < 5 mm in size) to extensive intra-anal and perianal disease. | PMC10723659 |
Clearance of HPV | REGRESSION | Three (50%) of the 6 patients who experienced complete histologic regression had clearance of the HPV types that were detected at baseline. Of note, all of them carried non-HPV16 high-risk types. One participant who had HPV clearance was living with HIV. | PMC10723659 | |
Subgroup analyses | HPV16 mono-infection | REGRESSION, HSIL, REGRESSION | One out of six (17%) PLWH in the mITT population had complete regression of anal HSIL; whereas, 8/11 (73%) HIV-negative patients had either partial [3/11 (27%)] or complete [5/11 (46%] regression of their anal HSIL.The highest regression rate occurred in participants who had non-HPV16 types (4/5, 80%), followed by part... | PMC10723659 |
Discussion | malaria, HPV-related disease, parasitemia, vulvar HPV-related disease, HSIL, anal disease, malarial deaths | RECURRENCE, MALARIA, PARASITEMIA, MAY, HSIL, SECONDARY | In May 2020, the FDA approved intravenous artesunate as first-line treatment for severe malaria, in infants, children, and adults. Between 2000–2020, 10.6 million malarial deaths were averted due to the utilization of artesunate combination therapy [Over the past years, office-based ablation via electrocautery has been... | PMC10723659 |
Conclusions | nausea, HPV-related anogenital disease | HSIL | Intra-anal artesunate is a safe and well-tolerated treatment for anal HSIL and may be a promising addition in the therapeutic armamentarium against HPV-related anogenital disease. It is easily self-administered in the suppository form. Due to the frequent nausea that patients experienced at the 600-mg dose, the placebo... | PMC10723659 |
Supporting information | PMC10723659 | |||
Reporting checklist for randomised trial. | (DOCX)Click here for additional data file. | PMC10723659 | ||
TREND statement checklist. | (PDF)Click here for additional data file.(XLSX)Click here for additional data file.(DOC)Click here for additional data file.We would like to thank Dr. Namandje Bumpus and Dr. Craig Hendrix in the Division of Clinical Pharmacology with the Department of Internal Medicine for their contributions to the study design. | PMC10723659 | ||
Abstract | The aim of this | PMC10027098 | ||
Key Words: | PMC10027098 | |||
Introduction | tooth enamel Tooth, hypersensitivity Fluoride, tooth enamel, tooth | DEMINERALIZATION | In recent years, the search for a healthy smile that combines the maintenance of oral
hygiene and the esthetic appearance has grown, especially regarding tooth color.
Therefore, the use of toothpastes becomes essential not only to prevent biofilm
accumulation and polish tooth surfaces but also to remove extrinsic stain... | PMC10027098 |
Material and methods | PMC10027098 | |||
Experimental design | carious lesion, orthodontic | PERIODONTAL DISEASE | The present in situ study was performed in a block design (volunteers) in which
each participant used two removable intraoral devices containing bovine enamel
fragments (Each device with four fragments). The sample size was determined
using a previous study Eighteen individuals from the community of Ribeirão Preto Dent... | PMC10027098 |
Enamel fragments preparation | tooth | One hundred and twenty sound bovine tooth fragments (6 x 6 x 2 mm), without
cracks and stains, were cut (Isomet 100 Buehler, Illinois, USA). The fragments
were flattened using 320-, 600-and 1200-grit abrasive papers to standardize the
thickness (1 mm of enamel and 1 mm of dentin) | PMC10027098 | |
Color analysis | For color evaluation, the fragments were placed on a standard white background in
a standardized light chamber (Optical Light Cabin Model CL6I-45S, T&M
Instruments, São Paulo, Brazil) with a D65 illuminant that simulates the
spectrum of daylight. The spectrophotometer (Easyshade, VITA, Bad Säckingen,
Germany) was perio... | PMC10027098 | ||
Surface gloss analysis gloss | The gloss analysis (Micro-Gloss 45º, BYK Gardner, Geretsried, Germany) was
performed with a readout geometry of 45º to measure the light specularly
reflected to the surface | PMC10027098 | ||
Surface roughness analysis | The surface roughness (Ra) was measured using a rugosimeter (Surftest SJ-201P,
Mitutoyo, Kanagawa, Japan) at a distance of 3.2 mm with 3 cut-offs of 0.8 mm,
totaling a readout length of 2.4 mm at a speed of 0.25 mm/s. Three readouts were
performed for each fragment: One in the center of the samples and two at a
distanc... | PMC10027098 | ||
Microhardness analysis | The Knoop microhardness was measured using a microhardness tester (Micro Hardness
Tester HMV-2, Shimadzu, Tokyo, Japan) with a pyramid-shaped diamond indenter set
to a vertical static load of 25 g for 5 seconds. The largest diagonal of the
indention was measured. Three initial readouts were taken for each fragment at
d... | PMC10027098 | ||
Intraoral devices preparation and instructions for participants | For each participant, two oral acrylic resin devices were obtained from the
impression (Jeltrate Plus, Dentsply Sirona, York, PA, USA) of the maxillary arch
(Each toothpaste was packed in 30 g tubes identical in appearance by a researcher,
different from the operator so that neither he nor the participant knew which
to... | PMC10027098 | ||
Flow diagram showing how the study was conducted. | The participants received written instructions explaining the protocol for each
phase. They were instructed to brush each side of the device with ten
anteroposterior movements for 15 seconds, three times a day
| PMC10027098 | ||
Identification, classification, composition, and abbreviations
used for the studied toothpastes. | After the first phase of the study (using a different toothpaste for each side
for 30 days with a washout period of 7 days), participants returned to the
dental office. They received another device to start a new washout period of 7
days. They also received two new tubes of different toothpastes for the second
phase fo... | PMC10027098 | ||
Results | Eighteen individuals were assessed for eligibility, three of whom were excluded: one
because of not meeting the inclusion criteria and two because they declined to
participate. Thus, the final sample of this study consisted of 15 participants (4
males and 11 females; average age, 25,93±3,34 years). All of them complete... | PMC10027098 | ||
Baseline and final mean (upper - initial/lower - final) and standard
deviation values of L*, a*, b*, gloss (GU), roughness (Ra) and
microhardness (KHN) of the enamel fragments brushed with the studied
toothpastes. | PMC10027098 | |||
Mean values (SD) [CI] of ΔE | Different letters between toothpastes indicate statistically
significant differences (p<0.05). Values without letter
indication demonstrate no difference (p>0.05) between the
toothpastes.
| PMC10027098 | ||
Graph representing superimposition of color change with perceptible
whitening of fragments submitted to brushing with the tested
toothpastes. | Regarding the color coordinates ΔL and Δa showed positive values after brushing
(
| PMC10027098 | ||
Discussion | tooth, pigmentations | The aim of this Contemporary over-the-counter toothpastes have different formulations and indications
for the diverse needs of consumers. Basically, they are composed of abrasives,
moisturizers, thickeners, detergents, flavorings, preservatives, and can include
therapeutic agents as remineralizing and whitening agents.... | PMC10027098 | |
Acknowledgments | The work was supported in part by Coordination for the Improvement of Higher
Education Personnel, Brazil (CAPES) Finance Code 001. | PMC10027098 | ||
References | PMC10027098 | |||
Key Points | PMC10099063 | |||
Question | DISORDER | Can conditioned open-label placebo (C-OLP) help increase the efficacy of treatment with methadone for opioid use disorder? | PMC10099063 | |
Findings | 90-day retention | In this 2-group, single-blind randomized clinical trial including 131 individuals, 90-day retention in treatment and quality of sleep were significantly improved with C-OLP vs treatment as usual. Methadone dose, the prespecified primary outcome, did not differ significantly between groups. | PMC10099063 | |
Meaning | DISORDER | The findings of this trial suggest that C-OLP may improve opioid use disorder treatment outcomes; further exploration of C-OLP as an inexpensive, low-risk adjunct to methadone treatment may be beneficial. | PMC10099063 | |
Importance | OUD | DISORDER | Methadone treatment is the most effective evidence-based treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD), but challenges related to dosing and premature treatment dropout argue for adjunct interventions to improve outcomes. One potential behavioral intervention with low risk involves harnessing placebo effects. | PMC10099063 |
Objective | To determine the effect of a pharmacologically conditioned open-label placebo (C-OLP) on 90-day methadone dose, retention, drug use, withdrawal, craving, quality of life, and sleep. | PMC10099063 | ||
Design, Setting, and Participants | OUD | This 2-arm, open-label, single-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted between December 5, 2017, and August 2, 2019, in an academically affiliated community opioid treatment program. Analyses were conducted between October 1, 2019, and April 30, 2020. A total of 320 newly enrolled adults seeking treatment for mod... | PMC10099063 | |
Interventions | INTERACTIONS | Participants randomized to C-OLP received pharmacologic conditioning and a placebo pill and methadone, and participants randomized to TAU were given methadone only. Participants met with the study team 5 times: at baseline (treatment intake) and 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks postbaseline. Interactions were balanced between the... | PMC10099063 | |
Main Outcomes and Measures | SECONDARY | Outcomes included 90-day methadone dose (primary) and treatment retention, drug use, withdrawal, craving, quality of life, and sleep quality (secondary). Analyses were conducted as intention-to-treat. | PMC10099063 | |
Results | Of the 131 people enrolled in the study, 54 were randomized to TAU and 77 to C-OLP. Mean (SD) age was 45.9 (11.2) years; most of the participants were Black or African American (83 [63.4%]) and male (84 [64.1%]). No significant group differences were observed in the mean (SD) 90-day methadone dose (83.1 [25.1] mg for g... | PMC10099063 | ||
Conclusions and Relevance | In this randomized clinical trial, C-OLP had no effect on the primary outcome of 90-day methadone dose. However, C-OLP participants were significantly more likely to remain in treatment. These findings support the use of C-OLP as a methadone treatment adjunct, but larger trials are needed to further examine the use of ... | PMC10099063 | ||
Trial Registration | opioid use disorder | ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: This randomized clinical trial examines the use of a pharmacologically conditioned open-label placebo in treatment of opioid use disorder. | PMC10099063 | |
Introduction | OUD | DISORDER | First-line treatments for opioid use disorder (OUD) include medications,One possible intervention involves the harnessing of placebo effects. Broadly defined, placebo effects are improvements in symptoms attributable to the therapeutic encounterAn additional method of harnessing placebo effects implements pharmacologic... | PMC10099063 |
Methods | This single-site RCT was conducted between December 5, 2017, and August 2, 2019. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. The trial protocol ( | PMC10099063 | ||
Setting and Participants | OUD | Adults seeking treatment for OUD were recruited from an urban, community-based, academically affiliated opioid treatment program. All participants met | PMC10099063 | |
Study Design and Procedures | The 12-week study included 5 individual meetings with study staff at baseline entry into treatment, and 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks postbaseline. Participants received $25 incentives for each meeting. New patients were recruited on their first day of methadone treatment. At the end of the initial intake procedures, a member ... | PMC10099063 | ||
Placebo Intervention and Open-label Conditioning Procedures | The intervention consisted of 2 phases: once-daily placebo conditioning (phase I, first 2 weeks) and twice-daily placebo (phase II, week 3 up to 3 months) ( | PMC10099063 | ||
Clinic Urine Screen | Results from clinic urine drug screens (QuickTox panel; LabCorp) were logged at baseline by study staff. Substances tested included opiates, cocaine, methamphetamine, tetrahydrocannabinol, amphetamine, phencyclidine, benzodiazepine, barbiturates, methadone, oxycodone, methylenedioxymethamphetamine, buprenorphine, and f... | PMC10099063 | ||
Outcomes | The primary outcome was 3-month (90th-day) milligram methadone dose. Secondary outcome measures included treatment retention, self-reported drug use, opioid withdrawal, craving, quality of life, and sleep. Outcomes were assessed in person via facilitated self-report at all 5 time points, except sleep (measured only at ... | PMC10099063 | ||
Sample Size | Power was calculated a priori for the primary outcome of the 3-month (90-day) dose of methadone. We anticipated that dose escalations after initial titration would be recommended for approximately 70% of participants in the TAU cohort in that time frame, basing this approximation on discussions with clinic staff on the... | PMC10099063 | ||
Randomization | unequal block | Randomization was performed by a blinded member of the investigation team (L.C.) not directly involved with daily study procedures. A computer-generated random number sequence with unequal block randomization (60% intervention, 40% control) was created, stratified by sex, and placed into sequentially numbered opaque en... | PMC10099063 | |
Blinding | At all stages of the study, methadone dose adjustments (ie, manipulations of the primary outcome) were overseen by addiction medicine physicians blinded to treatment allocation. Physicians, nurse practitioners, and counselors were also blinded, as were data analysts. Other study team members were blinded for all of day... | PMC10099063 | ||
Statistical Analysis | Analyses were conducted between October 1, 2019, and April 30, 2020. Outcomes were analyzed in accordance with randomization assignments, following an intention-to-treat approach. Descriptive statistics with central tendencies and spread were used for continuous variables; distributions and percentages were used for ca... | PMC10099063 | ||
Results | PMC10099063 | |||
Study Participants | Among 320 new patients screened for methadone treatment, 131 individuals (mean [SD] age, 45.9 [11.2] years; 84 [64.1%] men; 47 [35.9%] women; 83 [63.4%] Black or African American) met eligibility criteria, provided informed consented, were randomized to receive C-OLP (n = 77) or TAU (n = 54), and completed all of day 1... | PMC10099063 | ||
Participant Baseline Characteristics | POSITIVE | Abbreviations: C-OLP, conditioned open-label placebo; TAU, treatment as usual.One individual self-identified as Pacific Islander and White.Options were not mutually exclusive; 1 participant reported both unemployed and incarcerated.Data missing from 3 participants who were unable to provide a biological sample on the d... | PMC10099063 | |
Flow Diagram of Study Participants | C-OLP indicates conditioned open-label placebo; OTP, opioid treatment program; TAU, treatment as usual. | PMC10099063 | ||
Primary Outcome: 3-Month Dose of Methadone | We report findings for all 131 participants in an intention-to-treat analysis. Fifty-four individuals were randomized to TAU, 77 to C-OLP. Starting methadone doses for both groups ranged from 10 to 40 mg (mode = 25 mg). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in their mean (SD) dose at da... | PMC10099063 | ||
Mean Methadone Doses at Various Intervals Up to 90 Days | Mean group methadone doses are shown for postentry into treatment. Mean values include data that were available for people retained at each time point. Treatment as usual (TAU): 47 individuals retained at 7 days, 43 at 15 days, 38 at 30 days, 37 at 45 days, 34 at 60 days, and 33 at 90 days. Conditioned open-label place... | PMC10099063 | ||
Secondary Outcomes | A total of 33 of 54 TAU participants (61.1%) and 60 of 77 C-OLP participants (77.9%) remained in treatment at 90 days (χ | PMC10099063 | ||
Probability of Treatment Retention by Group | Estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method overall probability function. C-OLP (n = 77) overall probability, 0.75 (95% CI, 0.66-0.86); TAU (n = 54) overall probability, 0.59 (95% CI, 0.48-0.74). C-OLP indicates conditioned open-label placebo; TAU, treatment as usual.Mixed-effects models showed that group C-OLP reported bette... | PMC10099063 | ||
Discussion | SECONDARY | Our primary aim was to test whether a C-OLP intervention could improve methadone treatment outcomes. Our hypothesis that 90-day methadone doses would be lower for C-OLP than for TAU recipients was not supported. We can only speculate as to why there were no significant differences between the groups, but due to its bio... | PMC10099063 | |
Estimated Mean of Secondary Outcomes With Mixed Effects Longitudinal Regression Estimates in the TAU (n = 54) and C-OLP (n = 77) Groups | Morales-Quezada, overdose | Abbreviations: C-OLP, conditioned open-label placebo; NA, not applicable; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; TAU, treatment as usual; WHOQOL-BREF, World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment.Scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating higher quality of life.Scores range from 0 to 21, with high... | PMC10099063 |
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