title stringlengths 1 1.19k | keywords stringlengths 0 668 | concept stringlengths 0 909 | paragraph stringlengths 0 61.8k | PMID stringlengths 10 11 |
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Keywords | Open access funding provided by The Science, Technology & Innovation Funding Authority (STDF) in cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB). | PMC10313534 | ||
Introduction | disorder of the otic capsule, Otosclerosis | VASCULAR PROLIFERATION, OTOSCLEROSIS | Otosclerosis is a remodeling disorder of the otic capsule where foci of resorbed bone were present, associated with newly formed bone, together with vascular proliferation [ | PMC10313534 |
Patients and methods | otosclerosis | MIDDLE EAR, EXTERNAL EAR, DEHISCENCE, OTOSCLEROSIS | This study was a prospective single blinded randomized clinical study carried out between September 2021 and September 2022. Approval from Institutional ethics committee was obtained (code: MS.21.11.1758). The study was conducted among 60 patients with clinical evidence of otosclerosis who were randomly divided into tw... | PMC10313534 |
Group 1 | Classic stapedotomy was done starting by removal of the stapes superstructure (Fig. Steps of endoscopic classic stapedotomy: | PMC10313534 | ||
Group 2 | perforation | Reversal stapedotomy was performed which began by perforation of the footplate (Fig. Steps of endoscopic reversal stapedotomy: | PMC10313534 | |
Follow-up | The initial scheduled visit for follow-up was carried out 1 week after surgery where the covering gauze was removed, and antibiotic ear drops were prescribed for 1 week. Audiological assessment was done 3 months after surgery in line with the guidelines of the American Academy of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery C... | PMC10313534 | ||
Data collection and statistical analysis | Pre- and post-operative data were collected, tabulated, and analyzed. The data were presented in the form of mean ± standard deviation (SD). Analysis was done using SPSS for Windows version 28. statistical software program (Statistical Package for Social Sciences = SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The paired | PMC10313534 | ||
Results | COMPLICATIONS | Sixty patients were involved in this study. Group 1 comprised 30 patients: 19 females (63.33%) and 11 males (36.67%). Their mean age ± SD was 41.43 ± 10.76 years. Group 2 consisted of 30 patients: 21 females (70%) and 9 males (30%). Their mean age ± SD was 44.33 ± 8.14 years. Statistically non-significant differences i... | PMC10313534 | |
Discussion | perforations, taste disturbance, vertigo, subluxation, hearing outcome and post-operative complications, otosclerosis, Injury of the chorda tympani typically | SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS, NEURAL HEARING LOSS, COMPLICATION, OTOSCLEROSIS, POST-OPERATIVE PROBLEMS, HEARING LOSS, COMPLICATIONS | Surgical techniques for treatment of otosclerosis have been improved, updated, or adjusted over time to lower intraoperative and post-operative problems and boost overall effectiveness [Not only the order of surgical steps was debatable but also the surgical tool, whether to use the microscope or the endoscope. Differe... | PMC10313534 |
Funding | Open access funding provided by The Science, Technology & Innovation Funding Authority (STDF) in cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB). | PMC10313534 | ||
Availability of data and materials | The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. | PMC10313534 | ||
Declarations | PMC10313534 | |||
Conflict of interest | All authors declare that they had no conflicts of interest. | PMC10313534 | ||
Research involving human participants and/or animals | All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. | PMC10313534 | ||
Informed consent | Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants involved in the study. | PMC10313534 | ||
References | PMC10313534 | |||
Supplementary Information | stroke, death, AF | ATRIAL FIBRILLATION (AF), ADVERSE EVENTS, STROKE, ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, THROMBOEMBOLISM |
The Mobile Health Technology for Improved Screening and Optimized Integrated Care in AF (mAFA-II) cluster-randomized trial showed that a mobile health (mHealth)-implemented ‘Atrial fibrillation Better Care’ (ABC) pathway approach reduced the risk of adverse events in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. Whether this ben... | PMC10017580 |
Keywords | PMC10017580 | |||
Introduction | atrial arrhythmia, AF | ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, ATRIAL ARRHYTHMIA, ATRIAL FIBRILLATION (AF) | Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common atrial arrhythmia worldwide and is projected to affect 14 million patients in 2060 in Europe alone [Female AF patients also show a higher burden of AF-related symptoms and a lower quality of life compared to males [
The ‘Atrial Fibrillation Better Care’ (ABC) pathway has been... | PMC10017580 |
Methods | A detailed description of the rationale, design, and primary results of the mAFA-II trial has been previously published and can be found elsewhere [In this post hoc ancillary analysis, we evaluated the effect of mAFA intervention according to the sex of the participants. | PMC10017580 | ||
mAFA intervention | thromboembolic, hypertension, bleeding | VASCULAR DISEASES, BLEEDING, HYPERTENSION, HEART | The mAFA intervention group implemented the ABC pathway according to the following criteria:‘A’ criterion: anticoagulation prescription according to regular assessment of thromboembolic and bleeding risk, with dose adjustment based on renal and liver function reassessment;‘B’ criterion: regular monitoring of patient-re... | PMC10017580 |
Outcomes and follow-up | Follow-up was performed 6 and 12 months after the inclusion. Consistent with the primary trial analysis, the | PMC10017580 | ||
Statistical analysis | PAD, CAD, peripheral artery disease | PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE, DIABETES MELLITUS, PAD, SECONDARY, HYPERTENSION, CAD | Baseline characteristics were reported as mean and standard deviation (SD) for normally distributed continuous variables, or median and interquartile range [IQR] for non-normally distributed continuous variables. Binary and categorical variables were reported as frequency and percentage.For the purpose of this analysis... | PMC10017580 |
Risk of major outcomes according to mAFA intervention | SECONDARY |
Survival curves for the primary composite outcome according to sex and mAFA allocation are reported in Fig. Survival curves for the primary composite outcome, stratified by sex and mAFA allocation. Cox-regression analysis on the interaction between sex and mAFA intervention on the risk of primary and secondary outcome... | PMC10017580 | |
Discussion | death, bleeding, PAD, stroke, CAD | BLEEDING, STROKE, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, PAD, SECONDARY, EVENTS, CAD | In this ancillary analysis of the mAFA-II trial, our principal findings are as follows: (i) the mAFA intervention reduced the risk of the primary composite outcome of IS, TE, all-cause death, and re-hospitalization in both sexes; (ii) the magnitude of the risk reduction appeared higher among males; and (iii) a sex-base... | PMC10017580 |
Strengths and limitations | Our study is the first analysis to provide a sex-stratified analysis on the efficacy of a mHealth-implemented ABC pathway, and will be particularly useful to inform sex-specific recommendations and guidance, especially given the urgent need for sex-disaggregated data in this scenario [Nonetheless, our study has some li... | PMC10017580 | ||
Conclusion | EVENTS | In this post hoc analysis of the mAFA-II trial, we found that a mHealth-technology implemented ABC pathway was similarly effective in reducing the risk of adverse clinical events both in male and female patients. Secondary outcomes showed greater benefits of mAFA intervention in men.
| PMC10017580 | |
Acknowledgements | We are grateful to all participants in the mAFA programme for their contribution. | PMC10017580 | ||
Funding | This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82170309). This study was an investigator-initiated project, with limited funding by independent research and educational grants | PMC10017580 | ||
Data availability | Data supporting the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. | PMC10017580 | ||
Declarations | PMC10017580 | |||
Conflict of interest | GYHL has been consultant and speaker for BMS/Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim and Daiichi-Sankyo. No fees are directly received personally. All the disclosures happened outside the submitted work. All other authors have nothing to declare. | PMC10017580 | ||
Ethical approval | The study was approved by the Central Medical Ethic Committee of Chinese PLA General Hospital and by local institutional
review boards, and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the Consolidated Standards of Reporting
Trials (CONSORT) reporting guideline. | PMC10017580 | ||
Informed consent | All the patients gave their written informed consent. | PMC10017580 | ||
References | PMC10017580 | |||
Background | pain | The needle insertion pain to perform hemodialysis is the main challenge and a common problem that requires pain management techniques for patients’ comfort. | PMC9990356 | |
Aim | pain | This study aimed to compare the effects of cooling and lidocaine sprays on needle insertion pain in hemodialysis patients. | PMC9990356 | |
Methods | pain | In this randomized cross-over clinical trial study, the hemodialysis patients were selected through convenience sampling according to inclusion criteria and randomly assigned to three intervention groups using the block randomization method. Each patient received three interventions in a cross-over design: Cooling spra... | PMC9990356 | |
Results | pain | Forty-one hemodialysis patients were included. The results showed a significant interaction between time and group (p < 0.05), so only observations of time 1 with adjustment for baseline values were used to evaluate the effect of the intervention. Patients receiving cooling spray reported 2.29 less pain score on averag... | PMC9990356 | |
Conclusion | pain | The cooling spray was effective in reducing the needle insertion pain. Although it was impossible to compare the pain scores at different times and following different interventions, the present study results can help supplement the existing knowledge regarding cooling and lidocaine sprays. | PMC9990356 | |
Keywords | PMC9990356 | |||
Introduction | Pain, AVF, HD, pain, arteriovenous fistula | ANESTHESIA OF MUCOUS MEMBRANE | Pain is defined as an unpleasant sensation and emotional experience [The HD is the most frequently used renal replacement therapy, and an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the gold standard for vascular access in these patients [On the other hand, a painful procedure can instill a sense of distrust in medical staff; the p... | PMC9990356 |
Methods | PMC9990356 | |||
Study design and setting | MAY | This study was a single-center, open-label, randomized, three-period, three-treatment, sequence crossover clinical trial carried out within May 2019 to October 2019. The research setting was the Hemodialysis Ward of Imam Ali hospital in Bojnurd, North Khorasan province, Iran. | PMC9990356 | |
Population and sampling method | abnormal reaction, HD, skin allergy, allergies | SKIN ALLERGY, ALLERGIES | The research population included all patients under treatment with HD, meeting inclusion criteria, and hemodialyzed in the Hemodialysis Center of Imam Ali hospital in Bojnurd, Iran, through an AVF. The inclusion criteria included age of over 18 years, alertness, the ability to speak and understand Persian or the presen... | PMC9990356 |
Data collection and interventions | NRS, pain | Before the first intervention, informed and written consent was obtained from the patients, and the pain rating scale was trained. The first needle insertion was considered the primary intervention for all patients, and the vascular access procedure was performed without any intervention. The pain score was determined ... | PMC9990356 | |
Outcome measurement | NRS, pain | DISEASE | The research tools included a demographic and disease information questionnaire and the NRS. An identical watch was used to measure time at all stages. The demographic and disease information questionnaire, including age, gender, addiction status, cause of illness, duration of HD onset, and comorbidities, was completed... | PMC9990356 |
Data analysis | LME | MINOR | This study utilized a crossover design trial; accordingly, for each person, the related-to-each other and longitudinal data were recorded; therefore, a linear mixed-effect (LME) model was used to analyze the data and evaluate the sequence, period, and carry-over effects. Crossover design is a type of longitudinal study... | PMC9990356 |
Results | pain | According to the inclusion criteria, 41 patients under treatment with HD were included in the study. None of the patients was excluded and left the treatment half-finished. The mean and standard deviation of age and HD treatment duration were 52.98 ± 14.10 and 3.8 ± 3.1 years, respectively. In addition, 25 patients (61... | PMC9990356 | |
Discussion | Pain, HD, pain, ’ pain, NRS | The present study was conducted to compare the effects of cooling and lidocaine sprays on needle insertion pain in HD patients using a crossover design. Because pain is subjective and pain is what the patient tells us according to the literature, it is difficult to compare patients’ pain scores to each other. On the ot... | PMC9990356 | |
Acknowledgements | Not applicable. | PMC9990356 | ||
Authors’ contributions | THA | AKHP and SH contributed to the conceptualization and design of the study. AK, THA and ME collected the data. SH and MRA analyzed and interpreted the data, AKHP, SH, AK, THA, MRA, and ME prepared the manuscript draft. All authors reviewed the results and approved the final version of the manuscript. All authors agreed b... | PMC9990356 | |
Funding | This study was supported by North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences. The funder had no role in the design and writing of the manuscript and will have not in data collection and analysis of data. | PMC9990356 | ||
Data availability | The datasets used and analyzed during the current study are not publicly available but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. | PMC9990356 | ||
Declaration | PMC9990356 | |||
Ethical approval and consent to participate | The participants were assured that their data would remain confidential. Written informed consent was obtained from the participants. The research proposal has been registered in the Iranian Clinical Trial Registration Center prospectively (IRCT20180826040868N1) (Date of full registration: 15.9.2018). Also, it has been... | PMC9990356 | ||
Consent for publication | Not applicable. | PMC9990356 | ||
Competing interests | The authors declare that they have no competing interests. | PMC9990356 | ||
Abbreviations | HemodialysisArteriovenous FistulaNumerical Rating ScaleEutectic Mixture of Local AnestheticsLinear Mixed-EffectAnalysis of Covariance | PMC9990356 | ||
References | PMC9990356 | |||
Background | stroke | STROKE | Upper extremity (UE) stroke rehabilitation requires patients to perform
exercises at home, yet patients show limited benefit from paper-based home
exercise programs. | PMC9896541 |
Objective | To compare the effectiveness of 2 home exercise programs for reducing UE
impairment: a paper-based approach and a sensorized exercise system that
incorporates recommended design features for home rehabilitation
technology. | PMC9896541 | ||
Methods | stroke, spasticity, VAP | STROKE | In this single-blind, randomized controlled trial, 27 participants in the
subacute phase of stroke were assigned to the sensorized exercise (n = 14)
or conventional therapy group (n = 13), though 2 participants in the
conventional therapy group were lost to follow-up. Participants were
instructed to perform self-guided... | PMC9896541 |
Results | Participants who used FitMi improved by an average of 8.0 ± 4.6 points on the
UEFM scale compared to 3.0 ± 6.1 points for the conventional participants, a
significant difference ( | PMC9896541 | ||
Conclusions | A sensor-based exercise system incorporating a suite of recommended design
features significantly and safely reduced UE impairment compared to a
paper-based, home exercise program. | PMC9896541 | ||
Trial Registration: | ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03503617 | PMC9896541 | ||
Introduction | chronic disability, Stroke | STROKE | Stroke is a leading cause of chronic disability in the United States.Recognizing the need for sustainably increasing the amount of movement practice that
individuals undertake, there has been a surge in the development of technologies for
enabling individuals to practice on their own at home.Summary of Recommended Desi... | PMC9896541 |
Methods | PMC9896541 | |||
Device Design | The FitMi hardware consists of 2 wireless input devices (called pucks), a USB
receiver, a docking station for one-handed charging, and a silicone strap for
users who have difficulty grasping the pucks (see | PMC9896541 | ||
Trial Design | stroke | STROKE | This study was a single-site, single-blind randomized controlled trial comparing
home-based therapy with FitMi to conventional therapy for individuals in the
subacute phase of stroke. The study was performed at Rancho Los Amigos National
Rehabilitation Center in Downey, CA. Participants were invited for an initial
asse... | PMC9896541 |
Participants | pain, strokes | STROKES | Inclusion criteria were: experienced one or more strokes between 2 weeks and
4 months prior; baseline UEFM Score >5 and ≤55 out of 66; absence of moderate
to severe pain defined as a score of 4 or lower on the 10-point visual-analog
pain scale; ability to understand the instructions to operate FitMi; and aged 18
to 85 ... | PMC9896541 |
Intervention | EVENTS | Participants randomized to the FitMi group were given a FitMi system with a
custom 10″ touchscreen tablet. They received 30 minutes of training on how to
set up and use the FitMi system. They were instructed to spend most of their
time performing UE exercises, but access to the trunk and leg exercises in the
FitMi soft... | PMC9896541 | |
Outcomes | The primary outcome measure was the change in UEFM scoreTo assess adherence, the FitMi software recorded the date, time, and number of
repetitions completed for each exercise, and the sensorized folder used in the
conventional therapy measured the times at which the participants opened the
booklet. | PMC9896541 | ||
Statistical Methods | stroke | STROKE | Statistical analyses were performed using Matlab R2020 software. For measures
taken at baseline and follow-up, the change from baseline to follow-up was
calculated. Then the changes were compared between groups using an unpaired
two-tailed MAS scores were grouped by flexion or extension items and summed to obtain lumpe... | PMC9896541 |
Interim Analysis | RECRUITMENT | Due to the unexpected additional risks to participating in this study due to the
COVID-19 pandemic, an unplanned interim futility/efficacy analysis of the
primary outcome measure was conducted after recruitment was halted in March
2020. Group labels were removed, and the analysis was reviewed by an independent
investig... | PMC9896541 | |
Results | PMC9896541 | |||
Recruitment and Participant Flow | stroke, hemorrhagic, SD, Stroke | STROKE, STROKE | Participants were recruited from November 20, 2018, until March 12, 2020, when
the study was halted due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In the interim analysis, a
significant difference in the primary outcome measure was observed between
groups (two-tailed Participant enrollment and allocation details are shown following CON... | PMC9896541 |
Efficacy | spasticity, visual analog pain | SECONDARY | All measures recorded at baseline, end-of-therapy, and follow-up assessments are
reported in Results for Outcome Measures for FitMi and Conventional Therapy
Groups.Abbreviations: BL, baseline; EOT, end-of-therapy; FU, follow-up;
UEFM, Upper Extremity Fugl–Meyer; MAS, Modified Ashworth scale for
spasticity; VAP, visual ... | PMC9896541 |
Safety and Motivation | No significant harms related to the study were reported or observed over the
course of the study. For participants in the FitMi therapy group, no significant
change was found between baseline and end-of-therapy for MAS or VAP scores
(paired Participants interacted with the FitMi software for a median of 47% of the
21 d... | PMC9896541 | ||
Discussion | subacute stroke, spasticity, pain | We compared the effectiveness of a sensorized exercise system, FitMi, with a
conventional exercise program specified using a paper booklet for at-home movement
training in subacute stroke. Participants who exercised with FitMi improved
significantly more on the primary outcome, the change in the UEFM scale from
baselin... | PMC9896541 | |
Toward Optimizing Home Rehabilitation Technology | As reviewed in An important question is whether the system was usable by more severely impaired
individuals, as there are fewer options available for such persons for
continuing movement practice. The lower half of participants with more severe
impairments (UEFM <40) still achieved on average 4427 repetitions, an amoun... | PMC9896541 | ||
Limitations and Future Directions | stroke | STROKE | No female participants were recruited into the FitMi therapy group, which limits
the generalizability of the reported results. A smaller percentage of FitMi
participants were impaired on their dominant side than in the conventional group
(29% vs 38%). Alternating allocation has been shown to be prone to selection
biasF... | PMC9896541 |
Supplemental Material | PMC9896541 | |||
sj-doc-5-nnr-10.1177_15459683221146995 – Supplemental material for
Optimized Home Rehabilitation Technology Reduces Upper Extremity Impairment
Compared to a Conventional Home Exercise Program: A Randomized, Controlled,
Single-Blind Trial in Subacute Stroke | Stroke | STROKE | Click here for additional data file.Supplemental material, sj-doc-5-nnr-10.1177_15459683221146995 for Optimized Home
Rehabilitation Technology Reduces Upper Extremity Impairment Compared to a
Conventional Home Exercise Program: A Randomized, Controlled, Single-Blind Trial
in Subacute Stroke by Veronica A. Swanson, Chri... | PMC9896541 |
sj-pdf-4-nnr-10.1177_15459683221146995 – Supplemental material for
Optimized Home Rehabilitation Technology Reduces Upper Extremity Impairment
Compared to a Conventional Home Exercise Program: A Randomized, Controlled,
Single-Blind Trial in Subacute Stroke | Stroke | STROKE | Click here for additional data file.Supplemental material, sj-pdf-4-nnr-10.1177_15459683221146995 for Optimized Home
Rehabilitation Technology Reduces Upper Extremity Impairment Compared to a
Conventional Home Exercise Program: A Randomized, Controlled, Single-Blind Trial
in Subacute Stroke by Veronica A. Swanson, Chri... | PMC9896541 |
sj-pdf-6-nnr-10.1177_15459683221146995 – Supplemental material for
Optimized Home Rehabilitation Technology Reduces Upper Extremity Impairment
Compared to a Conventional Home Exercise Program: A Randomized, Controlled,
Single-Blind Trial in Subacute Stroke | Stroke | STROKE | Click here for additional data file.Supplemental material, sj-pdf-6-nnr-10.1177_15459683221146995 for Optimized Home
Rehabilitation Technology Reduces Upper Extremity Impairment Compared to a
Conventional Home Exercise Program: A Randomized, Controlled, Single-Blind Trial
in Subacute Stroke by Veronica A. Swanson, Chri... | PMC9896541 |
sj-tif-1-nnr-10.1177_15459683221146995 – Supplemental material for
Optimized Home Rehabilitation Technology Reduces Upper Extremity Impairment
Compared to a Conventional Home Exercise Program: A Randomized, Controlled,
Single-Blind Trial in Subacute Stroke | Stroke | STROKE | Click here for additional data file.Supplemental material, sj-tif-1-nnr-10.1177_15459683221146995 for Optimized Home
Rehabilitation Technology Reduces Upper Extremity Impairment Compared to a
Conventional Home Exercise Program: A Randomized, Controlled, Single-Blind Trial
in Subacute Stroke by Veronica A. Swanson, Chri... | PMC9896541 |
sj-tiff-2-nnr-10.1177_15459683221146995 – Supplemental material for
Optimized Home Rehabilitation Technology Reduces Upper Extremity Impairment
Compared to a Conventional Home Exercise Program: A Randomized, Controlled,
Single-Blind Trial in Subacute Stroke | Stroke | STROKE | Click here for additional data file.Supplemental material, sj-tiff-2-nnr-10.1177_15459683221146995 for Optimized Home
Rehabilitation Technology Reduces Upper Extremity Impairment Compared to a
Conventional Home Exercise Program: A Randomized, Controlled, Single-Blind Trial
in Subacute Stroke by Veronica A. Swanson, Chr... | PMC9896541 |
References | PMC9896541 | |||
Background | This study aimed to compare the efficacy of different gap filling materials in immediate implant in anterior and premolar regions of maxilla. | PMC10704731 | ||
Materials and methods | bone loss | BONE LOSS | Thirty-six implants were inserted in patients seeking for replacement of non-restorable maxillary anterior and premolar teeth (esthetic zone) by immediate implant. Patients were randomly distributed into three equal groups, twelve implants in each group. Group 1 received Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) into the jumping dist... | PMC10704731 |
Results | bone loss | BONE LOSS | This study involved 19 female patients and 17 male patients who received 36 dental implants. There was no significant difference between the study groups regarding implant stability, peri-implant pocket depth and palatal bone loss, while there was a significant difference between PRF Group (Group 1) and the other Group... | PMC10704731 |
Conclusion | bone loss | BONE LOSS | PRF can be used as a gap filling material in conjunction with immediate implant placement, but other bone grafting materials give superior result regarding buccal bone loss and changes in buccal bone thickness. | PMC10704731 |
Trial registration | The study was listed on | PMC10704731 | ||
Keywords | Open access funding provided by The Science, Technology & Innovation Funding Authority (STDF) in cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB). | PMC10704731 | ||
Background | peri-implant, infection, tooth | INFECTION, CLOT, ALVEOLAR BONE LOSS, SECONDARY | The indications for dental implant treatment options have greatly expanded in recent years due to development in biomaterials and clinical procedures [Original protocol (gold standard) recommended a 6- to 12-month waiting time before implant placement in cases where a tooth had to be extracted and replaced. New methods... | PMC10704731 |
Materials and methods | PMC10704731 | |||
Patient selection | Thirty-six patients, nineteen females and seventeen males with an average age 33 years (range from 19 to 47), were included in this study. They were chosen from the Outpatient Clinic in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt, for replacement of non-rest... | PMC10704731 | ||
Sample size calculation | The total sample size was determined to be 10 implants in each group using G*power version 3.0.10 to calculate sample size-based t test = 2.31, 2-tailed, α error = 0.05 and power = 90.0% with effect size (2.63). To account for potential attrition by 20%, two additional implants were added to the total sample size (12 i... | PMC10704731 | ||
Randomization | One of the department's senior residents, who was not involved in the study and was not aware of any relevant treatment protocols, carried out the randomization. 36 candidates were randomly distributed into three equal groups, 12 implants for each by using a computer-generated randomization list (SPSS v25.0). The distr... | PMC10704731 |
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