title stringlengths 1 1.19k | keywords stringlengths 0 668 | concept stringlengths 0 909 | paragraph stringlengths 0 61.8k | PMID stringlengths 10 11 |
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Randomization | SVS | REFRACTIVE ERROR | Eligible participants enrolled in the study were assigned to receive single-vision spectacles (SVS) only or photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy with SVS at a 1:1 ratio using a randomization sequence produced by Excel. The mechanism used to implement the random allocation sequence was sequentially numbered containers by ra... | PMC9969012 |
Adverse events | dizziness, vision loss, headache | ADVERSE EVENTS, ADVERSE EFFECTS, ADVERSE EVENT, BLINDNESS | Those who received at least one session of therapy were analysed for safety. At each follow-up visit, the participants were asked about the symptoms and signs, including ocular symptoms (such as glare, dazzling, afterimages and flash blindness) and systemic adverse effects (such as headache or dizziness). Other informa... | PMC9969012 |
Statistical analysis | SFChT | ACD | The data were analysed by IBM SPSS statistical software 22.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, USA). Continuous variables were analysed with a two-sample independent t test after being evaluated for normality using the Kolmogorov‒Smirnov test. If the data conformed to a normal distribution, the mean ± standard deviation was reported. ... | PMC9969012 |
Ethics approval and consent to participate | EYE | All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of Nin... | PMC9969012 | |
Conference presentation | This paper was presented at the conference of the 26th Congress of Chinese Ophthalmological Society (CCOS) 2022 and the World Ophthalmology Congress (WOC) 2022 online meeting. | PMC9969012 | ||
Acknowledgements | EYE | The authors thank the corporation of LONGDA for providing the photobiomodulation therapy devices. In addition, the authors gratefully acknowledge the ophthalmic technicians who helped conduct this trial at Ningbo Eye Hospital. Additionally, the authors appreciate the support from the South East Eye Hospital in Fuzhou. ... | PMC9969012 | |
Author contributions | L.Z. and K.Q. conceived the research ideas. L.Z. and L.T. performed the experiments. K.Q. analyzed the data and wrote the main manuscript text. Y.L. and T.L. provided the related references and funding. W.B. ran a thorough check on the use of English for scientific writing. All authors contributed to manuscript revisio... | PMC9969012 | ||
Funding | Supported by a grant from the Science and Technology Program of Ningbo, China (grant no. 2020Y55) and a grant from Xuzhou Medical University affiliated with Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Development Grant no. XYFM2020028. | PMC9969012 | ||
Data availability | Datasets of this study are available from the corresponding authors upon reasonable request. | PMC9969012 | ||
Competing interests | The authors declare no competing interests. | PMC9969012 | ||
References | PMC9969012 | |||
Background
| Active school transport (AST) can increase children’s and adolescents’ physical activity. The proportion of children and adolescents who engage in AST has declined internationally in recent decades. This study examines the prevalence, correlates, and perceived barriers to AST in the city of Leipzig, Germany. | PMC10037850 | ||
Methods | The study sample includes 1070 participants, 364 children and 706 adolescents, aged between 6 and 18 years, as well as their parents. The parents as well as adolescents age 10 and above completed questionnaires concerning sociodemographic variables, means of transport/AST and perceived barriers to AST. The distance bet... | PMC10037850 | ||
Results | Approximately half of the children (59%) and adolescents (51%) engaged in AST. The prevalence of AST exhibited a negative correlation with age (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.9–0.99, | PMC10037850 | ||
Conclusions | Future interventions promoting AST in an urban environment should be guided by the identified perceived barriers. | PMC10037850 | ||
Trial registration | LIFE Child has been retrospectively registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02550236). | PMC10037850 | ||
Supplementary Information | The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-023-15464-7. | PMC10037850 | ||
Keywords | Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. | PMC10037850 | ||
Introduction | SECONDARY | Physical activity is considered a key factor in the prevention of several chronic conditions [An emerging body of literature discusses factors influencing AST on an individual, cultural, social, physical, and political level. Social-ecological models highlight the role of the environment in behavioral choices [List of ... | PMC10037850 | |
Methods | PMC10037850 | |||
Study design | DISEASES, DISEASES | The present study is part of the LIFE Child study conducted at the Research Center for Civilization Diseases in Leipzig (Germany). LIFE Child is a longitudinal cohort study investigating the development of children and adolescents from pregnancy until early adulthood with a particular interest in the origins of non-com... | PMC10037850 | |
Study population | The initial sample consisted of 1456 children and adolescents. 386 participants were excluded because of missing information on their means of transport (Fifty-three percent of the participants were boys. Most participants had a mid-level socioeconomic status (SES) (58%); low SES (2%) was under- and high SES overrepres... | PMC10037850 | ||
Measures | phrasing:“It, Wilson et al. | SECONDARY | SES was calculated as the Winkler Index, a composite score considering parental education, parental occupations, and equivalized household net equivalent income. Scores on the Winkler Index range from 3 to 21 [The distance between home and school was calculated as the network distance from the home to school address us... | PMC10037850 |
Statistical analysis | REGRESSION, DELETION | All analyses were performed using the software R [In order to identify the final set of explanatory variables, all variables with a significant result in the univariate analyses were included in the multivariate modelling process. In a second step, following the statistical principle of parsimony, we used a forward and... | PMC10037850 | |
Results | PMC10037850 | |||
Descriptive | On average, children lived 1930 m (SD: 2688) away from school and adolescents 3468 m (SD: 3210). The mean duration of the school trip was 13.28 min (SD: 8.84) for children and 19.50 min (SD: 13.30) for adolescents. AST was significantly more common in summer (morning: 53.64%, afternoon: 54.58%) than in winter (morning:... | PMC10037850 | ||
Age, gender and SES | SECONDARY | The share taking AST decreased with age (OR = 0.94 per year, CI = 0.9–0.99 Children in secondary school had significantly lower odds of AST than children in primary school (OR = 0.57, CI = 0.45–0.74, Walking was more frequently reported than cycling. However, the share of cyclers increased with age while the share of w... | PMC10037850 | |
Perceived barriers | The mean number of perceived barriers was 3.26 (SD: 2.83) for the parents of children, 2.49 (SD: 2.86) for the parents of adolescents, and 1.55 (SD: 2.43) for adolescents themselves. The parents of adolescents perceived significantly fewer barriers than the parents of children (The number of perceived barriers reported... | PMC10037850 | ||
Discussion | ’ | This study analyzed the prevalence of AST among children and adolescents and barriers perceived by parents and adolescents in a city of about 600 000 inhabitants in Germany. The prevalence of AST in our study sample (53.6%) ranges below the percentages published for Germany as a whole: 78.3% in a nationwide cohort of c... | PMC10037850 | |
Strengths and weaknesses | weakness | The strengths of our study include the objective definition of AST, which takes into account combined transport modes. To our knowledge, this is the only study assessing perceived barriers to AST for schoolchildren across the whole age span from 1A weakness is that we could not control for possible cluster effects on t... | PMC10037850 | |
Conclusions | Significant associations were found between AST and factors from the domains of physical environment, safety, social and individual/family preferences. Some of them were consistently negatively related to AST (e.g., a heavy load to carry | PMC10037850 | ||
Acknowledgements | The authors would like to thank all participants, the LIFE Child study investigators, and the LIFE Child colleagues for their advice. | PMC10037850 | ||
Authors’ contributions | CM | IW refined the research question, analyzed and interpreted the data, and wrote the article. MG and IW performed the literature research and developed the research question. MV planned the study and provided guidance in the statistical data analysis, interpretation of data and writing of the article. TL, UI and CS criti... | PMC10037850 | |
Funding | Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. This study was supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Germany, FKZ: 01-GL1906; by the Free State of Saxony as per the budget approved by the state parliament (GeoEtiology); by the Regional Development Fund (LIFE Forschungszen... | PMC10037850 | ||
Availability of data and materials | The datasets on which the present study is based are not publicly accessible, since the publication of data was not covered in study participants’ informed consent. Potentially sensitive information is collected in the context of the LIFE Child study; therefore, the data protection concept requires that all researchers... | PMC10037850 | ||
Declarations | PMC10037850 | |||
Ethics approval and consent to participate | All parents gave written informed consent for them and their children to be included in the study. An additional written informed consent was obtained by adolescents age 12 and above. The study was conducted in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethics approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the Medic... | PMC10037850 | ||
Consent for publication | Not applicable. | PMC10037850 | ||
Competing interests | The authors declare no competing interests. | PMC10037850 | ||
References | PMC10037850 | |||
Introduction | delirium, PTE, insomnia, CTEPH | CHRONIC THROMBOEMBOLIC PULMONARY HYPERTENSION | Individuals receiving care in the intensive care unit (ICU) suffer from extremely poor sleepRamelteon is a synthetic, melatonin-receptor (types 1 and 2) agonist that is FDA-approved for the treatment of insomnia. In the outpatient setting, studies have shown that ramelteon increases total sleep time (magnitude of effec... | PMC9879948 |
Methods | PMC9879948 | |||
Ethics approval and consent to participate | This study conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, was granted approval by the UCSD Human Research Protections Program (#151294). Written, informed consent was obtained from each participant on the night prior to their procedure after a detailed explanation of the risks and benefits of participating w... | PMC9879948 | ||
Parent study | delirium, delirious, Confusion | Detailed methods of the randomized control trial are published elsewhere, and a flow diagram for the current study that also includes patient enrollment from the original study is shown in Fig. Participant flow diagram. 120 participants were randomized as part of the original clinical trial. There were 97 patients incl... | PMC9879948 | |
Actigraphy | All participants wore an actigraph (Actiwatch Spectrum Plus, Respironics Inc.; Murrysville, PA) beginning after the completion of surgery, placed shortly after their arrival to the ICU. These devices were set to record activity counts in 15 s epochs. Actigraphy devices use accelerometry-based technology to determine ac... | PMC9879948 | ||
Actigraphy analysis: light analysis | delirious | The actigraph device simultaneously collects white light data (reported in lux) with the activity data. Daytime and nighttime light levels were averaged for each participant based on post-extubation day, and are presented according to group (ramelteon vs. placebo; delirious vs. never delirious). | PMC9879948 | |
Data analysis and statistics | delirium, SE | Data for the sleep, activity, and non-parametric circadian rest-activity metrics were extracted for each patient as defined and described above. For all metrics except for IS, we first examined the main effects of both the drug and delirium state independently via linear mixed effects models accounting for the repeated... | PMC9879948 | |
Results | PMC9879948 | |||
Participants and baseline characteristics | There were Baseline characteristics of patients receiving placebo vs. ramelteon. | PMC9879948 | ||
Effect of ramelteon on circadian rest-activity rhythms | This analysis consisted of 79 individuals and 180 days of data. Table | PMC9879948 | ||
Circadian rest-activity rhythms in delirious vs. never delirious patients | delirious | We found that delirious patients had a lower IS (Fig. | PMC9879948 | |
Discussion | delirious | We present several important findings in this study. First, ramelteon, as compared to placebo, did not have an impact on total sleep time, sleep fragmentation, or circadian parameters as measured by actigraphy in this ICU cohort. Those who received ramelteon had a lower activity level over the post-extubation ICU perio... | PMC9879948 | |
Effect of ramelteon on sleep | delirium | While some (though not all) studies have shown ramelteon to reduce the incidence of deliriumGiven the number of studies suggesting that efforts aimed at improving sleep reduce delirium | PMC9879948 | |
Sleep and light in the ICU | We note that, consistent with other studies, sleep in the ICU was quite poor at night. Assuming actigraphy may overestimate sleep time in the ICU, especially for those moving little after major surgery, we note that sleep time decreased each day post-extubation. This decrease is probably due to increased activity/movem... | PMC9879948 | ||
Sleep and delirium | delirium, cognitive decline | We and others have previously shown that sleep fragmentation is associated with delirium and cognitive decline, whereas total sleep duration is often similar in those with and without delirium | PMC9879948 | |
Actigraphy in the ICU | CRITICAL ILLNESS MYOPATHY | Actigraphy, which relies on movements for its measurements, is not a replacement for polysomnography, particularly in the ICU, where medication, acute illness, and critical illness myopathy can all contribute to decreased activity. However, actigraphy does have benefits over polysomnography in that it is less cumbersom... | PMC9879948 | |
Limitations | As above, we did not use PSG. We restricted our analysis to days off mechanical ventilation. However, in our cohort, the majority of patients were on a ventilator for less than 24 h, and for most subjects (72%) we therefore analyzed at least 2 days’ worth of data. We did not confirm that the circadian activity rhythm m... | PMC9879948 | ||
Conclusion | delirium | Using objective measurements, we found that the use of ramelteon did not improve sleep duration or circadian rest-activity rhythms. Differences in interdaily stability were seen in those with and without delirium. Further studies are warranted to determine the best uses of actigraphy in the ICU setting. | PMC9879948 | |
Supplementary Information | The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-023-28095-0. | PMC9879948 | ||
Author contributions | S.J.J. helped conducted the project, analyzed and interpreted data and wrote the manuscript. S.R.S.B. contributed to data analysis and statistical interpretation, and edited the manuscript. S.A.I. contributed to the interpretation of activity, sleep and circadian analysis and edited the manuscript. E.T.T. assisted in d... | PMC9879948 | ||
Funding | Dr. Jaiswal received support in part by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award number UL1TR002550. Dr. Kamdar is supported by a National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Aging Paul B. Beeson Career Development Award number K76AG059936. | PMC9879948 | ||
Data availability | Datasets generated from this study are available upon reasonable request to Dr. Owens (rowens@health.ucsd.edu). | PMC9879948 | ||
Competing interests | SAI consults for Eisai, Merck, Idorsia, PureTech. Otherwise, the authors declare that they have no competing interests. | PMC9879948 | ||
References | PMC9879948 | |||
Subject terms | heart failure symptoms, LVOTO, LV outflow tract obstruction, cardiac disease | DISEASE, HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY (HCM), CARDIAC DISEASE | Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most prevalent inherited cardiac disease in humans and cats and lacks efficacious pharmacologic interventions in the preclinical phase of disease. LV outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) is commonly observed in HCM-affected patients and is a primary driver of heart failure symptoms... | PMC9807554 |
Introduction | disease of cardiac sarcomeric, HCM | DISEASE, LEFT VENTRICULAR OUTFLOW TRACT OBSTRUCTION | Small molecule inhibitors are an emerging class of novel therapeutic agents that inhibit the function of specific proteins with the potential for neutralizing deleterious downstream effectsHCM is a disease of cardiac sarcomeric proteins with identified mutations in cats affecting the One contributing factor to morbidit... | PMC9807554 |
Discussion | HCM, LVOTO, fibrosis, myocardial disarray, myosin, cardiac disease, heart failure, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | DISEASE, FIBROSIS, CARDIAC DISEASE, HEART FAILURE, HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY | A research colony of mixed-breed Maine Coon cats with the A31P Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most prevalent inherited cardiac disease in humans with an estimated incidence of up to 1:500 (0.2%) in the general populationThe identification and treatment of LVOTO is important in humans with oHCM as it likely contribu... | PMC9807554 |
Methods | PMC9807554 | |||
Animals | All experimental protocols were approved by the University of California Davis Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC). Research was conducted in accordance with all relevant guidelines and regulations of the University of California, Davis, IACUC (Protocol number 20565) and all methods are reported in acco... | PMC9807554 | ||
Experimental design | This was a randomized, controlled, cross-over study. Cats received single oral doses of vehicle or Cross-over study design. | PMC9807554 | ||
Echocardiographic evaluations | hyperthyroidism | HYPERTHYROIDISM, SYSTEMIC HYPERTENSION | Baseline echocardiographic evaluations were performed 24 h prior to each treatment dosing. On the morning of the examination, cats were dosed with gabapentin (100 mg PO) approximately one hour prior to the study. The cats were sedated with butorphanol (0.3 mg/kg IM) and acepromazine (0.1–0.5 mg/kg IM) to facilitate ech... | PMC9807554 |
Author contributions | P.C. | J.A.S., S.P.H., and D.T.H. conceived the experiment(s). J.A.S., M.S.O., A.N.S., J.L.K., P.C., and S.L.K. conducted the experiment(s). A.N.S., M.S.O., A.L.W., V.N.R., and J.A.S. analyzed the results. A.N.S., J.A.S., and V.N.R. wrote the original manuscript draft. All authors reviewed and revised the final manuscript. | PMC9807554 | |
Funding | This study was funded by Cytokinetics Inc. | PMC9807554 | ||
Data availability | Restrictions apply to the availability of these data. Data are available from the corresponding author with the permission of Cytokinetics, Inc. | PMC9807554 | ||
Competing interests | D.T.H., B.P.M., P.C., and F.I.M. are employees of Cytokinetics and were financially compensated for their work. | PMC9807554 | ||
References | PMC9807554 | |||
Subject terms | TNBC, tumor malignancy | TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER, TUMOR GROWTH | Mathematical models based on partial differential equations (PDEs) can be exploited to handle clinical data with space/time dimensions, e.g. tumor growth challenged by neoadjuvant therapy. A model based on simplified assessment of tumor malignancy and pharmacodynamics efficiency was exercised to discover new metrics of... | PMC10366144 |
Introduction | cancer, Breast cancer, tumors, death | CANCER, BREAST CANCER, TUMORS | Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women and the most frequent cause of death by cancer in this sexIn the last few years, mathematical modeling has been entering the arena of oncological research in an attempt to predict spatial and temporal evolution of tumors transferring We hereby retrospectively applie... | PMC10366144 |
Methods | PMC10366144 | |||
Study population | This analysis was retrospectively performed on the BC patients enrolled within the OLTRE “window of opportunity” trial (NCT02681562) with available data for the mathematical modeling. Within the OLTRE study, conducted at the ASST Cremona between 2016 and 2019, treatment-naïve patients with locally advanced non-metastat... | PMC10366144 | ||
Study hypotheses and objectives | The main hypothesis behind this sub-analysis of the OLTRE trial was to test an | PMC10366144 | ||
Study procedures: theoretical premises | cancer | CANCER | From the engineering point of view, BC is a single-phase (solid) biomaterial, featuring sharp boundaries delineating the cancer cells population ØIn the equation, Key methodological steps of the mathematical model. ( | PMC10366144 |
Study procedures: analysis | tumor | TUMOR | The system of equations applied to the available breast volume, Eqs. (Population characteristics were assessed through standard descriptive statistics and variations in mean for main pathological variables pre/post olaparib were assessed through Students’ t-test for paired samples. The correlation of the main clinicopa... | PMC10366144 |
Ethical approval | The OLTRE trial (NCT02681562) was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, the Good Clinical Practice principles and all local regulations. The study obtained the approval of the ethical committee of the ASST of Cremona Hospital (IRB Approval 09/09/2015 n.21741/2015) and all participants provided writt... | PMC10366144 | ||
Discussion | TNBC, HER2-positive, tumor | PROLIFERATION, TUMOR GROWTH, TUMOR | We tested, in a cohort of 17 patients affected by early-stage TNBC treated with 3 weeks of olaparib in a “window of opportunity” trial, a mass transfer PDEs-based reactive–diffusive mathematical model of tumor growth which might be capable of efficiently predicting the response to olaparib in terms of SUVThe model show... | PMC10366144 |
Acknowledgements | The authors want to gratefully thank all patients and their respective families involved in the OLTRE trial. | PMC10366144 | ||
Author contributions | G.R., M.V.D.B., F.S. and D.G. conceived the study. All authors, except for F.S., M.V.D.B. and G.R., participated in OLTRE study procedures, along with study nurses, clinical research coordinators and other study-center staff. FS performed the statistical analyses, G.R. and M.V.D.B. performed the mathematical modeling. ... | PMC10366144 | ||
Funding | ONCOLOGY | FS received a European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Fellowship – Translational and the 2021 BBVA Foundation/Hospital Clinic of Barcelona Joan Rodés—Jose Baselga Advanced Research Contract in Oncology. Any views, opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those solely of th... | PMC10366144 | |
Data availability | The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the Corresponding Author upon reasonable request. | PMC10366144 | ||
Competing interests | DG declared personal fees for educational activities from Novartis, Lilly, Pfizer, Roche and Astrazeneca, outside of the submitted work. FS declared personal fees for educational activities from Novartis, outside of the submitted work. IP has declared consulting fees from Roche, Novartis, Lilly, Pfizer, Astra-Zeneca, P... | PMC10366144 | ||
References | PMC10366144 | |||
Background | gastric cancer | GASTRIC NEOPLASMS, GASTRIC CANCER | This protocol is for a multi-centre randomised controlled trial to determine whether the computer-aided system ENDOANGEL-GC improves the detection rates of gastric neoplasms and early gastric cancer (EGC) in routine oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). | PMC10176798 |
Discussion | The results of this trial will help determine the effectiveness of the ENDOANGEL-GC in clinical settings. | PMC10176798 | ||
Trial registration | ChiCTR (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry), ChiCTR2100054449, registered 17 December 2021. | PMC10176798 | ||
Supplementary Information | The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-023-07346-5. | PMC10176798 | ||
Keywords | PMC10176798 | |||
Introduction | Gastric cancer, Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, gastric cancers, upper gastrointestinal neoplasms, deaths | GASTRIC CANCER, GASTRIC CANCERS, GASTRIC NEOPLASMS, BLIND, GASTRIC CANCER | Gastric cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths, with an estimated 1,080,000 new cases and 760,000 deaths in 2020 [Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is widely used to detect and diagnose early gastric cancers [Despite its diagnostic ability, the quality of endoscopic examination plays an important ro... | PMC10176798 |
Methods/design | PMC10176798 | |||
Study design | This is a prospective, single-blind, parallel-group, multicentre, RCT. The recruited participants will be randomised into either the experimental or control groups at a ratio of 1:1. Participants in the experimental group will undergo endoscopic examinations with the assistance of ENDOANGEL-GC, while those in the contr... | PMC10176798 | ||
Study setting | This study is being conducted in large-scale, primary hospitals in China. | PMC10176798 |
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