Enhance dataset card: add paper, code, task category, language, abstract, assets, and citation
#2
by nielsr HF Staff - opened
README.md
CHANGED
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@@ -3,35 +3,50 @@ configs:
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- config_name: default
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data_files:
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- split: law
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path:
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- split: psychology
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- split: chemistry
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- split: biology
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- split: physics
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- split: history
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- split: economics
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- split: math
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- split: business
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- split: philosophy
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- split: health
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- split: engineering
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- split: computer_science
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- split: other
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---
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-
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## Usage
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```python
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from datasets import load_dataset
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# Load specific domain
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law_dataset = load_dataset("dongboklee/dORM-14B-test", split="law")
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```
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- config_name: default
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data_files:
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- split: law
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path: law.json
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- split: psychology
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path: psychology.json
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- split: chemistry
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path: chemistry.json
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- split: biology
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path: biology.json
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- split: physics
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path: physics.json
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- split: history
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path: history.json
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- split: economics
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path: economics.json
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- split: math
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path: math.json
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- split: business
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path: business.json
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- split: philosophy
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path: philosophy.json
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- split: health
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path: health.json
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- split: engineering
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path: engineering.json
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- split: computer_science
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path: computer_science.json
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- split: other
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path: other.json
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task_categories:
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- text-ranking
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language:
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- en
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---
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# dORM-14B-test Dataset
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This dataset contains reward scores for the `test` split, extracted by the `dORM-14B` model, as part of the research presented in the paper "[Rethinking Reward Models for Multi-Domain Test-Time Scaling](https://huggingface.co/papers/2510.00492)".
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**Paper:** [Rethinking Reward Models for Multi-Domain Test-Time Scaling](https://huggingface.co/papers/2510.00492)
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**Code:** https://github.com/db-Lee/Multi-RM
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## Abstract of the Paper
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The reliability of large language models (LLMs) during test-time scaling is often assessed with \emph{external verifiers} or \emph{reward models} that distinguish correct reasoning from flawed logic. Prior work generally assumes that process reward models (PRMs), which score every intermediate reasoning step, outperform outcome reward models (ORMs) that assess only the final answer. This view is based mainly on evidence from narrow, math-adjacent domains. We present the first unified evaluation of four reward model variants, discriminative ORM and PRM (\DisORM, \DisPRM) and generative ORM and PRM (\GenORM, \GenPRM), across 14 diverse domains. Contrary to conventional wisdom, we find that (i) \DisORM performs on par with \DisPRM, (ii) \GenPRM is not competitive, and (iii) overall, \GenORM is the most robust, yielding significant and consistent gains across every tested domain. We attribute this to PRM-style stepwise scoring, which inherits label noise from LLM auto-labeling and has difficulty evaluating long reasoning trajectories, including those involving self-correcting reasoning. Our theoretical analysis shows that step-wise aggregation compounds errors as reasoning length grows, and our empirical observations confirm this effect. These findings challenge the prevailing assumption that fine-grained supervision is always better and support generative outcome verification for multi-domain deployment. We publicly release our code, datasets, and checkpoints at \href{ this https URL }{\underline{\small\texttt{ this https URL }}} to facilitate future research in multi-domain settings.
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## Usage
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```python
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from datasets import load_dataset
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# Load specific domain
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law_dataset = load_dataset("dongboklee/dORM-14B-test", split="law")
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```
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## Assets
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Please find the assets of this repo below, including training and test datasets, model checkpoints, and rewards obtained by the four reward model variants.
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### Datasets
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| Name | Description |
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|:---|:---|
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| [train](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/train) | multi-domain training dataset for dORM/dPRM (mostly adapted from [VersaPRM](https://github.com/UW-Madison-Lee-Lab/VersaPRM)). |
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| [train_gORM](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/train_gORM) | multi-domain training dataset for gORM generated by [QwQ-32B](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/QwQ-32B). |
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| [train_gPRM](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/train_gPRM) | multi-domain training dataset for gPRM generated by [QwQ-32B](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/QwQ-32B). |
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| [test](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/test) | multi-domain test dataset with CoTs (N=128) generated by [Llama3.1-8B-Instruct](https://huggingface.co/meta-llama/Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct) (mostly adapted from [VersaPRM](https://github.com/UW-Madison-Lee-Lab/VersaPRM)). |
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| [test_smollm](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/test_smollm) | multi-domain test dataset with CoTs (N=16) generated by [SmolLM3-3B](https://huggingface.co/HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM3-3B). |
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| [test_qwen](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/test_qwen) | multi-domain test dataset with CoTs (N=16) generated by [Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct). |
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| [test_gemma](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/test_gemma) | multi-domain test dataset with CoTs (N=16) generated by [gemma-2-9b-it](https://huggingface.co/google/gemma-2-9b-it). |
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| [test_llama](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/test_llama) | multi-domain test dataset with CoTs (N=16) generated by [Llama-3.1-70B-Instruct](https://huggingface.co/meta-llama/Llama-3.1-70B-Instruct). |
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### Model Checkpoints
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| Name | Backbone | Trained On | LoRA-merged version |
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|:---|:---|:---|:---|
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| [dORM-14B](https://huggingface.co/dongboklee/dORM-14B) | [14B backbone](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-14B) | [train](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/train) | — |
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| [dPRM-14B](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/dPRM-14B) | [14B backbone](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-14B) | [train](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/train) | — |
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| [gORM-14B](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/gORM-14B) | [14B backbone](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-14B) | [train_gORM](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/train_gORM) | [gORM-14B-merged](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/gORM-14B-merged) |
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| [gPRM-14B](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/gPRM-14B) | [14B backbone](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-14B) | [train_gPRM](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/train_gPRM) | [gPRM-14B-merged](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/gPRM-14B-merged) |
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| [dORM-8B](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/dORM-8B) | [8B backbone](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Llama-8B) | [train](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/train) | — |
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| [dPRM-8B](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/dPRM-8B) | [8B backbone](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Llama-8B) | [train](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/train) | — |
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| [gORM-8B](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/gORM-8B) | [8B backbone](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Llama-8B) | [train_gORM](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/train_gORM) | [gORM-8B-merged](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/gORM-8B-merged) |
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| [gPRM-8B](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/gPRM-8B) | [8B backbone](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Llama-8B) | [train_gPRM](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/train_gPRM) | [gPRM-8B-merged](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/gPRM-8B-merged) |
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### Rewards on Datasets by Model
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| Name | Model | Dataset |
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|:---|:---|:---|
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| [dORM-14B-test](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/dORM-14B-test) | [dORM-14B](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/dORM-14B) | [test](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/test) |
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| [dORM-8B-test](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/dORM-8B-test) | [dORM-8B](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/dORM-8B) | [test](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/test) |
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| [dORM-14B-test_smollm](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/dORM-14B-test_smollm) | [dORM-14B](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/dORM-14B) | [test_smollm](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/test_smollm) |
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| [dORM-14B-test_qwen](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/dORM-14B-test_qwen) | [dORM-14B](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/dORM-14B) | [test_qwen](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/test_qwen) |
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| [dORM-14B-test_gemma](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/dORM-14B-test_gemma) | [dORM-14B](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/dORM-14B) | [test_gemma](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/test_gemma) |
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| [dORM-14B-test_llama](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/dORM-14B-test_llama) | [dORM-14B](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/dORM-14B) | [test_llama](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/test_llama) |
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| [dPRM-14B-test](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/dPRM-14B-test) | [dPRM-14B](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/dPRM-14B) | [test](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/test) |
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| [dPRM-8B-test](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/dPRM-8B-test) | [dPRM-8B](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/dPRM-8B) | [test](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/test) |
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| [dPRM-14B-test_smollm](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/dPRM-14B-test_smollm) | [dPRM-14B](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/dPRM-14B) | [test_smollm](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/test_smollm) |
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| [dPRM-14B-test_qwen](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/dPRM-14B-test_qwen) | [dPRM-14B](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/dPRM-14B) | [test_qwen](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/test_qwen) |
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| [dPRM-14B-test_gemma](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/dPRM-14B-test_gemma) | [dPRM-14B](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/dPRM-14B) | [test_gemma](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/test_gemma) |
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| [dPRM-14B-test_llama](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/dPRM-14B-test_llama) | [dPRM-14B](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/dPRM-14B) | [test_llama](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/test_llama) |
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| [gORM-14B-test](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/gORM-14B-test) | [gORM-14B-merged](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/gORM-14B-merged) | [test](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/test) |
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| [gORM-8B-test](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/gORM-8B-test) | [gORM-8B-merged](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/gORM-8B-merged) | [test](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/test) |
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| [gORM-14B-test_smollm](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/gORM-14B-test_smollm) | [gORM-14B-merged](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/gORM-14B-merged) | [test_smollm](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/test_smollm) |
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| [gORM-14B-test_qwen](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/gORM-14B-test_qwen) | [gORM-14B-merged](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/gORM-14B-merged) | [test_qwen](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/test_qwen) |
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| [gORM-14B-test_gemma](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/gORM-14B-test_gemma) | [gORM-14B-merged](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/gORM-14B-merged) | [test_gemma](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/test_gemma) |
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| [gORM-14B-test_llama](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/gORM-14B-test_llama) | [gORM-14B-merged](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/gORM-14B-merged) | [test_llama](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/test_llama) |
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| [gPRM-14B-test](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/gPRM-14B-test) | [gPRM-14B-merged](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/gPRM-14B-merged) | [test](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/test) |
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| [gPRM-8B-test](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/gPRM-8B-test) | [gPRM-8B-merged](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/gPRM-8B-merged) | [test](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/test) |
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| [gPRM-14B-test_smollm](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/gPRM-14B-test_smollm) | [gPRM-14B-merged](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/gPRM-14B-merged) | [test_smollm](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/test_smollm) |
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| [gPRM-14B-test_qwen](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/gPRM-14B-test_qwen) | [gPRM-14B-merged](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/gPRM-14B-merged) | [test_qwen](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/test_qwen) |
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| [gPRM-14B-test_gemma](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/gPRM-14B-test_gemma) | [gPRM-14B-merged](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/gPRM-14B-merged) | [test_gemma](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/test_gemma) |
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| [gPRM-14B-test_llama](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/gPRM-14B-test_llama) | [gPRM-14B-merged](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/gPRM-14B-merged) | [test_llama](https://huggingface.co/datasets/dongboklee/test_llama) |
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## Citation
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```bibtex
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@article{multi-rm,
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title = {Rethinking Reward Models for Multi-Domain Test-Time Scaling},
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author = {Lee, Dong Bok and Lee, Seanie and Park, Sangwoo and Kang, Minki and Baek, Jinheon and Kim, Dongki and Wagner, Dominik and Jin, Jiongdao and Lee, Heejun and Bocklet, Tobias and Wang, Jinyu and Fu, Jingjing and Hwang, Sung Ju and Bian, Jiang and Song, Lei},
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journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:2510.00492},
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year = {2025}
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}
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```
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