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400 | 2 Using the Python Interpreter 2 1 Invoking the Interpreter The Python interpreter is usually installed as usr local bin python3 12 on those machines where it is available putting usr local bin in your Unix shell s search path makes it possible to start it by typing the command python3 12 to the shell 1 Since the choic... | en | "WzAuMDA1NjMyMjA0NDY5MjkzMzU2LC0wLjA1MjQxODY5MDE3NDgxODA0LC0wLjA4NzY3MTYyMjYzMzkzNDAyLDAuMDI1ODE5MzE0NjQzNzQwNjU0LC0wLjAzNTk2OTUyMTg1MDM0NzUyLC0wLjAyOTMyNjM0MzkwODkwNTk4MywwLjAwMjkyMzg4MzAzMjA1MzcwOSwwLjA4Mjk0NTU0Nzk5Nzk1MTUxLDAuMDE0NTEwNDczMjM2NDQxNjEyLDAuMDM0OTUxNzgzNzE2Njc4NjIsLTAuMDExNzc2MzI5OTQ5NDk4MTc3LC0wLjAwMjI... |
401 | f For more on interactive mode see Interactive Mode 2 2 The Interpreter and Its Environment 2 2 1 Source Code Encoding By default Python source files are treated as encoded in UTF 8 In that encoding characters of most languages in the world can be used simultaneously in string literals identifiers and comments although... | en | "Wy0wLjAzMDE1Njg5MzY1NTY1Nzc2OCwtMC4wMjU2NDY5MDYzNDYwODI2ODcsLTAuMDc2OTM1MzA2MTkxNDQ0NCwtMC4wMDA0MDMzMjY1Mjg2MTI1MjQyNywtMC4wMzgxNzE0NTE1Mzg4MDExOSwtMC4wNjM2Mjg5MzQzMjM3ODc2OSwwLjAxNzk2MTkxNzQ0NTA2MzU5LDAuMDgwMzI1MzU3NjE1OTQ3NzIsLTAuMDIwMDQ4NzM3NTI1OTM5OTQsLTAuMDEzNzIxODk1NDA0MTYwMDIzLDAuMDA4Nzk5ODU1NTk3MzE3MjE5LC0wLjA... |
402 | doctest Test interactive Python examples Source code Lib doctest py The doctest module searches for pieces of text that look like interactive Python sessions and then executes those sessions to verify that they work exactly as shown There are several common ways to use doctest To check that a module s docstrings are up... | en | "Wy0wLjA2NTU0Njc1MTAyMjMzODg3LDAuMDA0MTM3OTQxMTcwNDgzODI4LC0wLjA2MTUwODkyMDA0MzcwNjg5NCwwLjA0ODA4ODIxNTI5MTUwMDA5LDAuMDM3MzQwNzg2MzA4MDUwMTU2LC0wLjA4NzEzMTU0NDk0NzYyNDIsLTAuMDI1OTMzMDg2ODcyMTAwODMsMC4wNDkzOTY0NDc4MzczNTI3NSwtMC4wMjE4NjU1NjUzMjk3OTAxMTUsMC4wMTI0NzcwNzAwOTMxNTQ5MDcsLTAuMDE3MjEwNjk5NjE3ODYyNywtMC4wMTYxMTc... |
403 | age For more information on testmod see section Basic API Simple Usage Checking Examples in a Text File Another simple application of doctest is testing interactive examples in a text file This can be done with the testfile function import doctest doctest testfile example txt That short script executes and verifies any... | en | "WzAuMDAyODIwMzY4NjIzMzYwOTkxNSwwLjA4ODc5NzMzODMwNjkwMzg0LC0wLjA3OTg4MDc1MTY2OTQwNjg5LDAuMDQ3MjYxNTg4Mjc1NDMyNTksMC4wMTY4ODI5Mzc0MDE1MzMxMjcsLTAuMDIwNzcxNzEyMDY0NzQzMDQyLC0wLjAzNDE0NzYzNTEwMjI3MjAzNCwwLjEzNjI2NzY3Njk0OTUwMTA0LC0wLjA4MDU4NTgyOTkxMzYxNjE4LDAuMDMwMTc4NjYwNTI2ODcxNjgsMC4wNTUxMTEzMTEzNzYwOTQ4MiwtMC4wMTEzMjU... |
404 | oes contain a blank line put BLANKLINE in your doctest example each place a blank line is expected All hard tab characters are expanded to spaces using 8 column tab stops Tabs in output generated by the tested code are not modified Because any hard tabs in the sample output are expanded this means that if the code outp... | en | "Wy0wLjAwNjk2MDY3MDQ2Mzc0MDgyNiwwLjAzNDMyNDU0MTY4Nzk2NTM5LC0wLjAwOTMxMjIxODk4NjQ1MTYyNiwwLjA4NTA5NjQ3MTAxMTYzODY0LC0wLjAyNTMxMzkxMTk1OTUyODkyMywtMC4wODA3NjExNzE4NzczODQxOSwtMC4wNDQzMjcyNDQxNjI1NTk1MSwwLjA2MTUzNzUyNjU0NzkwODc4LC0wLjAyOTI3NDczNTU5OTc1NjI0LDAuMDUwMDYzNDUzNjE0NzExNzYsLTAuMDEzNjQyOTI1NzY5MDkwNjUyLC0wLjAzMzg... |
405 | n example the use of is independent of doctest s ELLIPSIS option The ellipsis in that example could be left out or could just as well be three or three hundred commas or digits or an indented transcript of a Monty Python skit Some details you should read once but won t need to remember Doctest can t guess whether your ... | en | "Wy0wLjAyNDYzNzE1MTUwOTUyMzM5LDAuMDYyMDcyMTAxOTgwNDQ3NzcsMC4wMDA5MjcyODU5MzE1Mzg3OTA1LDAuMDMxNjE4MjU2MTIxODczODU2LDAuMDkzODc4OTAyNDk0OTA3MzgsMC4wMDY2MDgwMDcwMTAwNzI0NywtMC4wMjQxNjM5NTc2ODUyMzIxNjIsMC4wNzM4MzM5NTczMTQ0OTEyNywtMC4wMTEwNzM4NzgwMzQ5NDkzMDMsLTAuMDI3MDI0NzIxNzI2Nzc1MTcsMC4wMTY3Nzc3NDA3OTE0NDAwMSwtMC4wMTAyNzY... |
406 | ame kinds of oops it matched too much surprises that is prone to in regular expressions doctest IGNORE_EXCEPTION_DETAIL When specified doctests expecting exceptions pass so long as an exception of the expected type is raised even if the details message and fully qualified exception name don t match For example an examp... | en | "Wy0wLjAyOTgxNDQ5ODQ5OTAzNTgzNSwwLjA3OTMyNzg2NjQzNTA1MDk2LDAuMDYzNjM0OTQ2OTQyMzI5NCwwLjA0NTY1NzM4MTQxNTM2NzEyNiwwLjEwMDUyNTgwMzg2NDAwMjIzLC0wLjA5OTkzMjQ1NDUyNjQyNDQxLC0wLjAxMjEwMTg1NjA2MDMyNjEsMC4wNjE4NTAwODU4NTQ1MzAzMzQsMC4wMTMzNTcxOTQxNDA1NTM0NzQsLTAuMDU4MDQyOTI4NTc2NDY5NDIsMC4wMTc4OTA0NTE0NzU5Nzc4OTgsLTAuMDE5OTMyNTQ... |
407 | ecial Python comments following an example s source code directive doctest directive_options directive_options directive_option directive_option directive_option on_or_off directive_option_name on_or_off directive_option_name DONT_ACCEPT_BLANKLINE NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE Whitespace is not allowed between the or and the di... | en | "Wy0wLjA2Njk5ODE2ODgyNjEwMzIxLDAuMDU5OTc3Mzg5ODcyMDc0MTMsLTAuMDA4NDUyMTcxNDU5Nzk0MDQ0LDAuMDkxMDYxMDAzNTA2MTgzNjIsMC4wNzMyMTUwNTI0ODU0NjYsLTAuMDI2OTY5MTkwNjg2OTQxMTQ3LC0wLjAyODg4ODYwMzY3MjM4NTIxNiwtMC4wMDgxODU3ODcxMjY0MjE5MjgsLTAuMDQ5NTQxNDg4Mjg5ODMzMDcsMC4wMDU0Nzg5MDkyMzkxNzI5MzU1LDAuMDY2MDQ5ODgxMjc5NDY4NTQsMC4wMTAwMjU... |
408 | module relative path By default this path is relative to the calling module s directory but if the package argument is specified then it is relative to that package To ensure OS independence filename should use characters to separate path segments and may not be an absolute path i e it may not begin with If module_rel... | en | "Wy0wLjA2NjAzMjMxMjgxMDQyMDk5LC0wLjAxODI1NzYyMzUzODM3NDksLTAuMDM2NzczNTAyODI2NjkwNjc0LC0wLjAxODgwODM2ODU5MzQ1NDM2LDAuMDM5ODE3NjIwMDY4Nzg4NTMsLTAuMTAyNDM5Nzc2MDYyOTY1NCwwLjAyMTcwMjUxODY4NjY1MjE4NCwwLjA3NzE0NjAzODQxMzA0Nzc5LC0wLjAwNDMzNTQ3NTE1NDIyMTA1OCwtMC4wNDg4Nzc0NTE1Njg4NDE5MzQsMC4wODM0ODA3NzUzNTYyOTI3MiwwLjAwNTQzOTk... |
409 | f globs verbose False name NoName compileflags None optionflags 0 Test examples associated with object f for example f may be a string a module a function or a class object A shallow copy of dictionary argument globs is used for the execution context Optional argument name is used in failure messages and defaults to No... | en | "Wy0wLjAzMzA5NzM3ODkwOTU4Nzg2LDAuMDMzNjgxNTU2NTgyNDUwODcsLTAuMDMxNDc0MjQwMTI0MjI1NjE2LDAuMDgxMTYwOTE3ODc4MTUwOTQsMC4wMTE2ODQ2Nzk0MjYyNTI4NDIsLTAuMDc5NDYzNjgzMDY4NzUyMjksMC4wMTY0MjI1ODA5Mjc2MTAzOTcsMC4wMjYxMTc5MTcxNTAyNTkwMTgsLTAuMDMwMDMyMDU3MzE1MTExMTYsLTAuMDU0MTczNzg2MTkzMTMyNCwwLjAyMDY1NTk4NDA1ODk3NjE3MywtMC4wNTA1NjE... |
410 | ocTestParser or subclass that should be used to extract tests from the files It defaults to a normal parser i e DocTestParser Optional argument encoding specifies an encoding that should be used to convert the file to unicode The global __file__ is added to the globals provided to doctests loaded from a text file using... | en | "Wy0wLjA3MTIzMTQ2OTUxMTk4NTc4LDAuMDMyMzUwMTYwMTgxNTIyMzcsLTAuMDQ5MjY3NTM3ODkxODY0NzgsMC4wNDcxNjI5NDYzMTM2MTk2MTQsLTAuMDE4MjgxMDk2NTkyNTQ1NTEsLTAuMDY4NDM1MDU3OTk3NzAzNTUsLTAuMDM3NDI5NzEyNzEyNzY0NzQsMC4wNDcxMTU5NDQzMjU5MjM5MiwtMC4wMjA3MjM4MTA0MTk0NDAyNywtMC4wMDcxOTg3NTE0Mzg0MDkwOSwtMC4wMDAwMjUwNzM2MTAyMzE2Mjk1NzMsLTAuMDQ... |
411 | flexible and should meet most users needs however if you require more fine grained control over testing or wish to extend doctest s capabilities then you should use the advanced API The advanced API revolves around two container classes which are used to store the interactive examples extracted from doctest cases Exam... | en | "Wy0wLjA2MzI0MDE3NzkyOTQwMTQsMC4wMzY4NzA5NjM4NzE0NzkwMzQsLTAuMDE1NDg2MTUwMDQ4NjczMTUzLDAuMDU4MjIwMzc5MDU0NTQ2MzU2LC0wLjAwNjE3MzY1MDczNDEyNjU2OCwtMC4wODk1MTg4NzQ4ODM2NTE3MywtMC4wODM0NjAxNTIxNDkyMDA0NCwwLjA5NzczOTIwNDc2NDM2NjE1LC0wLjA4NDE3MTkyMTAxNDc4NTc3LC0wLjAxMDg4ODc0ODgwMjI0NDY2MywtMC4wMzk4MTc5ODg4NzI1MjgwNzYsLTAuMDI... |
412 | ault options for this example Any option flags not contained in this dictionary are left at their default value as specified by the DocTestRunner s optionflags By default no options are set DocTestFinder objects class doctest DocTestFinder verbose False parser DocTestParser recurse True exclude_empty True A processing ... | en | "Wy0wLjAzOTgyOTcwODYzNTgwNzA0LDAuMDg4NDg4MTE2ODYwMzg5NzEsLTAuMDQ5OTEzMzk4OTIxNDg5NzE2LDAuMDc0MDM3NjExNDg0NTI3NTksMC4wNDIyODk2NjMxMDYyMDMwOCwtMC4wNTczOTg0Nzk0MzE4Njc2LC0wLjAwODA5MDIzMTU2NzYyMTIzMSwwLjAxMjIyNjU2ODUzNDk3MDI4NCwtMC4wMjUwMzYyMzk5OTY1NTI0NjcsMC4wMDk5MTA1Mjk0NzkzODQ0MjIsMC4wMDUxOTQzNjczNzUyMjQ4MjksLTAuMDU3MTY... |
413 | e customized by passing a subclass of OutputChecker to the constructor The test runner s display output can be controlled in two ways First an output function can be passed to run this function will be called with strings that should be displayed It defaults to sys stdout write If capturing the output is not sufficient... | en | "WzAuMDM1MTczOTI2NTAyNDY2MiwwLjA0MjE2NTI3OTM4ODQyNzczNCwtMC4wOTI1MDAyNDcwNjEyNTI2LDAuMDczNDgzMDY0NzcwNjk4NTUsMC4wMTU4OTE3NjA1ODc2OTIyNiwwLjAxMjIwNDQ4NTAxNDA4MTAwMSwtMC4wMTc4Nzc5NDE5NTExNTU2NjMsMC4wODMyNzI0NzIwMjM5NjM5MywtMC4wNzYwMDk3MTMxMTMzMDc5NSwwLjAxODAyMTMxNTMzNjIyNzQxNywtMC4wMjc3MzM0MTUzNjUyMTkxMTYsLTAuMDYwMjc4OTQ... |
414 | hods check_output which compares a given pair of outputs and returns True if they match and output_difference which returns a string describing the differences between two outputs OutputChecker defines the following methods check_output want got optionflags Return True iff the actual output from an example got matches ... | en | "Wy0wLjA0NzEwNzIzNDU5NzIwNjExNiwwLjA1MzkzNTM3ODc4OTkwMTczLC0wLjA2MzE3NDEyODUzMjQwOTY3LC0wLjAxNDQ5MjQxMDIzNTEwNjk0NSwwLjA0MzgxMTIyODEyNjI4NzQ2LC0wLjEwNDkxNjg0MDc5MTcwMjI3LC0wLjAwOTAyNjE3ODE1ODgxOTY3NSwwLjAyODc1ODU0NDQ3NDg0MDE2NCwtMC4wNjQ1MDMyMzc2MDUwOTQ5MSwwLjAwMjY0NjYyNDgwOTEzMTAyNjMsMC4wMjI2NjM4NjMzNzU3ODI5NjcsLTAuMDY... |
415 | m passing the traceback object from the unhandled exception If pm is not specified or is false the script is run under the debugger from the start via passing an appropriate exec call to pdb run doctest debug_src src pm False globs None Debug the doctests in a string This is like function debug above except that a stri... | en | "Wy0wLjAyNDQ3MjU5Nzk4NjQ1OTczMiwwLjAyMjA3NzQ4NTkxODk5ODcxOCwtMC4wMDYzOTEwMTA3MTI4MzIyMTI0LDAuMDcwNTk0NTA0NDc1NTkzNTcsMC4wNjU4NjMxOTk1MzIwMzIwMSwtMC4wODE3NDk3NDQ3MTMzMDY0MywtMC4wMTYwNzY2MjgxMTg3NTM0MzMsMC4wOTQ3NjIwMTk4MTMwNjA3NiwtMC4wMjg4NTA0MjMxNzIxMTYyOCwwLjAwMzQyNjA1ODkxNjM3NTA0MSwwLjAyMzg2OTc4NDU0ODg3ODY3LC0wLjA1MjY... |
416 | natural attitude when writing a doctest based test is that you want to explain the fine points of your software and illustrate them with examples This in turn naturally leads to test files that start with the simplest features and logically progress to complications and edge cases A coherent narrative is the result in... | en | "Wy0wLjAwODM4OTMxMzcwNTI2NTUyMiwtMC4wMDIxMDA2Mzc4ODEwODUyNzY2LC0wLjAxMzgyNzg0ODI0ODE4MzcyNywwLjA3MjU2MDY5MDM0MzM3OTk3LDAuMDQxNjI1MjIwMzI4NTY5NDEsLTAuMDM3NzcyNDY5MjIyNTQ1NjI0LC0wLjA1NzI2MzI2MjU2OTkwNDMzLDAuMDkzNzIzMTQwNjU2OTQ4MDksLTAuMDE5OTE3MTk5Mzg4MTQ2NCwwLjAzODkzNDk0OTc4NTQ3MDk2LDAuMDA4MTQ4NDE1MDE0MTQ3NzU4LDAuMDAxNDI... |
417 | MS Windows Specific Services This chapter describes modules that are only available on MS Windows platforms msvcrt Useful routines from the MS VC runtime File Operations Console I O Other Functions winreg Windows registry access Functions Constants HKEY_ Constants Access Rights 64 bit Specific Value Types Registry Hand... | en | "Wy0wLjAwNDkzNTg1NjkwODU1OTc5OSwtMC4wOTA4MzEzMTcwMDc1NDE2NiwtMC4wOTcyMDY2MDc0NjA5NzU2NSwtMC4wNTUxNzc4NDEzMzU1MzUwNSwtMC4wNjk0OTc5NzI3MjY4MjE5LDAuMDcyMTAwNjU0MjQ0NDIyOTEsMC4wMTA4NzE5MTk4MDMzMjEzNjIsMC4wMjU1MDQxNDk0OTY1NTUzMywtMC4wOTU3OTY1OTI1MzM1ODg0MSwtMC4wMTA5OTg3MTg0NDA1MzI2ODQsMC4wMTQ4MDIyMzcwNDEyOTQ1NzUsMC4wMDY4NzA... |
418 | The Python Standard Library While The Python Language Reference describes the exact syntax and semantics of the Python language this library reference manual describes the standard library that is distributed with Python It also describes some of the optional components that are commonly included in Python distribution... | en | "Wy0wLjA3MjEyMTE3MzE0MzM4Njg0LC0wLjAwOTMwMTI2NTcwMTY1MTU3MywtMC4wNDY4MTUwODYxNTYxMjk4NCwwLjA0MDI1ODgwMjQ3MzU0NTA3NCwwLjA0NTM2NDgyMzE5MjM1ODAyLC0wLjA4MzM3Njc5NTA1MzQ4MjA2LC0wLjAxNzMyNDgwNTI1OTcwNDU5LDAuMDc4MjMwMDY4MDg3NTc3ODIsLTAuMDM1ODI3NDgwMjU2NTU3NDY1LC0wLjA2NjM2MjUwNzY0MTMxNTQ2LC0wLjAzNzcwNTk3NjUxNjAwODM4LDAuMDEyNzI... |
419 | rn matching linecache Random access to text lines shutil High level file operations Data Persistence pickle Python object serialization copyreg Register pickle support functions shelve Python object persistence marshal Internal Python object serialization dbm Interfaces to Unix databases sqlite3 DB API 2 0 interface fo... | en | "Wy0wLjEwNDA4MDg1NTg0NjQwNTAzLDAuMDE2MDk5ODQ0MTI3ODkzNDQ4LC0wLjA5MTk1ODI5MTgyODYzMjM1LDAuMDE0Mzg3Nzk5NDI2OTEzMjYxLC0wLjAxNTgxNzM0NDE4ODY5MDE4NiwtMC4wOTQwNDcxOTYyMDk0MzA3LDAuMDM2MTA3NDA2MDIwMTY0NDksMC4wNjMxODQwNjAxNTYzNDUzNywtMC4wNjQzMDgyODU3MTMxOTU4LDAuMDUyMDY3NTEwNzgzNjcyMzMsLTAuMDQ4NTI5OTI2Njg3NDc5MDIsMC4wMzUxNjEwMDc... |
420 | server Basic XML RPC servers ipaddress IPv4 IPv6 manipulation library Multimedia Services wave Read and write WAV files colorsys Conversions between color systems Internationalization gettext Multilingual internationalization services locale Internationalization services Program Frameworks turtle Turtle graphics cmd Su... | en | "Wy0wLjAzNzkzOTI0Njc0MzkxNzQ2NSwtMC4wMDYxNjMyNTk5NjgxNjE1ODMsLTAuMDA4MTQwNTc4ODY2MDA0OTQ0LC0wLjA1OTM3NjMzMjkwODg2ODc5LC0wLjAzMDIxNzIzNzc3MDU1NzQwNCwtMC4wMjgxMzU5OTA3MjM5Njc1NTIsLTAuMDAxNjI4MDAyMzg0Njc3NTI5MywwLjAyMzgxOTQ4MTk1Mzk3ODU0LC0wLjAxMzEwMjQ1NjkyNzI5OTUsMC4wMDg5ODYxODM0NDIxNzUzODgsLTAuMDE1MzUwMDg0NzUxODQ0NDA2LC0... |
421 | ead and write AIFF and AIFC files audioop Manipulate raw audio data cgi Common Gateway Interface support cgitb Traceback manager for CGI scripts chunk Read IFF chunked data crypt Function to check Unix passwords imghdr Determine the type of an image mailcap Mailcap file handling msilib Read and write Microsoft Installe... | en | "Wy0wLjAxNjkyMTgwNTIxNzg2MjEzLC0wLjA2NDU5MjE0NTM4MzM1OCwtMC4wNTcyNTIzMjUxMTc1ODgwNCwtMC4xMjA2NzQyODk3NjI5NzM3OSwwLjAyOTYyMzExNTQzNTI0MjY1MywtMC4wMDYzNzA0NTk2ODMyMzk0NiwwLjAyMzU5ODI3OTgwMzk5MTMxOCwwLjAxNDY3NTQ2NzI3NTA4MzA2NSwtMC4wNzA3NTI0MjY5ODE5MjU5NiwwLjAwMjc2OTM1OTg1MzExODY1OCwwLjAxMTY0MDU3OTQzOTY5OTY1LC0wLjA0ODIwNzg... |
422 | bisect Array bisection algorithm Source code Lib bisect py This module provides support for maintaining a list in sorted order without having to sort the list after each insertion For long lists of items with expensive comparison operations this can be an improvement over linear searches or frequent resorting The modul... | en | "Wy0wLjAxOTY0MjMwMDkwMzc5NzE1LDAuMDU2MjI2ODQ5NTU1OTY5MjQsLTAuMDI1NDI3OTUyNDA4NzkwNTksLTAuMDYwNzIxNTUwMTM2ODA0NTgsLTAuMDMwNzgyOTMwNTUyOTU5NDQyLC0wLjA5NjU0ODQ4Mjc3NTY4ODE3LDAuMDQ0NzU3MzA2NTc1Nzc1MTQ2LC0wLjAzMjQ2OTkzNTcxNTE5ODUyLC0wLjAwMjg3MDkyNjg2NjMwNzg1NDcsMC4wMDU5NTkxNjk0NzM0OTkwNiwwLjA2MDM1MTI5NzI1OTMzMDc1LDAuMDY5ODU... |
423 | lso Sorted Collections is a high performance module that uses bisect to managed sorted collections of data The SortedCollection recipe uses bisect to build a full featured collection class with straight forward search methods and support for a key function The keys are precomputed to save unnecessary calls to the key f... | en | "Wy0wLjAyMDUwMzk1NjgyNDU0MTA5MiwwLjAyMDY0NDkzODU3MzI0MTIzNCwtMC4wMDUyNTcxMzMzOTQ0Nzk3NTIsLTAuMDY2MzAzMjAxMDE5NzYzOTUsMC4wMDk4OTYzMzA1MzU0MTE4MzUsLTAuMDUwOTcyMTA3Nzk3ODYxMSwtMC4wMzk0MzcxNDQ5OTQ3MzU3MiwwLjAzMTAxNzgzMjQ1ODAxOTI1NywtMC4wMDY2NzA2Mjk2MDU2NTA5MDIsMC4wMjkxNzIzNTcxNzE3NzM5MSwwLjA1MTE0NTkyNjExNzg5NzAzNCwwLjAzOTI... |
424 | Extending The main direction for asyncio extending is writing custom event loop classes Asyncio has helpers that could be used to simplify this task Note Third parties should reuse existing asyncio code with caution a new Python version is free to break backward compatibility in internal part of API Writing a Custom Ev... | en | "Wy0wLjA2OTc3NjE5MjMwNzQ3MjIzLC0wLjAzMTI2OTI0MTEyNDM5MTU1NiwtMC4wODYwMjY3MTMyNTIwNjc1NywwLjA1NDc0Mzc3MDUwOTk1ODI3LC0wLjA5MDA2NTE2NjM1NDE3OTM4LC0wLjEwOTA1NzMzNzA0NTY2OTU2LC0wLjA1MDcxNjQ1OTc1MTEyOTE1LC0wLjAxNDcyNjExMTY2NTM2ODA4LC0wLjA0MTUzMzg2NTAzNDU4MDIzLC0wLjA3MjUyNjA0NTE0MzYwNDI4LDAuMDQ3MDc2NzMxOTIwMjQyMzEsLTAuMDEzMDk... |
425 | Debugging and Profiling These libraries help you with Python development the debugger enables you to step through code analyze stack frames and set breakpoints etc and the profilers run code and give you a detailed breakdown of execution times allowing you to identify bottlenecks in your programs Auditing events provid... | en | "Wy0wLjAzNjcwOTMwODYyNDI2NzU4LC0wLjA1NDk3ODE0MzQyMzc5NTcsLTAuMDkyNjEwMTY1NDc2Nzk5MDEsMC4wMjYyNDU2NTczNTQ1OTMyNzcsMC4wNDI1NTYzNDE3Mzc1MDg3NzQsLTAuMDkwNzE5Mjk3NTI4MjY2OSwwLjAwNjc1MTYxMTM2MzE0MjcyOSwwLjEwMTg3Nzg3NTYyNjA4NzE5LC0wLjA5NzEzNTEzNDA0MTMwOTM2LC0wLjAxNDI0OTk2NjQ3OTgzNzg5NCwtMC4wMjA3MDI5NzExNDU1MTA2NzQsLTAuMDMwMzU... |
426 | string Common string operations Source code Lib string py See also Text Sequence Type str String Methods String constants The constants defined in this module are string ascii_letters The concatenation of the ascii_lowercase and ascii_uppercase constants described below This value is not locale dependent string ascii_l... | en | "Wy0wLjAxOTEyMzc2NjU3MTI4MzM0LDAuMDAyMDQ5NDAwMjM4MzIwMjMxNCwtMC4wMzIzNTU2MjE0NTcwOTk5MTUsMC4wMDgzNjQ3NzE0OTI3NzkyNTUsLTAuMDk3NjYxOTg2OTQ3MDU5NjMsMC4wMDYxMTc3OTA5Mzc0MjM3MDYsMC4wMzI3MjU2OTkyNDU5Mjk3MiwwLjA1MDUxNDk1ODc5ODg4NTM0NSwtMC4wNjIzNjg2ODM1MTY5NzkyMiwtMC4wODM0NDQ1MzU3MzIyNjkyOSwwLjA0NTc0NTg0MjE1ODc5NDQsMC4wMDI0NDg... |
427 | at does not exist then an IndexError or KeyError should be raised check_unused_args used_args args kwargs Implement checking for unused arguments if desired The arguments to this function is the set of all argument keys that were actually referred to in the format string integers for positional arguments and strings fo... | en | "Wy0wLjAwMjExMTQwNTgzMjY5Mjk4MDgsMC4wNTczNjcyMjc5NzE1NTM4LC0wLjAzMjI1MjAxMzY4MzMxOTA5LDAuMDI3MzQ4NTc0MjUwOTM2NTA4LC0wLjAyMzMxMTkyMDQ2NDAzODg1LC0wLjAwNTYzMTM5NTYxNTYzNzMwMiwwLjAyNzQ2MzM2OTA3MTQ4MzYxMiwwLjA0Nzg3OTc3MDM5ODEzOTk1NCwwLjAyNjIwNTY1ODkxMjY1ODY5LC0wLjA0NDA0NzkzMzA3MTg1MTczLC0wLjA0NTM5MTg4MzcwMTA4NjA0NCwtMC4wMzQ... |
428 | ed Three conversion flags are currently supported s which calls str on the value r which calls repr and a which calls ascii Some examples Harold s a clever 0 s Calls str on the argument first Bring out the holy name r Calls repr on the argument first More a Calls ascii on the argument first The format_spec field contai... | en | "WzAuMDI3NDU1MDExMzgyNjk5MDEzLDAuMDcwMTIyMjk0MTI3OTQxMTMsLTAuMDg0MTIyMDk4OTgyMzM0MTQsLTAuMDAxODU0NTk5OTE5MTcwMTQxMiwtMC4wMTY0MDUwMzEwODUwMTQzNDMsMC4wMDcwNzUyNjU1MTU1OTU2NzQ1LC0wLjAzNjIwNTc3MjMxMDQ5NTM4LDAuMDYzMzg1OTQ4NTM4NzgwMjEsMC4wMjQ4MzQxMTEzMzI4OTMzNywtMC4wMTM1ODgwMjcwOTcyODQ3OTQsLTAuMDU4NjczMzg1NTMwNzEwMjIsLTAuMDY... |
429 | b 0o 0x or 0X to the output value For float and complex the alternate form causes the result of the conversion to always contain a decimal point character even if no digits follow it Normally a decimal point character appears in the result of these conversions only if a digit follows it In addition for g and G conversi... | en | "Wy0wLjAxOTM0Mjc4MDExMzIyMDIxNSwwLjA4OTMyNDY2MDU5OTIzMTcyLC0wLjAzOTY2OTgzNzgwMjY0ODU0NCwtMC4wMDg0Njk4ODgwMDkxMzA5NTUsLTAuMDE3NDIxMjgwOTY1MjA5MDA3LDAuMDAzMTIxNzk1MTMyNzU2MjMzLDAuMDI1Nzk1MTA3NzA3MzgxMjUsMC4wNjE0NjEzNDQzNjEzMDUyNCwtMC4wMDA2NjQ5NTE0NTQzODIzODk4LC0wLjAzNTIzMDkxMjI2ODE2MTc3NCwwLjAwNzMzNjI1MTQzNzY2NDAzMiwtMC4... |
430 | and inf to INF g General format For a given precision p 1 this rounds the number to p significant digits and then formats the result in either fixed point format or in scientific notation depending on its magnitude A precision of 0 is treated as equivalent to a precision of 1 The precise rules are as follows suppose th... | en | "Wy0wLjAxMjIwNjg1NjE2MTM1NTk3MiwwLjAwNzc3NjEzMDkyMjEzODY5MSwtMC4wNTk0Mjc3OTc3OTQzNDIwNCwtMC4wMjEwMTk4NDA2MTMwMDc1NDUsMC4wMzQzODMxNzAzMDY2ODI1OSwwLjAwNjUwMjM3MzE0NDAzMDU3MSwwLjA0NDU1MjA1MDUzMDkxMDQ5LDAuMDc3NjQ5NDc0MTQzOTgxOTMsMC4wNjY5NTE0NzYwMzc1MDIyOSwwLjA2MTY2Njg3OTgwMjk0MjI3NiwwLjAzNTAwNDE2ODc0ODg1NTU5LC0wLjAzMjg5NDQ... |
431 | 52 bin 101010 with 0x 0o or 0b as prefix int 0 d hex 0 x oct 0 o bin 0 b format 42 int 42 hex 0x2a oct 0o52 bin 0b101010 Using the comma as a thousands separator format 1234567890 1 234 567 890 Expressing a percentage points 19 total 22 Correct answers 2 format points total Correct answers 86 36 Using type specific for... | en | "WzAuMDE1NzIwNjg5NjY5MjUxNDQyLDAuMTEzNTAxMzc3NDAzNzM2MTEsLTAuMDUwMDIyMjMzMjc3NTU5MjgsLTAuMDAwNzU5MzQyOTc2MzgwMTM5NiwtMC4wMjU2NjQ2NjY2Njc1ODA2MDUsMC4wMzEyNTg2NTM4NDkzNjMzMywtMC4wMTMyNjExNzEwNTc4MjAzMiwwLjA3MjcyMjU0Njc1NjI2NzU1LC0wLjExOTg1ODQ5NTg5MTA5NDIxLDAuMDQwMTgzOTUwMjE1NTc4MDgsLTAuMDE4ODcxNzA5NzA0Mzk5MTEsLTAuMDQ5NTY... |
432 | d tim likes what Advanced usage you can derive subclasses of Template to customize the placeholder syntax delimiter character or the entire regular expression used to parse template strings To do this you can override these class attributes delimiter This is the literal string describing a placeholder introducing deli... | en | "Wy0wLjA2Mzk3MTY2ODQ4MTgyNjc4LDAuMTA3MDU1NzAxMzE1NDAyOTgsMC4wMTU0MDM2NDY5NzU3NTU2OTIsLTAuMDQ2MDU2MzAwNDAxNjg3NjIsLTAuMDg3NjQzMDcyMDA5MDg2NjEsMC4wMzc4NDA3NjEyNDQyOTcwMywwLjAzNzUyNjk1NzY5MDcxNTc5LDAuMDU2MTIyNDQwODQ0Nzc0MjQ2LC0wLjAyNzExNTYzMTg0ODU3MzY4NSwtMC4wMTU3ODE0MzIzOTAyMTMwMTMsLTAuMDYzMzM3NDIyOTA3MzUyNDUsLTAuMDMwMzI... |
433 | audioop Manipulate raw audio data Deprecated since version 3 11 will be removed in version 3 13 The audioop module is deprecated see PEP 594 for details The audioop module contains some useful operations on sound fragments It operates on sound fragments consisting of signed integer samples 8 16 24 or 32 bits wide store... | en | "Wy0wLjA1NDEwNDkwNTU3NTUxMzg0LC0wLjAxMzc1NTI4Nzk3NTA3Mjg2LC0wLjAzMTkxNTI3NzI0MjY2MDUyLC0wLjEwNzg5ODcyNzA1OTM2NDMyLC0wLjAwODQ4MjgxODQ5MTc1NjkxNiwtMC4wNDk5Nzc0NzM5MTQ2MjMyNiwwLjAwNDE4OTE2NDM3Nzc0ODk2NiwwLjAwNzI2OTU4MjcxMTE2MDE4MywtMC4wNzExMzUxODU2NTg5MzE3MywtMC4wMDE3MjAzNzMyODU5MzQzMjksMC4wMjAzMzI4ODQwNDM0NTUxMjQsLTAuMDc... |
434 | PCM coded fragment packed 2 4 bit values per byte audioop lin2alaw fragment width Convert samples in the audio fragment to a LAW encoding and return this as a bytes object a LAW is an audio encoding format whereby you get a dynamic range of about 13 bits using only 8 bit samples It is used by the Sun audio hardware amo... | en | "WzAuMDU2NDEyNTgxMzU0Mzc5NjU0LC0wLjA0MDM5NTA1MTI0MDkyMTAyLC0wLjA1NzQ1NjYzODY2NDAwNzE5LC0wLjEwODI3MjA2ODIwMjQ5NTU3LDAuMDYwMTk0NTgxNzQ3MDU1MDU0LC0wLjAyMTU5MTM0ODU3MzU2NTQ4MywtMC4wMDExOTM4OTA2OTczMjI3ODU5LDAuMDAyMjI2MTI3MzExNTg3MzMzNywtMC4wNjIzNzczMTg3Mzk4OTEwNSwtMC4wMjQ5ODk5NzkzNDE2MjYxNjcsLTAuMDQ2MjkyMjcxNDY1MDYzMDk1LC0... |
435 | have never been tried against other ADPCM coders only against themselves It could well be that I misinterpreted the standards in which case they will not be interoperable with the respective standards The find routines might look a bit funny at first sight They are primarily meant to do echo cancellation A reasonably f... | en | "Wy0wLjAxMDczODk5MDI2OTYwMTM0NSwtMC4wNTAyNDIwNzAxMDg2NTIxMTUsLTAuMDg5OTA1NTY3NDY3MjEyNjgsLTAuMDAxNjUwMzQ5NzAyNjg2MDcxNCwtMC4wODc4NzE5MzE0OTMyODIzMiwtMC4wNjIwNjU2Njg0MDQxMDIzMjUsLTAuMDE1ODQyMDQ4NDUxMzA0NDM2LC0wLjA5MjczMDYzMzkxNDQ3MDY3LC0wLjA5ODY3MzI5ODk1NDk2MzY4LDAuMDA0Nzg5ODIzMjAwNTUzNjU2LDAuMDY1NDY3MDQ0NzExMTEyOTgsMC4... |
436 | Type Objects Perhaps one of the most important structures of the Python object system is the structure that defines a new type the PyTypeObject structure Type objects can be handled using any of the PyObject_ or PyType_ functions but do not offer much that s interesting to most Python applications These objects are fun... | en | "Wy0wLjAzMDA2Mjg0MzExNDEzNzY1LDAuMDA3MzEwNTQzMjA5MzE0MzQ2LDAuMDEwMzY3ODk1NDc2NTIwMDYxLDAuMDIwNDE0MTQ5Mzg4NjcwOTIsLTAuMDQ3NTk0ODc4ODIyNTY1MDgsLTAuMTAyNzk2NjgxMjI1Mjk5ODQsMC4wMTIzNzE0ODc5MTU1MTU5LDAuMTA3ODg2ODQzMzgzMzEyMjMsLTAuMDI3MTMyNDAxMjQyODUyMjEsLTAuMDM4NDUzNDg1ODE2NzE3MTUsLTAuMDczODgxNjMzNTc5NzMwOTksMC4wNjIzNjgxNDc... |
437 | ace_power ternaryfunc __ipow__ nb_negative unaryfunc __neg__ nb_positive unaryfunc __pos__ nb_absolute unaryfunc __abs__ nb_bool inquiry __bool__ nb_invert unaryfunc __invert__ nb_lshift binaryfunc __lshift__ __rlshift__ nb_inplace_lshift binaryfunc __ilshift__ nb_rshift binaryfunc __rshift__ __rrshift__ nb_inplace_rsh... | en | "Wy0wLjAyMDgyODQxNjU3MTAyMTA4LC0wLjAxMTE1MDUwMjU5OTc3NTc5MSwtMC4wODU3NzE5MDMzOTU2NTI3NywtMC4wMjM0MTIwNTYyNjcyNjE1MDUsLTAuMDAyNTYyMzIyNjUzODMwMDUxNCwtMC4wNjY5MTgzMjA5NTM4NDU5OCwwLjAxOTYwODIyMTk0ODE0NjgyLDAuMDAxODY5MzAzNTIzNTYyODQ4NiwtMC4wNzE5NDU4NDYwODA3ODAwMywtMC4wMTA5MzE1MjgxNzMzODcwNSwwLjA2MzUzNTY5Nzc1ODE5Nzc4LC0wLjA... |
438 | eference on a static type struct _typeobject tp_base PyObject tp_dict descrgetfunc tp_descr_get descrsetfunc tp_descr_set Py_ssize_t tp_dictoffset initproc tp_init allocfunc tp_alloc newfunc tp_new freefunc tp_free Low level free memory routine inquiry tp_is_gc For PyObject_IS_GC PyObject tp_bases PyObject tp_mro metho... | en | "Wy0wLjAyMzQ1MTAxOTA3ODQ5MzEyLC0wLjAyMDk5MzA5MzAyODY2NDU5LC0wLjAxMzk5MjgyNTUyMzAxODgzNywtMC4wMTI1MjQ0OTU4MzI2MjIwNTEsLTAuMDE1Mzg1NzUwNjgxMTYxODgsLTAuMDg4NTQ2NzYwMzgwMjY4MSwwLjAzMTY0MDMxNzI5MTAyMTM1LDAuMTAyMjU3OTE0ODQxMTc1MDgsLTAuMDY3NzAzNzkwOTYyNjk2MDgsMC4wMzYxMDE4NTE2MTIzMjk0OCwtMC4wMTg4OTI0MjIzMTg0NTg1NTcsMC4wMjQyNjY... |
439 | pe name and the module name explicitly stored in the type dict as the value for key __module__ For statically allocated type objects the tp_name field should contain a dot Everything before the last dot is made accessible as the __module__ attribute and everything after the last dot is made accessible as the __name__ a... | en | "Wy0wLjAzNjk3MjExNjY3ODk1MzE3LDAuMDU0NzczMDUxMjkxNzA0MTgsLTAuMDYyODA3NzMxMzMwMzk0NzQsMC4wNDE0NDQ2MTgyNTQ4OTk5OCwtMC4wNDgwNDk1NzI4NTUyMzQxNDYsLTAuMDcxOTk2NzExMTk0NTE1MjMsMC4wNzAwOTI5NDYyOTA5Njk4NSwwLjA3NTY5NTA5NzQ0NjQ0MTY1LC0wLjA1NzI2NjY4OTgzNjk3ODkxLC0wLjA0NzQ0MzkzMDA1OTY3MTQsMC4wMDc0NjE1NDg3ODI4ODUwNzUsMC4wMTA5OTU3MzU... |
440 | PyObject_GC_NewVar If the type supports garbage collection has the Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC flag bit set the destructor should call PyObject_GC_UnTrack before clearing any member fields static void foo_dealloc foo_object self PyObject_GC_UnTrack self Py_CLEAR self ref Py_TYPE self tp_free PyObject self Finally if the type i... | en | "Wy0wLjA0NDQwMTYxOTU4MzM2ODMsLTAuMDEzOTU3ODU1MjkxNjY0NiwtMC4wMTI2NDUzMjM3NjA4MDc1MTQsMC4wMzQ1Mzk2MjEzMjMzNDcwOSwtMC4wNzAzNzQ1NDg0MzUyMTExOCwtMC4wNzgxOTY5NjUxNTc5ODU2OSwwLjA5Mjc2Mzc0NDI5NDY0MzQsMC4wMTE2OTg4MzczOTIwMzIxNDYsLTAuMDI3Mjg3NTEzMDE3NjU0NDIsLTAuMDE1NzM0OTA5MTAyMzIwNjcsLTAuMDMzNDMwNTA5MjY5MjM3NTIsMC4wMzQ3NDAwMjM... |
441 | ould return a string starting with and ending with from which both the type and the value of the object can be deduced Inheritance This field is inherited by subtypes Default When this field is not set a string of the form s object at p is returned where s is replaced by the type name and p by the object s memory addre... | en | "Wy0wLjA0NDU0MTMxNzk2OTU2MDYyLDAuMDE5MTMyMTcwODI2MTk2NjcsMC4wMzAzOTcyMDY1NDQ4NzYxLC0wLjAwNDcxMDYwODYyNzY0NzE2MTUsLTAuMDg3MzE2MTEwNzMwMTcxMiwwLjAwNTkyNzQzNjA1Mzc1Mjg5OSwwLjAyNjQzMjM0MjgyNzMyMDEsMC4wNTMwNTUwMjU2MzcxNDk4MSwtMC4wMTM2MDQ5OTg1ODg1NjIwMTIsLTAuMDYwMDk2MDg4Nzk2ODU0MDIsLTAuMDU1MjAzODk5NzQxMTcyNzksMC4wMDg1NDc2NzQ... |
442 | unc PyTypeObject tp_setattro An optional pointer to the function for setting and deleting attributes The signature is the same as for PyObject_SetAttr int tp_setattro PyObject self PyObject attr PyObject value In addition setting value to NULL to delete an attribute must be supported It is usually convenient to set thi... | en | "Wy0wLjAwMzkwNDQyNDM3NDkyMzExLDAuMDMyMTg3MzQyNjQzNzM3NzksMC4wMjE0NDg2NjQzNjcxOTg5NDQsLTAuMDAyNzcyNjI2MjM0MjE4NDc4LC0wLjA5NDgyODEzNjI2NTI3Nzg2LC0wLjAyNjE5NTg1OTUzNjUyODU4NywwLjA4MDcxNDI4NTM3MzY4Nzc0LDAuMDE1ODY1OTIzODM2ODI3Mjc4LC0wLjA0MjQ0NDU3MTg1MjY4NDAyLC0wLjA2NjgzOTQzNDIwNjQ4NTc1LC0wLjAxMTk0ODkwOTYxMDUwOTg3MiwtMC4wMzk... |
443 | DEFAULT This is a bitmask of all the bits that pertain to the existence of certain fields in the type object and its extension structures Currently it includes the following bits Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_STACKLESS_EXTENSION Inheritance Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR This bit indicates that objects behave like unbound methods If t... | en | "Wy0wLjA3OTExNjU3NTQxOTkwMjgsMC4wNjAzMDI1MjIwMzM0NTI5OSwtMC4wNDkwMDkyNzg0MTY2MzM2MDYsLTAuMDAwNDIyMTgwMzY4MzMyMTkyMywwLjAwNTQyMjc0MTE3NDY5Nzg3NiwtMC4wOTgxNTA1MjE1MTY3OTk5MywtMC4wMTAyMjQxMjI1NTQwNjM3OTcsMC4wNDM0OTA5MjM5NDExMzU0MDYsLTAuMDQ5MzAzMDA2MzgwNzk2NDMsLTAuMDUwMjk3OTcxODE0ODcwODM0LDAuMDA2NjIyMTYxNzE2MjIyNzYzLC0wLjA... |
444 | PPING This bit indicates that instances of the class may match mapping patterns when used as the subject of a match block It is automatically set when registering or subclassing collections abc Mapping and unset when registering collections abc Sequence Note Py_TPFLAGS_MAPPING and Py_TPFLAGS_SEQUENCE are mutually exclu... | en | "Wy0wLjEzMTY0OTIyNTk1MDI0MTEsMC4wMTAxNDg5MDE0OTIzNTcyNTQsLTAuMDU5MzMyOTM3MDAyMTgyMDEsLTAuMDY3NjAwMTYwODM3MTczNDYsLTAuMDA2NDM0NjE3NTY0MDgyMTQ2LDAuMDEyNTA0NzcwNDIwNDkxNjk1LDAuMDE5OTEzMDY0MzE1OTE1MTA4LDAuMDE2MjQ0MjIxNDc4NzAwNjM4LC0wLjA1NTgwMzIzMTg5NDk2OTk0LC0wLjA0NzYyNzMxODY1MDQ4NDA4NSwwLjAzMDk2ODkwNjM1Nzg4NDQwNywtMC4wMTQ... |
445 | ear This field is inherited by subtypes together with tp_clear and the Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC flag bit the flag bit tp_traverse and tp_clear are all inherited from the base type if they are all zero in the subtype inquiry PyTypeObject tp_clear An optional pointer to a clear function for the garbage collector This is only u... | en | "Wy0wLjAzNjc2NzU3NTg4OTgyNTgyLDAuMDMzNjQ2MjcwNjMyNzQzODM1LDAuMDEyMjg5NjA3ODk3NDAwODU2LC0wLjAyMzE4ODk0MTE4MDcwNjAyNCwtMC4wMTE1MTc3ODA4MzI5NDYzLC0wLjA2Mzg0NTgyODE3NTU0NDc0LDAuMTExNjM2MTE3MTAwNzE1NjQsLTAuMDI1ODgxMjAyODkxNDY5MDAyLC0wLjAyMTgwNDE3NjI3MDk2MTc2LC0wLjA0NjMyNDUzMjQ3OTA0Nzc3NSwtMC4wMzE3NTY5MzAwNTMyMzQxLC0wLjAwMzM... |
446 | w strong reference On error sets an exception and returns NULL from the function New in version 3 7 Inheritance Group tp_hash tp_richcompare This field is inherited by subtypes together with tp_hash a subtype inherits tp_richcompare and tp_hash when the subtype s tp_richcompare and tp_hash are both NULL Default PyBaseO... | en | "Wy0wLjAzNzM3NzUxNzY3MDM5Mjk5LDAuMDA5ODU4MTcxNDU1NTYyMTE1LDAuMDUxODkwOTA5NjcxNzgzNDUsLTAuMDAwNzU4MTY2NDgzMTM3NzU2NiwwLjAyOTgwODUzNjE3MTkxMzE0NywtMC4wMzc5NDI1ODA4Nzg3MzQ1OSwwLjAwMzE3NDU1MDU5ODQ4NzI1OCwwLjExNTIyNDIyNzMwOTIyNjk5LC0wLjExNDA4NTE1Mjc0NTI0Njg5LC0wLjA0Njk1NTM2OTQxMjg5OTAyLC0wLjAzNTgwMzgzOTU2NDMyMzQyNSwtMC4wMDE... |
447 | pported multiple inheritance require dynamically creating a type object by calling the metatype Note Slot initialization is subject to the rules of initializing globals C99 requires the initializers to be address constants Function designators like PyType_GenericNew with implicit conversion to a pointer are valid C99 a... | en | "Wy0wLjA1MTQ0MTExODEyMTE0NzE1NiwtMC4wNjY1Mjk0NzUxNTI0OTI1MiwwLjAwODYwODkzMTY3NTU1MzMyMiwwLjAzMjM1NjM0Nzg4ODcwODExNSwtMC4wNzY3NTcwMjg2OTg5MjEyLC0wLjAyMzEwMzU2ODcwMjkzNjE3MiwwLjAyNzg4MTI1NzIzNjAwMzg3NiwwLjA3NDU0MTY1ODE2MzA3MDY4LC0wLjExODgyMDQ0Mzc0OTQyNzgsLTAuMDQxMDI4NDY5ODAwOTQ5MSwtMC4wMjk1NTg3NTE3MzIxMTA5NzcsLTAuMDEzNjA... |
448 | method of classes Like __init__ it is possible to create an instance without calling __init__ and it is possible to reinitialize an instance by calling its __init__ method again The function signature is int tp_init PyObject self PyObject args PyObject kwds The self argument is the instance to be initialized the args a... | en | "Wy0wLjA5Njg1MTQxNTkzMjE3ODUsLTAuMDA4NzMzMTE0MjI3NjUyNTUsLTAuMDE0MTI2NzAzMTQzMTE5ODEyLC0wLjAwMzc4MTExNDAwNjQxNTAwOTUsLTAuMDY2MzMzMjg2NDY0MjE0MzIsLTAuMDY2NTE2NDgxMzM5OTMxNDksMC4wODU5MTgyNzAwNTE0NzkzNCwwLjA0NTM2ODE0NjE1MTMwNDI0NSwtMC4wNTAxMTQ5NzA2NTQyNDkxOSwtMC4wMDczNDYxNDkwNjgzMjU3NTgsMC4wMjU4MTMyODMzOTg3NDc0NDQsMC4wMDc... |
449 | h between statically and dynamically allocated types Inheritance This field is inherited by subtypes Default This slot has no default If this field is NULL Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC is used as the functional equivalent PyObject PyTypeObject tp_bases Tuple of base types This field should be set to NULL and treated as read only... | en | "Wy0wLjA1OTY3NzAyNzE2NTg4OTc0LC0wLjAzMzMwOTU3ODg5NTU2ODg1LC0wLjAwNjY4NDM3NzMyMzgzNjA4OCwwLjAzNTA0NDkxOTY5OTQzMDQ2NiwtMC4wNzM4OTc3ODY0Mzg0NjUxMiwtMC4wMzk2NDk3ODQ1NjQ5NzE5MjQsMC4wMzI1MDExNDk5MjI2MDkzMywwLjA2ODEzNTQ0MDM0OTU3ODg2LC0wLjEyMDcyMDI1MjM5NDY3NjIxLC0wLjA0MTg5NTcyMTEwNzcyMTMzLC0wLjA0NTI0ODE5NTUyODk4NDA3LDAuMDAxNTc... |
450 | ds it is used to implement vectorcall for type __call__ If tp_vectorcall is NULL the default call implementation using __new__ and __init__ is used Inheritance This field is never inherited New in version 3 9 the field exists since 3 8 but it s only used since 3 9 unsigned char PyTypeObject tp_watched Internal Do not u... | en | "Wy0wLjA5MTA1MDY4NDQ1MjA1Njg4LC0wLjAwODI5NTM2OTMzNDUxODkxLC0wLjA0MDk4MjU0NDQyMjE0OTY2LDAuMDIwMDg5NTMzMTc5OTk4Mzk4LC0wLjA0NDUzMzU0MzI4ODcwNzczLC0wLjAzMDc2MzUyNzM3ODQzOTkwMywwLjAxNTc5NjQ3NTExMjQzODIwMiwwLjA5MTAzNjA0NDA2MTE4MzkzLC0wLjA4MDE5MTY1Njk0NzEzNTkzLC0wLjA1Mzg1OTcwMzI0Mjc3ODc4LC0wLjA2OTA2NTIyODEwNDU5MTM3LC0wLjAwMjE... |
451 | nb_inplace_rshift binaryfunc PyNumberMethods nb_inplace_and binaryfunc PyNumberMethods nb_inplace_xor binaryfunc PyNumberMethods nb_inplace_or binaryfunc PyNumberMethods nb_floor_divide binaryfunc PyNumberMethods nb_true_divide binaryfunc PyNumberMethods nb_inplace_floor_divide binaryfunc PyNumberMethods nb_inplace_tr... | en | "Wy0wLjAwMTY4OTkwOTk1NzM0OTMwMDQsMC4wMDY3NDAxNjQ5NDMwMzk0MTcsLTAuMTAwNzY4MjAxMDUzMTQyNTUsLTAuMDc2NzEwMjM5MDUyNzcyNTIsLTAuMDI5NTE5MDE1OTIzMTQyNDMzLC0wLjAzNjg3MTQ5NjU4Nzk5MTcxNCwtMC4wMDU1MTQyNjAzODE0NjAxOSwwLjAxNTYwODQ2MTU3MzcxOTk3OCwtMC4wNTcxMTI0MjkyOTEwMDk5LC0wLjA1ODUyOTU4OTMyNTE4OTU5LDAuMDEyMzA2NzQyMzcwMTI4NjMyLC0wLjA... |
452 | is structure holds pointers to the functions required by the Buffer protocol The protocol defines how an exporter object can expose its internal data to consumer objects getbufferproc PyBufferProcs bf_getbuffer The signature of this function is int PyObject exporter Py_buffer view int flags Handle a request to exporter... | en | "Wy0wLjAxOTYxNzczMjYxNDI3ODc5MywtMC4wNDczNTc3NTY2NDQ0ODczOCwtMC4wNzY1NTY1MTEyMjMzMTYxOSwtMC4wMDMzMTk5OTAxMjI2OTA3OTcsMC4wMTQ2NjM5NDg2Nzc0ODAyMiwtMC4wMjc1NjM3MDQxNzc3MzcyMzYsMC4wMzAzNjk0MDg0Mjg2Njg5NzYsMC4wNDU5ODYwOTM1ODA3MjI4MSwtMC4wMDE2MzIyMDk2MzQ0MDgzNTQ4LC0wLjAyMjE2NzQzNDkxNTkwMDIzLC0wLjAzODY4ODk1MDI0MDYxMjAzLC0wLjA... |
453 | object s ob_size field should be initialized to nitems and the length of the allocated memory block should be tp_basicsize nitems tp_itemsize rounded up to a multiple of sizeof void otherwise nitems is not used and the length of the block should be tp_basicsize This function should not do any other instance initializat... | en | "WzAuMDAyMDA0Mzc2NjEyNjAzNjY0NCwwLjAyMjg1NjEyNzQ3MDczMTczNSwtMC4wNjE2MTMxMDg5NjI3NzQyOCwtMC4wMjIyMTA4OTc4Nzc4MTIzODYsLTAuMDg0MDYzNjg2NDMwNDU0MjUsLTAuMDU0NDk4Nzg3OTY5MzUwODE1LDAuMDE1MzIyNTc1MzQ1NjM1NDE0LDAuMTA0Mjk2Njc2ODE0NTU2MTIsLTAuMDY2Njg3MTg5MDQyNTY4MiwwLjAzMDgwMjM3MDk4MDM4MTk2NiwwLjA0MTQzNTY0Nzc1NTg2MTI4LC0wLjA0MDA... |
454 | dicts and hashing typedef struct PyObject_HEAD const char data MyObject static PyTypeObject MyObject_Type PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT NULL 0 tp_name mymod MyObject tp_basicsize sizeof MyObject tp_doc PyDoc_STR My objects tp_flags Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT Py_TPFLAGS_MA... | en | "Wy0wLjAwOTI5MTY5MDc3NDI2MTk1MSwtMC4wMTY1MTU1MjY5MjA1NTcwMjIsMC4wMjQ3OTc3MjY0MjI1NDgyOTQsLTAuMDExMDc3MzQyNTU0OTI2ODcyLDAuMDA2MjU4NTM2MTMwMTg5ODk2LC0wLjA5NDg3MTI3NTEyNjkzNDA1LC0wLjAwNzE1NTQ2NTQyNzc4NjExMiwwLjA3NjUyNjAwMTA5NTc3MTc5LC0wLjEwMjgwMjg4MDEwODM1NjQ4LDAuMDUxMjcyNzMxMjc0MzY2MzgsLTAuMDQzMTQ4MjY4MDE0MTkyNTgsMC4wMTM... |
455 | tkinter scrolledtext Scrolled Text Widget Source code Lib tkinter scrolledtext py The tkinter scrolledtext module provides a class of the same name which implements a basic text widget which has a vertical scroll bar configured to do the right thing Using the ScrolledText class is a lot easier than setting up a text wi... | en | "Wy0wLjA0OTUxMTc0MTg0Njc5OTg1LDAuMDcxOTMyMDU1MDU2MDk1MTIsLTAuMDg1MDIwMTMyMzYyODQyNTYsLTAuMDI2MTU2MjQ2NjYyMTM5ODkzLC0wLjAxMTI3NjgyOTA1NjQ0MTc4NCwwLjAzOTQzMzg4NTM2NTcyNDU2NCwwLjAyMjc3MDczMjY0MTIyMDA5MywwLjA4NTIzNjQ4MjMyMjIxNjAzLDAuMDEwODY0OTMyMDkwMDQ0MDIyLC0wLjAzNzY5Mzc5NDgxNjczMjQxLDAuMDE1OTY4MDU0NTMzMDA0NzYsMC4wNTE4Njc... |
456 | email policy Policy Objects New in version 3 3 Source code Lib email policy py The email package s prime focus is the handling of email messages as described by the various email and MIME RFCs However the general format of email messages a block of header fields each consisting of a name followed by a colon followed by... | en | "Wy0wLjA3OTEzOTc5MTQyOTA0MjgyLDAuMDI2MjU1NzM5ODUyNzg2MDY0LDAuMDA4OTg1MTI1NDU5NzMwNjI1LC0wLjAxODg5NDQ5OTE2Nzc5OTk1LDAuMDY1MTU5MzQzMTgzMDQwNjIsLTAuMDMzMDEyMzE5MzU2MjAzMDgsMC4wNjM1MjQ5NzYzNzI3MTg4MSwtMC4wMjE1MDA0MzI4NjM4MzE1MiwwLjAwMjAxNDY3NzI3MzEwOTU1NTIsMC4wMzI1ODk0MDU3NzUwNzAxOSwtMC4wMTQ4MDk3Nzk4MjI4MjYzODUsMC4wMDk5MDI... |
457 | icy to be overridden for that method For example the following code uses the as_bytes method of the msg object from the previous example and writes the message to a file using the native line separators for the platform on which it is running import os with open converted txt wb as f f write msg as_bytes policy msg pol... | en | "Wy0wLjA5NDg4NzU5OTM0OTAyMTkxLDAuMDI4MTM1NDAwMjY1NDU1MjQ2LC0wLjAxMTAwNTM0MDE0NDAzODIsMC4wMzMyNDM0OTk2OTYyNTQ3MywtMC4wMjg4NDY3OTQ3MzkzNjU1NzgsLTAuMDQ2Mzc3ODQxMzgzMjE4NzY1LDAuMDQ4NjQ3MzEwNTg0NzgzNTU0LDAuMDU3ODE5MDgzMzMzMDE1NDQsLTAuMDUxMjUxNzEzMTg2NTAyNDYsMC4wNDg3OTQzOTk5NDY5MjgwMjQsMC4wMjMzNDg1NDU2NTU2MDgxNzcsMC4wMDcyMjk... |
458 | default obj and defect are passed to register_defect register_defect obj defect Register a defect on obj In the email package defect will always be a subclass of Defect The default implementation calls the append method of the defects attribute of obj When the email package calls handle_defect obj will normally have a ... | en | "Wy0wLjA0MTc5Mzg3NTM5NjI1MTY4LDAuMDM3OTQxMTM1NDY2MDk4Nzg1LDAuMDQ3MjQ0NTE4OTk1Mjg1MDM0LDAuMDU4NzY4MDExNjI5NTgxNDUsMC4wMTA3MDQyMTg0MDk5NTU1MDIsLTAuMDQ1MTQxMzEzMjI1MDMwOSwwLjA3MTg5NTE5NzAzMzg4MjE0LDAuMDk1NzMzOTkyNzU1NDEzMDYsMC4wMTM2MTM3NjY5OTA2MDIwMTYsMC4wMjMxNDYyMTc2ODg5MTgxMTQsMC4wMTA0MDYwMTYzNzIxNDQyMjIsLTAuMDczNTM2MzM... |
459 | back into binary data in the returned bytes object class email policy EmailPolicy kw This concrete Policy provides behavior that is intended to be fully compliant with the current email RFCs These include but are not limited to RFC 5322 RFC 2047 and the current MIME RFCs This policy adds new header parsing and folding... | en | "Wy0wLjA3NjQ4NzgxNjg3MDIxMjU1LDAuMDI3NzYyMzgxMzU5OTM0ODA3LDAuMDI4MTU2ODkzMzI3ODMyMjIyLDAuMDA0OTkyMTE1MzExMzI0NTk2LDAuMDM0MTAxMzE0ODQyNzAwOTYsLTAuMDE4NTAxMjA1MzY5ODMwMTMsMC4wNTY2MjY4NDUxNTExODU5OSwtMC4wMTg3OTE4OTcyMjIzOTk3MSwtMC4wMDYxNDkwODAxMTYzMDE3NzUsMC4wMTQzODc0MzI0ODU4MTg4NjMsLTAuMDEzMjUwMTE5OTg0MTQ5OTMzLC0wLjAzNTI... |
460 | using splitlines If the value is not to be refolded the lines are rejoined using the linesep from the policy and returned The exception is lines containing non ascii binary data In that case the value is refolded regardless of the refold_source setting which causes the binary data to be CTE encoded using the unknown 8b... | en | "Wy0wLjE1NjY3OTc5NDE5MjMxNDE1LDAuMDQwMzI0MDI4NTgxMzgwODQ0LDAuMDAwMzQzOTU5NzQ5NDQzNDU2NTMsLTAuMDI0MDEyOTQ5MzE3NjkzNzEsLTAuMDEzMDIwNzc3MTQzNTM3OTk4LC0wLjA3MTU4MDkzODk5NDg4NDQ5LDAuMDI0Nzk5MDUwNzYzMjQ5Mzk3LDAuMDYxODQ0MTY2MzY4MjQ2MDgsLTAuMDIyMjA2NDkyNzIyMDM0NDU0LDAuMDQzODcyMDE3NDEzMzc3NzYsLTAuMDYxMjUyOTQ0MTcxNDI4NjgsLTAuMDM... |
461 | which preserves existing line breaks in the value and wraps each resulting line to the max_line_length Non ASCII binary data are CTE encoded using the unknown 8bit charset fold_binary name value Headers are folded using the Header folding algorithm which preserves existing line breaks in the value and wraps each result... | en | "Wy0wLjEyNjU5NTMzMzIxODU3NDUyLDAuMDY1MzkyNTgzNjA4NjI3MzIsMC4wMDk0ODIyOTgwNDYzNTA0NzksLTAuMDQwMTI0Mzc1MzczMTI1MDc2LDAuMDE2MjExNjk5Njk0Mzk1MDY1LC0wLjA3OTI2Mzc2MTYzOTU5NTAzLC0wLjAyNDgzOTQ0OTY3Mzg5MTA2OCwwLjA4NTI4NTI4MzYyNTEyNTg5LC0wLjAwNjI3OTY3NzYxODI5NDk1NCwtMC4wMDQxNzkzMTc1MDQxNjc1NTcsLTAuMDM5ODI4MTMyODM4MDEwNzksMC4wMDg... |
462 | asyncio Asynchronous I O Hello World import asyncio async def main print Hello await asyncio sleep 1 print World asyncio run main asyncio is a library to write concurrent code using the async await syntax asyncio is used as a foundation for multiple Python asynchronous frameworks that provide high performance network a... | en | "Wy0wLjA4MzY3NDY1NDM2NDU4NTg4LC0wLjAxNDk4NDE2NTMxODMxMDI2LC0wLjExMjU2Mjc2MDcxMDcxNjI1LDAuMTExNTYwOTEwOTQwMTcwMjksLTAuMDY4Mzk5MDc5MTQ0MDAxMDEsLTAuMTM0OTA1MDU1MTY1MjkwODMsLTAuMDU2MDc2MzU1Mjc4NDkxOTc0LC0wLjAyOTA3NTQ5MjE3MzQzMzMwNCwtMC4wMzU4NzE4MDc0ODU4MTg4NiwtMC4wNzg3OTY3NzQxNDg5NDEwNCwwLjAwMDk0OTYzMzQyNDE3MDMxNTMsLTAuMDI... |
463 | Programming FAQ General Questions Is there a source code level debugger with breakpoints single stepping etc Yes Several debuggers for Python are described below and the built in function breakpoint allows you to drop into any of them The pdb module is a simple but adequate console mode debugger for Python It is part o... | en | "Wy0wLjExNDAwMTExMDE5NjExMzU5LC0wLjAzNDQ1NzM5NjcxNTg3OTQ0LC0wLjAzMjc2NzQzNzM5ODQzMzY4NSwwLjAxOTM2MDE5NTg0NTM2NTUyNCwwLjA0OTMzMzQ4NjcwNjAxODQ1LC0wLjA2NTY4MzYxMDczNzMyMzc2LDAuMDAzNTY2MDEzMTgzNDQ0NzM4NCwwLjA4NjU3ODU1NTQwNTEzOTkyLC0wLjA1ODQxNDg2OTAxMDQ0ODQ1NiwwLjAxMTA5NTQxMzAwNjg0MjEzNiwtMC4wNDkxMjYyODIzMzQzMjc3LC0wLjA0MTY... |
464 | r 10 This explicit declaration is required in order to remind you that unlike the superficially analogous situation with class and instance variables you are actually modifying the value of the variable in the outer scope print x 11 You can do a similar thing in a nested scope using the nonlocal keyword def foo x 10 de... | en | "Wy0wLjAyOTg4OTc0MTkxMjQ4NDE3LC0wLjAyMjQ4Mzg3NzgzNzY1NzkzLC0wLjAwMTYzNzM0NzM5MTgwNjU0MjksMC4wMDk0MTkyNTc3NTI1OTczMzIsMC4wMjcxNTE5NDAzOTA0Njc2NDQsLTAuMDMyNDI1OTg0NzQwMjU3MjYsMC4wNDQ3MTE3MzEzNzQyNjM3NiwtMC4wMDY4ODg5MDY5MzcwOTI1NDMsLTAuMDUyMTMzOTAyOTA3MzcxNTIsLTAuMDQ5NjA1NzI3MTk1NzM5NzQ2LDAuMDMyMDI1ODEwMzMxMTA2MTg2LDAuMDU... |
465 | ports Gordon McMillan says Circular imports are fine where both modules use the import module form of import They fail when the 2nd module wants to grab a name out of the first from module import name and the import is at the top level That s because names in the 1st are not yet available because the first module is bu... | en | "Wy0wLjA3MDIzMjYzNzIyNjU4MTU3LC0wLjA4MDU0MzE2MDQzODUzNzYsLTAuMTAzODMyNzA2ODA5MDQzODgsLTAuMDUxNTQxMTA0OTEyNzU3ODc0LDAuMDQ0NDYwMzU2MjM1NTA0MTUsLTAuMDU2ODc2OTgzNDkzNTY2NTEsLTAuMDM0NDAzMDU5NjMxNTg2MDc1LDAuMDMzMzk0MTcyNzg3NjY2MzIsLTAuMDUyNDY0OTEzNTc2ODQxMzU0LC0wLjA2OTA5OTg2NTg1Mzc4NjQ3LDAuMDgyMzAwNTQzNzg1MDk1MjEsMC4wMjkwNjk... |
466 | ion whereas arguments are the values actually passed to a function when calling it Parameters define what kind of arguments a function can accept For example given the function definition def func foo bar None kwargs pass foo bar and kwargs are parameters of func However when calling func for example func 42 bar 314 ex... | en | "Wy0wLjAzMTUyNzM4NTExNTYyMzQ3NCwwLjAwMzMwNTY2MTI1OTIxOTA1MDQsMC4wMDg4MTMwNTQzMDA4NDQ2NywwLjAxOTg2NDY4NTgzMzQ1NDEzMiwtMC4wMjg3NDgwOTUwMzU1NTI5OCwtMC4wNDI1MTkwODg4MzQ1MjQxNTUsMC4xNDQxMzExMzg5MjA3ODQsMC4wMjkzNDcyMzM0NzQyNTQ2MDgsMC4wNDI5OTY0NzM2MTA0MDExNTQsLTAuMDA5NTU0OTQ2Nzk1MTA1OTM0LDAuMDMzNjY0Njc3MjkyMTA4NTM2LDAuMDI1NDg... |
467 | key value in args items setattr self key value def func4 args args a new value args is a mutable Namespace args b args b 1 change object in place args Namespace a old value b 99 func4 args vars args a new value b 100 There s almost never a good reason to get this complicated Your best choice is to return a tuple contai... | en | "Wy0wLjA1NTk5MzAzMTcxMDM4NjI3NiwwLjAxMjM0OTU3NjY4OTMwMjkyMSwtMC4wNDY3Mzk1NjcwNzExOTk0MiwtMC4wMjE0MTMwMDQwMjU4MTY5MTcsLTAuMTE1OTYyODQ4MDY3MjgzNjMsLTAuMDgzOTY1MzA4OTY0MjUyNDcsMC4wNTMyODI4MzQ1ODk0ODEzNTQsMC4wMDQ0NzY0NzI3MzU0MDQ5NjgsMC4wMDE0NTAxMjgyNzEyNDQ0NjYzLDAuMDI0MDQyODgzODg3ODg3LC0wLjAwMTc5MzYxODMxMzk2ODE4MTYsMC4wNDU... |
468 | r to use the if else form Is it possible to write obfuscated one liners in Python Yes Usually this is done by nesting lambda within lambda See the following three examples slightly adapted from Ulf Bartelt from functools import reduce Primes 1000 print list filter None map lambda y y reduce lambda x y x y 0 map lambda ... | en | "Wy0wLjAwMTc1MDQ4ODUzMjcwNzA5NTEsMC4wMDM3MDIyOTM2MTU3ODgyMjE0LC0wLjA4NzcxMzEwNzQ2NjY5NzY5LC0wLjAyODc4MTg5MDg2OTE0MDYyNSwtMC4wMDQ1NTEwNDE4NzEzMDkyOCwtMC4wMTcyNjY4MDQzNTI0MDI2ODcsMC4wNzUyNjY3NDEyMTYxODI3MSwtMC4wMTcxMDMwMDMzMzc5NzkzMTcsLTAuMTIxMjA5NzkyNzkyNzk3MDksMC4wMTQxMzY3NDkzMTk3MzIxOSwtMC4wMTI4ODk5NjA3ODA3Mzk3ODQsMC4... |
469 | curity risk someone could pass you a Python expression that might have unwanted side effects For example someone could pass __import__ os system rm rf HOME which would erase your home directory eval also has the effect of interpreting numbers as Python expressions so that e g eval 09 gives a syntax error because Python... | en | "Wy0wLjAwMzY2NDMwMTk0MTE3MTI4ODUsMC4wNzQ3ODY2NzA1MDYwMDA1MiwtMC4wODgyMzczMjI4NjY5MTY2NiwtMC4wMDk0MTM4Mzc0NTUyMTMwNywtMC4wNDcyNzczODM1MDYyOTgwNjUsLTAuMDQ1Mzc5MjQ3NTE2MzkzNjYsMC4wMjM0NDY3ODE1NjA3Nzg2MTgsMC4wNTc1MjQzMDExMTE2OTgxNSwtMC4wNTI4OTgxNDk5MzczOTEyOCwtMC4wMjczMjY1MDE5MDU5MTgxMiwwLjAxOTM4MjMyNDA2OTczODM4OCwtMC4wMzY... |
470 | the value of the raw string r backslash preserved backslash preserved Also see the specification in the language reference Performance My program is too slow How do I speed it up That s a tough one in general First here are a list of things to remember before diving further Performance characteristics vary across Pytho... | en | "Wy0wLjA2NjUzNzI2ODQ1OTc5NjksMC4wMzI0NzcwNDcyOTQzNzgyOCwtMC4wNjMyNDY2MDc3ODA0NTY1NCwwLjA0NDYwODU5Mjk4NzA2MDU1LC0wLjAyMzExMzM0NzU4OTk2OTYzNSwtMC4xMDI2ODAwMjAwMzQzMTMyLC0wLjAzNjQxNjY5MDc5NjYxMzY5LDAuMDIyMjI4Mzk3NDI4OTg5NDEsLTAuMDc4NjE3MzQ5MjY3MDA1OTIsLTAuMDMzOTI3MDY0Mzg4OTkwNCwtMC4wMjgwOTM2MzIzMTA2Mjg4OSwwLjAzODU1Nzc0NTU... |
471 | ative indices 1 is the last index and 2 is the penultimate next to last index and so forth Think of seq n as the same as seq len seq n Using negative indices can be very convenient For example S 1 is all of the string except for its last character which is useful for removing the trailing newline from a string How do I... | en | "Wy0wLjAzNTAxNDQzNTY0ODkxODE1LDAuMDIwMjU1Nzg3Mjk4MDgzMzA1LDAuMDU4NzI1MjE1NDk0NjMyNzIsLTAuMDE2Njc0OTEzNDY1OTc2NzE1LC0wLjAzNDg2MDQ3MzEyNjE3MzAyLC0wLjAzMzA3ODg1Njc2NjIyMzkxLDAuMDgyODMwMTYwODU2MjQ2OTUsLTAuMDI2NjY2NjU5ODYxODAzMDU1LC0wLjAzOTg0MDU2Nzg1NzAyNzA1NCwwLjAyMTkyNTY4MDMzOTMzNjM5NSwwLjA2MjI3Nzc5NzYwOTU2NzY0LDAuMTUxODI... |
472 | ple that point to mutable objects but we ll use a list and as our exemplar If you wrote a_tuple 1 2 a_tuple 0 1 Traceback most recent call last TypeError tuple object does not support item assignment The reason for the exception should be immediately clear 1 is added to the object a_tuple 0 points to 1 producing the re... | en | "Wy0wLjAxOTMzNDQzMTczNzY2MTM2LC0wLjAzOTgzNDM5MTMyNTcxMjIwNCwwLjAxODI5NDk4NjMzNzQyMzMyNSwwLjAzMDg4NDI1ODQ0OTA3NzYwNiwwLjAxMDU2NDI0ODA3NzU3MTM5MiwtMC4wNjcxODk0NDAxMzExODc0NCwwLjA2NzA0MDUxNzkyNjIxNjEzLC0wLjAyNjM0OTMzMDMyMDk1NDMyMywtMC4wMzE4OTg2OTU5NzU1NDIwNywwLjA0ODQxNjk0NjA4MzMwNzI2NiwtMC4wMDEzODI2MzUzMjQyNjIwODI2LC0wLjA... |
473 | used explicitly in method definitions and calls How do I check if an object is an instance of a given class or of a subclass of it Use the built in function isinstance obj cls You can check if an object is an instance of any of a number of classes by providing a tuple instead of a single class e g isinstance obj class1... | en | "Wy0wLjA0ODY5Mzg0MzE4NTkwMTY0LC0wLjAyMjg2NTY4NjU2NTYzNzU5LC0wLjAxMDMyNjE3NDA4NzgyMjQzNywtMC4wMTE2NjQyMjg1MTM4MzY4NiwwLjAxNTk0MDM4ODY2NDYwMzIzMywtMC4xMjU0OTE1NzQ0MDY2MjM4NCwtMC4wMTcwMjAzNTIxODQ3NzI0OSwwLjAyNDY1MDUzMDg4OTYzMDMxOCwtMC4wODYyMDE5MDYyMDQyMjM2MywtMC4wMzQxNjA2NjYxNjc3MzYwNSwtMC4wNTgyMjIzNTM0NTg0MDQ1NCwtMC4wNjA... |
474 | ods Both static data and static methods in the sense of C or Java are supported in Python For static data simply define a class attribute To assign a new value to the attribute you have to explicitly use the class name in the assignment class C count 0 number of times C __init__ called def __init__ self C count C count... | en | "Wy0wLjA2MDMxNDgxMTc2NjE0NzYxNCwtMC4wNDEwMjgwNDg4NDMxNDUzNywtMC4wOTI2MTA5ODUwNDA2NjQ2NywwLjEwMTMyODIwOTA0MjU0OTEzLC0wLjA3NjEwNjU0MDg1ODc0NTU3LC0wLjA3NTQxNjE2MjYxMDA1NDAyLDAuMDUxOTc3ODAyMDY3OTk1MDcsMC4wNTIwNTc3MjQ0NDYwNTgyNywtMC4wMzMwOTI3NDgzNzM3NDY4NywtMC4wNDUxNzk3NjkzOTY3ODE5MiwwLjAyNzI5OTg0NzQ1MzgzMjYyNiwwLjAwMTg4MjE... |
475 | s stderr How do I get a list of all instances of a given class Python does not keep track of all instances of a class or of a built in type You can program the class s constructor to keep track of all instances by keeping a list of weak references to each instance Why does the result of id appear to be not unique The i... | en | "Wy0wLjA3NjEwMzgxMzk0NjI0NzEsMC4wMDc0NzgzNTk2MjEwMTgxNzEsLTAuMDk2NTUzMDM1MDgwNDMyODksMC4wMjcwMDY4ODY4OTk0NzEyODMsMC4wMzQxODEwOTE5MzQ0NDI1MiwtMC4wMjgxNjI4MTg0MDIwNTE5MjYsMC4wODcxMjIyNzY0MjUzNjE2MywtMC4wNzA0NzA4OTE4OTI5MSwwLjA1MDk2ODIyMjMyMDA3OTgsLTAuMDU1ODE3NTEwOTMyNjgzOTQ1LC0wLjAzMDE4MzUwMTU0MTYxNDUzMiwwLjA2MDUxMzk3Njk... |
476 | value cls xlat get value value return super __new__ cls value class TitleStr str Convert str to name suitable for a URL path def __new__ cls s s s lower replace s join c for c in s if c isalnum or c return super __new__ cls s The classes can be used like this FirstOfMonthDate 2012 2 14 FirstOfMonthDate 2012 2 1 NamedI... | en | "Wy0wLjA3MjMwMTQ4NDY0NDQxMywwLjAxMjQ1ODczNTE0NTYyODQ1MiwtMC4wNTE4MjIyMTE1OTMzODk1MSwtMC4wNDM5MDk3NjIwNTQ2ODE3OCwtMC4wNjY3OTkwODE4NjE5NzI4MSwtMC4wNzA1OTA3ODY2MzU4NzU3LDAuMDAwNDk2NDQ1OTIyMTgxMDEwMiwwLjAwNjA4NTcwODI3MTcxMjA2NSwtMC4wMDkyMjkyNDQ2NjQzMTE0MDksLTAuMDI2NTk4MjQzMDQyODI2NjUzLDAuMDIxMDU3MzMwMDcxOTI2MTE3LDAuMDQwODU... |
477 | ommand a pyc will be created for xyz because xyz is imported but no pyc file will be created for foo since foo py isn t being imported If you need to create a pyc file for foo that is to create a pyc file for a module that is not imported you can using the py_compile and compileall modules The py_compile module can man... | en | "Wy0wLjA1OTg3NDI1MTQ4NDg3MDkxLC0wLjA2MDQ1MDcxNDA4MTUyNTgsLTAuMTAwNjY2MzE0MzYzNDc5NjEsMC4wMzcwNDQ4OTM5NTAyMjM5MiwwLjAwNTkyODA5MzEwMTgyOTI5LC0wLjA5NTI5OTEwMjM2NTk3MDYxLDAuMDIwMzI4MzUyMjI3ODA3MDQ1LDAuMDM4MDc2MjEwNzY3MDMwNzE2LC0wLjAzNDc5MjkxMTI2MTMyMDExNCwtMC4wMDM4NDk4MDM0NzAwNzUxMzA1LDAuMDMyOTQ3ODA4NTA0MTA0NjE0LDAuMDAyNjA... |
478 | e of the problem is made clear if you print out the identity of the class objects hex id c __class__ 0x7352a0 hex id cls C 0x4198d0 | en | "Wy0wLjA0MDgyOTMyNjk1NzQ2NDIyLDAuMTIyNzcwNTQwNDE2MjQwNjksLTAuMDc1Mjc3MTY0NTc4NDM3OCwtMC4wMjkwMDgxNjMxMzkyMjQwNTIsLTAuMDE0NzMzNzkxMzUxMzE4MzYsMC4wMjQ4MjE3MjEwMTczNjA2ODcsMC4wOTAzNTI2MzIxMDUzNTA1LDAuMDIzNTAyNTM3OTgwNjc1Njk3LC0wLjA4MTM4ODc4NjQzNTEyNzI2LC0wLjA2MDMzMDYxODE3Mjg4Mzk5LDAuMDc1NjMxOTYxMjI2NDYzMzIsLTAuMDg5MDI1NDg... |
479 | What s New in Python 2 6 Author A M Kuchling amk at amk ca This article explains the new features in Python 2 6 released on October 1 2008 The release schedule is described in PEP 361 The major theme of Python 2 6 is preparing the migration path to Python 3 0 a major redesign of the language Whenever possible Python 2 ... | en | "Wy0wLjA3ODg2MTE0NzE2NTI5ODQ2LC0wLjA0MDEyMTc5NzQ3MjIzODU0LDAuMDIwODExMDQ3NDA1MDA0NSwwLjAwMzczMDA1MDI4ODE0MDc3MzgsMC4wMTg1OTI2MDE2NDIwMTI1OTYsLTAuMDU4NzY0OTc5MjQzMjc4NSwtMC4xMjEwNDE3MDAyNDM5NDk4OSwwLjAwNzI2NTA3Njk3MjU0NDE5MywtMC4wNDUwMTQ0NDg0NjM5MTY3OCwtMC4wMDc0MTkyMzA4ODIwNzg0MDksLTAuMDMwNzkwNDY0OTUyNTg4MDgsMC4wMDc3MTM... |
480 | m SourceForge Four different trackers were examined Jira Launchpad Roundup and Trac The committee eventually settled on Jira and Roundup as the two candidates Jira is a commercial product that offers no cost hosted instances to free software projects Roundup is an open source project that requires volunteers to adminis... | en | "Wy0wLjE0ODA2MDQ1NTkxODMxMjA3LC0wLjA0NTQzODM3MTU5ODcyMDU1LC0wLjA2NjAwMDU4ODIzODIzOTI5LDAuMDIxNjk2MDQ1OTk0NzU4NjA2LDAuMDkyMDIwOTY2MTEyNjEzNjgsLTAuMDY2NzMzNDk0NDAwOTc4MDksMC4wMDA1NjgyMTYwODQ1MDI2Mzc0LDAuMDAxMzQyOTA4NTk1Njg4NjQxLC0wLjA3NTEyNDc5Mjc1NDY1MDEyLDAuMDQwNDk0Nzg4NDM4MDgxNzQsLTAuMDE0NzAxMzQ2ODY2Nzg2NDgsMC4wMDA0NTE... |
481 | s with expression as variable with block The expression is evaluated and it should result in an object that supports the context management protocol that is has __enter__ and __exit__ methods The object s __enter__ is called before with block is executed and therefore can run set up code It also may return a value that... | en | "Wy0wLjA4NTQxODgzNTI4MjMyNTc0LDAuMDYwNzc2MDEzODgwOTY4MDk0LC0wLjA3ODI1ODQwMjY0NTU4NzkyLDAuMDM0NjQwMTc0MzU5MDgzMTc2LC0wLjAxMDEwNDMzNDkxMzE5NDE4LC0wLjAxMjI5NTE4NzQ1MDk0NTM3NywwLjA1NzQzNzcyNTM2NTE2MTg5NiwwLjA2NTc5MDE3NjM5MTYwMTU2LC0wLjA0MjQyNzY5MjU2MjM0MTY5LDAuMDM2MTY4NzUwMzc1NTA5MjYsMC4wMjUxOTgwMjc0OTE1Njk1MiwwLjA0MTA3MjA... |
482 | Database interface def cursor self Returns a cursor object and starts a new transaction def commit self Commits current transaction def rollback self Rolls back current transaction The __enter__ method is pretty easy having only to start a new transaction For this application the resulting cursor object would be a usef... | en | "Wy0wLjA4MDM0NjU0NzA2NzE2NTM3LC0wLjA0NjY5MzUyMjQ4MzExMDQzLC0wLjA3NDQ0MDYxMzM4OTAxNTIsLTAuMDE1OTA4NjYyMjI5Nzc2MzgyLC0wLjExMDE1OTAzMjA0Njc5NDg5LDAuMDA3MTU0MjI4NjMxNDA3MDIyNSwwLjA1NDk0ODE5OTU0MDM3NjY2LDAuMDE1MDgyNzc3NDc3ODAwODQ2LC0wLjA0NzY2ODgyNTgzNDk4OTU1LDAuMDY5NTM4MDY0MzAxMDEzOTUsMC4wODM5MzM4MDc5MDk0ODg2OCwwLjA1MjY4MDI... |
483 | ries The directory varies depending on the platform Unix and Mac OS X local Windows APPDATA Python Within this directory there will be version specific subdirectories such as lib python2 6 site packages on Unix Mac OS and Python26 site packages on Windows If you don t like the default directory it can be overridden by ... | en | "Wy0wLjA1OTM4NTg4MDgyNzkwMzc1LC0wLjA2ODg0NTk1NzUxNzYyMzksLTAuMDUzMjk5MjYzMTE5Njk3NTcsLTAuMDE5MTU1MzQwMjY5MjA3OTU0LC0wLjAwMjg3NjY1ODIyNTQzMjAzODMsLTAuMTA0NzEwMzI1NTk4NzE2NzQsMC4wMDEwNTM2MTI5MTIwNzM3MzE0LDAuMDU1OTA5MDI2NDE0MTU1OTYsMC4wMDE4OTA2NDU1OTUyNjc0MTUsLTAuMDA0NjIxNTIyNTAxMTExMDMxLC0wLjAwNzg3ODQ5ODE3NDI1MDEyNiwwLjA... |
484 | t in dictionary dictionary N fact if __name__ __main__ p Pool 5 mgr Manager d mgr dict Create shared dictionary Run tasks using the pool for N in range 1 1000 10 p apply_async factorial N d Mark pool as closed no more tasks can be added p close Wait for tasks to exit p join Output results for k v in sorted d items prin... | en | "Wy0wLjAxODU0MjMzNDQzNzM3MDMsMC4wMDgwMzUzODAzOTMyNjY2NzgsLTAuMDY3MTUzNjk5Njk2MDY0LC0wLjA0NDQ1OTc4MjU0MDc5ODE5LC0wLjA1MDEwNjM2ODk1ODk1MDA0LC0wLjA1NzIyNDUxNTgyNTUxMDAyNSwwLjA0MzIwMjYxOTk5OTY0NzE0LDAuMDI0NjEyODg4NjkzODA5NTEsLTAuMDUwMTg1MjE0NzI4MTE2OTksMC4wNzk5MTY0Mzk5NTA0NjYxNiwtMC4wMDQ0MDMzNjcxNzI5MjY2NjQsMC4wMjM4NTk1Njc... |
485 | in fixed f format followed by a percent sign Classes and types can define a __format__ method to control how they re formatted It receives a single argument the format specifier def __format__ self format_spec if isinstance format_spec unicode return unicode str self else return str self There s also a format builtin t... | en | "Wy0wLjAxMzMyNjAzMjA4NzIwNjg0LDAuMDM3ODA4MzczNTcwNDQyMiwtMC4wNzUxODk3MDk2NjMzOTExMSwwLjAxNTAyMTIwNTg3OTc0Nzg2OCwtMC4wODE0ODMwMzYyNzk2NzgzNCwtMC4wMzc1MzEyMzgwNDkyNjg3MiwwLjAwMjAzNDQ5ODE0NTgwMzgwOSwwLjA4NTIzMDQ4NDYwNDgzNTUxLC0wLjA0NTU5Njg2NDA3NDQ2ODYxLC0wLjAwMzM0NDI2MTc4NTk2OTEzOCwwLjAwMTA0MjM2NDc0NzI2MzQ5MTIsMC4wMDYxODk... |
486 | ng the names PyBytesObject PyBytes_Check PyBytes_FromStringAndSize and all the other functions and macros used with strings Instances of the bytes type are immutable just as strings are A new bytearray type stores a mutable sequence of bytes bytearray 65 66 67 bytearray b ABC b bytearray u u21ef u3244 utf 8 b bytearray... | en | "Wy0wLjA2MTk4MjYzNTQwODYzOTkxLC0wLjAyNDg0MjA3NDE0MDkwNjMzNCwtMC4wOTg4OTYxMzA5MTk0NTY0OCwtMC4wMjc5MDk3NTk0MzIwNzc0MDgsLTAuMDQ2NDgxNzM5NzI5NjQyODcsLTAuMDQ1MTQ0MjE4OTUxNDYzNywwLjA0OTA4OTAyOTQzMTM0MzA4LDAuMDM5Njk2NTQwNjgzNTA3OTIsLTAuMDI2Mzk1ODE2MzU1OTQzNjgsNi41MTUyMTk4NjU4MzI0NzhlLTYsLTAuMDM0NDczOTQ0NDU1Mzg1MjEsMC4wNzUwOTU... |
487 | mapped files as a string of characters to be searched The primary users of the buffer protocol are numeric processing packages such as NumPy which expose the internal representation of arrays so that callers can write data directly into an array instead of going through a slower API This PEP updates the buffer protocol... | en | "Wy0wLjAwMzE0NjcyODczMzU1NDQ4MjUsLTAuMDExMjU0OTQ0ODM4NTgzNDcsLTAuMTA2MDA2OTU3NTkwNTc5OTksLTAuMDAwNjg5ODM3NjE1OTM2OTk0NiwtMC4wODgwNzY4MzczNjA4NTg5MiwtMC4wMjU1MTI4MzMxNDgyNDEwNDMsMC4wMjA2ODkyNjU4MDI1MDI2MzIsMC4wNjM3NDM1NTQwNTU2OTA3NywwLjAxMzY0NzI4MTU2NDc3MjEyOSwtMC4wMjg5NzAyNzY5MzY4ODg2OTUsLTAuMDIzMjIyMDczOTEyNjIwNTQ0LDA... |
488 | checks as in the above example Python has a strong tradition of duck typing where explicit type checking is never done and code simply calls methods on an object trusting that those methods will be there and raising an exception if they aren t Be judicious in checking for ABCs and only do it where it s absolutely nece... | en | "Wy0wLjAwMDU2MzY5Mjg4MzU4ODM3MzcsMC4wMjkwNzk2NDIxNDY4MjU3OSwwLjAzMTA1NDgzMzkwMzkwODczLDAuMDAyNzY2MDI4Mjc5NDM4NjE1LC0wLjA5MzU1MDA3ODU3MDg0Mjc0LC0wLjAzMDIyNDA5MjMwNDcwNjU3MywwLjAwNjc4MDc3NDc5ODI0NDIzOCwwLjAyOTEzNDc5ODc5NDk4NDgxOCwtMC4wODQzNjAwMTA5MjE5NTUxMSwtMC4wMDc0NzYzMzg2NTEwMzEyNTYsLTAuMDIyNTE1MjcwODU5MDAzMDY3LC0wLjA... |
489 | nal to avoid a name clash with numbers Rational Integral numbers derive from Rational and can be shifted left and right with and combined using bitwise operations such as and and can be used as array indexes and slice boundaries In Python 3 0 the PEP slightly redefines the existing builtins round math floor math ceil a... | en | "Wy0wLjA5MzkxMzU0NzY5NDY4MzA3LC0wLjAwOTIwODAxMTQ0MDkzMjc1LC0wLjA1NDYxNTQ5Mzg2MzgyMTAzLC0wLjAxNTYxNDQ2MjA4NTA2ODIyNiwtMC4wMDU1NjY1OTU1ODc4Nzk0MTksLTAuMTE5NDIyMjU2OTQ2NTYzNzIsLTAuMDA3NDY1NDkwNjA1NjgyMTM1LDAuMDIyNzg2ODI0MDMyNjY0MywwLjAyOTQzNDE1MTk0NzQ5ODMyLC0wLjA0NDQ3MTgwNDA1MjU5MTMyNCwtMC4wNzEzNzk5NzQ0ODQ0NDM2NiwtMC4wMzU... |
490 | ter or deleter function to an existing property You would use them like this class C object property def x self return self _x x setter def x self value self _x value x deleter def x self del self _x class D C C x getter def x self return self _x 2 x setter def x self value self _x value 2 Several methods of the built ... | en | "Wy0wLjAyMTcxNDYyNzc0Mjc2NzMzNCwwLjA0NTI1NzgzMjg1NDk4NjE5LC0wLjA4ODk4NDEwOTQ2MTMwNzUzLC0wLjA1NjIzOTg1ODI2OTY5MTQ3LC0wLjA4NDA3MTUwMjA4OTUwMDQzLC0wLjA0NjgwNjQzOTc1NzM0NzExLDAuMDg4MTAyNTM0NDEzMzM3NzEsMC4wMDgxMDY4NjY4NTE0NDkwMTMsLTAuMDAxMTUzODQzMTI4MTIyMzg5MywwLjAxNjQ0MjU4NzU5OTE1ODI4NywwLjAyOTg5MTY2MDQzNjk4Nzg3NywtMC4xMDk... |
491 | eturns free variables Free variables in this case are variables referenced in the class statement that aren t attributes of the class Optimizations The warnings module has been rewritten in C This makes it possible to invoke warnings from the parser and may also make the interpreter s startup faster Contributed by Neal... | en | "Wy0wLjA1NDE0MjM1OTY0NDE3NDU3NiwwLjA0ODg4MjMyNDI0ODU1MjMyLDAuMDAwMzY2NzU4Nzg4MDA0NTE3NTYsMC4wNDcwMTU1MjE2NzUzNDgyOCwwLjAwMjE3NTg0MTcxMzMyNDE4OSwtMC4wNjk2ODIzODIwNDcxNzYzNiwwLjA0ODU3NTc0MDMwNzU2OTUwNCwwLjAzMzM2NzQ1MTI4MDM1NTQ1MywtMC4wNTQ3NDI4OTg3OTIwMjg0MywwLjAwNDc3MDAzNDQ1ODQ4ODIyNiwtMC4wMTIzOTA0NTYxNjIzOTMwOTMsMC4wMzc... |
492 | ult the Misc NEWS file in the source tree for a more complete list of changes or look through the Subversion logs for all the details The asyncore and asynchat modules are being actively maintained again and a number of patches and bugfixes were applied Maintained by Josiah Carlson see bpo 1736190 for one patch The bsd... | en | "Wy0wLjE1MzUxNjYyMDM5NzU2Nzc1LC0wLjAyNzk1Njg3ODc2NjQxNzUwMywtMC4wOTQ1OTY4NDc4OTE4MDc1NiwwLjA1MDg2NzI0ODMyNjUzOTk5LC0wLjAyODcyODIxMTI5ODU4NDkzOCwtMC4wMDc2NzU5MTA4MzQyMjMwMzIsLTAuMDUwNDk3NTQzMDY2NzQwMDM2LDAuMDIyODkzNzkwMTU1NjQ5MTg1LC0wLjAzMTk0NzU2MDYwODM4Njk5LC0wLjAxOTc0OTQ3NzUwNTY4MzksLTAuMDM0MTQ4NTI5MTcxOTQzNjY1LDAuMDE... |
493 | ing the rest of the line stdscr chgat 0 21 curses A_BOLD The Textbox class in the curses textpad module now supports editing in insert mode as well as overwrite mode Insert mode is enabled by supplying a true value for the insert_mode parameter when creating the Textbox instance The datetime module s strftime methods n... | en | "Wy0wLjAzMjAzMDc4NzMxODk0NDkzLC0wLjAzOTI1NDUzMTI2NDMwNTExNSwtMC4wNjg5MTk3MTA4MTQ5NTI4NSwtMC4wMDEyNDAwMzIyNTkzNzQ4NTcsLTAuMDUwODgyNTg5MDcxOTg5MDYsMC4wMTE5MTgyMTc4NzUwNjM0MiwwLjAxMzg4MDE0ODUzMDAwNjQwOSwwLjA3MjA1MTAwMzU3NTMyNTAxLC0wLjAwNjI0Mjc4NzQ2NTQ1MzE0OCwwLjAwNTQwMzU3ODI4MTQwMjU4OCwwLjAyMzM3MDg4MjQ5NjIzNzc1NSwtMC4wMDY... |
494 | ment N tuples are returned list itertools product 1 2 repeat 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 With two iterables 2N tuples are returned list itertools product 1 2 3 4 repeat 2 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 4 1 3 2 3 1 3 2 4 1 4 1 3 1 4 1 4 1 4 2 3 1 4 2 4 2 3 1 3 2 3 1 4 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 4 2 4 1 3 2 4 1 4 2 4 2 3 2 4 2 4... | en | "Wy0wLjAxMTYxNjUyMDU4MzYyOTYwOCwwLjAyMjA2MzEwMDcxMDUxMTIwOCwtMC4wNTI1MjAxMzM1NTQ5MzU0NTUsLTAuMDU5MTU5MzY4Mjc2NTk2MDcsMC4wMTUzNTgxNTQ2NjE5NTM0NSwwLjAwODExNTY0OTIyMzMyNzYzNywwLjA0MzMyODYyMDQ5MzQxMjAyLDAuMDEzMzg3NTAwMzA4NDU0MDM3LC0wLjA5MTg4Mzc3MTEyMTUwMTkyLC0wLjAzMzkyODM2NDUxNTMwNDU2NSwtMC4wMjExODk5MDM4NDA0MjI2MywwLjA0NjA... |
495 | ms the corresponding attribute lookups inst_name operator attrgetter __class__ __name__ inst_name str inst_name help _Helper Contributed by Georg Brandl after a suggestion by Barry Warsaw The os module now wraps several new system calls fchmod fd mode and fchown fd uid gid change the mode and ownership of an opened fil... | en | "Wy0wLjA3NTgwMDY5NDUyNTI0MTg1LDAuMDExNTk1ODAzMzEyOTU3Mjg3LC0wLjA5NjE0NzE0OTgwMTI1NDI3LDAuMDAyMTU4MDM1MDU4NTI4MTg1LDAuMDcxODUyNDMwNzAxMjU1OCwtMC4wNjUwNTQ1NTgyMTc1MjU0OCwwLjA0ODU1MTcyNzA4NjMwNTYyLDAuMTE2NTQ5OTE2NTY1NDE4MjQsLTAuMDA5NzA1NDE2ODU4MTk2MjU5LDAuMDEyNDk5MzkwMTY5OTc4MTQyLDAuMDYyMjA4MzgwNTUwMTQ2MSwwLjAzNTM0MzMzNzg... |
496 | es are between low and high not including high itself and with mode as the most frequently occurring value in the distribution Contributed by Wladmir van der Laan and Raymond Hettinger bpo 1681432 Long regular expression searches carried out by the re module will check for signals being delivered so time consuming sear... | en | "Wy0wLjEzMTIwOTI5ODk2ODMxNTEyLC0wLjAwNDIxNjU0OTQ1MjM5NDI0NywwLjAyMDE1MjEyMzY0NDk0ODAwNiwtMC4wMDIxODk5NTg5MzM3NDA4NTQzLDAuMDI1NzQzMTYwMzk2ODE0MzQ2LC0wLjAyNDUyNDczOTAxMjEyMjE1NCwwLjAwODYwOTMwMDQ3OTI5Mjg3LDAuMDA2MzM3NTgyMTMzNzEwMzg0LC0wLjAwNzg4OTY4MjQyNzA0ODY4MywtMC4wMjUyNzU3OTg1MTQ0ODUzNiwtMC4wMjI2MzMxMzkwNDQwNDY0MDIsMC4... |
497 | nage a mail queue LMTP implemented by Leif Hedstrom bpo 957003 SMTP starttls now complies with RFC 3207 and forgets any knowledge obtained from the server not obtained from the TLS negotiation itself Patch contributed by Bill Fenner bpo 829951 The socket module now supports TIPC https tipc sourceforge net a high perfor... | en | "Wy0wLjExNDQ4MDE2MDE3Njc1NCwwLjAwNDY4NTY1NzA5ODg4OTM1MSwtMC4wMDg5MzUyNzY0MTg5MjQzMzIsMC4wMjczNzQxOTQ5MzQ5NjQxOCwtMC4wNzMyNDk3MjAwMzY5ODM0OSwtMC4wMjk3NjY5ODgwMDkyMTQ0LDAuMDQzODg5MTcyMzc1MjAyMTgsLTAuMDM0NDE0MzY5NjEyOTMyMjA1LDAuMDY1NTM1NDU1OTQyMTUzOTMsMC4wMTYzOTQ5NjE2MjUzMzc2LC0wLjAwNjQ2NTU1OTM1OTYzOTg4MywwLjAzMTIyMTQ1Njg... |
498 | encoding The TarFile add method now accepts an exclude argument that s a function that can be used to exclude certain filenames from an archive The function must take a filename and return true if the file should be excluded or false if it should be archived The function is applied to both the name initially passed to ... | en | "Wy0wLjA4OTgyNjkxMTY4Nzg1MDk1LDAuMDk3NzU3MzM5NDc3NTM5MDYsLTAuMDg4NTc5OTQ1MjY2MjQ2OCwwLjAzMjA0MDQ4NDI0OTU5MTgzLDAuMDI1MjMyMTM2MjQ5NTQyMjM2LC0wLjA3Nzc1NjczMjcwMjI1NTI1LDAuMDgyNDk3NTIyMjM0OTE2NjksMC4wMzQ3NTc5MDA5ODMwOTUxNywwLjA2Mjk0NTg3MjU0NTI0MjMxLDAuMDU2NzQzODM0MTY3NzE4ODksMC4wNzM3NDMzNzMxNTU1OTM4NywwLjA5MTA3NDE3NjEzMjY... |
499 | t new shapes for the turtle and to define a new coordinate system Turtles now have an undo method that can roll back actions Simple support for reacting to input events such as mouse and keyboard activity making it possible to write simple games A turtle cfg file can be used to customize the starting appearance of the ... | en | "Wy0wLjA2MzM4MjkzMTA1MzYzODQ2LDAuMDcxOTUzMDEzNTM5MzE0MjcsLTAuMDEzMTY2MDU2MDE0NTk3NDE2LC0wLjAwNTY2NTcxNzY0NjQ3OTYwNywtMC4wNjI5NTkzMzU3NDQzODA5NSwtMC4wMDc5ODg1NTA3MDAyNDcyODgsLTAuMDI1NjI1NTA0NTUzMzE4MDI0LDAuMDI0NTgyNjAyMDgzNjgzMDE0LDAuMDE2NTE4MTk2MDkxMDU1ODcsLTAuMDE2MzkwMjk1Njk5MjM4Nzc3LC0wLjA0NDIxNjI2MDMxMzk4NzczLDAuMDA... |
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