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Give me Personal finance advice | Live within your means.
Save and Invest
Avoid credit cards
Avoid any financial product that you don't understand
Do research before making a large purchase
Read financial books and blogs to get educated on personal finance
Home ownership generally is worth more in the long run
Ensure you have sufficient insurance to cover unexpected major catastrophes | creative_writing | |
Name China's greatest events happened when Jiang was in charge | Jiang Zemin (17 August 1926 – 30 November 2022) was a Chinese politician who served as general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1989 to 2002, as chairman of the Central Military Commission from 1989 to 2004, and as president of China from 1993 to 2003. Jiang was paramount leader of China from 1989 to 2002. He was the core leader of the third generation of Chinese leadership, one of four core leaders alongside Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping and Xi Jinping.
Born in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, Jiang joined the CCP while he was in college. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, he received training at the Stalin Automobile Works in Moscow in the 1950s, later returning to Shanghai in 1962 to serve in various institutes, later being sent between 1970-1972 to Romania as part of an expert team to establish machinery manufacturing plants in the country. After 1979, he was appointed as the vice chair of two commissions by vice premier Gu Mu to oversee the newly-established special economic zones (SEZs). He became the vice minister of the newly-established Ministry of Electronics Industry and a member of the CCP Central Committee in 1982.
Jiang was appointed as the mayor of Shanghai in 1985, later being promoted to its Communist Party secretary, as well as a member of the CCP Politburo, in 1987. Jiang came to power unexpectedly as a compromise candidate following the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, when he replaced Zhao Ziyang as CCP general secretary after Zhao was ousted for his support for the student movement. As the involvement of the "Eight Elders" in Chinese politics steadily declined, Jiang consolidated his hold on power to become the "paramount leader" in the country during the 1990s. Urged by Deng Xiaoping's southern tour in 1992, Jiang officially introduced the term "socialist market economy" in his speech during the 14th CCP National Congress held later that year, which accelerated "opening up and reform".
Under Jiang's leadership, China experienced substantial economic growth with the continuation of market reforms. The returning of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom in 1997 and of Macau from Portugal in 1999, and entry into the World Trade Organisation in 2001, were landmark moments of his era. China also witnessed improved relations with the outside world, while the Communist Party maintained its tight control over the state. Jiang faced criticism over human rights abuses, including the crackdown on the Falun Gong movement. His contributions to party doctrine, known as the "Three Represents", were written into the CCP constitution in 2002. Jiang gradually vacated his official leadership titles from 2002 to 2005, being succeeded in these roles by Hu Jintao, although he and his political faction continued to influence affairs until much later. On 30 November 2022, Jiang died from leukemia and multiple organ failure in Shanghai. | The returning of Hong Kong and Macau, and joining WTO | closed_qa |
If you were the last person on Earth, what thoughts would you leave behind in a diary if future life were to find it? | I sit here today writing this diary entry as the last person on Earth. It is a feeling like no other and I can say, never in a million years would I have believed this to be a distinction bestowed upon me. But, here I am... just me and Mother Earth. Idle time is not my friend so I try to stay busy. Today, I am busy reflecting upon my 56 years on Earth and lessons learned. Not just lessons I learned from my personal experience, but what I believe are lessons learned for all mankind. The lessons are clear. And all of the lessons are simple practices that I feel we have drifted away from in our modern day. If I had to summarize all of my learnings into one statement it would read like this... "Live simply, love, find faith/hope in a higher source, move every day, work hard on relationships and building communities (real and face to face), find time to rest and creating space and be thankful." That's it! As I said, the lessons are clear. I would like to think that life on Earth will somehow, someway start again and someone will find this diary. And, if that happens, then maybe, just maybe, another human race can benefit from my feelings on life and "living". | creative_writing | |
What was the "X.Y.Z. fever"? | The XYZ Affair was a political and diplomatic episode in 1797 and 1798, early in the presidency of John Adams, involving a confrontation between the United States and Republican France that led to the Quasi-War. The name derives from the substitution of the letters X, Y, and Z for the names of French diplomats Jean-Conrad Hottinguer (X), Pierre Bellamy (Y), and Lucien Hauteval (Z) in documents released by the Adams administration. | The "X.Y.Z. fevor" is a reference to a diplomatic incident that occurred during the administration of the second President of the United Status, John Adams. Adams sent a diplomatic delegation to France to negotiate a resolution of issues that were threatening to lead to war. The French foreign minister, Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord (Talleyrand) demanded a bribe and a loan to begin the negotiations. President Adams refused Tallyrand's request and reported the solicitation to Congress. The Senate printed President Adam's report which referred to the three French diplomats involved, Jean-Conrad Hottinguer, Pierre Bellamy, and Lucien Hauteval as "X,Y, and Z" respectively.
The populace supported Adams decision to refuse Tallyrand's bribe request. Vice-President Thomas Jefferson referred to the outpouring of support for Adam's political party that followed as "X.Y.Z. fevor". | closed_qa |
What does Pinot Noir mean? | Pinot noir (French: [pino nwaʁ]) is a red-wine grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera. The name may also refer to wines created predominantly from pinot noir grapes. The name is derived from the French words for pine and black. The word pine alludes to the grape variety having tightly clustered, pinecone–shaped bunches of fruit. | The name Pinot Noir is derived from the French words for pine and black. | closed_qa |
Tell me some brief highlights as to why adopting a vegan diet is a better choice. | Vegan diets provide many benefits, including:
- Reducing one's individual contributions to carbon emissions by electing to not eat farmed meat
- Lowering one's risks of cardiovascular disease
- Lowering one's risks of possessing high cholesterol
- Adopting a healthier diet by consuming more fruits, vegetables, and fiber
- Having fewer intolerances to trigger foods, such as dairy
- Appreciation from animals that won't be eaten | creative_writing | |
Give me a bulleted list of Aaron Fenster's accomplishments. | Aaron Fenster is a medical physicist at the University of Western Ontario Robarts Research Institute in London, Ontario, Canada. He was named a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2013 for his contributions to medical imaging and three-dimensional ultrasound-guided interventions. He is also a fellow of the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences and co-program director of the Ontario Institute for Cancer Research Imaging Program. He holds Ph.D. from the University of Toronto and received further training at the Ontario Cancer Institute. | "- Medical physicist at the University of Western Ontario Robarts Research Institute.
- Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
- Fellow of the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences.
- Co-program director of the Ontario Institute for Cancer Research Imaging Program.
- Completed a Ph.D. from the University of Toronto." | closed_qa |
How did the Titanic sink? | RMS Titanic was a British passenger liner, operated by the White Star Line, which sank in the North Atlantic Ocean on 15 April 1912 after striking an iceberg during her maiden voyage from Southampton, England, to New York City, United States. Of the estimated 2,224 passengers and crew aboard, more than 1,500 died, making it the deadliest sinking of a single ship up to that time. It remains the deadliest peacetime sinking of an ocean liner or cruise ship. The disaster drew public attention, provided foundational material for the disaster film genre, and has inspired many artistic works. | The Titanic sunk after striking an iceberg in the North Atlantic ocean. It was and still is the deadliest ship sinking of a passenger liner. | summarization |
Based on this paragraph, how many jobs are created by tourism in Germany? | Germany is the ninth-most visited country in the world as of 2017, with 37.4 million visits. Domestic and international travel and tourism combined directly contribute over €105.3 billion to German GDP. Including indirect and induced impacts, the industry supports 4.2 million jobs. | 4.2 million jobs are created by tourism in Germany. | information_extraction |
Where is Koenigsfeld | Königsfeld is a municipality in the district of Ahrweiler, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. | Koenigsfeld is a municipality in the district of Ahrweiler, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. | closed_qa |
Please give me a list of popular street foods available in South Korea | Bungeoppang This fish-shaped bun filled with sweet red beans is a classic street snack. It is known to have come from Japan in the 1930s. Taiyaki which was famous in Japan became Bungeoppang. In Japanese, "Tai" means sea bream, and "yaki" means roasted. So this is a cheap street snack which imitates the more expensive Japanese food. It was the most common street food in the 1950s and 1960s, after the Japanese colonial period. It has appeared again since the 1990s. Boong o bbang.jpg
Eomuk Fish cake is a mixture of fish meat and wheat flour. The hot sauce flavored with soy sauce can be addictive to many. Eomuk is also a typical Japanese food. It used to be called oden; Japanese oden is boiled tofu, fish cake, konjac, jelly, and boiled egg on a skewer. It was after the time of enlightenment in 1876 that the eomuk tang (fish cake soup) was brought to Korea. It entered Korea at the port of Bu-san and became a widespread Korean street food. As the home of fish cake history, Busan boasts that its fish cake is the best in Korea. Eomuk-kkochi.jpg
Hotteok Hotteok is a traditional street food in South Korea. It is commonly eaten in the winter. Normally, hotteok is made of dough filled with cinnamon-flavored raw sugar. Nowadays, there are varieties of hotteok with nuts like peanuts. or a colored hotteok with green tea powder and corn flour. Hotteok.jpg
Hoppang Hoppang means steamed bun in Korean. A steamed bun is made from flour, usually from the United States, and red beans. Ingredients such as vegetables, meat, sweet pumpkin, curry and pizza are added, and additional variants on the hoppang theme are constantly being developed. It can be found both on the street and at convenience stores. Hoppang (inside).jpg
Tteokbokki Tteokbokki is stir-fried rice cake, a traditional Korean food. There is a history of food similar to tteokbokki in a book called '食療纂要' compiled at the time of Chosun, Sejo in 1460. Before kochujang tteokbokki, there was food similar to tteokbokki in the old court. In the 1800s cookbook "是議全書", there is a record that "I ate white rice cake with beef sirloin, soy sauce, onion, rice cake and so on." It re-emerged in the late 1960s, with a Kochujang (red chili paste) sauce. Tteok-bokki.jpg
Gyeran-ppang Gyeran-ppang (egg bread) is a warm street snack sold throughout South Korea. The fluffy, oblong-shaped loaf of bread is sweet and savory with a whole egg inside the pancake dough.
Gyeranppang by travel oriented.jpg
Dak-kkochi Dak-kkochi, called Korean chicken skewers, is a popular South Korean street food consisting of small pieces of chicken and scallions grilled on a skewer.
Street Food - Chicken skewers - Dakkochi (닭꼬치) (10585858164).jpg
Galbi Galbi is a term which means rib and typically come from pork or chicken. It is a popular dish where the meat is marinated with a mixture of soy sauce, garlic, sugar, and sesame seeds. It is usually placed on a stick since the stick is readily available to dispose and to cook on a grill. Of course, beef galbi can be used to make soup (galbitang) and steamed galbi (galbijjim). But these dishes, while excellent in their own right, are overshadowed by their grilled leader (Kim 2018). Galbi with bamboo leaves.jpg
Sundae Sundae is a type of blood sausage that is mixed with pig intestine and stuffed with cellophane noodles, vegetables, and meat. It's usually served cut up into bite size pieces with lung and liver from the pig on the side as a garnish. Sundae.jpg
Gunbam Gunbam is a street food that is considered one of the most popular snacks in winter. It is a roasted chestnut baked in a brazier, which tastes both savory and sweet. | Bungeoppang, Eomuk, Hotteok, Hoppang, Tteokbokki, Gyeranppang, Dak-kkochi, Galbi, Sundae, Gunbam | summarization |
From the provided paragraph, write a bulleted list of how cheeses can be grouped. | There are many different types of cheese. Cheeses can be grouped or classified according to criteria such as length of fermentation, texture, methods of production, fat content, animal milk, and country or region of origin. The method most commonly and traditionally used is based on moisture content, which is then further narrowed down by fat content and curing or ripening methods. The criteria may either be used singly or in combination, with no single method being universally used. | * Length of fermentation
* Texture
* Methods of production
* Fat content
* Animal milk
* Country or region of origin | information_extraction |
What is Ontology? | "In metaphysics, ontology is the philosophical study of being, as well as related concepts such as existence, becoming, and reality.
Ontology addresses questions like how entities are grouped into categories and which of these entities exist on the most fundamental level. Ontologists often try to determine what the categories or highest kinds are and how they form a system of categories that encompasses the classification of all entities. Commonly proposed categories include substances, properties, relations, states of affairs, and events. These categories are characterized by fundamental ontological concepts, including particularity and universality, abstractness and concreteness, or possibility and necessity. Of special interest is the concept of ontological dependence, which determines whether the entities of a category exist on the most fundamental level. Disagreements within ontology are often about whether entities belonging to a certain category exist and, if so, how they are related to other entities." | In metaphysics, ontology is the philosophical study of being | closed_qa |
How many seasons did Shaq have over 30 ppg | On the team's first full day at the Olympics in Atlanta, the media announced that O'Neal would join the Los Angeles Lakers on a seven-year, $121 million contract. O'Neal insisted he did not choose Los Angeles for the money; discussing the signing he referred to a couple of his product endorsements, saying: "I'm tired of hearing about money, money, money, money, money. I just want to play the game, drink Pepsi, wear Reebok." The Lakers won 56 games during the 1996–97 season. O'Neal averaged 26.2 points and 12.5 rebounds in his first season with Los Angeles; however, he again missed over 30 games due to injury. The Lakers made the playoffs, but were eliminated in the second round by the Utah Jazz in five games. In his first playoff game for the Lakers, O'Neal scored 46 points against the Portland Trail Blazers, the most for the Lakers in a playoff game since Jerry West had 53 in 1969. On December 17, 1996, O'Neal shoved Dennis Rodman of the Chicago Bulls; Rodman's teammates Scottie Pippen and Michael Jordan restrained Rodman and prevented further conflict. The Los Angeles Daily News reported that O'Neal was willing to be suspended for fighting Rodman, and O'Neal said: "It's one thing to talk tough and one thing to be tough."
The following season, O'Neal averaged 28.3 points and 11.4 rebounds. He led the league with a 58.4 field goal percentage, the first of five consecutive seasons in which he did so. The Lakers finished the season 61–21, first in the Pacific Division, and were the second seed in the western conference during the 1998 NBA Playoffs. After defeating the Portland Trail Blazers and Seattle SuperSonics in the first two rounds, the Lakers again fell to the Jazz, this time in a 4–0 sweep. | Shaquille O'Neal had three seasons over 30 points per game, all of which were with the Los Angeles Lakers. He had his first season with the Lakers in 1995-96, when he averaged 30.4 points per game. He had his second season in 1996-97, when he averaged 29.7 points per game. He had his final season with the Lakers in 2000-01, when he averaged 31.2 points per game. | summarization |
What are foundational models? | Foundational Models as the name says can be the foundation for many applications of the AI Model, using self-supervised learning and transfer learning, the model can apply information it learnt about one situation to another. As an example. You learn to drive one car and without too much effort you can drive most of the other cars, even trucks or a bus. | creative_writing | |
Write a description of your favorite place to visit in San Francisco and why you like it so much. | My favorite place in San Francisco is the JFK promenade in Golden Gate Park, which is a dedicated pedestrian walkway in Golden Gate park. The promenade is decorated with street paintings, art exhibits and public sitting places. It also goes near iconic parts of Golden Gate Park such as the DeYoung Museum and the Academy of Sciences. I love that it is always bustling with people enjoying the natural beauty of the park and getting to experience San Francisco like the locals. | creative_writing | |
Who is Rihanna? | Robyn Rihanna Fenty (born February 20, 1988) is a Barbadian singer, actress, and businesswoman. Born in Saint Michael and raised in Bridgetown, Barbados, Rihanna auditioned for American record producer Evan Rogers who invited her to the United States to record demo tapes. After signing with Def Jam in 2005, she soon gained recognition with the release of her first two studio albums, Music of the Sun (2005) and A Girl Like Me (2006), both of which were influenced by Caribbean music and peaked within the top ten of the US Billboard 200 chart. | Rihanna (Robyn Rihanna Fenty) is a singer, actress, and businesswoman from Barbados. After auditioning with American record producer Evan Rogers, she signed to Def Jam in 2005 and gained worldwide recognition with her first two studio albums, "Music of the Sun" and "A Girl Like Me". | closed_qa |
Given a reference text about the Osterville Baptist Church, tell me why its steeple was rebuilt and when it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. | The Osterville Baptist Church is an historic Baptist church building at 824 Main Street in the Osterville village of Barnstable, Massachusetts. The white clapboarded wood-frame structure was built in 1837 for a congregation formed two years earlier. It is one of the older buildings in Osterville, and is a fine example of the Greek Revival with Gothic Revival elements. The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.
Description and history
The Osterville Baptist Church is set prominently in the center of Osterville on the north side of the junction of Main Street and Wianno Avenue. It is rectangular single-story wood-frame structure, with a gable roof, vinyl siding, and a brick foundation. Its exterior features a mix of Greek Revival and Gothic Revival styling, with corner paneled pilasters rising to entablatures running along the sides of the building, and lancet-arched panels above its windows. Its facade is symmetrically arranged, with a pair of entrances, each framed by sidelight windows and pilasters, with an entablature and cornice on top, and sash windows above. A single lancet-arch panel adorns the center of the gable end. The church has a two-stage square tower, with a plain first stage topped by a belfry with lancet-arched louvered openings, and a steeple above.
The church congregation was organized in 1835 as the Second Barnstable Baptist Church, and this church was dedicated in 1838, having been built on land given by Captain George Lovell. Its steeple is a reconstruction of the original, which was lost in a hurricane in 1945. The church interior was remodeled in 1889, at which time a heating system was added. Further additions have been made to the rear of the building, adding classroom, meeting, and office spaces. | The Osterville Baptist Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. The church's original steeple had to be replaced because it was damaged during a hurricane in 1945. | closed_qa |
According to Hofstadter what is the theme of the book Gödel, Escher, Bach? | In response to confusion over the book's theme, Hofstadter emphasized that Gödel, Escher, Bach is not about the relationships of mathematics, art, and music—but rather about how cognition emerges from hidden neurological mechanisms. One point in the book presents an analogy about how individual neurons in the brain coordinate to create a unified sense of a coherent mind by comparing it to the social organization displayed in a colony of ants. | According to Hofstadter, the main theme of Gödel, Escher, Bach is how cognition emerges from hidden neurological mechanisms. | information_extraction |
What is the least common birthday in the United States? | In the United States between 1973 and 1999, September 16 is the most common birthday in the United States and December 25 the least common birthday (other than February 29, because of leap years). In 2011, October 5 and 6 were reported as the most frequently occurring birthdays. | The least common birthday in the United States between 1973 and 1999 was February 29 because of leap years. | closed_qa |
Extract why Jerry Rice is the greatest wide receiver of all time. | Nicknamed "World" because of his superb catching ability, his accomplishments and numerous records, Rice is widely regarded as the greatest wide receiver in NFL history and one of the greatest players of all time. His biography on the official Pro Football Hall of Fame website names him: "the most prolific wide receiver in NFL history with staggering career totals". In 1999, The Sporting News listed Rice second behind Jim Brown on its list of "Football's 100 Greatest Players". In 2010, he was chosen by NFL Network's NFL Films production The Top 100: NFL's Greatest Players as the greatest player in NFL history. | Jerry Rice holds numerous NFL receiving records. His 197 career touchdown receptions are 41 scores more than the second place of 156 touchdown receptions by Randy Moss; his 208 total touchdowns (197 receiving, ten rushing, and one fumble recovery) are 33 scores ahead of Emmitt Smith's second-place total of 175. His 22,895 career receiving yards are 5,403 yards ahead of the second-place Larry Fitzgerald. His 1,256 career points scored make him the highest-scoring non-kicker in NFL history. Many of these records are considered by sports analysts to be unbreakable. During a career spanning two decades, Rice averaged 75.6 receiving yards per game. | information_extraction |
Why is recycling important | The planet has a finite amount of resources and it is important to use these wisely to ensure availability for future generations. Recycling also reduces the amount of waste which will otherwise end up in landfills or be burnt for energy recovery. | creative_writing | |
Given this paragraph, in what part of England does the River Thames flow, and what is its length in kilometres? | The River Thames (/tɛmz/ (listen) TEMZ), known alternatively in parts as the River Isis, is a river that flows through southern England including London. At 215 miles (346 km), it is the longest river entirely in England and the second-longest in the United Kingdom, after the River Severn. The river rises at Thames Head in Gloucestershire and flows into the North Sea near Tilbury, Essex and Gravesend, Kent, via the Thames Estuary. From the west it flows through Oxford (where it is sometimes called the Isis), Reading, Henley-on-Thames and Windsor. The Thames also drains the whole of Greater London. | The River Thames flows through Southern England and it is 346 kilometres long. | closed_qa |
Given a reference text about bull sharks, tell me the gestation period for bull sharks. | Bull sharks mate during late summer and early autumn, often in bays and estuaries. After gestating for 12 months, a bull shark may give birth to 1 to 13 live young.
They are viviparous, born live and free-swimming. The young are about 70 cm (27.6 in) at birth. The bull shark does not rear its young; the young bull sharks are born into flat, protected areas. Coastal lagoons, river mouths, and other low-salinity estuaries are common nursery habitats.
The male bull shark is able to begin reproducing around the age of 15 years while the female cannot begin reproducing until the age of 18 years. The size of a fully matured female bull shark to produce viable eggs for fertilization seems to be 175 cm to 235 cm. The courting routine between bull sharks has not been observed in detail as of yet. The male likely bites the female on the tail until she can turn upside down and the male can copulate at that point. Mature females commonly have scratches from the mating process. | The gestation period for bull sharks is 12 months. | closed_qa |
Given a reference text about Naul, tell me what country it's in and what river passes through it. | Naul (Irish: An Aill, meaning 'The Cliff', also known as "The Naul"), is a village, townland, and civil parish at the northern edge of Fingal and the traditional County Dublin in Ireland. The Delvin River to the north of the village marks the county boundary with County Meath. Naul civil parish is in the historic barony of Balrothery West.
Location and geography
The village sits on the crossroad of the R122 and R108 regional roads, the latter being the traditional route between Dublin and the port of Drogheda, while the R122 travels from Finglas in the south to Balbriggan.: 2
The River Delvin passes through Naul at the north, through a deep valley known as 'The Roche' which is hemmed in by steep banks and rocky cliffs which rise to 20 metres at one point. In the valley, there is a natural waterfall known as 'Waterfall of The Roches'. Further downstream the river has been dammed, forming an artificial pond and cascade with a small private hydroelectric plant.: 2
Naul village and the surrounding townlands which comprise the area of Naul, sit on the Northern border of County Dublin and Fingal. However, the area locally known as Naul also extends north of the county border into county Meath. The area of north county Dublin comprises 2,627 acres and includes 15 townlands: Naul (An Aill), Hazardstown (Baile an Hasardaigh), Reynoldstown (Baile Raghnaill), Coolfores (An Chúil Fhuar), Doolagh (Dúlach), Fortyacres (Daichead Acra), Winnings (Uininn), Hynestown (Baile Héin), Cabin Hill (Cnoc an Chábáin), Flacketstown (Baile Fhlaicéid), Lecklinstown (Baile Leithghlinne) and Westown (An Baile Thiar). | Naul is located in Ireland and the River Delvin passes through it. | closed_qa |
What were all the earlier names for the city presently known as Chennai? | Chennai (/ˈtʃɛnaɪ/ (listen), Tamil: [ˈt͡ɕenːaɪ̯]), formerly known as Madras,[A] is the capital city of Tamil Nadu, the southernmost Indian state. It is the state's primate city both in area and population and is located on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal. According to the 2011 Indian census, Chennai is the sixth-most populous city in India and forms the fourth-most populous urban agglomeration. The Greater Chennai Corporation is the civic body responsible for the city; it is the oldest city corporation of India, established in 1688—the second oldest in the world after London.
Historically, Chennai and surroundings were part of the Chola, Pandya, Pallava and Vijayanagara kingdoms for many centuries. The coastal land, which then contained the fishing village Madrasapattinam, was purchased by the British East India Company from the Nayak ruler Damarla Chennapa Nayaka, in the 17th century. The British garrison established the Madras city and port, and built Fort St. George—the first British fortress in India—which the French won over briefly in 1746, before becoming the winter capital of the Madras Presidency, a colonial province of the British Raj in the Indian subcontinent. After India gained its independence in 1947, Madras continued as the capital city of the Madras State and present-day Tamil Nadu. The city was officially renamed as Chennai in 1996.
The city is coterminous with Chennai district, which together with the adjoining suburbs constitutes the Chennai Metropolitan Area,[note 1] the 36th-largest urban area in the world by population and one of the largest metropolitan economies of India. As the traditional and de facto gateway of South India, Chennai is among the most-visited Indian cities by foreigners. It was ranked the 43rd most-visited city in the world in 2015 and 36th in 2019. The Quality of Living Survey rates it as India's safest city. Chennai attracts 45 percent of health tourists visiting India, and 30 to 40 percent of domestic health tourists. As such, it is termed "India's health capital". Chennai has the fifth-largest urban economy, and had the third-largest expatriate population in India. | Chennai traces its roots back to a fishing village called Madrasapattinam. The British officially named it Madras when they purchased the land in the 17th century. The name of the city was changed to Chennai in 1996. | information_extraction |
Is it better to run or to walk? | Deciding if running or walking depends on the environment you are in and your capabilities as a person. The health benefits primarily of walking and running is raising the heart rate. Consistency is key and it is better to maintain a regular walking habit then to have a sporadic running habit. If somebody is able to maintain a regular running habit they will see the most benefit from a cardiovascular perspective. | creative_writing | |
Make me a menu for a dinner party which will use up potatoes, cherry tomatoes, salmon and heavy cream I have that is about to expire. The menu should have three courses and a dessert, and shouldn't include eggs due to the current egg shortage. Describe the order in which each food would be served. | The first course can be appetizers, for which you can make bruschetta to use up the cherry tomatoes. Next for the second course serve a potato and leek soup, which will use up the potatoes and heavy cream. For the main course you will serve salmon with a dill sauce that is also made with heavy cream. For dessert you can serve a sorbet, which is egg free. This is an egg free meal that will use up all your ingredients . | creative_writing | |
Which musical instrument does Peter Yanowitz play? | Peter Yanowitz (born September 13, 1967, Chicago, Illinois, United States), also known as Pedro Yanowitz, is an American musician, songwriter, and visual artist. Yanowitz was the original drummer of The Wallflowers, and for Natalie Merchant on her first three solo records Tigerlily, Ophelia, and Live in Concert. He also played drums for Money Mark, the Black Sabbath tribute band Hand of Doom with Melissa Auf der Maur, and with Nina Nastasia, on her album Dogs. Other artists Yanowitz has played drums with include: Yoko Ono, Allen Ginsberg, and Wilco . Yanowitz was also the bass player, songwriter, and producer for the band Morningwood. Currently, Yanowitz is the drummer of Exclamation Pony with Ryan Jarman, peter also performed as 'Schlatko', the drummer of The Angry Inch in the Tony award winning Broadway musical Hedwig and the Angry Inch, starring Neil Patrick Harris, Andrew Rannells, Michael C. Hall, John Cameron Mitchell, Darren Criss, and Taye Diggs. | Drums | closed_qa |
Given the reference text about Tottenham Hotspur, what was the name of the stadium that the new stadium replaced? | Tottenham Hotspur Football Club, commonly referred to as Tottenham (/ˈtɒtənəm/) or Spurs, is a professional football club based in Tottenham, London, England. It competes in the Premier League, the top flight of English football. The team has played its home matches in the 62,850-capacity Tottenham Hotspur Stadium since April 2019, replacing their former home of White Hart Lane, which had been demolished to make way for the new stadium on the same site.
Founded in 1882, Tottenham's emblem is a cockerel standing upon a football, with the Latin motto Audere est Facere ("to dare is to do"). The club has traditionally worn white shirts and navy blue shorts as their home kit since the 1898–99 season. Their training ground is on Hotspur Way in Bulls Cross, Enfield. After its inception, Tottenham won the FA Cup for the first time in 1901, the only non-League club to do so since the formation of the Football League in 1888. Tottenham were the first club in the 20th century to achieve the League and FA Cup Double, winning both competitions in the 1960–61 season. After successfully defending the FA Cup in 1962, in 1963 they became the first British club to win a UEFA club competition – the European Cup Winners' Cup. They were also the inaugural winners of the UEFA Cup in 1972, becoming the first British club to win two different major European trophies. They collected at least one major trophy in each of the six decades from the 1950s to 2000s, an achievement only matched by Manchester United. | The name of the stadium that was replaced by the new stadium is White Hart Lane. | closed_qa |
Given this paragraph about Jordan, tell me where it is located and which countries it borders? | Jordan (Arabic: الأردن, tr. Al-ʾUrdunn [al.ʔur.dunː]), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is a country in Western Asia. It is situated at the crossroads of Asia, Africa, and Europe, within the Levant region, on the East Bank of the Jordan River. Jordan is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south and east, Iraq to the northeast, Syria to the north, and the Palestinian West Bank, Israel, and the Dead Sea to the west. It has a 26 km (16 mi) coastline in its southwest on the Gulf of Aqaba's Red Sea, which separates Jordan from Egypt. Amman is Jordan's capital and largest city, as well as its economic, political, and cultural centre. | Jordan is a country in Western Asia and it is border by Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Syria, Palestine, and Israel. | closed_qa |
How many stores did Blockbuster have at its peak? | Blockbuster LLC, formerly known as Blockbuster Video, is an American brand currently owned by Dish Network. It was originally founded by David Cook in 1985 as a home video rental shops, but later grew into video game rentals, DVD-by-mail, streaming, video on demand, and cinema theater. Previously operated by Blockbuster Entertainment, Inc., the company expanded internationally throughout the 1990s. At its peak in 2004, Blockbuster consisted of 9,094 stores and employed approximately 84,300 people: 58,500 in the United States and 25,800 in other countries. | In 2004, Blockbuster consisted of 9,094 stores | information_extraction |
What is the essence of utilitarianism? | Utilitarianism is a consequentialist approach to normative ethics that holds morally right actions are those that promote the most human happiness. Jeremy Bentham, who created his version of the theory in 1829, and John Stuart Mill who made his in 1861 are considered the founders of utilitarianism, though the basic concept predates either of the two philosophers. Utilitarianism remains as one of the more appealing and compelling approaches to normative ethics. | Utilitarianism evaluates any action in terms of the amount of human happiness delivered as the result of the action. | summarization |
Given this paragraph about Outlander, who stars in Outlander? | Outlander is a historical drama television series based on the Outlander novel series by Diana Gabaldon. Developed by Ronald D. Moore, the show premiered on August 9, 2014, on Starz. It stars Caitríona Balfe as Claire Randall, a former Second World War military nurse in Scotland who, in 1945, finds herself transported back in time to 1743. There she encounters, falls in love with and marries a dashing Highland warrior named Jamie Fraser (Sam Heughan), a tacksman of Gabaldon's fictionalized version of Clan Fraser of Lovat. Here, Claire becomes embroiled in the Jacobite rising. | Outlander stars Caitriona Balfe (as Claire Randall). Her co-start is Sam Heughan (as Jamie Fraser). It is a Starz TV Series portraying star crossed lovers who meet across time. Claire travels from 1945, back in time to 1743 and encounters: adventure, mystery, and political intrigue of the Jacobite uprising; all the time growing closer and closer to her true love Jamie Fraser. The 2014 (to present) show is based on the Outlander book series written by Diana Gabaldon, originally published in the 1990's. | closed_qa |
Please write me a short children's bedtime story about a frog, a tree, and the moon. Make the moral of the story about appreciating what you have in life. | Once upon a time, there was a Frog. His name was Mr. Wilson. He lived in a small little twig house, on the side of a great big pond. He loved his little house. He especially loved how close he was to the water, which let him go out swimming, searching for yummy bugs to eat.
One night he was feeling lonely. It was just him in that tiny little house, by the great big pond. He looked up at the moon and wondered who else lived up there. He said, "If only I could climb up to the moon, I would find friends and be happy". Mr. Wilson noticed a grand and towering tree across the river. He thought to himself, "If I can climb that tree, then I can make it up to the moon!"
So he ventured out on a journey to make it up the tree. He rushed through the tall grass, moving quickly so the cats and dogs would not see him. When he made it to the tree he met an old squirrel friend named Ron. Ron was happy to help Mr. Wilson up the tree. So Mr. Wilson jumped on Ron's back and had a bouncy ride to the top.
Mr. Wilson made it to the top, but the tree needed to be taller! He still was so far away from the moon. Mr. Wilson put his head down and started to cry. He said, "Ron, I can't get to the moon... I'll always be lonely!". Ron responded, "Look around Mr. Wilson, can't you see all the friends in the forest. You don't need to go to the moon! There is plenty of fun you can have right here!". Mr. Wilson had a grand view of the whole forest and saw all the friends he could make. He smiled and was happy. He then knew that all along he had what he needed right where he was. Maybe one day he would make it to the moon, but he didn't need to get there now. He didn't need to get there ever. | creative_writing | |
Write me a thank you note for my high-school teacher | Thank you for being a supportive teacher and encouraging me to keep learning. I will always remember your encouragement as I move forward in my studies. | creative_writing | |
Who created Craigslist? | Craigslist (stylized as craigslist) is a privately-held American company operating a classified advertisements website with sections devoted to jobs, housing, for sale, items wanted, services, community service, gigs, résumés, and discussion forums.
Craig Newmark began the service in 1995 as an email distribution list to friends, featuring local events in the San Francisco Bay Area. It became a web-based service in 1996 and expanded into other classified categories. It started expanding to other U.S. and Canadian cities in 2000, and now covers 70 countries. | Craig Newmark created Craigslist in 1995. It started as an email distribution list to friends that featured local events in the San Francisco Bay Area. | information_extraction |
Given a reference text that describes LVMH, what brands are part of LVMH? | Wines and spirits
Ao Yun
Ardbeg
Belvedere
Bodega Numanthia
Cape Mentelle
Chandon
Château d'Esclans
Château Cheval Blanc
Château d'Yquem
Cheval des Andes
Clos des Lambrays
Cloudy Bay
Colgin Cellars
Dom Pérignon
Glenmorangie
Hennessy
Krug
Mercier
Moët & Chandon
Newton Vineyard
Ruinart
Terrazas de los Andes
Veuve Clicquot
Volcan de mi Tierra
Woodinville
Fashion and leather goods
Berluti
Birkenstock
Celine
Christian Dior
Emilio Pucci
Fendi
Givenchy
JW Anderson
Kenzo
Loewe
Loro Piana
Louis Vuitton
Marc Jacobs
Moynat
Off-White
Patou
Phoebe Philo
Rimowa
Stella McCartney
Perfumes and cosmetics
Acqua di Parma
Benefit Cosmetics
BITE Beauty
Cha Ling
Fenty Beauty by Rihanna
Fresh Beauty
Parfums Givenchy
Guerlain
Kenzo Parfums
KVD Vegan Beauty
Maison Francis Kurkdjian
Make Up For Ever
Marc Jacobs Beauty
Officine Universelle Buly
Ole Henriksen
Parfums Christian Dior
Perfumes Loewe
Sephora
Watches and jewelry
Bulgari
Chaumet
Daniel Roth
Fred
Hublot
Gerald Genta
Repossi
TAG Heuer
Tiffany & Co.
Zenith
Selective retailing
DFS
La Grande Epicerie
La Samaritaine
Le Bon Marché
Starboard Cruise Services
Other activities
Belmond
Maisons Cheval Blanc
Connaissance des Arts
Cova
Investir
Jardin d'Acclimatation
Le Parisien
Les Echos
Radio Classique
Royal Van Lent | U.S. LVMH controls around 60 subsidiaries that manage 75 prestigious brands. These include Tiffany & Co., Christian Dior, Fendi, Givenchy, Marc Jacobs, Stella McCartney, Loewe, Loro Piana, Kenzo, Celine, Sephora, Princess Yachts, TAG Heuer, and Bulgari. | closed_qa |
Jot down some points about University of Liverpool from given text | The University of Liverpool (abbreviated UOL) is a public research university based in the city of Liverpool, England. Founded as a college in 1881, it gained its Royal Charter in 1903 with the ability to award degrees, and is also known to be one of the six 'red brick' civic universities, the first to be referred to as The Original Red Brick. It comprises three faculties organised into 35 departments and schools. It is a founding member of the Russell Group, the N8 Group for research collaboration and the university management school is triple crown accredited. | 1. The institution of Liverpool is a public research institution with its main campus in Liverpool, England (abbreviated UOL).
2. The Original Red Brick was the first of the six civic universities known as "red bricks," and it was established in 1881 as a college before receiving its Royal Charter in 1903, enabling it to grant degrees.
3. It has 35 departments and schools divided into three faculties.
4. The university management school has earned the triple crown of accreditation, and it is a founding member of the Russell Group and the N8 Group for research collaboration. | summarization |
Based on the paragraph given, list down some important points regarding Bhopal city | Bhopal (/boʊˈpɑːl/; Hindi: [bʱoːpaːl] ( listen)) is the capital city of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh and the administrative headquarters of both Bhopal district and Bhopal division. It is known as the City of Lakes due to its various natural and artificial lakes. It is also one of the greenest cities in India. It is the 16th largest city in India and 131st in the world. After the formation of Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal was part of the Sehore district. It was bifurcated in 1972 and a new district, Bhopal, was formed. Flourishing around 1707, the city was the capital of the former Bhopal State, a princely state of the British ruled by the Nawabs of Bhopal. Numerous heritage structures from this period include the Taj-ul-Masajid and Taj Mahal palace. In 1984, the city was struck by the Bhopal disaster, one of the worst industrial disasters in history | 1. Bhopal is the capital city of Madhya Pradesh in India, and the administrative headquarters of both Bhopal district and Bhopal division.
2. Bhopal is also known as “The city of lakes” . It is also the 16th largest city in India and 131st in the world.
3. Bhopal was formed as a new district from existing Sehore district in 1972.
4. In 1707 Bhopal was the capital of the former Bhopal State, which British ruled by the Nawabs of Bhopal.
5. Bhopal has Numerous heritage structures from 1700’s include the Taj-ul-Masjid and Taj Mahal palace.
6. One of the worst industrial disasters in history happened in 1984 in Bhopal , also known as Bhopal Disaster. | summarization |
List the actors and actresses who were included in the cast of the movie Avengers: Endgame. | Avengers: Endgame is a 2019 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers. Produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, it is the direct sequel to Avengers: Infinity War (2018) and the 22nd film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). Directed by Anthony and Joe Russo and written by Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely, the film features an ensemble cast including Robert Downey Jr., Chris Evans, Mark Ruffalo, Chris Hemsworth, Scarlett Johansson, Jeremy Renner, Don Cheadle, Paul Rudd, Brie Larson, Karen Gillan, Danai Gurira, Benedict Wong, Jon Favreau, Bradley Cooper, Gwyneth Paltrow, and Josh Brolin. In the film, the surviving members of the Avengers and their allies attempt to reverse Thanos's actions in Infinity War. | Robert Downey Jr., Chris Evans, Mark Ruffalo, Chris Hemsworth, Scarlett Johansson, Jeremy Renner, Don Cheadle, Paul Rudd, Brie Larson, Karen Gillan, Danai Gurira, Benedict Wong, Jon Favreau, Bradley Cooper, Gwyneth Paltrow, and Josh Brolin. | information_extraction |
Extract all the years from the following text. | Jim Robson OBC (born January 17, 1935) is a former radio and television broadcaster who was the play-by-play announcer of the Vancouver Canucks' games from 1970 to 1999. | 1935, 1970, 1999 | information_extraction |
Extract the publications that favorably reviewed "If I Die in a Combat Zone, Box Me Up and Ship Me Home" and put them in a comma separated list. | If I Die in a Combat Zone, Box Me Up and Ship Me Home received warm reviews from critics. Observed by the Washington Star as possibly "the single greatest piece of work to come out of Vietnam", with equally positive reviews from The Guardian, Gloria Emerson of the New York Times and was described as a personal account of "aching clarity... A beautiful, painful book," by the New York Times Book Review. Similar reviews were given from The Times, The Washington Post, The Sunday Times, The Financial Times and Time Magazine who cited O'Brien as "Perhaps the best writer about Vietnam". | The Washington Star, The Guardian, the New York Times Book Review, The Times, The Washington Post, The Sunday Times, The Financial Times, Time Magazine | information_extraction |
Where is Pompeii located? | Pompeii (/pɒmˈpeɪ(i)/, Latin: [pɔmˈpei̯.iː]) was an ancient city located in what is now the comune of Pompei near Naples in the Campania region of Italy. Pompeii, along with Herculaneum and many villas in the surrounding area (e.g. at Boscoreale, Stabiae), was buried under 4 to 6 m (13 to 20 ft) of volcanic ash and pumice in the Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD. | The ancient city of Pompeii is located near Naples in the Campania region of Italy. | closed_qa |
Write the first paragraph of a blog post describing the appeal of Cape Cod as a vacation destination. | Welcome to Cape Cod! A short 1 hour drive from Boston's Logan airport. As soon as you cross one of the 2 bridges to Cape Cod an immediate sense of calm and relaxation will wash over your body. You'll find yourself surrounded by the perfect combination of coastal charm and modern food, beverage and accommodation. The biggest decision of the week will be staying near golf, beach or one of the swanky islands just off Cape . You can have it all - the best of both worlds! Dining is easy and plentiful with causal options ranging from burgers, pizza and salads or go upscale with oysters & fresh seafood. A trip to the cape is not complete with out trying one of New England's crown jewels, the Maine Lobster served boiled or in a classic lobster roll. So kick your feet up, relax and enjoy all that the Cape has to offer! | creative_writing | |
Summarize in bullet points some methods used to produce verdigris. | A variety of recipes have been described for obtaining this blue-green patina on copper, brass, or bronze. It was originally made by hanging copper plates over hot vinegar in a sealed pot until a green crust formed on the copper. Another method, used in the Middle Ages, was to attach copper strips to a wooden block with acetic acid, then bury the sealed block in dung. A few weeks later, the block was to be dug up, and the verdigris scraped off. In eighteenth-century Montpellier, France, it was manufactured in household cellars, "where copper plates were stacked in clay pots filled with distilled wine." The verdigris was scraped off weekly by the women of the household. Copper(II) acetate is prepared by treatment of copper(II) hydroxide with acetic acid. | - Hang copper plates over hot vinegar
- Bury copper strips with wooden blocks and acetic acid in dung and dig up weeks later
- Stack copper plates in clay pots of wine
- Combine copper(II) hydroxide and acetic acid | summarization |
How do I make a perfect grilled cheese sandwich? | Step 1. Select a cheese that will melt well. Parmesan, for example, is not ideal for a grilled cheese sandwich. Cheddar, Havarti, and Colby Jack are all cheeses that taste great and will melt.
Step 2. Get two slices of bread, preferably not too thick; typical store-bought sliced bread like sourdough, potato, and white make adequate grilled bread.
Step 3. While you are assembling the sandwich, heat a shallow pan over medium-low heat on your stovetop.
Step 4. Spread some mayonnaise on the inside of each slice of bread. Sprinkle some garlic powder over the mayonnaise -- this gives a little extra flavor that one might not expect from a grilled cheese.
Step 5. Layer the cheese between the slices of bread. Don't put too much cheese on it, or it will leak out of the sandwich when you cut it!
Step 6. Assemble the sandwich and put a thin layer of mayo on the outside of each slice.
Step 7. Lay the sandwich inside your heated pan. It should sizzle immediately. Wait two minutes and check to see if the cheese is melting. If the bread is browning too quickly, turn the heat down. When it is adequately browned on one side, use a spatula to flip it over to grill the other side.
Step 8. Once your sandwich is grilled to your liking, turn off the stove and remove your sandwich from the pan. Slice diagonally and serve with a bowl of hot tomato soup. Enjoy! | creative_writing | |
What is it like being the last person on earth? | You would think the world would be yours to explore and enjoy. In actuality, it's incredibly lonely. The quiet is almost deafening. It's also much harder to get to and from as gas stations no longer work, as there is no electricity. I never thought I would miss so desperately to wait in line and go to a crowded restaurant. | creative_writing | |
Given this paragraph on French Revolution, what were the main causes | The French Revolution (French: Révolution française [ʁevɔlysjɔ̃ fʁɑ̃sɛːz]) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are considered fundamental principles of liberal democracy, while the values and institutions it created remain central to French political discourse.
Its causes are generally agreed to be a combination of social, political and economic factors, which the Ancien Régime proved unable to manage. In May 1789, widespread social distress led to the convocation of the Estates General, which was converted into a National Assembly in June. Continuing unrest culminated in the Storming of the Bastille on 14 July, which led to a series of radical measures by the Assembly, including the abolition of feudalism, the imposition of state control over the Catholic Church in France, and extension of the right to vote. | The causes were multiple, including social, politic, and economic factors. | closed_qa |
Extract what is Top Gun | The United States Navy Strike Fighter Tactics Instructor program (SFTI program), more popularly known as Top Gun (stylized as TOPGUN), is an American military program that teaches fighter and strike tactics and techniques to selected naval aviators and naval flight officers, who return to their operating units as surrogate instructors. | The United States Navy Fighter Weapons School was established on 3 March 1969, at Naval Air Station Miramar, California.
The unit's purpose was to train fighter air crews in all aspects of fighter weapons systems and the art of aerial combat. It serves to build a nucleus of eminently knowledgeable fighter crews to construct, guide, and enhance weapons training cycles and subsequent aircrew performance. This select group acts as the F-4 community’s most operationally orientated weapons specialists. Top Gun's efforts are dedicated to the Navy’s professional fighter crews, past, present and future. | information_extraction |
Based on this paragraph on Japanese bullet trains, how many cars do the longest trains have? | Trains are up to sixteen cars long. With each car measuring 25 m (82 ft) in length, the longest trains are 400 m (1⁄4 mile) end to end. Stations are similarly long to accommodate these trains. Some of Japan's high-speed maglev trains are considered Shinkansen, while other slower maglev trains (such as the Linimo maglev train line serving local community near the city of Nagoya in Aichi, Japan) are intended as alternatives to conventional urban rapid transit systems.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinkansen | Based on this paragraph, the longest Japanese bullets trains have 16 cars, which is determined by dividing the length of the longes trains (400m) by the length of each car (25m). | closed_qa |
Extract the names of the groups of islands located on the Azores plateau from the text. Separate them with a comma. | These islands can be divided into three recognizable groups located on the Azores Plateau:
The Eastern Group (Grupo Oriental) of São Miguel, Santa Maria and Formigas Islets
The Central Group (Grupo Central) of Terceira, Graciosa, São Jorge, Pico and Faial
The Western Group (Grupo Ocidental) of Flores and Corvo. | Eastern Group, Central Group, Western Group | information_extraction |
Write a short message to send to your doctor to ask if you need to make a separate appointment for each of your vaccines for an upcoming vacation to South Africa. The doctor is named Dr. Gupta | Hi Dr. Gupta, I'm reaching out because I will be traveling to South Africa soon, and I want to make sure I am up to date on all my vaccines before I go abroad. I know I need to make a travel appointment, but I wanted to check if I should make separate appointments for each vaccine or if I will be able to have all the vaccines given at one travel clinic appointment. Please let me know what scheduling makes sense, thanks so much! | creative_writing | |
What is a Maiestas trifasciatus | Maiestas trifasciatus (formerly Recilia trifasciatus) is a species of bug from the Cicadellidae family that can be found on Canary Islands and countries including Iran and Burkina Faso. It was formerly placed within Recilia, but a 2009 revision moved it to Maiestas. | Maiestas trifasciatus (formerly Recilia trifasciatus) is a species of bug from the Cicadellidae family that can be found on Canary Islands and countries including Iran and Burkina Faso.
It was formerly placed within Recilia, but a 2009 revision moved it to Maiestas. | summarization |
When did the gallipoli campaign take place? | The Gallipoli campaign was a military campaign in the First World War that took place on the Gallipoli peninsula (Gelibolu in modern Turkey), from 19 February 1915 to 9 January 1916. The Entente powers, Britain, France and the Russian Empire, sought to weaken the Ottoman Empire, one of the Central Powers, by taking control of the Ottoman straits. This would expose the Ottoman capital at Constantinople to bombardment by Allied battleships and cut it off from the Asian part of the empire. With Turkey defeated, the Suez Canal would be safe and a year-round Allied supply route could be opened through the Black Sea to warm-water ports in Russia. | The gallipoli campaign took place from the 19th of February 1915 to the 9th of January 1916. | closed_qa |
What's the architecture in Maskavas Forstate look like? | Maskavas Forštate (German: Moskauer Vorstadt) also known as Maskavas priekšpilsēta and colloquially as Maskačka, is a suburb of Riga situated on the right bank of the Daugava. The neighborhood is located to the south of Old Riga along the road historically connecting Riga to Moscow, from which its name is derived.
History
See also: Riga Ghetto
The history of Maskavas Forštate, whose name in English literally means Moscow Suburb goes back to at least the 14th century, in some parts the medieval street network has been preserved. However, the area is first mentioned in 1348 by the name of Lastādija (German: Lastadie).
Architecturally, the neighborhood reflects its history as an area of Russian, Belarusian and Jewish migration, especially characteristic wooden homes.
During the Nazi occupation of Riga, the neighborhood was turned into a ghetto for Jews. Today, there are memorials on the site of the Great Choral Synagogue and the Old Jewish cemetery. Most of the prewar buildings remain standing. | The architecture of Maskavas Forštate reflects the history of Russian, Belarusian, and Jewish migration. | closed_qa |
Where was buddha born? | Lumbinī (Nepali: लुम्बिनी pronounced [ˈlumbini] (listen), "the lovely") is a Buddhist pilgrimage site in the Rupandehi District of Lumbini Province in Nepal. It is the place where, according to Buddhist tradition, Queen Mahamayadevi gave birth to Siddhartha Gautama at around 566 BCE. Gautama, who, according to Buddhist tradition, achieved Enlightenment some time around 528 BCE, became Gautama Buddha and founded Buddhism. Lumbini is one of many magnets for pilgrimage that sprang up in places pivotal to the life of the Buddha. | Buddha was born in Lumbini which is in present day Nepal. | information_extraction |
From the passage provided, extract the states that encompass South India. Separate them with a comma. | South India, also known as Peninsular India, consists of the peninsular southern part of India. It encompasses the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Telangana, as well as the union territories of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep and Puducherry, comprising 19.31% of India's area (635,780 km2 or 245,480 sq mi) and 20% of India's population. Covering the southern part of the peninsular Deccan Plateau, South India is bounded by the Bay of Bengal in the east, the Arabian Sea in the west and the Indian Ocean in the south. The geography of the region is diverse with two mountain ranges – the Western and Eastern Ghats – bordering the plateau heartland. The Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri, Tungabhadra, Periyar, Bharathappuzha, Pamba, Thamirabarani, Palar, and Vaigai rivers are important perennial rivers. | Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Telangana | information_extraction |
Given the paragraph below, what is the population of Switzerland? | Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located at the confluence of Western, Central and Southern Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east.
Switzerland is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau, the Alps and the Jura; the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, whereas most of the country's population of 8.7 million are concentrated on the plateau, which hosts the largest cities and economic centres, including Zürich, Geneva and Basel. | The population of Switzerland is 8.7 million. The majority of the population reside in the plateau region which is home to cities such as Zurich, Geneva, and Basel. | information_extraction |
Which company constructed the Japanese submarine Yu 12? | Yu 12 was an Imperial Japanese Army transport submarine of the Yu 1 subclass of the Yu I type. Constructed for use during the latter stages of World War II, she served in the waters of the Japanese archipelago.
Construction
In the final two years of World War II, the Imperial Japanese Army constructed transport submarines — officially the Type 3 submergence transport vehicle and known to the Japanese Army as the Maru Yu — with which to supply its isolated island garrisons in the Pacific. Only submarines of the Yu I type were completed and saw service. The Yu I type was produced in four subclasses, each produced by a different manufacturer and differing primarily in the design of their conning towers and details of their gun armament. None carried torpedoes or had torpedo tubes. Yu 12 was a unit of the Yu 1 subclass.
The Hitachi Kasado Works (Hitachi Kasado Seisakujo) at Kudamatsu, Japan, constructed Yu 12. Records of the details of the construction of Yu 12 have not been discovered, but the earlier Yu I-type submarines were laid down and launched during the latter half of 1943 and entered service at the end of 1943 or early in 1944. | The company that constructed the Japanese submarine Yu 12 was Hitachi Kasado Works. | closed_qa |
What are the names of four large moons of Jupiter discovered by Galileo Galilei in 1610? | Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest in the Solar System. It is a gas giant with a mass more than two and a half times that of all the other planets in the Solar System combined, and slightly less than one one-thousandth the mass of the Sun. Jupiter is the third brightest natural object in the Earth's night sky after the Moon and Venus, and it has been observed since prehistoric times. It was named after Jupiter, the chief deity of ancient Roman religion.
Jupiter is primarily composed of hydrogen, followed by helium, which constitutes a quarter of its mass and a tenth of its volume. The ongoing contraction of Jupiter's interior generates more heat than the planet receives from the Sun. Because of its rapid rotation rate of 1 rotation per 10 hours, the planet's shape is an oblate spheroid: it has a slight but noticeable bulge around the equator. The outer atmosphere is divided into a series of latitudinal bands, with turbulence and storms along their interacting boundaries. A prominent result of this is the Great Red Spot, a giant storm which has been observed since at least 1831.
Jupiter is surrounded by a faint planetary ring system and has a powerful magnetosphere. The planet's magnetic tail is nearly 800 million kilometres (5.3 astronomical units; 500 million miles) long. Jupiter has 95 known moons and probably many more, including the four large moons discovered by Galileo Galilei in 1610: Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. Ganymede, the largest of the four, is larger than the planet Mercury. Callisto is the second largest; Io and Europa are approximately the size of Earth's moon.
Pioneer 10 was the first spacecraft to visit Jupiter, making its closest approach to the planet in December 1973. Jupiter has since been explored by multiple robotic spacecraft, beginning with the Pioneer and Voyager flyby missions from 1973 to 1979. The Galileo orbiter arrived in orbit around Jupiter in 1995. In 2007, New Horizons visited Jupiter for a gravity assist to increase its speed and bend its trajectory on the way to Pluto. The latest probe to visit Jupiter, Juno, entered its orbit in July 2016. Future targets for exploration in the Jupiter system include its moon Europa, which probably has an ice-covered liquid ocean which scientists think could sustain life. | Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. | information_extraction |
Based on the above passage name some of the companies which specialize in large-scale construction of the infrastructure to support oil field exploitation. Display the results in a comma separated format. | An oil field is an area of accumulation of liquid oil underground in multiple (potentially linked) reservoirs, trapped as it rises by impermeable rock formations. In industrial terms, an oil field implies that there is economic benefit worthy of commercial attention. Oil fields themselves may extend up to several hundred kilometers across the surface, meaning that extraction efforts can be large and spread out across the area. In addition to extraction equipment, there may be exploratory wells probing the edges to find more reservoir area, pipelines to transport the oil elsewhere, and support facilities.
Oil fields can occur anywhere that the geology of the underlying rock allows, meaning that certain fields can be far away from civilization, including at sea. Creating an operation at an oil field can be a logistically complex undertaking, as it involves not only the equipment associated with extraction and transportation, but infrastructure such as roads and housing for workers. This infrastructure has to be designed with the lifespan of the oil field in mind, as production can last many years. Several companies, such as Hill International, Bechtel, Esso, Weatherford International, Schlumberger Limited, Baker Hughes and Halliburton, have organizations that specialize in the large-scale construction of the infrastructure to support oil field exploitation. | Hill International, Bechtel, Esso, Weatherford International, Schlumberger Limited, Baker Hughes, Halliburton | information_extraction |
Were cars used for transportation in the 19th century in King Field? | King Field (alternately, Kingfield) is a neighborhood in the Southwest community in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Its boundaries are 36th Street to the north, Interstate 35W to the east, 46th Street to the south, and Lyndale Avenue to the west. King Field, within the King Field neighborhood is a park named after Martin Luther King Jr.
This was farm country in the 2nd half of the 19th century. Transportation was by horse and buggy. Fewer than 20 farms had been established by 1874. C.C. Garvey owned a dairy farm near 44th Street and Grand Ave. George Bichnell farmed 18 acres (73,000 m2) of land from Lyndale to Pleasant, 42nd to 43rd Streets. Hiram Van Nest farmed 28 acres (110,000 m2) of land from 40th to 42nd, Pleasant to Lyndale. The Farmsworth farm occupied 57 acres (230,000 m2) south of 47th Street and East of Nicollet. | No, transportation was by horse and buggy | closed_qa |
From the text below extract the types of species and the percentage of its habitat in the form {Species}:{Percentage} and place them as a bullet list | India is a megadiverse country, a term employed for 17 countries which display high biological diversity and contain many species exclusively indigenous, or endemic, to them. India is a habitat for 8.6% of all mammal species, 13.7% of bird species, 7.9% of reptile species, 6% of amphibian species, 12.2% of fish species, and 6.0% of all flowering plant species. Fully a third of Indian plant species are endemic. India also contains four of the world's 34 biodiversity hotspots, or regions that display significant habitat loss in the presence of high endemism. | Here are the types of species and their percentages stated in the given text:
Mammal species : 8.6%
Bird species : 13.7%
Reptile species : 7.9%
Amphibian species : 6%
Fish species : 12.2%
Flowering Plant species : 6.0% | information_extraction |
Based on this paragraph about Massimo Bray, what language do you think he writes in? | Massimo Bray is an academic publisher and a magazine editor. He was on the editorial board of the Italian Institute of Human Sciences until 1994. He is the cofounder of Notte della Taranta, which is among the most popular music festivals in Europe. He launched a blog on the Italian-language version of the Huffington Post. | Massimo Bray likely writes in Italian. | closed_qa |
Given this paragraph about the Cold War, why did the Soviets pull out of their war in Afghanistan? | After World War II, parts of Eastern and Central Europe, including East Germany and eastern parts of Austria were occupied by Red Army according to the Potsdam Conference. Dependent communist governments were installed in the Eastern Bloc satellite states. After becoming the world's second nuclear power, the Soviet Union established the Warsaw Pact alliance, and entered into a struggle for global dominance, known as the Cold War, with the rivaling United States and NATO. After Stalin's death in 1953 and a short period of collective rule, the new leader Nikita Khrushchev denounced Stalin and launched the policy of de-Stalinization, releasing many political prisoners from the Gulag labor camps. The general easement of repressive policies became known later as the Khrushchev Thaw. At the same time, Cold War tensions reached its peak when the two rivals clashed over the deployment of the United States Jupiter missiles in Turkey and Soviet missiles in Cuba.
In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the world's first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, thus starting the Space Age. Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human to orbit the Earth, aboard the Vostok 1 manned spacecraft on 12 April 1961. Following the ousting of Khrushchev in 1964, another period of collective rule ensued, until Leonid Brezhnev became the leader. The era of the 1970s and the early 1980s was later designated as the Era of Stagnation. The 1965 Kosygin reform aimed for partial decentralisation of the Soviet economy. In 1979, after a communist-led revolution in Afghanistan, Soviet forces invaded the country, ultimately starting the Soviet–Afghan War. In May 1988, the Soviets started to withdraw from Afghanistan, due to international opposition, persistent anti-Soviet guerrilla warfare, and a lack of support by Soviet citizens.
From 1985 onwards, the last Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, who sought to enact liberal reforms in the Soviet system, introduced the policies of glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in an attempt to end the period of economic stagnation and to democratise the government. This, however, led to the rise of strong nationalist and separatist movements across the country. Prior to 1991, the Soviet economy was the world's second-largest, but during its final years, it went into a crisis.
By 1991, economic and political turmoil began to boil over as the Baltic states chose to secede from the Soviet Union. On 17 March, a referendum was held, in which the vast majority of participating citizens voted in favour of changing the Soviet Union into a renewed federation. In June 1991, Boris Yeltsin became the first directly elected president in Russian history when he was elected president of the Russian SFSR. In August 1991, a coup d'état attempt by members of Gorbachev's government, directed against Gorbachev and aimed at preserving the Soviet Union, instead led to the end of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. On 25 December 1991, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, along with contemporary Russia, fourteen other post-Soviet states emerged. | The Soviets withdrew from the Soviet-Afghan War beginning in May 1988 due to international opposition, persistent anti-Soviet guerrilla warfare, and a lack of support by Soviet citizens. | closed_qa |
Given this paragraph about WWII, how many fatalities happened? | "World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world's countries, including all of the great powers, fought as part of two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. Many participants threw their economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind this total war, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and the delivery of the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war.
World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in history; it resulted in an estimated 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, massacres, and disease. In the wake of the Axis defeat, Germany and Japan were occupied, and war crimes tribunals were conducted against German and Japanese leaders.
The causes of World War II are debated, but contributing factors included the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, Spanish Civil War, Second Sino-Japanese War, Soviet–Japanese border conflicts, the rise of fascism in Europe, and European tensions in the aftermath of World War I. World War II is generally considered to have begun on 1 September 1939, when Nazi Germany, under Adolf Hitler, invaded Poland. The United Kingdom and France subsequently declared war on Germany on 3 September. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union had partitioned Poland and marked out their ""spheres of influence"" across Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Romania. From late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, in a military alliance with Italy, Japan and other countries called the Axis. Following the onset of campaigns in North Africa and East Africa, and the fall of France in mid-1940, the war continued primarily between the European Axis powers and the British Empire, with war in the Balkans, the aerial Battle of Britain, the Blitz of the United Kingdom, and the Battle of the Atlantic. On 22 June 1941, Germany led the European Axis powers in an invasion of the Soviet Union, opening the Eastern Front, the largest land theatre of war in history." | According to the paragraph, World War II resulted in an estimated 70 to 85 million fatalities. Most of these fatalities were amongst civilians. | information_extraction |
From the passage provided, extract the diameter of eukaryotic ribosomes. | Prokaryotic ribosomes are around 20 nm (200 Å) in diameter and are composed of 65% rRNA and 35% ribosomal proteins. Eukaryotic ribosomes are between 25 and 30 nm (250–300 Å) in diameter with an rRNA-to-protein ratio that is close to 1. Crystallographic work has shown that there are no ribosomal proteins close to the reaction site for polypeptide synthesis. This suggests that the protein components of ribosomes do not directly participate in peptide bond formation catalysis, but rather that these proteins act as a scaffold that may enhance the ability of rRNA to synthesize protein (See: Ribozyme). | Eukaryotic ribosomes are between 25 and 30 nm (250–300 Å) in diameter. | information_extraction |
Write the first paragraph of a blog post describing the appeal of Boston as a tourist destination | Boston is a vibrant city with a rich history, incredible architecture, and diverse culture. Its cobblestone streets, charming neighborhoods, and vibrant nightlife make it an ideal destination for visitors. From the Freedom Trail to the Boston Common, Boston offers visitors a unique experience unlike any other. From historic sites to vibrant nightlife, Boston is a great place to visit and explore. The suburbs are great too. | creative_writing | |
How do you make the best shepherds pie? | There are many ingredients that go into a shepherds pie. Using organic vegetables and meat is a great way to start. You can use either minced beef or lamb but I prefer beef. You will need to brown the meat and then add a shepherds pie seasoning mix. Once mixed add the combination to a baking dish. Next peel the potatoes and boil them for 20 minutes. Once boiled you will need to mash the potatoes and add milk and butter if you want them to be more creamy. Next steam carrots and peas and then add to the beef mixture. Top the mixture with the potatoes and cook for 30 minutes at 350 degrees. This is a great meal for a cold day! | creative_writing | |
Extract the dates from the following. | YouTube has been led by a CEO since its founding in 2005, and has retained this leadership model even after its acquisition by Google. The current CEO is Neal Mohan, who was appointed on February 16, 2023. | February 16, 2023 | information_extraction |
From the passage identify the names of Zeus’s Roman counterpart. Display the results in a comma separated format. | Zeus (Ζεύς, Zeús)
King of the gods, ruler of Mount Olympus, and god of the sky, weather, thunder, lightning, law, order, and justice. He is the youngest son of Cronus and Rhea. He overthrew Cronus and gained the sovereignty of heaven for himself. In art he is depicted as a regal, mature man with a sturdy figure and dark beard. His usual attributes are the royal scepter and the lightning bolt. His sacred animals include the eagle and the bull. His Roman counterpart is Jupiter, also known as Jove. | Jupiter, Jove | information_extraction |
What is Gyebangsan? | Gyebangsan is a mountain of Gyeongsangnam-do, located in southeastern South Korea. | Gyebangsan is a mountain, located in southeastern South Korea. | closed_qa |
How many iron atoms are in a single molecule of the main component substance of ironsand? | Ironsand, also known as iron-sand or iron sand, is a type of sand with heavy concentrations of iron. It is typically dark grey or blackish in colour.
It is composed mainly of magnetite, Fe3O4, and also contains small amounts of titanium, silica, manganese, calcium and vanadium.
Ironsand has a tendency to heat up in direct sunlight, causing temperatures high enough to cause minor burns. As such it forms a hazard in New Zealand at popular west-coast surf beaches such as Piha. | The main component of ironsand is magnetite, which has chemical formula Fe3O4. Because Fe is the chemical symbol for iron and it is followed by a 3 in this formula, there are 3 iron atoms per magnetite molecule. | closed_qa |
When did Virgin Australia start operating? | Virgin Australia, the trading name of Virgin Australia Airlines Pty Ltd, is an Australian-based airline. It is the largest airline by fleet size to use the Virgin brand. It commenced services on 31 August 2000 as Virgin Blue, with two aircraft on a single route. It suddenly found itself as a major airline in Australia's domestic market after the collapse of Ansett Australia in September 2001. The airline has since grown to directly serve 32 cities in Australia, from hubs in Brisbane, Melbourne and Sydney. | Virgin Australia commenced services on 31 August 2000 as Virgin Blue, with two aircraft on a single route. | closed_qa |
How many variants of the PrintNightmare existed? | PrintNightmare was a critical security vulnerability affecting the Microsoft Windows operating system. The vulnerability occurred within the print spooler service. There were two variants, one permitting remote code execution (CVE-2021-34527), and the other leading to privilege escalation (CVE-2021-1675). A third vulnerability (CVE-2021-34481) was announced July 15, 2021, and upgraded to remote code execution by Microsoft in August.
On July 6, 2021, Microsoft started releasing out-of-band (unscheduled) patches attempting to address the vulnerability. Due to its severity, Microsoft released patches for Windows 7 and Windows Server 2012, despite being out of their mainstream support period. The patches resulted in some printers ceasing to function. Researchers have noted that the vulnerability has not been fully addressed by the patches. After the patch is applied, only administrators account on Windows print server, will be able to install printer drivers, as part of the vulnerability related to the ability of non-administrators to install printer drivers on the system, such as shared printers on system without sharing password protection.
The organization which discovered the vulnerability, Sangfor, published a proof of concept in a public GitHub repository. Apparently published in error, or as a result of a miscommunication between the researchers and Microsoft, the proof of concept was deleted shortly after. However, several copies have since appeared online. | There are two variants of the PrintNightmare, one permitting remote code execution and the other one leading to privilege escalation. | summarization |
Given this short paragraph about the life of George K. McGunnegle, how old was he when he retired and what month of the year did that happen? | As a member of the 3rd Infantry Regiment and 17th Infantry Regiment, McGunnegle served in the Philippines during the Philippine–American War. After receiving promotion to colonel in 1906, he commanded the 1st Infantry Regiment during service in Washington, the Philippines, and Hawaii. In 1914, he was assigned to command the recruit depot at Fort McDowell, California. He served until recaching the mandatory retirement age of 64 in June 1918. Because World War I was ongoing, McGunnegle agreed to defer retirement and remained on duty at Fort McDowell. The war ended in November 1918, and he remained in command of Fort McDowell to muster out troops as the army demobilized. He retired in July 1919. | George K. McGunnegle was 64 when he retired in July of 1919. | closed_qa |
What is the Tritonia auriculata | Tritonia auriculata is a species of dendronotid nudibranch. It is a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Tritoniidae. | Tritonia auriculata is a species of dendronotid nudibranch. It is a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Tritoniidae | summarization |
Tell me about the Mughal Empire? | The Mughal Empire was an early-modern empire that controlled much of the Indian subcontinent between the 16th and 19th centuries. For some two hundred years, the empire stretched from the outer fringes of the Indus river basin in the west, northern Afghanistan in the northwest, and Kashmir in the north, to the highlands of present-day Assam and Bangladesh in the east, and the uplands of the Deccan Plateau in South India.It included present day areas of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh. | The Mughal empire is conventionally said to have been founded in 1526 by Babur, a warrior chieftain from what is today Uzbekistan, who employed aid from the neighboring Safavid and Ottoman empires, to defeat the Sultan of Delhi, Ibrahim Lodi, in the First Battle of Panipat, and to sweep down the plains of North India. The Mughal imperial structure, however, is sometimes dated to 1600, to the rule of Babur's grandson, Akbar. This imperial structure lasted until 1720, shortly after the death of the last major emperor, Aurangzeb, during whose reign the empire also achieved its maximum geographical extent. Reduced subsequently to the region in and around Old Delhi by 1760, the empire was formally dissolved by the British Raj after the Indian Rebellion of 1857. | summarization |
What was the first name of Thomas Attewell's brother and cousin? | Thomas Attewell (7 November 1869 – 6 July 1937) was an English first-class cricketer. Attewell was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Keyworth, Nottinghamshire.
His brother William played first-class cricket for Nottinghamshire and the Marylebone Cricket Club, as well as Test cricket for England. His cousin Walter Attewell played first-class cricket for Nottinghamshire. | William and Walter | closed_qa |
Is ABAKO no longer an active political party? | The Alliance of Bakongo (French: Alliance des Bakongo, or ABAKO) was a Congolese political party, founded by Edmond Nzeza Nlandu, but headed by Joseph Kasa-Vubu, which emerged in the late 1950s as vocal opponent of Belgian colonial rule in what today is the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Additionally, the organization served as the major ethno-religious organization for the Kongo people (also known as Bakongo) and became closely intertwined with the Kimbanguist Church which was extremely popular in the lower Congo. | Correct, The Alliance of Bakongo, or ABAKO, is no longer a political party. | closed_qa |
Extract all unique names from the provided paragraphs separated by comma. | Neville shows to Det. Delroy a recently shot love scene between Keefe and Elaine, willingly pointing out a spousicide-related detail which compromises the already delicate position of the young widower. In light of this new evidence, Delroy tells the director that he will arrest the young man very soon. Neville telephones Keefe to warn him, telling him to come to his house at a certain time. The director also calls Elaine to his home, where he attempts to recreate the night of Andrea's murder, this time using Elaine. Det. Vickers watches Elaine enter the director's house from the street, but he misses Keefe, who breaks in through a window. He disrupts the liaison by pulling plug fuses out of the breaker box, shutting off the lights. Detective Vickers notices the lights shut off from the street and unsuccessfully tries to break in. In the house, Neville attacks Keefe with a pair of scissors, and the two struggle. Keefe throws Neville over a balcony, and he lands in an indoor fountain below together with a light. Simultaneously, Elaine restores electricity to the house, unknowingly electrocuting Neville to death. | Neville, Delroy, Keefe, Elaine, Andrea, Vickers | information_extraction |
What's one way biotechnology was used in world war one? | In the early twentieth century scientists gained a greater understanding of microbiology and explored ways of manufacturing specific products. In 1917, Chaim Weizmann first used a pure microbiological culture in an industrial process, that of manufacturing corn starch using Clostridium acetobutylicum, to produce acetone, which the United Kingdom desperately needed to manufacture explosives during World War I. | In 1917, Chaim Weizmann first used a pure microbiological culture in an industrial process, that of manufacturing corn starch using Clostridium acetobutylicum, to produce acetone, which the United Kingdom desperately needed to manufacture explosives during World War I. | information_extraction |
From the passage provided find how many runs did shane warne concede in the three-day first class match at the Brabourne Stadium | Tendulkar scored 143 (131) runs in Sharjah against the Australian team in the 1998 Coca-Cola cup, including 5 sixes in an inning against Shane Warne, Damien Fleming and Michael Kasprowicz. The inning is known as the "Desert Storm" because it was interrupted by a sand storm. In 2020, a poll from the ICC declared it Tendulkar's best ODI inning.
In early 1998, while playing in an Australian tour of India, Tendulkar scored three consecutive centuries. The focus of the tour was the clash between Tendulkar and spinner Shane Warne, both at the peak of their careers. In the lead-up to the series, Tendulkar simulated scenarios in the nets with Laxman Sivaramakrishnan. In their tour opener, Australia faced Mumbai at the Brabourne Stadium in a three-day first class match. Tendulkar scored an unbeaten 204 runs as Shane Warne conceded 111 runs in 16 overs and Australia lost the match within three days. He also had a role with the ball in the five-match ODI series in India following the Tests, including a five wicket haul in an ODI in Kochi. Set 310 runs to win, Australia were cruising at 203 for 3 in the 31st over when Tendulkar turned the match for India, taking the wickets of Michael Bevan, Steve Waugh, Darren Lehmann, Tom Moody and Damien Martyn for 32 runs in 10 overs. The Test match success was followed by two consecutive centuries in April 1998 in a Triangular cricket tournament in Sharjah—the first in a must-win game to take India to the finals and then again in the finals, both against Australia. These twin knocks were also known as the Desert Storm innings. Following the series, Warne ruefully joked that he was having nightmares about his Indian nemesis.
Tendulkar's contribution in the ICC 1998 quarterfinal at Dhaka paved the way for India's entry into the semifinals, when he took four Australian wickets after scoring 141 runs in 128 balls. | Shane Warne conceded 111 runs in 16 overs | information_extraction |
From the passage provided, extract the union territories that encompass South India. Separate them with a comma. | South India, also known as Peninsular India, consists of the peninsular southern part of India. It encompasses the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Telangana, as well as the union territories of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep and Puducherry, comprising 19.31% of India's area (635,780 km2 or 245,480 sq mi) and 20% of India's population. Covering the southern part of the peninsular Deccan Plateau, South India is bounded by the Bay of Bengal in the east, the Arabian Sea in the west and the Indian Ocean in the south. The geography of the region is diverse with two mountain ranges – the Western and Eastern Ghats – bordering the plateau heartland. The Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri, Tungabhadra, Periyar, Bharathappuzha, Pamba, Thamirabarani, Palar, and Vaigai rivers are important perennial rivers. | Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep and Puducherry | information_extraction |
Which continent can Callixena versicolora be found? | Callixena versicolora is a moth of the family Noctuidae first described by Max Saalmüller in 1891. The species can be found in Africa, where it is known from Ghana, Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi, Kenya, South Africa, Comoros, Madagascar and Réunion.
This species has a wingspan from 29 to 40 mm.
References
Saalmüller & von Heyden (1891). Lepidopteren von Madagascar. Zweite Abtheilung. Heterocera: Noctuae, Geometrae, Microlepidoptera. :247–531, pls. 7–14 (in German)
De Prins, J. & De Prins, W. (2019). "Magusa versicolora (Saalmüller, 1891)". Afromoths. Retrieved December 22, 2020. | Africa | closed_qa |
How many prototypes were made? | The first prototype was entirely mechanical. Three prototypes were made, and they were improved over one year. In the meantime, sure of having found a solution to the problem of taking 360° photos, Leme applied for a patent registration, a process that went on for some years. | Three prototypes were made and improved over one year. | closed_qa |
Given a reference text about the 2015 UEFA Super Cup, tell me who played in the game, who won, and the score. | The 2015 UEFA Super Cup was a football match between Spanish teams Barcelona and Sevilla on 11 August 2015 at the Boris Paichadze Dinamo Arena in Tbilisi, Georgia. It was the 40th UEFA Super Cup, an annual tournament contested by the winners of the UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League. Barcelona were appearing in the Super Cup for the ninth time, they had previously won and lost the competition four times each. Sevilla were appearing in the competition for the fourth time, they had won once and lost twice. The two sides had met before in the competition in 2006, when Sevilla won 3–0.
The teams had qualified for the competition by winning the two seasonal European competitions. Barcelona won the 2014–15 UEFA Champions League, defeating Italian Juventus 3–1 in the final. Sevilla qualified as winners of the 2014–15 UEFA Europa League. They beat Ukrainian team Dnipro 3–2 in the final.
Barcelona won the game 5–4 after extra time to claim their fifth Super Cup title, tying Milan's record. Their ninth Super Cup appearance was also a record, two ahead of Milan. Dani Alves's fourth Super Cup win and fifth appearance matched Paolo Maldini's records, while Luis Enrique became the fourth man to lift the UEFA Super Cup as coach and player after Pep Guardiola, Carlo Ancelotti and Diego Simeone. The nine goals scored was also the most in any Super Cup fixture, and the attendance of 51,940 was a record for a one-off, neutral venue UEFA Super Cup. | Barcelona played Sevilla in the 2015 UEFA Super Cup. Barcelona won 5-4 after extra time. | closed_qa |
What is CBT? | Technological advances also renewed interest in mental states and mental representations. English neuroscientist Charles Sherrington and Canadian psychologist Donald O. Hebb used experimental methods to link psychological phenomena to the structure and function of the brain. The rise of computer science, cybernetics, and artificial intelligence underlined the value of comparing information processing in humans and machines.
A popular and representative topic in this area is cognitive bias, or irrational thought. Psychologists (and economists) have classified and described a sizeable catalogue of biases which recur frequently in human thought. The availability heuristic, for example, is the tendency to overestimate the importance of something which happens to come readily to mind.
Elements of behaviorism and cognitive psychology were synthesized to form cognitive behavioral therapy, a form of psychotherapy modified from techniques developed by American psychologist Albert Ellis and American psychiatrist Aaron T. Beck.
On a broader level, cognitive science is an interdisciplinary enterprise involving cognitive psychologists, cognitive neuroscientists, linguists, and researchers in artificial intelligence, human–computer interaction, and computational neuroscience. The discipline of cognitive science covers cognitive psychology as well as philosophy of mind, computer science, and neuroscience. Computer simulations are sometimes used to model phenomena of interest. | Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a form of psychological treatment that is very effective to treat anxiety, substance abuse, eating disorders and several other mental health disorders. | information_extraction |
Write a compelling short story | Baby shoes. For sale. Never Worn | creative_writing | |
Write a short story about an inn staffed by bears, birds, and sea creatures. The story should include details about the staff and the activities that the inn offers. | There once was a small inn in San Francisco called the Crab Inn. Its proprietor was a friendly and hard-working stone crab named Joe. Joe was an inspiring leader and had a knack for managing diverse species, thus he had attracted a sizable contingent of bears and birds to work at the inn. His most valued employees were a large polar bear who served as CFO, and a brown bear from Britain who was the hotel’s concierge. Additional staff members included a large brown bear who ran the shipping and receiving department, and a hen whose feathers made her an excellent housekeeper. Security was provided by a retired Canadian police bear and a retired British police bear. And because Joe recognized the importance of staying at the forefront of innovation, the inn employed a mole to research new hotel concepts. Lastly, the inn had a small polar bear on retainer as their attorney, and an Irish doctor bear to look after the medical needs of the staff and the very occasional guest who would stay at the inn. Amazingly, Joe and his CFO had convinced the staff to work in return only for housing and an occasional chocolate coin.
Although the inn was very small, it offered guests various activities. The most popular was a whale watching cruise. Although the ship’s captain, a penguin, was not a skilled navigator, guests were guaranteed whale sightings on every voyage because the whales worked for the inn. The inn’s spa was focused on a small gym facility, and an emotional support bear offered counseling services so that guests could heal both their bodies and minds. The most popular guest dining spot was al fresco in the inn’s award-winning garden, where a pair of geese served as bartender and wine sommelier. Lastly, guests enjoyed parties organized by the hotel’s panda bear to watch broadcasts of local sports teams on the inn’s large television. | creative_writing | |
Extract the celebrity guests that appeared on the show Parks and Recreation. | Numerous actors have made recurring guest appearances throughout the series, including Pamela Reed as Leslie's mother and fellow politician Marlene Griggs-Knope, Ben Schwartz as Tom's fast-talking friend Jean-Ralphio and Jenny Slate as his twin sister Mona-Lisa, Jama Williamson as Tom's ex-wife Wendy, Mo Collins as morning talk show host Joan Callamezzo, Jay Jackson as television broadcaster Perd Hapley, Alison Becker as newspaper reporter Shauna Malwae-Tweep, Darlene Hunt as conservative activist Marcia Langman, and Andy Forrest as Andy's frequent shoeshine customer Kyle. Megan Mullally, the real-life wife of Nick Offerman, portrayed Ron's ex-wife Tammy in the second season's "Ron and Tammy", a role she reprised in later episodes. Lucy Lawless and Jon Glaser have recurring roles in the fifth and sixth seasons as Ron's love interest and later wife Diane Lewis, and as Leslie's arch enemy on the city council Jeremy Jamm, respectively.
Mullally's performance was well received, which made the Parks and Recreation producers feel more comfortable about using celebrity guest actors in later episodes. Other such celebrity guests included: Blake Anderson, Fred Armisen, Will Arnett, Kristen Bell, H. Jon Benjamin, Matt Besser, Chris Bosh, Louis C.K., The Decemberists, Sam Elliott, Will Forte, Ginuwine, Michael Gross, Jon Hamm, Nick Kroll, John Larroquette, Andrew Luck, Letters to Cleo, Natalie Morales, Parker Posey, Kathryn Hahn, Andy Samberg, J. K. Simmons, Roy Hibbert, Detlef Schrempf, Justin Theroux, Wilco, Henry Winkler, Peter Serafinowicz and Yo La Tengo. Paul Rudd appeared in several season four episodes as Bobby Newport, Leslie's opponent in the City Council race, and returned for two episodes in the final season. | Pamela Reed, Ben Schwartz, Jenny Slate, Jama Williamson, Mo Collins, Jay Jackson, Alison Becker, Darlene Hunt, Andy Forrest, Megan Mullally, Lucy Lawless, Jon Glaser, Blake Anderson, Fred Armisen, Will Arnett, Kristen Bell, H. Jon Benjamin, Matt Besser, Chris Bosh, Louis C.K., The Decemberists, Sam Elliott, Will Forte, Ginuwine, Michael Gross, Jon Hamm, Nick Kroll, John Larroquette, Andrew Luck, Letters to Cleo,Natalie Morales, Parker Posey,
Kathryn Hahn, Andy Samberg, J. K. Simmons, Roy Hibbert, Detlef Schrempf, Justin Theroux, Wilco, Henry Winkler, Peter Serafinowicz, Yo La Tengo, Paul Rudd | information_extraction |
Is the glass ceiling real? | A glass ceiling is a metaphor usually applied to women, used to represent an invisible barrier that prevents a given demographic from rising beyond a certain level in a hierarchy. No matter how invisible the glass ceiling is expressed, it is actually a difficult obstacle to overcome. The metaphor was first used by feminists in reference to barriers in the careers of high-achieving women. It was coined by Marilyn Loden during a speech in 1978. In the United States, the concept is sometimes extended to refer to racial inequality in the United States. Minority women in white-majority countries often find the most difficulty in "breaking the glass ceiling" because they lie at the intersection of two historically marginalized groups: women and people of color. East Asian and East Asian American news outlets have coined the term "bamboo ceiling" to refer to the obstacles that all East Asian Americans face in advancing their careers. Similarly, a multitude of barriers that refugees and asylum seekers face in their search for meaningful employment is referred to as canvas ceiling. | While it is not real as a physical object, it is considered real metaphorically, as it represents an invisible barrier that hinder women from rising beyond a certain organizational or societal hierarchy. | closed_qa |
What modalities does Quah Jing Wen specialize on? | Quah Jing Wen (Chinese: 柯敬文; pinyin: Kē Jìngwén; born 20 December 2000) is a Singaporean professional swimmer who specialises in individual medley, butterfly and freestyle events.
Education
Quah was educated at Methodist Girls' School and Anglo-Chinese School (Independent), before graduating from Texas A&M University in 2021 with a bachelor's degree in biomedical science.
Swimming career
Quah Jing Wen clocked 2min 12.95sec and set an Under-17 200m butterfly Singaporean national record at the Neo Garden 13th Singapore National Swimming Championships, breaking Tao Li's record set in 2005.
Quah won the bronze in the 2015 SEA Games when making her debut in the 400m IM.
In 2017, Quah won 5 gold medals and a silver medal at the Commonwealth Youth Games, held in Nassau. In the same year, she also won 5 gold medals in the 2017 SEA Games.[1 | Quah Jing Wen is specialized on individual medley, butterfly and freestyle events. | closed_qa |
Describe how you planned a father and son high school senior trip | My son and I, embarked on a biking trip from San Francisco to LA right before my son's college applications and essays were due. To start our journey, we rented a truck and transported our bikes from LA to San Francisco. We returned the truck in San Francisco and started our journet on our bikes. Our trip took eight days and was full of adventure and unexpected twists and turns. We had to stay in motels and camp sites along the way and endure biking many uphill miles. Our meals tasted the best after a lenghty daily travel, and the most enjoyable was the deep conversations we had without interruption of phone or social media. I shared my never spoken before youth experiences growing up in Iran. He seemed delighted to be hearing my experience and taking a mental note every step of the way.
Upon reflecting on our trip, we encountered numerous challenges. We lost our way for several miles, and to compound our predicament, our bikes broke down along the way. In addition, we were cited by the police for riding our bikes on the freeway and physically assaulted. Despite all these setbacks, we pushed ourselves to ride up to 80 miles each day.
Even to this day, my son frequently recalls our trip and how it brought us closer together. He also acknowledges the spiritual growth that we experienced as a result of the journey.
He was accpeted as the only two students to Berkely and many months later I asked him what set him apart from all A's students which he then responded my colledge essay and our SF biking trip. | creative_writing | |
Tell me about a random street in Berlin | Tiergartenstraße is a street in the Tiergarten district in central Berlin, the capital of Germany. The street runs east-west along the southern edge of the Großer Tiergarten park from Kemperplatz and Ben-Gurion-Straße near Sony Center and Potsdamer Platz in the east to the intersection of Hofjägerallee and Klingelhöferstraße in the west. On the street’s southern side, the street intersects with (from east to west), Herbert-von-Karajan-Straße, Stauffenbergstraße, Hildebrandstraße, Hiroshimastraße and Clara-Wieck-Straße.The neighbourhood was incorporated into the City of Berlin in 1861, soon after the 1871 Unification of Germany it developed into an affluent residential area and later into the capital's diplomatic quarter.The Kemperplatz at the eastern end formerly marked the starting point of the Siegesallee boulevard running northwards through the park to Königsplatz in front of the Reichstag. On Tiergartenstaße No. 1 is the Berlin Musical Instrument Museum and the adjacent building of the Berliner Philharmonie behind it, a major centre for musical performances.On the western corner on Tiergartenstraße No. 6 is the Berlin Museum of Applied Art and next to it the Berlin Art Library, both part of the Kulturforum cluster of the Berlin State Museums. On the intersection with Stauffenbergstraße on No. 12 is the Austrian embassy, erected in 2001 according to plans designed by Hans Hollein. Further diplomatic missions follow: the Indian and South African embassies (on No. 18) as well as the Italian and Japanese representations at the corner of Hiroshimastraße, both as former Axis powers located at vast buildings from about 1941/42 that have been reconstructed after World War II. A number of other embassies are located along nearby streets.At the western end of Tiergartenstraße are the Jesuit Canisius-Kolleg gymnasium in the building of the former Krupp representative office on No. 30, the Saudi Arabian embassy and finally the offices of the Christian Democratic Konrad Adenauer Foundation. On the corner of Klingelhöferstraße is a sculpture depicting Konrad Adenauer and Charles de Gaulle shaking hands, symbolising their role in overcoming the centuries-long French–German enmity and laying the groundwork for the Franco–German Friendship after World War II.On the north side of Tiergartenstraße just west of Stauffenbergstraße is a large seated statue of the composer Richard Wagner in the Tiergarten park. A glass canopy has been erected over the statue to protect it from the elements.The bus terminal at the corner Herbert-von-Karajan-Straße was formerly the site of the villa Tiergartenstraße No. 4, the headquarters of the Nazi \euthanasia\" program (the mass murder of disabled people and others) | A random street found in Berlin, Germany is Tiergartenstraße. Tiergartenstraße east-west along the southern edge of the Großer Tiergarten park from Kemperplatz and Ben-Gurion-Straße near Sony Center and Potsdamer Platz in the east to the intersection of Hofjägerallee and Klingelhöferstraße in the west.
On Tiergartenstaße No. 1 is the Berlin Musical Instrument Museum and the adjacent building of the Berliner Philharmonie behind it, a major centre for musical performances.
The street also contains buildings used in WWII for the Axis powers of Japan, Italy, and Germany that were reconstructed after the war.
On the corner of Klingelhöferstraße, there is a sculpture depicting Konrad Adenauer and Charles de Gaulle shaking hands, symbolising their role in overcoming the centuries-long French–German enmity and laying the groundwork for the Franco–German Friendship after World War II. | summarization |
Given a reference text about Being There, tell me when the book was published and when a film about the book was created. | Being There is a satirical novel by the Polish-born writer Jerzy Kosinski, published April 21, 1971. Set in America, the story concerns Chance, a simple gardener who unwittingly becomes a much sought-after political pundit and commentator on the vagaries of the modern world. It has been suggested that Kosinski modeled the character of Chance after a former greenhouse manager named Jerry Jarvis who became the national leader of the transcendental meditation movement during the late 1960s and early 1970s, whom Kosinski had met at the local TM Center in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and who embodied the calm and simple manner of Chauncy Gardiner. The Cambridge TM Center was for years located at the corner of Chauncy and Garden Streets.
A film based on the book was made in 1979; Kosinski co-wrote the film's screenplay with Robert C. Jones. | Being There was published on April 21, 1971 and a film about the book was made in 1979. | closed_qa |
What are the benefits of using genetically modified crops in agriculture? | There are many benefits to using genetically modified crops in agriculture. The benefits include making the crops hardier with greater resistance to diseases and droughts. The resulting crops can also make food more nutritious and taste better. An additional environmental benefit of genetically modified crops is that they have the potential to reduce resources needed to grow, including water and fertilizer. | creative_writing | |
Write me an introductory email to a lawyer to represent me in court for a red light ticket I did not deserve | Hello,
I recently received a ticket for disregarding a red light (see attached ticket). I sincerely believe I was already in the intersection and needed to keep going, though the police officer says I was not yet at the crossing lines. Could you please share your rates with me?
Thank you | creative_writing | |
What do you think about Lake Tahoe as a destination to rent a cabin either for summer or winter? | I have been to Lake Tahoe a couple of times, both in winter. It is a beautiful destination to rent a cabin, and during winter the snow, the mountains and the overall atmosphere is great as a destination to enjoy with friends and family. I have not been there during summer though, however I did hear that when the snow melts there is a whole other world of trails for hiking, biking and walking that are not visible during winter. | creative_writing |
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