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in addition practitioners also want confidence that the learned policy has better performance than the incumbent policy according to downstream | policy | policy evaluation | in addition practitioners also want confidence that the learned policy has better performance than the incumbent policy according to downstream policy evaluation |
tree embedding has been a fundamental method in algorithm design with | wide | tree edit | tree embedding has been a fundamental method in algorithm design with wide applications |
we ultimately wish to answer the fundamental question what are the physically realizable | correlations | quantum correlations | we ultimately wish to answer the fundamental question what are the physically realizable correlations between multiple parties under varying latency constraints |
generative artificial intelligence genai can aid | humans | ai use | generative artificial intelligence genai can aid humans in a wide range of tasks but its effectiveness critically depends on users being able to evaluate the accuracy of genai outputs and their own expertise |
we investigate whether large language models | llms | large language | we investigate whether large language models llms can act as in-context meta-learners for this task |
recent work has shown that different large language models | llms | large language models llms | recent work has shown that different large language models llms converge to similar and accurate input embedding representations for numbers |
secondly sufficient conditions for a central | limit | central limit | secondly sufficient conditions for a central limit theorem with a standard rate of convergence are supplied |
quantifying the uncertainty in the output of a | neural | neural network | quantifying the uncertainty in the output of a neural network is essential for deployment in scientific or engineering applications where decisions must be made under limited or noisy data |
we show that assignment rules with more than one | variable | treatment assignment | we show that assignment rules with more than one variable allow the estimation of a more comprehensive set of treatment effects relaxing in a research-driven style the local and sometimes limiting nature of univariate rd designs |
to address this we leverage a suite of representational similarity metrics-each capturing a distinct facet of representational correspondence such as geometry unit-level tuning or | linear | encoding models | to address this we leverage a suite of representational similarity metrics-each capturing a distinct facet of representational correspondence such as geometry unit-level tuning or linear decodability-and assess brain region or model separability using multiple complementary measures |
however current watermarking solutions hardly resolve the trust issue the non-public watermark | detection | watermarking schemes | however current watermarking solutions hardly resolve the trust issue the non-public watermark detection cannot prove itself faithfully conducting the detection |
spin readout after coherent control of single nvs is demonstrated using charge | readout | spin readout | spin readout after coherent control of single nvs is demonstrated using charge readout in a protocol we call charge-capture detected magnetic resonance ccdmr and we use charge-based imaging to identify charge carrier generation and trapping processes |
the graph constructed from the power system model requires only knowledge of the dependencies between state-to-state and output-to-state variables within a | state-space | power flow | the graph constructed from the power system model requires only knowledge of the dependencies between state-to-state and output-to-state variables within a state-space framework |
while transferring into hand articulatied object interaction haoi the hand grasps synthesis requires not only object functionality but also long-term | manipulation | manipulation ordering | while transferring into hand articulatied object interaction haoi the hand grasps synthesis requires not only object functionality but also long-term manipulation sequence along the object deformation |
for three decades statistical physics has been providing a framework to analyse | neural | deep learning | for three decades statistical physics has been providing a framework to analyse neural networks |
with a software-defined radio our approach can dynamically sweep the synthetic | wavelength | optical communication | with a software-defined radio our approach can dynamically sweep the synthetic wavelength and measure absolute optical range |
we consider a class of algorithms for this problem which is provably | minimax | minimax optimal | we consider a class of algorithms for this problem which is provably minimax optimal up to a constant factor |
secondly sufficient conditions for a central limit theorem with a standard | rate | convergence rate | secondly sufficient conditions for a central limit theorem with a standard rate of convergence are supplied |
point convergence analysis of the accelerated | gradient | gradient descent | point convergence analysis of the accelerated gradient method for multiobjective optimization continuous and discrete |
simulations show that these continuous-time networks stably learn at | biological | continual learning | simulations show that these continuous-time networks stably learn at biological timescales even under temporal mismatches and integration noise |
these applications have motivated a growing demand for compact reconfigurable | vortex | vortex phase | these applications have motivated a growing demand for compact reconfigurable vortex arrays with tunable topological charge yet integrating these functionalities into nanophotonic platforms remains elusive |
it is shown however that under control gain variation the safe set of these | controllers | predictive control | it is shown however that under control gain variation the safe set of these controllers is locally asymptotically stable which implies that their safety is sensitive to large but bounded disturbances |
we demonstrate the practical value of our approach through applications across economics biology and | machine | machine learning | we demonstrate the practical value of our approach through applications across economics biology and machine learning benchmarks |
in 5g nr reciprocity-based beamforming via uplink sounding reference | signals | beamforming design | in 5g nr reciprocity-based beamforming via uplink sounding reference signals srs face resource and coverage constraints motivating sparse non-uniform srs allocation |
our modification introduces an auxiliary anchor class enabling consistent density ratio | estimation | density ratio | our modification introduces an auxiliary anchor class enabling consistent density ratio estimation and yielding a plug-in mi estimator with significantly reduced bias |
this gives rise to a new family of explicitly constructed | graphs | spanning trees | this gives rise to a new family of explicitly constructed graphs which may have other applications |
we define symmetric and asymmetric branching trees a class of processes particularly suited for | modeling | basic reproduction | we define symmetric and asymmetric branching trees a class of processes particularly suited for modeling genealogies of inhomogeneous populations where individuals may reproduce throughout life |
our findings suggest the smc has a higher production of eu with respect to the alpha -elements than the | milky | milky way | our findings suggest the smc has a higher production of eu with respect to the alpha -elements than the milky way but in line with what observed in other dwarf systems within the local group |
bridging the gap between empirical welfare maximization and conditional average treatment effect estimation in | policy | reinforcement learning | bridging the gap between empirical welfare maximization and conditional average treatment effect estimation in policy learning |
in this setting the usual constant diffusion coefficient is replaced by the spatially varying coefficient produced by the learned density yielding | dynamics | langevin dynamics | in this setting the usual constant diffusion coefficient is replaced by the spatially varying coefficient produced by the learned density yielding dynamics that differ significantly from those obtained with conventional constant-diffusion models |
we also review and discuss different methods for m_ | bullet | dwarf galaxies | we also review and discuss different methods for m_ bullet inference in tdes and find that approaches based on physical models of the early-time uv optical emission are not able to recover at a statistically significant level black hole-host galaxy scalings |
phylogenetic trees capture evolutionary relationships among | species | phylogenetic diversity | phylogenetic trees capture evolutionary relationships among species and reflect the forces that shaped them |
a logic-based algorithmic meta-theorem for | treedepth | -errata trees | a logic-based algorithmic meta-theorem for treedepth single exponential fpt time and polynomial space |
nanovla routing decoupled vision-language understanding for nano-sized generalist | robotic | vision-language models | nanovla routing decoupled vision-language understanding for nano-sized generalist robotic policies |
these embodied computers enable the soft robot to perform complex behaviors that would otherwise require cmos-based electronics -- including coordinated locomotion with obstacle avoidance payload weight and orientation | classification | physical computing | these embodied computers enable the soft robot to perform complex behaviors that would otherwise require cmos-based electronics -- including coordinated locomotion with obstacle avoidance payload weight and orientation classification and programmable operation based on logical rules |
this paper introduces a simple code-agnostic framework that reduces the worst-case complexity by a factor of n down to q k operations a highly desirable | reduction | integer programs | this paper introduces a simple code-agnostic framework that reduces the worst-case complexity by a factor of n down to q k operations a highly desirable reduction in practice |
this allows us to infer a dense turn-by-turn reward signal grounded in the expert s revealed strategy decomposing the intractable long-horizon problem into a series of supervised | learning | reinforcement learning | this allows us to infer a dense turn-by-turn reward signal grounded in the expert s revealed strategy decomposing the intractable long-horizon problem into a series of supervised learning tasks and training a policy to output a structured texttt action state_assessment tuple governing both textbf what to ask and crucia... |
we study two-stage bipartite matching in which the edges of a | bipartite | bipartite graphs | we study two-stage bipartite matching in which the edges of a bipartite graph on vertices b_1 cup b_2 i are revealed in two batches |
the difference-in-differences did research design is a key identification strategy which allows researchers to estimate | causal | causal effects | the difference-in-differences did research design is a key identification strategy which allows researchers to estimate causal effects under the parallel trends assumption |
while dob-based designs have shown effectiveness in rejecting | disturbances | disturbance observer | while dob-based designs have shown effectiveness in rejecting disturbances under nominal conditions their performance deteriorates considerably in the presence of unknown time delays |
our model uniquely utilizes a quantum-enhanced generator that outputs parameters mean and log-variance of a gaussian distribution via reparameterization combined with a | wasserstein | generative models | our model uniquely utilizes a quantum-enhanced generator that outputs parameters mean and log-variance of a gaussian distribution via reparameterization combined with a wasserstein critic to stabilize adversarial training |
flexible tactile sensors are increasingly used in real-world applications such as robotic grippers prosthetic hands wearable gloves and assistive devices where they need to conform to | curved | tactile sensors | flexible tactile sensors are increasingly used in real-world applications such as robotic grippers prosthetic hands wearable gloves and assistive devices where they need to conform to curved and irregular surfaces |
we develop an online algorithm and prove that it achieves a | competitive | online algorithm | we develop an online algorithm and prove that it achieves a competitive ratio of max 2 min gamma 3 where gamma is the max min storage cost ratio among all servers |
a three-dimensional reconstruction of the | interstellar | star formation | a three-dimensional reconstruction of the interstellar magnetic field toward a star-forming region |
maps converts attribution maps into explanation-masked images emis and compares image-by-image human accuracies on these minimal | images | higher-order visual | maps converts attribution maps into explanation-masked images emis and compares image-by-image human accuracies on these minimal images with limited pixel budgets with accuracies on the full stimuli |
theoretical properties including bounds on bias estimation errors and improvements in prediction | accuracy | predictive performance | theoretical properties including bounds on bias estimation errors and improvements in prediction accuracy are provided |
bnlf performs late fusion by modelling the | sentiment | large language models llms | bnlf performs late fusion by modelling the sentiment predictions from multiple llms as probabilistic nodes within a bayesian network |
finally we outline open problems in the field and present a roadmap for integrating tf-qkd into scalable quantum | networks | quantum channels | finally we outline open problems in the field and present a roadmap for integrating tf-qkd into scalable quantum networks underscoring its central role in the future quantum internet |
2024 develops riesz regression for automatic debiased machine learning which directly estimates the | riesz | riesz regression | 2024 develops riesz regression for automatic debiased machine learning which directly estimates the riesz representer or equivalently the bias-correction term by minimizing the mean squared error |
based on the similarity transformations of these cooperative geometric primitives we derive an abstraction of complex | robotic | robotic systems | based on the similarity transformations of these cooperative geometric primitives we derive an abstraction of complex robotic systems that enables representing these systems in a way that directly corresponds to single-arm systems |
we then analyze the representation power of the abstraction and give | provable | representation learning | we then analyze the representation power of the abstraction and give provable learning guarantees |
at each time step each individual produces a large | number | basic reproduction | at each time step each individual produces a large number of offspring that inherit the fitness of their parents up to independent and identically distributed fluctuations |
braincognizer brain decoding with human visual | cognition | human brain | braincognizer brain decoding with human visual cognition simulation for fmri-to-image reconstruction |
our findings suggest the smc has a higher production of eu with respect to the alpha -elements than the milky | way | galactic nuclei | our findings suggest the smc has a higher production of eu with respect to the alpha -elements than the milky way but in line with what observed in other dwarf systems within the local group |
using photoionisation models from the photodissociation region toolbox we quantify the | ism | dwarf galaxies | using photoionisation models from the photodissociation region toolbox we quantify the ism conditions in the different regions determining that the southern star-forming regions have a high density n_h sim 10 5 cm -3 and are irradiated by a moderate uv radiation field g_0 sim 10 3 habing |
to realize this vision we introduce asynchronous thinking asyncthink as a new paradigm of reasoning with large language models which organizes the internal | thinking | reasoning curriculum | to realize this vision we introduce asynchronous thinking asyncthink as a new paradigm of reasoning with large language models which organizes the internal thinking process into concurrently executable structures |
notably our algorithm can be viewed as an optimized | diffusion | diffusion models | notably our algorithm can be viewed as an optimized diffusion process and can be integrated into existing methods to further improve their performance |
since the organ of biological cognition is the nervous system whether biological | cognition | surrogate brain | since the organ of biological cognition is the nervous system whether biological cognition relies on a lot depends on how neural hardware works |
vacuum decay posits that the universe s apparent | vacuum | vacuum metastable | vacuum decay posits that the universe s apparent vacuum is metastable and could transition to a lower-energy state |
here we harness these capabilities in twisted bilayer moire | photonic | photonic crystal | here we harness these capabilities in twisted bilayer moire photonic crystals tbmpcs to realize vortex array generation with tunable oam demonstrated both analytically and experimentally |
at low redshift massive quiescent galaxies mqgs are most frequently found in massive rich galaxy | clusters | massive stars | at low redshift massive quiescent galaxies mqgs are most frequently found in massive rich galaxy clusters but at high redshift the trend is less clear |
the integration of large language models into intelligent tutoring systems pre-sents significant challenges in aligning with diverse and often conflicting values from | students | language models | the integration of large language models into intelligent tutoring systems pre-sents significant challenges in aligning with diverse and often conflicting values from students parents teachers and institutions |
potential old stellar populations may be necessary to account for the derived | metallicity | stellar mass function | potential old stellar populations may be necessary to account for the derived metallicity of sim0 |
the current best quantum algorithm has the query complexity o n 7 4 which is an improvement over the trivial bound o | n | open quantum | the current best quantum algorithm has the query complexity o n 7 4 which is an improvement over the trivial bound o n 2 |
the infonce objective originally introduced for contrastive | representation | representation learning | the infonce objective originally introduced for contrastive representation learning has become a popular choice for mutual information mi estimation despite its indirect connection to mi |
however traditional one-dimensional opinion models -- assuming support for one party equals opposition to another -- fail to capture the nuanced dynamics of swing | voters | swing voters | however traditional one-dimensional opinion models -- assuming support for one party equals opposition to another -- fail to capture the nuanced dynamics of swing voters including neutrals left leaners and right leaners who are critical for the final election outcomes |
graph-theoretical analyses were applied to functional | connectivity | functional connectivity | graph-theoretical analyses were applied to functional connectivity matrices and clustered based on graph similarity |
in recent work it has been shown that this random return can be well approximated by a finite number of random variables which we call truncated | random | truncated random | in recent work it has been shown that this random return can be well approximated by a finite number of random variables which we call truncated random return |
the simulations include detailed modeling of star formation | chemical | star clusters | the simulations include detailed modeling of star formation chemical enrichment and supernova feedback using the textsc celib and textsc grackle libraries achieving baryonic resolutions of sim2 times10 3 m_ odot |
in single-objective optimization the point convergence problem of nesterov s accelerated | gradient | accelerated gradient | in single-objective optimization the point convergence problem of nesterov s accelerated gradient method at the critical damping parameter alpha 3 has recently been resolved |
current steering methods such as vector addition and directional ablation are constrained within a two-dimensional subspace defined by the activation and | feature | angular steering | current steering methods such as vector addition and directional ablation are constrained within a two-dimensional subspace defined by the activation and feature direction making them sensitive to chosen parameters and potentially affecting unrelated features due to unintended interactions in activation space |
we detail the design of a large language model | llm | language models | we detail the design of a large language model llm -driven instructor agent and introduce a pedagogical framework that integrates the instructor agent into the course workflow for actively interacting with the students for content delivery supplemented by the human instructor to offer the course structure and undertake... |
unlike a passive ris where the reflected signal suffers from multiplicative path loss an active | ris | active ris | unlike a passive ris where the reflected signal suffers from multiplicative path loss an active ris amplifies the signal improving its practicality in real deployments |
5 cdot w 4 cdot n m -time algorithm for pmwed under the assumption that the weight function is a metric with integer values between 0 and | w | -time algorithm | 5 cdot w 4 cdot n m -time algorithm for pmwed under the assumption that the weight function is a metric with integer values between 0 and w and c an tilde o n k 4 cdot n m -time algorithm for pmwed for the case of arbitrary weights |
to realize this vision we introduce asynchronous thinking asyncthink as a new paradigm of | reasoning | reasoning capabilities | to realize this vision we introduce asynchronous thinking asyncthink as a new paradigm of reasoning with large language models which organizes the internal thinking process into concurrently executable structures |
because it is chemically inert it has never been considered in astrochemical models that studied | molecular | molecular gas | because it is chemically inert it has never been considered in astrochemical models that studied molecular evolution |
the ability to continually learn retain and deploy skills to accomplish goals is a key feature of | intelligent | cognitive science | the ability to continually learn retain and deploy skills to accomplish goals is a key feature of intelligent and efficient behavior |
semantic category features of visual stimuli from | population | receptive fields | semantic category features of visual stimuli from population activity with reconstructions preserving key perceptual attributes as quantified by feature-based similarity metrics |
existing causal discovery methods allow enforcing structural constraints for example requiring a causal path from pip3 to akt but they may still produce incorrect | causal | interventional constraints | existing causal discovery methods allow enforcing structural constraints for example requiring a causal path from pip3 to akt but they may still produce incorrect causal conclusions such as learning that pip3 inhibits akt |
results demonstrate that icpo consistently enhances | reinforcement | policy learning | results demonstrate that icpo consistently enhances reinforcement learning performance and training stability on mathematical reasoning benchmarks revealing a scalable and effective rlvr paradigm for lrms |
we describe how weak phase modulations applied to classical | coherent | optical communication | we describe how weak phase modulations applied to classical coherent light in specially modified linear interferometers can be used to perform primitive computational tasks |
large language models llms have significantly advanced generative | applications | llm inference | large language models llms have significantly advanced generative applications in natural language processing nlp |
tight lower bounds for central string queries in | compressed | query complexity | tight lower bounds for central string queries in compressed space |
using network gradients it is possible to identify regions where the | network | neural network | using network gradients it is possible to identify regions where the network pays attention during image recognition tasks |
our results indicate that although llms generally adhere to valid reasoning patterns they exhibit notable inconsistencies in specific types of | normative | reasoning curriculum | our results indicate that although llms generally adhere to valid reasoning patterns they exhibit notable inconsistencies in specific types of normative reasoning and display cognitive biases similar to those observed in psychological studies of human reasoning |
the dc conductivity results reveal a two orders of magnitude enhancement of ionic | conductivity | heat conduction | the dc conductivity results reveal a two orders of magnitude enhancement of ionic conductivity from 3 |
this is formulated as a bilevel optimization problem the inner optimization solves the qp under a given projection using a | qp | bilevel optimization | this is formulated as a bilevel optimization problem the inner optimization solves the qp under a given projection using a qp solver while the outer optimization updates the model parameters |
emission-line diagnostics suggest stellar populations as the | primary | emission line | emission-line diagnostics suggest stellar populations as the primary ionizing source although an agn fraction of 14 is found |
however in recent years with the rise of generative ai especially large | language | large language | however in recent years with the rise of generative ai especially large language models llm and particularly with the widespread popularity of the chatgpt model that concern became practical |
we derived the formalism for arbitrary observed orientation of the galaxy cgm model and quasar | line | milky way | we derived the formalism for arbitrary observed orientation of the galaxy cgm model and quasar line of sight positioning |
in this paper we address this challenge by developing a novel framework based on gaussian process regression gpr that predicts full | csi | csi dataset | in this paper we address this challenge by developing a novel framework based on gaussian process regression gpr that predicts full csi from only a few observed entries thereby reducing pilot overhead |
this paper presents a decentralized control barrier function cbf based approach for highway merging of connected and | automated | collision avoidance | this paper presents a decentralized control barrier function cbf based approach for highway merging of connected and automated vehicles cavs |
when conditional exchangeability was violated | causal | causal effect | when conditional exchangeability was violated causal forest and x-learner models failed to recover true treatment effect heterogeneity and in some cases falsely indicated heterogeneity when there was none |
here we present mobilitygen a deep generative model that produces realistic | mobility | traffic dynamics | here we present mobilitygen a deep generative model that produces realistic mobility trajectories spanning days to weeks at large spatial scales |
for p infty we establish a hardness of tilde omega log 2 n improving upon the previous tilde | omega | omega log | for p infty we establish a hardness of tilde omega log 2 n improving upon the previous tilde omega log n hardness result |
various dynamical diagnostics - including galaxy pairwise separations velocity dispersions and the offset of the first-ranked galaxy from the group barycentre | - | massive galaxies | various dynamical diagnostics - including galaxy pairwise separations velocity dispersions and the offset of the first-ranked galaxy from the group barycentre - indicate that single-bgg groups evolve more rapidly towards virialisation than double- and especially non-bgg systems |
here we address this shortcoming by using dynamical mean-field theory to integrate ecology into classical population | genetics | population genetics | here we address this shortcoming by using dynamical mean-field theory to integrate ecology into classical population genetics models |
brain decoding is a key neuroscience field that reconstructs the visual stimuli from brain activity with | fmri | brain regions | brain decoding is a key neuroscience field that reconstructs the visual stimuli from brain activity with fmri which helps illuminate how the brain represents the world |
for the latter we discover a nonstandard rate of n 1 4 log n -3 8 with a heavy-tailed stable | limit | central limit theorem | for the latter we discover a nonstandard rate of n 1 4 log n -3 8 with a heavy-tailed stable limit distribution |
in nonlinear optics and plasma physics the use of structured | pulses | pulsed laser | in nonlinear optics and plasma physics the use of structured pulses typically follows a forward design approach in which the efficacy of a known structure is analyzed for a particular application |
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