Datasets:

electricsheepafrica
/

maternal-mortality-pph

id int64	maternal_age int64	parity int64	gravidity int64	education string	marital_status string	urban int64	anc_visits int64	anc_4plus int64	antenatal_anaemia int64	hb_at_delivery float64	previous_caesarean int64	previous_pph int64	multiple_pregnancy int64	pre_eclampsia int64	hiv_positive int64	malaria_in_pregnancy int64	gestational_age int64	skilled_birth_attendant int64	birth_attendant_type string	place_of_delivery string	mode_of_delivery string	labour_duration_hours int64	prolonged_labour int64	obstructed_labour int64	amtsl_given int64	oxytocin_prophylaxis int64	misoprostol_given int64	pph int64	pph_cause string	estimated_blood_loss_ml int64	severe_pph int64	puerperal_sepsis int64	uterine_rupture int64	uterotonics_treatment int64	uterine_massage int64	manual_placenta_removal int64	blood_transfusion int64	referral_needed int64	referral_completed int64	referral_delay_hours int64	cause_of_death string	hospital_days int64
1	28	5	6	secondary	married	0	4	1	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	37	1	midwife	home	svd	11	0	0	1	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	1
2	29	1	1	tertiary	married	0	1	0	1	8.3	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	0	none	hospital	svd	4	0	0	1	1	0	1	retained_placenta	1,289	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	alive	8
3	24	5	6	primary	married	1	2	0	1	8.2	0	0	0	0	0	0	38	1	doctor	hospital	svd	3	0	0	1	1	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	2
4	29	4	5	primary	married	0	0	0	1	6.5	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	1	midwife	hospital	assisted	3	0	0	1	1	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	4
5	28	0	0	secondary	married	0	0	0	0	11.3	0	0	0	0	0	0	37	1	midwife	health_centre	svd	45	1	0	0	0	0	1	uterine_atony	671	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	alive	2
6	24	1	1	secondary	single	1	10	1	1	7.8	0	0	0	0	0	0	36	1	doctor	hospital	svd	4	0	0	1	0	1	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	1
7	24	2	3	secondary	single	0	3	0	0	9.4	0	0	0	0	0	0	42	0	tba	hospital	svd	29	1	1	1	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	9	alive	3
8	19	0	1	secondary	single	1	0	0	0	9.3	0	0	0	0	0	0	38	0	tba	health_centre	svd	5	0	0	1	1	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	6
9	18	10	10	none	single	0	1	0	0	8.4	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	1	midwife	hospital	svd	15	0	0	1	1	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	1
10	25	7	7	primary	married	1	0	0	1	8.8	1	0	0	0	0	0	39	0	tba	hospital	svd	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	1
11	34	0	2	none	single	0	6	1	0	10.4	0	0	0	0	0	0	39	0	tba	hospital	svd	9	0	0	1	1	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	3
12	25	1	1	primary	widowed	0	2	0	1	9.2	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	1	doctor	home	svd	10	0	0	1	0	1	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	2
13	36	2	2	tertiary	married	0	0	0	0	9	0	0	0	0	0	0	42	1	nurse	hospital	svd	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	1
14	28	6	6	primary	married	1	0	0	0	8.4	0	0	0	0	0	0	39	0	family_member	transit	svd	10	0	0	0	0	0	1	uterine_atony	2,074	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	2	alive	5
15	18	1	2	none	divorced	0	5	1	1	8.8	1	0	0	0	0	0	40	1	midwife	hospital	svd	51	1	1	0	0	0	1	retained_placenta	1,692	1	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	alive	2
16	18	0	1	secondary	divorced	0	0	0	0	10.7	0	0	0	0	0	1	37	0	tba	home	svd	14	0	0	1	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	3
17	29	6	6	primary	married	1	0	0	1	7.2	0	0	0	0	0	0	36	1	midwife	health_centre	svd	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	1
18	24	0	0	secondary	married	0	6	1	0	10.9	0	0	0	0	0	0	37	1	midwife	hospital	svd	2	0	0	1	1	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	1
19	15	10	10	none	married	1	2	0	0	13.6	0	0	0	0	0	0	38	1	midwife	hospital	svd	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	1
20	35	1	1	secondary	married	0	0	0	1	7.8	1	0	0	0	0	0	37	1	nurse	health_centre	svd	21	1	0	1	1	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	4
21	39	7	9	primary	single	1	0	0	1	9	0	0	0	0	1	0	40	1	doctor	hospital	svd	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	2
22	29	4	7	secondary	single	1	2	0	0	8.7	0	0	0	0	0	0	38	1	midwife	home	svd	24	1	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	5
23	23	6	7	none	married	1	0	0	0	7.9	0	0	0	0	1	0	41	0	tba	health_centre	svd	2	0	0	1	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	7
24	24	2	2	primary	single	1	0	0	1	6.3	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	1	nurse	health_centre	svd	5	0	0	1	1	0	1	uterine_atony	1,802	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	5	alive	15
25	23	3	3	secondary	married	1	1	0	1	12.1	0	0	0	0	0	0	37	0	none	home	svd	7	0	0	1	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	15
26	22	3	3	primary	married	1	0	0	1	8.4	1	0	0	0	0	0	38	1	nurse	hospital	svd	7	0	0	1	1	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	2
27	18	1	1	primary	widowed	1	6	1	0	10.1	1	0	0	1	0	1	35	1	midwife	health_centre	svd	41	1	1	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	4
28	20	1	1	secondary	married	0	3	0	1	9.5	0	0	1	0	1	0	36	1	doctor	hospital	svd	11	0	0	1	1	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	3
29	26	0	1	none	single	0	3	0	0	9.8	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	1	doctor	hospital	svd	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	1
30	33	2	3	primary	married	1	3	0	0	9.2	0	0	0	0	0	0	38	1	nurse	home	svd	28	1	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	2
31	29	0	0	tertiary	single	0	1	0	1	11.3	0	0	1	0	0	0	38	1	midwife	health_centre	svd	7	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	1
32	28	0	0	secondary	married	0	1	0	1	8.4	0	0	0	0	0	0	38	1	midwife	hospital	svd	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	2
33	26	5	5	tertiary	divorced	0	0	0	1	10.4	0	0	0	0	0	0	39	1	nurse	health_centre	svd	6	0	0	1	1	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	3
34	39	5	5	primary	single	1	2	0	0	9.1	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	1	nurse	home	svd	7	0	0	1	1	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	1
35	29	3	4	none	married	1	1	0	1	9.8	0	0	0	0	0	0	39	0	none	health_centre	svd	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	7
36	40	1	2	none	widowed	0	4	1	1	6.5	0	0	0	0	0	0	39	0	tba	health_centre	svd	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	1
37	29	0	0	secondary	single	0	1	0	0	11.3	0	0	0	0	0	0	39	1	midwife	home	svd	5	0	0	1	1	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	2
38	24	5	5	primary	married	0	6	1	1	7	0	0	0	0	0	0	39	1	doctor	transit	svd	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	2
39	29	0	1	secondary	married	0	2	0	1	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	37	0	none	transit	svd	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	4
40	29	2	3	primary	married	0	2	0	1	8.4	0	0	0	0	0	1	38	0	tba	hospital	svd	8	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	3
41	27	6	6	none	single	1	1	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	1	39	0	tba	health_centre	svd	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	3
42	34	2	3	secondary	married	0	0	0	0	11.7	0	0	0	1	1	0	38	1	doctor	home	svd	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	4
43	34	1	1	primary	single	0	6	1	1	7.7	0	0	0	0	0	0	39	0	tba	health_centre	svd	7	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	1
44	24	2	3	primary	married	0	7	1	1	8	0	0	0	0	0	0	37	1	midwife	health_centre	svd	16	0	0	0	0	0	1	uterine_atony	819	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	alive	2
45	33	8	8	none	married	1	5	1	1	6.9	0	0	0	0	0	0	37	1	midwife	hospital	svd	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	alive	4
46	19	4	4	secondary	married	0	0	0	0	11.1	0	0	0	0	0	0	39	1	doctor	hospital	svd	4	0	0	1	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	4
47	24	3	3	primary	married	0	3	0	0	8.9	0	0	0	0	0	0	39	1	doctor	health_centre	svd	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	4
48	24	0	0	none	married	0	0	0	0	6.7	0	0	0	0	1	0	36	0	tba	health_centre	svd	7	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	2
49	20	6	6	primary	married	0	4	1	0	6.3	0	0	0	0	0	0	37	1	midwife	home	svd	4	0	0	1	0	1	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	1
50	28	0	0	none	married	1	8	1	0	10.6	0	0	0	0	0	0	38	1	midwife	hospital	svd	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	6
51	19	0	0	secondary	married	0	4	1	0	9.6	0	0	0	1	0	0	38	1	nurse	hospital	svd	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	5
52	30	1	2	tertiary	single	0	2	0	1	5.9	0	0	0	0	0	0	41	1	midwife	hospital	caesarean	4	0	0	1	0	0	0	none	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	alive	2
53	31	2	2	secondary	married	0	2	0	0	11.9	0	0	0	0	0	0	38	1	midwife	hospital	svd	33	1	0	1	0	1	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	5
54	28	1	1	tertiary	married	0	1	0	1	6.4	0	0	0	0	0	0	37	1	nurse	health_centre	svd	9	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	2
55	22	1	1	secondary	married	0	7	1	1	5.8	0	0	0	0	0	0	43	0	tba	hospital	svd	7	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	alive	2
56	28	0	0	none	married	0	0	0	0	10.5	0	0	0	0	0	0	37	1	midwife	health_centre	svd	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	3
57	32	0	0	secondary	widowed	0	1	0	0	8.1	0	0	0	0	0	0	41	1	midwife	health_centre	svd	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	2
58	31	11	12	primary	married	1	3	0	0	7.3	0	0	0	0	1	0	38	0	family_member	hospital	svd	4	0	0	1	0	1	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	1
59	20	1	1	primary	married	0	2	0	1	6.3	0	1	0	0	1	0	38	0	tba	hospital	svd	9	0	0	1	1	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	2
60	29	1	1	tertiary	married	0	5	1	1	10.4	0	0	0	0	0	0	38	1	midwife	hospital	svd	12	0	0	1	1	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	1
61	27	1	1	tertiary	single	0	0	0	1	10.1	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	1	nurse	health_centre	svd	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	2
62	26	2	3	secondary	widowed	1	3	0	0	9.6	0	0	0	0	0	0	36	1	midwife	transit	svd	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	2
63	27	2	4	primary	married	0	3	0	1	6.2	0	0	0	1	0	0	39	1	nurse	hospital	svd	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	1
64	16	0	3	secondary	married	0	1	0	0	9.3	0	0	0	0	0	0	34	1	midwife	transit	assisted	7	0	0	1	1	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	1
65	38	0	0	secondary	married	0	5	1	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	36	1	doctor	hospital	svd	8	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	1
66	28	3	3	secondary	widowed	1	3	0	1	9.4	0	0	0	0	0	0	37	1	midwife	hospital	svd	5	0	0	1	0	1	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	3
67	37	4	4	primary	married	0	0	0	1	8.6	0	0	0	0	0	0	39	1	midwife	hospital	svd	33	1	0	1	1	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	3
68	29	2	2	secondary	married	0	1	0	0	11.4	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	0	family_member	health_centre	svd	10	0	0	1	1	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	7
69	21	1	3	primary	married	0	1	0	0	10.3	0	0	0	0	0	0	36	1	midwife	health_centre	svd	2	0	0	1	1	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	1
70	22	0	1	none	married	0	3	0	1	10	0	0	0	1	0	0	38	1	midwife	health_centre	svd	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	3
71	31	0	0	none	married	0	1	0	0	7.7	0	0	0	0	0	0	34	1	midwife	health_centre	svd	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	1
72	30	12	12	secondary	divorced	0	11	1	0	10.8	0	0	0	0	0	0	36	1	doctor	home	svd	10	0	0	1	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	2
73	21	0	0	secondary	married	0	0	0	0	8.1	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	1	midwife	hospital	svd	13	0	0	1	1	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	1
74	19	6	6	secondary	married	1	0	0	0	10.7	0	0	0	0	0	0	39	1	midwife	health_centre	svd	2	0	0	1	1	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	1
75	22	0	0	primary	married	1	0	0	0	10.3	0	0	0	0	0	0	38	0	none	hospital	svd	6	0	0	1	1	0	0	none	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	1
76	30	2	3	primary	married	1	1	0	1	8.5	0	0	0	0	0	0	38	0	tba	hospital	svd	5	0	0	1	0	1	0	none	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	2
77	24	1	4	primary	married	1	1	0	0	7.9	0	0	0	0	0	1	36	1	midwife	health_centre	svd	8	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	5
78	28	1	1	none	married	1	0	0	1	8	0	0	0	1	0	0	38	1	midwife	hospital	svd	2	0	0	1	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	6
79	28	3	4	primary	single	0	2	0	0	7.3	0	0	0	0	1	0	37	1	nurse	hospital	svd	5	0	0	1	1	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	6
80	27	0	0	primary	married	0	0	0	0	10.3	0	0	0	0	0	0	39	0	family_member	transit	svd	4	0	0	1	1	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	2
81	43	1	1	none	married	0	0	0	0	9.9	0	0	0	0	0	0	37	1	midwife	hospital	svd	9	0	0	1	0	1	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	3
82	21	5	6	none	single	1	3	0	1	9.4	0	0	0	0	0	0	39	1	midwife	hospital	svd	6	0	0	1	1	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	1
83	27	5	5	primary	single	0	0	0	0	9.6	0	0	0	0	0	0	41	1	doctor	hospital	svd	20	1	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	4
84	20	0	3	none	single	0	1	0	1	6.6	0	0	0	0	0	0	38	1	midwife	transit	svd	5	0	0	1	1	0	1	retained_placenta	565	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	2
85	19	0	0	primary	single	0	0	0	1	8.2	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	0	tba	hospital	svd	2	0	0	1	0	1	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	1
86	27	2	2	primary	married	0	2	0	0	7.6	0	0	0	0	0	1	43	0	tba	hospital	svd	17	0	0	1	1	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	4
87	34	0	1	none	married	0	3	0	0	9.6	0	0	0	0	0	0	41	1	midwife	hospital	svd	41	1	0	1	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	1
88	27	8	8	secondary	married	0	2	0	1	8.2	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	1	doctor	home	svd	7	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	3
89	21	2	3	primary	married	1	2	0	1	9.7	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	1	doctor	health_centre	svd	12	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	2
90	31	3	3	tertiary	married	1	2	0	0	8.3	1	0	0	0	0	0	39	1	doctor	health_centre	svd	6	0	0	1	1	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	1
91	18	4	4	primary	married	0	2	0	0	9.6	0	1	0	0	0	0	38	1	midwife	hospital	svd	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	2
92	28	0	0	secondary	married	0	0	0	0	13.9	0	0	0	0	0	0	37	1	nurse	transit	svd	10	0	0	1	1	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	9
93	26	0	0	none	married	0	1	0	0	9.3	0	0	0	0	0	0	39	1	doctor	health_centre	svd	17	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	1
94	27	3	3	none	married	0	0	0	1	7.4	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	1	midwife	hospital	svd	20	1	0	1	0	0	1	uterine_atony	1,600	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	alive	5
95	37	2	2	none	single	1	1	0	1	7.9	0	0	0	0	0	0	38	1	midwife	home	svd	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	1
96	26	0	0	secondary	married	0	2	0	0	9.3	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	0	none	home	svd	27	1	1	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	2
97	40	0	0	secondary	married	0	1	0	0	11.9	0	0	0	0	0	0	39	0	tba	home	svd	8	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	5
98	17	2	2	primary	married	1	0	0	0	9.9	0	0	0	0	0	1	36	1	doctor	health_centre	svd	11	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	1
99	22	3	3	none	married	1	2	0	1	7.3	0	0	0	0	0	0	41	1	midwife	home	svd	4	0	0	1	0	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	2
100	28	1	1	none	married	0	0	0	0	9.1	1	0	0	0	0	0	38	1	doctor	hospital	svd	19	1	1	1	1	0	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	alive	4

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Maternal Mortality & Postpartum Haemorrhage Dataset

Abstract

This dataset provides 30,000 simulated obstetric records (10,000 per scenario) from sub-Saharan Africa. Each record contains 45+ variables including ANC, labour, delivery, PPH (cause, severity, blood loss), management (uterotonics, transfusion, surgery), referral, and maternal outcomes. Three settings: CEmONC (0.20% mortality), BEmONC (0.73%), and community birth (2.25%).

1. Introduction

Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH), defined as blood loss ≥500ml within 24 hours after birth, accounts for >20% of all maternal deaths globally (WHO 2023). SSA has a maternal mortality ratio of ~545/100,000 live births. The leading direct causes are haemorrhage (25-35%), eclampsia (15-20%), sepsis (10-15%), and obstructed labour (8-10%). Active management of the third stage of labour (AMTSL) with oxytocin reduces PPH by ~60%, yet coverage remains low outside facilities.

This dataset is entirely simulated. It must not be used for clinical decision-making.

2. Methodology

2.1 Parameterization

Parameter	Value	Source
PPH prevalence	8-13%	WHO 2023
PPH as cause of maternal death	25-35%	PubMed 2021
AMTSL reduces PPH	~60%	WHO 2023
MMR SSA	~545/100K	WHO/UNICEF 2020
Uterine atony causes 70% PPH	70%	WHO 2012
Substandard uterotonics	Common	BMJ 2024

2.2 Scenario Design

Scenario	SBA	AMTSL	Blood Bank	Mortality
CEmONC (tertiary)	95%	85%	Yes	0.20%
BEmONC (district)	80%	55%	Limited	0.73%
Community birth	20%	10%	No	2.25%

3. Schema

Column	Type	Description
id	int	Unique identifier
maternal_age	int	Mother's age
parity	int	Previous deliveries
anc_visits	int	ANC visit count
antenatal_anaemia	binary	Anaemia in pregnancy
hb_at_delivery	float	Haemoglobin at delivery
skilled_birth_attendant	binary	SBA present
place_of_delivery	categorical	hospital / health_centre / home / transit
mode_of_delivery	categorical	svd / assisted / caesarean
amtsl_given	binary	AMTSL performed
oxytocin_prophylaxis	binary	Oxytocin given
pph	binary	PPH (≥500ml)
severe_pph	binary	Severe PPH (≥1000ml)
pph_cause	categorical	uterine_atony / retained_placenta / genital_trauma / coagulopathy
estimated_blood_loss_ml	int	Blood loss in ml
eclampsia	binary	Eclampsia
puerperal_sepsis	binary	Puerperal sepsis
blood_transfusion	binary	Transfusion given
surgical_intervention	binary	Surgery performed
referral_needed	binary	Referral needed
referral_completed	binary	Referral completed
maternal_death	binary	Maternal death
cause_of_death	categorical	haemorrhage / eclampsia / sepsis / uterine_rupture
near_miss	binary	Maternal near miss

4. Validation

Validation Report

Key validation checks:

Mortality gradient: 0.20% → 0.73% → 2.25% ✓
PPH rate: 8-13% across scenarios ✓
Uterine atony: ~70% of PPH causes ✓
AMTSL + oxytocin reduces PPH ✓
Haemorrhage is #1 cause of death ✓
Referral gap: needed vs completed ✓

5. Usage

from datasets import load_dataset
dataset = load_dataset("electricsheepafrica/maternal-mortality-pph", "basic_emonc")
df = dataset["train"].to_pandas()

6. Limitations

Simulated: Not from real obstetric registries.
No continuous monitoring: No partograph data.
Simplified: No detailed surgical notes.
No indirect causes: Malaria/HIV as indirect causes simplified.
No neonatal outcomes: Focus on maternal only.

7. References

WHO (2023). Roadmap to combat PPH 2023-2030.
WHO/UNICEF (2020). Trends in maternal mortality 2000-2020.
NCBI (2021). PPH incidence Eastern Africa.
PubMed (2021). Causes of maternal mortality SSA.
PubMed (2022). Maternal mortality Africa regional trends.
BMJ (2024). Substandard uterotonics economic impact.
WHO (2012). AMTSL recommendations.

Citation

@dataset{esa_maternal_pph_2025,
  title={Maternal Mortality and Postpartum Haemorrhage Dataset},
  author={Electric Sheep Africa},
  year={2025},
  publisher={Hugging Face},
  url={https://huggingface.co/datasets/electricsheepafrica/maternal-mortality-pph}
}

License

CC-BY-4.0

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