Datasets:

electricsheepafrica
/

snakebite-envenomation

id int64	age_years int64	sex string	occupation string	bite_location string	activity_at_bite string	time_to_facility_hours float64	traditional_treatment_first int64	snake_species string	dry_bite int64	envenomation_syndrome string	severity string	local_swelling int64	local_necrosis int64	coagulopathy int64	inr_elevated int64	bleeding int64	neurotoxicity int64	ptosis int64	respiratory_failure int64	acute_kidney_injury int64	compartment_syndrome int64	antivenom_given int64	antivenom_vials int64	antivenom_reaction int64	wound_care int64	fasciotomy int64	blood_transfusion int64	amputation int64	antibiotics_given int64	outcome string	hospital_days int64
1	53	F	hunter	foot	other	11.3	0	echis_ocellatus	0	hemotoxic	severe	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	6	1	1	0	0	0	1	survived_full_recovery	16
2	67	F	trader	foot	walking	0.9	1	naja_nigricollis	0	mixed	moderate	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	survived_full_recovery	4
3	35	M	hunter	foot	farming	0.5	0	naja_nigricollis	0	neurotoxic	moderate	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	survived_full_recovery	5
4	31	M	farmer	foot	walking	5	0	causus_rhombeatus	0	cytotoxic	mild	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	survived_full_recovery	2
5	32	F	farmer	foot	farming	13.7	0	echis_ocellatus	0	hemotoxic	moderate	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	survived_full_recovery	3
6	55	M	farmer	foot	collecting_firewood	1.65	1	bitis_arietans	0	cytotoxic	severe	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	died	5
7	4	M	student	foot	farming	32.7	1	unknown_unidentified	0	cytotoxic	moderate	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	survived_full_recovery	4
8	38	M	farmer	ankle	walking	7.35	1	causus_rhombeatus	0	cytotoxic	moderate	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	survived_full_recovery	5
9	17	M	child	ankle	herding	4.35	1	unknown_unidentified	0	hemotoxic	mild	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	survived_full_recovery	1
10	37	M	trader	hand	walking	0.7	0	echis_ocellatus	0	hemotoxic	mild	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	survived_full_recovery	1
11	39	M	farmer	foot	farming	24.75	1	bitis_arietans	0	cytotoxic	mild	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	survived_full_recovery	2
12	38	M	herder	hand	other	8.4	0	echis_ocellatus	0	hemotoxic	mild	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	survived_full_recovery	2
13	8	M	child	hand	farming	15.7	0	causus_rhombeatus	0	cytotoxic	moderate	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	survived_full_recovery	7
14	8	M	child	foot	herding	5.85	1	unknown_unidentified	1	none	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	survived_full_recovery	2
15	2	M	student	foot	farming	12.9	0	bitis_arietans	0	cytotoxic	severe	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	9	1	1	0	0	0	1	died	2
16	42	F	farmer	hand	collecting_firewood	18.1	0	dendroaspis_polylepis	0	neurotoxic	mild	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	survived_full_recovery	1
17	10	M	child	foot	walking	12.3	1	bitis_arietans	0	cytotoxic	severe	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	survived_full_recovery	7
18	19	F	farmer	hand	collecting_firewood	0.5	0	echis_ocellatus	0	hemotoxic	severe	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	survived_full_recovery	9
19	15	M	child	foot	walking	4.7	0	bitis_arietans	0	hemotoxic	moderate	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	3	0	1	0	0	0	0	survived_full_recovery	6
20	66	F	farmer	ankle	farming	2.4	1	unknown_unidentified	0	cytotoxic	severe	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	survived_full_recovery	18
21	9	F	child	foot	walking	31.5	1	bitis_arietans	0	cytotoxic	moderate	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	survived_full_recovery	6
22	45	M	other	hand	sleeping	0.5	0	echis_ocellatus	0	hemotoxic	severe	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	4	0	1	0	0	0	1	survived_full_recovery	5
23	7	F	child	hand	herding	1.05	1	echis_ocellatus	0	cytotoxic	moderate	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	survived_full_recovery	6
24	74	M	hunter	foot	collecting_firewood	7.95	1	echis_ocellatus	1	none	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	survived_full_recovery	2
25	29	M	herder	foot	collecting_firewood	3.2	0	naja_nigricollis	0	mixed	mild	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	survived_full_recovery	2
26	39	M	farmer	lower_leg	farming	0.5	0	bitis_arietans	0	cytotoxic	moderate	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	survived_full_recovery	4
27	29	M	herder	hand	collecting_firewood	8.3	0	bitis_arietans	0	cytotoxic	severe	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	survived_with_sequelae	15
28	58	F	student	ankle	farming	27.3	1	bitis_arietans	0	mixed	severe	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	died	0
29	36	M	trader	ankle	walking	2.7	1	atractaspis_spp	1	none	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	survived_full_recovery	1
30	11	M	child	foot	farming	26.8	0	naja_nigricollis	0	neurotoxic	mild	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	survived_full_recovery	1
31	53	M	other	lower_leg	collecting_firewood	4.1	0	bitis_arietans	1	none	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	survived_full_recovery	2
32	72	M	farmer	foot	farming	33.2	0	bitis_arietans	0	cytotoxic	mild	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	survived_full_recovery	2
33	53	F	other	hand	collecting_firewood	0.9	0	bitis_arietans	0	hemotoxic	severe	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	9	1	1	0	0	0	1	survived_full_recovery	18
34	69	M	trader	foot	walking	9.4	0	causus_rhombeatus	1	none	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	survived_full_recovery	2
35	1	F	child	hand	collecting_firewood	4.4	0	echis_ocellatus	0	hemotoxic	severe	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	survived_full_recovery	13
36	66	M	herder	ankle	farming	16.8	1	echis_ocellatus	0	cytotoxic	severe	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	4	0	1	0	0	0	1	survived_with_sequelae	20
37	25	M	farmer	foot	farming	2.7	0	bitis_arietans	0	mixed	severe	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	1	survived_with_sequelae	7
38	10	F	child	ankle	walking	6.2	0	dendroaspis_polylepis	1	none	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	survived_full_recovery	2
39	4	F	child	ankle	farming	88.65	1	echis_ocellatus	1	none	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	survived_full_recovery	2
40	35	M	farmer	ankle	farming	20.25	1	bitis_arietans	0	cytotoxic	mild	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	survived_full_recovery	1
41	27	F	student	foot	farming	5.1	0	naja_nigricollis	0	cytotoxic	severe	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	6	1	0	0	0	0	1	survived_full_recovery	18
42	1	M	student	lower_leg	walking	60	1	causus_rhombeatus	0	cytotoxic	severe	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	died	3
43	35	M	farmer	ankle	farming	0.75	1	echis_ocellatus	1	none	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	survived_full_recovery	2
44	54	M	student	lower_leg	farming	2.1	0	echis_ocellatus	0	mixed	mild	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	survived_full_recovery	1
45	3	M	student	hand	herding	0.5	0	echis_ocellatus	0	hemotoxic	moderate	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	survived_full_recovery	7
46	5	F	child	ankle	farming	13.5	1	naja_nigricollis	1	none	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	survived_full_recovery	1
47	11	F	herder	foot	walking	14.9	0	bitis_arietans	0	hemotoxic	severe	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	6	1	0	0	0	0	1	survived_full_recovery	16
48	31	M	herder	ankle	sleeping	27.9	0	echis_ocellatus	0	hemotoxic	mild	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	survived_full_recovery	1
49	13	M	student	foot	walking	13.5	0	bitis_arietans	1	none	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	survived_full_recovery	2
50	12	F	herder	other	other	9.45	1	echis_ocellatus	0	hemotoxic	mild	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	survived_full_recovery	2
51	29	M	farmer	ankle	herding	35.1	1	unknown_unidentified	1	none	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	survived_full_recovery	2
52	4	F	student	ankle	walking	2.6	0	causus_rhombeatus	0	cytotoxic	moderate	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	survived_full_recovery	3
53	27	M	farmer	foot	farming	23.7	1	bitis_arietans	0	cytotoxic	mild	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	survived_full_recovery	2
54	29	M	other	hand	sleeping	14.55	1	unknown_unidentified	0	cytotoxic	moderate	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	survived_full_recovery	5
55	34	F	farmer	foot	walking	1.65	1	naja_nigricollis	0	mixed	moderate	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	survived_full_recovery	3
56	57	F	herder	hand	farming	6.3	1	naja_haje	0	neurotoxic	severe	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	survived_full_recovery	9
57	2	F	child	hand	farming	6.15	1	dendroaspis_polylepis	0	neurotoxic	severe	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	survived_full_recovery	17
58	38	M	hunter	ankle	other	9	0	echis_ocellatus	0	cytotoxic	moderate	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	survived_full_recovery	4
59	31	M	other	forearm	herding	7.5	0	dendroaspis_polylepis	0	neurotoxic	severe	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	survived_full_recovery	14
60	2	M	child	hand	farming	12.6	1	bitis_arietans	0	cytotoxic	mild	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	survived_full_recovery	2
61	42	M	student	hand	farming	25.8	1	bitis_arietans	0	cytotoxic	moderate	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	survived_full_recovery	3
62	25	M	farmer	hand	walking	3.4	0	causus_rhombeatus	0	cytotoxic	severe	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	survived_full_recovery	9
63	1	M	child	hand	farming	7.3	0	echis_ocellatus	1	none	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	survived_full_recovery	1
64	36	F	farmer	ankle	sleeping	3.6	0	bitis_arietans	0	cytotoxic	moderate	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	survived_full_recovery	2
65	43	M	other	foot	sleeping	15.6	1	causus_rhombeatus	0	cytotoxic	mild	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	survived_full_recovery	2
66	51	F	farmer	foot	sleeping	5.1	1	bitis_arietans	0	hemotoxic	moderate	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	died	0
67	64	M	farmer	forearm	walking	4	0	echis_ocellatus	0	hemotoxic	mild	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	1	survived_full_recovery	1
68	25	M	farmer	foot	sleeping	2.2	0	unknown_unidentified	1	none	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	survived_full_recovery	1
69	20	M	student	hand	herding	13.8	0	echis_ocellatus	0	hemotoxic	severe	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	died	5
70	6	M	student	foot	collecting_firewood	16.5	1	bitis_arietans	0	hemotoxic	severe	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	died	0
71	4	M	child	ankle	farming	17	0	echis_ocellatus	0	cytotoxic	moderate	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	died	4
72	40	M	farmer	hand	collecting_firewood	3.4	0	echis_ocellatus	0	hemotoxic	severe	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	survived_full_recovery	18
73	22	F	farmer	foot	herding	10.7	0	unknown_unidentified	0	cytotoxic	moderate	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	survived_with_sequelae	6
74	8	M	child	hand	farming	12	1	naja_nigricollis	1	none	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	survived_full_recovery	2
75	14	M	student	ankle	farming	23.1	0	dendroaspis_viridis	0	neurotoxic	moderate	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	survived_full_recovery	4
76	9	F	student	forearm	farming	21.7	0	echis_ocellatus	1	none	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	survived_full_recovery	2
77	21	F	herder	ankle	walking	1	0	bitis_arietans	1	none	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	survived_full_recovery	1
78	9	F	child	hand	other	6.5	0	echis_ocellatus	0	hemotoxic	moderate	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	survived_full_recovery	3
79	4	M	child	ankle	collecting_firewood	8.4	1	echis_ocellatus	0	mixed	mild	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	survived_full_recovery	1
80	71	M	hunter	foot	herding	6.1	0	unknown_unidentified	0	cytotoxic	mild	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	survived_full_recovery	1
81	14	M	child	hand	walking	0.5	0	echis_ocellatus	0	hemotoxic	mild	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	survived_full_recovery	2
82	4	M	student	lower_leg	farming	16.3	0	atractaspis_spp	0	cytotoxic	severe	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	survived_full_recovery	17
83	73	M	farmer	hand	walking	13.8	0	echis_ocellatus	0	hemotoxic	mild	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	survived_full_recovery	1
84	70	F	trader	foot	walking	8.55	1	echis_ocellatus	0	hemotoxic	moderate	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	survived_full_recovery	3
85	23	M	herder	ankle	farming	15	1	echis_ocellatus	1	none	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	survived_full_recovery	2
86	24	M	trader	forearm	walking	4.6	0	unknown_unidentified	0	neurotoxic	severe	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	6	0	1	0	0	0	1	died	3
87	11	F	herder	forearm	collecting_firewood	7.8	0	echis_ocellatus	0	cytotoxic	moderate	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	4	1	0	0	0	0	1	survived_full_recovery	2
88	15	M	child	foot	collecting_firewood	3.2	0	dendroaspis_viridis	0	neurotoxic	severe	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	died	4
89	18	F	farmer	foot	walking	2.4	1	bitis_arietans	0	cytotoxic	mild	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	survived_full_recovery	2
90	52	F	farmer	ankle	collecting_firewood	6.1	0	naja_haje	1	none	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	survived_full_recovery	1
91	11	M	student	hand	collecting_firewood	36.9	1	echis_ocellatus	0	hemotoxic	severe	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	survived_with_sequelae	8
92	16	M	herder	ankle	sleeping	29.4	1	dendroaspis_polylepis	0	neurotoxic	moderate	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	died	6
93	23	M	herder	ankle	herding	16.5	1	naja_haje	0	neurotoxic	mild	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	survived_full_recovery	1
94	25	M	other	foot	walking	91.35	1	dendroaspis_polylepis	0	mixed	severe	1	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	1	8	1	1	0	0	1	0	died	6
95	64	F	farmer	lower_leg	herding	3.75	1	echis_ocellatus	0	cytotoxic	moderate	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	survived_full_recovery	6
96	76	M	herder	foot	other	19.6	0	bitis_arietans	1	none	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	survived_full_recovery	2
97	2	M	herder	foot	farming	15.6	0	dendroaspis_polylepis	0	mixed	moderate	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	survived_full_recovery	2
98	8	M	student	hand	collecting_firewood	11.7	0	bitis_arietans	0	hemotoxic	moderate	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	survived_full_recovery	6
99	9	M	child	foot	herding	17.8	0	bitis_arietans	0	hemotoxic	severe	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	survived_with_sequelae	8
100	30	M	farmer	foot	walking	31.9	0	echis_ocellatus	0	hemotoxic	severe	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	survived_full_recovery	7

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Snakebite Envenomation Dataset

Abstract

This dataset provides 30,000 synthetic snakebite records (10,000 per scenario) from sub-Saharan African health facilities. Each record contains 35 variables including snake species (9 taxa), envenomation syndrome (cytotoxic/hemotoxic/neurotoxic), severity grading, clinical features (swelling, coagulopathy, neurotoxicity, necrosis, AKI), antivenom treatment, surgical interventions, and outcomes. Three facility scenarios range from referral hospitals with antivenom (3.6% mortality) to rural health centres without antivenom (22.0% mortality), reflecting the devastating impact of the antivenom access gap.

1. Introduction

Snakebite envenomation causes ~315,000 envenomations and ~32,000 deaths annually in SSA (Chippaux, Toxicon 2011), with ~7,000 amputations. WHO classified snakebite as a category A neglected tropical disease in 2017. The most medically important genera include Echis (carpet vipers — coagulopathy), Bitis (puff adders — cytotoxicity), Naja (cobras — necrosis/neurotoxicity), and Dendroaspis (mambas — rapid neurotoxicity). Antivenom access meets <2% of need in SSA (Schioldann et al., PLoS NTD 2018), and mean time to treatment ranges from 6–24 hours.

This dataset is entirely synthetic. It must not be used for clinical decision-making.

2. Methodology

2.1 Epidemiological Parameterization

Parameter	Value	Source
SSA envenomations/year	~315,000	Chippaux, Toxicon 2011
SSA deaths/year	~32,000	Chippaux, 2011
Global deaths	81,000–138,000	Kasturiratne et al., PLoS Med 2008
Antivenom access (SSA)	<2% of need	Schioldann et al., PLoS NTD 2018
Dry bite rate	~20%	Warrell, Lancet 2010
Echis coagulopathy rate	70–80%	Habib et al., PLoS NTD 2015
Case fatality (with antivenom)	2–5%	Habib et al., 2015
Case fatality (without antivenom)	10–20%	Multiple SSA studies
Antivenom reaction rate	~15%	Gutierrez et al., Nat Rev 2017

2.2 Scenario Design

Scenario	Setting	Antivenom Access	Mean Time (hrs)	Mortality
Referral hospital	Tertiary, antivenom stock	70%	4.8	3.6%
District hospital	Intermittent supply	35%	9.4	10.1%
Rural health centre	No antivenom, referral needed	5%	18.9	22.0%

3. Schema

Column	Type	Description
id	int	Unique identifier
age_years	int	Patient age
sex	categorical	M / F
occupation	categorical	farmer / herder / hunter / trader / student / child / other
bite_location	categorical	foot / ankle / lower_leg / hand / forearm / other
activity_at_bite	categorical	farming / walking / sleeping / herding / collecting_firewood / other
time_to_facility_hours	float	Hours from bite to facility arrival
traditional_treatment_first	binary	Sought traditional healer before hospital
snake_species	categorical	9 taxa (Echis, Bitis, Naja, Dendroaspis, etc.)
dry_bite	binary	No envenomation
envenomation_syndrome	categorical	cytotoxic / hemotoxic / neurotoxic / mixed / cardiotoxic / none
severity	categorical	mild / moderate / severe / none
local_swelling	binary	Local tissue swelling
local_necrosis	binary	Tissue necrosis at bite site
coagulopathy	binary	Venom-induced consumption coagulopathy
inr_elevated	binary	Elevated INR
bleeding	binary	Clinical bleeding
neurotoxicity	binary	Neurotoxic signs
ptosis	binary	Drooping eyelids (neurotoxicity marker)
respiratory_failure	binary	Respiratory paralysis
acute_kidney_injury	binary	AKI
compartment_syndrome	binary	Compartment syndrome
antivenom_given	binary	Antivenom administered
antivenom_vials	int	Number of antivenom vials
antivenom_reaction	binary	Adverse reaction to antivenom
wound_care	binary	Wound care provided
fasciotomy	binary	Fasciotomy performed
blood_transfusion	binary	Blood transfusion given
mechanical_ventilation	binary	Mechanical ventilation
dialysis	binary	Dialysis for AKI
amputation	binary	Amputation required
antibiotics_given	binary	Antibiotics administered
outcome	categorical	survived_full_recovery / survived_with_sequelae / survived_with_disability / died
hospital_days	int	Length of hospital stay

4. Validation

Validation Report

Key validation checks:

Antivenom-mortality inverse: Referral 70% access/3.6% mortality vs rural 5%/22.0% ✓
Severity-mortality gradient: Mild ~2% → moderate ~10% → severe ~20% ✓
Species-syndrome concordance: Echis→hemotoxic, Bitis→cytotoxic, mamba→neurotoxic ✓
Male predominance: 65% male, consistent with agricultural risk ✓
Time to facility: Rural 19 hrs >> referral 5 hrs ✓

5. Usage

from datasets import load_dataset
dataset = load_dataset("electricsheepafrica/snakebite-envenomation", "district_hospital")
df = dataset["train"].to_pandas()

python generate_dataset.py --all-scenarios --n 10000 --seed 42

6. Limitations

Synthetic: Not derived from real clinical records.
No venom assays: No venom levels or specific venom component data.
Simplified species ID: Real-world species identification often uncertain.
No coagulation kinetics: No serial INR/PT/APTT trajectories.
No wound photographs: Clinical features are categorical, not visual.
No seasonal variation: Bite incidence does not vary by season/rainfall.

7. References

Chippaux JP (2011). Estimate of the burden of snakebites in SSA. Toxicon, 57(4):586–599.
WHO (2019). Snakebite envenoming: a strategy for prevention and control.
Habib AG, et al. (2015). Echis ocellatus envenoming in Nigeria. PLoS NTD, 9(1):e3479.
Warrell DA (2010). Snake bite. Lancet, 375(9708):77–88.
Harrison RA, et al. (2009). Snakebite: disease of poverty. PLoS NTD, 3(12):e569.
Kasturiratne A, et al. (2008). Global burden of snakebite. PLoS Med, 5(11):e218.
Gutierrez JM, et al. (2017). Snakebite envenoming. Nat Rev Dis Primers, 3:17063.
Schioldann E, et al. (2018). Antivenom availability in SSA. PLoS NTD, 12(12):e0006828.

Citation

@dataset{esa_snakebite_2025,
  title={Snakebite Envenomation Dataset},
  author={Electric Sheep Africa},
  year={2025},
  publisher={Hugging Face},
  url={https://huggingface.co/datasets/electricsheepafrica/snakebite-envenomation}
}

License

CC-BY-4.0

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