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[ "By superficial appearance , Old World monkeys are unlike apes in that most have tails ( the family name means `` tailed ape '' ) , and unlike the New World monkeys ( platyrrhines ) in that their tails are never prehensile .", "By appearance , Old World monkeys are unlike apes in that most have tails ( the family...
[ "Radar signals passing near a massive object take slightly longer to travel to a target and longer to return than they would if the mass of the object were not present .", "Radar signals passing near a massive object take slightly longer to travel to a target and longer to return than it would if the mass of the ...
[ "The time delay effect was first noticed in 1964 , by Irwin Shapiro .", "The time delay effect was first noticed in 1964 , by Irwin I. Shapiro ." ]
[ "The battle , dubbed `` Little Stalingrad '' for the deadliness of its close-quarters combat , took place in the small Adriatic Sea town of Ortona , with its peacetime population of 10,000 .", "The battle took place in the Adriatic Sea town of Ortona , with a population of 10,000 ." ]
[ "After six days of combat , 2nd Brigade 's third battalion , Princess Patricia 's Canadian Light Infantry , joined the battle together with tanks from 1st Canadian Armoured Brigade 's Three Rivers Regiment .", "After six days fighting , 2nd Brigade 's third battalion , Princess Patricia 's Canadian Light Infantry...
[ "These soldiers were battle-hardened after many years of war , and were ordered by Adolf Hitler to defend Ortona at any cost .", "Adolf Hitler ordered them to defend Ortona ." ]
[ "The Canadians faced elements of the renowned German 1st Parachute Division .", "The Canadians had to battle the German 1st Parachute Division ." ]
[ "The Battle of Ortona ( 20-28 December 1943 ) was a small , yet extremely fierce , battle fought between a battalion of German Fallschirmjäger ( paratroops ) from the German 1st Parachute Division under Generalleutnant Richard Heidrich , and assaulting Canadian forces from the Canadian 1st Infantry Division under M...
[ "On 28 December , after eight days of fighting , the depleted German troops-who lacked reinforcements-finally withdrew from the town .", "On 28 December , after eight days of fighting , the Germans withdrew from the town ." ]
[ "Ortona was of high strategic importance , as it was one of Italy 's few usable deep water ports on the east coast , and was needed for docking allied ships and so shorten Eighth Army 's lines of supply which at the time stretched back to Bari and Taranto .", "Ortona was one of Italy 's few deep water ports on th...
[ "It was the culmination of the fighting on the Adriatic front in Italy during `` Bloody December '' .", "It was part of the fighting on the Adriatic area in Italy ." ]
[ "He held the title Commander of the Faithful of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan , which was recognized by only three nations : Pakistan , Saudi Arabia , and the United Arab Emirates .", "He held the title Commander of the Faithful from the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan ." ]
[ "He was Afghanistan 's de facto 11th head of state from 1996 to late 2001 , under the official title `` Head of the Supreme Council '' .", "Between 1996 and 2001 , he was Afghanistan 's de facto head of state ." ]
[ "Mullah Mohammed Omar ( Pashto : ملا محمد عمر , Mullā Muḥammad ` Umar ; born c. 1959 ) , often simply called Mullah Omar , is the spiritual leader of the Taliban .", "Mullah Mohammed Omar ( Pashto : ملا محمد عمر ) is the leader of the Taliban in Afghanistan ." ]
[ "Despite his political rank and his high status on the Rewards for Justice most wanted list , not much is publicly known about him .", "Despite his political rank , and his high status on the FBI 's wanted list , not much is publicly known about Omar ." ]
[ "He took part in other sports : he was a champion 440-yard hurdler as a young man and also played football for the Wanderers .", "He took part in other sports : as a young man he was a champion 440 yard hurdler , and also played football for the Wanderers ." ]
[ "Grace scored only 4 and 32 but he has been held responsible for `` firing up '' Spofforth .", "Grace scored only 4 and 32 , and he was held responsible for `` firing up '' Spofforth ." ]
[ "Usually opening the innings , he was particularly admired for his mastery of all strokes , and his level of expertise was said by contemporary reviewers to be unique .", "Usually opening the innings , he was admired for his mastery of all strokes : his level of expertise was said by contemporary reviewers to be ...
[ "Because of his medical profession , he was nominally an amateur cricketer but he is said to have made more money from his cricketing activities than any professional cricketer .", "Because of his medical profession , he was nominally an amateur cricketer but he is said to have made more money from cricket than a...
[ "He generally captained the teams he played for at all levels because of his skill and tactical acumen .", "He generally captained the teams he played for at all levels because of his skill and tactical know-how , and his dominant personality ." ]
[ "He played for England in 22 Tests through the 1880s and 1890s , all of them against Australia , and was an automatic selection for England at home , but his only Test-playing tour of Australia was that of 1891-92 .", "He was an automatic selection for England at home , but his only Test-playing tour of Australia...
[ "He was an extremely competitive player and , although he was one of the most famous men in England , he was also one of the most controversial on account of his gamesmanship and moneymaking .", "Although he was one of the most famous men in England , he was also one of the most controversial on account of his ga...
[ "His technical innovations and enormous influence left a lasting legacy .", "His technical innovations and enormous influence had a lasting effect ." ]
[ "Universally known as `` W. G. '' , he played first-class cricket for a record-equalling 44 seasons , from 1865 to 1908 , during which he captained England , Gloucestershire , the Gentlemen , Marylebone Cricket Club ( MCC ) , the United South of England Eleven ( USEE ) and several other teams .", "He played first...
[ "Although the early matches were recognized retrospectively , Test cricket began in 1877 when Grace was already 28 and he made his debut in 1880 , scoring England 's first-ever Test century against Australia .", "Test cricket began in 1877 , when Grace was already 28 ." ]
[ "An outstanding all-rounder , he excelled at all the essential skills of batting , bowling and fielding , but it is for his batting that he is most renowned .", "It is for his batting that he is most renowned ." ]
[ "Thanks to Spofforth who took 14 wickets in the match , Australia won by 7 runs and the legend of The Ashes was born immediately afterwards .", "Thanks to Spofforth , the ` demon bowler ' , who took 14 wickets in the match , Australia won by 7 runs and the legend of The Ashes was born ." ]
[ "This came about through a typical piece of gamesmanship by Grace when he effected an unsporting , albeit legal , run out of Sammy Jones .", "This came about through a piece of gamesmanship by Grace when he made an unsporting , but legal , run out of one of the Australian batsmen ." ]
[ "He came from a cricketing family : the appearance in 1880 of W. G. with E. M. Grace , one of his elder brothers , and Fred Grace , his younger brother , was the first time three brothers played together in Test cricket .", "In 1880 W.G. with E.M. Grace , one of his elder brothers , and Fred Grace , his younger b...
[ "But Grace was approached by both Oxford University Cricket Club and Cambridge University Cricket Club .", "He came from a cricketing family ." ]
[ "It was discovered by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard et al. in 2000 , and given the temporary designation S\\/2000 J 4 .", "It was found by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard et al. in 2000 , and given the designation S\\/2000...
[ "Erinome is about 3.2 kilometres in diameter , and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 22,986 Mm in 711.965 days , at an inclination of 164 ° to the ecliptic ( 162 ° to Jupiter 's equator ) , in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.2552 .", "Erinome is about 3.2 kilometres in diameter , and o...
[ "Erinome belongs to the Carme group , made up of irregular retrograde moons orbiting Jupiter at a distance ranging between 23 and 24 Gm and at an inclination of about 165 ° .", "Erinome belongs to the Carme group , made up of non-spherical retrograde moons orbiting Jupiter at a distance ranging between 23,000,000...
[ "Aqua Teen Hunger Force Colon Movie Film for Theaters is an American flash animated semi-canonical comedy film based on the Adult Swim animated series Aqua Teen Hunger Force .", "Aqua Teen Hunger Force Colon Movie Film for Theaters is a animated movie based on the Adult Swim program Aqua Teen Hunger Force ." ]
[ "The film was written and directed by the show 's creators , Matt Maiellaro and Dave Willis , and was released on April 13 , 2007 by First Look Pictures .", "The movie was written and directed by the show 's creators Dave Willis and Matt Maiellaro ." ]
[ "Clare Hall is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge , England .", "Clare Hall is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge , England ." ]
[ "The Five Families are the five original Italian American Mafia crime families of New York City which have dominated organized crime in the United States since 1931 .", "The Five Families are the five major Italian-American Mafia crime families which have controlled organized crime in New York City since the 1930...
[ "There was one series per year , with the first four series presented by Richard O'Brien and the final two by Ed Tudor-Pole .", "It was presented by Richard O'Brien from series 1 to 4 and Ed Tudor-Pole in series 5 and 6 ." ]
[ "Each crystal gives the team five seconds of time inside `` The Crystal Dome '' , the centrepiece of the maze where the contestants take part in their final challenge .", "Each crystal gives them five seconds in the Crystal Dome ." ]
[ "Originally Chatsworth Television intended to make a British version of the French show Fort Boyard .", "It was made by Chadsworth Television as an English version of the French show Fort Boyard ." ]
[ "The Crystal Maze was a British game show , produced by Chatsworth Television and shown on Channel 4 in the United Kingdom between 15 February 1990 and 10 August 1995 .", "The Crystal Maze is a British game show which ran from 1990-1995 ." ]
[ "At its center was the Crystal Dome , a giant geometric acrylic glass ` crystal ' where the teams play their final challenge after playing games in each of the four zones .", "The Crystal Dome is a large glass crystal where the players must go in at the end ." ]
[ "A team of six contestants take part in a series of challenges in order to win `` time crystals '' .", "A team of six players completed challenges to win crystals ." ]
[ "He also controversially ordered Pakistan 's first nuclear tests in response to neighbouring India 's second nuclear tests .", "During his second term , he notably ordered Pakistan 's first nuclear tests in response to India 's nuclear tests ." ]
[ "Sharif is the president of Pakistan Muslim League ( N ) , which is currently Pakistan 's largest political party , and has formed the government .", "He leads the political party , Pakistan Muslim League ( N ) ." ]
[ "On 9 April 1985 , he was sworn-in as Chief Minister of Punjab .", "He was Chief Minister of Punjab from 1985 to 1990 ." ]
[ "South-West Africa ( Afrikaans : Suidwes-Afrika ; Dutch : Zuidwest-Afrika ; German : Südwestafrika ) was the name for modern-day Namibia when it was ruled by the German Empire and later South Africa .", "South-West Africa ( Afrikaans : Suidwes-Afrika ; Dutch : Zuidwest-Afrika ; German : Südwestafrika ) was the na...
[ "The main port , Walvis Bay , and the Penguin islands were annexed by Britain as part of the Cape Colony in 1878 , and became part of the Union of South Africa in 1910 .", "The main port city , Walvis Bay , and the Penguin Islands were annexed by Great Britain in 1878 as a part of the Cape Colony , which became a...
[ "In 1915 , during South-West Africa Campaign of the First World War , South Africa captured the German colony .", "In 1915 , South Africa captured the German colony ." ]
[ "The Mandate was supposed to become a United Nations Trust Territory when League of Nations Mandates were transferred to the United Nations following the Second World War .", "The Mandate was supposed to become a Trust Territory when the League of Nations Mandates were transferred to the control of the UN ." ]
[ "The Union of South Africa objected to South-West Africa coming under UN control and refused to allow the territory 's transition to independence , regarding it as a fifth province ( even though it was never formally incorporated into South Africa ) .", "However , South Africa refused , regarding the territory as...
[ "The territory became the independent Republic of Namibia on 21 March 1990 , although Walvis Bay and the Penguin Islands only assimilated into Namibia in 1994 .", "However , Walvis Bay and the Penguin Islands only became a part of Namibia in 1994 ." ]
[ "After the war , it was declared a League of Nations Mandate territory under the Treaty of Versailles , with the Union of South Africa responsible for the administration of South-West Africa , including Walvis Bay .", "It became a League of Nations Mandate territory , with the Union of South Africa administering ...
[ "Floods can also occur in rivers when the flow rate exceeds the capacity of the river channel , particularly at bends or meanders in the waterway .", "Floods can also occur in rivers , when the strength of the river is so high it flows out of the river channel , particularly at bends or meanders and causes damage...
[ "The Book of Esther is a book in the Ketuvim ( `` writings '' ) , the third section of the Jewish Tanakh ( the Hebrew Bible ) and is part of the Christian Old Testament .", "Esther is the name of a book in the Tanakh ( the Hebrew Bible ) and the Old Testament , and also its title heroine ." ]
[ "Bryan Adams was the self-titled debut solo album by Canadian rock singer Bryan Adams released in February 1980 on A&M Records .", "Bryan Adams is the first album by Canadian rock singer Bryan Adams ." ]
[ "The first single was `` Hidin ' from Love '' in 1980 ( # 43 on the Billboard dance charts ) which was followed up by `` Give Me Your Love '' and `` Remember '' .", "The first single was `` Hidin ' from Love '' in 1980 ( # 43 on the Billboard dance charts ) the next one was `` Give Me Your Love '' and then `` Rem...
[ "While the album did not gain attention in the US , `` Hidin ' From Love '' reached # 64 and `` Give Me Your Love '' reached # 91 both on Canada 's RPM 100 Singles chart .", "`` Hidin ' From Love '' went to # 64 on Canada 's RPM 100 Singles chart and `` Give Me Your Love '' went to # 91 on the same chart ." ]
[ "In early 1978 , Bryan Adams teamed up with Jim Vallance ( formerly of Canadian band Prism ) to form a song-writing duo .", "In early 1978 , Bryan Adams and Jim Vallance made a song-writing duo together ." ]
[ "He worked on his debut album for the balance of 1979 with it being released in February 1980 .", "They made the album in 1979 and released it in February 1980 ." ]
[ "The landscape corresponds to the mountainous plateau between Asia Minor , Mesopotamia , and the Caucasus mountains , later known as the Armenian Highlands .", "It was in the mountainous plateau between Asia Minor , Mesopotamia , and Caucasus mountains , later known as the Armenian Highland , and it centered arou...
[ "A central concept of quantum mechanics , this duality addresses the inability of classical concepts like `` particle '' and `` wave '' to fully describe the behavior of quantum-scale objects .", "Classical concepts like `` particle '' and `` wave '' do not fully describe the behavior of quantum-scale objects ." ...
[ "In 2007 , 6 municipalities from the former district of Anhalt-Zerbst ( Hobeck , Lohburg , Lübs , Prödel , Rosian and Schweinitz ) were added to Jerichower Land District .", "In 2007 , 6 municipalities from the former district of Anhalt-Zerbst ( Hobeck , Lohburg , Lübs , Prödel , Rosian and Schweinitz ) were adde...
[ "Some areas of the two districts were added to the neighbouring districts of Havelberg , Rathenow , Brandenburg , Loburg and Zerbst .", "Some areas were given to the neighbouring districts of Havelberg , Rathenow , Brandenburg , Loburg and Zerbst ." ]
[ "The two districts were also renamed after their administrative seats , thus Jerichow I became District Burg , and Jerichow II became District Genthin .", "Jerichow became Burg , and Jerichow II became Genthin ." ]
[ "In 1952 , the district of Burg was split into two parts .", "In 1952 the district of Burg was split into two parts , Loburg and Burg ." ]
[ "In 1994 , the two districts of Burg and Genthin were merged , and re-adopted the historical name of Jerichow .", "In 1994 the two districts of Burg and Loburg were merged , and took the old name of Jerichow ." ]
[ "It is not related to the name for the city of Jericho in the Middle East .", "city of Jericho ." ]
[ "The licence was handed over to the first team of editors consisting of Emil Carlebach , Hans Etzkorn , Wilhelm Karl Gerst , Otto Grossmann , Wilhelm Knothe , Paul Rodemann and Arno Rudert , a progressive think-tank of social democrats , political Catholics and communists , who had spent years in the resistance and...
[ "The Frankfurter Rundschau is a German daily newspaper , based in Frankfurt am Main .", "The Frankfurter Rundschau is a left-wing liberal newspaper in Germany ." ]
[ "It was the first newspaper published in the US sector in occupied Germany and the second newspaper in post-war Germany .", "And it was the first newspaper in the U.S. sector ." ]
[ "Visibility of less than 100 metres ( 330 ft ) is usually reported as zero .", "Visibility less than 100 metres ( 330 ft ) is often called zero ." ]
[ "In addition , an advisory is often issued by a government weather agency for low visibility , such as a dense fog advisory from the U.S. National Weather Service .", "An advisory is put out by meteorologists to warn of low visibility , such as a dense fog advisory from the U.S. National Weather Service ." ]
[ "Airport travel is also often delayed by low visibility , sometimes causing long waits due to instrument flight rules and wider spacing of aircraft .", "Airport travel sometimes is delayed , or slowed down , by low visibility ." ]
[ "In these conditions , roads may be closed , or automatic warning lights and signs may be activated to warn drivers .", "When it is this low , roads may be closed , or lights and signs are turned on to warn drivers ." ]
[ "In meteorology , visibility is a measure of the distance at which an object or light can be clearly discerned .", "Visibility is a word used in meteorology ." ]
[ "The pulmonary vein returns the now oxygen-rich blood to the left atrium .", "The pulmonary artery takes blood to the lungs ." ]
[ "The other component of the circulatory system , the lymphatic system , is not closed .", "The circulatory system is the body system that brings blood to the body ." ]
[ "Systemic circulation is , distance-wise , much longer than pulmonary circulation , transporting blood to every part of the body .", "The systemic circulation is how blood goes to most of the body ." ]
[ "In 1632 , he became a priest .", "Monteverdi became a priest in 1632 ." ]
[ "During his childhood , he was taught by Marc ` Antonio Ingegneri , the maestro di cappella at the Cathedral of Cremona .", "In the introduction to this music he says that his music teacher was Marc ' Antonio Ingegneri , the maestro di cappella of Cremona cathedral ." ]
[ "Monteverdi made his reply in the introduction to the fifth book , with a proposal of the division of musical practice into two streams , which he called prima pratica , and seconda pratica .", "The old style was known as prima pratica ( `` first practice '' ) and the new style was called the seconda pratica ( ``...
[ "It took Monteverdi about four years to finish his first book of twenty-one madrigals for five voices .", "He wrote 9 books of madrigals ." ]
[ "While in Venice , Monteverdi also finished his sixth ( 1614 ) , seventh ( 1619 ) , and eighth ( 1638 ) books of madrigals .", "By 1619 Monteverdi had published his seventh book of madrigals ." ]
[ "Charles Babbage , an English mechanical engineer and polymath , originated the concept of a programmable computer .", "Charles Babbage was the first to make a design of a fully programmable mechanical computer ." ]
[ "The input of programs and data was to be provided to the machine via punched cards , a method being used at the time to direct mechanical looms such as the Jacquard loom .", "He could use punch cards to tell the loom what to do , and he could change the punch cards , which means he could program the loom to weav...
[ "Although the computer was considered `` small and primitive '' by the standards of its time , it was the first working machine to contain all of the elements essential to a modern electronic computer .", "Modern computers are electronic machines ." ]
[ "Some consider the flavor to be very agreeable , but it is generally bitter if steeped in boiling water .", "Many consider the flavor to be very agreeable , but it is generally bitter if steeped in boiling water ." ]
[ "An iced , sweetened version of toasted mate is sold as an uncarbonated soft drink , with or without fruit flavoring .", "An iced , sweetened version of toasted mate is sold as a soft drink , with or without fruit flavoring ." ]
[ "The three xanthines present in mate have been shown to have a relaxing effect on smooth muscle tissue , and a stimulating effect on myocardial ( heart ) tissue .", "Mate has been shown to have a relaxing effect on smooth muscle tissue , and a stimulating effect on myocardial ( heart ) tissue ." ]
[ "Preliminary limited studies of mate have shown that the mate xanthine cocktail is different from other plants containing caffeine , most significantly in its effects on muscle tissue , as opposed to those on the central nervous system , which are similar to those of other natural stimulants .", "Studies of mate ...
[ "When yerba mate is harvested , the branches are dried sometimes with a wood fire , imparting a smoky flavor .", "When the yerba is harvested , the branches are dried sometimes with a wood fire , imparting a smoky flavor ." ]
[ "Yerba mate also contains elements such as potassium , magnesium and manganese .", "Mate also contains elements such as potassium , magnesium and manganese ." ]
[ "A study by the International Agency for Research on Cancer showed a limited correlation between oral cancer and the drinking of large quantities of `` hot mate '' .", "On the other hand , a study by the International Agency for Research on Cancer showed a limited correlation between oral cancer and the drinking ...
[ "Mate batido , which is toasted , has less of a bitter flavor and more of a spicy fragrance .", "The toasted variety of mate has less of a bitter flavor and more of a spicy fragrance ." ]
[ "The Yerba mate plant is grown and processed in South America , specifically in northern Argentina ( Corrientes , Misiones ) , Paraguay , Uruguay and southern Brazil ( Rio Grande do Sul , Santa Catarina , Paraná and Mato Grosso do Sul ) .", "The plant is grown mainly in South America , more specifically in Northe...
[ "Drinking mate with friends from a shared hollow gourd ( also called a guampa , porongo or mate in Spanish , or cabaça or cuia in Portuguese , or zucca in Italian ) with a metal straw ( a bombilla in Spanish , bomba in Portuguese ) is a common social practice in Uruguay , Argentina and southern Brazil among people ...
[ "Yerba mate contains three xanthines : caffeine , theobromine and theophylline , the main one being caffeine .", "Mate contains xanthines , which are alkaloids in the same family as caffeine , theophylline , and theobromine , well-known stimulants also found in coffee and chocolate ." ]
[ "Mate batido is more popular in the coastal cities of Brazil , as opposed to the far southern states , where it is consumed in the traditional way ( green , consumed with a silver straw from a shared gourd ) , and called chimarrão .", "It is more popular in the coastal cities of Brazil , as opposed to the far sou...
[ "The fruit is a red drupe 4-6 mm in diameter .", "The fruit is a red berry 4-6 mm diameter ." ]