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[ "It is a scalar , extensive quantity , akin to electrical resistance .", "It is a scalar , extensive quantity , like electrical resistance ." ]
[ "In a pulsating DC or AC field , the reluctance is the ratio of the amplitude of the `` magnetomotive force '' ( MMF ) in a magnetic circuit to the amplitude of the magnetic flux in this circuit .", "In an AC field , the reluctance is the ratio of the amplitude values for a sinusoidal MMF and magnetic flux ." ]
[ "The Clunes Miners ' Association is one of the earliest antecedents of the Construction , Forestry , Mining and Energy Union .", "The Clunes Miners ' Association is one of the earliest beginnings of the Construction , Forestry , Mining and Energy Union ." ]
[ "Clunes is a town in Victoria , Australia , 36 kilometres north of Ballarat , in the Shire of Hepburn .", "Clunes is a town in Victoria , Australia , about 36 kilometres north of Ballarat , in the Shire of Hepburn ." ]
[ "The town was home to Victoria 's first registered gold discovery made by James Esmond .", "The town was home to Victoria 's first gold discovery made by James Esmond ." ]
[ "Clunes post office opened as early as 1 October 1857 and in 1874 Clunes was connected to the Victorian railway network .", "Clunes post office opened on 1 October 1857 and in 1874 Clunes was joined to the Victorian railway network ." ]
[ "With more than 60 booksellers , millions of books and 15,000 visitors , it has become the largest collection of books in any regional center of Australia and the major Victorian regional book event .", "With more than 60 book sellers , millions of books , and 15,000 visitors , it has become the largest collectio...
[ "His discovery , first published in the Geelong Advertiser on 7 July 1851 triggered the first gold rush in Victoria .", "His discovery , printed in the Geelong Advertiser on 7 July 1851 , started the first gold rush in Victoria ." ]
[ "The idea of transforming Clunes into a European-style booktown was first conceived and developed by Councillor Tim Hayes , Linda Newitt , Graeme Johnston and Tess Brady .", "The idea of a booktown was thought up by Councillor Tim Hayes , Linda Newitt , Graeme Johnston and Tess Brady ." ]
[ "Surrounded by grassland , meadows and pastures , the town has preserved many of its elegant historic buildings until today and is recognized as one of the architecturally most intact gold towns in Victoria .", "Surrounded by grassland , fields and pastures , the town has kept many of its fine historic buildings ...
[ "Renamed to ` Back to Booktown ' a year later and to ` Clunes Booktown Festival ' in 2012 , the township now holds the event each year on the first weekend in May .", "Now called ` Back to Booktown ' , Clunes holds the event every year on the first weekend in May ." ]
[ "Clunes station was opened in the same year .", "Clunes station , shown in the movie Mad Max , was opened in the same year ." ]
[ "Over 50 booksellers from around Australia set up shop for the day in the town 's heritage buildings .", "Over 50 book sellers from around Australia set up shop for the day in the town 's historic buildings ." ]
[ "From the 1850s through to 1893 , when gold mining eventually came to an end , Clunes was an important gold production location in Victoria .", "From the 1850s through to 1893 , Clunes was an important gold field in Victoria ." ]
[ "Clunes held its first ` Booktown for a Day ' event on 20 May 2007 .", "Clunes held its first booktown on 20 May 2007 ." ]
[ "The township was established a few years later and subsequent gold mining , predominantly driven by the Port Phillip and Colonial Mining Company saw the town 's population rising to well over 6,000 residents in the late 1880s .", "With the opening of a big gold mine , by the Port Phillip and Colonial Mining Comp...
[ "In 1873 mine employers attempted to introduce Saturday afternoon and Sunday shifts .", "In 1873 mine owners tried to bring in Saturday afternoon and Sunday work ." ]
[ "The miners refused to sign the new terms outlined in their contract renewals and went on strike .", "The miners refused to work the new hours and went on strike ." ]
[ "The wheel may also be used during the process of trimming the excess body from dried ware and for applying incised decoration or rings of color .", "The wheel may also be used during the process of trimming excess body from dried wares and for applying incised decoration or rings of color ." ]
[ "Many early ceramics were hand-built using a simple coiling technique in which clay was rolled into long threads that were then pinched and beaten together to form the body of a vessel .", "Many early ceramics were hand-built using a simple coiling technique in which clay body was rolled into long threads that we...
[ "In the coiling method of construction , all of the energy required to form the main part of a piece is supplied indirectly by the hands of the potter .", "In the coiling method of construction , all of the energy required to form the main part of a piece is supplied directly by the hands of the potter ." ]
[ "In pottery , a potter 's wheel is a machine used in the shaping of round ceramic ware .", "The potter 's wheel , also known as the potter 's lathe , is a machine used in the shaping of round ceramic wares ." ]
[ "In Ancient Egyptian mythology , the deity Khnum was said to have formed the first humans on a potter 's wheel .", "In Ancient Egyptian mythology , the god Chnum was said to have formed the first humans on a potter 's wheel ." ]
[ "It utilized energy stored in the rotating mass of the heavy stone wheel itself to speed the process .", "This changed with the introduction of the fast-wheel , early forms of which utilised energy stored in the rotating mass of the heavy stone wheel itself ." ]
[ "However , that term is better used for another kind of machine that is used for a different shaping process , turning , similar to that used for shaping of metal and wooden articles .", "However , the name potter 's lathe is also used for the machine used for another shaping process , turning , which is similar ...
[ "The pre-Columbian era incorporates all period subdivisions in the history and prehistory of the Americas before the appearance of significant European influences on the American continents , spanning the time of the original settlement in the Upper Paleolithic period to European colonization during the Early Moder...
[ "While the phrase `` pre-Columbian era '' literally refers only to the time preceding Christopher Columbus 's voyages of 1492 , in practice the phrase usually is used to denote the entire history of American indigenous cultures until those cultures were conquered or significantly influenced by Europeans , even if t...
[ "A doe generally has one or two fawns at a time ( triplets , while not unknown , are uncommon ) .", "The doe usually has 1 or 2 fawns in the spring ." ]
[ "With the exception of the Chinese water deer , which have tusks , all male deer have antlers .", "Almost all deer have antlers ." ]
[ "Seven other species of deer were introduced into New Zealand but none are as widespread as red deer .", "There are about 60 species of deer ." ]
[ "Both male mule deer\\/female white-tailed deer and male white-tailed deer\\/female mule deer matings have produced hybrids .", "Deer are a group of even-toed ungulate mammals ." ]
[ "Young males of many deer , and the adults of some species , such as brocket deer and pudus , have antlers which are single spikes .", "Only the males have antlers ." ]
[ "Vacuum is taken from this point .", "Then , vacuum is taken from it ." ]
[ "The flow of water passes through the straight portion of the tee , which has a restriction at the intersection , where the hose barb is attached .", "The flow of water passes through the straight part of the tee , which restricts the water flow at the intersection with the hose barb ." ]
[ "The cheap and simple water aspirator is the most common type of aspirator .", "The most common type of aspirator is the water aspirator ." ]
[ "In an aspirator , fluid ( liquid or gaseous ) flows through a tube which then narrows .", "In the aspirator , fluid flows through it ." ]
[ "It is used in chemistry and biology laboratories and consists of a tee fitting which is attached to a tap and has a hose barb at one side .", "It has a hose barb on one side ." ]
[ "An aspirator , is a type of ejector-jet pump , that produces vacuum by means of the Venturi effect .", "An aspirator is a device that makes vacuum , because of the Venturi effect ." ]
[ "The industrial steam ejector ( also called the ` steam jet ejector ' , ` steam aspirator ' , or ` steam jet aspirator ' ) uses steam as a working fluid .", "The aspirator is also known as an ejector or a filter pump ." ]
[ "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are molecules containing two or more simple aromatic rings fused together by sharing two neighboring carbon atoms ( see also simple aromatic rings ) .", "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are molecules with two or more simple aromatic rings fused together by sharing two neighborin...
[ "Examples are naphthalene , anthracene , and phenanthrene .", "Examples are naphthalene , anthracene and phenanthrene ." ]
[ "In heterocyclic aromatics ( heteroaromats ) , one or more of the atoms in the aromatic ring is of an element other than carbon .", "In heterocyclic aromatics one or more of the atoms in the aromatic ring is of an element other than carbon ." ]
[ "Other examples include pyridine , pyrazine , imidazole , pyrazole , oxazole , thiophene , and their benzannulated analogs ( benzimidazole , for example ) .", "Examples include pyridine , pyrazine , imidazole , pyrazole , oxazole , thiophene , for example ) ." ]
[ "Many chemical compounds are aromatic rings with other functional groups attached .", "Many chemical compounds are aromatic rings with other things attached ." ]
[ "It was discovered in 1881 during British rule by a tenant of Mian Un-Wan-Udin , a police inspector ; the manuscript was discovered while the tenant was digging in an abandoned building .", "It was discovered in 1881 during British rule by a tenant of Mian An-Wan-Udin , a police inspector ." ]
[ "The village is notable for being the location of what is now known as the Bakhshali manuscript ; this is an ancient mathematical work written on birch bark and is the oldest surviving document in South Asia of Indian mathematics .", "This is an ancient mathematical work written on birch bark and is the oldest su...
[ "It is located at 34 ° 17 ' 0N 72 ° 9 ' 0E and has an altitude of 307 metres ( 1010 feet ) .", "It is at 34 ° 17 ' 0N 72 ° 9 ' 0E and has a height of 307 metres ( 1010 feet ) ." ]
[ "Bakhshali is a village and union council in Mardan District of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan .", "Bakhshali is a village and Union Council of Mardan District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan ." ]
[ "He also made important contributions to proof theory by clarifying the connections between classical logic , intuitionistic logic , and modal logic .", "He did this by clarifying the connections between classical logic , intuitionistic logic , and modal logic ." ]
[ "He also showed that neither the axiom of choice nor the continuum hypothesis can be disproved from the accepted axioms of set theory , assuming these axioms are consistent .", "He also showed that the continuum hypothesis can not be disproved from the accepted axioms of set theory , if those axioms are consisten...
[ "Considered with Aristotle and Gottlob Frege to be one of the most significant logicians in history , Gödel made an immense impact upon scientific and philosophical thinking in the 20th century , a time when others such as Bertrand Russell , A. N. Whitehead , and David Hilbert were pioneering the use of logic and s...
[ "Gödel published his two incompleteness theorems in 1931 when he was 25 years old , one year after finishing his doctorate at the University of Vienna .", "He was 25 years of age , and had just finished his doctorate at the University of Vienna one year earlier ." ]
[ "In hindsight , the basic idea at the heart of the incompleteness theorem is rather simple .", "Gödel is best known for his two incompleteness theorems ." ]
[ "Wavelets are defined by the wavelet function ψ ( t ) ( i.e. the mother wavelet ) and scaling function φ ( t ) ( also called father wavelet ) in the time domain .", "Function is called mother wavelet ." ]
[ "In 1999 , he was appointed music director of the Orquesta Sinfónica Simón Bolívar , the national youth orchestra of Venezuela , and toured several countries .", "In 1999 , he became music director of the Orquesta Sinfónica Simón Bolívar , the national youth orchestra of Venezuela , and toured several countries ....
[ "On April 16 , 2007 , Gustavo Dudamel conducted the Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra in a concert in commemoration of the 80th birthday of Pope Benedict XVI , with Hilary Hahn as solo violinist , with the Pope and many other church dignitaries among the audience .", "On April 16 , 2007 , Gustavo Dudamel conduct...
[ "Dudamel was born in Barquisimeto , Venezuela , the son of a trombonist and a voice teacher .", "Dudamel was born in Barquisimeto , Venezuela ." ]
[ "He made his debut at La Scala , Milan , with Don Giovanni in November 2006 .", "He conducted Don Giovanni at La Scala , Milan , in November 2006 ." ]
[ "In 2005 , Gustavo Dudamel first conducted the Gothenburg Symphony at the BBC Proms , on short notice as a replacement for the indisposed Neeme Järvi .", "In 2005 , Gustavo Dudamel conducted at the BBC Proms when Neeme Järvi was ill ." ]
[ "He is the music director of the Orquesta Sinfónica Simón Bolívar and the Los Angeles Philharmonic .", "He became famous as the conductor of the Venezuelan youth orchestra Orquesta Sinfónica Simón Bolívar ." ]
[ "In March 2008 , he made his debut with the San Francisco Symphony .", "In March 2008 , he first conducted the San Francisco Symphony ." ]
[ "He is honorary conductor of the Gothenburg Symphony in Gothenburg , Sweden .", "Today he is the principal conductor of the Gothenburg Symphony in Gothenburg , Sweden , and music director of the Los Angeles Philharmonic in Los Angeles , California ." ]
[ "In 2006 , Dudamel was named Principal Conductor of the Gothenburg Symphony .", "He became Principal Conductor of the Gothenburg Symphony ." ]
[ "He soon began to study composition .", "He also studied composition ." ]
[ "Dudamel debuted with the Philharmonia , the Israel Philharmonic , and the Los Angeles Philharmonic , among others , in 2005 , and also signed a recording contract with Deutsche Grammophon .", "He signed a recording contract with Deutsche Grammophon ." ]
[ "Before them , Mikhail Glinka and Alexander Dargomyzhsky had gone some way towards producing a distinctly Russian kind of music , writing operas on Russian subjects , but The Mighty Handful represented the first concentrated attempt to develop such a music , with Stasov as their artistic adviser and Dargomyzhsky as...
[ "The Five , also known as The Mighty Handful ( Russian : Могучая кучка , Moguchaya kuchka ) , The Balakirev Circle , and The New Russian School , refers to a circle of composers who met in Saint Petersburg , Russia , in the years 1856-1870 : Mily Balakirev ( the leader ) , César Cui , Modest Mussorgsky , Nikolai Ri...
[ "They are listed below , with their capitals and the territory of the former provinces that they mostly incorporated : After only three years , following a coup d'etat , the borders of the former provinces were restored , though not their autonomous status .", "They are listed below , with their capitals and the ...
[ "During the Batavian Republic , the Netherlands was from 1798 to 1801 completely reorganised into eight new departments , most named after rivers , inspired by the French revolutionary example , in an attempt to do away with the old semi-autonomous status of the provinces .", "During the Batavian Republic , the N...
[ "The modern Netherlands is divided into twelve provinces ( provincies in Dutch ) and three overseas public bodies ( openbare lichamen ) that are not part of any province .", "The modern day Netherlands are divided into twelve provinces ( provincies in Dutch ) ." ]
[ "The twelve provinces are listed below .", "The twelve provinces are listed below with their capital city : A Dutch province is the administrative layer in between the national government and the local municipalities ." ]
[ "The government of each province consists of three major parts : the Provinciale Staten which is the provincial parliament elected every four years ; the Gedeputeerde Staten , a college elected from among the members of the Provinciale Staten and charged with most executive tasks ; and the Commissaris van de Koning...
[ "A Dutch province represents the administrative layer in between the national government and the local municipalities , having the responsibility for matters of subnational or regional importance .", "It has the responsibility for matters of regional importance ." ]
[ "The Pittsburgh Penguins repeated as Stanley Cup champions , winning a best of seven series four games to none against the Chicago Blackhawks .", "The Stanley Cup winners were the Pittsburgh Penguins , who won the best of seven series 4-0 against the Chicago Blackhawks ." ]
[ "Note : W = Wins , L = Losses , T = Ties , Pts = Points , GF = Goals For , GA = Goals Against P - Clinched Presidents Trophy P - Clinched Presidents Trophy , ADM - Adams Division , PAT - Patrick Division", "Note : W = Wins , L = Losses , T = Ties , Pts = Points , GF = Goals For , GA = Goals Against" ]
[ "The oldest of the Watkins children , Sean was only twelve years old at the time .", "The oldest of the children , Sean Watkins , was only twelve years old at the time ." ]
[ "Nickel Creek ( formerly known as The Nickel Creek Band ) is an American progressive acoustic music trio consisting of Chris Thile ( mandolin ) , Sara Watkins ( fiddle ) and Sean Watkins ( guitar ) .", "The band has three people : Chris Thile ( mandolin ) , Sean Watkins ( guitar ) , and Sara Watkins ( violin ) ."...
[ "During their 2002 and 2003 tour Nickel Creek opened five shows for John Mayer in November 2002 , and toured with Gillian Welch and David Rawlings earlier in the year .", "Chris Thile described the album in 2002 : On the This Side tour of 2002 and 2003 , Nickel Creek played shows as the main act for the most part...
[ "Nickel Creek 's first performance was at That Pizza Place in Carlsbad , California in 1989 with Scott Thile , Chris 's father , playing string bass .", "The band started in California in 1989 with Scott Thile , Chris ' father , playing the double bass ." ]
[ "Their seven-month Farewell ( For Now ) Tour started in April 2007 and ended in November .", "The tour started in April 2007 and ended in November 2007 in Nashville , Tennessee ." ]
[ "The group received two Grammy nominations : Best Bluegrass Album and Best Country Instrumental for the song `` Ode to a Butterfly '' .", "Nickel Creek got two Grammy Award nominations for the album : Best Bluegrass Album and Best Country Instrumental for `` Ode to a Butterfly '' ." ]
[ "The tour featured numerous guest appearances by Glen Phillips , Jon Brion , Fiona Apple , Bruce Molsky , Bela Fleck , Tom Brosseau and Tift Merritt , among others .", "The tour had many guest appearances by musicians like Fiona Apple , Glen Phillips , Jon Brion , Bruce Molsky , Béla Fleck , and Tift Merritt ." ]
[ "Nickel Creek 's first two albums were Little Cowpoke ( 1993 ) and Here to There ( 1997 ) .", "In the early days , Nickel Creek made two albums : Little Cowpoke in 1993 , and Here to There in 1997 ." ]
[ "In 2002 the band released their fourth album , This Side , produced by Alison Krauss .", "In 2002 , This Side came out and it was also produced by Alison Krauss ." ]
[ "Nickel Creek met Alison Krauss at one of their shows and later invited her to produce their next album .", "Alison Krauss produced the album Nickel Creek , which came out in 2000 on Sugar Hill Records ." ]
[ "In 2003 , Nickel Creek appeared on the Béla Fleck and the Flecktones album Little Worlds .", "In 2003 , Nickel Creek was on Béla Fleck 's album Little Worlds ." ]
[ "Some of her most notable works include Quinceañera ( 1987 ) , Dulce desafío ( 1989 ) , María Isabel ( 1997 ) , El privilegio de amar ( 1999 ) , El Manantial ( 2001 ) and Amor real ( 2003 ) .", "Some of her most famous works include Quinceañera ( 1987 ) , Dulce Desafío ( 1989 ) , María Isabel ( 1997 ) , El Privil...
[ "Shortly after , she began to work as a fashion model and started appearing in TV commercials and music videos .", "She started working as a child model and appearing in commercials and music videos ." ]
[ "Adela Amalia Noriega Méndez ( born 24 October 1969 ) , better known as Adela Noriega ( Spanish pronunciation : ( aˈðela noɾˈjeɣa ) ) , is a Mexican actress .", "Adela Noriega ( how to say : \\ / aˈðela noˈɾjeɣa \\ / ) , born Adela Amalia Noriega Méndez on October 24 , 1969 , in Mexico City , Mexico , is a Mexica...
[ "Her most recent starring role was as the lead female character Sofía Elizondo in the telenovela Fuego en la sangre , from 2008 .", "Her most recent starring role was in the telenovela , Fuego en la sangre , from 2008 ." ]
[ "El privilegio de amar is officially the highest-rated television program in Mexico to date , according to IBOPE .", "A year after , she played the leading female character in El Privilegio de Amar , the highest rated television program in Mexico to date ." ]
[ "Her father passed away when she was in her early adolescence , and her mother died in 1995 , after a battle with cancer .", "Her mother died in 1995 from cancer ." ]
[ "Adela Noriega was born and raised in Mexico City , Mexico .", "Noriega was born in Mexico City , Mexico , on October 24 , 1969 ." ]
[ "Autolycus ' surviving works include a book on spheres entitled On the Moving Sphere and another On Risings and Settings of celestial bodies .", "Autolycus ' surviving works include a book on spheres ( called On the Moving Sphere ) and another on the rising and setting of celestial bodies ." ]
[ "He wrote that `` any star which rises and sets always rises and sets at the same point in the horizon . ''", "Autolycus studied the relationship between the rising and the setting of the celestial bodies , and wrote that `` any star which rises and sets always rises and sets at the same point in the horizon . ''...
[ "In his Sphere , Autolycus studied the characteristics and movement of a sphere .", "Autolycus studied the movements of a sphere ." ]
[ "Autolycus was born in Pitane , a town of Aeolis within Western Anatolia .", "He was born in Pitane , a town of Aeolis , in Asia Minor ." ]
[ "Autolycus ' works were translated by Maurolycus in the sixteenth century .", "Maurolycus translated Autolycus ' works in the sixteenth century ." ]
[ "Euclid references some of Autolycus ' work , and Autolycus is known to have taught Arcesilaus .", "Autolycus also taught Arcesilaus ." ]
[ "- Line 7 , colored brown ( currently known as Plaça Catalunya - Avinguda Tibidabo ) , is a metro-like commuter train line in the Barcelona Metro network operated by FGC , and part of the ATM fare-integrated transport system .", "Line 7 or L7 colored brown ( currently known as Plaça Catalunya - Avinguda Tibidabo ...