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[ "A 2005 study by Sankar Chatterjee suggested that the wings of Microraptor functioned like a split-level `` biplane '' , and that it likely employed a phugoid style of gliding , in which it would launch from a perch and swoop downward in a ` U ' shaped curve , then lift again to land on another tree , with the tail...
[ "However , one well-preserved specimen of Velociraptor mongoliensis ( IGM 100\\/986 ) has an articulated tail skeleton that is curved horizontally in a long S-shape .", "However , one well-preserved specimen of Velociraptor mongoliensis ( IGM 100\\/986 ) has an articulated tail skeleton which is curved horizontal...
[ "A consensus of paleontologists has concluded that there is not yet enough evidence to determine whether any dromaeosaurs could fly or glide , or whether they evolved from ancestors that could .", "A consensus of paleontologists has concluded that there is not yet enough evidence to say whether any dromaeosaurs c...
[ "Paleontologist Peter Mackovicky commented on the Manning team 's study , stating that small , primitive dromaeosaurids ( such as Microraptor ) were likely to have been tree-climbers , but that climbing did not explain why later , gigantic dromaeosaurids such as Achillobator retained highly curved claws when they w...
[ "While the trackways clearly do not represent hunting behavior , the idea that groups of dromaeosaurs may have hunted together , according to the authors , could not be ruled out .", "While the trackways clearly do not represent hunting behavior , the idea that groups of dromaeosaurs may have hunted together can ...
[ "However , not all paleontologists found the evidence conclusive , and a subsequent study published in 2007 by Roach and Brinkman suggests that the Deinonychus may have actually displayed a disorganized mobbing behavior .", "However , not all paleontologists found the evidence conclusive , and a study in 2007 by ...
[ "This suggests that , in life , the tail could bend from side to side with a substantial degree of flexibility .", "This suggests that , in life , the tail could bend from side to side with some degree of flexibility ." ]
[ "Some dromaeosaurid fossils preserve long , pennaceous feathers on the hands and arms ( remiges ) and tail ( rectrices ) , as well as shorter , down-like feathers covering the body .", "Some fossils preserve long feathers on the hands and arms ( remiges ) and tail ( rectrices ) , as well as shorter , down-like fe...
[ "Another species of dromaeosaurid , Microraptor gui , may have been capable of gliding using its well-developed wings on both the fore and hind limbs .", "Another species of dromaeosaur , Microraptor gui , may have been capable of gliding using its well-developed wings on both the fore and hind limbs ." ]
[ "A challenge to all of these alternative scenarios came when Turner and colleagues in 2007 described a new dromaeosaurid , Mahakala , which they found to be the most basal and most primitive member of the Dromaeosauridae , more primitive than Microraptor .", "A challenge to all of these alternative scenarios came...
[ "There is currently disagreement about the function of the enlarged `` sickle claw '' on the second toe .", "There is some discussion about the function of the enlarged `` sickle claw '' on the second toe ." ]
[ "One eudromaeosaur species , Balaur bondoc , also possessed a first toe which was highly modified in parallel with the second .", "One dromaeosaur species , Balaur bondoc , had a first toe which was highly modified in parallel with the second ." ]
[ "Like other maniraptorans , they had long arms that could be folded against the body in some species , and relatively large hands with three long fingers ( the middle finger being the longest and the first finger being the shortest ) ending in large claws .", "Like other maniraptorans , they had long arms , and r...
[ "The Manning team also compared the curvature of the dromaeosaurid `` sickle claw '' on the foot with curvature in modern birds and mammals .", "The Manning team also compared the curvature of the dromaeosarid `` sickle claw '' on the foot with curvature in modern birds and mammals ." ]
[ "The presence of dromaeosaurs as early as the Middle Jurassic has been confirmed by the discovery of isolated fossil teeth , though no dromaeosaurid body fossils have been found from this period .", "The presence of dromaeosaurs in the Middle Jurassic is shown by isolated fossil teeth , though no dromaeosaurid bo...
[ "As late as 2001 , Mark Norell and colleagues analyzed a large survey of coelurosaur fossils and produced the tentative result that dromaeosaurids were most closely related to birds , with troodontids as a more distant outgroup .", "Mark Norell and colleagues analyzed a survey of coelurosaur fossils and suggested...
[ "Dromaeosaurid feet bore a large , recurved claw on the second toe .", "Dromaeosaur feet bore a large , recurved claw on the second toe ." ]
[ "The dromaeosaurid body plan includes a relatively large skull , serrated teeth , narrow snout , and forward-facing eyes which indicate some degree of binocular vision .", "Dromaeosaurs have a relatively large skull , serrated teeth , narrow snout , and forward-facing eyes with some degree of binocular vision ." ...
[ "Many other dromaeosaurid fossils have been found with feathers covering their bodies , some with fully developed feathered wings .", "Many other dromaeosaur fossils have been found with feathers covering their bodies , some with fully-developed feathered wings ." ]
[ "Dromaeosaurids , like most other theropods , had a moderately long S-curved neck , and their trunk was relatively short and deep .", "Dromaeosaurs , like most other theropods , had an S-curved neck , and their trunk was relatively short and deep ." ]
[ "This may have been used as an aerodynamic stabilizer and rudder during gliding and\\/or powered flight ( see `` Flight and gliding '' below ) .", "This might have been used as a stabilizer and rudder during gliding ." ]
[ "The interpretation of the sickle claw as a killing weapon applied to all dromaeosaurids .", "The interpretation of the sickle claw as a killing weapon applied to all dromaeosaurs ." ]
[ "In informal usage they are often called raptors ( after Velociraptor ) , a term popularized by the film Jurassic Park ; a few types include the term `` raptor '' directly in their name and have come to emphasize their supposed bird-like habits .", "They are often called raptors , a term popularized by the movie ...
[ "In 2007 , scientists described the first known extensive dromaeosaur trackway , in Shandong , China .", "The first known extensive dromaeosaur trackway was found in Shandong , China ." ]
[ "Like other theropods , dromaeosaurids were bipedal ; that is , they walked on their hind legs .", "Like other theropods , dromaeosaurs were bipedal ; that is , they walked on their hind legs ." ]
[ "The enlarged second toe bore an unusually large , curved sickle-shaped claw ( held off the ground or ` retracted ' when walking ) , which is thought to have been used in capturing prey and climbing trees ( see `` Claw function '' below ) .", "The enlarged second toe bore an unusually large , curved sickle-shaped...
[ "In light of this , it is most likely that even the larger ground-dwelling dromaeosaurids bore feathers , since even flightless birds today retain most of their plumage , and relatively large dromaeosaurids , like Velociraptor , are known to have retained pennaceous feathers .", "In light of this , it is most lik...
[ "Dromaeosaurids share many features with early birds ( clade Avialae or Aves ) .", "Further information : Origin of birds Dromaeosaurs share many features with early birds ( clade Avialae or Aves ) ." ]
[ "This evidence , combined with the small size of other primitive relatives such as Microraptor and the troodontid Anchiornis , indicates that the common ancestor of dromaeosaurids , troodontids , and birds ( which is called the ancestral paravian ) may have been very small , at around 65 cm in length and 600 to 700...
[ "However , whereas most theropods walked with three toes contacting the ground , fossilized footprint tracks confirm that many early paravian groups , including the dromaeosaurids , held the second toe off the ground in a hyperextended position , with only the third and fourth toes bearing the weight of the animal ...
[ "In 2002 , Hwang and colleagues utilized the work of Norell et al. , including new characters and better fossil evidence , to determine that birds ( avialans ) were better thought of as cousins to the dromaeosaurids and troodontids .", "In 2002 , Hwang and colleagues suggested that birds ( avialans ) were better ...
[ "It is now known that at least some , and probably all , dromaeosaurids were covered in feathers , including large , vaned , wing and tail feathers .", "Some , and probably all , dromaeosaurs were covered in feathers , including large , vaned , wing and tail feathers ." ]
[ "The dromaeosaurid hip structure featured a characteristically large pubic boot projecting beneath the base of the tail .", "The dromaeosaur hip structure featured a large ` pubic boot ' ( part of the hip ) projecting beneath the base of the tail ." ]
[ "He later issued a revised reconstruction in agreement with that of Microraptor Other researchers , like Larry Martin believe that dromaeosaurs , along with all maniraptorans are not dinosaurs at all .", "A few researchers , like Larry Martin , believe that dromaeosaurs , along with all maniraptorans are not dino...
[ "Dromaeosaurids were small to medium-sized dinosaurs , ranging from about 0.7 metres ( 2.3 ft ) in length ( in the case of Mahakala ) to over 6 metres ( 20 ft ) ( in Utahraptor and Achillobator ) .", "Dromaeosaurs were small to medium-sized dinosaurs , ranging from about 0.7 meters in length ( 2.3 ft , in the cas...
[ "It has been proposed that this tail was used as a stabilizer and\\/or counterweight while running or in the air ; in Microraptor , an elongate diamond-shaped fan of feathers is preserved on the end of the tail .", "It has been proposed that this tail was used as a stabilizer and\\/or counterweight while running ...
[ "Some may have grown larger ; undescribed specimens of Utahraptor in Brigham Young University collections belonged to individuals that may have reached up to 11 m ( 36 ft ) long , though these await more detailed study .", "Some were larger ; undescribed specimens of Utahraptor in BYU collections may have been up...
[ "Dromaeosauridae is a family of bird-like theropod dinosaurs .", "Dromaeosaurs are family of bird-like theropod dinosaurs , which included the famous Velociraptor ." ]
[ "The authors of the paper describing these footprints interpreted the trackways as evidence that some species of dromaeosaurs lived in groups .", "The trackways are evidence that some species of dromaeosaurs lived in groups ." ]
[ "In addition to confirming the hypothesis that the sickle-claw was held retracted off the ground , the trackway ( made by a large , Achillobator-sized species ) showed evidence of six individuals of about equal size moving together along a shoreline .", "The trackway , ( made by a large , Achillobator-sized speci...
[ "The ability to fly or glide has been suggested for at least two dromaeosaurid species .", "The ability to fly or glide has been suggested for at least two dromaeosaur genera ." ]
[ "Through the early 2000s , consensus among paleontologists was that dromaeosaurids were most closely related to the troodontids , and together with the troodontids , with deinonychosaurians in turn the sister taxon to avialans , and therefore the closest relatives of avialan birds .", "Deinonychosaurians in turn ...
[ "The main tenets of the Peace of Westphalia were : There were also territorial adjustments :", "There were also territorial adjustments ." ]
[ "The Peace of Westphalia treaties involved the Holy Roman Emperor , Ferdinand III , of the House of Habsburg ; the Kingdom of Spain ; the Kingdom of France ; the Swedish Empire ; the Dutch Republic ; the Princes of the Holy Roman Empire ; and sovereigns of the free imperial cities and can be denoted by two major ev...
[ "The Peace of Westphalia was a series of peace treaties signed between May and October 1648 in Osnabrück and Münster .", "The Peace of Westphalia refers to the pair of treaties , the Treaty of Osnabrück and the Treaty of Münster , signed on May 15 and October 24 of 1648 , which ended both the Thirty Years ' War a...
[ "The power taken by Ferdinand III in contravention of the Holy Roman Empire 's constitution was stripped and returned to the rulers of the Imperial States .", "The power which Ferdinand III had taken for himself against the Holy Roman Empire 's constitution was stripped ." ]
[ "According to the report , the international nuclear industry has been unable to stop the slow decline of nuclear energy .", "According to the report , the international nuclear power industry has been unable to stop the slow decline of nuclear energy ." ]
[ "The World Nuclear Industry Status Report is a yearly report that explores the global challenges facing the nuclear power industry .", "The World Nuclear Industry Status Report is a yearly report about the global challenges facing the nuclear power industry ." ]
[ "Nuclear power now accounts for about 10 percent of the world 's electricity generation and 4.5 percent of the commercial primary energy .", "Nuclear power now accounts for about 13 percent of the world 's electricity generation and 5.5 percent of primary energy ." ]
[ "The Olkiluoto plant has had particular problems : The report says that the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster is exacerbating many of the problems that nuclear energy is facing .", "The Olkiluoto plant has had particular problems : The report says that the Fukushima I nuclear accidents have made things more diff...
[ "It was discovered by Holman , et al. in 2000 , and given the temporary designation S\\/2000 S 11 .", "It was found by Holman , et al. in 2000 , and given the designation S\\/2000 S 11 ." ]
[ "Albiorix orbits Saturn at a distance of about 16 million km and its diameter is estimated at 32 kilometers , assuming an albedo of 0.04 .", "Albiorix orbits Saturn at a distance of about 16,000,000 km and its diameter is estimated at 32 kilometers , assuming an albedo of 0.04 ." ]
[ "Albiorix is the largest member of the Gallic group of irregular satellites .", "Albiorix is the biggest member of the Gallic group of non-spherical moons ." ]
[ "The diagram illustrates the Albiorigian orbit in relation to other prograde irregular satellites of Saturn .", "The diagram illustrates its orbit in relation to other prograde non-spherical moons of Saturn ." ]
[ "Varying colors revealed recently suggest a possibility of a large crater , leading to an alternative hypothesis that Erriapus and Tarvos could be fragments of Albiorix following a near-break-up collision with another body .", "Different colors seen recently suggest a possibility of a big crater , suggesting that...
[ "Ahn Cheol-soo ( Hangul : 안철수 ( an tɕʰʌlsʰu ) ; born February 26 , 1962 ) , also known as Charles Ahn , is a South Korean businessman , politician , and former physician and professor .", "Ahn Cheol-soo ( born February 26 , 1962 ) is a Korean businessman , doctor and professor ." ]
[ "The rainfall destroyed two homes and damaged 214 , 14 severely .", "The rainfall destroyed 2 homes and damaged 214 , 14 severely ." ]
[ "Moisture from the system produced heavy rainfall over the island of Hawaii , totaling to over 15 inches ( 380 mm ) .", "Moisture from the system produced heavy rainfall over the island of Hawaii , totaling to over 15 inches ." ]
[ "An area of disturbed weather organized into a tropical depression on August 9 while located 740 miles ( 1,190 km ) southeast of Hilo , Hawaii .", "An area of disturbed weather organized into a tropical depression on August 9 while located 740 miles ( 1190 km ) southeast of Hilo , Hawaii ." ]
[ "Rosa intensified quickly , peaking at Category 2 intensity just before landfall near La Concepción on the morning of October 14 .", "Rosa intensified quickly , peaking at Category 2 intensity just before landfall near La Concepcion on the morning of October 14 ." ]
[ "The depression moved westward without organizing , and dissipated on August 14 .", "The depression moved westward without organizing , and dissipated on the 14th ." ]
[ "First , three hurricanes reached Category 5 intensity on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale , tying a record later set in 2002 .", "Five hurricanes reached Category 2 intensity or higher on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale ." ]
[ "Hurricane John lasted longer and spent more time tropical than any other tropical cyclone on Earth in recorded history .", "Hurricane John was the longest lasting and most continuous tropical cyclone on Earth in recorded history ." ]
[ "Olivia was also the strongest September hurricane at the time .", "Hurricane Olivia was the second strongest storm of the season ." ]
[ "This season has a total of seventeen tropical storms , nine hurricanes , and five major hurricanes .", "In the Central Pacific , two tropical storms and one hurricane formed ." ]
[ "Rosa quickly decayed over the mountains of Mexico , and its cloud shield rapidly accelerated northward through the United States , spreading moisture .", "Rosa quickly decayed over the mountains of Mexico , and its cloud shield rapidly accelerated northward through the Plains and Mississippi Valley , moistening ...
[ "These numbers are slightly above the long-term averages of fifteen tropical storms , nine hurricanes , and four major hurricanes .", "In addition , there were four other hurricanes and eight tropical storms ." ]
[ "The only named storm to make landfall this year was Hurricane Rosa , which killed several people in Mexico .", "Elsewhere , Hurricane Rosa killed several people in Mexico ." ]
[ "When it formed , Hurricane Olivia was the third most-intense Pacific hurricane ever recorded , and second most-intense in the east Pacific proper .", "It is one of the ten most intense east Pacific hurricanes ever recorded ." ]
[ "The American Hockey League ( AHL ) is a 30-team professional ice hockey league based in the United States and Canada that serves as the primary developmental circuit for the National Hockey League ( NHL ) .", "The American Hockey League or AHL , is a professional ice hockey league based in the United States and ...
[ "In common speech , ` vaccination ' and ` immunization ' have a similar meaning .", "So vaccination and immunization have meanings that are a little different ." ]
[ "2010 ( MMX ) was a common year starting on Friday ( link will display the full calendar ) of the Gregorian calendar , the 2010th year of the Common Era ( CE ) and Anno Domini ( AD ) designations , the 10th year of the 3rd millennium , the 10th year of the 21st century , and the 1st year of the 2010s decade .", "...
[ "The main factor for this delay was the slow growth of the gas pipe network .", "The main factor in this delay was the slow growth of the gas pipe network ." ]
[ "At the World Fair in London in 1851 , a gas stove was shown , but only in the 1880s did this technology start to become a commercial success .", "At the Great Exhibition in London in 1851 , a gas stove was shown , but only in the 1880s did this technology start to become a commercial success ." ]
[ "The first gas stoves were developed as early as the 1820s , but these remained isolated experiments .", "Modern gas stoves were developed already in the 1820s , but these remained isolated experiments ." ]
[ "A kitchen stove , usually called a stove ( especially but not only in US English ) , range , cooker , or oven is a kitchen appliance designed for the purpose of cooking food .", "A kitchen stove , cooking stove , cookstove , or cooker is a kitchen appliance designed for cooking food ." ]
[ "The researchers used the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope to determine the elemental composition .", "The researchers used the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope to determine what it is made of ." ]
[ "Such a planet would have had both a rocky surface and water , two key ingredients for life .", "Such a planet would have had both a rocky surface and water ." ]
[ "GD 61 was first noted as a potential degenerate star in 1965 , in a survey of white-dwarf suspects by astronomers from the Lowell Observatory in Arizona .", "GD 61 was first noted as a potential degenerate star in 1965 ." ]
[ "This evidence suggests that a planet , with a rocky surface similar to Earth 's , may have existed in the past , with the asteroid thus being an artifact from this period , now possibly part of a debris field from the hypothetical planet 's breakup .", "This means that a planet , with a rocky surface similar to ...
[ "The elements magnesium , silicon , iron , and oxygen were detected , all components of rocky planets , although the levels of oxygen were much higher than what could be accounted for .", "The elements magnesium , silicon , iron and oxygen were detected ." ]
[ "GD 61 is a white dwarf with a planetary system located 150 light-years from Earth in the constellation Perseus .", "It is 150 light-years from Earth in the constellation Perseus ." ]
[ "It is thought to have been a main-sequence star of spectral type A0V with around three times the mass of the Sun that has aged and passed through a red-giant phase , leaving a dense , hot remnant that has around 70 % of the Sun 's mass and a surface temperature of 17280 K . It is thought to be around 600 million y...
[ "This asteroid would originally have been 26 % water by mass , close to the water content of Ceres .", "The asteroid , the first extrasolar asteroid detected , is 26 % water by mass , close to the water content of Ceres ." ]
[ "In 2013 , a circumstellar disk that resulted from the destruction of a water-rich asteroid was detected in close orbit around GD 61 , which makes this the first detection of solid or liquid water on an extrasolar body .", "This was the first finding of solid or liquid water on an extrasolar body ." ]
[ "Weeks 13 to 28 of the pregnancy are called the second trimester .", "Pregnancy is divided into three parts called trimesters ." ]
[ "A cookie , also known as an HTTP cookie , web cookie , or browser cookie , is a small piece of data sent from a website and stored in a user 's web browser while the user is browsing that website .", "The cookie is stored in the web browser on the person 's computer ." ]
[ "He is Professor of Genetics at Harvard Medical School , Professor of Health Sciences and Technology at Harvard and MIT , and founding core member of the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University .", "Church is Professor of Genetics at Harvard Medical School , Professor of Health ...
[ "George McDonald Church ( born August 28 , 1954 ) is an American geneticist , molecular engineer , and chemist .", "George Church ( born August 28 , 1954 ) is an American molecular geneticist ." ]
[ "Technology transfer from his Harvard laboratory of automated sequencing & software to Genome Therapeutics Corp. resulted in the first bacterial genome sequence and first commercial genome ( the human pathogen Helicobacter pylori ) in 1994 .", "Automated sequencing & software in Genome Therapeutics Corp. gave the...
[ "He is director of the U.S. Department of Energy Center on Bioenergy Technology at Harvard and director of the National Institutes of Health ( NHGRI ) Center of Excellence in Genomic Science ( CEGS ) at Harvard .", "Church does research on synthetic ( artificial ) biology and is director of the U.S. Department of...
[ "With Walter Gilbert , Church published the first direct genomic sequencing method in 1984 .", "With Walter Gilbert he developed the first direct genomic sequencing method in 1984 , and helped start the Human Genome Project in 1984 while he was a research scientist at newly-formed Biogen Inc. ." ]
[ "In a few countries , prostitution and operating a brothel is legal and regulated .", "In some countries operating brothels is legal , in other countries it is illegal ." ]
[ "In parts of Australia , for example , brothels are legal and regulated .", "Brothels are legal in some countries from Europe , for example ." ]
[ "When brothels are illegal , they may nevertheless operate in the guise of a legitimate business , such as massage parlors , saunas or spas .", "Brothel owners often disguise their actions as running a massage parlor , a bar or a similar venue ." ]
[ "Nicholson is married to the former Suzanne Marie Ferrell of Highland Falls , New York , who is an accomplished artist .", "Nicholson is married to the former Suzanne Marie Ferrell of Highland Falls , New York , who is an artist ." ]
[ "Before becoming active in civilian government service , he practiced law in Denver , Colorado , specializing in real estate , municipal finance and zoning law .", "Before becoming active in civilian government service , he worked as a lawyer in Denver , Colorado , specializing in real estate , municipal finance ...
[ "Between 2001 and his appointment as Secretary of Veterans Affairs in 2005 , he served as United States Ambassador to the Holy See ( the Vatican ) .", "Between 2001 and his appointment to the position of Secretary of Veterans Affairs , he served as United States Ambassador to the Holy See ( the Vatican ) ." ]
[ "After thirty years of military service he retired in 1991 with the rank of Colonel .", "After thirty years of working in the Army , he retired in 1991 with the rank of Colonel ." ]
[ "In May 2005 , he was recognized with the Distinguished Graduate of the U.S. Military Academy Award .", "In May 2005 , he was given the Distinguished Graduate of the U.S. Military Academy Award ." ]