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[ "During the 1980s he performed with bassist and composer\\/bandleader Jaco Pastorius in ensembles ranging from duet to the Word of Mouth Big Band .", "During the 1980s he performed with bassist and composer\\/bandleader Jaco Pastorius ." ]
[ "The Shōwa period ( 昭和時代 , Shōwa jidai ?", "The Shōwa period ( 昭和時代 , Shōwa jidai ? )" ]
[ "Most possessors of child pornography who are arrested are found to possess images of prepubescent children ; possessors of pornographic images of post-pubescent minors are less likely to be prosecuted , even though those images also fall within the statutes .", "Most people who own child pornography who are arre...
[ "Producers of child pornography try to avoid prosecution by distributing their material across national borders , though this issue is increasingly being addressed with regular arrests of suspects from a number of countries occurring over the last few years .", "The people who make child pornography try to avoid ...
[ "Child pornography is pornography that involves a child .", "Child pornography that involves real children is a record of child sexual abuse ." ]
[ "The prepubescent pornography is viewed and collected by pedophiles for a variety of purposes , ranging from private sexual uses , trading with other pedophiles , preparing children for sexual abuse as part of the process known as `` child grooming '' , or enticement leading to entrapment for sexual exploitation su...
[ "Lost was the recipient of hundreds of award nominations throughout its run , and won numerous industry awards , including the Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series in 2005 , Best American Import at the British Academy Television Awards in 2005 , the Golden Globe Award for Best Drama in 2006 and a Screen Actors G...
[ "Lost was created by Jeffrey Lieber , J. J. Abrams and Damon Lindelof who share story-writing credits for the pilot episode , which Abrams directed .", "The show was created by J. J. Abrams , Damon Lindelof , and Jeffrey Lieber ." ]
[ "Due to its large ensemble cast and the cost of filming primarily on location in Oahu , Hawaii , the series was one of the most expensive on television .", "Because of its large cast and the cost of filming in Hawaii , the series was one of the most expensive on television ." ]
[ "In the third season , the crash survivors learn more about the Others and their long history on the mysterious island .", "The crash survivors learn about the Others and their history on the island ." ]
[ "As the truth about the mysterious Others begins to unfold , one of the crash survivors betrays the other castaways , and the cause of the plane crash is revealed .", "One of the crash survivors betrays the other castaways by working with the Others ." ]
[ "While two characters try to force the hatch open , four other survivors attempt to leave on a raft that they have constructed .", "Some of them try to leave the island on a raft ." ]
[ "The fifth season follows two timelines .", "This season follows two time lines ." ]
[ "A war between the Others and the survivors comes to a head , and the survivors make contact with a rescue team aboard the freighter Kahana .", "A war between the Others and the survivors begins , and the survivors make contact with a rescue team ." ]
[ "The majority of the forest is contained within Brazil , with 60 % of the rainforest , followed by Peru with 13 % , Colombia with 10 % , and with minor amounts in Venezuela , Ecuador , Bolivia , Guyana , Suriname and French Guiana .", "The majority of the forest is contained within Brazil , with 60 % of the rainf...
[ "The Amazon represents over half of the planet 's remaining rainforests , and comprises the largest and most biodiverse tract of tropical rainforest in the world , with an estimated 390 billion individual trees divided into 16,000 species .", "The Amazon represents over half of the planet 's remaining rainforests...
[ "The rainforest likely formed during the Eocene era .", "The forest was formed at least 55 million years ago , in the Eocene period ." ]
[ "This exposure helped make Dunham a large theater headliner , a rare accomplishment for a ventriloquist , but by the mid-1990s , his television appearances had dwindled , and with them , so did his stage audiences .", "This exposure helped make Dunham a large theater headliner , a rare accomplishment for a ventri...
[ "Dunham created the Walter puppet himself , including both the initial sculpture and the silicone mold , though he eventually began using professional effects companies for the latter stages with his subsequent puppets .", "Dunham created the Walter puppet himself , including both the initial sculpture and the si...
[ "José , who speaks with a thick Spanish accent , is typically paired with Peanut , who often makes fun of José , uses appeals to Latino stereotypes when doing so , and makes fun of his being on a stick .", "José , who speaks with a thick Latin accent , is typically paired with Peanut , who often makes fun of José...
[ "His dreams dashed , the humiliated Dunham continued to tighten his act in Los Angeles clubs , performing same six-minute segment with Peanut a total of nine times for McCawley over the next few months .", "His dreams dashed , the humiliated Dunham continued to tighten his act in Los Angeles clubs , performing sa...
[ "Dunham was inspired to create Walter when he watched Bette Davis ' final appearance on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson , giving her honest , unfiltered candor to Walter , and patterning Walter 's frown on Dunham 's own .", "Dunham was inspired to create Walter when he watched Bette Davis ' final appearan...
[ "As of November 2009 , he has sold over four million DVDs , an additional $ 7 million in merchandise sales , and received more than 350 million hits on YouTube as of October 2009 ( his introduction of Achmed the Dead Terrorist in Spark of Insanity was ranked as the ninth most watched YouTube video at the time ) .",...
[ "He was voted Most Likely to Succeed , and in 1980 , after he graduated from high school , Dunham gave himself a career goal of obtaining , within ten years , an appearance on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson , which was seen as the `` holy grail '' for comedians .", "He was voted Most Likely to Succeed , ...
[ "It says ` Made in China ' ! '' )", "It says ` Made in China ' '' ) ." ]
[ "At the end of 1988 , Dunham was told by James McCawley , a talent booker for The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson , that Dunham would be given a spot on the coveted program .", "At the end of 1988 , Dunham was told by James McCawley , a talent booker for The Tonight Show with Johnny Carson , that Dunham would...
[ "He has five specials that run on Comedy Central : Jeff Dunham : Arguing with Myself , Jeff Dunham : Spark of Insanity , Jeff Dunham 's Very Special Christmas Special , Jeff Dunham : Controlled Chaos and Jeff Dunham : Minding the Monsters .", "He has four specials that are shown on Comedy Central : Jeff Dunham : ...
[ "Despite having the most-watched premiere in Comedy Central history , and higher average ratings than other shows on that network initially , the show was canceled after only one season , amid poor reviews , dwindling ratings and higher production costs than other Comedy Central shows .", "Despite having the most...
[ "Dunham and Peanut appeared on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson on April 6 , 1990 , alongside guests Bob Hope and B.B. King .", "Dunham and Peanut appeared on The Tonight Show with Johnny Carson on April 6 , 1990 , alongside guests Bob Hope and B.B. King ." ]
[ "His features were designed by Mad magazine illustrator Tom Richmond , and first appeared during the Identity Crisis Tour 2010 , and makes his first onscreen appearance in Dunham 's fourth special , Jeff Dunham : Controlled Chaos .", "He first appeared during the Identity Crisis Tour 2010 , and makes his first on...
[ "Following his bit , he was invited to sit on Johnny Carson 's couch , a mark of approval on Carson 's show .", "Following his bit , he was invited to sit on Johnny Carson 's couch , a mark of approval that only three comedians had ever garnered during their first Carson appearance ." ]
[ "Although he frequently mentions working for Osama Bin Laden , Achmed claims he does not think he 's a Muslim ( `` Look at my ass !", "Although he frequently mentions working for Osama , Achmed claims he does not think he 's a Muslim ( `` look at my ass !" ]
[ "He also does not wish to be a suicide bomber .", "He speaks with a British accent , and does not wish to be a suicide bomber ." ]
[ "The miniature Dunham puppet ( named Little Ugly-Ass Jeff ) was also used in Dunham 's Comedy Central specials Controlled Chaos and Minding the Monsters .", "The miniature Dunham puppet was also used in Dunham 's 2011 Comedy Central special , Controlled Chaos ." ]
[ "By June 2009 , the sketch in which Dunham introduced Achmed has amassed nearly 200 million views .", "As of June 2009 , the sketch in which Dunham introduced Achmed is the fourth most watched online video ever , having amassed nearly 200 million views ." ]
[ "Jeff Dunham ( born April 18 , 1962 ) is an American ventriloquist and stand-up comedian who has also appeared on numerous television shows , including Late Show with David Letterman , Comedy Central Presents , The Tonight Show and Sonny With a Chance .", "Jeffrey `` Jeff '' Dunham ( born April 18 , 1962 ) is an ...
[ "In Very Special Christmas Special , he sings a song called `` Jingle Bombs '' .", "Achmed first appeared in Spark of Insanity , and later made an appearance in the Very Special Christmas Special , singing a song called `` Jingle Bombs '' ." ]
[ "He also dubs Guitar Guy a `` racist bastard '' for warming up using a typical Arab mode .", "He also dubs the so-called Guitar Guy `` You racist bastard '' !" ]
[ "Music may be written in an enharmonic scale ( e.g. C ♯ minor , which only has four sharps in its key signature , compared to the theoretical eight flats required for D ♭ minor ) .", "Music may be written in an enharmonic scale ( e.g. C ♯ minor , which only has four sharps in its key signature , compared to the e...
[ "Major and minor keys that share the same signature are relative to each other ; so C major is the relative major of A minor , and C minor is the relative minor of E ♭ major .", "Major and minor keys that share the same key signature are called relative ; so C major is the relative major of A minor , and C minor ...
[ "Particularly , to use the triad of the relative major-which is very common-since this is based on the third degree of the minor scale , the raised seventh degree would cause an augmented triad .", "Using the triad of the relative major is very common , but because this is based on the third degree of the minor s...
[ "The harmonic minor scale as a whole is called Nahawand-Hijaz in Arabic nomenclature , and as Bûselik Hicaz in Turkish nomenclature .", "The harmonic minor scale as a whole is sometimes called Nahawand-Hijaz in Arabic , or as Bûselik Hicaz in Turkish ." ]
[ "The harmonic minor is also occasionally referred to as the Mohammedan scale as its upper tetrachord corresponds to the Hijaz jins , commonly found in Middle Eastern music .", "The harmonic minor is also sometimes called the Mohammedan scale because its upper tetrachord is the same as the Hijaz jins , often found...
[ "The following are enharmonic equivalents : Double sharps\\/double flats can be written as accidentals , but not as part of a key signature .", "The following are enharmonic equivalents :" ]
[ "The Hungarian minor scale is similar to the harmonic minor scale but with a raised fourth degree .", "The harmonic minor scale is the same as the natural minor but with the seventh note raised up a semitone ." ]
[ "The distinctive sound of the harmonic minor scale is the interval between the ( minor ) sixth and ( major ) seventh degrees of the scale ( in the case of A minor , F and G ♯ ) , which is an augmented second .", "The interval between the sixth and seventh degrees of this scale ( in this case F and G ♯ ) is an aug...
[ "For example : D ♭ minor key signature : E ♭ + A ♭ + D ♭ + G ♭ + C ♭ + F ♭ + B ( the B is now double flatted and therefore , notated after the single accidentals , which obviously do not include the B ♭ ) D ♭ natural minor = D ♭ E ♭ F ♭ G ♭ A ♭ B C ♭ D ♭ D ♭ melodic minor ( ascending and descending ) = D ♭ E ♭ F ♭ ...
[ "Traditionally , music theorists have called these two options the ascending melodic minor scale ( also known as heptatonia seconda and jazz minor scale ) and descending melodic minor scale respectively .", "These two options are called the ascending melodic minor scale and descending melodic minor scale ." ]
[ "In music theory , minor scale may refer to : The natural minor scale follows the sequence of steps : In semitones , this is If the white keys on the piano are played beginning on the sixth step of the C major scale , which is A , to the A an octave above , then a natural minor scale is produced .", "If the white...
[ "While some composers , notably Mozart , have used this interval to advantage in melodic composition , other composers , having felt it to be an awkward leap , particularly in vocal music , considered a whole step between these two scale degrees more conducive to smooth melody writing , so either the sixth scale de...
[ "For example , in the key of A minor , the V chord ( the triad built on the note E ) is normally a minor triad , which includes the seventh degree of the A minor scale : G ♮ , as opposed to the raised seventh G ♯ which would make a major triad in Harmonic Minor .", "Together they make the minor triad ." ]
[ "So , the natural minor scale consists of : 1 , the tonic , followed by 2 , a note a major second above the tonic , ♭ 3 , a note a minor third above the tonic , and so forth , up to 8 , a note an octave above the tonic .", "A minor scale in music theory is any scale that has at least three scale degrees : the ton...
[ "Dorian is the same as minor mode except with a major sixth , and Phrygian mode is the same as minor mode except with a minor second .", "The natural minor scale is the same as the 6th mode ( or Aeolian mode ) of the major scale ." ]
[ "Records of seismic waves allow seismologists to map the interior of the Earth , and locate and measure the size of these different sources .", "Records of seismic waves called seismograms allow to map the interior of the Earth , and locate and measure the size of those different sources ." ]
[ "The word derives from the Greek σεισμός , seismós , a shaking or quake , from the verb σείω , seíō , to shake ; and μέτρον , métron , measure and was coined by David Milne-Home in 1841 , to describe an instrument designed by Scottish physicist James David Forbes .", "The word derives from the Greek σεισμός , sei...
[ "At every branch of Grameen Bank , the borrowers recite these Decisions and vow to follow them .", "At every branch of Grameen Bank the borrowers recite these Decisions and vow to follow them ." ]
[ "Muhammad Yunus earned a doctorate in economics from Vanderbilt University in the United States .", "Muhammad Yunus , the banks first member , earned a Ph.D. in economics from Vanderbilt University in the United States ." ]
[ "By the mid-1990s , the bank started to get most of its funding from the central bank of Bangladesh .", "In the mid-1990s , the bank started getting most of its funding from the central bank of Bangladesh ." ]
[ "Its success has inspired similar projects in more than 40 countries around the world , including a World Bank initiative to finance Grameen-type schemes .", "Its success has inspired similar projects in more than 40 countries around the world and has made World Bank to take an initiative to finance Grameen-type ...
[ "For example , a beggar taking a small loan of around 100 taka ( about US $ 1.50 ) may pay back only 2.00 taka ( about 3.4 US cents ) per week .", "The loans cost only the amount of the loan and the repayment take a long time , for example , a beggar taking a small loan of around 100 taka ( about US $ 1.50 ) can ...
[ "Grameen Bank is best known for its system of solidarity lending .", "Grameen Bank is best known for solidarity lending ." ]
[ "Although each borrower must belong to a five-member group , the group is not required to give any guarantee for a loan to its members .", "Each borrower must belong to a five-member group , the group does not need to give a guarantee for a loan ." ]
[ "Grameen says that more than half of its borrowers in Bangladesh ( close to 50 million ) have risen out of acute poverty thanks to their loan , as measured by such standards as having all children of school age in school , all household members eating three meals a day , a sanitary toilet , a rainproof house , clea...
[ "In 1976 , the village of Jobra and other villages near the University of Chittagong became the first areas eligible for service from Grameen Bank .", "In 1976 , the village of Jobra and other villages surrounding the University of Chittagong became the first places where Grameen Bank loaned money to people ." ]
[ "In 2006 , the bank and its founder , Muhammad Yunus , were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize .", "The group and its first member , Muhammad Yunus , were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006 ." ]
[ "By 2006 , Grameen Bank branches numbered over 2,100 .", "By 2006 , India had over 2,100 Grameen Bank branches ." ]
[ "In the Village Phone program , women entrepreneurs can start businesses to provide wireless payphone service in rural areas .", "Women entrepreneurs can start a business providing a payphone service in rural areas of Bangladesh ." ]
[ "Proving successful , the Bank project , with support from the central Bangladesh Bank , was extended in 1979 to the Tangail District ( to the north of the capital , Dhaka ) .", "The Bank was very successful and with support from the main Bangladesh Bank , gave loans for the Tangail District ( to the north of the...
[ "By the beginning of 2005 , the bank had loaned over USD 4.7 billion and by the end of 2008 , USD 7.6 billion to the poor .", "By the beginning of 2005 , the bank had loaned over USD 4.7 billion to poor people ." ]
[ "Grameen Bank originated in 1976 , in the work of Professor Muhammad Yunus , professor at University of Chittagong , who launched a research project to study how to design a credit delivery system to provide banking services to the rural poor .", "The Grameen Bank was started 1976 when Professor Muhammad Yunus , ...
[ "The bank also accepts deposits , provides other services , and runs several development-oriented businesses including fabric , telephone and energy companies .", "The bank also controls some businesses , such as fabric , telephone and energy companies ." ]
[ "The Grameen Bank ( Bengali : গ্রামীণ বাংক ) is a Nobel Peace Prize-winning microfinance organization and community development bank founded in Bangladesh .", "The Grameen Bank is a community development bank started in Bangladesh ." ]
[ "This program is focused on distributing small loans to beggars .", "This program is made to give small loans to beggars ." ]
[ "In the press release announcing the prize , the Development Gateway Foundation noted that through this program : In 2003 , Grameen Bank started a new program , different from its traditional group-based lending , exclusively targeted to the beggars in Bangladesh .", "The Development Gateway Foundation said : In ...
[ "It makes small loans ( known as microcredit or `` grameencredit '' ) to the impoverished without requiring collateral .", "They give small loans ( known as microcredit or `` grameencredit '' ) to poor people without asking for money before the loan is given ." ]
[ "The bank 's success continued and its services were extended to other districts of Bangladesh .", "The bank 's success continued and it soon gave loans in many areas of Bangladesh ." ]
[ "Yunus developed the principles of the Grameen Bank ( literally , `` Bank of the Villages '' in Bengali ) from his research and experience .", "The Grameen Bank ( `` Bank of the Villages '' , in the Bengali language ) is the product of Yunus ' ideas ." ]
[ "He was inspired during the Bangladesh famine of 1974 to make a small loan of US$ 27 to a group of 42 families as start-up money so that they could make items for sale , without the burdens of high interest under predatory lending .", "During the Bangladesh famine of 1974 he gave a small loan of USD 27 to a group...
[ "By a Bangladeshi government ordinance on October 2 , 1983 , the project was authorized and established as an independent bank .", "On 2 October 1983 , the project was made into an independent bank , by the Bangladeshi government ." ]
[ "He began to expand microcredit as a research project together with the Rural Economics Project at Bangladesh 's University of Chittagong to test his method for providing credit and banking services to the rural poor .", "The bank began as a research project by Yunus and the Rural Economics Project at Bangladesh ...
[ "Solidarity lending is a cornerstone of microcredit , and the system is now used in more than 43 countries .", "There is solidarity lending in over 43 countries ." ]
[ "During hostilities , the Goose took on an increasing number of combat and training roles .", "During battles , the Goose took on an increasing number of combat and training roles ." ]
[ "It was powered by two 450 horsepower ( 340 kW ) Pratt & Whitney R-985 Wasp Junior nine-cylinder , air-cooled , radial engines mounted on the leading edges of the wings .", "It was an all-metal , high-winged monoplane powered by two 450 horsepower ( 340 kW ) Pratt & Whitney R-985 Wasp Jr. nine-cylinder , air-cool...
[ "The Goose was Grumman 's first monoplane to fly , its first twin-engined aircraft , and its first aircraft to enter commercial airline service .", "It was also Grumman 's first twin-engined aircraft as well as their first aircraft to provide commercial service ." ]
[ "The Grumman G-21 Goose is an amphibious aircraft that was designed by Grumman to serve as an eight-seat `` commuter '' aircraft for businessmen in the Long Island area .", "The Grumman G-21 Goose is an amphibious aircraft , which means it can land and take off on water ." ]
[ "Having an amphibious configuration also allowed the G-21 to go just about anywhere , and plans were made to market it as an amphibian airliner .", "There were plans to market the G-21 as an amphibian airliner ." ]
[ "During World War II , the Goose became an effective transport for the US military ( including the United States Coast Guard ) , as well as serving with many other air forces .", "During World War II , the Goose was used to transport the US military ( including the Coast Guard ) ." ]
[ "In 1936 , a group of wealthy residents of Long Island , including E. Roland Harriman , approached Grumman and commissioned an aircraft that they could use to fly to New York City .", "In 1936 , some rich residents of Long Island , such as E. Roland Harriman , asked Grumman to build them an aircraft ." ]
[ "The Maya cities of the northern lowlands in Yucatán continued to flourish for centuries more ; some of the important sites in this era were Chichen Itza , Uxmal , Edzná , and Coba .", "Some of the important sites in this time were Chichen Itza , Uxmal , Edzná , and Coba ." ]
[ "The palace at Cancuén is the largest in the Maya area , but the site has no pyramids .", "The palace at Cancuén is the largest we know about in the Maya area ." ]
[ "The Itza maintained their capital at Tayasal ( also known as Noh Petén ) , an archaeological site thought to underlay the modern city of Flores , Guatemala on Lake Petén Itzá .", "The Itza had their capital at Tayasal ( also known as Noh Petén ) , and people who study the Maya civlisation think what 's left of t...
[ "Important trade goods included cacao , salt , seashells , jade , and obsidian .", "Some important things they traded were cacao , salt , sea shells , jade and obsidian ." ]
[ "The Maya civilization extended throughout the present-day southern Mexican states of Chiapas , Tabasco , and the Yucatán Peninsula states of Quintana Roo , Campeche and Yucatán .", "The area covered what we now call the southern Mexican states of Chiapas and Tabasco , and the Yucatán Peninsula states of Quintana...
[ "The last Maya states , the Itza polity of Tayasal and the Ko ` woj city of Zacpeten , were continuously occupied and remained independent of the Spanish until late in the 17th century .", "The last Mayan states , the Itza city of Tayasal and the Ko ` woj city of Zacpeten , still had people living in them late in...
[ "The Maya civilization participated in long distance trade with many of the other Mesoamerican cultures , including Teotihuacan , the Zapotec , and other groups in central and gulf-coast Mexico .", "They traded with many other Mesoamerican cultures , such as Teotihuacan , the Zapotec , and other groups in central...
[ "The most notable monuments are the stepped pyramids they built in their religious centers and the accompanying palaces of their rulers .", "Their most famous monuments are the pyramids they built as part of their religious centers , and the palaces ." ]
[ "They were finally subdued by the Spanish in 1697 .", "They were finally conquered in 1697 ." ]
[ "Millions of people speak Mayan languages today .", "There are many Mayan languages still spoken today , including one called the Achi language ." ]
[ "Postclassic Maya states also continued to survive in the southern highlands .", "Some Mayan cultures were still living in the southern highlands ." ]
[ "Scholars continue to discuss when this era of Maya civilization began .", "In the north , the Maya civilization kept going ." ]