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[ "Paulo Henrique Souza de Oliveira ( born 5 January , 1943 ) is a former Brazilian football player .", "Paulo Henrique Souza de Oliveira ( born 5 January 1943 in Macaà ) , usually called Paulo Henrique , is a former Brazilian footballer ." ]
[ "Aartselaar is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Antwerp .", "Aartselaar ( old spelling : Aertselaer ) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Antwerp . The municipality only comprises the town of Aartselaar proper ." ]
[ "Baking soda is where the carbon dioxide comes from , and the acid releases it , like this :", "Baking soda is the source of the carbon dioxide , and the acid-base reaction can be generically represented as" ]
[ "Because carbon dioxide is made faster by baking powder than yeast , breads made with it are called quick breads .", "Because carbon dioxide is released at a faster rate through the acid-base reaction than through fermentation , breads made by chemical leavening are called quick breads ." ]
[ "Baking powder works by making a reaction between an acid and a base , which produces carbon dioxide bubbles to make the mixture light .", "Baking powder works by releasing carbon dioxide gas into a batter or dough through an acid-base reaction , causing bubbles in the wet mixture to expand and thus leavening the...
[ "Most baking powders are made up of an alkaline ( usually baking soda ) , one or two acid salts , and a starch ( cornstarch or sometimes potato starch ) . Baking soda is where the carbon dioxide comes from , and the acid releases it , like this :", "Baking powder is generally just baking soda mixed with an acid ,...
[ "Most baking powders are made up of an alkaline ( usually baking soda ) , one or two acid salts , and a starch ( cornstarch or sometimes potato starch ) .", "Most commercially-available baking powders are made up of an alkaline component ( typically baking soda , also known as sodium bicarbonate ) , one or more a...
[ "James Inglis born 26 August , 1986 in England is a rugby union player for Harlequins in the Guinness Premiership .", "James Inglis born 26 August , 1986 in England is a rugby union player for Harlequins in the Guinness Premiershiphe is currently on loan at national league 1 table toppers Esher ." ]
[ "If you wish to write articles for the Simple English Wikipedia , read How to write Simple English articles .", "In general , Simple English articles are simplifications of the most important points in existing articles , rather than being new . This is likely to make Simple English articles a good way to introdu...
[ "When the Simple English Wikipedia began , the ordinary English Wikipedia already had 150,000 articles , and seven other Wikipedias in other languages had over 15,000 articles .", "The project began to see major contributions after 150,000 + articles in the original English Wikipedia and articles in each of seven...
[ "This makes Simple English articles a good way to understand difficult articles from the ordinary English Wikipedia . If someone can not understand an idea in complex English , they can read the Simple English article .", "This is likely to make Simple English articles a good way to introduce those written in com...
[ "Since the other Wikipedias already have so many articles , most Simple English articles take articles from other Wikipedias and make them simple ; they are usually not new articles .", "Non-English Wikipedias can also be translated from the articles here ." ]
[ "Articles in the Simple English Wikipedia use fewer words and easier grammar than the ordinary English Wikipedia .", "The Simple English Wikipedia uses fewer words and simpler grammar than the original English Wikipedia ." ]
[ "In fluid dynamics , turbulence or turbulent flow is a flow regime characterized by chaotic , stochastic property changes .", "In fluid dynamics , turbulence or turbulent flow is a flow regime characterized by chaotic and stochastic property changes ." ]
[ "Flow that is not turbulent is called laminar flow .", "For pipe flow , a Reynolds number above about 4000 will most likely correspond to turbulent flow , while a Reynold 's number below 2100 indicates laminar flow ." ]
[ "Khuda-e-Sukhan Mir Taqi Mir ( born 1723 in Agra - died September 21 , 1810 in Lucknow ) , . Mir is sometimes written as Meer , he was an Urdu poet and one of the pioneers who gave Urdu shape to itself .", "Khuda-e-Sukhan Mir Taqi Mir ( Urdu : ' ) ( born 1723 - died September 21 , 1810 ) , whose original name was...
[ "He also acted in many other television series over the years including : S.W.A.T. ( 1975 ) , Soap ( 1977 ) and The Lazarus Man ( 1996 ) .", "He also appeared in other television series over the years including : S.W.A.T. ( 1975 ) , Soap ( 1977 ) , and The Lazarus Man ( 1996 ) , as well as in several feature film...
[ "Robert Urich ( December 19 , 1946 â `` April 16 , 2002 ) was an Emmy-winning actor , famous for playing private investigators on the television series Spenser : For Hire ( 1985 â `` 1988 ) and Vega $ ( 1978 â `` 1981 ) .", "Robert Urich ( December 19 , 1946 -- April 16 , 2002 ) was an American actor . He played ...
[ "Helmut Heinrich Waldemar Schmidt ( 23 December 1918 in Hamburg ) is a German politician and was Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany from 1974 to 1982 .", "Helmut Heinrich Waldemar Schmidt ( ; born 23 December 1918 ) is a German Social Democratic politician who served as Chancellor of West Germany from ...
[ "Life insurance has different types of policies .", "Universal life insurance ( UL ) is a relatively new insurance product intended to provide permanent insurance coverage with greater flexibility in premium payment and the potential for greater growth of cash values . There are several types of universal life in...
[ "It is the busiest English station outside London , and the UK 's second busiest station outside London after Glasgow Central .", "In 2008\\/9 , Leeds was the busiest railway station in the North of England and the third busiest in the United Kingdom outside London , after Birmingham New Street and Glasgow Centra...
[ "Leeds railway station or Leeds City Station is one of the largest railway stations in the United Kingdom .", "Leeds railway station ( also known as Leeds City station ) is the mainline railway station serving the city center of Leeds in West Yorkshire , England ." ]
[ "The railway station has services to London , Sheffield , Manchester , Liverpool , Newcastle Upon Tyne , Birmingham , Bristol , Edinburgh , Glasgow , Kingston upon Hull and Scarborough .", "The station provides connections to London , Bristol , Plymouth and the South West , Nottingham , Birmingham and the Midland...
[ "It was directed by Guillermo del Toro and stars Ron Perlman .", "The movie is directed by Guillermo del Toro and is a sequel to the 2004 film Hellboy , which del Toro also directed . Perlman reprises his role as the titular character ." ]
[ "Hellboy II : The Golden Army is a 2008 movie .", "Hellboy II : The Golden Army is a 2008 American fantasy superhero film based on the fictional Dark Horse Comics character Hellboy , starring Ron Perlman and Selma Blair ." ]
[ "Yaw Preko ( born 8 September 1974 ) is a former Ghanaian football player . He has played for Ghana national team .", "Yaw Preko ( born September 8 , 1974 in Accra ) is a former football striker from Ghana ." ]
[ "Terry Lynn Nichols ( born April 1 , 1955 ) is a U.S. Army veteran who was convicted of being an accomplice of Timothy McVeigh , the man convicted of murder in the bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building ( Oklahoma City , Oklahoma , April 19 , 1995 ) , which claimed 168 lives .", "In 1994 and 1995 , he c...
[ "Chazeaux is a commune of the Ardà che dà partement in the southern part of France .", "Chazeaux is a commune in the Ardà che department in southern France ." ]
[ "There are 10 distinct paragraphs .", "There are 10 distinct paragraphs , but it can produce up to 20 ." ]
[ "It takes three parameters : the number of paragraphs to generate , paragraph prefix , and paragraph suffix .", "It takes four parameters : the number of paragraphs to generate , paragraph prefix , paragraph suffix , and an option to link lorem ipsum ." ]
[ "Tuscany was given to France , 1807-1814 .", "Tuscany was annexed by France , 1807-1814 ." ]
[ "Tuscany was annexed by Kingdom of Sardinia , on 22 March 1860", "Tuscany was annexed by Piedmont-Sardinia , on 22 March 1860 ." ]
[ "He abdicated in favor of his son , Ferdinando IV , on 21 July 1859 , but Ferdinando IV was never recognized in Tuscany , and was deposed by the government on 16 August .", "He abdicated in favor of his son , Ferdinando IV , on 21 July 1859 , but Ferdinando IV was never recognized in Tuscany , and was deposed by ...
[ "A sex doll ( also called love doll or blow up doll ) is a sex toy . It has the size of a sexual partner , and should help with masturbation .", "A sex doll ( also love doll or blow up doll ) is a type of sex toy in the size and shape of a sexual partner for aid in masturbation ." ]
[ "Republic of Ireland national football team is the national football team of Republic of Ireland .", "The Republic of Ireland national football team represents the nation of Ireland in association football ." ]
[ "The Berlin Observatory ( Berliner Sternwarte in German ) has its origins in 1700 when Gottfried Leibniz initiated the Società t der Wissenschaften ( Brandenburgische Science Society ) which would later ( 1744 ) become the Preuà ischen Akademie der Wissenschaften ( Prussian Academy of Sciences ) .", "The Berlin O...
[ "Dave Attell ( born January 18 , 1965 ) is an American comedian and host of the TV show `` Insomniac with Dave Attell '' , shown on Comedy Central in the United States .", "Dave Attell ( born January 18 , 1965 ) is an American stand-up comedian and the host of Comedy Central 's Insomniac with Dave Attell and The ...
[ "Gighera is a commune found in Dolj County , Romania .", "Gighera is a commune in Dolj County , Romania with a population of 3,405 people ." ]
[ "Bluefield is a town of Virginia in the United States .", "Bluefield has not always borne the name Bluefield ." ]
[ "Angelo Domenghini ( born 25 August , 1941 ) is a former Italian football player .", "Angelo Domenghini ( born August 25 , 1941 ) is an Italian former footballer ." ]
[ "MÃ 1\\/4 llheim is a municipality of the district of Steckborn in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland .", "MÃ 1\\/4 llheim is a municipality in the district of Frauenfeld in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland ." ]
[ "There are several unanswered issues with this hypothesis .", "There remain several unanswered issues surrounding this hypothesis ." ]
[ "Also , lunar samples do not have expected ratios of volatile elements , iron oxide , or siderophilic elements ( chemical elements which bond with iron ) , and there is no evidence that the Earth ever had the magma ocean implied by the hypothesis .", "Also , lunar samples do not have expected ratios of volatile e...
[ "Lunar oxygen isotopic ratios are essentially identical to Earth , with no evidence of a contribution from another solar body .", "Lunar oxygen isotopic ratios are essentially identical to Earth 's , with no evidence of a contribution from another solar body ." ]
[ "The giant impact hypothesis is that the Moon was created out of the debris from a collision between the young Earth and a Mars-sized protoplanet .", "The giant impact hypothesis proposes that the Moon was created out of the debris left over from a collision between the young Earth and a Mars-sized body ." ]
[ "Laura Branigan was an American born singer-songwriter and actress of Italian and Irish ancestry .", "Laura Ann Branigan ( July 3 , 1957 â `` August 26 , 2004 ) was an American singer-songwriter and actress of Italian and Irish ancestry ." ]
[ "Wong Tai Sin Temple ( é '' å ä '' ç , or literally : the Temple for Big Deity Wong ) is a famous temple in Kowloon , Hong Kong .", "Wong Tai Sin Temple is one of the most famous shrines in Hong Kong ." ]
[ "The National Football League ( NFL ) playoffs are a single-elimination tournament that happen at the end of the 16-game regular season .", "The National Football League ( NFL ) playoffs are a single-elimination tournament held at the end of the 16-game regular season to determine the NFL champion ." ]
[ "Enslaved is a band from Haugesund , Norway ; their music has been called black metal and viking metal . The band was formed in 1991 .", "Enslaved is a progressive viking black metal band formed in June 1991 in Sveio , Norway , and currently based out of Bergen , Norway ." ]
[ "It forms oxides and hydrides in moist air , causing the plutonium sample to expand by up to 70 % .", "In a moist environment , plutonium forms hydrides on its surface , which are pyrophoric and may ignite in air at room temperature . Plutonium expands up to 70 % in volume as it oxidizes and thus may break its co...
[ "Plutonium-244 has a half-life of about 80 million years . The half life of 244Pu is long enough that some of this isotope of plutonium is found in very small amounts in nature .", "Plutonium is the heaviest primordial element ( see also primordial nuclide ) , by virtue of its most stable isotope , plutonium-244 ...
[ "The heterokonts or stramenopiles are a major line of eukaryotes with more than 100,000 known species , most of them diatoms .", "The heterokonts or stramenopiles are a major line of eukaryotes currently containing more than 100,000 known species , most of them diatoms ." ]
[ "An Italian volcanological mission analyzed gas samples from the fumaroles along the Arenas crater floor and proved them to be a mixture of carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide , indicating a direct magmatic release into surface environment .", "An Italian volcanological mission analyzed gas samples from fumaroles a...
[ "The eruption reached Volcanic Explosivity Index 3 .", "The eruption reached a value of 3 on the Volcanic Explosivity Index ." ]
[ "The eruption caused an estimated 23,000 deaths , 5,000 injuries , and destroyed more than 5,000 homes .", "In total , over 23,000 people were killed and approximately 5,000 were injured . More than 5,000 homes were destroyed ." ]
[ "On November 13 , 1985 , at 9:08 pm , Nevado del Ruiz erupted ; ejecting dacitic tephra more than 30 kilometers into the atmosphere .", "At 9:09 pm , on November 13 , 1985 , Nevado del Ruiz erupted , ejecting dacitic tephra more than 30 k into the atmosphere ." ]
[ "It encircles the Pacific Ocean , and houses some of the world 's most active volcanoes .", "Nevado del Ruiz lies within the Pacific Ring of Fire , a region that encircles the Pacific Ocean and contains some of the world 's most active volcanoes ." ]
[ "Scientists later looked back to the hours before the eruption and noticed that several long period earthquakes had occurred . Long-period earthquakes are those which start out strong and then die down very slowly .", "Scientists later looked back to the hours before the eruption and noticed that several long-per...
[ "In April 2008 , the Nevado del Huila volcano erupted , and thousands were evacuated . Volcanologists were worried that this could be another `` Nevado del Ruiz '' .", "When another Colombian volcano , the Nevado del Huila , erupted in April 2008 , thousands of people were evacuated because volcanologists worried...
[ "In addition , it was the deadliest lahar in recorded history , and Colombia 's worst natural disaster .", "It is also the deadliest known lahar , and Colombia 's worst natural disaster ." ]
[ "About 23,000 people died when the lahar covered the Armero , making this the most deadly lahar in the history of the world .", "On November 13 , 1985 , a small eruption produced an enormous lahar that buried and desolated the town of Armero in Tolima Department , causing an estimated 23,000 deaths . This event l...
[ "Normally , these type of stratovolcanoes generate explosive Plinian eruptions with associated pyroclastic flows that can melt snow and glaciers near the summit , thus producing devastating lahars .", "As is the case for many subduction-zone volcanoes , Nevado del Ruiz can generate explosive Plinian eruptions wit...
[ "Volcanologist Bernard Chouet said that these earthquakes occurred in the final hours before an eruption . According to Chouet , `` the volcano was screaming ` I 'm about to explode ' , '' but scientists at the time doubted his theory .", "Volcanologist Bernard Chouet said that , `` the volcano was screaming ` I ...
[ "The amount of magma erupted from the volcano was 3 % of that from Mount St. Helens in 1980 .", "The total mass of the erupted material ( including magma ) was 35 million tonnesâ '' only 3 % of the amount that erupted from Mount St. Helens in 1980 ." ]
[ "The Andean volcanic belt was produced by the eastward subduction of the oceanic Nazca plate beneath the South American continental plate .", "The Andean Volcanic Belt is produced by the eastward subduction of the oceanic Nazca Plate beneath the South American continental plate ." ]
[ "A very high lahar risk was stressed in the mission 's report delivered on October 22 , 1985 and various simple preparedness techniques were proposed to local authorities .", "The mission 's report , delivered on October 22 , 1985 , judged the risk of lahars to be very high . The report proposed various simple pr...
[ "Thorium is a chemical element .", "Thorium is a naturally occurring radioactive chemical element , found in abundance throughout the world ." ]
[ "It has the atomic number 90 .", "Thorium atoms ( symbol Th ) have an atomic number of 90 , with 90 protons and 90 electrons , of which 4 are valence electrons ." ]
[ "Vanuatu national football team is the national football team of Vanuatu .", "The Vanuatu national football team is the national team of Vanuatu and is controlled by the Vanuatu Football Federation ." ]
[ "The fictional Skarloey Railway was based on the Talyllyn Railway .", "The Talyllyn Railway is represented in the Thomas the Tank Engine books as the Skarloey Railway ; most of the fictional locomotives are based on real-life equivalents ." ]
[ "Underground working began in the early 1840s . By 1847 the quarry was being worked by local landowner John Pughe .", "Underground working began in the early 1840s , and by 1847 the quarry was being worked by local landowner John Pughe ." ]
[ "Tyler agreed to this arrangement , and to this day all carriages on the Talyllyn have doors on one side only , an unusual feature for a public railway . This feature is however shared with the neighbouring Corris Railway , though for different reasons .", "Tyler agreed to this arrangement , and to this day all c...
[ "McConnel set about improving Bryn Eglwys to increase its output . In 1865 his company earmarked money for the construction of a narrow gauge railway connecting the quarry with the port of Aberdyfi .", "McConnel set about improving Bryn Eglwys to increase its output and in 1865 his company earmarked money for the...
[ "In January 1864 , McConnel formed the Aberdovey Slate Company . The company leased the land including Bryn Eglwys from the landowner , Lewis Morris of Machynlleth .", "In January 1864 , McConnel formed the Aberdovey Slate Company , which leased the land including Bryn Eglwys from the landowner , Lewis Morris of ...
[ "The 2 f gauge of the track is unusual . It was shared by only three other public railways in the United Kingdom : the nearby Corris Railway ( which predated the Talyllyn ) , and the subsequent Plynlimon and Hafan Tramway and Campbeltown and Machrihanish Light Railway .", "The 2 f gauge of the track is unusual , ...
[ "The Talyllyn Railway is a narrow-gauge preserved railway in Wales . It runs for 7.25 m from Tywyn on the Mid-Wales coast to Nant Gwernol near the village of Abergynolwyn .", "The Talyllyn Railway is a narrow-gauge preserved railway in Wales running for 7.25 m from Tywyn on the Mid-Wales coast to Nant Gwernol nea...
[ "The line was opened in 1866 to carry slate from the quarries at Bryn Eglwys to Tywyn . It was the first narrow gauge railway in Britain authorised by Act of Parliament to carry passengers using steam haulage .", "The line was opened in 1866 to carry slate from the quarries at Bryn Eglwys to Tywyn , and was the f...
[ "The internal width of the overbridges was only 9 f , but the railway 's passenger carriages were 5 f wide . This left less than 2 f clearance on either side , which was less than the minimum required clearance of 2 f. To alleviate this problem , McConnel proposed that the doors on one side of each carriage be perm...
[ "Slate quarrying began in the hills above Tywyn in the 1830s . Although many small quarries and test levels were established , only one major quarry was developed in the region .", "Slate quarrying began in the hills above Tywyn in the 1830s , but although many small quarries and test levels were established , on...
[ "The standard gauge Aberystwyth and Welsh Coast Railway was expanding rapidly from its base at Machynlleth however . In 1863 this railway had reached Tywyn , so McConnel decided to build his line from the quarry to Tywyn .", "The standard gauge Aberystwyth and Welsh Coast Railway was expanding rapidly from its ba...
[ "An Act of Parliament ( 28 and 29 Vict , cap cccxv ) allowing the company to operate passenger trains as a public railway was given Royal Assent on 5 July 186 . , The company appointed James Swinton Spooner as engineer for the construction .", "An Act of Parliament ( 28 and 29 Vict , cap cccxv ) allowing the comp...
[ "One such owner was William McConnel of Lancashire . In 1859 he purchased a house near Dolgellau , north of Tywyn .", "One such owner was William McConnel of Lancashire who , in 1859 , had purchased a house near Dolgellau , north of Tywyn ." ]
[ "Since preservation , the railway has operated as a tourist attraction . It has increased the amount of rolling stock it has .", "Since preservation , the railway has operated as a tourist attraction , expanding its rolling stock through acquisition and an engineering program to build new locomotives and carriage...
[ "Tyler 's report led to an unusual alteration . It was discovered that the loading gauge of the line was too small .", "Tyler 's report led to an unusual alteration , as it was discovered that the loading gauge of the line was too small ." ]
[ "In 2001 , the preservation society celebrated its 50th anniversary . In 2005 a major rebuilding and extension of Tywyn Wharf station took place .", "In 2001 , the preservation society celebrated its 50th anniversary , and in 2005 a major rebuilding and extension of Tywyn Wharf station took place , including a mu...
[ "In 1861 the outbreak of the American Civil War cut off supplies of cotton to the mills of the north west of England . As a result a number of prosperous mill owners looked for new business opportunities to diversify their interests .", "In 1861 the outbreak of the American Civil War cut off supplies of cotton to...
[ "The fictional Skarloey Railway was based on the Talyllyn Railway . This fictional railway formed part of the Railway Series of children 's books by The Rev. W. Awdry .", "The fictional Skarloey Railway , which formed part of the Railway Series of children 's books by The Rev. W. Awdry , was based on the Talyllyn...
[ "No. 1 was returned to its manufacturer where a set of trailing wheels was added to reduce the rear overhang . The springs on No. 2 were adjusted and the crank pins shortened to reduce its oscillation .", "No. 1 was returned to its manufacturer where a set of trailing wheels was added to reduce the rear overhang ...
[ "Tal-y-llyn is a large glacial ribbon lake at the foot of Cadair Idris 3 m further east .", "The origin of the railway 's name is uncertain : it may refer to the parish of Talyllyn , which contains its eastern terminus , or it may come from Tal-y-llyn , a large glacial ribbon lake at the foot of Cadair Idris 3 m ...
[ "The finished slates were sent by packhorse to the wharf at Pennal . They were then transferred to boats for a river trip to Aberdyfi ( also known as Aberdovey ) .", "The finished slates were sent by packhorse to the wharf at Pennal , transferred to boats for a river trip to Aberdyfi ( then known as Aberdovey ) ,...
[ "In 1985 , Elfman met director Tim Burton .", "In 1985 , Tim Burton and Paul Reubens invited Elfman to write the score for their first feature film , Pee-wee 's Big Adventure ." ]
[ "Elfman worked with Burton on all but two of Burton 's movies .", "Elfman immediately developed a rapport with Burton and has gone on to score all but two of Burton 's major studio releases : Ed Wood , scored by Howard Shore , which was under production while Elfman and Burton were having a fight , and Sweeney To...
[ "The Toray Pan Pacific Open ( æ ã ã '' ã ` ã ã '' ã ` ã ã ã # ã ã ã '' ã ã ã ) is a WTA Tour of tennis tournaments for women . It is held every year since 1984 in Tokyo , Japan .", "The Toray Pan Pacific Open ( æ ã ã '' ã ` ã ã '' ã ` ã ã ã # ã ã ã '' ã ã ã ) is a WTA Tour affiliated professional tennis tournamen...
[ "Hossein Kaebi ( born 23 September 1985 ) is an Iranian football player . He plays for Steel Azin and Iran national team .", "Hossein Kaebi ( also spelled Ka ` abi , born September 1985 in Ahvaz ) is an Iranian football player who currently plays for Steel Azin in the Iran Pro League and the Iran national footbal...
[ "Usually , obsolete codes may be kept as reserved , while some overseas territories , international organizations , and special nationality status have reserved codes of their own .", "Codes are usually reserved for former countries , overseas territories , international organizations , and special nationality st...
[ "The official name of the standard is Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions â `` Part 1 : Country codes .", "The official name of the standard is Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions -- Part 1 : Country codes ." ]
[ "Currently , 244 countries and territories have official ISO 3166-1 codes .", "Currently 248 countries , territories , or areas of geographical interest are assigned official codes in ISO 3166-1 ." ]
[ "The official name of the standard is Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions â `` Part 1 : Country codes . There are three sets of country codes :", "However , it is not the only standard for country codes ." ]
[ "The following is a complete ISO 3166-1 encoding code list in alphabetical order by the English short country names officially used by the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency ( ISO 3166\\/MA ) , which uses country names from United Nations sources .", "According to the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency ( ISO 3166\\/MA ) , the ...
[ "A country or territory may get new codes if it changes its name or its territorial boundaries .", "A country is usually assigned new ISO 3166-1 codes if it changes its name or its territorial boundaries ." ]